ET TION STRE RECLAMA
1200 m
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1100
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Fa Yuen Street CANTON ROAD
1000 STREET SAI YEE
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PHYSICAL BOUNDARY & ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
Canton Road Wet Market
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a comparative study of
800 STREET
collecting undergraduate works from Arch 1028: Sustainability and the Built Environment in Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong
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700 NELSON
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THISTLE STREET
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Commercial land use ET
SOY STRE
600
Matthew Pryor and Chris Qian Zhang
NG ST
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Yin Chong Street Wet Market
ON
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LAM STRE ET
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS EET
NG STR
YIN CHO
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LIE AD RO
FA YUE N STREET
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I STREET
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SAI YEU
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CHANGS
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500
Maxime Decaudin Lori Gibbs Ian Fan Qi Andrew Toland
SOUTH
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200
300
400
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SHEK LUNG
500
600
700 SHEK
-60 residential buildings
50 m
STREE
750 m
Residential land use
0
OVERVIEW
barcode to our website:: http://fac.arch.hku.hk/courses/designsonthefuture/
LEGEND
Arch 1028: Sustainability and the Built Environment COURSE LECTURERS.
Lori Gibbs and Matthew Pryor
COURSE COORDINATORS.
Matthew Pryor and Chris Qian Zhang
TUTORS. Maxime Decaudin [Instructor of the Sha Tin, Tin Shui Wai & Yau Tong teams] Ian Fan Qi [Instructor of the Admiralty & Mong Kok teams] Andrew Toland [Instructor of the Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom & Kowloon Bay teams] GUEST LECTURES.
Waste Management Strategy Eunice Chan, Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong
Design Practices: urban rural Joshua Bolchover, Assistant Professor, The University of Hong Kong
Intrinsic Landscape: creative green in design Dr. Lin Hao, the Oval partnership, Hong Kong
Infrastructure Dorothy Tang, Assistant Professor, The University of Hong Kong
General Introduction by LG ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [120 words] Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [240 words] Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [360 words] Next 1-2 pages if needed.
HOW TO TEACH by MP ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [120 words] Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [240 words] Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [360 words]
Next 1-2 pages if needed.
About the 5 topics_tba
Introduce the TASK CZ ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [120 words] Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [240 words] Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [360 words]
Diagrams of the 8 sites + 5 topics will be followed. Next 1-2 pages if needed.
About the 8 sites
Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [120 words] Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [240 words] Megacities, like Hong Kong, draw upon resources far from the Pearl River Delta’s regional vicinity. In this sense, the reach of the city is far beyond its physical location. Students were asked to develop a detailed understanding of the physical footprint of the built environment in relation to the concept of an “ecological footprint” through on-site observation, research, mapping and analysis of a specific site in Hong Kong. The five general topics students investigated: Energy, Food, People, Water, and Waste. The eight selected sites in Hong Kong students explored in depth: Admiralty, Ap Lei Chau, Hung Hom, Kowloon Bay, Mong Kok, Sha Tin, Tim Shui Wai, and Yau Tong. [Each site is equivalent in physical land area, approximately: 1.5km x 1.2km] [360 words]
ADMIRALTY, HONG KONG | 金鐘, 香港 Instructor: Ian Fan Qi Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic; Paragbout Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Adsic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; ic; Paragbout Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Adsic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 2. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. Paragraph 3. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work.Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. [Currently 300 words. 250-400 words will be preferred.]
Photo: MAK, King Ho
ADMIRALTY, HONG KONG | 金鐘, 香港
Image: Google Earth 2011
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
E
NERGY
An Investigation on the Indoor Temperature under Air-conditioning
TEAM MEMBERS:
CHENG, Ka Yan Aileen | HU, Lan Qing William | MAK, King Ho Marco | SUEN, Wai Hei Alvan
Right: Dymaxion Map
In our project we will go into the relationships between ecological footprints of our built environment and sustainability through the investigation of air-conditioning in Admiralty. Admiralty, being a central business district, has in it plentiful of major commercial buildings; while the commercial sector contributes up to 65% of energy consumption in Hong Kong, with about 30% coming from air-conditioning; studying the air-conditioning in Admiralty will certainly give us insights as to the energy footprint of the area.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
Since we are not able to find out the exact energy consumption of specific buildings in our site - instead of telling exactly how large the energy footprint of the buildings are in the local map, we resort to studying how much energy buildings could have saved by using the relationship: an increase in 1°C can save about 3% of electricity used for air-conditioning (Cheng, 2007), and using 25.5°C as the orthodox temperature (with reference to the government’s 25.5°C campaign). Our map shows the indoor temperature of various buildings in the site we measured at the ground level, and in our first diagram we estimate the percentage of energy that should
have been saved if the 25.5°C rule is adopted. Our second diagram shows the commercial energy end-uses in Hong Kong, which gives us an insight as to how energy are used and what activities do they facilitate in Admiralty, namely lighting, cooking, office equipment, etc. In knowing where the energy goes to, we can target our footprint-reducing efforts very specifically by focusing efforts on these end-uses. Our dymaxion map tells the energy consumption per capita of countries, as published by the World Resources Institute for the year 2010. In studying the map we can compare the energy consumption of Hong Kong (2 tonnes oil equivalent) with the other parts of the world. References. Cheng, Y.-w. (2007). A Study of the Indoor temperature of Hong Kong. Hong Kong. The World Bank. (2012). Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) from the World Bank. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/ indicator/EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE/countries
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
Right: Diagram 2
data from:http://www.emsd.gov.hk/emsd/e_download/pee/HKEEUD2012.pdf tutorial 6: energy member: aileen,alvan,marco,william designed by williamhu
Commercial Energy End-uses in Hong Kong
COMMERCIAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY others 35%
proportion of commercial energy supply proportion of total energy
lighting and ϐ 17% hot water and refrigeration 10%
oil and coal 29.3% products 4% 16.4%
53.7%
cooking 13%
11% town gas and ϐ petroleum
0.6% renewable energy
commercial building
85% electricity
42%
air-conditioning 25%
Temperature scale 26.0°C 25.5°C 25.0°C 24.5°C 24.0°C 23.5°C 23.0°C 22.5°C 22.0°C
Legco Complex Central Government Complex Office Block
CITIC Tower
Far East Financial Centre
Lippo Centre
Admiralty Centre
Queensway Plaza
United Centre High Court
Queensway Government Office
One Pacific Place JW Marriott Hotel Hong Kong
Two Pacific Place Conrad Hong Kong
British Council
British Consulate General
CITIC Tower
tel
M
OO
N
ST
RE
ET
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
F
OOD
Milk Footprint
TEAM MEMBERS:
CHIU, Sai Ka Roy | FUNG, Sai Lung Mark | HUANG, I-yang | TUNG, Wai Yin Ryan
Right: Dymaxion Map
Humans are the only mammals that consume milk long after being weaned, and the only species that consumes milk from other species (Oster, 1984). The dairy milk plays an important role in Hong Kong people’s life. There are local milk brands (e.g. Trappist Diary) and foreign milk brands (e.g. Pura) in Hong Kong’s market but milk importation from other countries is greatly larger than the local milk production. Therefore, our project interests in the flow of non-local milk entering Hong Kong and the milk entering Admiralty.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
In the local map, we indicate the shops selling milk in Admiralty. The areas in Admiralty with different orange show the how the milk is selling to different places. We use circle to surround different shops, each circle represents the number of various brand of milk is delivered to the shops. Also, we highlight two main roads in Admiralty which are major responsible for the transportation of the milk. The Harcourt Road and Queens Road facilitate the local milk and imported milk to enter Admiralty with a faster rate in order to
prevent the rapid deterioration of milk. The dymaxion map indicates where the milk outside of Hong Kong’s physical boundaries importing from is. It includes some statistics to show the quantities of milk imported from different countries. As production dairy milk involves sterilization, packaging and transportation, the two diagrams is illustrating these processes and depicting the milk flow. One of the diagram tells a story that where the milk is imported to Hong Kong. The diagram also composes statistics to help us understand the ecological footprint of milk. Another diagram illustrates the processed of milk from manufacture to delivery. References. Oster, K. (1984). Xanthine Oxidase. In: Freed, David (1984) Health Hazards of Milk. Bailliere Tindall: London. 239.
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
Right: Diagram 2
Volume of milk delivered
Number of Circles = Number of various type of milk brand delivered
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
P
EOPLE
TEAM MEMBERS:
People in Motion CHAK, Ka Yan Leona | KWOK, Wing Tung | PUN, Chun Hin | TSE, Tung Anthony
Right: Dymaxion Map: Gleam of Flight
People are constantly in motion. One of the most commonly practiced human activities is travelling. However, during the transporting process, energy has to be consumed and waste is produced. Land is used to construct infrastructures to support transportation and human movements. This is an ecological footprint created by the motion of people. In this project, our group has investigated the intensity and pattern of people’s motion, from a global scale to the local scale namely Hong Kong as a whole and Admiralty, which is one of the major commercial area of Hong Kong. Different approaches have been made so that more information about the flow of people in various scales or dimensions can be gathered.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
The dymaxion map, “Gleam of Flight” shows the daily flights that arrive Hong Kong from different parts of the world. This map illustrates people flow from a global scale by air traffic; it shows the pattern and amount of arrival flights, which in other words represented the pattern and
quantity of people coming to Hong Kong every day. The second map, “Temperature of Flow”, zooms in to local scale and it shows Hong Kong’s underground traffic, the railway system. This map demonstrates the passenger flow in the Mass Transit railway (MTR) by showing the density of people in each station. This enables us to see the people flow of the areas covered by the MTR system. The third map, “People in Microscope”, zooms in further to our assigned area, Admiralty, and shows the density and direction of people flow after they exit different MTR station exits of Admiralty. The forth and largest map, “Roots of Traffic”, lines are used visually present the routes and density of all buses, mini-buses, trams, MTR and habour ferries within Admiralty. The pattern and density of people flow are shown through transportation. Thus this can enhance our understanding to the division and different concentration of ecological footprint imprinted on the land of Admiralty.
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1: Temperature of Flow
Right: Diagram 2: People in Microscope
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
w
ASTE
TEAM MEMBERS:
Waste Track – Free Newspaper GO, Lok Hei | JIN, Ke Fan | SO, Kai Yin | CHAN, Shing Hin
Right: Dymaxion Map
In this project, we intend to find out how the free newspapers are distributed, transported and thrown. Free newspaper is very common in Hong Kong. Most of them are dispatched outside or inside the MTR station where has a huge stream of people in the morning. Because of this phenomenon, a great amount of waste of paper has been generated and thrown to rubbish bins or recycle bins every day.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
In the site map of Admiralty, we have shown the track of free newspapers within the area, where they are dispatched, carried and discarded. The free newspapers were first distributed beside several MTR stations and people continue to travel with them. After being read, newspapers would be thrown into recycle bins or rubbish bins, which are indicated in the site map according to our site visit and government information. And in the case of Admiralty, free newspaper discarded near the station would be gathered at the recycle station which is under the Admiralty Center, being transferred to the Chai Wan Wharf.
One of our additional diagrams examines the life cycle of newspaper, how it is produced, used and disposed. To emphasis the whole system of the newspaper track, the information of creation and cutting of woods are shown in the dymaxion map to explore the problem of deforestation, one of the life stages of free newspaper. The last additional diagram explores the distribution of recycle company in Hong Kong. Recycle is an important way for handling the waste. The amount of recycle company in an area therefore reflects the efficiency of transporting and reducing the wastes within the area. Through the four diagrams, we have explored the track of free newspaper from different scales and stages, providing a comprehensive ecological footprint of waste in Admiralty.
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
Right: Diagram 2
Newspaper Flow with People
Recycle Bin
Recycle Bin to Collect Station
Rubbish Bin
Rubbish Bin to Collect Station
MTR Station
Recyle Station to Chai Wan
Newspaper Flow with MTR
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
w
ATER
TEAM MEMBERS:
How Water Comes and Goes CHUNG, Cheuk Him | JIANG, Nai Xin | TSE, Ka Man | YIP, Tsun Yin
Right: Dymaxion Map
Our group has the local destination of Admiralty. We focus mainly on the transportation of water, both water for consumption and discharge. The contrast between office areas and residential areas in Admiralty attracted our most attention during our site visit. Therefore, in this local ecological footprint map, we try to demonstrate the differences on drainage system between these two kinds of urban places through mapping the type and the location of the drainage covers and sewer. For the global-scale dymaxion map, we are showing the water consumption in different countries, demonstrating by the numbers of water bottles above their respective geological locations. The tendency of water consumption worldwide can be seen clearly through the rearrangement of the world map. A threedimensional version is also available for better illustration.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
Speaking of the two diagrams extended from our local map, one is on water consumption. With the coverage of
entire Hong Kong, it shows the locations of reservoirs and treatment work, also how the water before and after treatment are connected to the treatment plants. The other one is on rainwater discharge. It is a map covering Hong Kong Island, showing the extent of the Hong Kong West Drainage Tunnel, which runs through Admiralty. This drainage is a new project launched to improve the flooding problem there. We show the direction of storm water flow and the locations that it collects water from small drainage pipelines. Also how it helps dissipate them from the higher lands of the peak towards the flat ground, indicating by the density of blue color. Through the research and mapping, we begin to realize how water footprint extends in Admiralty and Hong Kong, especially about the rain water. Hong Kong’s ecological footprint on water could be further condensed through batter recycling system.
ADMIRALTY 金 鐘 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
Right: Diagram 2
roof drainage small scale drainage drainage towards earth linear drainage elevated promenade ouline for the upper layer (office area) / the residential area
AP LEI CHAU, HONG KONG | 鴨脷洲, 香港 Instructor: Andrew Toland Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic; Paragbout Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Adsic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; ic; Paragbout Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Adsic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 2. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. Paragraph 3. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work.Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. [Currently 300 words. 250-400 words will be preferred.]
Photo: LI, Chun Yee
AP LEI CHAU, HONG KONG | 鴨脷洲, 香港
Image: Google Earth 2011
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
E
NERGY
From to To
TEAM MEMBERS:
CHAN, Lok Hei Patricia | HU, Tze Hung | LEE, Wai Man | WONG, Min Hang
Right: Dymaxion Map
Key Coal Natural Gas
Ap Lei Chau
Origin
Lamma Island
Wind Power and Solar Power
Shenzhen
Lamma Island Hong Kong
Indonesia
Laura Basin, Australia
North-West Shelf, Australia
Ap Lei Chau has a specific energy consumption pattern. It is an island which divides itself into areas of different land uses, namely industrial, residential and commercial uses. Because of this, there is a huge difference in levels of energy consumption between different areas, as well as between day-time and night-time. The original production source of electricity is all round the globe, while the local transmission process is complicate. In Ap Lei Chau, electricity is mainly generated through coal and natural gas combustion; these natural resources are imported from foreign country. Coal is shipped from Indonesia and Australia, while natural gas is imported from NorthWest Shelf in Australia. In addition, wind power and solar power, generated at the Hong Kong Lamma Power Station, are used for increasing electricity supply. Overall, the electricity supply of Ap Lei Chau is a combination of global and local resources. Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
In the mapping of local ecological footprint, we have decided to divide the whole zone into 2 areas, with and without electricity supply. Then the transmission station and sub-station are spotted on the map, representing by yellow buildings and
dots. The electricity consumption intensity can be represented by the intensity of the dots, where in order to facilitate the high consumption, more sub-station is needed for lowering the voltage and have a more reliable distribution. In this way, the local ecological footprint on energy consumption can be mapped out. Upon our investigation, in day-time, it is discovered that the area with the highest intensity of energy consumption is industrial area located at the southern part of the island, which consumes about 1500 MW electricity a year. Residential area, which is located at the eastern and western parts of Ap Lei Chau also consumes a significant amount of energy, about 900 MW a year. However, patterns of energy consumption change at night. Since industries do not operate at night, the energy consumption in industrial area drops drastically to nearly zero consumption, while energy consumption in residential areas also drops to half of that in day-time because human activities decrease at night. The areas with the most energy consumption turn out to be streets and roads. Street lamps, light bulbs and roadside lamp-posts are turned on to provide illumination to people. This draws a huge amount of energy.
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
NIGHT-TIME
Industrial
Industrial centres Road safety centre Motor service centre
Residential Private Housings 40-50 stories
90%
50%
Electricity Supply
Electricity Supply
Electric Tower Indutrial substation
100%
Electric Co. Ltd.
100% Road Illumination
Residential
Street Lamps Light bulbs
0%
E ROAD BRIDG
AP
LEI
CHAU
DRIVE SOUTH HORIZON
WAH TING STREET
YI
YUET
HOI
STREET
AP LEI MAIN
CHAU
STREET,
NGA LEE
MAN
ROAD 10
DRI V E MAN
ROAD
ROAD
LEE
YI NAM
C HAU BRI DGE ROAD AP LEI AP LEI
AP
LEI
CHAU
DRI V E
CHAU
BRI
DG
E
ROAD
CHI
ROAD
AP
LEI
CHAU
PRAYA
ROAD
LEE
ROAD LEI TUNG ESTATE ROAD
NAM LEE
TUNG
ESTATE
ROAD
E ROAD
LEI
AT
LEI
CHAU PRAYA ROAD
LEE
NAM
Residential
Road Illumination
E ST
T UNG LEI
AP
PublicHousings 20-30 stories
10%
Street Lamps Light bulbs
80%
ROAD
LEE WING STREET
LEE HING STREET
Residential Private Housings 30-40 stories
10%
STREET KING LEE
LEE
Electricity Supply
NAM
STREET LOK ROAD
LEE
Electric Co. Ltd.
100% * Percentage represents the level of energy intensity
The transmission of electricity from Lamma Island power station to Ap Lei Chau is complex. Electricity passes through a few stations for stepping up and down voltage via underground and submarine cable tunnels, as well as some overhead lines. This complicated system ensures the transmission process is safe and reduces energy loss. On the other hand, the use of underground cable system avoids destroying country parks and reduces the visual impact on environment.
Lamma Power Station Coal: 68-69% Natural Gas: 30% Wind Power: 1-2%
Electric Tower Indutrial substation
100%
Residential Private Housings 40-50 stories
DAY-TIME Right: Diagram 2
Electricity Supply
Industrial
20%
Industrial centres Road safety centre Motor service centre
20%
Production
Underground and submission cable (275kV, 97%)
Overhead Lines (133kV, 3%)
Major load centre - Step down the voltage to 11/22kV
Transmission
Underground cable system
Ap Lei Chau Substations (11/22kV)
Distribution
Underground cable system Customer (distribution) sub-stations: step down the voltage to 380V 3-phase and 220 single phase
Users
South Horizons
Marina Square
Oceanic Industrial Centre
Lei Tong Estate
DRIVE SOUTH HORIZON
YI A NG LEE
DRI V E YI NA M RO AD
MAN LEE
AP
M
E
AD RO
NA
LE
LEE
LEGEND Area with electric supply
Area without electric supply
Transformer Station
Transformer Sub-station
NAM
ROAD
LE
I
CH AU
BR
I DG
E
ROA
D
ROAD
MAN
R
GE
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ID
U HA
BR
IC
AP
LE
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G ST
HO
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SHAN MING STRE
LAN
ET
PING STRE
REET G ST
N ST
ON LOND LANE
LEE
LEI CH
ET
AU
, AP REET
ET
SHIN
ET
STRE
MAI
ROAD
C HAU BRI DGE ROAD AP LEI
AP
CHI
LEI
CHAU
DRI V E
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ESTATE
ROAD
I
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LEI
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AP
LEI
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PRAY A
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RE ST
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ET
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AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
F
OOD
Seafood in Ap Lei Chau
TEAM MEMBERS:
LAM, Cheuk Hin | GUAN, Yunting Wendy | AU, Tsz Ching | TOM, Tsz Hin Felix
Right: Dymaxion Map
Ap Lei Chau is located at the very south of Hong Kong Island. Next to the Aberdeen typhoon shelter, it has affluence seafood supply and is famous for its fresh seafood from fishing boat. In the project, our group mainly focuses on the seafood in Ap Lei Chau wet market. We have studied about the ecological footprint of seafood supply, type of seafood and the route of seafood transportation. Regarding the seafood supply, seafood in Ap Lei Chau are both imported and caught locally. There are various types of seafood being sold in the wet market, ranging from small species like clam to large species like grouper. Most of the seafood is from Hong Kong, following by China, and a small amount is imported from other countries like New Zealand. Dried seafood is also sold in some food stores near the market and most is from local.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
Since there are several seafood markets in Ap Lei Chau, the transportation routes of seafood vary from place to
place. For instance, most of the fish caught is transported to the nearby Ap Lei Chau market directly by the seafood seller using small cart. While transporting fish to a relatively far market, mini cargo trucks are used. Over all, forty percent of seafood harvested in Ap Lei Chau is sold to the local seafood restaurants while sixty percent is sold at the wet market. In the wet market, sixty percent of seafood is consumed by local residents, thirty percent is used in the cooked food center in the market and the rest is bought by non-local people. In conclusion, the ecological footprint of seafood in Ap Lei Chau is relatively small because there is not much distanced transportation of seafood to fulfill the local population. This is due to the unique seaside typology of Ap Lei Chau.
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
Where does the fish harvested in Ap Lei Chau go to? Seafood Restaurant 40﹪ Market 60﹪
Cooked Food Center 30% Non-local people 10% Local people 60%
Right: Diagram 2
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
P
EOPLE
TEAM MEMBERS:
Right: Dymaxion Map:
Population Characteristics CHAN, Chi Ho Leo | KO, Wing Yan | LEUNG, Ho Yan | WONG, Chun Wai
DYMAXION MAP
Nationalities in HONG KONG Chinese Indonesian Filipino British Indian
93.2% 1.9% 1.9% 0.5% 0.4%
Pakistani American Australian Nepalese Thai Japanese Others
0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.8%
Source of Information: (2012). Population aged 5 and over by duration of residence in hong kong, nationality and usual language, 2011. Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department.
Ap Lei Chau is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. On the 1.3 km2 island lives 80,149 people. The built-area footprint is small in Ap Lei Chau. The people are densely populated in closely spaced buildings, leaving 40% of land as green belt.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
Ap Lei Chau is major composed of residential areas (27%). There are little institutional, commercial and industrial areas. This implies that there are not enough job opportunities for the residents in Ap Lei Chau. Most of them have to work or study outside the Island. Only 7% at home and 30% in the same district. The footprint of people in Ap Lei Chau may be larger than people in other sites in commuting as there is no railway station now and people have to travel by other means of transport such as buses, a longer traveling time means less energy efficient.
Hong Kong being an international city, has people coming from all over the world. In the dymaxion map we study the nationalities distribution in Hong Kong. 7.8% of people come from overseas. Not living in one’s home country may lead to a larger ecological footprint since one may go back to their home countries often by aeroplane, which emits huge amount of greenhouse gases. Although the built-area footprint is small in Ap Lei Chau, its ecological footprint is much larger than expected when we look at the population characteristics from statistics.
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
ADDITIONAL DIAGRAM Composition of the Rich and the Poor in AP LEI CHAU and HONG KONG
The first diagram shows that the income of residents in Ap Lei Chau is generally higher than the people in Hong Kong. This implies Ap Lei Chau may have a larger ecological footprint as richer people can afford more convenience goods and tends to travel further for amusement purposes.
6%
5% <$100, 000
The residents in AP LEI CHAU is relatively richer than that of Hong Kong
<$100,000
19% $40,000 - $99,999 28% 999 $40,000 - $99,
2 $2 9% 0,0 -$ 39 00 ,99 24 9 %
Draw your Diagram here $1 - $ 0,00 19 0 , 15 999 %
29% $20,000
$4 ,00 09% $9 ,99 <$ 9 3,9 99
- $99,999
20% $10,000 -
$19,999 ,999
11% $4,000 - $9 6% <$3,999
I CHAU
sident in AP LE
d Income of re
ehol Monthly Hous
Sources of Information: (2012). Hong kong annual digest of statistics 2012 edition . Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department. (2012).2011 Population census - fact sheet (D 02-D 07). Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department
Right: Diagram 2 The other diagram shows that the population structure of gender and age of Ap Lei Chau and Hong Kong is similar. There are 7% more women than men in both areas. It is difficult to distinguish which gender or age group has a greater ecological footprint since various age groups have different ways of living.
ADDITIONAL DIAGRAM
Comparison of Gender and Age of the People in AP LEI CHAU and HONG KONG Population in Hong Kong
400000 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000
0
FEMALE
50000
100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000
MALE
AGE 0-4 5-9
3768600 (53.2%)
10-14
3320500 (46.8%)
15-19
Draw your Diagram here 20-24 25-29
46157 (53.6%)
30-34
39922 (46.4%)
35-39 40-44 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89
Sources of Information: (2012). Hong kong annual digest of statistics 2012 edition . Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department. (2012). 2011 Population census - fact sheet (D 02-D 07). Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department
5000
4000
3000
2000
85+
1000
0
1000
Population in Ap Lei Chau
2000
3000
4000
5000
The Built-Area Footprint of Different Land Uses Ap Lei Chau Total Area: 1.3 km
40 %
Green Belt Area: 519,387 km2
27 %
Residential Area Area: 351,526 m2
12 %
Main Roads Area: 158,159 m2 South Horizons East Population: 15,415 Area: 0.17 km2 2 Population Density: 90,676 people/km
0m
6%
Government, Institutions and Community Area: 79,599 m2
5%
Open Space Area: 65,263 m2
5%
Industry Area: 63,599 m2
3%
Other Specified Uses Area: 34,120 m2
2%
Commercial Area: 28,347 m2
Lei Tung II Population: 13,465 Area:0.1 km2 Population Density: 134,650 people/km2
Lei Tung I Population: 14,847 Area: 0.23 km2 Population Density: 64,552 people/km2
Where do the People in Ap Lei Chau Work and Study ?
Population of Ap Lei Chau: 54849
Hong Kong Island 43%
Same District 30%
Kowloon 16% New Towns 7%
At Home 7%
Other Areas in the N.T. 2% 500 m
Outs
s in the N.T. 2%
South Horizons West Population: 16,102 Area: 0.12 km2 Population Density: 134,183 people/km2
Ap Lei Chau Estate Population: 13,076 Area: 0.11 km2 Population Density: 118,872 people/km2
No Fix Places 7%
Ap Lei Chau North Population: 13,184 Area: 0.2 km2 Population Density: 65,920 people/km2
Sources of Information: (2012). 2011 Population census - fact sheet (D 02-D 07). Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department Statutory Plan: S/H15/27 - Aberdeen & Ap Lei Chau. Hong Kong: Town Planning Board The Districts are divided according to â&#x20AC;&#x153;District Council Electoral Boundaries - Southern District (Sheet 1), Survey & Mapping Office, Lands Department
Outside H.K. 2% 1000 m
1500 m
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
w
ASTE
TEAM MEMBERS:
Exposing the Disposal CHUNG, Hon Sun Nath | HUNG, Wai Yin Louis | LI, Hiu Lam Esther | YIP, Hung Faat Joe
Right: Dymaxion Map
Legend
General effects of waste produced by country and region
With our theme on waste, ecological footprint of the aspect refers to the total area needed for waste processing by the population in the studied area, Ap Lei Chau. We started our investigation by looking into the rubbish bin distribution, collecting point location and its waste production statistics. Ranked third in the most densely populated place, its population density is 66,755 people / km². With this statistics on population, it is intriguing to compare its waste production statistics with the worldwide metropolitan cities with high population. Such statistics are shown on our diagram.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
With such a high density, appropriate number of facilities should be implemented into the place. Therefore, we looked into rubbish bin numbers and collecting points. With the analysis on the distribution of rubbish bin, the flow of human activities can also be discovered, finding that the zoned recreational area, along the shore, has a higher bin density. Indicating that many of the residents there do use the recreational facilities or it is quite frequent for the residents to go to the harbor and take ferries as transportation means.
Whilst searching for bins, we also mapped recycling bins around the community; their distribution are shown in one of the diagrams as well. Besides, recycling businesses can also be found. With our further investigation, we are told that the recycling materials will be sent to the new territories in Hong Kong, and then transport to the Mainland China for further processing. Both indicate that the people there do include recycling practices into their lifestyle. Also, we can see the distribution of different types of wastes, including domestic wastes, urban solid wastes and industrial wastes with the clear urban planning with specific usage zoned shown in one of our diagrams, All in all, it is astonishing to discover the major human activity areas from rubbish bin distribution, how recycling businesses affects people’s lifestyle there, the flow of rubbish even out of country and how a local community can be compared with other metropolitan cities around the world.
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
URBAN SOLID WASTE OF SOUTHERN HONG KONG ISLAND:
318000 kgs per day
HO
KING
STREET
SHAN MING
PING
STREET
LAN
DRIVE SOUTH HORIZON
FUNG
TING HUNG
T, AP
LEI CHAU
S T REET S HI S AN
STREET
STREE
SHING
STREE
NGA ROAD
DRI V E
LONDON LANE
MAN
STREET
T STREE
YI
HOI
MAIN
ROAD
YI NAM
ROAD
MAN
STREET
WAI
WAH
T
YUET
LEE
LEE
LEE
UK
CHI
ROAD
LEI
TUNG
ESTATE
ROAD
480 kgs per person year
DOMESTIC WASTE OF SOUTHERN HONG KONG ISLAND:
241000 kgs per day
DENMARK
560 kgs per person per year
GERMANY
LEE HING STREET
340 kgs per person per year
USA
INDUSTRIAL WASTE OF SOUTHERN HONG KONG ISLAND:
ET STRE
FRANCE
77000 kgs per day
Legend Residential landuse
EET
STR
NAM
LOK LEE
D
ROA
560 kgs per person per year
KING LEE
LEE
460 kgs person per year
CANADA
330 kgs per peson per year
Recreational landuse
JAPAN
270 kgs per person per year
Industrial landuse Local Statistics Global Statistics
Right: Diagram 2
Top Global Waste Production Regions vs. Population Density
LEE
YI NA M
ROAD
LEE
AP
M
E
AD RO
NA
LE
LEE
Legend Area of Highest Bin Density Area of High Bin Density Area of Low Bin Density Area of Lowest Bin Density
NAM
ROAD
LE
I
CH AU
BR
I DG E
ROAD
MAN
ROAD
MAN
ROA
GE
AD RO
ID
U HA
BR
IC
AP
LE
REET
G ST
HO
KIN
SHAN MING ET STRE
PING REET
ST LAN
RE G ST ET
ROAD
ROAD C HAU BRI DGE AP LEI
AP
CHI
CHAU
ROAD
TUNG
ESTATE
ROAD
I
TUN G
E ST
AT
E ROA D
LEI
LEI TUNG ESTATE ROAD
AP
LEI
CHAU
PRAY A
ROA D
LE E
LEI
LE
MAN
LEI CH
N ST
ON LOND LANE
LEE
LEE
, AP REET
ET
S HI
S AN
SHIN
AU
ST
ET
HUNG
REET
HOI
MAI ROAD MAN
S T RE
STRE
G ST
TIN
FUNG WAI
WAH
YUET
REET
LE E G
IN W ET RE
ST
LEE HING STREET
Horizon Plaza
No.2, Lee Wing Street, Ap Lei Chau, H.K.
24/f: Clothing ET
E TR
G
E
S
KIN
LE
E LE
ET
M
NA
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AD RO
E
LE
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7/f: Furniture
G/f: Main Lobby
AP
LE
IC
HA U
PR
AY A
RO AD
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
w
ATER
TEAM MEMBERS:
Right: Dymaxion Map
Study in Water Usage AU, Hoi Ting l FUNG, Ping Hang | LAI, Tsz Fung l LI, Wing Ho
France
Portagual
United States
Korea
Italy
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
Water is the essential element in our daily lives. Every day, we drink water, wash hand, take bath etc. In this project, we mainly focus on the research of usage of water. In the local mapping, the main facilities or infrastructure that require large amount of water usage are located, also the drainage plan of delivering storm water and sewer water is shown also. Through the mapping, we can see the density of facilities or buildings which require water usage. It helps us to know the pattern of water usage. In the dymaxion map, the original production places of bottle water exported to Hong Kong are located. Through the map, we can know that France is the main source of export bottle water. In the flow chart, the procedure from clean water to dirty water is clearly shown. Every day, we switch on the water tap and we can get water, but we do not know the flow chart of water from place far away from us into our home. This is a good chance to let us know how many steps are needed to deliver the water into our house. The fourth diagram is about the comparison of water usage in different
China
facilities. This is actually a bar chart. The longest bar represents the place with highest water usage. Residential area is the place with highest water usage. It is reasonable because there are many housing estates in Ap Lei Chau. There are a lot of residents living there, therefore the water usage will be high also. The place with least water usage is cooked food market. Although cooking needs water also, but comparatively it is the least when comparing to other large-scale facilities like service reservoir and pumping station.
AP LEI CHAU 鴨 脷 洲 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1: The use of water in Ap Lei Chau
The use of water in Ap lei Chau Service Reservoir
Pumping Station Residential Area
Seafood Shop
Wet Market Cooked food Market
Right: Diagram 2
Major Water Consume
Storm
Sewer
HUNG HOM, KOWLOON | 紅磡, 九龍 Andrew Toland Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic; Paragbout Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Adsic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; ic; Paragbout Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Adsic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 1. Basic intro about Admiralty; Paragraph 2. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. How you teach your students? What should they focus, and why, how. Paragraph 3. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work.Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. Cite 1-2 topics as examples to talk about their work. [Currently 300 words. 250-400 words will be preferred.]
Photo: tba
HUNG HOM, KOWLOON | 紅磡, 九龍
Image: Google Earth 2011
HUNG HOM ç´&#x2026; 磥 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
E
NERGY
Energy Efficiency
TEAM MEMBERS:
CHAN, Ka Him Jimmy | KONG, Ka Ian Christine | SO, Tsz Wai | WONG, Ka Long Kelvin
Right: Dymaxion Map
Nowadays, with the use of technology, energy, as crucial resource, becomes indispensable to human beings. We need energy in almost every parts of our life. There are many types of energy, which can be renewable or non-renewable. Our group will focus on non-renewable resources, as well as two environmental-friendly issues.
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
In our Mapping Drawing, we introduce two environmental-friendly issues. One of them is the GREENPLUS Energy Billboard benchmarking tool introduced by CLP Power Hong Kong Limited (CLP Power) on 7 November 2012. We show the location of the main participants (7-Eleven and Sunshine Laundry Convenience Store), with yellow stars representing branches of 7-Eleven and yellow square representing the Sunshine Laundry Convenience Store. The second piece of information is about the Green buildings in Hung Hom: 1. Hong Kong Community College, Hung Hom Bay Campus (Green Building Award 2008 Merit) 2. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University - GH Podium Annex (Green Building award 2010 Merit). We use yellow rectangles to represent them respectively. The density of yellow points is quite low, which reflects that involvement of the public in energy conservation is insufficient.
In the Dymaxion Diagram, the yellow regions show the location of main oil producers. And the bar chart shows the quantity of oil production per day. As we can see, oil is concentrated in hands of a few countries, making them powerful to control world economy. In our 1st diagram, the distribution of Electricity Consumption in Hong Kong in four areas (transport, industrial use, commercial use and residential use) from 2000 to 2010 is shown. In our 2st diagram, we show the quantity of main types of energy sources used in Hong Kong (gas, oil and electricity) and the percentage usage in commercial, industrial and transporting aspects in 2010. As seen in our work, we found that energy production, extraction and consumption are great in quantity, however, the initiative of energy conservation is insufficient. As demand for non-renewable resources is high, depletion will take place one day. As users, we should be aware of this and take action to save energy, ensuring sustainability of energy sources.
HUNG HOM 紅 磡 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
Dsitribution of Electricity Consumption of Hong Kong Terajoule 120000
Transport
100000
Industrial
80000
Commercial
60000
Residential
40000 20000 0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
Right: Diagram 2
2010 Energy Sources used in Hong Kong Gas 859027
Tetrajoule
Oil
Electricity
330596
40822
Tetrajoule
Tetrajoule
4%
11% Industrial
85%
5%
Commercial Transportation
15%
70%
0.1%
82% 3%
25%
29% Residential
70.9%
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University - GH Podium Annex Green Building award 2010 Merit revitalization glazed wall on the west side reduces glare and heat gains provision of light and ventilation at the roof condensing units are well screened and sited
KI MB
ER LE
Y RD
OBSE
RVAT ORY ROAD
HONG WAN PAT H
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SC
STREET
CE
US
M
HONG
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SC
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E
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SQ
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NV I
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GRAN
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HARBOU
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R TUNNEL
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SA MINDEN
BLENHEIM AVENUE
AVENUE
LI
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Hong Kong Community College, Hung Hom Bay Campus (BEAM New Building Development â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Platinum) Green Building Award 2008 Merit Completed in 2007 windows wall system with single glazed clear glass panels precast concrete elements with punch window openings 4 water-cooled chillers air-cooled standby chillers for operation at night and part load operation 4 cooling towers on the building roof which facilitates heat release fan coil units with cooled water assisted the cooling of the whole building use of Eco- paving block Occupancy motion sensors for lighting
HONG WAN PAT H
KIN WAN ET
STRE
7-Eleven Greatly multiplies the effectiveness of CLP Powerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s initiatives in this scheme, it has underlined its commitment to reducing energy usage and promoting conservation to staff and customers by signing a partnership certificate
Sunshine Laundry Convenience Store 60 branches participated GREENPLUS Energy Billboard shows the energy performance of the outlets One of the CLP recommendations adopted was to use electric tumble dryers in the outlets. These measures cut more than 10% energy consumption
GREENPLUS Energy Billboard benchmarking tool CLP Power Hong Kong Limited (CLP Power) introduced the five-tiered GREENPLUS Energy Billboard benchmarking tool on 7 November 2012 The aim is to enable customers to compare their average monthly energy performance against peers in the same industry, providing assistance for them to manage their electricity consumption and save operation cost 2,700 companies across 14 different industry groups have participated
Green buildings 1. Hong Kong Community College, Hung Hom Bay Campus 2. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University - GH Podium Annex
HUNG HOM ç´&#x2026; 磥 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
F
OOD
Coffee Costs
TEAM MEMBERS:
CHAN, Man Hei | FONG, Hei Yi | TAI, Long Him | WONG, Wing Kwan
Right: Dymaxion Map
Next Page: 1.5 x 1.2 km Drawing
The contribution of the ecological footprint is measured by using a specific food commodity, i.e. coffee, as a case study in Hung Hom. Coffee is a globalized beverage product, regarded as a luxurious and unessential product. More people nowadays enjoy consuming it, while its production and consumption shall result in generation of an enormous ecological footprint.
How exactly coffee consumption affects the ecology is shown in the second diagram. The consumption of different types of coffee could lead to a divergence in the ecological footprint creation. The impact caused by consuming a cup of cappuccino is as half a journey taken by bus from Mongkok to HKU. These examples serve to reveal the facts that the general public seldom realized of.
Different types of coffee shops could vary in their ecological footprint due to the differences in transport distances, ways of transportation, raw material importation and method of production. It is worthnoting about the density in coffee shop per kilometer in Hung Hom is much higher than the metropolitan New York due to the densely designed urban area of Hong Kong, which could also affect the mode and amount of resource consumption.
The per capita consumption of coffee in Hong Kong is relatively low among the developed regions, but it has a significant increase over the past years. The opening of more cafes and coffee shops in Hong Kong shall further show a proliferation of the consumption of coffee in Hong Kong, so as the greater creation of ecological footprint.
Transportation of the raw materials in coffee production directly affects how many resources are consumed. Through the Dymaxion map, destinations of both primary and secondary sources of coffee, which Hong Kong relies on, are shown and thus the distance between Hong Kong and these places could be effectively assessed.
HUNG HOM 紅 磡 / ARCH 1028: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Right: Diagram 1
FINLAND
coffee consumption per capita
12
Who’s the biggest coffee lover?
kg
NORWAY
9.9kg
USA
4.2kg
JAPAN
3.3kg UK
2.8kg TAIWAN
1.56kg
HONG KONG
1.1kg MALAYSIA
0.9kg
Right: Diagram 2
carbon footprint of coffee products
How bad is the milk in a cup of coffee?
445g CO
2
/ a journey from
Mongkok to HKU by BUS
340g CO
2
/ a large LATTE
235g CO
2
/ a large CAPPUCCINO
71g CO
2
/ an average cup of WHITE
COFFEE
Roll, Granville Road
Green, Hotel Icon
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Where can I get a cup of coffee? Starbucks and McCafe, Hung Hom Station
HONG WAN PAT H
KIN N WA ET
STRE
How dense are the coffee shops? Key
New York City 0.43/km² Local Hung Hom 2.79/km² Hotel
Chain
Central 6.06/km²