LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS SAHU PUSHPAK
Candidate Masters in Urban Infrastructure (PUI20268), CEPT University | Email: Pushpak.pui20268@cept.ac.in
BHAVSAR DHRUV, BARVE YASH (GUIDE) Research Associate, CWAS, CRDF
Aim This Directed Research Project explores Liquid waste management strategies and solutions for rural contexts.
Objectives To identify the existing Liquid waste management practices in rural areas. To review various Liquid waste management case studies for rural contexts. To Prepare a Liquid waste management plan for selected villages based upon site assessment. To prepare a toolkit for LWM implementation for scaling up.
Research Methodology Jan 10 – Jan 31, 2022 [3 weeks]
Feb 1 – Feb 28, 2022 [ 4 weeks]
March 1 – April 5, 2022 [5 weeks]
April 6 – May 3, 2022 [4 weeks]
Research Background Setup
Field Assessment
Solution Framework Documentation
Report Preparation
To review • Case studies, • Various GWM technologies • Policies, • Guidelines, • Strategy documents, • Assessment frameworks
Understanding challenges and problems via • Field surveys, • Community opinion surveys,
across the different Household-level, community levels, village levels, state level, and National level.
Exploring the assessment of the parameters that influence Liquid waste management practices.
And building a counter solution strategy over practical challenges.
Preparation of toolkit based upon Liquid waste value chain. Based upon • Technology selection • Operation • Business Model • Financing & Monitoring Strategizing an adequate framework with which the minor skilled communities could adapt to the developments.
To prepare a detailed research conclusion report based on risk assessments, challenges, and counter solutions for the most vulnerable areas, i.e., rural regions. The handbook that delivers Grameen solutions. Liquid waste management guideline for SBM 2.0 (G)
And documenting the literature reviews that support the Liquid waste management research.
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Table of Content Introduction to Scope & Background
Existing Situation Documentation
Case Studies
Solution Strategy
Implementation & Scale-up Strategy
Way forward & Challenges
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Introduction to Scope & Background
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Liquid Waste Reuse Can Help Reduce Water Scarcity
Percentage population
India world’s 13th most water-stressed country and may face water stress above 50% by 2040: WRI 2021
Per Capita Water availability in India has fallen below 1300m3/year India’s population trend highlights, 65% population lives in rural areas. And are vulnerable to extreme water scarcity.
▪ India ranks 120/122 contrived in the water quality index. ▪ In India, 73% of Wastewater is unsafely disposed of. ▪ 70% of surface water in India is contaminated;
Source: www.wri.org | (UN-Water 2021) | Population Trends of Urban India
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Liquid Waste Characteristics in Rural India Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation defines grey water as “wastewater not contaminated with fecal or urinal matter.”
Elemental Characteristics of Liquid waste in Rural Context Elements
Unit
Kitchen Sink
Laundry
Wash Basin
Bathing
Cattle/Farm
Mixed
BOD5
mg/L
998
260
252
215
304
603
COD
mg/L
1038
1590
424
366
807
1045
7.1
8.55
8.1
7.4
8.5
7.93
Alkanity (pH) Turbidity
NTU
298
247
102
209
304
232
TSS
mg/L
717
266
181
256
164
216
Chlorine
mg/L
43
9
5
5.4
60
90.5
Vulnerabilities with direct use of Liquid waste
The rural context of Liquid waste also contains: • Animal/cattle wastes like goat pebbles, cow dung/urine • Pesticides & Chemicals • Leaked/ inadequate conveyance/containment system (poor FSSM) exposes it to black water.
High alkalinity
Spreads Pathogens
High metal absorption over edible crops if irrigated without treatment
Depletion of Aquatic & biotic life
Source: Pravin D. Patil et al.; | SS Rakesh et al. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i1a.8316 | 8-1-66-149.pdf (chemijournal.com)
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DEFINING THE SECTOR: LIQUID WASTE SERVICE CHAIN The Liquid waste service chain can define the assessment of Liquid waste management in any settlement. It has five components in a journey cycle, from generation (consumption) to safe disposal (treatment / Reuse). Its ideal sequence follows as mentioned below:
USER INTERFACE
HOUSEHOLD CONTAINMENT
COMMUNITY CONTAINMENT
TRANSPORTATION
TREATMENT
REUSE / DISPOSAL
The evolution of these components can be catered to with technology, nature-based solutions, or adaptation of both together. Source: Concept Adapted from SFD manual- Susana.org | Graphics redefined for LWSC by Pushpak Sahu
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SBM-G 2.0 Suggestions across the service chain B
K
W
W CW
USER INTERFACE
Washing Interface Bathing Interface
HOUSEHOLD CONTAINMENT COMMUNITY CONTAINMENT
Soak pit, Leach pit,
REUSE / DISPOSAL
TREATMENT
Kitchen Garden
Community Soak pit, Leach pit
Nature/Gravity based Solution
Waste Stabilization Pond
Silt Chamber
Silt removal Interceptors
Structure-Based Solutions
Irrigation, any other reuse
Machine - Based Solutions TRANSPORTATION
Drains ( Closed, Walled) Bore Sewers (Piped System)
Source: Concept Adapted from SFD manual- Susana.org | Graphics redefined for LWSC by Pushpak Sahu |
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Liquid waste Norms There is a handbook of the Government of India for Liquid waste management, But no such mandatory policies are yet explored for rural India.
American Liquid waste Discharge Norms
Exploration of Liquid waste management in India is still grey by 2022.
1
pH
2
BOD (5th Day)
<10 mg/l
3
COD
< 10mg/l
4
Suspended Solids
< 10 mg/l
5
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
< 5 mg/l
6
Total Nitrogen
< 5 mg/l
7
Fecal Coliform
< 70 MPN /100ML
Sno.
There are guidelines for discharge standards by CPCB, as mentioned in the table. CPHEEO, CGWB, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate change has also issued water reuse policies with discharge standards. National Green Tribunal is also preparing guidelines for Liquid waste management.
Treated Used water discharge standards as per CPCB norms
Parameter
Standards 6.5-8.0
Japan Liquid waste Discharge Norms Sno.
Parameter
Standards
1
pH
5.8-8.6
2
BOD (5th Day)
< 5 mg/l
3
COD
< 5mg/l
4
Suspended Solids
< 10 mg/l
5
Ammoniacal Nitrogen
< 3 mg/l
6
Total Nitrogen
< 3 mg/l
7
Fecal Coliform
< 45 MPN /100ML
Source: Handbook of the Government of India for Liquid waste management by MoDWS | CBCP | American Oregon Liquid waste Guidelines | Water Pollution Control Law: Effluent Pollution Control and Standards (Japan) (wepa-db.net)
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Existing Situation Documentation
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Gandhinagar District
750 mm
70 to 90m
Gandhinagar has extremely high water stress due to lack of sufficient rainfall and exploited groundwater extraction. Groundwater status of Gujarat districts in 2009
The Gandhinagar district is the second smallest district of Gujarat and still has the most exploited groundwater condition. Being the Administrative capital of Gujarat, it has the most upcoming growth potential due to the influence of Ahmedabad and Mehsana, and studies regarding Liquid waste management are not yet explored here.
Water Supply- Narmada Canal Grid
Among the most exploited GW districts, Gandhinagar gets its water supplies before Mehsana, Palan, and Banas-Kantha from the Narmada canal grid; adequate liquid waste management in Gandhinagar villages would spread higher awareness and willingness for wastewater reuse and conservation.
Source: water.pdf (gujenvis.nic.in) | CGWB report Gandhi nagar (cgwb.gov.in)
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Gandhinagar Sampling Out of 5 sub-districts of Gandhinagar, The sampling methodology was adapted based on the following Categorizations: • Population category segregation
DFC Mansa
Categories (Population) N. Gandhinagar Kalol S. Gandhinagar Dehgam
Number of Villages Population
Number of samples Kalol
S. GandhiNagar
0-1000
44
29539
0
2
0
1001-2500
85
154323
3
2
2
2501-5000
77
275748
8
5
3
5001-10000
42
284250
9
4
5
4
47266
0
1
0
252
791126
20
14
10
10000< TOTAL
Sub-districts of Gandhinagar •
Area Number of Sub-districts: Number of Villages: Total Rural Population: Total Rural Household: Urban
2,163 Km2 4 252 791126 161994
Regional Setting of Subdistricts:
Two Sub-districts were chosen for sample surveying. ❖ Kalol
(14/73 Villages) •
57% Rural Population
Kalol subdistrict is directly catering to the National Dedicated freight corridor and its agglomerations towards industrial settlements.
❖ South Gandhinagar •
(10/65 Villages)
The south Gandhinagar region is sandwiched between Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad, facing intense pressure of aggressive urbanization. But lack of infrastructure is hindering the growth of these regions.
Source: https://forests.gujarat.gov.in/gis-eng.htm | Census Hand book 2011
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Survey Sampling – Kalol
Sub-district
Selected Village
Kalol - Sub District | Gandhinagar Population Household Water Supply Census 2011
Sewer Drains
LWM
1
Vadsar
11,506
1,790
62.17 LPCD
80-95%
N.A
2
Santej
7493
1683
63.45 LPCD
85-95%
N.A
3
Sherisa
6,785
1,420
61.91 LPCD
85-95%
N.A
4
Bhoyan Moti
6,602
1,653
63.62 LPCD
85-90%
N.A
5
Rancharda
4318
940
61.6 LPCD
55-60%
N.A
6
Nasmed
3824
1170
54.33 LPCD
60-70%
N.A
7
Jethalaj
3669
885
63.61 LPCD
50-60%
N.A
8
Khatraj
2760
1680
61.9 LPCD
70-80%
N.A.
9
Bileshwarpura
2289
1730
63.8 LPCD
60-70%
N.A.
10
Ramnagar
2038
398
62.81 LPCD
85-95%
N.A
11
Palodia
1498
584
62.7 LPCD
60-80%
N.A
12
Dhanot
1420
364
63.3 LPCD
75-80%
N.A
13
Sanavad
962
298
62.3
60-70%
N.A
14
Adhana
640
162
62.5 LPCD
75-85 %
N.A
||| One sample survey of village Thol, Mehsana was also conducted for trend identification ||| Source: https://forests.gujarat.gov.in/gis-eng.htm | Census Hand book 2011 | JJM Portal | Primary Survey Data | Telephonic Conversations with the Village Sarpanch
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Survey Sampling – South Gandhinagar
Sub-district
South Gandhi Nagar - Sub District | Gandhinagar Sno.
Selected Village
Population Household Census 2011
Water Supply
Sewer Drains
LWM
1
Chhala
9,691
1,762
56.03 LPCD
75-95%
N.A.
2
Valad
9399
2,478
57.29 LPCD
80-95%
N.A.
3
Chiloda Mota
8,092
1,590
56.85 LPCD
80-95%
N.A.
4
Sadra
5989
1,205
56.15 LPCD
60-85%
N.A.
5
Shiholi Moti
5953
2,022
65.51 LPCD
60-95%
N.A.
6
Dashela
4111
1,088
58.38 LPCD
60-80%
N.A.
7
Lavarpur
3584
573
56.03 LPCD
85-95%
N.A.
8
Shahpur
3525
1,191
65.44 LPCD
40-65%
N.A.
9
Pirojpur
2041
745
64.58 LPCD
40-60%
N.A.
10
Limbadiya
1467
752
58.09 LPCD
75-95%
N.A.
Source: https://forests.gujarat.gov.in/gis-eng.htm | Census Handbook 2011 | JJM Portal | Primary Survey Data | Telephonic Conversations with the Village Sarpanch
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Villages and their User interface coverage 60%
Coverage
100%
75-90% User Interface Coverage
Toilet / Washroom Coverage needs to be explored into various villages. But the primary survey found Gandhinagar villages have about 75-90% of user interface coverages i.e. upgraded sanitation practices at the household level. Source: Primary Survey
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Community water tank
User interfaces can be improved for efficient water usage and liquid waste management
The remaining 15-25% of coverage is from the liquid waste that litters from the user interface at community taps, public wash, and common Household wash areas that need to be addressed.
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Villages have Conveyance Network 60%
Coverage
100%
60-80% Conveyance coverage
Villages need to set up regular maintenance and realignment of their conveyance network, but many villages still lack full coverage of sewers. Source: Primary Survey | Swachh Bharat Mission(G)- MIS (sbm.gov.in)
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Desludging chambers are misaligned.
Maintenance and realignment of sewer pipes can increase the efficiency of the coverage..
Spillover can be prevented by regular timed maintenance.
Villages need to refurbish their existing network; basic realignment activities can improve their collection network. The collection chambers can be enhanced via interceptor chambers to perform during peak hours.
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Villages that require ex-situ Treatment solutions No Treatment Practice found
0% Safe Disposal
No pond was found safe for potable purposes during surveys. Source: Primary Survey
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The wastewater ponds exist into proximity to many residences or inside habitation.
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The wastewater disposal ponds have been impacted to extreme solid waste disposal.
Eutrophicated ponds can never heal themselves, it needs manual abatement for its revival.
Water bodies and local rain catchments are waste disposal sites in the villages also many ponds are getting eutrophicated due to silt decomposition.
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Summary of key issues identified for Liquid Waste Management 75-90% User Interface Coverage
60-80%
No Treatment:
User Interface Coverage
Need for Treatment Infrastructure
User Interface
Conveyance
Treatment & Disposal
Need for adequate Household discharge, i.e., providing an exemplary user interface for Household and community consumption.
Need for maintenance of sewer system via refurbishing and expansions.
Villages with coverage systems of sewer drain need to explore their adequate treatment system for sustainable disposal and reuse to bring efficient water management and building water security.
Need for Community Services Need for Household User Interface
Need of Management Expansion of Coverage
Need of Infrastructure Setup for Operation & Management
Source: Primary Survey
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Case Studies
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Liquid waste Management Policy Practicing States Meghalaya, Rural Liquid waste Management Guidelines
Punjab: 10396 villages to revive ponds; Ex-situ Treatment Technologies for Grey Water Management Guidelines
The concept of wastewater reuse is acknowledged in the state water policy, Committee for JJM, and concern for GWM were formulated in 2020.
The Haryana Pond and Wastewater Management Authority Act, 2018.
RAJASTHAN STATE SEWERAGE & WASTEWATER POLICY- 2016
Govt. of Madhya Pradesh State Level Policy (2017) for Wastewater Recycle & Reuse and Fecal Sludge Management (FSM)
Govt. of Gujarat policy for reuse of treated wastewater (May 2018) Dual plumbing system & recycling of Liquid waste in homes, guidelines Gujarat
“Magic Pits” of Telangana. Approved GWM guidelines.
Need of Rural Focused actions distinctly
Detailed Guidelines with Type designs were issued by the Government of Tamil Nadu MGNREGS during 2017-2018 for Liquid waste Management for Rural Areas
Legend
Kolhapur District Liquid Waste Management PPT Maharashtra Water Reuse Policy and Wastewater Reuse Certificates Platform Regulations 2019
Source: (mwrra.org) | SBM Website | Rajasthan Govt. Website | MP Gov. Website | Haryana Govt. Website
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Taking Active Actions for Rural Have Policy advisory for Rural Have Policy for Urban Only
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Punjab Case study
Punjab cleaned its 10000 villages’ ponds by 2020. Technology options adapted by Punjab for rural GWM • Magic Pits for HH/communities • Various combinations of WSP • Mechanically Nano-bubble aerated WSP
Source: Punjab Government Incurs Rs. 3.40 Crore On Cleaning Of 413 Ponds In Ferozepur District Amid Lockdown (5dariyanews.com) | Punjab LWM SBM G | TNN
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User Interface Case Studies The adequate infrastructure of water consumption interface could be categorized into various components for rural India as follows: •
Kitchen and dishwashing interface
•
Bathroom and laundry interface
•
Asset washing: House cleansing, car washing, or animal cleansing activities
Images from Telangana LWM
Water supply tap as the source of Liquid waste generation, Increased water consumption with extreme water scarcity due to poor sanitation facilities.
Providing an adequate User interface can make a difference in water consumption efficiency, management, women’s privacy, and hygiene.
Source: : Primary Survey (Pushpak Sahu); Rancharda Feb 2021 | SLWM - Liquid waste Management Tamil Nadu PPT
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Containment Case Studies Meghalaya Rural Liquid waste Management
After users consume water,
Biofilter for oil/ silt removal directed to soak pit or locality drain
Liquid waste should get collected with preliminary filtration screening. It would contain the Liquid waste for further reuse and adequate management. Containment of Liquid waste should ideally be free from contact with black water. The spillover and open spreading of liquid pollution in the locality cause the breeding of germs, diseases, mosquitoes, flees, and unhygienic conditions.
Before and after representative photograph with an adequate containment chamber after the user interface
Before and after representative photograph due to lack of User interface and Containment. Image source: Primary Survey (Pushpak Sahu); Rancharda Feb 2021 |
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Various Locally Available Biofilters / Screening Fillers Various Natural local Ingredients Purpose of the ingredient for primary Biofiltration
• Moringa seeds are good coagulating agents for enhancing Settlement,
Moringa Seeds
Moringa husk (Drumstick husk) Sugarcane Husk
Usage Scale
Efficient consumption period
• Community Scale - Sedimentation Chamber • Household scale into Oil trap chamber
• Hourly/Daily flow-dependent
• Silt and oil trap biofilter media only • Can be used at all scales for increasing • Sugarcane husk has coagulating screening efficiency properties too for the first day of its use.
End Sludge Reuse
• Composting • Land filling
• Needs to be replace and grinded weekly
Paddy / Coconut Husk
Sponge Gourd
• Silt and oil trap biofilter
• Household screening chamber • Community screening chamber/Sedimentation/aeration chamber inlet
Natural Fabrics
• Microfiltration & Ultrafiltration abilities
• Membrane filtration
• Needs to be replaced weekly
• Needs to be maintained with cleanliness till its durability
Various screening biofiltration ingredients only reduce the silt and oil components from the liquid waste. Liquid waste would need further treatment measures after sedimentation and coagulation towards disinfection.
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Safe Conveyance of Liquid waste Case Studies For proper reuse of Liquid waste, transporting the resource with efficiency is much of need as much of its treatment.
Covered sewage transportation practices in rural Chhattisgarh
• Inadequate closed piped drainage systems, • open-drain, • or lack of systems in rural areas Lead to mixing various kinds of wastewater (black and grey), contamination of water resources, and the spread of pathogens.
Representative image of common sewage transportation practices in rural India Source: Primary Survey (Pushpak Sahu);
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Case Studies for Treatment of Collected Liquid waste
Household Chennai
Baran- Patiala
Treatment & reuse of Liquid waste should step with four sequential categories: •
Household Phase
•
Community Phase
•
Village Phase
•
Inter Village Cluster Network
Kolhapur
Source: SBM Garmin Punjab |SLWM/Kolhapur_Maharashtra_GWM_PPT.pdf | https://www.thebetterindia.com/135718/Liquid waste-recycling-home-guide-India
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Reuse and Disposal of Treated Liquid waste
5-pond system
Batour village was facing the problem of drainage. Residents recognized an opportunity even in the wastewater. The panchayat started filtering dirty water coming from the village after collecting it at a spot. The filtered water is now being used by farmers for irrigation purposes. - recognized by Narendra Modi, Prime Minister
Building treatment plants is not enough; good reuse and disposal of treated water are to be practiced to bring sustainability. Reuse can be done at any phase of the service chain and any scale, from household flushing to community toilets or dual plumbing systems. Various Reuse and disposal practices in Rural Areas Source: Liquid waste-guidelines-presentation-for-Gauteng-workshop.pdf |
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Liquid waste treatment Practices in Rural India MEGHALAYA- EAST GARO HILLS Project timeline: 2013-18 Methodology: Biofilter + Containment Scale: Households
PUNJAB - PATIALA Project timeline: 2013-18 Methodology: Waste Stabilization Pond Scale: Village of population 7000
User platform
Biofilter
Screening Chamber
Digestion Unit
Oil trap
Soak pit
Skimming tank
Sedimentati on tank
Oxidation Pond
Overflow Outlet Key takeaway:
Key takeaway:
•
•
•
TAMIL NADU- T.PUDUPATTI GP
Biofilter at the containment chamber played a crucial role. The improved soak pit is a test of behavior change for the people
•
Project timeline: 2016-17 Methodology: Community soak pit Scale: Village of Population 2700 Containment Chamber
Charcoal bed filter
Storage tank
Gravel filter
• •
Project timeline: 2015-20 Methodology: Onsite & offsite DEWATS Scale: Village Of Population 6500
Filter screen
Plant based filter
User platform
Gravel filters
Magic pit
Baffled reactor
Aerobic polishing pond
Outflow
Key takeaway:
Enables water stock and capacity building at the village scale. Good source of irrigation with rich nutrients BOD content.
TELANGANA - MENTAPALLY GP
Key takeaway:
Community soak pit with plant-based vertical gravel filter for safe disposal. Can flood easily due to lack of containment chambers.
• •
Adequate containment management led to drain-free villages via magic pits. Aerated lagoon enables a safe disposal system.
Source: https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/
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Conventional Treatment Practices at Rural areas TIRUNIVELLI, TN
KACHPURA VILLAGE, AGRA Project timeline: 2010 Methodology: DEWATS Scale: Community Screen Chamber
Baffled Anaerobic Reactor
KURAK JAGIR VILLAGE, HARYANA
Project timeline: 2014 Methodology: Aerobic Constructed Pond Scale: Village Chambered Septic Tank
Planted filter bed
Irrigation
Key takeaway: • The bed is filled with three different types of filter media (white river pebbles, red stones, and gravels) and planted with Canna indica.
Project timeline: 2010-14 Methodology: Aquaculture Scale: Village
KOREGAON, MAHARASHTRA Project timeline: 2013-18 Methodology: Plant-based filter Soak pit Scale: Household
User platform
Gravel filters
Drains
Anaerobic Pond 1
House
Oil Trap
Plant bed filter
Aerobic polishing pond
Anaerobic Pond 2
Facultative Pond
Grit Chamber
Plant Filters
Maturation Pond
Pisciculture pond
Soak pit
Irrigation
Key takeaway: The system is very low cost and maintenance based upon gravity flow via contours.
Key takeaway: The final pond is used for Pisciculture And generates a good economy for the local community.
Key takeaway: Canna Indica is a good water treatment plant for a household wetland system.
Source: https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Existing Documentation
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Solution Strategy
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
34
Innovative Technological Treatment Practices ROADSIDE NBS via LIQUID WASTE
LOCATION: GLASGOW UK For small communities with adequate electricity and collection system availability. Electrolytic treatment is a feasible option to get an immediate reusable source of water. This technique only deals with COD and TSS does not deal with BOD. Reuse of output can be adapted for cleaning & irrigation purposes.
HOUSEHOLD CONTAINMENT PREFILTERATION SYSTEM
LOCATION: DEXTER UK
ELECTROLYTIC GREY WATER TREATMENT
LOCATION: CHENNAI, TN
This is the ideal solution that every household must apply before discharging their Liquid waste to the main collection line. With very low maintenance, it removes all dirt, oil, and TSS via gravity. Reuse can be adapted from the system for all non-potable purposes in the household except bathing and kitchen.
NANOBUBBLE AERATION TECHNOLOGY
LOCATION: ROPAR PUNJAB
For small communities with adequate electricity and collection system availability. Electrolytic treatment is a feasible option to get an immediate reusable source of water. This technique only deals with COD and TSS does not deal with BOD. Reuse of output can be adapted for cleaning & irrigation purposes.
This is an adequate technology for multi pond aerated lagoon system to adapt to water stabilization. This aerates water at a very rapid rate taking care of BOD and COD to an high extent. Reuse of Water is potable after further osmosis. And all kinds of non-potable purposes can be adapted.
Source: https://biorock.com/_files/file/products/ecorock/ecorock_brochure_en.pdf | https://www.cleantechwater.co.in/ | Green Loo - Grey Water | https://swachhbharatmission.gov.in/
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35
Urban Technological Treatment Practices - International MABR (Membrane aerated Biofilm Reactor)
LOCATION: FLUENUSCE For Urban cities with adequate electricity and collection system availability. High End treatment for black water to irrigation reuse & non potable purposes.
NANOFILTERATION MEMBRANE PROCESS
LOCATION: NEWYORK
SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (SBR)
LOCATION: MORLEY, ALBERTA
This is the ideal solution that can attain the most cleanest water that can be adopted for drinking purposes. Can attain BOD with precise quality as 3mg/l.
This Technology is adequate for decentralized system for townships in urban settlements. This system contains 2 days of discharge capacity and treats black water via aeration and pressure filter suction.
Can attain discharge norm of BOD 10 mg/l
MOVING BED MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR
LOCATION: BUGOLOBI, UGANDA This Plant comprises two inlet screw pumping stations, mechanical pre-treatment with coarse and fine screens and aerated grit removal, primary sedimentation, aerobic treatment in high-performance trickling filters, secondary clarifiers, mechanical sludge thickening, anaerobic mesophilic sludge stabilization, biogas multi-ponder rapidly, taking care of all BOD/COD & odor treatments.
Source: Fluence (fluencecorp.com) | SynderFiltration | (Napier-reid.com) | (fluidynecorp.com)
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
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Comparison of Various Treatment Technologies post-screening
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
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Solution Strategy
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37
Solution Selection Strategy
PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Page No.
38
Fundamental Pillars of Strategy to achieve LWM
Implementation, Operation & Scaleup
Technology Selection
• Assessing Various Technologies and their feasibility for selecting the most suitable option for the rural villages of various segments.
• • • •
Finance
Project Phasing Implementation Framework Operation & Maintenance Upgradation & Scaling Up
• Rural villages need to depend on grants, loans & CSRs until the revenue generation comes from water reuse businesses.
Technology Selection Methodology
Village Category Distribution
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Technology Assessment
Existing Documentation
Feasibility Check
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Solution Strategy
Technology Selection Criteria
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
39
Fundamental Pillars of Strategy to achieve LWM
Implementation, Operation & Scaleup
Technology Selection
• Assessing Various Technologies and their feasibility for selecting the most suitable option for the rural villages of various segments. • Excel toolkit for calculating the volumetric elemental design of various technological systems.
• • • •
Finance
Project Phasing Implementation Framework Operation & Maintenance Upgradation & Scaling Up
• Rural villages need to depend on grants, loans & CSRs until the revenue generation comes from water reuse businesses.
Technology Selection Methodology Village Category Distribution
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Technology Assessment
Existing Documentation
Feasibility Check
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
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Technology Selection Criteria
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
40
Village Categorization Based Upon Population Total Villages in Gandhinagar District - 252 Average Water (Piped) Supply of the Region
60 LPCD (below SLB)
Per capita discharge
50 LPCD + GW (10 LPCD)*
Total Generation Gandhinagar District (Rural)
Population Count
7,91,126
45-65 MLD
Household Count
1,61,994 Number of Villages
Population More than 1,0000
Population b/w 5,000-10,000
Population b/w 1,000 – 5,000
Population less than 1,000
Number of Villages
Number of Villages
Number of Villages
Number of Villages
4
43
161
44
Population Count
3,31,516
3,31,516
4,30,071
29539
Household Count
6,8021
6,8021
87,998
5975
Satellite Imagery Analysis for Cluster Identification Feasible Large Scale Clusters Identified
7 NOS only
Would Cater to 16 Habitations
Rest all are Individually dispersed habitations
Due to the substantial spread distance between settlements, all village habitations must be separately managed. Clustering and interlinking should be adapted with capacity building and the growth of the rural network. Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
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41
0 Dabhoda Bahiyel Pansar Chhala Lodra Santej Chiloda (Dabhoda) Titoda Vadodara Pundhara Manekpur Makakhad Sadra Sanoda Lavad Mahudi Boru Dhamasna Halisa Bariya Piyaj Dharisana Prantiya Jindva Isanpur Mota Hajipur Isand Dashela Delvad Jethlaj Vasna Rathod Shiyavada Mandali (Vihar) Navanagar Amaja Isanpur Dodiya Kharna Khanpur Nasmed Galthara Galudan Mahudara Bhoyan Rathod Sametri Lavarpur Kuvadara Giyod Salki Rangpur Rakanpur Chamla Jalund Bileshvarpura Krishnanagar Rampura (M) Zak Medra Karoli Bhadroda Vankanerda Amarapur Bhimasan Vansajada Dhedia Vayana Unali Kodrali Patanpura Anguthala Ranchhodpura Bhadol Usmanabad Chekhalarani Dantali Nava Dharmpur Pasuniya Pahadiya Ramnagar Mirjapur Bhimpura Velpura Mahudiya Gunma Meghraj Na Muvada Thadakuva Sambela
Village Categorization Based Upon Treatment Capacities Required Treatment Capacity Needed
Introduction
PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022 Existing Documentation
Capacity of Treatment
800
400
200
Case Studies
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS Solution Strategy
Number of Villages (GN)
1000
900
700
600
500
300
100
500 - 1000 KLD 14
250-500 KLD 63
100-250 KLD 105
15-100 KLD 70
Source: Primary Survey
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
42
Technology Assessment Type of Process Power Requirement Manpower and Skillset Moving Parts Capacity Building Operation Management Sludge Control Durability Efficiency Area Requirement Special Requirements Disinfection Ability Reuse Potential
Under 15 Technical parameters, 6 Technologies were compared for their Technical, Functional, and operation properties for analyzing the Suitability Check
Parameters
DEWATS
MBR
SBR
Principle of Operation It is an advanced version It is an enhanced version of
UAerSB + Tricking Filter
Sedimentation + gravel
Nano
bed filters + WSP
filtration
It is a sequential batch
In this process, WW is
It is a partial process of
It is an enhanced version of
process where one batch
regularly aerated and
DEWATS where digestion is
MBR where the treated
sedimented over several
neglected, and water is
water can be of the desired
and filtered with a multi- circular tanks and filtered
filtered with gravel to remove
quality passing through
before discharging to
soil layer pressure
with trickling sprayers over
only silt.
various nanomembrane
WSP
chamber.
a gravel bed.
of a waste stabilization
DEWATS where the post
pond, where aerated
sediment filtration is done with is aerated, sedimented,
filtration happens
digestion over the Membrane.
layer filters.
Source: Primary Study info from DRP Report
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
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Feasibility Assessment Check: Group 500- 1000 KLD Feasibility Check for Capacity Requirement 500-1000 KLD into Villages - Categorized for our Sample Villages Gandhi Nagar Villages for Pilot Selection
Name of Village
Investment
15 years O&M O&M per O&M per capita household (Including (Including Inflation) Inflation)
Project Life Cycle Cost for 15 years operation
Capacity
CAPEX per Household Total CAPEX capita
Technology Suggestion
(M3/d)
NOS
NOS
M. B. R.
5001000KLD
above Above 5000 800
80 -100 lacs 1600-2000
10000 12500
2-3 lacs
55-85 Lacs
95-130
500-720
135-185 Lacs
5001000KLD
above Above 5000 800
80 -100 lacs 1600-2000
10000 12500
2-4 lacs
55-110 Lacs
95-150
500-1000
135 - 210 Lacs
500U. AerSB + Trickling Filter 1000KLD
above Above 5000 800
80 -100 lacs 1600-2000
10000 12500
2-4 lacs
55-110 Lacs
95-150
500-1000
135 - 210 Lacs
DEWATS - Multi System
5001000KLD
above Above 5000 800
60-100 lacs 1200-2000
7500 - 12500 2-3 lacs
55-85 Lacs
95-130
500-720
135-185 Lacs
Nanofiltration
5001000KLD
500500-1000KLD 1000KLD 100-150 lacs 2000-3000
12500-18750 2-4 lacs
55-110 Lacs
95-150
500-1000
135 - 210 Lacs
Lacs
CAPEX Per household
O&M Total O&M (NPV) / (Including year Inflation)
Population Range
rupees/capita rupees/HH
rupees/year rupees (15 yr) rupees/capita/yr rupees/HH/yr CAPEX + OPEX15
Vadsar Santej Sherisa
Bhoyan Moti Palsana
S. B. R.
Chhala
Valad Chiloda Mota Sadra
Shiholi Moti Sources: Primary Study info from DRP Report
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Feasibility Assessment Check: Group 250 - 500 KLD Feasibility Check for Capacity Requirement 250-500 KLD into Villages - Categorized for our Sample Villages Gandhi Nagar Villages for Pilot Selection
Household Total CAPEX
CAPEX Per household
O&M Total O&M (NPV) / (Including year Inflation)
O&M per capita (Including Inflation)
O&M per household (Including Inflation)
Project Life Cycle Cost for 15 years operation
NOS
NOS
Lacs
rupees/capita
rupees/HH
rupees/year
rupees/capita/yr
rupees/HH/yr
CAPEX + OPEX15
Modular M. B. R.
250-500 KLD
30005000
500 -800
30-60 lacs
1000-1600
6000-12000
1-1.5 lacs
15-22.5 Lacs
100-150
500-750 Lacs
Modular S. B. R.
250-500 KLD
30005000
500 -800
30-60 lacs
1000-1600
6000-12000
1-2 lacs
15-30 Lacs
100-200
500-1000 Lacs
DEWATS
250-500 KLD
30005000
500 -800
30-60 lacs
1000-1600
6000-12000
1-1.5 lacs
15-22.5 Lacs
100-150
500-750 Lacs
Nano filtration
250-500 KLD
30005000
500 -800
40-80 lacs
1400-2000
8000-14000
1-2 lacs
15-30 Lacs
100-200
500-1000 Lacs
Name of Village (M3/d)
Jaspur Nasmed Khatraj Bileshwarpura
15 years O&M CAPEX per capita
Capacity
Rancharada Jethlaj
Investment
Population Range
rupees (15 yr)
Dhanot Ramnagar
Dashela Lavarpur Shahpur Source: Primary Study info from DRP Report
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Feasibility Assessment Check: Group 100 - 250 KLD Feasibility Check for Capacity Requirement 100-250 KLD into Villages - Categorized for our Sample Villages Gandhi Nagar Villages for Pilot Selection
Household Total CAPEX
CAPEX Per household
O&M Total O&M (NPV) / (Including year Inflation)
O&M per capita (Including Inflation)
O&M per household (Including Inflation)
Project Life Cycle Cost for 15 years operation
NOS
NOS
Lacs
rupees/capita
rupees/HH
rupees/year
rupees/capita/yr
rupees/HH/yr
CAPEX + OPEX15
100-250 KLD
10003000
300 -800
10 - 30 lacs
1000-1600
3000-9000
1-1.2 lacs
15-18 Lacs
100-120
500-600
Modular S. B. R. 100-250 KLD
10003000
300 -800
10 - 30 lacs
1000-1600
3000-9000
1-1.2 lacs
15-18 Lacs
100-120
500-600
10003000
300 -800
10 - 30 lacs
1000-1600
3000-9000
1-1.2 lacs
15-18 Lacs
100-120
500-600
300 -800
10 - 30 lacs 1000-1600
3000-9000
1-1.2 lacs
15-18 Lacs
100-120
500-600
Name of Village (M3/d)
Pirozpur Limbadiya
Modular M. B. R.
Population Range
DEWATS 100-250 KLD Conveyance + Sedimentation + 100-250 KLD gravel bed filters + WSP Palodiya
Pirozpur
15 years O&M CAPEX per capita
Capacity
Palodiya
Investment
10003000
rupees (15 yr)
100-250 KLD
10003000
300 -800
10 - 30 lacs
1000-1600
3000-9000
1-1.2 lacs
15-18 Lacs
100-120
500-600
Modular S. B. R. 100-250 KLD
10003000
300 -800
10 - 30 lacs
1000-1600
3000-9000
1-1.2 lacs
15-18 Lacs
100-120
500-600
Modular M. B. R.
Source: Primary Study info from DRP Report
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46
Feasibility Assessment Check: Group 15 - 100 KLD Feasibility Check for Capacity Requirement 100-250 KLD into Villages - Categorized for our Sample Villages Gandhi Nagar Villages for Pilot Selection
Name of Village
Investment
Capacity
Population Range
(M3/d)
NOS
Collection + Sedimentation Minor village with 15-100 KLD 300-1000 + gravel bed population below filters + WSP 1000
Aadhna
15 years O&M O&M per O&M per capita household (Including Inflation) (Including Inflation)
Household Total CAPEX
CAPEX per capita
CAPEX Per household
O&M Total O&M (NPV) / (Including year Inflation)
NOS
Lacs
rupees/capita
rupees/HH
rupees/year rupees (15 yr) rupees/capita/yr rupees/HH/yr
CAPEX + OPEX15
150-300
5-20 lacs
1600-2000
6000-12000
1-1.2 lacs
11-18 Lacs
75-100
450-600
16-38 Lacs
1200-1600 Rs
6000-12000
.75-1.25 lacs 11-18 Lacs
75-100
450-600
16-38 Lacs
Collection + Community soak 15-100 KLD 20-500 pits with Biofilter Media
150-300 5 -10 lacs
Individual HH Soak pits with 0.5-1 KLD Bio-Filter media
1--5
Project Life Cycle Cost for 15 years operation
Sanvad 5--20
0.1 - 0.15 lacs 1500-2000 Rs 0.1 - 0.15 lacs
Individual HH Responsibility
Additional Note: For smaller habitations villages with a high groundwater table, To reduce the impact on groundwater quality, soak pits should be replaced by -Collection + Sedimentation + gravel bed filters + WSP system Source: Primary Study info from DRP Report
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
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47
Technology Selection Criteria for Infrastructure Provision Sno.
Selected Villages for Kalol
Suitable Technology Option
Selected Village for South Gandhinagar
Suitable Technology Option
1
Chhala
MBR,
Sno.
Suggestion
Suggestion
1
Vadsar
MBR,
2
Santej
MBR ,
3
Sherisa
MBR ,
2
Valad
MBR,
4
Bhoyan Moti
MBR ,
3
Chiloda Mota
MBR,
5
Rancharda
MBR ,
6
Nasmed
MBR ,
4
Sadra
MBR,
7
Jethalaj
DEWATS
5
Shiholi Moti
MBR,
8
Khatraj
DEWATS
9
Bileshwarpura
DEWATS
6
Dashela
MBR,
10
Ramnagar
Modular MBR, 7
Lavarpur
MBR,
11
Palodia
DEWATS
12
Dhanot
Modular MBR,
8
Shahpur
DEWATS
13
Sanavad
9
Pirojpur
DEWATS
10
Limbadiya
Modular MBR,
Collection + Sedimentation + gravel bed filters + WSP
14
Adhana
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Collection + Sedimentation + gravel bed filters + WSP Existing Documentation
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
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48
Technology Selection Criteria for Infrastructure Provision Capacity range of Treatment Population/
Technology Options Suggestions
Block Cost Per Plant Village Allocation
Required
Household Range
500-1000 KLD
-5000 & above
Select with Treatment Option & Feasibility check Comparison,
-1600 HH above
or customize based on Treatment Chain selection
-3000 to 5000
Select with Treatment Option & Feasibility check Comparison,
-800 to 1600 HH
or customize based on Treatment Chain selection
-1000 to 3000
Adapt with
- 250 to 500 HH
- DEWATS
250-500 KLD 100-250 KLD
Under SBM-G 2.0
60 – 150 Lacs
50 – 100 Lacs
30 - 60 Lacs
10.5 – 50 Lacs
20 – 30 Lacs
5 – 10.5 Lacs
2 – 20 Lacs
1.6 – 4 Lacs
Approx. Cost
Total Allocation under
- Sedimentation + gravel bed filters + WSP or customize based on Treatment Chain selection 15-100 KLD
- Below 1000
Adapting with
- Below 250 HH
- Community Soak pit - HH Soak pits - Sedimentation + gravel bed filters + WSP
- DEWATS Total Treatment Capacity Req.
Treatment Chain Based Technology Selection has been explained
– 65 MLD
in the Annexure section
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Existing Documentation
SBM G 2.0 – 85 Crore
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Solution Strategy
– 35 Crores
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
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Treatment chain-based technology selection • Treatment sequence solution can be selected from the menu as per the feasible requirement of the village. • For village-scale management all three phases of treatment are required for impactful results, their technologies can be selected and evolved.
Primary
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Existing Documentation
Secondary
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Tertiary
Solution Strategy
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
50
Primary Treatment Key Challenges: 1. Silt 2. Overflooding 3. Velocity & Turbulence
Primary Screening
Velocity Equalization Tank & Flow Laminator
Silt Removal Sedimentation Tank
Village Scale Secondary Treatment
Household Scale Soak pit, Kitchen garden
In situ Concrete Structure
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Existing Documentation
Oil Removal Flocculation Tank
Modular System for the quantity up to 300 KLD
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
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51
Secondary Treatment Key Challenges: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
BOD COD pH TSS Chlorine
Digestor System
Gravel Filter (TSS Removal)
Digestion filter (Gravity/pressurized)
•Batch Reactor • up to 100 KLD
•Sandbed filter •Pressurized Sandbed Filter •Charcoal bed gravel filter •Biofilter Media
•Baffled Reactor • For more than 100 KLD
• Moringa Seed Based Filter media Screen •Dry Bushes •Sponge Guard •Paddy Leaves •Sugarcane
•Anaerobic Baffled Reactor + Aerobic Filter •MBR, MMBR etc
In situ Concrete Structure
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
•Sand Filter Constructed Gravel bed Wetland •Gravel & Charcoal Bed filtration
Existing Documentation
Modular System for the quantity up to 100 KLD
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
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Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
52
Tertiary Treatment Key Challenges: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Pathogen Removal Salt Stabilization Non-Potable Reuse Potable Reuse
Pond Aeration Systems after abatement
• Micro bubbling • Sprinklers • Floating wetlands
Disinfection & Stabilization
Non-potable Reuse
•Sprinkler Irrigation •Drip Irrigation •Dual plumbing systems •Community Wash & Toilet usage •Industrial use
PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Existing Documentation
•Osmosis •Pressurized Nanomembrane Filters
• Ultraviolet Disinfection • Chlorination • Electrolysis
In situ Concrete Structure
Introduction
Potable Reuse
Modular System for the quantity up to 100 KLD
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Solution Strategy
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
53
Revenue generation via reuse of liquid waste for production.
Water spinach cultivation in a drainage ditch (Dili) Image Credit: Tatoli Ba Kultura (2013)
Tata Steel Meramandali organizes training for farmers on Pisciculture
Pisciculture
Aquaculture
Drip irrigated permaculture
Permaculture
Industrial use
Source: Tata Steel Meramandali organizes training for farmers on Pisciculture- CSRBOX | vikalpsangam.org |Wastewater reuse for aquaculture - from traditional knowledge to modern techniques • Department of Earth Sciences (fu-berlin.de)
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Volumetric Design Calculation Toolkit Treatment System Volumetric Design Toolkit for DEWATS, MBR, SBR & UAerSB + Trickling Filters
Volumetric design of each component containers
Input
Source: SBM- G- MIS App Screenshot for Greywater management section.
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Example - Design strategy for Rancharda - Palodia Cluster Rancharda - Palodia Projected Population to cater: 10,000 WSP Pond area available: 16 Ha Needed collection coverage line: 5 Km
Input Variables for selected cluster into the toolkit
Waste Stabilization Pond Proposed Collection Network Conveyance Coverage available
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Volumetric Design for Rancharda - Palodia Cluster Output Design Complete gravity-based DEWATS system
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
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Implementation & Scale Up Strategy
PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Page No.
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Project Implementation Timeline till 2030 Sno. Components
Pilot : Phase 1
Year 1 1
Legal framework formation and Approvals
2
Official Portal based Village Registration
3
Data Collection & Management via Portal
4
Gram Panchayat Sanitation Committee verification
5
PMC / Advisory Body Agreements
6
Village Technology Plans Preparation
7
Village Action Plan Approvals
8
Implementation works
9
Operation & Monitoring Setup
Year 2
Year 3
Replication : Phase 2
Year 4
Year 5
Year 6
Year 7
Year 8
Year 9
Year 10
10 Reuse And Revenue Infrastructure Setup 11 IEC Campaigning: Training & Awareness
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Implementation framework State SBM_G Portal
Grant/ Subsidies
(State LWM Portal)
CSR / NGO / FDI / Investors
GWSSB [SBM-G LWM Committee] Specific Special Coordination
Block Office
Gram Panchayat
Technical Advisory Team
Consultants / PMC
Design Verifications / DPR Resolutions & Policy Driven Actions/ Financing
Advisory, Auditing & Fund transfers
Fixed Timeline Contract
DPR preparation
SN
Responsibility
1.
Gram Panchayat Sanitation Committee (GPSC) GOI / GOG
GWSSB
Block
GP
Statuary Permissions
✔
✔
2.
Funding
✔
✔
✔
✔
3.
Design/Specifications
✔
4.
Execution of Work
✔
5.
Supervision & Quality
6.
O&M
✔
✔
7.
Revenue Collection
✔
✔
8.
Complaint & Feedbacks
✔
✔
PMC
GPSC
Operation & Management Reuse business models
Revenue / Grants Feedback
NGO’s
PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Households
Institutional Matrix
Implementation
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔ ✔
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SBM-G’s15th FC provisions for National Scheme Allotments for Liquid waste Management into villages under 15th FC
The government of India has approved,
Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase-II.
Components
To support villages with the sustainability of ODF outcomes and arrangement for solid and liquid waste management by 2024-25. The 15th Finance Commission has recommended an allocation of Rs.2,36,805 Crore to rural local bodies (RLBs) for the period 2021-22 to 2025-26,
Year-wise allocation of tied grant for water supply & sanitation services
Liquid waste Management Activities
IEC and capacity building
Flexi funds
Financial Assistance Village Size Financial Support population Up to Rs. 280 per Village Level Up to <5000 capita Up to Rs. 660 per 5000< above capita • 30% of this amount will be borne by GP's from 15th FC grants. • Every village can utilize about Rs. 1 Lakh for GWM as per their requirements Up to 5% of the total funding for programmatic components (up to 3% to be used at state/district levels and up to 2% at central level) States can use Flexi funds as per Ministry of Finance guidelines issued in this regard, from time to time for innovations/technology options at the state level to meet the local needs and requirements within them The overall objective of the scheme is to provide LWM for all.
Source: SBM(G)2.0 Manual | Manual for the utilization of the 15 Finance Commission tied grants to Rural Local Bodies/ PRIs for water & sanitation (2021-22 to 2025-26) | https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1603628
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Existing Documentation
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Solution Strategy
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
61
Allocations for Gujarat for SLWM Indicative list for Liquid waste management activities for the source of funding:
15th FC basic grants for Rural Local Bodies of Gujarat (40% of RLB grants) ( Rs. In crore) State
2021-22
2022-23
2023-24
2024-25
2025-26
Total
Gujarat
944.8
978.4
989.2
1047.6
1022
4982
15th FC Tied grants for Rural Local Bodies of Gujarat (60% of RLB grants) ( Rs. In crore) State
2021-22
2022-23
2023-24
2024-25
2025-26
Source of fundings Components SBM2.0 •
1417.2
1467.6
1482.8
1571.4
1533
✓
✓
✓
•
Soak pits
✓
✓
✓
•
Liquid waste Management Systems (WSP) Liquid waste management systems such as Waste Stabilisation Ponds, Constructed Wetlands, DEWATS, or any other technology suitable for local conditions
✓
✓
✓
✓
Total
7473
A huge allocation of funds is in the pipeline, an adequate portal for its utilization towards SLWM can bring a great change. SBM Suggests adapting for convergence for effective implementation progress
MGNR EGS
Creation of Silt, Oil & Grease chamber for pre-treatment of Liquid waste before channelizing into community Liquid waste management system
•
Gujarat
15th FC
•
Drainage Channels
✓
•
O&M for GWM
✓
CSR/ Others
✓
✓
✓
Source: SBM(G)2.0 Manual | Manual for the utilization of the 15 Finance Commission tied grants to Rural Local Bodies/ PRIs for water & sanitation (2021-22 to 2025-26)
Introduction PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Existing Documentation
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Solution Strategy
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
62
Way forward & Challenges Complete coverage of efficient liquid waste management services in all rural habitations of Gujarat state may cost estimates of about 25000 Crores. Gujarat needs an integrated rural Sanitation management system Via Decentralized E-governance for State Scale Coverage of Liquid Waste Management. Critical challenges for achieving complete liquid waste management: Routine Strategic Data Collection & Management
Target SDG’s
Governance & Financing
Into Rural Areas
IEC Campaigns Complain Redressals & Capacity Building
PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
Food Security
(SDG 6)
(SDG 2)
Hygienic Habitation for all
Industry, Innovation & Infrastructures
(SDG 3)
(SDG 9)
Scheduled Monitoring & Operation Reuse & Revenue Generation: Exploring various Business opportunities
Integrated Rural Sanitation Management System for Decentralized E-governance & Advisory Introduction
Water Security Building
Existing Documentation
Case Studies LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
Solution Strategy
Way Forward & Challenges Page No.
63
THANK YOU
PUSHPAK SAHU | PUI200022
LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS
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