Concept Master Plan for Downstream Sabarmati Reclaiming River Habitat via Used water Nature as infrastructure zoned within river bed.
Image source : Primary
PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI20268
Master’s in Urban Infrastructure Infrastructure Project Studio – 2021 Studio Tutors: Prof. Mona Iyer | Prof. Meera Mehta | Mr. Siddh Doshi Teaching Associate: Mr. Smeet Maniar
Source: Reef, R., Feller, I. C., & Lovelock, C. E. (2010). Nutrition of mangroves. Tree Physiology, 30(9), 1148-1160.
Nature as infrastructure zoned within river bed.
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Disposal Component of City Wide Sanitation
Source: River Rejuvenation Committee -Manual Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Table of Contents •
Introduction to scope and concept
•
Existing situation documentation
•
Way through into the project concept via case studies.
•
Concept Master Plan
•
Implementation Strategy
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Sabarmati River Stretch proximity Impact of Ahmedabad - 45 Kilo meters
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Regional Contour Analysis
Source: Dem Data
The regional topography & Natural drains does not collect much of storm water into river. Sabarmati has gone out of its own water and is now filled by Narmada.
AMC Land Use In Context to River
Source: DP AUDA
Sabarmati River is the spine of the city and its evolution for economy, tourism, agglomeration & livelihood..
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Latitude: Longitude:
23° 7'27.34"N 22°59'20.22"N
Latitude: Longitude:
23° 7'27.34"N 72°33'22.57"E
Narmada Intake
Riverfront :Water stock zone Currently has 15 days of Ahmedabad’s Water security
Latitude: Longitude:
23° 7'27.34"N 72°33'22.57"E
Vasna Barrage
Polluted Stretch : Disposed Used Water flow
Latitude: Longitude:
22°49'32.81"N 72°30'16.36"E
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Transport connectivity for Sabarmati in Ahmedabad Narmada Intake
11 Kilometres of pedestrian & vehicular roads on Upper Stream till Vasna barrage for each side parallel to the river
Vasna Barrage
Source: Primary
Riverfront is connected intensively to the city with its well-developed roads, BRTS and upcoming metro network.
Source: SRFDCL
The lower stream holds a strategic upcoming APMC metro station into its proximity for activating downstream for enhanced connectivity.
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Upper Stream – Land Use
Lower Stream – Land Use
RAH ZONE RING
DFC Source: DP AUDA
Huge economy attraction was pulled in due to Riverfront development that lead to impact rapid local land use changes. It plays critical role for tourism, publicness and pollution control.
Source: DP AUDA
Large pocket of river stretch effecting the development along the river due to pollution. The RAH zone intersects river along AMC boundary along with National DFC & SP ring road. Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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BASE MAP Narmada Intake Stream Riverfront Catchment Stream
Polluted River : City’s Used Water Disposal Potential Stretch of Intervention: Vasna Barrage to Village Saroda – 25 km
13 outfalls within 5 kilometers from V. N. Bridge Current total daily disposal of Used Water : 1080 MLD The major outfalls of treated / untreated , domestic/ industrial effluent disposal points
As per Sabarmati Action plan report The Industrial effluent disposals has been put to 2019-20 budget for laying pipeline to transport into deep ocean.
Kilometres
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Existing Situation Assessment of Lower Stream
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Sabarmati is taking pollution liability of Ahmedabad’s incompetency As per Sabarmati Action Plan 2019
Description of existing scenario
As per CPCB report, September, 2019 Kheroj to Vautha stretch of River Sabarmati @ 200 km long falls under Priority-I polluted river stretch.
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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USED water
Disposal
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Domestic outfall disposal: Multiple disposal points at close proximities that dispose sewage with high velocity cause soil erosion. Industrial effluent disposal getting disposed at inadequate quality exceeding standards laid by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India for Common Effluent Treatment Plants as per, (Environment Protection Rules, 1986)
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Inadequate quality and high velocity disposal produce turbulence while disposal that cause foam and bubble formation. Dense foam layer of about 1 feet thick was spotted during primary survey. No solar rays could penetrate the water to bed. This effect impacts to deplete ecosystem and completely destroys the algae formation. Algae formation starts the coagulation over a river to start natural treatment as algae contact starts coagulation into the water . Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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The soil quality of river embankment has turned it into toxic sludge. The pollution is mutating mosquitoes, bacterial & fungal organisms damaging regional flora and fauna of the river.
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Ground Water Pollution
Improper utilization of river bed
The polluted stretch impacts large scale ground water percolation due to toxic sludge bed across huge span. Could be reduced to limited protection & treatment zone over river bed.
Whole river bed space can be utilized, and one water layer can be collected so to give better surface flow to upper flow layers so to attain more aeration & percolation as surface coverage increases.
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Citywide Air Pollution Sabarmati air flow during summers
Summer Air Current flow
Summer Air flow direction map
Air flow SW-NE
Climate is spreading polluted fumes at Sabarmati with city’s air inflow during summers from southern winds which enters from Arabian sea. The air pollution causes unhygienic situation and poor surrounding as it lets mosquitos to spear into the city via riverfront.
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Way through into the project concept via case studies.
Source: Bryan Christie Designs
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River Protection Zone ▪ ▪
Policy & Intervention driven approach towards setting up and activating River protection zone Centralized disposal Outfall & Management
Scheme of effluent discharge through sewage outfalls. Source: Ocean outfalls as an alternative to minimizing risks to human and environmental health
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River Bed Transformation Upgradation of Outfall
Source: 33rd Street Outfall –Denver
Setup Weir system
Source : Scroll.in / Bangalore Hauz Khas Lake
Reclaiming the river with Agro-Biodiversity
Source : Scroll.in / Bangalore Hauz Khas Lake
Activating River bed as phytoroid treatment zone to heal the ecosystem and reclaim Aquatic and Biotic life.
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Activate the river for community for Habitat, awareness, Tourism & economy
Image Source: Xinhua News.cn July 18
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Key concepts of this project
Reclaiming Sabarmati Habitat via Used water ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Reduction of pollution at disposal Rejuvenation of river stretch Creating and enhancing ecosystem habitat and reclaiming aquatic life. Generating River based economy and engage people to river related activities Fruit forestation for bringing food security for habitat Retaining water via mangroves and weirs and achieve nature based treatment. Bringing climate resilience and water security via environmental sanitation.
USED water to bring sustainable hygienic environmental habitation
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Project Description Centralized Discharge with velocity control and Phytoremediation Using Constructed Mangrove Wetlands: Mechanisms & Application Potential into outfall management.
•
Creating River room for Education, Recreation, Forestation, and Food production.
Legal formation & Implementation of River protection zone
•
Centralized disposal outfall Green Bridge
Post Treatment measures via river bed transformation
Sanitation Taskforce Training & Advancement Centre
Aquatic & Botanical Economy Corridor
Outfall Upgradation: ▪ Velocity reduction structure to Initiate coagulation algae formation. ▪ Uniform distribution structure to gain improvised water flow over bed section & attain maximum surface interaction of water to air and soil. ▪ To create junction to distribute reusable water into supply lines of city.
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
River Bed Abatement & bed preparation Aerated lagoons formation via pebble/ rock weirs Phytoremediation Floating treatment island Bamboo farming for treatment Biodiversity and green cover Enhancement Treated Water Retention structures Intermediate Ground water recharge wells at river bed
▪ ▪ ▪
Penalty, Tax & Revenue Collection with Security Provisions Capacity building & Advancement of Sanitation workers via certification as skilled environmental worker. Monitoring & policing the City wide Complete Environmental Sanitation goals
▪ ▪ ▪
Research, Awareness & Amusement Parks Establishment of Social Committee to increase community interaction with river inclusive to used water. River based circular economy generation via river based farming like lotus, bamboo & mangroves and its processing & marketing.
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Proposed Concept Master Plan Strategy as per RCUP & URMP 2021 Key Notes as per Guidelines: • River Ecology Development Plan • Conservation of the River as a Natural Entity • Maintaining Environmental Flow and Carrying Capacity • Decentralized Approach to River Rejuvenation • Restoration for Utility and Aesthetic Value • Regulations for Eco-sensitive Zones and Water Bodies • Storage, Transport and Reuse Infrastructure for Treated Water and Sludge Source: Urban River Management Plan framework URMP Guidelines.docx (nmcg.nic.in) RCUP Guidelines.pdf (mohua.gov.in) River Rejuvenation Committee Manual
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PART 1 | CENTRALIZED DISPOSAL Centralized outfall Link
CENTRALISED OUTFALL VELOCITY REDUCING STRUCTURE
Overflow Disposal on reverse stream: Foam barrier
Wetland Platform
Equalization Tank Used Water flow
Total Used water Disposal : Present 900 MLD Design assumption for 2030 1200 MLD Disposal
Green Bridge Layered above Equalization Tank
Tesla Valve Velocity Reduction
Foam free & low velocity sustainable disposal
AIM: To reduce the river pollution and pur barrier to foam formation and spreading through river stretch.
Centralization link of Disposal outfalls OBJECTIVE: ✓ Green Bridge for pedestrian under layered with 2 days of used water stock as addition to water security ✓ Reduced velocity disposal to prevent soil erosion and bring self healing into river bed. ✓ Centralised Bulk source of Reuse water for the city.
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PART 2 | SABARMATI ECO-CORRIDOR CONCEPT PLAN AIM: To rehabilitate the river via conservation and natural upgradation.
Base Map
Protection Zone
Proposed Concept Plan
Centralized Disposal Zone Varying aligned Weir System Pedestrian Green Islands Water Passage Tunnels Water Catchment : Check Dam - I
Agro Biodiversity Conservation Park
Proposed Road on either side of the protection zone.
Water Catchment : Check Dam - II
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Surface Stream Flow Line
Bed Stream Flow Lines
Impact Simulation for Streamlines
Utilization of whole river bed for enhanced retention and also maintaining minimum surface streamflow within the stretch via weir system. The varying weir aligned bed system would activate the whole river bed for zigzag flow and more surface actions for enhanced ground water percolation, more surface contact for sun and wind interaction. Reclaiming the river with its full potential via domestic Used water.
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Implementation Framework
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Case Studies of preparation of Project organogram Sno. Case Study of Projects
1
2
Admin Authorities / SPV's
Link
Adyar Poonga Park
Chennai River Rejuvenation Committee
::: Adyar Park ::: (chennairivers.gov.in)
India
Musi River Redovelopment
Musi River Front development corporation
https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/fil es/River-Front/20180205_DPRPresentation_low-res.pdf : Page Number 198
India
Shahjanabad Redevelopment Corporation
Shahjahanabad Redevelopment Corporation (delhigovt.nic.in)
India
3
Yamuna riverfront
4
Brahmaputra Riverfront Development Project
5
Mithi River Redevelopment
6
Tapi Riverfront Development and Surat Smart City Development Limited Rejuvenation Project (SSCDL)
https://www.suratsmartcity.com/SSCDL/ AboutSSCDL
7
Thames Riverfront London
Thames River Trust
The Royal River Thames, from the Cotswolds to London - Visit Thames
8
Sabarmati River Front Phase 1/2
SRFDCL – Sabarmati Riverfront
https://sabarmatiriverfront.com/srfdcl/
Daman ganga riverfront
Daman ganga riverfront development authority under Project High Power Committee (PHP)
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Smart City Project | Guwahati GUWAHATI SMART CITY DEVELOPMENT Development Department | Government AGENCY LIMITED Of Assam, India Mumbai Metropolitan Region Mithi River Development and Protection Development Authority - Mithi River Authority (MRDPA). Development and Protection Authority (maharashtra.gov.in)
Country
Project
SPV
Yamuna Rejuvenation
Integrated Drain Management Cell [IDMC]
24x7 Water Supply - Karnataka
Integrated under Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation (KUIDFC)
Digital India programme
Common Service Centres (CSC)
Amravati
Amaravati Smart City Corporation Ltd
Delhi–Noida Direct Flyway
NDBCL integrated under (IL&FS)
India
India
India
UK
India Mumbai Metro
20-YEAR PERSPECTIVE PLAN FOR
9 River Restoration Project and its implementation structure were briefly analysed as case study into formulation of the Project organogram.
India
Mumbai Metro One Private Limited (MMOPL) Formulated under equity of Reliance Energy Limited, Veolia Transport and MMRDA
Some implementation frameworks of other projects were also analysed for the reference. Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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G.O.I & G.O.G
CSR / NGO / FDI / Investors
Grant/ Subsidies & Specific Special Coordination
Sabarmati Green Corridor
E.I.A.
A.M.C
Project Organogram
Resolutions & Policy Driven Actions/ Financing
SECC
DPR preparation
Sabarmati Eco-Corridor Committee (SECC)
Fixed Timeline Contract
Revenue
Production Corp.
Feedback Customers
NGO’s
Institutional Matrix
Implementation
Management
SECC
SRFDCL
SN
Responsibility
1.
Technical & Advisory
P.M.C.
GOI / GOG
AMC
Statuary Permissions
✔
✔
2.
Funding
✔
✔
3.
Design/Specifications
✔
4.
Execution of Work
✔
5.
Supervision & Quality
6.
O&M
✔
7.
Revenue Collection
✔
8.
Complaint & Feedbacks
✔
✔
✔
✔
SPV
NGO’s
✔
✔
PMC
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔
Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Workflow Check for Implementation Adapted from Mula-Mutha DPR Pune
•
List of Key Clearances and Approvals Required
Topographical Survey
Draft Master Plan
Draft EIA
Statutory Approvals
Base Map
Draft DPR
Formation of Execution Committee
Public Consultation: Expert's Discussion & Workshop)
Final EIA
Geotechnical Investigation
Hydrology & Hydraulics
Step 1 | Documentation & Organisation formulation
Area Assessment
Environmental Monitoring
Vision & Objectives Identification
Concept Master Plan
Final DPR
Executed Public Consultation: Opinion Survey
Existing Condition Analysis
Step 2 | Execution
✔
Proposed
Master Plan
DPR
Statutory Approvals
DETAILED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT
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Project Dividend into Work Packages and DPRs SRFDCL
Formation of Sabarmati Eco-Corridor Committee SPV as Public Private Partnership Appraisal Committee (PPPAC)
1
2 Stretch Abatement and Bed Transformation EPC
4
2
Centralized Disposal Green Bridge
Mangroves & Farming via PPP
Riparian Biodiversity & Institutional Developments
EPC / CSR*
PPP
Hybrid
3 Protection Zone Workforce & Security Surveillance Service based yearly contract
❑ SPV office development- EPC ❑ Riparian Zoning for Fruit & vegetable Farming via PPP ❑ Protection Zone Institutional Development via PPP ❑ Sprinkler network system for Irrigation via EPC
❑ Security provision ❑ Tax/Revenue collection
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Total Block Costing : Note. The abstract block costing has been evaluated as per unit pricing, running meter & volumetric pricing referred from Schedule of rates of Gujarat and previous DPR’s of related projects executed by AMC for various development works of sewerage, land development, road developments.
Total Approx. Block Costing :
Rs. Sr No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
3862.5 Crore
Item Description River bed Abatement & transformation River Edge protection Water & aquatic replenishment Promonade & finishing works Public ameneties & ghats Landscapes Forestation Irrigation system Protection Boundary Sewage transport line, STP to centralized bridge Centralised disposal green bridge Pedestrian Bridges Mangroves plantation & Aquatic replenishment Urban infrastructures Sub total from 1 to 14 Considering 3% contengency over 15 TOTAL COST
Block Cost 1405 630 125 200 200 150 250 35 25 100 250 130 150 100 3750 112.5 3862.5
% Total Cost 36 16 3 5 5 4 6 1 1 3 6 3 4 3 97 3 100 Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Project Financing & Approach: Adapted from Mula-Mutha River Restoration PUNE Financing assessment should an objective of project: • Assessment for Making of the project being self sustained • For exploring the various components & tools for generating the funds
Possible Financing Sources: adapted from Urban River Management Plan, GOI
Revenue Sources
Expenditure
Approach
Financing
Planning Fee
Project timeline is expected for 10 years
Phase I to be financed by PMC+PCMC and borrowing
PMC & PCMC support the project in proportion to the capital cost and potential revenue share in their respective areas
FSI/TDR Import
Land Acquisitions
Project completion will increase land sale and drive up the rates
Equity contribution – in proportion to share of urban infrastructure, bridges, access and ghat works (common areas and facilities for whole city)
Land Use Change
Three phases for capital expenditure as for 1st year, 4th & 7th Year.
Land development right from Year 4 will finance Phase II expenditure
Annual grant – Rs 400 crores per year from year 4 for eight years. If land proceeds or revenue growth is better than assumed, this support will not be necessary.
Property Tax
10% of the capital cost is incurred in each year from capital expenditure
Revenues from levies will meet operating costs and start generating surplus to finance
Contribution of land proceeds as equity – ULB/ Govt land will be provided as equity
Land Development Rights
1.5% per year is incurred on maintenance expenditure
Phase III; any borrowing for Phase III can be repaid through future surplus
Interest rate assumed at 10% p.a
Annual escalation of 5% on the cost of capital expenditure and O & M expenditure
Guiding Principle – PMC + PCMC support is less than 100 crores per year
-
-
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Phasing of the project Sno.
Project Element
1
DPR Preparation
2
Land Aquisations
3
Stretch Abatement and Bed Transformation
4
Centralized Disposal Green Bridge
5
Mangroves & Farming via PPP
6
Riparian, Biodiversity & Institutional Developments
7
Protection Zone Workforce & Security Surveillance
8
Operation & Maintenance
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10
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➢ Next Steps •
Formation of Sabarmati Eco-Corridor Committee under SRFDCL
•
Legal documentation and power possession
•
Preparation of Project Financing structure
•
Land Acquisitions methodology & execution
•
E-Procurement of Tender & Work order to consultants
•
Scheduling off regular meetings
•
Signing of Agreements
•
Meeting with Stakeholders
•
Geotechnical Investigation Report
•
Area assessment Report
•
Topographic Survey
•
Concept Master Plan
•
Hydrology and Hydraulics
•
Preliminary Base
•
Application for EIA
•
Preparation of Draft Master Plan
•
Detailed Project Report – Draft
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Reference ENVIS, CPCB, Delhi, India (cpcbenvis.nic.in) RIVER_ACTION_PLAN_SABARMATI.pdf (gujarat.gov.in) Mandate for Water Quality Monitoring Water Quality Trend in Sabarmati Do's & Dont's By CPCB for River & Water SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE FOR BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (fao.org)
Scroll.in / Bangalore Hauz Khas Lake / Youtube Video Revival of Hauz Khas Lake - YouTube CLEAR RIVERS | For a plastic free sea! Recycled Floating Treatment Island Parks How a group of citizens revived a British era lake in Salem Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project Phase 2 - Key aims of SRDP explained
SRFD Project for Urban Mobility Mr. Jagdish.ppt
Urban River Management Plan framework.pdf (nmcg.nic.in)
"Sabarmati Riverfront Phase 2 plan receives inprinciple approval". The Indian Express. 27 October 2020.
Sabarmati for120 km stretch is dead, releasing industrial effluents, sewage in Arabian sea (counterview.net)
"Sabarmati Basin Station: Ahmedabad". UNH/GRDC. Sabarmati Basin. Government of India Ministry of Water Resources. 2014.
Urban River Management Plan framework.pdf (nmcg.nic.in) URMP Guidelines.docx (nmcg.nic.in) RCUP Guidelines.pdf (mohua.gov.in)
Ocean outfalls as an alternative to minimizing risks to human and environmental health Scientific Figure on ResearchGate.
The remarkable floating gardens of Bangladesh :Sunder, K. (2020, September 11). The remarkable floating gardens of Bangladesh. BBC Future. Retrieved November 23, 2021, from https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200910the-remarkable-floating-gardens-of-bangladesh
Source: 33rd Street Outfall – City and County of Denver and Urban Drainage and Flood Control District | Muller Engineering
The Guide: Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary | RoundGlass | Sustain SPV guidelines for Smart Cities
www.chennairivers.gov.in/pdf/2021/Volume 1- Executive Summary - Adyar Eco-Park Restoration (Phase-I).pdf https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/pollution/dyingsabarmati-polluting-units-to-be-named-shamed-andprosecuted-says-gujarat-hc-79541 https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/amc -sabarmati-pollution-gujarat-hc-gpcb-made-mess7643699/ https://ahmedabadmirror.com/sewage-poured-intosabarmati/81810891.html
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Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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Fresh Water
Consumption
Used Water
Re- Used Water
Environmental Sanitation
Source: Ningbo East New Town Eco-Corridor
Holistic approach is to protect the ecosystem as to complete the water loop via preserving & serving the River with community engagement and river based circular economy generation to activate Agro-biodiversity and nature tourism based concepts into implementation.
Thankyou Pushpak Sahu | PUI20268 | FP PG| MUI| CEPT UNIVERSITY
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