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Editor’s Note August 2016 Hearty greetings to all! With great excitement, team Quantinuum presents “Quriosity”: the quant magazine of SIMSR. This newsletter is designed not only to be read, but also to be absorbed. It's perfect for the moments when you're ready to relax, kick off your shoes and get a break from the regular academic stress. It is loaded with current information about people and events that you as a math enthusiast will find of interest. To make it even more affable for our readers, we have redesigned it with a tinge of creativity and innovation. In this issue, we have the main story by Milcah George on “Analytics in Sports”, which will help you understand what goes on behind the scenes of sports how analytics helps in aiding sports. The sub article by Anish Sagar on “Analytics in Video Games” will make you realize even analytics can be used in video games. In our Quant guru section, Rupal Doshi covers Mahavira, a 9th- Century Jain mathematician from Bihar. Curiosity updates by Arunava Dey covers how NASA re-established contact with long-lost Stereo-B space probe. The News digest features news related to analytics covered by Maheshwaran Kumar. Further to stimulate the grey matter in your brain; we bring to you QuantFun with its new features! So, look around and enjoy reading about the quantitative aspect of world. Happy Learning, Editorial Team!
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Contents 1.
Topics
Page No
Analytics in Sports
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Analytics in Video Games
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Quant Guru
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News Digest
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Curiosity Updates
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Quant Fun
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Quant Connect
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Cover Story August 2016
ANALYTICS IN SPORTS In order to gain a competitive advantage in sports, many countries have turned over to analytics to help them to improve upon the performance and endurance of their sportspeople. Here again, Analytics proves to be such a versatile field. It provides us a treasure of data, to be mined. Several trends, patterns related to the athlete’s strengths, fitness and performance indicators such as pulse rate, heartbeat, blood pressure can be gauged and leveraged to identify the optimal performance conditions of these athletes. For example, if we record the performance indicators of an athlete while he is training, we can observe the conditions that indicate peak performance and those that hinder it. We can look out for body flags the signal a burn out or an injury and take precautions to prevent it from occurring in the future. We can also identify the most suited training regime for each individual athlete to bring out the best performance. The data regarding athlete’s performances can be used for comparison. This is especially beneficial during the initial stages of an athlete’s training, where on identifying the body indicators of an athlete and comparing it with those of an experienced athlete, mentoring becomes easier and professional. The most noticeable application of analytics is by the British Rowing team. The sport’s governing body of UK has signed a three-year sponsorship deal with Analytics Company SAS in a bid to improve training, predict potential problems and generally increase elite athlete's potential. Predictive analytics plays a huge part in the British Rowling’s Start programme, which takes school children who would never have considered rowing and brings them to Olympic athlete level. SAS will analyze raw talent’s physical data to reveal potential stars and track their training to ensure they reach maximum level. Five out of the ten gold winners at London 2012 emerged through Start. In swimming, small, body-fixed sensors known as accelerometers are currently available that can monitor performance and stroke technique during training. Accelerometers [1] are tiny, ubiquitous motion sensors that are about the size of an average coin and can be easily worn on the body. This is a key factor in swimming, as anything worn on the body must be small enough not to interfere with the swimmer’s stroke or increase drag. One of its main advantages is that they can provide large amounts of data for long periods of time. This is particularly useful for monitoring human locomotors movements (e.g., running, walking and swimming) that take place (repeatedly) over extended periods of time. The acceleration data gathered from a swimmer produces a periodic (cyclic) pattern that is unique to a particular stroke and to a particular swimmer’s technique. Thus we can see that with the use of analytics the performance of athletes has improved vastly and we can expect to see more and more advancement of the same. With every event, new records are made, and once again the country that adopts the latest technology is the winner.
-Milcah George PG-B (2016-18
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Analytics in Video Games Have you ever wondered, why a suggestion comes up on your Facebook page that tells you exactly the kind of game you want to play and how does Facebook know what kind of games you like? Well, the answer is pretty simple yet complex. After all, it’s a number game. For the ones who have underestimated the Gaming industry, this industry is a bigger industry than the film industry and has massive revenue of $20 billion in the United States alone. Talking about numbers, there are two billion active video game players all over the world. The Electronic Arts, better known as EA [2], has 275 million players, generating 50 terabytes of data each day. What contributes to data in a video game? Having considered the enormous amount of data generated, what actually goes in the data is everything a gamer does while playing the game. Gamers leave a massive trail whenever they are hooked up on a game and the organization then tracks this data. This data includes the time spent on the game, when does one play it, whom does a gamer interact to and how much a person is willing to spend on a virtual gaming product. Be it an online game, played on a social platform or an offline/multiplayer game, played on the Play Station or Xbox, data streams are created in all these formats. Why do we need this data? The reason the gaming industry has evolved drastically can be attributed to the companies coming up with games that are liked by the masses. To understand the needs of these huge markets of gamers, this data is very critical. Online games are often linked to one’s social network accounts, which provides the gaming companies with relevant gaming data that can be in turn linked with one’s likes and interests, which helps these companies to come up with games that suits the gamer. This is not all that this data can be used for. Using this data, these companies also offer ingame purchases that have a high conversion rate. This works like any other e-commerce website, wherein suggestions are given based on a group of people with same interests. This results in additional revenue with increased up sell or cross sell ratio. This data can be further used to analyze the saturation point of a game. Let’s say that a level in a particular game is very difficult and the data reveals that majority players lose interest in the game after this level. In such cases, the developer can understand the bottlenecks within a game, and consecutively get rid of it to increase a gamers’ engagement. It is vital for a developer to have constant engagement and with the right tools, a developer can create a gaming experience that keeps the gamers glued on to the game.
Game types based on different gamers’ personality
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Thus, we see how data has played a crucial role in providing tailor made experience to gamers on various gaming consoles- Tablets, smart phones, Play Station, Xbox. This data gives insight on how a game is played in different platforms and what further advancements are needed to give the gamers a perfect gaming experience. So next time when you see a suggestion on your Facebook page, you will know the amount of research and effort that has been put in to display that in your page. -Anish Saggar PG-A (2016-18)
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Quant Guru August 2016
MAHAVIRA Mahāvīra was a 9th-century Jain mathematician from Bihar, India. He authored the Gaṇitasārasan̄graha, which revised the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta. He separated astrology from mathematics in his book and this book is the earliest Indian text entirely devoted to mathematics. He expounded on the same subjects on whom Aryabhata and Brahmagupta contended, but he expressed them more clearly. His work is a highly syncopated approach to algebra and the emphasis in much of his text is on developing the techniques necessary to solve algebraic problems. He is highly respected among Indian mathematicians, because of his establishment of terminology for concepts such as equilateral, and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and semicircle. Mahāvīra's eminence spread in all South India and his books proved inspirational to other mathematicians in Southern India. He discovered algebraic identities like a3=a (a+b) (a-b) +b2 (a-b) + b3. He also found out the formula for nCr as [n(n-1)(n-2)...(n-r+1)]/r(r-1)(r-2)...2*1.He devised formula which approximated area and perimeters of ellipses and found methods to calculate the square of a number and cube roots of a number. He asserted that the square root of a negative number did not exist. Filliozat writes about the book:This book deals with the teaching of Brahmagupta but contains both simplifications and additional information. ... Although like all Indian versified texts, it is extremely condensed, this work, from a pedagogical point of view, has a significant advantage over earlier texts. In the introduction to the work Mahavira paid tribute to the mathematicians whose work formed the basis of his book. These mathematicians included Aryabhata I, Bhaskara I, and Brahmagupta. Mahavira writes:With the help of the accomplished holy sages, who are worthy to be worshipped by the lords of the world ... I glean from the great ocean of the knowledge of numbers a little of its essence, in the manner in which gems are picked from the sea, gold from the stony rock and the pearl from the oyster shell; and I give out according to the power of my intelligence, the Sara Samgraha, a small work on arithmetic, which is however not small in importance. Throughout the work a place-value system with nine numerals is used or sometimes Sanskrit numeral symbols are used. Of interest regarding the development of a placevalue number system is Mahavira's description of the number 12345654321 which he obtains after a calculation. He describes the number as:-... beginning with one which then grows until it reaches six, then decreases in reverse order.
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Among topics Mahavira discussed in his treatise was operation with fractions including methods to decompose integers and fractions into unit fractions. For example 2/17 = 1/12 + 1/51 + 1/68. He examined methods of squaring numbers which, although a special case of multiplying two numbers, can be computed using special methods. He also discussed integer solutions of first degree indeterminate equation by a method called kuttaka. The kuttaka (or the "pulveriser") method is based on the use of the Euclidean algorithm but the method of solution also resembles the continued fraction process of Euler given in 1764. The work kuttaka, which occurs in many of the treatises of Indian mathematicians of the classical period, has taken on the more general meaning of "algebra". An example of a problem given in the Ganita Sara Samgraha linear equations is the following:
[3]
which leads to indeterminate
Three merchants find a purse lying in the road. One merchant says "If I keep the purse, I shall have twice as much money as the two of you together". "Give me the purse and I shall have three times as much" said the second merchant. The third merchant said "I shall be much better off than either of you if I keep the purse, I shall have five times as much as the two of you together". How much money is in the purse? How much money does each merchant have? If the first merchant has x, the second y, the third z and p is the amount in the purse then p + x = 2(y + z), p + y = 3(x + z), p + z = 5(x + y). There is no unique solution but the smallest solution in positive integers is p = 15, x = 1, y = 3, z = 5. Any solution in positive integers is a multiple of this solution as Mahavira claims. Mahavira gave special rules for the use of permutations and combinations which was a topic of special interest in Jaina mathematics. He also described a process for calculating the volume of a sphere and one for calculating the cube root of a number. He looked at some geometrical results including right-angled triangles with rational sides. These are some of the mathematical achievements of Mahavira and this is why he is so famous in the world of Quants. -Rupal Doshi PG-FS (2016-18)
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News Digest August 2016 Agrologics The Agriculture industry has lot of data associated with it which is derived from soil, weather, aerial imagery and these data can be collected through employee, sensors and other public and private sources. This data can be analyzed and made into useful information through data science and IT infrastructure. Agrologics[4] was founded in 2013 and it aims in aiding the agriculture industry analyze the data to produce relevant information for their food production and distribution. Agrologics have now come up with Built.io Flow, a cloud based integration software. Agrologics functions as an ERP for food ecosystem and as the food industry is moving towards adopting latest technology slowly, so Built.io Flow will appeal to the customers as it less complicated in terms of operation and installation says the CTO and co founder of Agrologics Mr. Sanjay Dayal. He also adds that He didn’t want a heavy infrastructure for the platform. Microsoft gets a Genee Microsoft has announced its plan of acquiring Genee, a start up cofounded by Ben Cheung and Charles Lee in 2014 with a main aim to simplify the laborious process of scheduling and rescheduling meetings. The service is like having a virtual assistant similar to talking to the human using the power of natural language processing and decision making algorithms. Microsoft has plans of incorporating this service in their Office 365 productivity suite so as to enhance it furthermore. All you need to do is copy Genee in your mails for meeting a person. Genee will assess and come up with proper timings which don’t clash with both your calendars. Samsung invests in IoT Samsung Electronics one of the major producers of smart phones worldwide is planning to invest $1.2 billion to IoT research in US during a course of 4 years largely through its Strategy and Innovation Center, Global Innovation center and Samsung Research America. "For Samsung, IoT means bringing the physical and digital world together to improve quality of life," said the Samsung Electronics vice chairman and CEO Oh-Hyun Kwon. He also talked about the potential of IoT to keep people from hospitals and nursing homes also to mitigate natural disasters. They have also gone ahead with acquiring start ups which are into IoT and establishing cloud based data storage networks etc. This is actually a diversified effort of a hardware producing company like Samsung to step in to services and software. Apple and Artificial Intelligence Apple CEO Tim Cook has said that Artificial Intelligence is a core technology and he also mentioned that somewhere they have been doing lot of things behind the screen. He also said about investing heavily in their R&D and bringing in more engineers in it. Apple is also planning to open up their Siri technology to third parties like Uber or Lyft, to help users complete tasks more efficiently. Also they have acquired a Seattle based start up aimed at enhancing its machine learning and AI capabilities. -Maheshwaran PG-B (2016-18)
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Curiosity Updates August 2016 NASA re-establishes contact with long-lost Stereo-B space probe [5] NASA has located a spacecraft which was missing for close to two years after it lost contact towards the end of 2014. The Stereo-B spacecraft was launched into space in October 2006 alongside a second probe, Stereo-A, on a four-year solar orbit 189 million miles from Earth. The pair was designed to orbit the sun and help provide scientists with information and images of the side furthest from Earth. In 2011 they captured the first ever images of the entire sun, allowing researchers to witness it in 3D and proving that the sun is indeed spherical. When each spacecraft orbited the far side, it lost contact with mission control for around four months. Now, scientists finally re-established contact with the probe at 6:27pm EDT on August 21, 22 months after they last communicated. They monitored the probe for several hours before ordering it to power down to conserve its battery. The team now plans to evaluate how much longer it can stay up there.
'Lone shoe' pictured on Mars - evidence of a lost alien civilization or just another conspiracy theory? [6]
Conspiracy theorists are getting excited about a picture taken by NASA's Mars Opportunity rover during its time exploring the red planet. They reckon they've spotted a "lost shoe" gathering dust next to a crater. According to serial alien-spotter Scott C. Waring: "This is probably a shoe of a species that were at war in long ago, the shoe being the lone evidence that the person had ever existed." -Arunava Dey PG-FS (2016-18)
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Quant Fun August 2016 July Edition’s Solution
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Rack Your Brains withQ.1. A shopkeeper marks the price of an article such that if two successive discounts of 20% are offered he incurs a loss of 4%. What maximum discount can he offer such that he doesn’t incur any loss? [A] 16.67%
[B] 33.33%
[C] 66.67%
[D]12.33%
Q.2. Five students – A, B, C, D and E – are standing in a row from left to right in ascending order of their heights. A is neither the shortest nor the tallest; exactly 3 students are shorter than D and exactly 3 students are taller than E. If C is at the extreme right end, then the correct order from left to right is [A] BDAEC
[B] BEADC
[C] EBADC
[D] BAEDC
Q.3 If a man cycles at 12 km/h, then he arrives at the certain place at Noon. If he cycles 15 km/h, he will arrive at the same place at 11 am. At what speed must he cycle to get there at 1 pm?? [A] 9 [B] 10 [C] 11 [D] Incomplete Data
Q.4 If 500 gm of salt solution has 30% salt in it, how much salt must be added to make the concentration of salt 50% in the solution? [A] 200 gm [B] 100 gm [C] 90 gm [D] 50 gm
Q.5 A and B are ranked seventh and eleventh respectively from the top in a class of 31 students. What will be their respective ranks from the bottom in the class? [A] 20th and 24th [B] 24th and 20th [C] 26th and 22nd [D] 25th and 21st Q.6 Find the wrong number in the series: 6, 15, 35, 99, 143,221 [A] 143 [B] 221 [C] 99
[D] 6
Q.7 The idiom given below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the option which best expresses its meaning. Ride hell for leather [A]To work hard for a small accomplishment [B]To adopt false means to succeed [C]To ride with furious speed [D]To earn money by all means Q.8 The first term and the common difference of an arithmetic progression are the same. If the tenth term of the arithmetic progression is 250, then find the sum of its first 10 terms. [A] 1375 [B] 2750 [C] 1370 [D] 625 Q.9 Considering all the natural numbers which lie between 1000 and 7770 (not including either), in which place does the digit 7 appear the most? [A] Units [B] Tens [C] Hundreds [D] Thousands Q.10 In a certain code language, RAMESH is coded as QBLFRI, how will VIKASH be coded in the same language? [A] IVAKHS [B] HSAKIV [C] WHLZTG [D] UJJBRI
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References [1] http://www.dimensionengineering.com/info/accelerometers [2] http://www.ea.com/en-gb [3] https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ganitasarasangraha [4] http://www.informationweek.com/big-data-analytics.asp [5] http://www.nasa.gov/ [6] http://www.mirror.co.uk/science/lone-shoe-pictured-mars-evidence8702281
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Quant Connect August 2016 Quantinuum, the Quant forum of KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and Research aims to empower students and professionals alike to organize and understand numbers and, in turn, to make good and rational decisions as future managers. The newsletter published monthly consists of a gamut of articles for readers ranging from beginners to advanced learners so as to further enrich the young minds understand the contributions made to the field of mathematics along with a couple of brain- racking sections of Sudoku to tickle the gray cells. For any further queries and feedback, please contact the following address: KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and Research, Vidya Nagar, VidyaVihar, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai -400077 Mentor Prof. N.S.Nilakantan (+919820680741) – Email – nilakantan@somaiya.edu
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