MIXED-USE CITY by Lexie Liu

Mixed-use city Vienna

XIN LIU 19023469

V I E N N A

C O N T E N T Preliminary analysis

- Context of Vienna - Existing problems of Vienna - Historical perspective

Site research

- Investigation result

Site selection

Detail design

-Physical model -2D plan -3D drawing

Site research Investigation result SWOT analysis Strategies for the site issues

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

LOCATION ANALYSIS Austria is a landlocked country located in Central Europe, bordering many countries, with Hungary in the east, Italy in the south, Switzerland in the west, Germany and the Czech Republic in the north, Austria â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forest coverage rate of about 46.7%, and the capital located on the Danube -Vienna, with a total area of about 83,879 square kilometres.

Vienna

National Land area: 83,879kmÂ˛ Population: 8,860,000

Austria

Europe

CITY BACKGROUND ANALYSIS

Growth map

Population analysis Since 1910, Vienne has shown a trend of declining and rising first. It can be seen from the data compilation of growth map and density that the population of Vienna is increasing, and its coverage is also expanding. As a result, the metropolitan region of Vienna in 2050 will probably be home and workplace for over 3 million people. The composition of the population, too, will have changed. The group over 60 years of age will have increased. N

1910 2,083,630 inhabitants

1935 1,770,938 inhabitants

Population density Vienna has an average population density of 46 people per hectare. The districts with the highest and lowest population density are Margareten and Hietzing, respectively.

Site

2015 1,797,337 inhabitants

1980 1,535,145 inhabitants

Margareten: 275.4 people per hectare

Donau City

up to 100

Who lives in Vienna in 2019? According to the population growth rate of Vienna, the number of people in 2050 can be estimated. The increase in population will cause the per capita housing area to drop from 35m2 / person to 30 m2/ person, prompting us to consider the essential issues in the design this timeâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; â&#x20AC;&#x201D;Reasonable housing design, improve the effective utilization rate of public space, etc.

1,897,491people

Hietzing:

101 to 200

14.3 people per hectare

201 and above

Growth

Predictive value 2050

Residential areas â&#x20AC;&#x201C;share of total district area

Average housing space per resident

Vienna overall

Average number ofresidents per apartment

Leopoldstadt

Josefstadt

2,167,656

Source: Statistics Austria; MA 23; MA 41; calculation by MA 23.

30m2

CITY BACKGROUND ANALYSIS waterfront evolution The city of Vienna has been grappling with flood issues for centuries. The centre of the city had been founded on a floodproof terrace 15 m above the Danube in the first century.

(a) Braided river around 1830 that did not allow development of the low areas.

(b) Cut through channel around 1930, withsome development in the north of the city (left and centre of photo）

Legend

Main roads

Railways

Settlement areas

Main roads

Hydraulic structures/flood levees

Settlement areas

Water bodies

Hydraulic structures/flood levees

Gravel bars, brickyards, stone pits

Water bodies

Low-lying floodplain terrain

Gravel bars, brickyards, stone pits

Elevated floodplain areas

Low-lying floodplain terrain

Older, higher river terraces

Elevated floodplain areas Older, higher river terraces

Trend of water level In order to increase the conveyance of the Danube and thus lower the water levels during floods. The Viennese used the opportunity to develop the newly protected areas. A similar process to the one that occurred a century earlier started, and it was resolved to enhance the protection level of Vienna by constructing a relief channel on the former flood plain of the Danube to further increase the conveyance.

Year 1501 1899 1954 1975 1991 2002

Water flow m³/s 14,000 10,500 9,600 8,560 9,600 10,000

cu ft/s 490,000 370,000 340,000 302,000 340,000 350,000

Comparable level at the Reichsbrücke m 10.30 8.66 8.61 8.04 8.00 8.63

33.8 28.4 28.2 26.4 26.25 28.3

Source: Statistics Austria; MA 23; MA 41; calculation by MA 23.

SITE ANALYSIS

Transport system analysis

O r iginal s treet 15M

O rigi nal s tre et 2 5 M

O r iginal s treet 10M

The strcucture of 25M street: 6-8 lanes an d g re e n e r y T h e s t rc u c t u re of 20M s t re e t: 4 l an e s g re e n e r y an d s i de w a lks T h e s t rc u c t u re of 15M s t re e t: N

2l an e s , park i n g an d s i de w a lks T h e s t rc u c t u re of 10M s t re e t:

O rigi nal s tre et 2 0 M

2l an e s , park i n g an d s i de w a lks

STRATEGIES

Cycle line

S t e p 1 : S e l e c t i n g t h e transportation center as the c e n t e r o f e a c h l i fe c i rc l e to c o v e r t he whole sit e

Step 2: Reducing the original c o n c e r n t r a t e d a r e a o f concentrated green space to dispersed green spaces into each l i fe c i rc l e

Step 3: For the fluvial flood, setting up different levels platform which is near the river instead of bu i l t i n g dam s

Overconcentration independent Not available during flood

Residential road vitality is poor

Probl e m s of t h e s i t e 1. T h e vi t al i t y of t h e roads i n t h e re s i de n t i al a re a is p o o r. 2 . T h e g re e n s p a c e s i n t h e s i t e i s to o c o n c e r n t ra t e d a n d n o t c on vi e n t to arri ve by pu bl i c t ran s por t at i on . 3.T h e l an ds c ape n e ar t h e Dan u be ri ve r i s n ot ava ila b le d u r in g f l u vi al f l ood t i m e. 4.The public transpor tation in this site could cover many are as .

TRANSPORTATION MODE

Population density

Building coverage

Traffic network

Investigation result People’s preference places to their home in 5 minutes without cars

I sent out an electronic questionnaire on the public platform and conducted a questionnaire survey on people online. According to compared the old and new towns and found：Unbalanced development of the two regions and it lead to the city to be sideways.The population density and Building coverage of the old city is relatively large.

Aim statement

People’s preference places to their home in 10 minutes without cars

Compared with it, we can found that the flow of people around our site is rare,Incomplete construction, Low land utilization, Lack of a complete transportation system, this is why we chose the site.

Balanced flow of people

As we choose the theme, From single function change to mixed use city; because the base is separated from the old city by a river, Echoes the idea of Vienna to create a short distance city, Riverside space can be more open to the masses; We envisioned the final solution.

Green penetration

Balanced flow of people

House

Fixed population in downtown

life circle The proportion of private cars in the travel mode is

1993 1 0 - min

Floating population in downtown

Permanent crowd at the base

2012

2025

39%

29%

80%

5 - min

It further realizes that the occurrence rate of private cars on the site is infinitely close to zero in 2050. Space can solve the basic needs of life through cycling and walking inside the life circle. The life circle can be connected by public transportation to increase the efficiency of public transportation.

28%

40% 3%

28%

Source from: https://www.wien.gv.at

27% 6%

Flat

Residents around the base

Ou r expectations in 2050

declining this year. Considering the concentrated parking of motor vehicles, this is also the starting point of my design.

Office

20%

VENUE TRAFFIC Transportation

5 min

Walk

√

500M

Cycling

√

1200M

Public transport

√

Private car

10 min 500M

500M

The results of the service package included in the distance between the two points in time of investment can be directly concluded: Within the scope of two levels of life circle, it can meet the basic needs of residents in the region.

1200M

Although walking and cycling are less efficient than driving, according to the urban development of Vienna, the utilization rate of the two is increasing year by year.

LIFE

TRA

NSP

CIR

CLE

CEN

TER

OR TS

TAT IO

Life circle We want to propose a "car-free mobility " concept in 2050. The shor t-distance city is a city that makes walking and cycling attractive, and creates the best conditions for combining with

In coming years as in the past, Vienna’s traffic and transpor t policy will systematically promote eco-friendly means of transpor t.

URB

FOR

public transpor tation. Fo r s h o r t - d i s t a n c e c i t i e s , w e s t a r t w i t h t h e w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e a n d

The goal of the government in Vienna is “80-20”. This means that, by 2025,

set up the basic unit with a 5-minute walking distance and a

Vienna’spopulation should travel 80% of all trips with public transpor t, by bicycle or on foot, while

10-minute wa lking distance.

the share of motorised individual.Traffic is to be reduced to 20%.

SITE ANALYSIS

SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths

Weaknesses

Existing bus station

Supporting facilities

Subway station

Residential area

Existing main road

Parking area

Existing Cycling road

Traffic noise pollution

Existing walking road Urban waterfront space Public greening

1. The road grade is clear, and there

A lot of space is wasted on both sides of the

are bus stations and subway stations.

road for parking.At the same time, rail and

2. The landscape conditions are

road traffic have a certain degree of noise

superior, the waterfront is large, and it

pollution to the internal residential area.

has about 30% of public greening.

Opportunities

Threats

Potential public space

Seasonal flooding

Potential parking space

Existing building

Potential Isolation zone

External channel Outside traffic

1.Due to the waterfront on both sides of 1.Rationalize the upgrade of the road

the site, seasonal flooding has a greater

system, delete some traffic stops, plan

impact.

to build a traffic building with parking

2.The unreasonable distribution of the

function, turn the original parking area

city's main roads leads to the unsmooth

into additional public greening.

traffic, independent internal transport.

2.the unique waterfront area can be

3.the existing buildings are randomly

upgraded to an open entertainment

distributed, and the layout is old, leading

area. The naturally-occurring invisible

to the blockage of people and other

isolation belt will solve the problem of

regional groups. The site lacks certain

noise pollution.

life service functions.

MASTERPLAN Proposal plan of site A

100 200

Original Masterplan

why I choose this life circle For the analysis of the entire plot, it is a problem-prone area located on the whole plot, with waterfront areas on both sides. The density of old houses is high, and public spaces are scarce. More problems provide more possibilities for the subsequent design.

Main road

Reconnect the outer ring road with The original road was transformed into a Turning two separate buildings

Public greening

the road across the base to increase tunnel form, and while the waterfront area into traffic interchange stations,

Green isolation zone

the accessibility and transportation was connected to the inner residential and integrate bus station, car park

Renovated building

convenience of the entire area.

area, public greening was added.

and other life service functions.

STRATEGIES Different level pla t f o r m

M o re Pu b l i c sp ac es

R es i d e n t i a l

Sma ll s hop

Station Center

The internal functions of the entire

Sta tion Ce nte r

plot are reorganized thorough investigation, and it can be concluded. 1. The main idea of the design is to enhance the overall accessibility inside the life circle through the station centre 2. Unify the existing residential model and change the previous independent model 3. Better integrate business functions into the base, while creating new employment opportunities, and increasing the turnover of people. 4. Reconstruct the waterfront, design according to the seasonal water level, and increase the public space while achieving the purpose of flood control.

P l at fo r m

G re e n public

Shopping ce nte r

DESIGN METHOD Road ne t wor k

R oad c las s if ic ation 5M Street

1.5m 2m 1.5m

Sidewalk

B e f ore

After

The transport system is divided into three levels for rectification. The original unreasonable and uneconomic road layout is adjusted in conjunction with buildings, and non-motorized lanes such as pedestrians and bicycles are used to achieve an ideal city. 20M Street

1.5m2m 3m

Bus

3m 2m 1.5m

Bicycle Sidewalk

12M Street

2m 3m 2m 3m 2m

Bicycle Sidewalk

ROAD JUNCTION DETAILS Transp o r t core

tre 20M S M

20 e re

St t

5M Str eet

e rt e

re e

Th e p i c t ure s h o ws t h a t t h e ro ad is d iv id ed in to t h ree levels: 20m, 12m and 5m. D iffe re nt public are as with diffe re nt functions are a dded o n bo t h si de s of t h e way a n d c o n n ec ted to t h e c o rn er plaz a. Green ro ofs are adde d to the ne w res ide ntial buildings ; var ious functions are in t eg ra t ed wi t h th e l i v i ng s er v i c e c i rcl e to meet th e b asic n eed s o f t h e u sers in the living circle. According to the overall planning, bus s tations are set u p o n t h e m ai n road to d r i ve t h e p e d estrian t ran sp o r t at io n sy stem to the e nter tainme nt and cons umption areas on both s ide s . Public gree n er y ( i n cl u di n g g re e n roof s ) i s a d d e d to t h e liv in g c irc le to realize th e preliminar y idea of the future city.

DESIGN METHOD B uild ing s Afte r

Deepen the border

Existing landscape

B Manufacturing retreat

Landscape retreat

B e f ore

After

Main n ode A Based on the original urban layout, the integration of part of the landscape is added, Site construction status

Landscape structure

Keep the original building structure

Unity of elements

the two are rebuilt, and the plan is innovative based on retaining the unique building structure.

Main n ode B

SITE LAYOUT

Increasing the width of the existing road that connects the residential area to the station centre, introducing public green spaces into the c o m m u n i t y, d e f l a t i n g r o a d b o u n d a r i e s , a n d a d d i n g w a l k i n g a n d b i k i n g p a t h s i n t o t h e c o m m u n i t y, u n i f i e s a n d s t r e n g t h e n s t h e c o n c e p t o f t h e e nt i re c om m u n i t y gro u p i n g.

VENUE SELECTION N

Station A Station centre + Waterfront

Coastline

Seasonal flooding

Traffic flow

Waterfront as isolated area for seasonal flood

Walking interruption Establish flood blocking

Need Trigger Point

Site function

According to the change of the water level of the seasonal flood, the waterfront area combined with the Station centre formed multiple blockages, and the local

Water level

Port

Station

Piazza

Channel Residential

Piazza

Station

Port

5.0 meter 7.5 meter 10.0 meter

structure was fine-tuned due to the height change of the water level change. The

Before

impact of the water level change on the site was reduced through the functional

After

integration of the website.

BLOCK DEDUCTION Bulk ext r usion

Spread the entire venue and raise the

Cen tral axis

venue.

The centre of the site connects the residential area with the waterfront, forming an urban axis.

Land sc a pe a t t ra ct ion

Opening up the

Con n ec tor

Separate buildings

landscape and

on both sides

building axis towards

a re c o n n e c t e d by

the east and south of

channels.

the site.

Am p lify t he core

The centre of the

Green in g c h an n el

Increase the vertical

site is disconnected

green area through

to form the core

the advancement

courtyard of the

and retreat of the

site, and the building

building.

retreats along the main street to create a city balcony.

DETAIL ANALYSIS

Material a na lysis

The installation with wooden structures on top of the building ensures the visual integrity of the building's profile. Then provide more recreational areas for future residents.

Source:https://adesigndaily.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/chidori-furniture-by-kengo-kuma-and-associates/

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

Func tion a na lysis

Fu n c ti o n an aly s is

APARTMENT

STATION

VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION

ENTERTAINMENT

VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION

APARTMENT

OFFICE

CORRIDOR

OFFICE ENTERTAINMENT STATION

By utilizing the vertical traffic in the core of the station centre, the vertical parking area is connected to the entertainment and office on the upper floors, forming an internal traffic flow and organizing and distributing the bus users to the surrounding functional areas.

VENUE SELECTION N

Station B Station Centre

Traffic flow Continue Fabric

Joint Function

Station as outspread area of city to the sea

Walking interruption

Reactivate

Create Trigger Points

Site function

Use the original height difference of the site to select a reference point, integrate the reference point with a single function, realize a whole area for function sharing, create a collection point, and achieve functional diversity.

Site height

Port

Station

Piazza

Channel Residential

Piazza

Port

1.0 meter 1.5 meter 2.0 meter

Before After

BLOCK DEDUCTION Monom er collect ion

Raise the venue and

City Con n ec tor

The ground floor is

cut it into a single

elevated to expand

unit.

the public activity space, and the withdrawal platform is extended to the periphery of the plot.

Mass cut t ing

Blur the boundary

Bloc k s tac k

The top of building

between the building

continues to be

and the external

stacked with

space, build the steps

monomers, adding

between the building

new residential

and the city.

functions.Increase the roof greening by compressing a part of space.

Reshap e t he la ndsca p e

The greening is

Ver tic al tran s p or t

The atrium is

arranged on the left

hollowed out to

and right sides, and

introduce sunlight.

the landscape is

To avoid the lack of

enjoyable, which can

lighting caused by

be appreciated from

too t h i ck vo l u m e,

multiple angles.

and organize traffic around the atrium.

DETAIL ANALYSIS

Material a na lysis

The installation with wooden structures on top of the building ensures the visual integrity of the building's profile. Then provide more recreational areas for future residents.

Source:https://adesigndaily.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/chidori-furniture-by-kengo-kuma-and-associates/

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

Function a na lysis

Green Roofing Roof terrace Open offices

Arrange the unified architectural structure according to the rhythm of withdrawing from

Light-flooded courtyard

the stage, enrich the structural rhythm, and

Traffic corridor

match the real and virtual volumes Main entrance Parking area

Multipurpose Room

Car parking area

3D IMAGE

SIGNIFICANT SECTION

Main stem

2000

0mm

Bikeway

Mul-function Station

underground railway

m 00m 0mm m 6 3 0 1 m 104 500m 00m m 8 75 0m m 650 0m 0 4 5

Platform

VENUE SELECTION N

Residential

Mono-function

Lack connection

Traffic flow

Residential as isolated area for traffic

Walking interruption

Lack vitality

Site analysis

Site function

The original residential areas were arranged uniformly, irregularly, and lacked interaction with surrounding functions. The space between the two Station centres was selected as a new residential renovation and used as a passage to integrate additional features of the site.

Crowd distribution

Station Landscape Residential Channel

Piazza

Residential Landscape Station

0.5person/ ㎡ 1.0person/ ㎡ 1.5person/ ㎡

Before After

RESIDENTIAL DETAIL ANALYSIS Preser ving st r uct ure

Residential unit Keep the original townhouse (including the overall structure) Type D D A A C

Type C

Additiona l slope top

Based on keeping the structure of the house

itself unchanged, the roof form was adjusted to expand

Type B

t h e ro o f s p a c e , i n

contrast to the public

greening on the east side of the house.

Wood en f ra me

T h r o u g h

Type A

t h e

combination with the wooden structure, the private and public activity spaces of the house are filled.

Source: https://divisare.com/projects/365702-gautier-rey-palimpsest

RESIDENTIAL DETAIL ANALYSIS Components

Based on keeping the structure of the house itself unchanged, the roof form was adjusted to expand the roof space, in contrast to the public greening on the east side of the house.

Assembly Sequence

Source:https://adesigndaily.wordpress.com/2011/11/10/chidori-furniture-by-kengo-kuma-and-associates/

COMPONENT DETAILS 1. Bolt the wooden rod to the Anchor bolt and secure the base to the rod by pouring concrete. The surface is flush, ensuring an invisible treatment of Wooden rod Threaded rod

Wooden rod Anchor straps

Concrete pier

Plinth block grouted solid

Concrete screw Anchor bolt

Wooden rod

Concrete pier

Field stone face

Field stone face Compacted soil

Anchor bolt

Concrete footing

Concrete screw

Anchor bolt

Concrete footing

the joints.

2. Concrete pier mounted below the pole. A field stone face is attached to the concrete pier to ensure the stability of

Rebar each way

Undisturbed soil

Invisib le connect ion d e tai l s

Rebar each way

Undisturbed soil

De tai l o f p e d e s tal c on n ec tion

Rebar each way

the rod. Undisturbed soil

Overh ead c on n ec tion details

3. Use a concrete pier to fix the Anchor

Wooden rod

Anchor straps

Glass component Plinth block grouted solid

Anchor bolt

Concrete pier

Concrete screw

Detail of t he connec ti o n o f th e fac ad e s i d e

4. The wooden rod is fixed

bolt to the wooden

to the pedestal with Plinth

rod. The middle

block grouted solid to the

overhead section is

concrete pier and supported

supported by steel rod

by a C o n c re t e s c re w to

members, which are

ensure the robustness of the

fixed together on the

entire structure.

Fieldstone face.

Ten on an d m or tis e in ter f ac e details

PERSPECTIVE VIEW

DESIGN DETAILS Sp ecific zone

Fu n ction an aly s is N

F4 F3 F2 F1

F3 F2 F1 S e c t i on A- A : wa t e r fro n t

ĺťşç&#x2018;

S e c t i on A- B : t ra n s p o r t s y s ytem

Co m u n i t y are a

The functional division of each unit can be divided into retail, leisure and entertainment, and residential. At the same time, it has a communication space, which can be set with multiple functions to increase the variety and mobility of the entire area.

SCENE DETAIL DESIGN Floor he ight a na lysis

water f ron t an aly s is The waterfront is divided into three forms: adding pro-water platforms to the pier; amplifying stepped viewing greenery; simplifying waterfront steps and amplifying flat green plazas.

4900m m

4900m m 5100m m

Source: https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/

The upper portion of the site's main highway is covered by greenery to reduce noise

The waterfront is divided into three forms: adding pro-water platforms to the pier;

generated by vehicle traffic, increase the area of public landscaping, and serve as an

amplifying stepped viewing greenery; simplifying waterfront steps and amplifying

expressway connecting the outer ring of buildings to the waterfront.

flat green plazas.

P la tfrorm det a il

+13.60m

+10.40m

+8.50m +7.50m

+6.50m

+5.40m

Dividing the existing surface transportation system into a two-tier traffic system, with motorized lanes on the lower level, cycling and pedestrian systems on the upper level, while ensuring that the traffic The operation also reduces noise pollution from motor vehicles and increases public greening.

WATERFRONT DESIGN DETAILS

S ec tion view Cycling lanes are added near the coastline, and the main landscapes on both sides of the cycling lanes are connected through the landscape corridors. The overall architectural language is set to set up the landscape observation deck, and the central station is connected to the landscape waterline through the glass corridors.

The waterfront buildings are built in an overhead form, by adding waterfront ramps, expanding the landscape perspective, and adding arched glass corridors to create a waterfront experience channel.

WATERFRONT DESIGN DETAILS

S ec tion view A landscaped plaza will be added between the new residence and the waterfront area to increase the value of the residential and increase the rapid passage between the residential and the waterfront area.

Wa ter fro nt V iew

Source: https://www.felixx.nl/projects/buji-river&lang=nl

SERIAL VISION

A B

SERIAL VISION

D E

TWO POINTS OF VIEW

CONCLUSION

COMMUNITY years

Critical review reflection

Community behaviour of residents

Scope of activities of residents

Additional public areas (waterfront)

20 Decentralized greenery, houses are rearranged

Introduction of new homes, incorporating greenery

Connecting building centers to waterfront spaces to create new waterfront spaces

10 Urban Greening Integration

Redefining Urban Greening

Primitive centralized urban greening

Original urban layout

Create a concept of community and create a view of the landscape

0 Regional independence

INFRASTRUCTURE years

Overall trends in transport organization

Changes in basic transportation

Improvement of waterfront areas

The layout of the public space of the site

Increase the connection between station and waterfront.

Elevated cycling corridor with station connection

Increase the overall greenery of the station

Overlay of vertical green space

Original waterfront

Generation of integrated urban facilities

treet

20M S M

20 et re St

5M Str eet

e re

re e

20 Integrating green roofs

treet

20M S

e re

St t

5M Str eet

e re

re e

10 Additional plazas and along street level

treet

20M S M

20 St e re

t t

St re

e re

0 Foundation roads

GUIDELINE PROCESS 3

Site core

Different solutions

Transportation Core

Site core design

Extraction of architectural elements

Waterfront redesigning

Design of special areas

Serial vision

Design method

1 0 -mi n

Strategy Investigation

Site positioning

Extraction of the urban fabric

Aim to design

Site analysis

Previous data integration

Understanding Urban Development Imagery - Cities of the Future

Purpose of the design

Architectural Perspective Analysis Transportation system (pedestrian cities)

5 -mi n