Quriosity january 2017 by Quantinuum@simsr

Topics

Page No

Coca Cola’s Not So Simple “Simply Orange Juice” by 4 Milcah George

Methods of data collection by Amod Kulkarni

News Digest by Maheshwaran

Quant Guru by Rupal Doshi

Quriosity Updates by Arunava Dey

Quantinuum Annual Day – Event Update by P Divya

Quant Fun

Quant Connect

Editor’s Note January 2017 Hearty greetings to all! With great excitement, team Quantinuum presents “Quriosity” - the quant magazine of SIMSR. In this issue we have the main story by Milcah George on “Coca Cola's Not So Simple “Simply Orange Juice”” which tells us about the usage of analytics by Coca Cola in the creation of this new drink. The sub-article is by Amod Kulkarni on “Methods of Data Collection” talking about the different ways of collecting primary data. In our Quant Guru section, Rupal Doshi writes about Harish Chandra, an Indian American mathematician and physicist born in Kanpur in 1923. The Events update section contains the details about Quantinuum Annual Day, conducted on 21 st January 2017. The News Updates about analytics is covered by Maheshwaran Kumar. Quriosity updates by Arunava Dey cover scientists measuring temperature swings of the black hole winds for the very first time and NASA making key software programmes easily accessible by people.

So look around and enjoy reading about the quantitative aspect of world.

Happy Learning, Editorial Team!

Cover Story January 2017 Coca Cola’s Not So Simple “Simply Orange Juice”

What is common between algorithms and Mother Nature? Nothing, you say? Coca Cola begs to differ. The company has apparently leveraged its analytical abilities and have created an algorithm for the recipe of its Orange Juice. Satellite imagery, complicated data algorithms and juice pipeline are all part of the complex process of producing Coca Cola’s leading brand of Simply Orange Juice. Several variables like weather patterns, customer preferences, and logistics affect the taste of the drink. In order to control these variations and provide customers with a drink of consistent quality and taste the company has created the “Black Book”. The Black Book includes the detailed data about different orange flavors, consumer preferences which are matched to acidity, sweetness of the orange juice. Using this data the algorithm helps the company to blend the right quantity to get the correct taste and consistency of juice. The other part of the black book contains weather patterns, expected crop yields, and cost pressures. This enables Coke to plan for a stock 15 months in advance. So in case of hurricanes or freezes, the business can alter its plan using the mathematical model. The company sources its oranges from a Brazilian company called Cutrale. The Cutrale experts use satellite imaging to monitor crops in Brazil, so they can order growers to pick their fruit at the optimal time dictated by Black Book. Fiber-optic cables keep computers at Cutrale and Coke’s juice bottling plant in constant contact so juice is piped more efficiently. Inside the bottling plant, “blend technicians” at a traffic control center carry out Black Book instructions prior to bottling. The weekly recipe is tweaked constantly. Natural flavors and fragrances captured during squeezing are added back into the juice to restore flavor lost in processing. The architect of Coke's OJ model, Revenue Analytics consultant Bob Cross who also built an algorithm for Delta for airline efficiency told Business Week that the Black Book, "is definitely one of the most complex applications of business analytics. It requires analyzing up to 1 quintillion decision variables to consistently deliver the optimal blend, despite the whims of Mother Nature." Milcah George PGDM Core (2016-18)

Methods of Data Collection Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. The data collection component of research is common to all fields of study including physical and social sciences, humanities, business, etc. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same. Data are usually collected through qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative approaches aim to address the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of a program and tend to use unstructured methods of data collection to fully explore the topic. Qualitative questions are open-ended such as ‘Why do participants enjoy the program?’ and ‘How does the program help increase self-esteem for participants?’ Qualitative methods include focus groups, group discussions and interviews. Quantitative approaches on the other hand address the ‘what’ of the program. They use a systematic standardized approach and employ methods such as surveys and ask questions such as ‘What activities did the program run?’ and ‘What skills does the staff need to implement the program effectively?’ The different methods for collecting data are as follows:-

1) Surveys Surveys are a good way of gathering a large amount of data, providing a broad perspective. Surveys can be administered electronically, by telephone, by mail or face to face. Mail and electronically administered surveys have a wide reach, are relatively cheap to administer, information is standardized and privacy can be maintained. They do, however, have a low response rate, are unable to investigate issues to any great depth, require that the target group is literate and do not allow for any observation 2) Interviews Interviews can be conducted face-to-face or by telephone. They can range from in-depth, semistructured to unstructured depending on the information being sought.

3) Focus groups Focus groups or group discussions are useful to further explore a topic, providing a broader understanding of why the target group may behave or think in a particular way, and assist in determining the reason for attitudes and beliefs. They are conducted with a small sample of the target group and are used to stimulate discussion and gain greater insights.

4) Documentation Substantial description and documentation often referred to as “thick description”, can be used to further explore a subject. This process provides a thorough description of the “study participants, context and procedures, the purpose of the intervention and its transferability”. Thick description also includes the complexities experienced in addition to the commonalities found, which assists in maintaining data integrity.

5) Triangulation Triangulation is used to address the validity of the data. Triangulation methods use multiple forms of data collection, such as focus groups, observation and in-depth interviews to investigate the evaluation objectives. Utilizing multiple data collection methods leads to an acceptance of reliability and validity when the data from the various sources are comparable and consistent. Using more than one person to collect the data can also increase its reliability. This, however, will significantly increase the cost of the evaluation. Additionally, theory triangulation provides new insights by drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives. Source: https://www.slideshare.net/priyansakthi/methods-of-data-collection-16037781 Amod Kulkarni MMS (2016-18)

News Digest January 2017 AI Can Recognize Your Face Even If You’re Pixilated We have seen pixilated pictures of all formats, blurred chunks of text or obscured faces and license plates show up on the news, in the redacted documents, and online. Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and Cornell Tech say that they’ve trained a piece of software that can undermine the privacy benefits of standard content-masking techniques like blurring and pixilation by learning to read or see what’s meant to be hidden in images—anything from a blurred house number to a pixilated human face in the background of a photo. The researchers were able to defeat three privacy protection technologies. Finally, they used obfuscated test images that the neural networks hadn’t yet been exposed to in any form to see whether the image recognition could identify faces, objects, and handwritten numbers. Salesforce is betting its Einstein AI will make CRM better If there was any doubt that AI has officially arrived in the world of enterprise software, Salesforce just put it to rest. The CRM giant on Sunday announced Einstein, a set of artificial intelligence capabilities it says will help users of its platform serve their customers better. It's putting Einstein's capabilities into all its clouds, bringing machine learning, deep learning, predictive analytics, and natural language processing into each piece of its CRM platform. Indeed, predictive analytics has been an increasingly significant part of the marketer's toolbox for some time, and vendors including Pega systems have been applying such capabilities to CRM. Also on Sunday, Salesforce announced a new research group focused on delivering deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision to Salesforce’s product and engineering teams. Google Analytics just got a new AI tool to help find insights faster Services like Google Analytics are great for amassing key data to help you make the most of your web efforts, but zeroing in on the parts that matter most can be a time-consuming challenge. On Friday, Google added a new feature to its analytics service that taps AI to surface insights automatically. If you're a retailer trying to get ready for the holiday season, for instance, the tool can instantaneously surface opportunities and anomalies hiding in your data, such as which products are experiencing higher-than-normal sales growth, which advertising channels are driving the most conversions and the best returns, and what devices customers are using to engage with your brand. The new automated insights feature is now available with the official Google Analytics mobile app on Android and iOS for English-speaking users. Google's now working on bringing it to the web version of the software and to other languages as well.

U.S. Wants Makers of Driverless Cars to Prove They Are Safe The U.S. government has issued its first rules for automated vehicles. They include a 15point set of â&#x20AC;&#x153;safety assessmentâ&#x20AC;? guidelines for self-driving systems. These cover issues such as cyber security, black-box recordings to aid crash investigations, and potential ethical conundrums on the road. The new policy will play a central role in shaping how autonomous vehicles proceed toward commercial use. Many automotive and technology companies are testing self-driving vehicles, and ride-hailing company Uber even lets customers in Pittsburgh order rides in prototypes. U.S. Secretary of Transportation Anthony Foxx said today that the new policies would also apply to cars already on the road. Source: www.technologyreview.com www.wired.com By Maheshwaran PGDM Core (2016-18)

QuantGuru January 2017 HARISH CHANDRA

Harish Chandra was an Indian American mathematician and physicist who did fundamental work in representation theory, especially harmonic analysis on semi-simple Lie groups. He was born on 11th October 1923 and died on 16th October 1983. Harish-Chandra was born in Kanpur. He was educated at B.N.S.D. College, Kanpur, and at the University of Allahabad. After receiving his master's degree in Physics in 1943, he moved to the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore for further studies in theoretical physics and worked with Homi J. Bhabha. In 1945, he moved to University of Cambridge, Cambridge and worked as a research student under Paul Dirac. While at Cambridge, he attended lectures by Wolfgang Pauli, and during one of them pointed out a mistake in Pauli's work. The two were to become lifelong friends. During this time he became increasingly interested in mathematics. At Cambridge he obtained his PhD in 1947. When Dirac visited Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A. in 1947/48 he brought HarishChandra as his assistant. It was at this stage that Harish-Chandra decided to change over from physics to mathematics. He was a faculty member at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey from 1963. From 1968, until his death in 1983, he was IBM von Neumann Professor in the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey. He died of a heart attack while on an evening walk on 16 October 1983, during a conference in Princeton in honour of Armand Borel's 60th birthday. A similar conference for his 60th birthday, scheduled for the following year, instead became a memorial conference. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S. and a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was the recipient of the Cole Prize of the American Mathematical Society, in 1954. The Indian National Science Academy honoured him with the Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal in 1974. In 1981, he received an honorary degree from Yale University. The mathematics department of V.S.S.D. College, Kanpur celebrates his birthday every year in different forms, which includes lectures from students and professors from various colleges, institutes and students' visit to Harish-Chandra Research Institute. The Indian Government named the Harish-Chandra Research Institute, an institute dedicated to Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, after him. He was also a recipient of the Indian civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan (1977). Source: http://www.hri.res.in/about/harish-chandra/ Rupal Doshi PGDM FS (2016-18)

Quriosity Updates January 2017

Scientists measures temperature swings of black hole winds for first time Scientists have for the first time measured rapidly varying temperatures in hot gas emanating from around a black hole. They say the disks of matter surrounding black holes can fling out ultrafast streams of hot gas, or 'winds'. According to new measurements of a nearby supermassive black hole obtained with NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) telescope, these ultrafast 'winds' can heat up and cool down in the span of just a few hours. The black hole is located in the active galaxy IRAS 132243809 in the constellation Centaurus.

NASA makes 'key' software programmes easily accessible for people NASA has made a range of software products publicly available, including codes for more advanced drones and quieter aircraft, which people can use for a wide variety of technical applications - without any royalty or copyright fees. The 2017-2018 software catalogue has contributions from all the NASA's centres on data processing/storage, business systems, operations, propulsion and aeronautics. It includes many of the tools NASA uses to explore space and broaden our understanding of the universe. Source: www.nasa.gov By Arunava Dey PGDM FS (2016-18)

Quantinuum Annual Day â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Event Update January 2017 Quantinuum conducted its 8th Quantinuum Annual day on 11th February 2017. Prof. Nilakantan Narasinganallur, faculty representative of the committee guided the team towards a successful event.

QAD is the annual event celebrated to commemorate the birth of the committee. Mr. Mrinal Chaturvedi from Kotak Mahindra was the chief guest of the day. Prof. Nilakantan Narasinganallur, faculty members, members of the committee and the participants were part of the event. The followings events were conducted during the day.

Quantathlon: This is the National level quiz competition based on analytics and quants skills. The quiz was conducted in two stages: online & offline. 56 teams from B schools like IIM Shillong, IIT Bombay, SIBM, NITIE and various other colleges all over India have registered this year. The online round was conducted on 2nd February 2017. The test consisted of 20 questions, the duration for which was 30 minutes. 6 teams were shortlisted for the finals on QAD.

QAD began with the offline round of Quantathlon. The offline round consisted of 6 rounds: Theory of Everything, IQ Test, Yours Graphly, Bid your way, Analytic Posers & Battleship. Following were the winners: Winners: Team Ideators from JBIMS Runners up: Team Integrator from K J Somaiya Winners were awarded with the cash price of Rs. 20,000/Quantathlon was followed by the prayer & Lighting of lamp by chief guests. Post which Welcome address & Introduction of Chief Guest was given. This was followed by the presentation of Annual Report of Quantinuum. The annual report consists of various aspects of the committee, event details and various other activities conducted throughout the year.

This was followed by the prize distribution to the winners of Quantathlon. Along with them, best quant performers, Ambar Gupta and Rishi Tekchandani (based on studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s performance in quant related subjects) were also awarded. This is a college level award which ranks students all over SIMSR in common subjects like Business Statistics, Operations Research & Business Research.

The event concluded with the short speech by the Chief Guest & vote of thanks by committee.

P. Divya PGDM FS (2016-18)

QUANTS FUN January 2017 SU-DOKU

Quant Connect January 2017 Quantinuum, the Quant forum of KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and Research aims to empower students and professionals alike to organize and understand numbers and, in turn, to make good and rational decisions as future managers. The newsletter published monthly consists of a gamut of articles for readers ranging from beginners to advanced learners so as to further enrich the young minds understand the contributions made to the field of mathematics along with a couple of brain- racking sections of Sudoku to tickle the gray cells. For any further queries and feedback, please contact the following address: KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and Research, Vidya Nagar, VidyaVihar, Ghatkopar East, Mumbai -400077 Mentor Prof. N.S.Nilakantan (+919820680741) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Email â&#x20AC;&#x201C; nilakantan@somaiya.edu

Team Leaders:

Bharat Bhushnam (+91 70457 81029) Vatsal Mehta (+91 98219 87294) Bharat Gupta (+91 98116 13264)

Editorial Team:

Aditi Mehta (+91 97570 99599) Arunava (+917720093053) Anish Sagar (+919981944441) Maheshwar Kumar (+919566173411) Milcah George (+917406186087) Rupal Doshi (+919831427640)

Designing Team:

Sudeep Kumar Sahoo (+919833056863) Shreyas Kulkarni (+918600106378) Ashish Mahadik (+919819741018)