NO-VACANCY
Studio 07 LadderHappiness 309 Bourke St Xi Hang 1075858
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CONTENTS
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01 Manifesto & Definitions
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02 Site Analysis
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03 Concept Development & Relevant Research
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04 Final Design
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Contents
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1.1 Manifesto What does heritage mean to people and city? How does people and city influent the heritage? What could we do to fill the vacancy?
Heritage
01 Manifesto & Definitions
Heritage, which often acts as the witness of the history (or civilization) of a city, is of great value. From the architectural point of view, the shapes, spaces, styles, materials and functions of the heritage in history are all very meaningful, study them and then we could know more about history. But the most important thing to protect heritage is to use it, so we need to active it and fit it into today's city.
Engage with the city Knowing more about heritage, especially the part of what it means to city and people in this city, makes great sense to find strategies to reserve and rebuild it. 'What makes this a great public space is the way people inhabit it.'1 Investigation on how it is observed by city and people in this city will do a help, by which we could imagine the behavior of people in the past and the culture of past society through the change of space or functions of this heritage architecture, because people's behaviour and development of city may have influence on heritage at the same time. For example, some buildings existing have narrow corridors and lack of daylight, which is not so reasonable in today's point of view and not fit with people's behavior today. Also, some of them lack the boot space between lower storeys and upper storeys or attractive space in upper storeys, which means the circulation system existing inside the current building doesn't work any more. All of these could be the reasons for the vacancy of heritage. So, people's behavior and urban development have impacts on the heritage definitely and engaging with the city is very important for a heritage, otherwise it may lead to vacancy.
Streets - give birth to everything Learning from the growth process of Bourke Street and usual cities, we could find street is the initial element as all things grow and plays a leading role in the development of city. It is like a circulation for people and to attract people in the city to walk through it. It seems street gives birth to everthing else. The development of a city usually starts from the streets, then is the retail space and entertaiment and public space follow, because these kinds of spaces are where people accumulate. They attract people, and people accumulate here. After the accumulation, to meet the usual demands of people, it may develop office blocks and residential spaces. So, streets is the start of all things, and if we insert streets into the building, the heritage would be alive again. 1　Peter Elliott.(1996).Designing and Framing Public Space. In Kim Dovey, Bob Adams, & Ronald Jones (Eds.), Urban Choreography(pp. 179-195).Melbourne, Australia: Melbourne University Press.
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Manifesto
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2.1 Overall Introduction
02 Site Analysis
This site is located at 309 Bourke St, which is one of the main streets of Melbourne's Central Bussiness District and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. It was traditionally the entertainment hub of inner-city Melbourne, and is now also a popular tourist destination and tram thoroughfare. There are six buildings existing on this site and each building has a history associated with the retailing and merchandising of goods dating back to the beginning of the Melbourne.
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Overall Introduction
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2.2 Timeline of retail development in this site 2.2.1 Cole's Book Arcade - 1883
Reference: Introducing Cole's Book Arcade
This is Cole’s Book Arcade. If you’ve been to Melbourne, you may recognise the porch. The Royal Arcade, which is still standing, still has a porch like this – once upon a time, all the shops on Bourke Street had a porch like this. Cole’s Book Arcade first opened on Melbourne Cup Day in 1883, and for nearly fifty years, it was synonymous with the City of Literature. These days, many visitors to Melbourne find themselves at a loss for grand sights and landmarks to visit, as Melbourne is more about a cultural experience than sightseeing – but in the 19th century, a trip to Cole’s Book Arcade was The Thing to do in Melbourne. Visitors to the Arcade were encouraged to ‘read for as long as you like: nobody asked to buy.’ The Book Arcade stocked hundreds of thousands of books on every subject available at the time – from gardening to religion to children’s books – but it was much more than a bookshop.
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Retail History
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2.2 Timeline of retail development in this site 2.2.2 Cole's Store - 1934
The Coles Store in Bourke Street, completed in 1929 and extended in 1939, designed by noted architect Harry Norris, is significant at the State level for architectural and historical reasons. Architecturally, the Coles Store is one of the most exuberant and colourful interwar buildings in the city, featuring mauve terracotta facades in a broadly 'Commercial Gothic' style, with extensive coloured Jazz Moderne (a subset of Art Deco) detailing. The tiling of the former Coles Cafeteria on the first floor is even more colourful, and Report generated 23/05/20 along with the geometric patterned plaster ceiling, is one of the best examples of a Jazz Moderne interior in Victoria. Historically, the 1929 portion of the building is the earliest Commercial Gothic design in Victoria, and Jazz Moderne decoration is also amongst the earliest in the state. The store is also important as the flagship of once ubiquitous chain of inexpensive Coles 'variety stores', for over 50 years (1929 to 1987). The site also has association with the Coles Book Arcade, formerly on the site, which was a Melbourne institution for the previous 20 years. Architecturally, the Coles Store is one of the most exuberant and colourful interwar buildings in the city, featuring mauve terracotta facades in a broadly 'Commercial Gothic' style, with extensive coloured Jazz Moderne (a subset of Art Deco) detailing. The tiling of the former Coles Cafeteria on the first floor is even more colourful, and along with the geometric patterned plaster ceiling, is one of the best examples of a Jazz Moderne interior in Victoria. 10
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Retail History
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2.2 Timeline of retail development in this site 2.2.3 Diamond Building - 1936
Built in 1936 for the jeweller, Dunklings, Diamond House replaced an earlier building of the same name on this site. Visible in this photograph, flanking Diamond House, are the stores of two other jewellers, Edments and Dumbrells. Diamond House was at the time of its completion a cutting edge retail building. It had large display windows; and its Vertical Moderne facade had a distinct central fin with the name 'Dunklings', which was topped with a clock. The words 'Diamond House' are integrated into the parapet at the top of the building. Its architects, HW & FB Tompkins, also designed the iconic Myer store and London Stores in this part of Bourke Street. Sadly, today Diamond House is a little neglected in appearance; and the removal of its original awning and its central fin and clock have impacted upon its distinct Vertical Moderne facade. Fairing worse are the Edments and the Dumbrells stores. Edments was refaced in the 1960s with a plain glass facade, and the Dumbrells store demolished. 12
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Retail History
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2.2 Timeline of retail development in this site 2.2.4 Coles Cafeteria in Melbourne - 1960s
A real treat when I was a child was being taken to the Coles Cafeteria for lunch. This would have been in the 1960s. Often it would be my Nan who took me, or my mother, or both. It was so exciting being able to choose what we wanted as we slid the tray along the counter rails. Sometimes we must have had to tell Mum or Nan what we wanted because we would be given 'table duty' - i.e. we had to sit at the table chosen, minding Mum and / or Nan's parcels while they got the food. Funnily enough I can't remember what we did choose. I do remember the 'S' shaped chairs with red seats and backs - not sure if they were leather or vinyl. When I was a young mum myself I remember taking my daughter to Coles Cafeteria too. I loved 'the city' when I was a child and a young mum. Now it is so different, and hardly worth visiting. 14
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Retail History
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2.3 Context in the city scale 2.3.1 Position in the city
QV
MELBOURNE CENTRAL FLAGSTAFF GARDEN
EMPORIUM MELBOURNE CHINA TOWN MAYER & DAVID JONES
LAW COURT
ST PAUL'S
FLINDERS STATION
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Context
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2.3 Context in the city scale 2.3.2 Groups of people surrounded
office workers
artists
travellers
students
photographers
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Context
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2.4 Physical Conditions too high negative space too high negative space suitable positive space
suitable positive space
aspect ratio
aspect ratio ≈1：1
≈1：8
≈1：2
≈1：15
street
gaps between building
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Pysical Conditions
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03 Concept Development & Relevant Research
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3.1 Exploration of the past spatial format
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Spatial exploration
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3.2 Research on arcade 3.2.1 Background of arcade
In architecture, an arcade is a structure made up of a series of arches supported by piers, columns, or a covered passageway. Arcades grew out of the architecture of ancient Rome and were often used in the construction of medieval churches. Freestanding arcades were also used to house shops in European marketplaces of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. An arcade structure attached to a wall is a purely decorative element known as blind arcade. Overview An arch is a curved architectural element that spans an opening and supports the weight above it. Arches are able to handle the weight by dissipating its force outward through the columns or support blocks. The ancient Mesopotamians used the first crude arches as a way to support small structures. The Romans borrowed the arch from earlier civilizations and improved on its design. They flattened its shape and used arches at intervals during construction to build larger structures capable of supporting more weight. Roman architects also adapted the design of the arch to make several revolutionary innovations. They combined a series of aches into a roof called a vault. An arch structure that extends for 360 degrees is a dome. A Roman arcade was constructed of a row of arched columns or piers supporting a horizontal structure known as an entablature. Both arch and arcade are derived from the Latin word arcus, meaning "bow." The arcade was used in construction of many large Roman projects, including the aqueducts, bridge-like structures used to transport water. The famed Roman Colosseum, built around the year 80 CE, employed more than eighty arcades in its design. From the tenth to the twelfth centuries, medieval architecture tried to recapture the glory of ancient Rome with a style known as Romanesque. Architects from the period built series of arches that resembled Roman arcades but attached them to a wall instead of leaving them freestanding. These were called blind arcades, and they did not act as structural supports. They served as a decorative element to an existing building. In the Gothic architectural style that followed the Romanesque period, Christian churches often used arcades set on columns to separate the nave section of the church from the side aisles. The nave is the large central area where the congregation sits or stands. Arcades were used to create courtyards and covered passageways in both medieval monasteries and Islamic mosques. During the Renaissance period of the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries, arcades were used to line shops in European marketplaces or Middle Eastern bazaars. The Covered Market in Oxford, England, was built in 1774, and it is one of the oldest surviving European shopping arcades. London's Burlington Arcade and Piccadilly Arcade were constructed in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Other famous arcade structures include the Passage des Panoramas— a shop-lined covered passageway in Paris, France, built in the nineteenth century—and the Gostinyi dvor, a nineteenth-century indoor marketplace in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Courtyard of the Convent of San Francisco de Asis, Lima, Peru. By AgainErick, GFDL
A blind arcade at Canterbury Cathedral. By Immanuel Giel, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
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Arcade
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3.2 Research on arcade 3.2.2 Arcade in Bourke Street
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Arcade
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3.3 Definition of NoVacancy I read some materials and tried to make definition of novacancy. At that moment, I thought the reason for vacancy of heritage is the lack of attractive programmes for today's people. So, I tried to combine many programmes in it and tried to design interesting spaces for them.
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3.3 Definition of NoVacancy
Types
Functions
Discription/Characteristic
Parameters
Flexible stores for different commercial requirements; Winding blocks for shoppers to look around.
About 3m * 3m boxes, mobile walls which could be detached and installed as required.
Changeable sizes of spaces to meet different demands of people; Double or trible height spaces to create more abundant experience; Set along the street and bright sunlight needed.
About 3m * 3m boxes, mobile walls which could be detached and installed as required; Part slabs are flexible to create double height spaces.
Easier to access for people both in the city and in this site; Connect all buildings in this site; Plants and resting places to active this site.
About 2.1m * 3.6m open areas for both plants and resting places to form winding paths or open spaces.
Flexible walls to meet requirements of different sizes of workshops and different kinds of people; Size of spaces should meet ergonomic requirements; Natural sunlight is needed.
About 3m * 3m boxes, mobile walls which could be detached and installed as required.
Dynamic spaces to make it more attractive for children; Natural sunlight is required; More transparent spaces.
About 3m * 3m boxes, mobile walls which could be detached and installed as required.
Easier acess for people in the city; No sunlight requirement; Triple height spaces is needed.
About 25m * 30m triple height space, with inserted structure to brace the old structure.
library
Double height spaces are required to make it more attractive; Natural sunlight is required; Resting spaces are needed; Use the form of arcade to bring old memories.
About 20m * 36m of floor area with 5 floors.
manufactory
A factory to create materials and components for people in dynamic spces to build their own spaces; No natural sunlight requirement; Have tubes or conveyors to deliver materials.
About 17m * 70m of floor area with at least 9m in height.
No natural sunlight requirement; Size of spaces should meet ergonomic requirements.
About 5 sqm each.
market consuming cafeteria Active play
dynamic spaces
public open space
workshops working childcare
gallery
memories Reflect on memories static spaces
kitchen service spaces stairs & elevators
washrooms
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3.3 Definition of NoVacancy
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3.3 Definition of NoVacancy 3.3.1 flexible market & workshops
Parameters of mobile walls
Possible spatial forms 36
Then I started to consider that if the heritage today couldn't meet the demands of people, and then it would be vacant again in the future if we just design for today's people. Because today would be history again in the future. However, what we could do is limited. And at that moment, I thought of the flexible walls to meet different demands of people. It seems this building alive and could grow. Studio 07 - NoVacancy
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3.3 Definition of NoVancancy 3.3.2 practical ways
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3.3 Definition of NoVancancy 3.3.2 practical section 1:20
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3.3 Definition of NoVancancy 3.3.3 Overall Section Design
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3.4 Retail Space 3.4.1 Self-reflection of past retail space
Liner space. All types of retail taking place in one typical space.
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Retail Space
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3.4 Retail Space 3.4.2 Senarios
Customers
Customer A
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Demands & Characteristics
Scenarios
Goal-oriented
Customer B
Don't have strong purposes.
Customer C
Personalized demands
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Quick-pick store
Traditional retail
Display & Exhibition
Retail Space
Communications with Designers
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3.4 Retail Space 3.4.3 Journey Map Quick pick store
Traditional retail
Exhibition
Workshops
Public space
Art works
Conferences
Lecture hall
Clothes
Living
Square
Jewelry
Work space
Cafeteria
Customer A
Customer B
Customer C
Designers
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Communication Units
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Retail Space
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3.5 Research on arches 3.5.1 General research on arches Scale
Number
a. a:b=1:1
a. half
b
fat; large & dynamic spaces
hilighted
interact with outer space
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b. a:b=1:2
b. one
typical;
c. same-sized series
b. a:b=1:3
dynamic d. different-sized series
thin; monumentality
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hint for next desitination
Arches
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3.2 Research on arcade 3.2.3 General research on arches Enclosure
door; lead to a room
guidance of the journey
enclosed space
guidance of the journey open for public
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hilight the corner
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hilight the single wall
Arches
dynamic space; hilight the center point
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3.2 Research on arcade 3.2.3 General research on arches
Interact with boxes
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Arches
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3.6 Possible Typologies
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Typologies
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3.7 Research on existing retail space 3.7.1 Research on retail development in urban scale Streets plays a leading role in the growth of retail space.
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Typologies
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3.8 Research on the growth of Bourke Street
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3.8 Research on the growth of Bourke Street
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3.8 Research on the growth of Bourke Street
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3.8 Research on the growth of Bourke Street
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3.9 Research on the context and growth of a city
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GROWTH
As more and more people accumulate, other programs develop, like office blocks and residential space due to the usual demands of people.
ACCUMULATION
At the very beginning, retial space grow along the streets, which attracts people and people accumulte here. Then entertainment and public space develop, which strengthen this kind of accumulation.
BIRTH
Streets plays the leading role of the growth of a city and all things grow along the streets. It is the initial element and gives birth to everything. It's a circulation for people in the city, and attract all people to walk through it.
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3.10 Critical Assessment Community Context
Functional
Design Age
Representational
Object Expert
Initial circulation system 70
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4.1 Inspiration of stairs
picture by Falsemirroroffice
This is the representation of streets drawn by falsemirroroffice, they use stairs as streets and we could see from the stairs people may have a lot of different views. This is retail on Hong Kong stepped stairs, which is a very famous stair in Hong Kong, from this stair people could see different views every step and could enter into the retail stores at different heights.
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4.1 Inspiration of stairs
This is the cities without ground in Hong Kong, from which I learn a lot about the circulation and how to design different experience along the streets.
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4.2 Intervention Typology
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4.3 Programme Generation wind
Bo
urk
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wind
Bo
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1. Original vacant heritage
Bo
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Bo
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2. Insert stairs as streets to activate the heritage
Bo
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4. Retail spaces grow along the streets
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3. Vertical transportation system & service space
Bo
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5. Entertainment & Public spaces grow follow the retail space
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6. Co-working spaces grow as follow
wind
wind
Bo
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eS
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7. Residential spaces grow follow the co-working space
Bo
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wind
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8. Final massing
wind
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5.1 Research on the retail space
Retail - 1 Restaurants & Cafeterias
Interia space
Setback for outer space
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5.1 Research on the retail space
Retail - 2
Clothing/ Photograph workshops
workshop space
Display
workshop space
Display
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5.1 Research on the retail space
Retail - 3 Cheap restaurants & Dessert shops
Quick pick space Interia space
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5.1 Research on the retail space
Retail - 4 Typical stores
Retail Space
Display
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5.2 Research on the public space
Public - 1 Square (with stairs)
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5.2 Research on the public space
Public - 2 People gathering before stores
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5.3 Exploration of the stair typoloties
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04 Final Design
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4.1 Site Plan
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.2 Ground Floor Plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Retail & Public floor plan 1:100 on 2A1s
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4.3 Overall section 1:250
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4.4 Cutting axonometric
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4.5 renders to show the journey
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4.5 renders to show the journey
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4.5 renders to show the journey
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4.5 renders to show the journey
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4.6 Practical drawing of clothing workshops 1:20
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4.6 Practical drawing of connection between stairs and inner space 1:20
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