ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻫﻤﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ
ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ :ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ۱۳۸۱ www.ParsBook.org
ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﻴﺎﻣﻮﺯﻳﻢ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ : ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ،ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ.ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ .ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺴﮑﺖ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ.
ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﯼ؟ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻫﻤﻪﯼ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ،ﻣﺜﻼ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﺪﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﯼ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ،ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ UMLﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﯼ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ.
ﻳﮏ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ : -
ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﯼﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.
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ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﺪ.
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ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﯼ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
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ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻴﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ،ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﮏ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﮑﯽ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ،ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﻳﺎﺑﺪ.
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﯼ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ : -
ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ
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ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ
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ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡﻫﺎﯼ UMLﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ.
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ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ: : Standard toolbar -۱ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ. : Diagram toolbar -۲ﮐﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﯼ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﯼ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ. : Browser -۳ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﮏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﯽ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﭗ. : Diagram window -۴ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ. : Documentation window -۵ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ. ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺗﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ specificationﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ. : Specification -۶ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺸﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ.
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ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ:
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Usecase view Logical view Component view Deployment view
ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ) : ( usecase view ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮﻫﺎ ) (actorsﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ : -
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ )(usecase diagrams
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ )(sequence diagrams
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ )(collaboration diagrams
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ )(activity diagrams
ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ) : ( logical view ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ: -
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ )(class diagrams
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )(statechart diagrams
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ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ) : ( component view ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻩﯼ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ،ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ) (component diagramﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ) : ( deployment view ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺣﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﯽ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ) ( deployment diagramﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
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ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺮﺳﭙﮑﺘﻴﻮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻴﺪ. ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ: -
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ )(usecase diagram
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﮐﻼﺱ )(class diagram
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ )(sequence diagram
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ )(collaboration diagram
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ )(activity diagram
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )(statechart diagram
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ )(component diagram
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ )(deployment diagram
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ )(usecase diagram ﻳﮏ usecaseﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ،ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻳﮏ usecase ﻳﮏ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﯼ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﮐﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﯼ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﯼ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﯼﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭﻭﺩ. ﻧﮑﺘﻪ :ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ .،ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ usecaseﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻴﻢ .ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﮐﻠﻴﻪﯼ usecaseﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ.
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ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯼ usecase viewﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻳﮑﻮﻥ mainﺩﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ،ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ،ﺁﻳﮑﻮﻥ new use caseﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻡ specificationﻧﺎﻡ ،ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻭ stereotypeﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ.
ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻳﮏ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻳﮑﻮﻥ associationﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻫﻮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﮐﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻳﺪ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ. ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﮏ usecaseﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ :ﺩﺭ browserﺩﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺒﺪﺍ ﻭﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ)(expand ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﯼ usecaseﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﮑﺸﻴﺪ usecase .ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﮐﻼﺱﻫﺎ )(class diagram ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺼﺮﯼ ) (visualﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ UMLﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ.
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ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ stereotypeﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺮﻭﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ: -
boundary control entity
ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ : boundaryﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ،ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎ ،ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ...ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.ﻣﺜﻼ ﻨﺠﺮﻩﯼ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﻣﺰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ،ﻳﮏ ﮐﻼﺱ boundary ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ،ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ :ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ usecaseﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ : entityﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ .ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ )(sequence diagram ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ usecaseﻣﺸﺨﺺ ،ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ،ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﮏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﺩ.
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ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ browserﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ usecase viewﺭﻭﯼ ﻧﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ newﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ sequence diagramﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ .ﺭﻭﯼ ﻧﻮﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩﯼ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ.
ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ sequence diagramﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ browserﮐﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﻨﺪﺍﺯﻳﺪ. ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻣﻬﺎ ،ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ( ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺭﺳﺘﯽ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ toolsﺭﻭﯼ optionsﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﻪﯼ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ sequence numbering ﺭﺍ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ okﮐﻨﻴﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ،ﺁﻳﮑﻮﻥ object message ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ.
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ )(collaboration diagram ﻳﮏ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻠﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ .ﺗﺎﮐﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﮑﻪ ﺗﺎﮐﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ،ﻟﻴﻨﮏﻫﺎ ،ﻭﭘﻴﻐﺎﻡﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﺭﮎ ﻭﻓﻬﻢ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ.
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ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ :ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ .ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ browseﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ create collaboration diagramﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ،ﻳﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﺪ F4ﺭﺍ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ. ﻋﮑﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻢ ،ﻳﻌﻨﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ ،ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ )(activity diagram ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ،ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺧﻴﻠﯽ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﻠﻮﭼﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ. ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ،ﻳﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻋﮑﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻳﮏ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ،ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ: -
ﻳﮏ start stateﻭ ﻳﮏ end state
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activityﻫﺎ ،ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ.
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Transitionﻫﺎ ،ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ.
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Decisionﻫﺎ ،ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﯼ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮﯼﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ.
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Synchronization barﻫﺎ :ﮐﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ.
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Swimlaneﻫﺎ :ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ.
ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ، browserﺭﻭﯼ ﻧﻮﺩ usecase viewﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ new > activity diagramﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ .ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ،ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ swimlaneﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻳﮑﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ. Swimlaneﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻡﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﻴﻠﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ،ﻓﺮﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ specification ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ. ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ )(statechart diagram ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﭘﻮﻳﺎﯼ ﮐﻼﺱﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﺍﻧﻔﺮﺍﺩﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺣﺎﻻﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺷﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺭﻭﻳﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﺩ ،ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ. ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ،ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪﯼ ﭼﺮﺧﻪﯼ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻳﮏ ﺷﯽ ،ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ،ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﮑﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ،ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ: -
stateﻫﺎ ) ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻳﮏ ﺷﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ (
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ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ) (startﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ )(end
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ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ )(transitions
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ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎﯼ Do ، Entryﻭ .exit
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ﻧﮑﺘﻪ :ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﻫﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ،ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ،ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ: -
OnEntry OnExit Do OnEvent
ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻳﮏ ﮐﻼﺱ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ browserﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ new statechart diagramﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ.
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ )(component diagram ﻳﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ،ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻮﺭﺱ ﮐﺪ ،ﮐﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﻨﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻳﮏ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺠﺴﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﺪ. ﻧﮑﺘﻪ :ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ componentﺑﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻭﻟﯽ ﻫﺮ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ component ﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻳﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ.
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ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ )(deployment diagram ﻫﺮ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﮏ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﮐﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺨﺖﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ.
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ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ: -۱ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ ﺣﺠﻴﻢ ،ﻣﺪﻝ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ،ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﮐﻼﺱﻫﺎ. -۲ﻣﺪﻝ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ .ﮐﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎ ،ﺭﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻢ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. -۳ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﯽ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ،ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﮐﻼﺱ ،ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ،ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ. -۴ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺪﻝ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ،ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ،ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﮐﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ. -۵ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ. -۶ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﮕﻴﺮﯼ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ.
ﺣﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﺪ ﺩﻟﻔﯽ ،ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻴﻢ: ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ :ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﻭ ﺩﻭ stationﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ .ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﮐﺎﻻﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ. ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﮎ ﻭﻓﻬﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺪﻝ، ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻫﺎﻳﻴﮑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎﻳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ،ﺁﻳﮑﻮﻥ Noteﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﯼ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺧﻂ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﮑﻪﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ .ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻠﻮﻍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮑﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ noteﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
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ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ) ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ( step1.mdl ﺭﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ usecaseﻫﺎ :ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻳﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ،ﺩﺭ usecase viewﻣﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ .ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﯼ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﻳﺪ:
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﯼ ﺩﻭﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ) ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ( step2.mdl ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ،ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ .ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ logical view ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ .ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﮏ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻧﻮﺩ logical viewﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ new > class ،ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
www.ParsBook.org
ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ) ﺑﺎﺯﻳﮕﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ .ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ browserﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﯽ ﺑﻴﻨﺪﺍﺯﻳﻢ .ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ،ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩ .ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻡﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ addﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ .ﻣﺘﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻴﮑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺷﯽ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﮑﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﻴﺮﺩ. ﺑﺮﺍﯼ addﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﮏ ﻣﺘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﮐﻼﺱ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺩﺭ browserﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ new > operationﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ.
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﯼ ﺳﻮﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ) ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ( step3.mdl ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ mainﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻫﺮ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻭ ﺭﻫﺎ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ. ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ strereotypeﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﯼ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ.
www.ParsBook.org
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﯼ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ) ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ( step4.mdl ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﯼ entityﺭﺍ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﯼ ﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﻪﯼ attributeﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ entityﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ .ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﮏ attributeﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﮐﻼﺱ ،ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ new > attributeﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﯼ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ) ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ( step5.mdl ﺩﺭﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﺪ ،ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮐﻠﻴﻪﯼ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ،ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﯼ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻟﺬﺍ ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭﻳﻢ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻣﻬﺎﯼ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻠﻴﻪﯼ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻳﮑﺠﺎ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﮐﻼﺱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ،ﺭﻭﯼ ﻓﻠﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻳﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﮔﻪﻫﺎﯼ Role A Detailﻭﻳﺎ Role B Detailﻣﯽﺭﻭﻳﻢ ،ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﺪ multiplicityﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ. ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﯼ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ:
www.ParsBook.org
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﯼ ﺷﺸﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ) ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ( step6.mdl ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﮏ ﺷﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻳﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ (entityﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ.
www.ParsBook.org
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﯼ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ) ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ( step7.mdl ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ component viewﻣﯽﺭﺳﺪ.ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺳﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺳﻪﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ.
ﺳﭙﺲ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ component diagramﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﻳﻢ )ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ mainﻣﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ،ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻗﺴﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ( ،ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﮐﻼﺱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻳﮏ ﺟﺰ Package specificationﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ. ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﯼ ﻣﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﯼ Client\Serverﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺩﻭ ﺟﺰ Task specificationﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻴﻢ ،ﮐﻪ ﻳﮑﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﯼ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﯽ ﺭﻭﯼ Clientﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ Serverﺍﺳﺖ. ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﯼ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ :
www.ParsBook.org
ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﯼ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ) ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ( step8.mdl ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﮑﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ،ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﯽ ﺭﻭﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎﯼ serverﻭ clientﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ browserﺭﻭﯼ ﻧﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ new > processﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ.
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ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﺪ ﺩﻟﻔﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻋﮑﺲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ: ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺭﻭﯼ componentﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﻭ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ.ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ specificationﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ language ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻟﻔﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ. ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ toolsﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ Ensemble Tools > Rose Delphi Link ...ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ .ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﻭ ﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﯼ ﮐﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﻳﺎ updateﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ،ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ. ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻼ ﻧﺴﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﺪ ،ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ Fileﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ new projectﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ ،ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﺠﺎﯼ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﺎﺭ ،ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﯼ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﻟﻔﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺠﺎﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ، ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ.
ﻧﺤﻮﻩﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ : ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ entityﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺁﻳﻨﺪ..ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﺪ SQLﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ،ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﮏﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ oracle ،SQL Server ، accessﻳﺎ ، ...ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﯼ entityﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ
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persistantﺩﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ،ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﺮﺽ transientﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻫﺮ ﮐﻼﺱ ﺩﻭﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻡ specificationﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﻪﯼ Detailﺑﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﮐﻼﺳﻬﺎﻳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺪ SQLﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ،ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ.ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ tools ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ DDL > Generate codeﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ .ﮐﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﯽﮔﺮﺩﺩ.
ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩﯼ ﮐﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ toolsﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ DDL > Browse DDLﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ.
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ﻧﺤﻮﻩﯼ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ: ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﺪﻟﺘﺎﻥ ) ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ( ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩﯼ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺭﺷﻨﺎﻝ ﺭﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ reeportﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ Documentation report ...ﺭﺍ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﺪ .ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻬﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﯼ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ: ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻮﯼ toolsﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﯼ Web publisher...ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﯼ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﮏ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ htmlﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ،ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ browserﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ .ﻓﺮﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﯼ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ htmlﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﯼ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺴﮑﺖ ﺿﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
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ﻓﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ htmlﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ
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