Felis Historica, May 2022 Volume 2 Number 11 by purrcasso

HARRISON WEIR COLLECTION © A-Cat-Emy Concepts

PUBLISHED BY A-CAT-EMY CONCEPTS for THE HARRISON WEIR COLLECTION EDITOR

John G. Smithson

MAY 2022

VOLUME 2 NUMBER 11

editor@felishistorica.com HISTORY PARTNERS The CFA Foundation COLUMNISTS/CONTRIBUTORS

Karen Lawrence

EDITORIAL The Editor outlines the contents of Felis Historica – Volume 2 No.11

CONTRIBUTING TEAM MEMBERS Gallery of our Team of Columnists, Contributors & Correspondents

Contents

THE MANX BREED - by Joy Yoders Day An Introduction to Ancient Breed by the Breed Council Secretary

SILVER JESSAMINE (1897) - by John Smithson The story of a Chinchilla female sired by Ch. Silver Lambkin.

THE BILLINGSGATE POET – Abridged notes from ‘The Poet of Nature’ A biography of Harrison Weir (1824-1906) - by John Smithson

(Muscat, Oman)

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GENETICS YOU CAN LEARN FROM YOUR CAT! - by Dr. Leslie Lyons The Genetics of the Manx….

Florent Fissot

INTERNATIONAL CELEBRATION GALLERY – THE MANX & THE CYMRIC

GARDENING WITH CATS – Cartoons by Graham Harrop A Cats Guide to the Flower Bed!

THE AMERICAN SHORTHAIR – New Book Release information.

MANX SILVERWING (1899) – by John Smithson An early Silver Tabby Manx Shorthair female

THE DESCENDANTS OF BASTET – by Karen Lawrence. New Book release information…

A PERSIAN RHAPSODY IN BLUE – by John Smithson. New Book release information…

CELEBRATING MODERN DAY LEADING CATS – Our Feature Cats: Manx LH & SH CFA GC, NW BRIAR-MAR ABSOLUTELY FABULOUS CFA GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR ME TOO OF DEYDREAM

90 102

(St. Catharines, Canada)

Lorraine Shelton (California, USA)

Dr. Leslie Lyons (Missouri, USA)

Chloe Chung (Hong Kong)

Laura Vocelle

(Monsegur, France)

Dr. Victor Zaalov (Acre, Israel)

Valerie Sheldrake Feline Historian (Suffolk, UK)

Jamie Christian (Ohio, USA)

PHOTOGRAPHY / GRAPHICS

Helmi & Ken Flick (Florida, USA)

Jack Terry (Florida, USA)

FELIS HISTORICA

Editorial Editorial ’FELIS HISTORICA’ JOHN G. SMITHSON EDITOR

OUR COVER PHOTO Mother Cat and Kittens Illustration by Harrison William Weir from “Harrison Weir’s Pictures of Birds & Other Family Pets” Published by The Religious Tract Society Circa 1877. Photo: Helmi Flick COPYRIGHT ISSN: 2744-4430 National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa © A-CAT-EMY CONCEPTS / FELIS HISTORICA THE HARRISON WEIR COLLECTION No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, screen capture, or otherwise, without prior written permission. No responsibility is accepted for accuracy of advertisements or information. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED www.felis-historica.com www.harrisonweir.com

This May 2022 edition of Felis Historica coincidentally marks the 198th anniversary of the birth of Harrison William Weir – and as I am now also fully engaged in putting together his biography with his bi-centenary in mind, it seems fitting to include in this issue just one of the many stories about the myriad of discoveries that have been uncovered about his life, during more than 15 years of discovery and research. On this occasion I have put together a short article based upon notes for my book ‘The Poet of Nature’, and the subject of it, is ‘The Billingsgate Poet’ about which I will say no more, as you really must read it to appreciate the find and what it means. This find, would not have been possible, without the aid and hospitality of Jon and Jeannine Parfitt when I spent a month on the United Kingdom on a fact-finding tour, in 2017. Sadly, I must report that Jon recently passed away as the result of a tragic accident at home, so this story is in part at least, dedicated to his very role in the discovery of the Billingsgate Poet in the life of Harrison William Weir, one amongst many such finds made during my stay with his family, very few which could have been achieved without his direct assistance. Adieu dearest friend! Our feature Breed this month, is the Manx, and we have both Shorthair and Longhair Manx in the mix. Of course, not all registries around the world register both Shorthairs and Longhairs as Manx, some preferring to call the Longhairs Cymrics. Our Breed gallery this month, allows for this. The feature Shorthair Manx is GC NW Briar-Mar Absolutely Fabulous, bred by Omar Gonzalez and Gary Veach, a stunning Calico who was CFA’s All Breed Kitten of the Year for the 2016/2017 show season. Not only that, but she also went on to produce another Manx Shorthair who similarly claimed the

GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR ME TOO Photo: Chanan

IN CELEBRATION OF

MAY 2022

MANXSHs CATS BRITISH & LHs

the same National win as CFA’s Best Kitten for 2017/2018, in GC NW Briar-Mar Ready Aim Fire! As if that were not enough, in 2018 she then produced in a litter, a Longhair Manx, this time sired by GC, BW, NW Briar-Mar Good To Be Me (CFA’s Cat of the Year 2015/2016), in GC, BW, NW Briar-Mar Me Too, who went on the take out 2nd Best Kitten nationally in 2018/2019. Her story and that of her Longhaired manx son, complete the features on modern-day cats, but the Breed Gallery will delight with images of Manx, both short and longhaired from around the globe, and more from the catteries of Gay Van Weeldon, Omar Gonzalez and Gary Veach, Joy Yoders-Dey and Tuija Aaltonen to name but a few. Our historic cats this month include the early Chinchilla named ‘Silver Jessamine’ born in 1897; and the early Silver Spotted tabby Manx female, named ‘Manx Silverwing’ born in 1899. Our thanks to Breed Chair for the Manx, Joy Yoders-Dey who early on, provides an outline of the Manx as a breed. Dr. Leslie Lyons provides us with another article in her series named “Everything you need to know about Genetics – you can learn from your cat!” This time the subtitle is ‘Tale of the Tails’ – which takes us on a genetics journey touching upon Manx, Japanese Bobtails, Pixiebobs, American Bobtails, Toybobs and the like. We certainly hope there is plenty in this issue for you to enjoy, a special thanks to the breeders and photographers who have contributed to this May edition!

John

EDITOR

Above: CFA GC, NW BRIAR-MAR ABSOLUTELY FABULOUS Calico Manx Shorthair Photo: Chanan

Below: CFA GC, NW BRIAR-MAR PLAYING WITH FIRE Red Classic Tabby & White Manx Shorthair. Photo: Omar Gonzalez

OUR TEAM OF COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTORS

KAREN LAWRENCE

LORRAINE SHELTON

LESLIE A. LYONS Ph. D

ADVERTISING MANAGER advertising@felis-historica.com Director: CFA Foundation, Inc Manager: Feline Historical Museum Co-Editor: The History Project

AUTHOR/LECTURER ‘Robinson’s Genetics for Cat Breeders & Veterinarians’ Director: CFA Foundation, Inc www.wegies.net www.featherland.net

RESEARCHER/COLUMNIST FELINE GENETICS SPECIALIST Prof. of Comparative Medicine Dept. of Vet. Medicine & Surgery University of Missouri

JAMIE CHRISTIAN

CHLOE CHUNG

LAURA A. VOCELLE

WRITER/COLUMNIST TICA INTERNATIONAL JUDGE OF THE YEAR 2016

COLUMNIST/PRESENTER CAT BEHAVIOURALIST/LECTURER CFA ALL BREEDS JUDGE Based in China & Hong Kong

COLUMNIST/AUTHOR FELINE HISTORY & ART HISTORIAN Creator and Founder The Great Cat www.thegreatcat.org

DR. VICTOR ZAALOV

HELMI & KEN FLICK

JACK TERRY

CEO – WORLD GOLDEN CAT

HELMI FLICK CAT PHOTOGRAPHY www.helmiflick.com

‘THE RESTORIAN’ Photo & Graphics Specialist Photo Humourist

President of World Organisation of Cats

OUR TEAM OF INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS

DARRELL NEWKIRK

PAM DELABAR

GAVIN CAO

(CFA, USA)

(CFA, EUROPE)

(CFA, CHINA)

NEVADA, UNITED STATES PRESIDENT CFA

TAMPERE, FINLAND

CFA DIRECTOR, REGION 9

CHENGDU, CHINA CFA CHINA BUSINESS ADVISOR

JOHN HANSSON

CHERYLE U’REN

ANNELIESE HACKMANN

(GCCF, UK)

(CCC of A, AUSTRALIA)

(WCF, EUROPE)

LONDON, ENGLAND PAST CHAIRMAN GCCF

MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA PRESIDENT CCC of A VICE-PRESIDENT WCC

ESSEN, GERMANY PRESIDENT WCF

JOHAN LAMPRECHT

BOB GLEASON

JANE WEBSTER

(SOUTH AFRICA)

(CCA, CANADA)

(NZCF, NEW ZEALAND)

DURBANVILLE, SOUTH AFRICA PRESIDENT, C.A.S.A. (WCF)

LONDON, CANADA CHAIR - CANADIAN CAT ASSOC. LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE

PALMERSTON NORTH, NZ NZCF HISTORIAN

OUR TEAM OF INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS

JUN KOHNO

RUSSELL LAW

CHATE RUENGRUGLIKIT

(CFA, JAPAN)

(CFA, HONG KONG)

(CFA, THAILAND)

TOKYO, JAPAN SEC: MICINA CAT FANCIERS

HONG KONG SEC: UNITED FELINE ODYSSEY

CHAYAPON PUCHAROENYOS

ROBBIE WALKER

BANGKOK, THAILAND SEC: SIAM BLE-EYED CAT FANCIERS

SANDRA ALSUMAIT

(WCF, ASIA)

(ACF, AUSTRALIA)

(CFA, KUWAIT)

BANGKOK, THAILAND CHAIR: WCF DISCIPLINARY COMMISSION

GOLD COAST, QLD, AUSTRALIA PRESIDENT, FCCQ. QLD

KUWAIT CITY, KUWAIT PRESIDENT, K-CATS CLUB

IZADDIN SYAH YUSOF

FARAH DIANA

BAMBI J. EDWARDS (ANCATS, AUSTRALIA)

(CFA, MALAYSIA)

(CFA, INDONESIA)

SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA NAT.SEC: ANCATS AUSTRALIA

KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA CFA INT.DIV. CLERK OF THE YEAR 2016

JAKARTA, INDONESIA RICIMACKA CATTERY

OUR TEAM OF INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS

ELLEN CROCKETT

STEVEN MESERVE

LUIZ PAULO FACCIOLI

(TICA, UNITED STATES)

(TICA, EUROPE SOUTH)

(TICA, SOUTH AMERICA)

PORT TOWNSEND, WA, USA TICA DISTINGUISED JUDGE

VILA DE CUCUJAES, PORTUGAL TICA REGIONAL DIRECTOR

PORT ALEGRE, SOUTH BRAZIL TICA REGIONAL DIRECTOR

LIESBETH VAN MULLEM

EVA PORAT

DONATELLA MASTRANGELO

(TICA, EUROPE NORTH)

(FIFe, SWEDEN)

(FIFe, BELGIUM)

UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS TICA REGIONAL DIRECTOR

OREBRO, SWEDEN PRESIDENT SVERAK, (FIFe)

ROME, ITALY CHAIR: JUDGES & STANDARDS COMM.

STEVEN JONES

JINSON CHOI

LISBETH FALLING

(FIFe, NORWAY)

(CFA, SOUTH KOREA)

(NRR, NORWAY)

STAVANGER, NORWAY SEC: JUDGES & STANDARDS COMM

PAJU-SI, SOUTH KOREA PRES. CAT FANCIERS OF KOREA

OSLO, NORWAY PHOTOGRAPHER/EDITOR - ARISTOKATT

The Manx Breed By Joy Yoders-Dey EDITOR: This INTRODUCTION to the MANX BREED was written by Joy Yoders-Dey, who has served as the Manx Breed Council Secretary for four years. Her ‘Deydream’ Manx cattery was established in 2001, producing since that time, many National, Regional & Breed Winners.

The Manx cat is considered, to be one of the oldest recognised breeds of cats, and although it has always been a minority breed, its long history probably qualifies it to also be considered as a ‘legacy breed’. They are of course, a breed native to the Isle of Man, located in the Irish Sea between England and Ireland, while their developmental history appears to coincide with folklore. It was said, according to Celtic folklore, that the Manx cat was the last of God’s creatures to climb aboard the ark, just making it before Noah slammed shut the door! Or, that perhaps Noah’s dog was the culprit responsible for the loss of the cat’s tail! Also, that the tail-less cat may have fled the ark and swam from Mount Ararat to the Isle of Man. Another tale claims that the Irish of the Vikings stole Manx kittens and used their tales as good luck charms. But they have long been referred to as ‘good luck’ cats.

Backgrounds © wwwGoGraph.com Historical Manx Images © The Harrison Weir Collection

Yet another tale is that the wise mother cats bit off the tails of their kittens; but now, we no longer need to rely of folklore, as geneticists have determined that the lack of a tail occurred as the result of a spontaneous genetic mutation, and that the Manx breed was established due to the genetic nature of the tailless trait and centuries of breeding on an isolated island environment. The Manx cat is by nature a friendly, and both affectionate and loyal companion. They are definitely an easy feline to share your home and life with. There was a famous saying I heard a few years back, which states ‘that the Manx cat may be short on tail, but it is long on personality!’ Manx cats adapt well to most situations that they may be faced with, and are intelligent, sweet and even tempered. This breed forms a long-lasting bond of trust with their humans. They are also playful and

Manx cat exhibited at the Crystal Palace, 1871 Image: The Harrison Weir Collection.

and active, even into their later years. Remember, Manx are exceptional jumpers and quick to react because of their very powerful hindquarters and back legs. Manx are a true working cat and are excellent mousers and just love a good game of fetch. This, is why the Manx, is sometimes referred to as ‘dog-like’.

Manx cat postcard from Douglas, in the Isle of Man c.1860-1870 Image: © The Harrison Weir Collection

Patience is a virtue when it comes to a Manx. They will wait for you, and follow you, in whatever you are involved in, and make it a point to help you out. Manx make great watch-cats and are in tune with their surroundings and environment. They will let you know when someone is at your door before you do. They love children, dogs, and other cats. They will greet visitors at the front door and seem to welcome them into your home. I must say that they enjoy a conversation with their people, and seemlingly willing to hang on every word you say. They can also be, very quiet, watchful, and patient.

First Prize Manx Cat Owned by P. Williams, Esq. ‘Cats’ Their Points & Characteristics (1874) By W. Gordon Stables, M.D., R.N., Image: © The Harrison Weir Collection

‘BUTTERCUP’ – One of the earliest named Manx cats exhibited in the United States, at Boston, March 1880. Illustration from: The Daily Graphic, New York, March 1880. Image © The Harrison Weir Collection.

The Manx cat does not require excessive grooming. They are more often usually low maintenance and would only require at least a good once weekly combing or brushing. Like most other breeds, they also need their nails clipped and ears cleaned on a regular basis. Manx have two coat lengths. The coat length is the only difference between the shorthair and the longhair Manx, which in some registries is known as the ‘Cymric’ (pronounced ‘Kim-Rick’). The shorthaired Manx has a double coat, which is short, dense, hard and glossy. The longhaired Manx also has a double coat, that is medium in length, with breeches

breeches, stomach and neck ruff having longer hair than on the body. It is dense, soft and silky, yet falls smoothly on the body but is still full-bodied. The Manx is a very unique and special breed of cat. They are a solid, sturdy, medium-sized cat, which is often described as round all-over. The ideal Manx cat can be drawn using a series of circles. They have a compact body, short back, with hind legs that are longer than those at the front. Being of substantial boning, they display a wider barrel-like chest, and a greater depth of the flank. A Manx has a round muzzle, is broad-jowled, with round eyes and feet.

Mr. J. M. Thomas’s Brindle Tortie Manx Shorthair. Prizewinner at the Crystal Palace, London, 1880, 1881, 1882. Below: Manx Shorthair at the New York Fanciers Show, Madison Square Garden 1884. Images: Above: Drawn by Harrison Weir, 1889. Below: Harper’s Weekly, January 1884.

Top left corner: Mr. Dobson’s ‘SWEET’ a Tabby Manx female, Prize-winner at the Crystal Palace, 1891. Illustration from ‘The Sketch’, November 7th 1891. Image: © The Harrison Weir Collection.

Manx cats have a very distinct ear set, which, when viewed from behind, forms a cradle or rocker shape, similar to the curved base of a rocking chair. The Manx has four different tail lengths. Tail length is random, therefore you never know what you are going to get until the kittens are born. The tail types are: Dimple Rumpy / Rumpy – No tail at all. Riser / Rumpy Riser – stub of cartilage or several vertebrae under the fur. Stumpy - Partial Tail, more than a riser, but less than a full tail. Tailed / Longy – complete or near complete tail. What originally attracted me to the Manx breed was the fact that they were rare and a minority breed. I thought that they were

were so unique and special due to their lack of tail and sweet face – the fact that they were a natural breed that had been around for centuries, and having an old history surrounded by folklore. Once I acquired my first Manx cat, all of that became true to me and more. All the research I had done, and everything I had read about this breed, was proven beyond doubt to be manifestly true. It was now fact. It goes without saying – and there is no doubt, that you will truly have a faithful friend for life when you adopt a Manx cat. Joy Yoders-Dey Deydream Manx Manx Breed Council Secretary.

One of FOUR Manx exhibits entered at the New York Madison Square Garden Show, in 1895. Possibly Miss Sarah J. Smith’s ‘MAX SMITH’ Leslie’s Weekly, May 1895 © The Harrison Weir Collection.

CHAMPION BONHAKI – World Famous early Silver Classic Tabby Manx Shorthair male born 1897. Bred by Mr. J. Jungbluth. Owned by Mr. & Mrs. H.C. Brooke. Image: ‘Our Cats’ Magazine, February 14, 1900. © The Harrison Weir Collection.

SILVER JESSAMINE – Born May 15th, 1897 Photo: ‘She’ by Landor. © From a period postcard in The Harrison Weir Collection. Article backgrounds © www.gographic.com

AN HISTORICAL PORTRAIT OF

JOHN G. SMITHSON

A Chinchilla female born in 1897, sired by Ch. Silver Lambkin Bred by Mrs. Wellbye and owned by Miss R.A. Packham

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In truth, we know very little about the silver female named ‘Silver Jessamine’, popularised by name as just ‘Jessamine’. Although her litter sister, ‘The Silver Lily’, is arguably the most renown, of all of the progeny from ‘Dossie’ and ‘The Silver Lambkin’, ‘Jessamine’ more than held her own in the popularity stakes with the general public, her portrait appearing on postcards for many years, in varying formats. In this sense, she was the ‘poster girl’ of the family. Along with her full and half siblings, she represented an equal first at the peak of attainment for the Chinchilla breed, at a time when everyone was seriously striving to breed for ‘clarity of coat’, free from barring, the lighter the better. In this respect ‘Silver Jessamine’ fell behind her sister, as she was noticeably more shaded and more barred. But, both she and ‘The Silver Lily’ were prized daughters of an outstanding foundation sire, so their value also lay in their potential as breeders and to produce an improved generation of silvers, that everyone hoped would show promise of even clearer coats, in the quest for what was then, the ‘self silver’.

potential as breeders and to produce an improved generation of silvers, that everyone hoped would show promise of even clearer coats, in the quest for what was then referred to, as the ‘self-silver’. This quest was erroneous in the respect that such a cat does not exist, as all silvers are not self-coloured, but tipped. So in reality, the quest was only a search for a coat free from barring and of the very lightest of shades, essentially with colour restricted to only the very tip of the hair shaft. That the breeders did ultimately achieve this goal, in what was, a very short space of time, is nothing short of remarkable. This was especially so, given the lack of genetic knowledge, and without an understanding of the action of the ‘Inhibitor’ gene. Amazingly, many breeders had begun to realise that the use of smokes in the background

CHAMPION SILVER LAMBKIN

DOSSIE – Dam of ‘Silver Jessamine’

Father of the Chinchilla Silver Persian Variety. Sire of ‘Silver Jessamine’ Photo: US Stud Book & Register, 1906)

Granddaughter of Charlbury Silver King, A full sibling to Ch. Silver Lambkin. Photo: E. Landor. Wrench Series Postcard.

background (which today we know are ‘non-agouti’), helped to clear the coats of barring, inherited initially from the Silver tabby (agouti) background. From when ‘Ch. Silver Lambkin’ was born in 1889, to when the first relatively unbarred specimens started appearing around 1900, then to a time when the ticking was also limited to the very tips and no longer appeared ‘shaded’, was a space of approximately only 20 plus years. During this time also, the allowable eye colour which originally included both ‘green’ and ‘yellow’ eyes, was generally accepted by the majority to be “preferably green”, with the standard for the Chinchilla in time, eventually being amended to only

colour, which originally included both ‘green’ and ‘yellow’ eyes, was generally accepted by the majority to be “preferably green”, with the standard for the Chinchilla in time, eventually being amended to only ‘green’ as acceptable. PARENTAGE & OWNERSHIP ‘Silver Jessamine’ was born 15th May 1897, bred by Mrs Wellbye. Her sire was the timelessly memorable ‘Ch. Silver Lambkin’ owned by Mrs Balding, and her dam was ‘Dossie’, a very modest Chinchilla female owned by Mrs Wellbye and bred by Lady Fitzhardinge.²

SILVER LILY (aka The Silver Lily) by Ch. Silver Lambkin ex Dossie

SILVER MONARCH by Ch. Silver Lambkin ex Dossie

A full sibling to ‘Silver Jessamine’ Studio Photo: M.Muntz © The Harrison Weir Collection.

A full sibling to ‘Silver Jessamine’ Photo: Rapid Classic Series Postcard.

owned by Mrs Wellbye, and bred by Lady Fitzhardinge.²

‘Scotlands Pride’ (aka Fulmer Scotland’s Pride), a full brother to ‘Crystal’. She was a breeder of Blue Persians alongside Miss Frances Simpson from the early 1890’s and in fact, was co-owner with Miss Simpson of ‘Lindfield Bootles’.

We know little about her ownership, other than she is listed in the National Cat Club Register as owned by Miss R. A. Packham, an avid breeder of Silvers and Blues, with access to some of the best lines in the country. There also appears to be no evidence that she was ever transferred from this ownership. Miss Packham, was also at one time, the owner of ‘Silver Charm’ and the blue-eyed white male, ‘Scotlands Pride’ (aka Fulmer Scotland’s Pride), a full brother to ‘Crystal’.

Miss Packham also appears to have used ‘Ch. Silver Lambkin’ while he was standing at stud, so it comes as no surprise that with such established credentials, she was able to purchase a daughter of ‘The Silver Lambkin’ from Mrs Wellbye.²

DOSSIE’S DAUGHTERS Left: A Rotary Photographic Circle Plate Sunk Series Postcard entitled “Dossie’s Daughters’. Right: A Rotary Photographic Series Postcard, entitled “Birdie”.¹² Images courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection.

SIBLINGS & SHOWS Of siblings, ‘Silver Jessamine’ had just one full litter sister, ‘The Silver Lily’, but also a younger full brother in ‘Silver Monarch’ born two years later, and in between these litters, two dam-siblings, sired by ‘The Silver Squire’ (aka ‘The Squire’) which were known as ‘Silver Lotus’ and ‘Silver Veronica’(or St. Veronica). ‘The Silver Lily’ appears to have been the ‘show girl’, popular with breeders and exhibitors, who saw in her, the grace, and clear-coated style, that was the aim of every silver fancier. But while postcards featuring ‘Jessamine’ were aplenty, images of ‘Silver Lily’ by comparison, were non-existent,

every silver fancier. But while postcards featuring ‘Jessamine’ were aplenty, images of ‘Silver Lily’ by comparison, were nonexistent, unless shown as a cute kitten, in conjunction with her equally cute litter sister, usually just subtitled as ‘Dossie’s Daughters’. In the above left photograph, we are shown ‘Dossie’s daughters’ but which? In an alternative pairing of photographed kittens from a later litter to a male called ‘The Silver Squire’, these are always denoted as ‘The Daughters of The Squire’, but in this case, the appellation is just ‘Dossie’s Daughters’.

THE DAUGHTERS OF ‘THE SQUIRE’ & ‘DOSSIE’ – The ‘Dam’ half-siblings of ‘Jessamine’ Left: ‘Silver Lotus’, from Raphael Tuck & Sons, Art Series Postcard. Above right, ‘Silver Veronica’, cropped from a C.W. Faulkner & Co.Series Postcard. Photos by Landor. Images courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection

So, we are inclined to believe that in this case, the above opposite images are likely representative of the baby ‘Jessamine’ and ‘The Silver Lily’. Certainly, the kitten appearing in the photo on the right on the same page is the clearer coated. Comparing the adult photos to the kitten photos, we are therefore inclined to accept that the kitten on the left is ‘Silver Jessamine’ while the kitten on the right is likely to be ‘The Silver Lily’ as a young kitten. In the earlier portraits we see ‘Silver Jessamine’s’ full litter sister, born 15th May, 1897 ,‘The Silver Lily’ and her full younger brother from a repeat breeding, ‘Silver Monarch’, born 1st June, 1899.

1897, ‘The Silver Lily’ and her full younger brother from a repeat breeding, ‘Silver Monarch’, born 1st June, 1899. ‘The Silver Lily’ shows all the highly desirable refinements of the newly emerging breed, with an especially clear-coated face, free of shading or barring, while their younger brother, ‘Silver Monarch’, bears a striking resemblance to their famous sire, displaying the more well-developed, fully rounded expression you would expect to find in a young male. In 1898, Mrs. Wellbye chose to try a new variation

‘The Daughters of The Squire’, noted half-siblings to ‘Silver Jessamine’ and ‘The Silver Lily’, via ‘Dossie’. Coloured image of ‘Silver Lotus’ & ‘Silver Veronica’ from a F. Frith & Co.Ltd Postcard.⁸ Images courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection

variation of a related theme, this time choosing to breed her ‘Dossie’ to another of Mrs. Balding’s males, a son of ‘Ch. Silver Lambkin’ known as ‘The Silver Squire’. This was a move with exceptional foresight, as ‘Silver Squire’ was the product of a half-brother to half-sister mating, doubling on the dam of ‘Ch. Silver Lambkin’ himself. When she had bred ‘Dossie’ directly to ‘Ch. Silver Lambkin’ and produced both ‘Jessamine’ and ‘The Silver Lily’, she had simply doubled on ‘Ch. Silver Lambkin’ s’ dam, through Dossie’s grandsire, ‘Charlbury Silver King’. But by choosing to

Silver King’. But by choosing to breed to ‘Silver Squire’, she was in fact choosing to TRIPLE exclusively on ‘Beauty of Bridgeyate’ From this breeding came two more females and a male, the females being photographed extensively by E. Landor, (Ealing), both as kittens and young cats and who became well known simply as “the daughters of The Squire”. The male was registered as ‘Lucifer’, but although he is listed under Mrs. Wellbye’s name, there are no photographs extant and no records of any progeny from him. Both the females, however, were shown very successfully as attested to by the commentary of Frances Simpson in ‘The Book of the Cat’ (1903) in which she states:

‘SILVER VERONICA’ & ‘SILVER LOTUS’ - from the same sitting entitled ‘IN A PLAYFUL SORT OF WAY’. From a Raphael Tuck & Sons ‘Landor’s Cat Series’ Postcard ¹¹ Image courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection.

of Frances Simpson in ‘The Book of the Cat’ (1903) in which she states: “...which may also be said of those of Mrs. Wellbye, whose ‘Silver Lotus’ and ‘Veronica,’ daughters of ‘Silver Squire’ and ‘Dossie,’ did so much winning in their day”. Of show wins for ‘Silver Jessamine’, we have only those listed at the time of her registration in the Register of the National Cat Club. These were: 1st and Special, Crystal Palace 1897; 3rd Brighton, 1899; 1st, Special, Westminster, 1899.

BREEDING & PROGENY There are currently no records available providing any evidence of progeny from ‘Silver Jessamine’. The delightfully clear matching portraits of ‘Silver Jessamine’ on the next page, are from the same image by E. Landor, which has been reproduced in many and varying formats, in both black and white, and hand coloured as shown here. Another very popular version was a black and white version in a circular frame, named ‘Jessamine’, which along with the others images may still be purchased secondhand by collectors, to this day. How fascinating it is however, to see the colour interpretation, with the highly sought after green eyes, clear mascara and brick

‘Silver Jessamine’ (aka ‘Jessamine’) Above left: ‘Silver Jessamine’, from a Rotary Photographic Plate Sunk Gem Series Postcard ¹ Above right: Cropped Photo by Landor, from The Milton ‘Glazette’ Series Postcard, Woolston Bros, London.⁹ Images courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection

may still be purchased second-hand by collectors, to this day. How fascinating it is however, to see the colour interpretation, with the highly sought-after green eyes, clear mascara and brick-red nose leather. Many exceptional historic photos of cats from the past are literally in plain sight, but to find and identify the cats in them just takes a little time and effort, comparing images of named cats in publications to unnamed cats on postcards. All that is needed is a little time and effort. John G. Smithson

References: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Rotary Photographic Plate Sunk Gem Series Postcard. ‘The National Cat Club Register’. Rotary Photographic Circle Plate Sunk Series Postcard. Studio Photograph by W. Muntz, Southport. Rapid Photo, ‘Classic Series’ Postcard. Raphael Tuck & Sons, Art Series Postcard. C.W.Faulkner Series Postcard F.Frith & Co.Ltd Postcard. The Milton ‘Glazette’ Series Postcard. ‘The Princess and The Butterfly’ undated and noncredited Postcard. 11. Raphael Tuck & Sons ‘Landor’s Cat Studies’ Postcard. 12. Rotary Photographic Series Postcard entitled ‘Birdie’. 13. Photos and Quotations as per credits noted.

John G. Smithson

‘SILVER JESSAMINE’ From a uncredited postcard photo, probably by E. Landor, entitled ‘ The Princess and the Butterfly’ Image courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection.

The Harrison Weir Collection

Cropped portion from ‘LEISURE HOUR AT THE SMITHY’ – watercolour by HARRISON WEIR Taken from the original painting, courtesy of a Private Collection. Photo: Jeannine Parfitt.

The Harrison Weir Collection

The Billingsgate Poet Abridged from notes for ‘The Poet of Nature’ – a biography of Harrison William Weir by John G. Smithson After more than a decade collecting historical material for a planned biography of British listed artist Harrison William Weir, I found myself planning a trip to the United Kingdom, that would see me conduct research in that country for a solid month, with planned trips to Oxford, and the Bodleian Library; to London, (multiple times) including a trip to the Victoria and Albert Museum; to Lewes, in East Sussex; to Woburn Abbey; to Suffolk; to Cambridge; to the Malvern Hills; to Hay-onWye; through to Wales; then back to Oxford before heading back home to New Zealand.

It would be fair to say that I had only known them for a relatively short time, possibly a little more than a year or two at most, and that only by communicating via the internet, by email, and through social media and then closer to the time, by telephone.

Each of these planned excursions were with pre-arranged visits to meet specific individuals who could connect me with, or introduce me to the work of, or in regard to, the life of Harrison William Weir - his art, his letters, the place of his birth and his later places of abode.

Pre-arranged visits had be booked with the archivists at Woburn Abbey for the following Monday, where I would be delving into the history of early Siamese cats owned by Her Grace, Mary, a former Duchess of Bedford, who was also President of the National Cat Club; then later in the week, a trip to the Town Clerk and Mayor of Lewes, the town in Sussex which was the birthplace of Harrison Weir.

To say the very least, it was a truly memorable journey, during which there were many astonishing moments and coincidences of which this story is but one. My key hosts during this time, were Jeannine and Jon Parfitt, who at that time lived on the outskirts of Oxford, were cat fanciers and Oxford graduates, who knew their way around that fair and historic city and the surrounding Oxfordshire countryside.

They came to London to collect me from Heathrow (where I had landed after a long journey comprising two legs, and more than 28 hours – beginning with a direct 17.5 hour flight from Auckland to Doha; a roughly 2 to 3 hour layover, and then another 7 hour second leg on to London.

Our dedicated ‘driver’ was of course, the much-loved recently departed Jon Parfitt, so these memories are naturally tinged with much sadness, but also with the joy of knowing, what a blessing it was to have the had the benefit of his time and kindnesses, memories which will last for years to come.

The Harrison Weir Collection

Street Scenes in the Town of Lewes, in Sussex. Left: The White Hart Hotel in the Main Street. Right: The Old Bank, just a few doors up, above which, Harrison Weir was born in 1824. Photos: Jeannine Parfitt. The story of the discovery of the links with the ‘Billingsgate Poet’ and Harrison Weir had its early beginnings with our pre-planned trip to Lewes, and the engagement I had with the Lewes History Group, to provide an evening seminar for its members and the public, that evening in Lewes. But first, Jeannine Parfitt and I had a morning meeting booked first with the Town Clerk, and then with the Mayor. Prior to that, we arranged to photograph the places of interest in Lewes, including the above pictures showing the birthplace of Harrison Weir in relation to the other buildings in the main street. We also visited the local church, with Jon and Corin, to discover other artifacts related to Harrison Weir’s relatives. We returned in the afternoon to spend time with Mayor Graham Mayhew, and to obtain images

images of the Silver Plate donated to the Town of Lewes, including the famous Silver Tankard presented to Harrison Weir by the Crystal Palace Company in July 1871, upon the unmatched success of the first Crystal Palace Cat Show; but also the Silver Tankard he won in 1856 for the Best Toy Pigeons – and subsequently presented in honour of his late brother, entymologist John Jenner Weir, to the Town of Lewes in 1894. Lastly, the Harrison Weir Memorial bowl, presented to him by Cat Fanciers in 1901, to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the first Crystal Palace Cat show. Handling and photographing these tangible treasures from the life of Harrison Weir was a truly amazing experience and an incredible insight into his personal life and memorable objects related feline social history.

The Harrison Weir Collection

Above: The Jenner Weir Tankard, The Harrison Weir Memorial Bowl, and The Crystal Palace Tankard. Below: John Smithson holding the Crystal Palace Tankard, Jeannine Parfitt holding the Harrison Weir Memorial Bowl. Photos: Jeannine Parfitt and John Smithson.

The Harrison Weir Collection

Presentation to the Lewes History Group on the Life and Works of local son, Harrison William Weir. Photos: Jeannine Parfitt. The next item on our heavy schedule for that day was to make a presentation that evening to the Lewes History Group, at their monthly meeting. Around 170 people turned up to hear the presentation, and Jeannine and I set up a couple of tables at the back of the modern hall of items related to the life and work of their local Lewes son, and after introductions, I presented a Powerpoint show; which was duly followed by an open forum of questions and answers and an opportunity for commentary. Guests then mingled and I had some intriguing questions put to me by individuals over very much-appreciated refreshments. Our big day, concluded, Jon drove us all home to Oxford, for a very well-earned rest!

Over the days that followed, we planned other excursions, which included a trip to London to visit with cat fanciers, and to the Victoria and Albert Museum, where I had a prior appointment with one of the archivists, and a time allotted to me and Jeannine, to review material in one of their delegated reading and research rooms. In between, while still located in Oxford, we fielded calls from folk who had attended the seminar in Lewes. Prior to this Jeannine had asked me, that if I were able to find ONE original of Harrison Weir’s known body of work, what would that be? …to which I immediately rejoined that it would be “the beautiful painting published in the Illustrated London News, in 1859 which ha ‘Leisyre Hour at the Smithy.

The Harrison Weir Collection

‘Leisure Hour at the Smithy’ by Harrison Weir. – Exhibited at the New Watercolour Society. Engraving published in the Illustrated London News, August 13th, 1859.

‘L’heure de repos a la forge du marechal ferrant’ Gravure published in the French periodical Album of the Epoque, February 9th, 1860 Original Period Print Images © The Harrison Weir Collection

The Harrison Weir Collection

Original watercolour Painting of ‘Leisure Hour at the Smithy’ (1859) by Harrison Weir. Photo: one of a series taken by Jeannine Parfitt for The Harrison Weir Collection. entitled ‘Leisure Hour at the Smithy’”. Of course, I had no real expectations that that would even be possible, but it was a thought that had crossed my mind before leaving New Zealand on my epic search for his unknown and/or missing works. You can then imagine my surprise, when I fielded a telephone call while in Oxford, from a lady who had attended the presentation in Lewes, who proceeded to inform me that she had a friend in Cambridgeshire, who owned a Harrison Weir original, and would I possible be able to assist her friend to identify it and to provide some history surrounding it. I said I was delighted to attempt to be of help, but could she ask her friend to take a picture or two

or two of the painting with her cell-phone camera and to forward them to me. This she did, and to my utter disbelief, the first images arrived within the hour and I could hardly believe what I saw, the easily identifiable image of the original painting that I had thought impossible to find. It was a very surreal moment. Naturally, I immediately got in touch with the owner, making arrangements to fit in a flying visit to view the painting on route to view another rediscovered original situated to the north of the same district. I was also in the position to provide the owner with an original engraving of her painting published in the Illustrated London News in 1859.

The Harrison Weir Collection

Letter written by Harrison Weir, dated November 1859 in which he reveals his friendship with the young poet, John George Watts, and poet neighbour Eliza Cook and the name of the recipient of the original painting – Mr. Wall Esq, possibly a well-respected critic of the arts. Image courtesy of the owners.

The Harrison Weir Collection But I was not prepared for what we would find. Upon viewing the painting for the first time, I was impressed firstly by the intensity and distinct clarity of the colours, which had not dimmed over the 158 years. I should not have been surprised, as I have another original by the same artist which was painted in 1846, which is also vivid and in perfect condition. Although the painting had been remounted into a more modern frame, it was in fabulous condition. What I then discovered was that it came with a letter, a letter written by Harrison Weir no less, dated November 1859, some months after the painting had been originally exhibited at the New Watercolour Society, and an engraving of it published in the August 13th edition of the Illustrated London News. The letter was invaluable, as it not only gave us critical information on the reason for Harrison undertaking to paint it in the first place, but it also shed new light on his friendship with a young poet named John George Watts, of whom so little is known, other than that he was from a working class background, and that he worked as a porter and business owner in the well-known fish-market at Billingsgate wharf. He was an English-born poet, editor and children’s book writer, which would probably explain how he became known to Weir, who frequently illustrated animals specifically for books published for children. Let us review the content of the letter, which reveals much about the painting: Lyndhurst Road, Peckham SE Nov; 1859 Mr dear Wall, John George Watts the celebrated Billingsgate Poet called on me a few days ago just as I was going with my horse to be shod, he (the horse) having no hind shoes (worth mentioning) I could not delay taking him. I

(the horse) having no hind shoes (worth mentioning) I could not delay taking him. I therefore asked the Poet to accompany me to the Smithy, the same which gave me the idea of painting one, and the one which you possess when then, I, being somewhat of a poet, was struck with the poetry of the place. In a few words, Watts also saw its story, and said he would write a poem on it if I would do an illustration and both to appear in ‘Everybody’s Journal’, the bargain was as the accompanying number of the aforesaid Journal doth testify. We both leave ourselves in your hands, trusting that your criticism on each will be tempered with the same good nature as regards the faults of others, that has always distinguished you. By way of assistance if I may offer any, to discover the merits of the poem and drawing (if any) I will give you the words of that truthful Poetess Eliza Cook, she said, “That both pleased her so much that she did not know which she liked best”. Of course, both must mean Watts and myself, for I cannot find any beauty in my drawing, nor can Watts in his poem. Still, I venture to submit my drawing and his poem to your attention, and trust you will still consider me your sincere friend, Harrison Weir. When I had had time to assimilate the contents of the letter in its entirety, I began to research the young poet, whom Weir had unilaterally described as the ‘celebrated Billingsgate poet’. And although nothing other than a cursory biographical sketch could be found online, I was able to gain access and ownership of some of his published works, which ultimately revealed a great deal more about his friendship with Weir. I was already acutely aware of the other poet named in this letter, as Eliza Cook, lived opposite Weir on Lyndhurst Road, and he had provided

The Harrison Weir Collection

Left: Poetess and lyricist, Eliza Cook, who lived opposite Harrison Weir, in Lyndhurst Rd, Peckham. Right: Two houses in modern-day London, one of which was occupied by Eliza Cook. Portrait of Eliza Cook engraved by F. Holl, from a photograph by John Watkins. House photos: by Anne Wilkinson. provided illustrations for some of her bestknown published poetical works.

Lays and Lyrics, produced by W. Kent & Co, of Paternoster Row, London.

But finding expanded historical material, a photo or an engraving of a likeness of the young Billingsgate Poet, proved difficult, if not downright impossible, so I began collating his works and began reading them. Among them were poems about a young artist which I fancied may have been his musing about a young Weir; just as I had found similar references to an older artist in the works of Eliza Cook, that could also have been referencing her friendship with Weir.

A key element in this publication is its unique dedication, which reads:

Very much to my satisfaction, I finally found evidence of Watt’s and Weir’s lasting friendship in his works, but specifically in a book of poems published in 1861, entitled “FUN, FEELING & FANCY”, being a series of Lays and Lyrics, produced by W. Kent & Co, of Paternoster Row, London.

To HARRISON WEIR, Esq., from friendly intercourse with whom I have derived many advantages this little book is inscribed. Such a touching tribute to his supporter and admirer, was the clear evidence of their enduring friendship that I had been looking for, and which was now also firmly supported in the story provided in the letter to Mr. Wall Esg., about the production of the painting of Smithy’s premises.

The Harrison Weir Collection

Study of a horse’s head from ‘Leisure Hour at the Smithy’ (1859) by Harrison Weir, Could this have been Harrison Weir’s own horse? Brought in to be shod that day? Photo: Jeannine Parfitt. Although Weir mentions the periodical ‘Everybody’s Journal’, to date I have not been able to locate a copy, let alone the one which clearly features both Weir’s painting and John George Watts missing poem! But that is an ongoing mission, as to find this missing poem from the celebrated ‘Billingsgate Poet’ would please me immensely. Who would have thought that a presentation on Weir given at Lewes, would result in a phone call about this amazing missing painting! At least one part of the mission to find and preserve the history of Weir’s work has been unexpectedly accomplished, thanks to the generosity of the owner of the painting, and my exceptional hosts, Jon and Jean Parfitt.

Harrison Weir’s signature and date on ‘Leisure Hour at the Smithy’ (1959) Photo: Jeannine Parfitt

The Harrison Weir Collection

Studies from ‘Leisure Hour at the Smithy’ (1859) by Harrison Weir Above: Fantail pigeons and horseshoes hanging over the wooden tool-box. Below left: The Smithy’s anvil, Below Right: Pigeons underneath the horses. Photos: Jeannine Parfitt.

Everything you need to know about Genetics… You can learn from your Cat! BY

DR. LESLIE LYONS

College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri

Cat breed morphological traits – TALE OF THE TAILS! Tale of the tails!

Body size, shape and conformation tend to make cats within the family Felidae unique and different. Using just a sketched outline of a lion, tiger, puma, bobcat or domestic cat, one can identify which cat is which. For many cat breeds, but not all, if we painted them all white, we can still delineate Persians from Siamese, British shorthairs from a korat. Overall, changes to body conformation take generations of selection by the breeder, selecting for cats that make their lines unique and distinctive while fitting the registry standards and winning the approval of the judges.

Backgrounds © www.gographic.com

EDITOR: This is the Twenty-third article in a series based on feline genetics by Dr Leslie Lyons published in FELIS HISTORICA during the 2020/2022 period

Article Graphics ©www.gograph.com

However, some conformation changes are caused by a single gene in which the DNA variant causes a very distinct alteration as compared to normal, the wildtype. Such is the case for at least five morphological traits in cats, including tailless (anury), bobtail (brachury), extra toes (polydactyla), folded ears (ventral-folded pinnae) and curled ears (dorsal-folded pinnae). Most of the ear and tail variants are unique to specific breeds of cats, making their morphological variants breed defining traits. This issue will focus on the tale of the tails!

Manx - tailless The Manx is one of the oldest cat breeds and has its origins from the Isle of Man. This breed is highly genetic diverse, on par with many other random bred populations around the world.1

Thus, genetically, normal tailed (long tailed) Manx cats will often have the same genetics of cats from western Europe and are actually difficult to genetically determine as a specific breed.

THRUMUSKAYT ASTRAL DREADNAUGHT Blue Manx Shorthair Desexed Male – Bred by Victoria Skinner & Hamish Martin Photo: Lily Francis

Manx cats have had slow, deliberate selection for their overall body conformation, but their tail is their most distinctive quality. Random bred cats on the Isle of Man have a natural DNA variant (mutation) that causes some cats to have no tail (anury) or a shortened tail (brachyury). The locus causing the taillessness is called T (for tail) and the gene now associated with this locus is call T-box transcription factor 1 (TBX1).2 Four different DNA mutations within TBX1 are associated with taillessness of the Manx cat breed. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri

Each of the four mutations can cause taillessness in the Manx, however, two of the DNA variants are more common than the other two variants.2 The tailless trait is an autosomal dominant with variable expression.3,4 Thus, only one copy of any of the four DNA mutations will cause a short or no tail.

THRUMUSKAYT CAPTAIN NEMO Brown Tabby Bicolour Desexed Manx Shorthair male – Bred by Victoria Skinner & Hamish Martin & owned by Lily Francis Photo: Lily Francis

EDITOR: This is the Twenty-third article in a series based on feline genetics by Dr Leslie Lyons published in FELIS HISTORICA during the 2020/2022 period

No detailed research has been conducted to determine if any of the four tailless DNA variants cause more, or less loss, of caudal (tail) vertebrae. Unfortunately, when two copies of the DNA variants causing taillessness are present, either as one variant being homozygous or a cat having one copy of two different DNA mutations, the early embryos cannot develop and the kittens die in the womb, in utero, and these kittens are never born.3,4 Thus, when breeding two tailless cats together, the litter sizes may be smaller due to the embryonic loss. The tailless presentation is highly variable5 and has led to the definition of different tail types/terms for Manx, including: - Rumpy – having no tail at all, though often a tuft of hair where the tail would have grown from the rump. - Rumpy riser – having a single caudal vertebrae or bit of cartilage at the base of the spine, which can be flexible - Stumpy – having a partial tail of fused vertebrae, generally very short.

BOINDEBEEL GUARDIAN OF THE SEAS Black Tortie Classic Tabby Bicolor Manx Shorthair female – Rumpy riser Bred by Debbie Munro & owned by Victoria Skinner Photo: Lily Francis

- Stubby or short-tailed – having a short tail of non-fused vertebrae, up to approximately half a normal cat tail length - Longy or tailed - a half to normal length tail. (Ed: Isle of Man) Unfortunately, rumpy cats have problems associated with the tailless condition such as spina bifida (open spinal cord), urinary and fecal incontinence and lameness of the pelvic limbs that are likely problems due to improper spinal cord development and malformation of the nerves that generally pass through the vertebrae to the different organs and muscles, such as the bladder, the lower intestinal track and the hind limbs.6-9 College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri

These issues are collectively known as “Manx Syndrome” and are directly related to the DNA mutations in TBX1.10 Breeders should conduct DNA testing on their Manx cats to determine the mutation present to help make a clearer association of the specific TBX1 mutation and the health problems the specific mutation can cause. .

NUDAWNZ OMOIDAISU – Brown Spotted Tabby/White Japanese Bobtail. Breeder/Owner: SJLK Friemoth – J Gallion. Photo: L. Friemoth

Any breed harboring the TBX1 DNA variants will have the same type of Manx Syndrome health problems. Some individual cats of the Pixiebob breed have been shown to have the Manx tailless mutations, while other Pixiebobs and other breeds have a different DNA variant in a different gene, which is found in Japanese bobtails.2 EDITOR: This is the Twenty-third article in a series based on feline genetics by Dr Leslie Lyons published in FELIS HISTORICA during the 2020/2022 period

Japanese Bobtail – bobbed tail A second gene in cats is associated with different type of tail conformation, the bobbed tail of the Japanese bobtail breed.11,12 The Japanese bobtail is an interesting breed in that the tail is clearly documented in ancient Asian culture, but the genetics of the breed matches more like a western cat breed.13 A hallmark of the tail conformation in Japanese bobtail is the kinks. The tail vertebrae do not form normally and some vertebrae will only partially form, producing hemi-vertebrae.14

CFA GC NUDAWNZ AOI AWAI YURI Dilute Mike Japanese Bobtail Shorthair (Blue Eyed) Breeder/Owner/Photographer: Lorna Dawn Friemoth

Each hemi-vertebrae causes a kink in the tail, causing the tail to twist in a circle. The gene called HES7 (hairy and enhancer of split family of bHLH transcription factors) has one mutation that causes the autosomal dominant presentation of the bobbed tail.11,12 Unlike the TBX1 mutations for the Manx, two copies of the HES7 variant tends to cause more kinks, but - does not lead to any known health concerns. The HES7 mutation also has variable expression. One or two copies of the mutation can cause a perfect “pom” for a Japanese bobtail, while some cats can have short tails with one kink or a nearly normal tail with a very minor kink. Interestingly, this mutation also causes the cat to have one less vertebra in their back! However, the cats seem to be of normal body length and the one less vertebra in the back does not cause any health issue. Cats that are homozygous for the HES7 are more likely to have the perfect “pom”, but their variation can overlap with the variation seen in a cat with one copy of the HES7 variant. The variation in the Japanese bobtail tail could also easily be mistaken for the stubby tail type of the Manx breed. Breeders may need to genotype their cats to determine if one or two copies of the HES7 variant are present. The HES7 variant is also the variant found in Kurilian bobtails and in some Pixiebob cats.

American Bobtails, Toybob and Highlanders But HES7 and TBX1 is not the end of the tale for cat tails! EDITOR: This is the Twenty-third article in a series based on feline genetics by Dr Leslie Lyons published in FELIS HISTORICA during the 2020/2022 period

Each time a new DNA variant for tail morphology is identified, generally, all the different cat breeds with different tail types are also tested for the same mutations and scanned for different variants within the same gene. Three cat breeds, American Bobtails, Toybobs and some Highlanders have been shown to have short tails that are not caused by TBX1 or HES7 variants,2,11,12 thus, at least one more gene and mutation, must be present to cause all the known tail types.Other health concerns have not been reported within these cat breeds, however, closer investigations may be necessary as the tail mutations are identified.

SEAL LYNXPOINT AMERICAN BOBTAIL LONGHAIR FEMALE Shelbie Cattery Breeder/Owners/Photographer: Shelby & John Friemoth

My laboratory is actively engaged in a project to define the tail type in Toybobs. Once we have candidate DNA variants, we will also test them in Highlanders and American Bobtails that are confirmed to not have the TBX1 or HES7 variants. Kinked tails in Thai cats are also an ongoing project and may represent yet another gene and mutation associated with cat tail types. Note, we still need to make sure that all the cats in the study do not have the known mutations in TBX1 and HES7 and don’t have tails that have been purposely or accidentally docked. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri

Also, some cats could have a sporadically kinked tail, just something that happened in the womb. So, we try to focus on studies in which the kinked tails clearly have a known mode of inheritance, such as dominant, recessive, or maybe even sexlinked.

CREAM MACKEREL TABBY AMERICAN BOBTAIL SHORTHAIR MALE Shelbie Cattery Breeder/Owners/Photographer: Shelby & John Friemoth

Summary The tail of cat tails is complex, several genes can cause the same phenotype (disease / phenotypic heterogeneity) and the mutation can cause different tail types and lengths (variable expression). EDITOR: This is the Twenty-third article in a series based on feline genetics by Dr Leslie Lyons published in FELIS HISTORICA during the 2020/2022 period

Some cats could have such a normal looking tail and a kink may be absent or missed, causing the concern for reduced penetrance. Both the Manx and Japanese bobtail genes have plieotrophic effects, thus affecting other tissues within the cat. While Japanese bobtails have one DNA mutation, Manx can have one of four mutations, thus, could be compound heterozygotes, leading to loss of the kittens in utero. Genetic testing is encouraged so the breeder knows the tale of their cat tails!

NUDAWNZ KIMIRU BLUE TABBY AND WHITE JAPANESE BOBTAIL (Odd-Eyed) Breeder/Owners/Photographer: Lorna Dawn Friemoth

Further studies could help determine if all Manx mutations cause the Manx syndrome. Wouldn’t it be wonderful to have taillessness Manx, without health concerns – only the breeders can help solve this mystery! References

College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri

1. Lipinski MJ, et al., Genomics. 2008 Jan;91(1):12-21. 2. Buckingham KJ, et al., Mamm Genome. 2013 Oct;24(9-10):400-8. doi: 10.1007/s00335-013-9471-1. 3. Todd NB. J Hered. 1964 Sep-Oct;55:225-30. 4. Robinson R. J Hered. 1993 May-Jun;84(3):170-2. 5. Howell JM, Siegel PB. J Hered. 1963 Jul-Aug;54:167-9. 6. Howell JM, Siegel PB. J Hered. 1966 May-Jun;57(3):100-4. 7. James CC, Lassman LP, Tomlinson BE. J Pathol. 1969 Feb;97(2):269-76. 8. Tomlinson BE. J Clin Pathol. 1971 Jul;24(5):480 9. Leipold HW, et al., J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1974 Mar 1;164(5):520-3. 10. Deforest ME, Basrur PK. Can Vet J. 1979 Nov;20(11):304-14. 11. Lyons LA, et al., BMC Genomics. 2016 Mar 31;17:265. 12. Xu X, et al., Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 25;6:31583. 13. Clutterbuck, MR. The Legend of Siamese cats., White Lotus Co Ltd; 1999. 14. Pollard RE, et al., J Feline Med Surg. 2015 Aug;17(8):719-26.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’ AN INTRODUCTION TO THE GALLERY OF MANX & CYMRIC CATS In the following pages we share with you some photographs of both modern-day and historical Manx cats, shorthaired and longhaired. While in CFA the two are known as Manx Shorthair and Longhair, in several associations, they are also known as ‘Manx’ and ‘Cymric’. The photos include images of numerous CFA National winning cats, as well as cats from Europe and the South Pacific. Below, we provide an image of Int. Ch. Ginger of Manx of Glen Orry (Imp. Den.) Born on the Isle of Man, in January 1933, bred by Herr C.W. Urban, He was exported to Denmark and shown extensively and successfully in Europe before being imported into the United States by Misses Ruth and Ellen Carlson. He remains one of the most highly acclaimed Manx cats dating from the 1930’/1940’s. Photo is from ALL CATS Magazine, 1940 courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection. Special thanks to Omar Gonzalez, Gary Veach, Joy Yoders-Dey, Tuija Aaltonen, Vicki Skinner, Lily Francis and photographers Chanan, Marika Lahti, St. Arnaud, and others, for the use of their photographs.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

GC, BWR, NW DEYDREAM SAY YES TO THE DRESS – 5th Best Kitten, Best of Breed SH Manx 2021/2022 Breeder/Owners: Erin & Joy Dey. Photo by Chanan.

GC, NW, GP DEYDREAM HIGH HOPES – Black & White Manx Shorthair male Breeder/Owners: Erin & Joy Dey. Photo by St. Arnaud. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

GC BWR RW BRIAR-MAR JOHNNY ON THE SPOT (Imp. USA) Best Manx, Region 9, 10th Best Cat 2016/2017 Bred by Omar Gonzalez/Gary Veach and owned by Tuija Aaltonen. Photos: Marika Lahti All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’ .

Above: TOUCHANT GOUTTE DESPRANCE – Dilute Calico bred by Tuija Aaltonen. Below: TOUCHANT VALENTINE CHALEREUS – Red Classic Tabby – bred by Tuija Aaltonen. Photos: Marika Lahti All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

BR. DB. GR.PR. BOINDEBEEL POPPY – Red Tabby Cymric Spay – 10th Best NZCF SHNS Cat 2021 Breeder: Debbie Munro. Owners: Vicki Skinner/Hamish Martin. Photos: Above with Judge Diane Davidson by Vikki Skinner. Below: Hamish Martin. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

TOUCHANT SANS LA QUEUE – Calico Manx Longhair Breeder/Owner: Tuija Aaltonen Photos: Marika Lahti All content © 2022 Felis The Harrisonby Weir Collection & Lap The CFA Foundation, Inc. BredHistorica, and photographed Alex Luk Chun

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above/Below right: MISTYSRPINGS UKELELE PARTY OF TA (Imp.) Bred by Gay Van Weeldon. Owner: Tuija Aaltonen. Below left: TOUCHANT SANS LA QUEUE Photos: Marika Lahti. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above: GC, BWR, NW MISTYSPRINGS CHICAGO FIRE – Red Classic Tabby Manx SH male. Below: His son, GC, NW BRIAR-MAR CATCHING FIRE – 5th Best Kitten Nationally & Best Kitten NAR 2013/2014. Photos by Chanan. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above: A daughter, - GC, NW BRIAR-MAR THAT’S HOT – 3rd Best Kitten Nationally, Best Kitten NAR 2015/2016 Below: Another daughter, - GC, NW BRIAR-MAR PLAYING WITH FIRE – 3rd Best Kitten Nationally, & Best Kitten NAR 2016/2017. Photos by Chanan. Photos: Helmi Flick Cat Photography All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above: GC, NW KIOMICHI’S MARGO OF BRIAR-MAR DM – 6th Best Kitten, NAR Best Kitten 2011/2012 Dam of Below: GC, NW BRIAR-MAR OH HAPPY DEY! – 3rd Best Kitten, NAR Best Kitten 2014/2015 Photos by Chanan. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

And dam of Above: GP BRIAR-MAR ODD MAN OUT – One Show Grand Premier. And dam of Below: GC, NW BRIAR-MAR THAT’S HOT – 3rd Best Kitten, NAR Best Kitten 2015/2016 Photos by Chanan. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above: GC, BW, RW SLIEAU’S SIMON SAYS OF BRIAR-MAR – BEST MANX 2009/2010 NAR 10th Best Cat. Sire of Below: GP, RW BRIAR-MAR PRIMROSE OF DAYDREAM – NAR 10th Best Premier, LH Manx. Littermate to ‘Mockingjay’ & ‘Manny’. Photos by Chanan. Photos: Courtesy of Mike Nelson All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

And sire of Above: GC, NW BRIAR-MAR ALL ABOUT THAT BASS – 4th Best Kitten Nationally, 2016. Below: GC, RW, GP, NW BRIAR-MAR MOCKINGJAY OF DEYDREAM – PREMIERSHIP CAT OF THE YEAR 2018/2019. NAR – Best Cat in Premiership 2018; Best of the Best, World Show, 2018. Photos by Chanan. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above: GC, BWR, NW BRIAR-MAR HELLUVA BOTTOM CARTER – 3rd Best Kitten, NAR 2nd Best Kitten, Best Manx SH, 2018/2019. Below: GC, BW, NW MISTYSPRINGS ARCTIC STORM – Best Manx & CFA CAT OF THE YEAR 2019/2020. Bred by Gay Van Weeldon, Owned by Van Weeldon/ Gonzalez/Veach. Photos by Chanan. . All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above: BRIAR-MAR SKIES THE LIMIT – littermate to GC Briar-Mar Playing With Fire. Below: GC BRIAR-MAR BLUE EYED SOUL (Son of GC BW RW Slieau’s Simon Sayz of Briar-Mar) Photos -Above: Omar Gonzalez. Below: by Chanan. All All content content © © 2022 2022 Felis Felis Historica, Historica, The The Harrison HarrisonWeir WeirCollection Collection&& The The CFA CFA Foundation, Foundation, Inc. Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

REBUSS GIALDIN TAURANGI (Imp. Aust) Black and White ‘Isle of Man Longhair’ – (Tailed Manx LH/Tailed Cymric) Breeder: Rebecca Kuss. Owners: Vikki Skinner/Hamish Martin. Photo: Catherine Holmes All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

REBUSS GIALDIN TAURANGI (Imp. Aust) Black and White ‘Isle of Man Longhair’ – (Tailed Manx LH/Tailed Cymric) Breeder: Rebecca Kuss. Owners: Vikki Skinner/Hamish Martin. Photos: Catherine Holmes All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above: THRUMUSKAYT HEART OF IRON – 3rd Best SH Kitten NZ Nationally. R/up Best Kitten National Ring 2021. Bred and owned by Vikki Skinner/Hamish Martin. Below: Ch. BOINDABEEL HYACINTH – Bred by Debbie Munro. Owners: Vikki Skinner/Hamish Martin. Photos – Above: Catherine Holmes. Below: Vikki Skinner. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

Above: BOINDEBEEL APHRODITE – Bred by Debbie Munro. Owners: Vikki Skinner/Hamish Martin. Below: Ch. BOINDEBEEL DAQURY – Bred by Debbie Munro. Owners: Vikki Skinner/Hamish Martin. Photos – Above: Vikki Skinner. Below: Alicia Scott. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR GOOD TO BE ME – CFA CAT OF THE YEAR 2015/2016 Bred and owned by Omar Gonzalez & Gary Veach. Above with CFA All Breed Judge Sharon Roy. Photos: Courtesy of Omar Gonzalez. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GALLERY OF ‘MANX & CYMRIC’

GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR GOOD TO BE ME – CFA CAT OF THE YEAR 2015/2016 Bred by owned by Omar Gonzalez & Gary Veach. Below with CFA All Breed Judge Sharon Roy. Photos – Above: by Chanan. Below: Courtesy of Omar Gonzalez. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

MANX SILVERWING Silver Tabby Manx Shorthair female born circa 1899. (CCR: The Cat Club) Photo: Glacier, Longsight. ‘Cats and All About Them’ (1902) by Frances Simpson. Backgrounds © www.gograph.com.

AN HISTORICAL PORTRAIT OF

An early Silver Tabby Manx Shorthair Bred by Mr. E.S. Woodiwiss & owned by BY

JOHN G. SMITHSON

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Many interesting Victorian ladies and gentlemen were drawn into the world of showing and breeding of domestic cats, among them being a number of learned gentlemen, often from various fields aligned with, or generally complimentary to, the wider interest of naturalists. In the very early days of the Fancy, such notables as Charles Darwin and William Bernhardt Tegetmeier, were involved either as sponsors of shows, or gave service as early judges. From the world of poultry, pigeons, rabbits, and most notably dogs, came a raft of men, most of them with naturalist leanings in one form or another, including Harrison Weir himself. Weir was considered to be one of the foremost experts on poultry in England, on an equal footing with Tegetmeier, and he was also a highly respected hobby ornithologist. But his popularist claim to fame was as one of most distinguished animal illustrators of the Victorian age.

the most distinguished animal illustrators of the Victorian age. Charles Darwin, who was in regular written contact with Harrison’s older brother Jenner Weir, once visited Harrison, to personally seek new pigeon stock and gain advice from him, on the best practices for breeding specific types of pigeons. John Jenner Weir, while equally respected for his knowledge in ornithology, was better known as an eminent entomologist. He, along with his brother Harrison, and the Rev. J. Cumming Macdona, was one of the first three judges to officiate at a Crystal Palace Cat Show. Other gentlemen who entered the world of ‘cats’ from or through the world of dogs, included Mr. Charles H. Lane, Mr. H.C. Brooke, Messrs E. & S. Woodiwiss, Mr. George Billings, Mr. Fred Gresham, Lord Alexander and Mr. Gambier Bolton, to mention but a few.

‘JAGUAR’, a photographic study by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S. ⁵ From an article in Windsor Magazine (1900), entitled ‘The Larger Cats’ by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S Image courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection

The latter had in particular, made a name for himself, in the field of wildlife photography, travelling extensively to record some of the most dramatic and respected wildlife photographic art of the era. He was particularly interested in big game cats, and his photographic studies of lions, tigers and other large felines, brought him international notoriety and unprecedented access to the zoos of England, Europe and the Americas.

and judging of dogs. She was particularly well known as a ‘conformation’ judge of high repute. So much so, that when Charles Lane, completed his work on, ‘Dog Shows and Doggy People’ (1900), he dedicated it to her Grace. “..who by her condescension, personal patronage, and support has raised the tone of dog shows and done much for the benefit of the whole doggy community..” ⁷ The Duke, who similarly shared Bolton’s passionate interest in Natural History photography, invited Gambier Bolton to accompany him on his world tour in 1893/94.

He enjoyed particularly close connections with the Duke and Duchess of Newcastle, the Duchess being among the foremost of gentlewomen involved with the breeding and judging of dogs. She was particularly well known as a ‘conformation’ judge of high repute. So much so, that when Charles All content 2022 Felis The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc. Lane, completed his© work on,Historica, ‘Dog Shows and Doggy People’ (1900), he dedicated it

‘The late Duke of Clarence’s Tiger Cubs’, photographed by Gambier Bolton F.Z.S.⁵ From an article in Windsor Magazine (1900), entitled ‘The Larger Cats’ by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S Image courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection .

It was likewise through the doggy world that he also came into contact with Mr. and Mrs. H.C. Brooke, whose interest in ‘foreign’ and unusual dogs, would have no doubt piqued his interest. In this way he also met with others who had a combined interest in dogs and cats, such as Sam and E. Sydney Woodiwiss, and in no time at all, he became a registered breeder and owner of Long-haired cats. As a naturalist, this was quickly followed by an interest in Manx, and he was known to be a strong supporter of the Siamese. It is to his interest in Manx cats, that we are now drawn; and in particular, to his stewardship of ‘Manx Silverwing’.

PARENTAGE AND OWNERSHIP The only registration records for ‘Manx Silverwing’ are contained in ‘The Cat Club Register’, which only divulges that her pedigree was ‘unknown’, that she was owned by Mr. Gambier Bolton and that she was a “Spotted Silver Manx female”. ³ So we have no official record of her breeder or her date of birth. However, we may assume an approximate date of birth from the fact that she was successfully bred by Mr. Bolton, giving birth to recorded progeny in June, 1900; and again in May 1901. In order to have been mature enough to be bred, and produce a litter in June of 1900, she must have been born at least as late as the middle of 1899, and her date of birth could have been even earlier.

‘Persian Leopardess’, photographed by Gambier Bolton F.Z.S.⁵ From an article in Windsor Magazine (1900), entitled ‘The Larger Cats’ by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S Image courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection

the middle of 1899, and her date of birth could have been even earlier.

a listed sire and dam. So, it would appear at least based in the realm of possibility, that both cats may have been acquired by Mr. Robert Gambier Bolton at around the same time.

As to her breeder, if we look to convention for a clue, all those Manx cats registered in the National Cat Club Stud-books, Volumes 1-5, which had their names prefaced with Mr. Bolton was no newcomer to domestic the word ‘Manx’, were bred by Mr. E. and pedigreed cats, and/or to exhibiting. Sydney Woodwiss, and there are simply no He owned many Longhairs, predominantly exceptions. It therefore seems very likely silvers and smokes, registered with The that he was also the breeder of ‘Manx National Cat Club. The earliest of these Silverwing’ and possibly also of ‘Manx appears to be a Silver Tabby male named Primrose’, a Black Manx female, who is ‘Punto’ (NCC:1056), born in April of 1888, similarly listed in ‘The Cat Club Register’ as bred by Mrs. Radford of Woodford Essex. owned by Mr. Gambier Bolton, with no ‘Punto’ appears to be his earliest stud male breeder. Interestingly, for ‘Primrose’ we of record, and the sire of a smoke long-hair have a date of birth as April 2nd, 1899, and female of his own breeding, named a listed sire and dam. So it would appear at ‘Poppy’ (NCC:1878) out of his smoke queen least based in the realm of possibility, that ‘Flit’ (NCC:1877), born 2nd August, 1894.⁴ both cats may have been acquired by Mr Robert Gambier Bolton atFelis around theThe same All content © 2022 Historica, Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc. time.

The Corded Poodle ‘Champion Achilles’. Photographed by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S. ⁶ ‘Windsor Magazine’(1900), ‘Funny Foreign Dogs’ by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S. Image courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection

‘Poppy’ (NCC:1878) out of his smoke queen ‘Flit’ (NCC:1877), born August 2nd, 1894.⁴ Other long-haired cats included ‘Izeyl’, (NCC:1703), a silver tabby female bred by Mrs Taylor, born on March 1st, 1893; ‘Psyche’ (NCC:1767) (aka Garboldisham Psyche), a Blue Tabby female bred by Mrs C.L. Kennaway, born March 25th, 1894; and ‘Meme

‘Meme II’ (NCC:1876), a Silver Tabby female, born January 1893, formerly owned by Mr. Crang, sired by Beau (himself by Miss Simpson’s ‘Beauty Boy’) and out of ‘Meme,’ a cat imported from Paris. He was also the owner of the Smoke longhair male ‘Pompey’(NCC:1875), born March 27th, 1894, sired by Mrs. Herring’s ‘Blue Jack’.

‘Blue Jack’. ‘Pompey’ was bred by Miss Rogers, and took a first at the Crystal Palace in 1894.⁴ From the above we can see a leaning to the silver tabbies, so it should come as no surprise that when his interest turned to Manx in the latter part of the 1890’s, that ‘Manx Silverwing’ would instantly appeal to him. On his extensive travels in the east, he learned a great deal about unusual cats, and took a scientific interest in all the Asiatic breeds of domestic cat. By the time Frances Simpson penned her classic work ‘The Book of The Cat’, in (1903), Mr. Bolton was a well-known and respected member of the feline fraternity, with more than 10 to 12 years of involvement in the fancy. Miss Simpson had no hesitation in seeking out his expertise and support in the chapter on Manx cats, to which he was a contributor. Dispelling all the myths associated with the establishment of the Manx breed on the Isle of Man, Miss Simpson firmly espoused her belief that these tailless cats had mostly likely descended from a foreign breed of cat brought to the island. In support of this assumption, she quotes from Gambier Bolton, whose opinion was duly published: “Any traveller in the far east – Japan, China, Siam, and the Malay region – who is a lover of animals must have noticed how rarely one meets with a really longtailed cat in these regions, for instead one

tailed cat in these regions, for instead one meets with the kink-tailed (i.e. those with a bend or screw at the tip of the tail), the short-kinked tail (i.e. those with a screw-tail like the bull dogs), the forked-tailed (those having tails which start quite straight, but near the tip branch out into two forks), and finally the tailless (or miscalled Manx) cats; and the naturalist Kaempfer states definitely that the specimens of this breed now so common in parts of Russia all come originally from Japan. (Ed: An interesting view, yet to be confirmed by genetics). And then, presumably quoting from his own experience in breeding Manx cats, he continues: “Again, anyone who breeds these tailless cats, and keeps the breed quite pure, must have noticed how they differ in appearance and habits from the common short-haired cats. They are, and should be, much smaller in size; the coat should be longer and more ‘rabbity’; the ‘call’ is much nearer that of the jungle cat of the East than that of the ordinary cat; and their habits, are much more dog-like. In all these points they keep closely to what the writer firmly believes to be their original type, the domesticated cats of the Far East.” (Editor’s underlining). He then describes and espouses those qualities in a fine show specimen that he finds so endearing: “The photographs illustrating this article give some idea of the general appearance of these delightfully quaint little creatures, and one notices immediately the great point which all judges look for, viz., the high

meets with the kink-tailed (i.e. those with a bend or screw at the tip of the tail), the short-kinked tail (i.e. those with a screw-tail like the bull dogs), hindquarters, which is so typical of the tailless breed of All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc. cats, the few hairs, which represent the spot where the tail should be, constantly appearing even a few hours

‘Manx Cat’, Photographed by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S. Photo: Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S., ‘The Book of The Cat’ (1903) by Frances Simpson

of these delightfully quaint little creatures, and one notices immediately the great point which all judges look for, viz., the high hindquarters, which is so typical of the tailless breed of cats, the few hairs, which represent the spot where the tail should be, constantly appearing even a few hours after birth, although there is not a sign of a caudal appendage beneath them. “Kink-tailed, screw-tailed, fork-tailed, and absolutely tailless cats have all been exhibited at British shows of recent years, and the writer, from a personal knowledge of nearly all

and the writer, from a personal knowledge of nearly all breeds, has no hesitation in recommending the latter as companions, their quaint and dog-like ways making them general favourites whenever they are met with.” ² Mr. Bolton, was not however, the only owner of record for ‘Manx Silverwing’. But he is the only owner, under whose name her subsequent progeny was registered. Probably due to his many commitments to travel abroad on photographic excursions, he may have found it necessary to rehome some

breeds, has no hesitation in recommending the latter as of his cats from time to time. companions, their quaint and dog-like ways making them general favourites whenever they are met with.” ² All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

‘Ch. Katzenjammer’, the sire of ‘D-Tail’ Photo: A.R.Pickett, Bexley Heath. ‘The Book of The Cat’ (1903) by Frances Simpson ²

he may have found it necessary to rehome some of his cats from time to time. In ‘The Book of The Cat’ (1903) Frances Simpson records her transfer of ownership, firstly to Mr. Foulstone, and her subsequent sale to Mr. A. Ward, the well-known Canine and Feline Specialist in animal remedies. In the 21st December 1901 issue of ‘Our Cats’ the change of ownership to Mr. Ward is recorded in a report on the Northern Counties Cat Club’s Manchester Show as follows: -

“A few cats were sold. Manx Silverwing was claimed by Mr Ward directly the show opened. There were several claimants for this sweetly and quaintly marked cat.” SIBLINGS & SHOWS There is no clear evidence of any siblings of ‘Manx Silverwing’, but this does not preclude that she did not have any, only that none have been recorded. It is clear from the commentary of Frances Simpson, who, in 1902 stated “Silverwing has won many prizes, and calls forth great admiration when

whenever exhibited”,¹ that in fact, ‘Silverwing’ was shown fairly often as a young cat, drawing much attention and admiration to herself. But official records of any winnings are scant, with the only ‘First’ recorded as won at Manchester, in Volume Six of The National Cat Club Register.⁸ BREEDING & PROGENY Although owned in turn by Mr Gambier Bolton, Mr Foulstone and Mr Ward, the only progeny of record are those bred from ‘Manx Silverwing’ while under the stewardship of Mr Gambier Bolton. In 1900, she was bred to Mrs H.C. Brooke’s ‘Katzenjammer’, and from this pairing was produced a Blue Tabby female comically named ‘D-TAIL’, born 24th June,1900. ‘D-Tail’ was retained for breeding by Mr Bolton. The following year, she was bred to Miss Smart’s ‘Ibsen’, and from this combination she produced another female, a solid black, named ‘PING PONG’, born 12th May, 1901. Frances Simpson casts some light on the quality of ‘D-Tail’ and of her eventual mysterious loss. “Mr Gambier Bolton owned and bred some fine cats. ‘Manx Primrose’, a black, and ‘DTail’ a silver tabby, won respectively first and second at the Westminster Show in 1902. It is so usual to see ‘breeder and pedigree unknown’ after almost all the entries in the Manx classes, that these two cats were distinguished by having a certified pedigree. It was a grievous loss when ‘D-Rail’ disappeared

disappeared very mysteriously from his (sic) home in St. John’s Wood. ‘Manx Silverwing’, passed from Mr Bolton’s possession to that of Mr Foulstone’s, and was later purchased by Mr.A. Ward, the well-known cat specialist.” IN SUMMARY Gambier Bolton may have started out as a talented amateur photographer, but in time, he became the world’s first widely celebrated animal photographer. As a fellow of both the Zoological Society and the Royal Geographical Society, he was commonly afforded access to many wild animals held in captivity. In ‘How to see the Zoo’, author C.J. Cornich, commented on seeing the celebrated British photographer of wild animals at the London Zoo, sitting there by the hour, with his camera beside him, ready to photograph each new and characteristic attitude. “To watch Mr. G. Bolton is to learn how to see the zoo from another point of view, than that common to ordinary or even scientific visitors. He is concerned, not with the habits, but with the form, appearance, and attitudes of animals.' ⁹ In 1899, W. Watson and Sons constructed a camera based on Mr Bolton’s personal specifications. It was designed to serve as a combination camera, for use in long distance photography, and/or as a readily available hand camera.

Advertisement for Mr A. Ward’s ‘Specialist Treatments’ for Dogs and Cats. Mr Ward was the last known owner of ‘Manx Silverwing’ ‘Our Cats’, March, 1904. Image courtesy of The Harrison Weir Collection ¹⁰

Mr Gambier Bolton’s ‘MANX SILVERWING’ as she appeared in Frances Simpson’s early work, ‘Cats and All About Them’ (1902), published by Isbister & Co., Covent Garden, London Photo: Glacier, Longsight. ‘Cats and All About Them’ (1902) by Frances Simpson ¹

It will probably come as no surprise that Mr Robert Gambier Bolton was a committee member of ‘The Cat Club’, ‘The Blue Persian Cat Society’ and a foundation committee member of the ‘Siamese Cat Club’.

REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. 2. 3. 4.

His interests were truly diverse as befits a man of science, technology and natural history.

He appears to have been willing to lend his support where it would add the greatest value.

It is thanks to his interest in Silver Tabbies and in the Manx breed, that we can today see, and admire, the natural beauty of his ‘Manx Silverwing'.

8. 9. 10. 11.

‘Cats and All About Them’ (1902) by Frances Simpson. ‘The Book of The Cat’ (1903) by Frances Simpson. ‘The Cat Club Register’ (Vols.1-5) ‘The National Cat Club Stud-Book and Register’ (Vols. 1-5) ‘Windsor Magazine’ (1900), ‘The Larger Cats’, by Gambier Bolton F.Z.S. ‘Windsor Magazine’ (1900), Funny Foreign Dogs, by Gambier Bolton, F.Z.S. ‘Dog Shows and Doggy People’ (1900) by Charles H. Lane. ‘The National Cat Club Stud-Book and register’ (Vol.6) ‘The Cornhill Magazine’ (1896), ‘How to see the Zoo’, by C.J. Cornich ‘Our Cats’ Magazine, March, 1904. Photo credits and Quotations as noted.

A-CAT-EMY CONCEPTS is proud to present A NEW PUBLICATION FROM ‘THE ALCHEMY OF CAT BREEDS’ SERIES

‘The Descendants of Bastet’ gives a complete overview of the first century of the Abyssinian breed, from the first mention of the breed in the early 1870s through until circa 1970. Additionally, chapters on the later development of the colors red, blue, and fawn ar included – plus the longhair version of the breed is discussed in a chapter on the originas of the Somali. The book is 8 1/2 x 11. Pre-index, it is 265 pages chock full of historical information for Abyssinian lovers! It includes a great deal of registration information, pedigrees, progeny reports and photos of cats important to the breed history. Preview of the introductory pages here – http://bit.ly/3aBqFys Contact Karen (catfanrep@gmail.com) for pre-order form. No payment is due at this time; you will be contacted when the book is available for mailing.

A word from the Author… The origins of the Abyssinian breed are unknown, and are likely to stay that way. While anecdotal stories tell of cats being imported from Abyssinia (now Somalia), geneticists have expounded theories that the breed originated in countries bordering on the Indian Ocean. Records relate the early importation of cats, but from where is never specified. Breeders have told stories of cats resembling the Abyssinian being found in Abyssinia, but they are hearsay and cannot be positively confirmed. So while origins will remain guesswork, and are explored in-depth herein, the unknown bits are most likely to remain guesswork forever.

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

The Descendants of Bastet weaves together what we do know and what can be confirmed regarding the history of the breed growth, in intimate detail, using pedigrees, progeny reports and historical records, starting with that first mention of Zula, on to Queen Jumbo who was the first registered Abyssinian. While we don’t know Queen Jumbo’s birthdate, we do know that she died in 1893. Other Abys of her era included Sedgemere Peaty and Sedgemere Bottle, both produced from unknown heritage; both, however, important to the early development of the breed and pedigrees.

This book is the exciting culmination of years of research, studying of pedigrees, scanning of photos and scrupulous reading of many old magazines in search of tidbits to include and expand upon. The first print run was limited to 175 copies, and there are a small number of copies still available for purchase. If you are interested, please contact Karen Lawrence at catfanrep@gmail.com.

A-CAT-EMY CONCEPTS is proud to present A NEW PUBLICATION FROM ‘THE ALCHEMY OF CAT BREEDS’ SERIES

‘A Persian Rhapsody in Blue’ – Volume 1, provides a rare look into the pre-history and establishment of the Blue Persian Cat, from the first recorded importations direct from the Khorasan province, into Europe in the 1620’s; to a detailed development in 19th and 20th century Britain. Includes many new images of Blue Persian cats, not published in well over 100 years. In depth coverage, of Foundation bloodlines and famous strains. In A4 format, Pre-index, this book comprises of 546 pages of detailed information and rare images of key progenitors of the Persian cat, and their breeders.

Preview of the introductory pages is found at – http://bit.ly/3gOMM8b Contact John (nutrenz57@yahoo.com.au) for pre-order booking form.

A word from the Author… What a long and amazing journey it has been, to collate, collect, curate and document the amazingly complex journey of the Blue Persian cat, from its genetic ancestral home in the mountainous regions of Khorasan province, to its establishment in Western Europe, and in particular, its strong foothold in the British Isles – a journey that took the best part of 260 years before it was finally recognised by a dedicated handful of English and Scottish breeders, as unique and full of beauty. From relative obscurity in the mid 1880’s a small but growing band of faithful adherents to its cause, did the faithful groundwork behind this colour variety, which would see it rise to prominence in the world of cats, the formation of the largest specialty club in the world for a time, and an absolutely phenomenal period of expansion of its influence that ‘A Juvenile Party’ and ‘An Unwelcome Visitor’ Illustrations from ‘The Adventures Cat – expansion And a Fine CatofToo’ mirrored of athe Illustrations by Harrison Weir, Images courtesy of The Harrison Weirof Collection. influence the then British Empire. The Blue Persian became the recognised ‘Prince’ of the Persian breed, the pinnacle of what could be achieved by any colour, if the same level of love and dedication was poured into new programs as the founders of the colour-bred Blue had poured into what had become, the cornerstone colour of the modern breed. This writing of this first volume of the history of the Blue Persian has likewise allowed me to develop those necessary skills to tackle similar feline histories with a dedication that is all pervading. It is a privilege and a joy to embrace the detective work and pedigree research involved. I recognise the unique opportunity it has afforded me to meet and work with some amazingly talented and special like-minded individuals around the world, who share a similar or same passion. For that I am especially grateful.

NZCF DB.BRIAR-MAR GR. RANCHDOLLS CH. RANCHDOLLS QUITE THE PRINCE RUBY CFARUBY GC, DB. NW GR. CH. ABSOLUTELY QUITE THE FABULOUS PRINCE

FACTFILE Call name: ‘ABBY’ Breed: Manx Shorthair Colour/Pattern: Calico Date of Birth: March 8th, 2016 Sire: GC, BW, NW Mistysprings Chicago Fire Dam: Ch. Mistysprings Deco Dolly Breeders: Omar Gonzalez & Gary Veach. Owners: Omar Gonzalez & Gary Veach. Notable Awards and Achievements: CFA’s Best Kitten for the 2016/2017 Season Dam of: GC, NW Briar-Mar Ready Aim Fire CFA’s Best Kitten for the 2017/2018 Season GC, NW Briar-Mar Me Too of Deydream CFA’s 2nd Best Kitten for the 2018/2019 Season

CFA GC, NW BRIAR-MAR ABSOLUTELY FABULOUS GC NW Briar-Mar Absolutely Fabulous was CFA’s Best Kitten for the 2016-2017 show season. I wanted to add the black gene to our breeding program since most of our cats are Reds, Red and Whites, and/or dominant Whites.

Dolly made herself right at home for us, such a sweet-tempered cat. My only concern was that Dolly as already seven years old. Although proven, her age did concern me a bit, although you would never know it from looking at her.

We therefore turned to our good friend and mentor Gay Van Weeldon of the “Mistysprings” Manx cattery, as our breeding program is based solely on Gay’s lines. We asked Gay if we could lease a Black & White for a litter.

Dolly came into season a few months after being with us and we decided to breed her to our Red Tabby boy who has sired for us several National Winners already, and in the hope of producing a Calico. GC BW NW Mistysprings Chicago Fire was bred to Dolly, and excitedly we waited to see of the breeding took.

She sent us a lovely girl, Ch. Mistysprings Deco Dolly. She was beautiful, short bodied, with a perfect Black & White pattern and a pretty expression. Gay brought her to us at the 2015 World Show in Philadelphia.

After waiting three weeks it appeared as if Dolly did not take. Since I had already been concerned about her age, I just assumed she was too old to conceive.

Father and daughter. GC, BW, NW Mistysprings Chicago Fire, alongside GC, NW Briar-Mar Absolutely Fabulous. ‘Abby’ is the product of mating between two Mistyspring cats, bred by Gay Van Weeldon. Photos by Chanan.

Well, on the morning of March 8th, 2016, I heard a crying kitten and since I had no litters at the time, I went to investigate the source of that sound. I found, very much to my delight, a perfectly marked rumpy calico being nursed by Dolly. Dolly had never shown any obvious signs of being pregnant and with only one kitten that came as no surprise. In speaking with Gay about it, she had never had more than one or two kittens but the kitty gods were good to me on this day. A calico rumpy! No one could ask for better! From the start she looked promising and she continued to do well with each passing week. I named her ‘Absolutely Fabulous’ as after all, in myy was

my eyes at least, that is exactly what she was! Abby’s first show was at four months of age, at Garden State. Small and unsure, she did quite well for such a large loud show hall and still attained highest scoring kitten. Throughout the rest of her kitten career she was highest scoring kitten with the exception of only one show, where she missed the top honors by only 5 points. Meanwhile, at home I had another litter we were raising sired by GC BW NW Mistysprings Chicago Fire and one of our kitten winners from last year, GC NW Briar-Mar All About The Bass. That breeding

Above: BRIAR-MAR ABSOLUTELY FABULOUS with CFA All Breed Judge Kathy Calhoun. Below: ‘ABBY’ shares a quiet moment with CFA All Breed Judge Rachel Anger. Photos: Courtesy of Omar Gonzalez. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

Above: ABBY’s half-sister ‘BETTY’ – aka GC, NW BRIAR-MAR PLAYING WITH FIRE Below: With co-owner Gary Veach – Highest Scoring Kitten at the World Show. Photos – Above: Chanan. Below: Courtesy of Omar Gonzalez. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

ABBY’S National Winning Kitten ‘FREDDIE’ – GC, NW BRIAR-MAR READY AIM FIRE Left: With CFA Judge JoAnn Blackwell. Right: with co-owner Gary Veach. Photos: Courtesy of Omar Gonzalez.

breeding produced a lovely red tabby & white female we named GC NW Briar-Mars Playing With Fire, ‘Betty’ to her friends. I loved both kittens and wanted to try to show Betty as well, but expecting judges to put up two Manx kittens was maybe asking for too much. Betty was shown alongside Abby for a couple of shows while she was young to get her used to the shows. Several judges used both, but when I felt that Abby had enough points to stay solidly in, she stayed home so I could concentrate on Betty. It did not take her long to take off. Betty was basically shown from midOctober through to the World Show. Abby’s last kitten show was Cotton States but the decision was made to only take Bett

Betty, since felt that Abby’s ranking was not going to be challenged. Betty went on to be highest scoring kitten at Cotton States. Both girls went on to the World Show, Abby as an open, shown in the Red Show and Betty as a kitten in the Purple Show. Abby granded in one show going Best Champion in all but one ring where she was 2nd. Betty was highest scoring kitten in the Purple Show with 4 Best Kittens out of the 7 rings and went on to grand in one show as well two weeks later. Both girls have sinced raised their own litters. As with any success, it could not be possible without the support and help of others. Our story would not have been wo

Above: GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR ME TOO – A second National Winning son of ‘Absolutely Fabulous’ 2nd Best Kitten Nationally, North Atlantic Region Best Kitten. Best of Breed Manx Longhair 2018/2019. Photo by Chanan. All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GC, NW BRIAR-MAR ABSOLUTELY FABULOUS – CFA’S KITTEN OF THE YEAR 2016/2017 Bred and owned by Omar Gonzalez & Gary Veach. Photo by Chanan.

worth telling if it had not been for the incredible generosity of Gay Van Weeldon. She has always been there for advice and continues to share her cats with us. If not for Gay, there would not be a BriarMar Manx. Omar Gonzalez.

Editor: Of course, Abby, as CFA’s Kitten of the Year 2016/2017, went on to produce CFA’s Kitten of the Year for 2017/2018 in GC NW Briar-Mar Ready Aim Fire. In her breeding to ‘Manny’ CFA’s Cat of the Year for 2015/2017, she then produced CFA’s 2nd Best Kitten for 2018/2019 in GC, BW, NW Briar-Mar Me Too of Deydream.

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CFA GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR ME TOO OF DEYDREAM

FACTFILE Call name: ‘Too Too’ Breed: Manx Longhair Colour/Pattern: Red Tabby & White Date of Birth: May 28, 2018 Sire: GC, BWR, NW Briar-Mar Good To Be Me (Manny) Dam: GC, NW Briar-Mar Absolutely Fabulous (Abby) Breeder: Omar Gonzalez & Gary Veach Owners: Erin & Joy Yoder-Dey, Omar Gonzalez & Gary Veach Notable Awards and Achievements: CFA’s 2nd Best Kitten for the 2018/2019 Season North Atlantic Region’s Best Kitten, 2018/2019 Season Best of Breed Manx Longhair, 2018/2019 Season

CFA GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR ME TOO OF DEYDREAM I always wanted to breed our ‘Manny,’ GC BW NW Briar-Mar Good To Be Me, who was CFA’s Cat of the Year from the 2015/2016 show season, to our calico, GC NW Briar-Mar Absolutely Fabulous, who was CFA’s Kitten of the Year from the 2016/2017 show season. I figured that this combination was a must! How could it not possibly work? The breeding took place, and on May 28, 2018 ‘Abby’ gave birth to two rumpy males – a red tabby boy and a high white, red tabby and white male. Both looked promising, and as the kittens continued to develop the red tabby and white boy looked more and more promising. After a few more weeks it was obvious to me that he was going to be a longhair. As longhairs are not my specialty, I called up a good friend of ours who

The parents of ‘Me Too’ – Photos by Chanan.

CFA All Breed Judge SHARON POWELL with BRIAR-MAR ME TOO OF DEYDREAM Photos: Courtesy of Omar Gonzalez.

who specialised in longhaired Manx, and told her to make room at her place as she was getting this kitten. Joy Yoders-Dey was thrilled with the offer of this kitten and she decided to name him after his father, so that’s how Briar-Mar Me Too of Deydream became the name he would be known by. I usually hold off my kittens until they are five months old to give them time to mature but as we were already in the midst of campaigning Me Too’s half-sister, GC BWR NW Briar-Mar Helluva Bottom Carter, we figured we may just as well start showing him along with her for the experience.

‘Fanny’ (Helluva Bottom Carter) had been out a month earlier and doing well. Me Too’s first show was alongside of his halfsister, and he instantly took off. Both kittens were final together, and in most cases Me Too would come out on top.Both kittens were campaigned together throughout their kitten careers. One of the highlights for both was the World Show, where Me Too was highest scoring kitten in the Teal show, the other kitten 2nd highest scoring! This same show season 2018/2019 we were exhibiting the kittens aunt, who happened to be GC RW/GP NW Briar-Mar Mockingjay of Deydream who was their father Manny’s

A YOUNG GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR ME TOO OF DEYDREAM at home next his Cupcake bed! Photo: Courtesy of Erin & Joy Yoder-Dey All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

Above: ‘Me Too’ with CFA AB Judge Robert Salisbury. Below: with CFA AB Judges Diana Doernberg (Left) and Tracy Petty (Right). Photos: Courtesy of Omar Gonzalez All content © 2022 Felis Historica, The Harrison Weir Collection & The CFA Foundation, Inc.

GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MAR ME TOO Being held by co-owner Joy Yoder-Dey and with CFA All Breeds Judge Sheila Mizzi Photo: Courtesy of Erin Yoder-Dey.

littermate. All three were in the Best of the Best at the World show, ultimately with Mockingjay being named Best In Show.

The season was a memorable one for the Briar-Mar cattery. Mockingjay became CFA’s Best Cat in Premiership and both kittens

GC, BW, NW BRIAR-MARS ME TOO OF DEYDREAM Best Kitten Nationally. North Atlantic Region Best Kitten, Best of Breed Manx Longhair, 2018/2019. Breeder: Omar Gonzalez/Gary Veach. Owners: Erin & Joy Yoder-Dey, Omar Gonzalez & Gary Veach. Photo by Chanan.

2nd

kittens ended up as 2nd and 3rd Best Kittens Nationally, with Me Too coming out ahead of his half-sister. Me Too regularly displayed an incredible personality. It was not uncommon to see this happy kitten making biscuits with his paws in the air as he was taken from the judging cage to the judge’s table, and inevitably this endeared him to many of the judges. He now lives with Joy and has sired some promising kittens. We hope to see more pretty kittens from him in the near future. Omar Gonzalez.

Editor: In the three photographs that follow on the page opposite, we see evidence of the power of breeding from lines which are consistent producers of quality. The kitten is Deydream Pumpkin Spice, one of the first by Briar-Mar Me Too, himself sired by a CFA Cat of the Year and out of a CFA Kitten of the Year, both proven producers of exceptional quality progeny. Grandsire ‘Manny’ is himself the result of breeding with the consistent Mistysprings bloodlines from Gay Van Wheeldon’s cattery. It is fitting pattern that Omar Gonzalez and now Joy Yoders-Dey are continuing to emulate.

THREE images of DEYDREAM PUMPKIN SPICE bred by Joy and Erin Yoders-Dey. Sired by ‘ME TOO’. Top left: As a baby kitten. Top right: with CFA All-Breed Judge Gary Veach as a show-age Kitten. Below: Growing into a larger maturing kitten. Photos: Courtesy of Joy Yoders-Dey.

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