Architecture Thesis Volume 1 by Rosa Guzman

ROSA GUZMAN

ARCHITECTURE THESIS VOL. 01

NEW YORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY | SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN

Contents 04 26

28 30 32 48

Catalytic Precedents Precedent Analysis on Catalytic Architecture Worldwide

Competition Hamburg Housing Competition : Sky Park Massing Diagrams Program Drawings Renderings

64 72 78 86 88 92 96 98

Thesis Research Thesis Proposal : Revamped Fire House Fire Station Precedent Analysis The Relocation Plan Proposed Site Recreational Space Precedent Event Space Precedent Analysis Local Site Analysis Proposed Program Basic Massing

Catalytic Precedents

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Underutilized

Projects that pair different programs to revive and/or keep its adjacent areas populated with public use.

Projects that revitalize its site by re-purposing it with successful projects that also bring in populated public use.

Connector

Object

Projects with linear public program that reconnect the urban fabric.

Projects with strong forms that may be described as â&#x20AC;&#x153;objectsâ&#x20AC;? that create nodes to attract the public.

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Metropol Parasol, 2011 Architect Location Density Program

Jurgen Mayer H. Architects Seville, Spain 12,958/mi2 (5,003/km2) Canopy, Walkway, Public Outdoor Event Space, Archaeological Museum, Farmer’s Market, Restaurant

As one of the world’s largest wooden structures, the Metropol Parasol is one of the most spectacular examples of architectural redevelopment projects to successfully liven a formerly run-down central square. Its sophisticated design brings people together to celebrate the past and present of the city.

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Olympic Sculpture Park, 2007 Architect Location Area Density Program

Weiss Manfredi Seattle, Washington, US 387,500 f2 (36,000 m2 ) 7,969/mi2 (3,077/km2) Museum, Public Outdoor Park, Beach

This challenging project was a great success in merging city + water by creating large public spaces with activities flowing above the existing and active transportation lines. The landscape architecture creates a sophisticated lifting effect in which the park appears to have been peeled off the land and laid back down to bring people from a cityscape to a waterfront edge.

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Oslo Opera House, 2007 Architect Location Area Density Program

Snohetta Bjorvika, Oslo, Norway 414,410 f2 (38,500 m2) 3,500/mi2 (1,300/km2) Norwegian National Opera, Ballet + Theatre, Arts Complex

This opera house’s roof surfaces create exciting gathering spaces in the warmer seasons and also has a lifting effect that invites people year-round. When the water freezes over, the building appears to be an ice sculpture on the waterfront. It’s another successful way of placing a building simultaneously with its existing site.

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São Paulo Museum of Art, 1968 Architect Location Density Program

Lina Bo Bardi São Paulo, Brazil 20,104/mi2 (7,762/km2) Museum, Public Informal Gathering Place

The split-building design for this museum is an amazing catalyst, especially for its time. The idea of splitting the building by lifting it over the ground floor is a difficult task to accomplish, yet the public activity in between. This design creates views on the upper floors and prevents the disturbance of views while becoming a gathering space for visitors below.

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Market Hall, 2014 Architect Location Area Density Program

MVRDV Rotterdam, Netherlands 328,000 f2 (100,000 m2 ) 7,690/mi2 (2,969/km2) Apartments, Fresh Market Produce Stalls, Food Related Retail Units, Supermarket, Parking Spaces.

Market Hall unites two highly distinctive programs to create a new leap in the integration of private and public programmatic design. This building has successfully become the communal grounds of the city by aesthetically emphasizing its retail space vertically within the residential program.

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400’

Linked Hybrid, 2009 Architect Location Area Density Program

Steven Holl Architects Beijing, China 721,600 f2 (220,000 m2 ) 3,400/mi2 (1,300/km2) Apartments, Public Green Space, Commercial Zones, Hotel, Cinema, Kindergarten, Montessori School, Underground parking

This residential building literally links its several towers to create a vertical city within itself. This was done through bridges and raising of green spaces for its residents to enjoy a suburban feel within a dense neighborhood.

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400’

Sherbourne Common, 2011 Architect Location Density Program

PFS Studio Toronto, Ontario, CA 10,747/mi2 (4,150/km2) Splash Pad (Summer)/Skating Rink (Winter), Performance Stage, Storm-water Treatment

The Sherbourne Common is an astounding project in the fact that the water running throughout the park is not only being cleansed but also celebrated throughout. It allows people to take part and understand the process while also enjoying great views of Lake Ontario.

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Busan Cinema Center, 2012 Architect Location Density Program

Coop Himelb(i)au Busan, South Korea 12,000/mi2 (4,600/km2) Theatre, Indoor/Outdoor Cinemas, Convention Halls, Office Space, Creative Studios, Dining Areas

The Busan Cinema Center is the epitome of catalytic architecture. This landmark beautifully merges open, closed, public and private areas under the world’s longest roof cantilever. Its several large spaces provide exterior privacy through on-demand control of tracking curtains to allow for several concurrent events.

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Flexible Bauhaus Museum, 2015 Architect Location Area Density Program

Penda Architects Dessau, Germany 13,120 f2 (4,000 m2 ) 1,100/mi2 (420 km2) Museum, Cinema, Outdoor Theatre, Festival and Event Space, Rotating Building Elements for Ondemand Flexibility

This proposal beautifully interacts with its visitors through its rotating walls. The building itself becomes a highly inviting sculpture with its ever-changing feature. Although it is unbuilt, it would be a remarkable innovation to modern architecture.

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Heydar Aliyev Centre, 2013 Architect Location Area Density Program

Zaha Hadid Architects Baku, Azerbaijan 333,907 f2 (101,801 m2 ) 2,580/mi2 (996/km2) Library, Offices, Children’s Activity Room, Auditorium, Orchestra Pit

The most remarkable element of this project is its elegant merge between landscape, exterior and interior building design. The building literally flows inside-out leading its visitors from the city into their destinations in the building.

Competition Hamburg, Germany

Hamburg Sky Park: The Hamburg Hybrid Housing competition is a building that optimizes possibilities for its inhabitants and folds seamlessly into the existing urban fabric, a building that is simultaneously 100% public and 100% private. The building dips down to become a continuation of the existing street, creating a continuous public loop of a Sky Park that encourages visitors to explore, rest and play along its path. Commercial programs, community spaces, sports facilities, cafes and childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s play spaces, engage the Sky Park along the walk and at the top the building provides restaurant space with ground level elevator access and a 360 degree view of Reeperbahn, Hafencity and Hamburg as a whole.

Massing Diagrams

1 The site is situated along Reeperbahn adjacent to the heavily trafficked and programmed Spielbudenplatz.

3 Instead, we propose a split solution that allows for optimizing both programs, a building that is simultaneously 100% publicly accessible while affording 100% privacy for its residents.

2 The program calls for a total of 17,000 m2 of mixed use program while simultaneously allowing for 60% open public space.

4 The wedge is divided into four identical strips that step up, optimizing views over Reeperbahn and Spielbudenplatz while creating privacy towards Kastaninallee.

5 Each step is pushed down to create a continuous public plaza, a looped sky park, that connects reeperbahn at street level to the very top of the building to see 360 degree views of Hamburg and where a public elevator connects back don to the street level.

7 Towards the excitement of Reeperbahn and Taubenstrasse, the building offers mainly apartments for students, rooms for the hostels and single individuals, and towards the Kastanienallee, mainly apartments for families and elderly where they can enjoy piece, quiet and privacy while still be part of the mix.

6 At each landing, a public program within th building, ranging from kindergartens to cafes to sports centers takes advantage of the sky part exterior while creating destinations along the building loop for both people that live in the building as well as people that are using the park.

8 The building is designed to feed directly into the diverse programming of Spielbudenplatz, creating opportunities for extended Christmas markets, winter sleighing as well as summer festivals and an amphitheater for the next time Germany wins the world cup. 29

HAMBURG HAMBURG HAMBURG Hamburg Sky Park: Program Distribution HYBRIDHYBRID HOUSING HOUSING HYBRID HOUSING Required Program COMPETITION COMPETITION COMPETITION PROGRAM PROGRAM DIAGRAM PROGRAM DIAGRAM DIAGRAM

Competition program

MUNITY COMMUNITY AREAS PRIVATE AREAS

SQM

700 SQM

E STUDIO SINGLE STUDIO

UNITS) 0 SQM

DERLY OUPLE

UNITS) 0 SQM

PLE W/ LDREN

UNITS) 0 SQM

PLE W/ CHILD

UNITS) 0 SQM

UPLE W/ HILDREN

UNITS) 00 SQM

VERSITY UDENTS

UNITS) 00 SQM

(50 UNITS) 2,000 SQM

ELDERLY COUPLE

(30 UNITS) 2,100 SQM

700 SQM

(50 UNITS) 2,000 SQM

ELDERLY COUPLE

20% ALLOWABLE BUILDING CIRCULATION 3,400W/ SQM COUPLE 1 CHILD

20% ALLOWABLE BUILDING CIRCULATION 3,400 SQM COUPLE W/ 1 CHILD

COUPLE W/ 2+ CHILDREN (30 UNITS) 3,000 SQM

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (30 UNITS) 2,700 SQM

HOSTEL

Couple 2100 M2 Couple Units 2100 m2

(30 UNITS) 2,100 SQM

20% ALLOWABLE BUILDING CIRCULATION

Couple w 1 Child 2400 M2 Couple w 1 Child Units 2400 m2

3,400 SQM

(30 UNITS) 2,400 SQM

Couple w 2 Child Units Couple w 2 Child 3000 M2 3000 m2

COUPLE W/ 2+ CHILDREN (30 UNITS) 3,000 SQM

1 FLOOR 1 FLOOR UNDERGROUNDUNDERGROUND PARKING PARKING (OPTIONAL) 6,182 SQM

Elderly Units 2100 m2

(30 UNITS) 2,100 SQM

COUPLE W/ 0 CHILDREN

(30 UNITS) 2,400 SQM

Studios 2000 M2 Studios 2000 m2 Elderly Units 2100 M2

SINGLE STUDIO

COUPLE W/ 0 CHILDREN (30 UNITS) 2,100 SQM

Community Private Areas 700 M2 Community Private Areas 700 m2

COMMUNITY PRIVATE AREAS

(OPTIONAL) 6,182 SQM

1 FLOOR UNDERGROUND PARKING (OPTIONAL) 6,182 SQM

University 2700 M2 University Units 2700 m2

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (30 UNITS) 2,700 SQM

HOSTEL

Circulation 3,400 m2

Circulation 3400 M2

Parking 6,200 m2

Parking 6200 M2

Housing 15,000 m2

Housing 15,000 M2

Hostel 500 m2

Hostel 500 M2

Commercial 1,500 m2

Commercial 1500 m2

Total 1,500 SQM Parking & CIrculation Parking Total-&9582 CIrculation SQM TotalParking Housing 9582 & CIrculation SQM Total- 15,000 Housing TotalSQM9582 TotalSQM Hostel 15,000 TotalSQM Housing 500 SQM TotalHostel15,000 Total-Commercial SQM 500 SQM Hostel TotalTotal1,500 Commercial 500 SQMSQMTotal 1,500Commercial SQM

The competition program consists of a mix of housing, retail, parking and commercial areas.

MAXIMUM TOTALMAXIMUM AREA : 17,000 TOTAL SQM AREA MAXIMUM : 17,000TOTAL SQM AREA : 17,000 SQM

The competition program consists of a mix of housing, retail, parking and commercial areas.

Hamburg Sky Park Program

BK1121

Diagrammatic Program Section

Total 1,500 SQM 1,500Commercial SQM

TOTAL 000 SQM AREA MAXIMUM : 17,000TOTAL SQM AREA : 17,000 SQM

The Hamburg Sky Park

Housing + Community Areas : 15,000 m2 Hostel : 500 m2 Diagrammatic Program Section Parking : 6,400 m2 Commercial: 3,000 m2

Housing & Community Areas : 15,000 M2 The diagrammatic program section Hostelshows : 500the M2basic distribution of the program within the building. Commercial areas occupy all sides on the Parking : 6400 M2 ground floor while apartments of all sizes wrap the internally-stacked Commercial : 3000 M2the building, creating parking and community spaces which helps raise the new Hamburg Sky Park. Apartments for younger and single people are mainly(program situated towards Reeperbahn, apartments forM2 families and elderly above includes the allowed 3400 of circulation) are mainly situated towards Kastanienallee.

The diagrammatic program section shows the basic distribution of

Section 1 Towards Reeperbahn, retail and cafe areas open up to the street creating a lively building facade.

4 On the 6th floor, the interior program shifts from parking to basketball and tennis courts connecting directly to the exterior park through cafe program and to the apartments through interior hallways.

7 The top room of the building is reserved as a restaurant which provides a 360 degree viewing platform. The space is linked to the ground floor by an elevator, completing the sky park loop.

The ramp creates the new sky park that connects directly to Reeperbahn, inviting everyone to come play while simultaneously providing green park space for the people that live in the building.

Instead of hiding the parking below ground, the building uses the parking to step up and allow the inhabitants to drive up and park directly by their apartments.

The basketball and tennis courts on the 6th floor, along with kindergarten and cafes on other floors in the building give the apartment owners great opportunities for staying active while mixing with the neighbors

8 Towards Kastanienallee, the building maintains a clean facade, enforcing the existing street grid while providing retail space at the base to activate the street.

Whenever the park turns direction, programs like kindergartens, sports facilities and cafes from inside the building spill out to activate the park and create connections between the interior and exterior. In addition, the park serves as a green roof for the building, helping to reduce heating and cooling cost for the project as a whole.

4 6

10m

20m

Elevations Hamburg Sky Park: Elevations Hamburg Sky Park: Elevations

BK1121 BK1121

Hamburg Sky Park: Elevations

BK1121

Elevation Reeperbahn / Spielbudenplatz. The building connects the public from street level to the top viewing platform. Elevation Reeperbahn / Spielbudenplatz. The building connects the public from street level to the top viewing platform.

0m 0m

10m

10m 10m

20m

20m 20m

Reeperbahn / Spielbudenplatz Elevation. The building connects the public from street level to the top viewing platform.

Elevation Reeperbahn / Spielbudenplatz. The building connects the public from street level to the top viewing platform.

10m

Hamburg Sky Park: Elevations

BK1121

Kastanienallee Elevation. Integrating into the residential fabric, the building facades on Taubenstrasse and Kastanienallee emulates the existing buildings in scale. Kastanienallee Elevation. Integrating into the residential fabric, the building facades on Taubenstrasse and Kastanienallee emulates the existing buildings in scale.

0m 0m

Elevation Reeperbahn / Spielbudenplatz. connects from streeton level to the top viewing platform. Kastanienallee Elevation. Integrating intoThe thebuilding residential fabric, the the public building facades Taubenstrasse and Kastanienallee emulates the existing buildings in scale.

0m 0m 0m

Katanienallee Elevation. Integrating into the residential fabric, the building facades on Taubenstrasse and Kastanienallee emulates the existing buildings in scale. 34

20m

10m 10m

20m 20m

10m 10m 10m

20m 20m 20m

Ground Floor Plan

an Hamburg Sky Park: Ground Floor Plan

rams

BK1121

Hamburg Sky Park: Ground Floor Plan

0m 0m

Parking entrance Private apartment entrances

Public entrance park entrance Parking

Public park entrance

Hostel entrance Public entry to roof & interior sports programs Private apartment entrances entrances Private apartment Apartment Entrances

Commercial & retail entrances Hostel entrance Parking entrance Parking entrance

Commercial & retail entrances Public park entrance Public park entrance

Public entry to roof & programs Public entry tointerior roofsports + sports programs

Hostel entrance Hostel entrance

10m 20m 10m 20m

Commercial & retail+ entrances Commercial retail entrances

2nd Floor Plan

Hamburg Sky Park: Plans, 2nd Through 5th Floor amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

2nd Floor 10 th Floor 36

10m

20m

3rd Floor Plan

BK11

amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

3rd Floor. The interior parking allows residents to drive straight to their apartment. The interior parking allows residents to drive straight to their apartment.

10 th Floor

10m

20m

4th Floor Plan 2nd Floor

amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

The connects directly to the exterior skyto park it 4thkindergarten Floor. The kindergarten connects directly themaking exterior a second playground.

10 th Floor 38

sky park making it a second playground. 0m

10m

20m

5th Floor Plan 3rd Floor. The interior parking allows residents to drive straight to their apartment.

amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

5th Floor 10 th Floor

0m 0m

10m 10m

20m 20m

6th Floor Plan

Hamburg Sky Park: Plans, 6th Through 9th Floor amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

6th Floor. Glass walls separate the apartments from the basketball and tennis courts but they The parking continues until the 5th floor, after this floor the building interior houses basketball and entering tennis courts which together with are fully visible for people their apartment. kindergarten and cafe programs makes up part of the community 0m 10m 20m 10programs th Floorintegrated into the building, available for all. Glass walls separate the apartments from the basketball and tennis courts.

7th Floor Plan

BK112

amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

7th Theand basketball andconnect tennis courts to the sky park via a juice bar. The Floor. basketball tennis courts directlyconnect to the sky directly park via a juice bar.

10 th Floor

10m

20m

8th Floor Plan 6th Floor. Glass walls separate the apartments from the basketball and tennis courts but they are fully visible for people entering their apartment.

amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

8th Floor 10 th Floor 42

10m

20m

9th Floor Plan 7th Floor. The basketball and tennis courts connect directly to the sky park via a juice bar.

amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

9th Floor 10 th Floor

10m

20m

10th Floor Plan

Hamburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

(11th 10 th floor Floorsimilar to 10th)

10 th Floor 44

10m

20m

12th Floor Plan 10 th Floor

amburg Sky Park: Plans, 10th and 12th Floor (11th floor similar to 10th)

A12th rooftop cafe provides final sky park stop andsky offers Floor. A roof topthe cafe provide the final park 360 views of Hamburg.

10 th Floor

stop and offers 360 views of Hamburg. 0m

10m

20m

Apartment Configurations Hamburg Sky Park: Apartment Configurations 44m m

44m m

BK1121 2 22Bedroom apartment, bedroom apartment, 9696 m2m

22 Bedroom apartment, 1 child, 96 m2 bedroom apartment, 1 child, 60 m2

The building consists of the following apartments: 2 Bedroom x 48 1 Bedroom x 48 Studios x 42 Student Apartments x 32 Hotel Units x 20 Total amount of units: 190

1 Bedroom apartment, 6464 m2m2 1 bedroom apartment, 46

Studioapartment, apartment, Studio 3232 m2m

Hostel apartment, 20 m Hostel apartment, 20 m2

96 m2

2 bedroom apartment, 96 m2

2 bedroom apartment, 1 child, 602 m2 bedroom apartment, 1 child, 60 m2 1 bedroom apartment, 64 m2

The building consists of the following The building consists of the following apartments: apartments: 2 Bedroom x 48 1 Bedroom x 48 Studios x 42 Student Apartments x 32 Hotel Units x 20

2 Bedroom x 48 1 Bedroom x 48 Studios x 42 Student Apartments x 32 Hotel Units x 20

Total amount of units: 190

n be re-arranged Studentto dorm 2 room bebe re-arranged to 2 Student dorm roomCan can re2 bedroom dorm, 80 m2 arranged to 2 bedroom dorm, 80 m

Corner andand Taubenstrasse. Corner of Kastanienallee The buildingand facade Taubenstrasse Overall CornerofofKastanienallee Kastanienallee Taubenstrasse and volume maintains the existing andstreet volume corners maintains with retail the existing on the street co The building facade and volume maintains the existing ground floor. ground floor. street corners with retail on the ground floor.

The project comprises rich units that a rich mix The of units project that comprises are all based aarich onmix amix 4of x of 4units meter that concrete are all based column ongrid, a 4 xmaking 4 meterallconcrete the unitscolumn interchangeable grid, making within all the theunits building. interchangea The colu are all based onbearemoved 4x4overall meter concrete column moved without apartments compromising can the without structure. compromising This meansthe that overall over time, structure. individual This means units can thatbeover merged time,toindividual create larger unitsunits can be should merged the grid, making all the units interchangeable they share. theThe interior close spaces proximity that offers they share. ampleThe opportunity close proximity to meetoffers and mingle ample opportunity with neighbours to meet andand make mingle new friends with neighbours in all age groups. and make new within the building. The columns take care of the building load which means all partitions in between apartments can be removed without compromising he overall structure. This means that overtime, individual units can be merged to create larger units should the need arise. These mix units are all connected by the new sky park as well as the interior spaces that they share. The close proximity offers ample opportunity to meet and mingle with neighbors and make new friends in all age groups.

Renderings

Corner of Kastanienallee and Taubenstrasse

Reeperbahn/Spielbudenplatz 48

View coming in from Spielbudenplatz 49

Thesis Proposal

Revamped Fire House: The firehouse has revamped itself through its growing time from a simple bucket on a porch, to a tool shed, to now a second home to its first responders. Fire stations in particular reflect â&#x20AC;&#x153;the state of American firefighting at the time they [are] built.â&#x20AC;? Nowadays, firehouses in densely populated areas are designed within existing buildings and include just enough program to accommodate the basic needs of the company. During these drastically growing and changing times, those basic needs have been outdated; leaving no opportunity for fire companies to grow and become more beneficial to todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s increasingly high demands. Re-purposing fire stations is no longer an option.

Fire Houses in History

Bucket 1678The Brigade Fires were fought by town’s people forming 2 lines: in one people passed filled buckets of water to put out the fire, in the other people would pass back the empty bucket to be refilled

First Hand1731The drawn Engine

These first fire engines were brought from London. They were hand-pumped engines.These were the engines that led to the formation of Fire Companies.

First Fire 1736The House

The fire engines were moved to the first firehouse located on Broad St. along with 42 appointed volunteer firefighters

First Pressure First Motorized 1875FDNY’s 1900High 1911The Steam Fire Boat Pumping Stations Fire Engine FDNY finally purchased their own Fire Boat, which they also leased to the Brooklyn Fire Department.

In the early 1900’s the city built 4 high-pressure pumping stations.

The city had its first Motorized Fire Engine.

First Fire 1807The Hydrant

1812

Known as a “fire plug,” the first hydrant was put down as the water supply in the city became more and more accessible.

The First Fire Codes

After the city encountered two grand building fires (Triangle + Equitable bldgs.), fire codes began to be enforced along with building inspections and fire prevention and supression came into effect.

1922

Co.

mpanies e with anies ct the anyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hydrant. es nown as e

ire

e osed for to ride riots and

First Paid 1865The Firefighters

The city grew too large for the Metropolitan Volunteer Companies to handle. Payment was enforced and a career staff of 552 Officers and Firemen was formed.

First 1970The Emergency

Response System In and effort to decrease the large numbers of false alarms, Fire and Police boxes were installeda nd required voice communication between the emergency dispatcher and person reporting.

The First Horsedrawn + BoatCo. This same year, the Metropolitan FD received their first Horse-drawn engine. In efforts to expand their services, the MFD leased a fireboat from a local ship + sailing dealership

1867Brains + Brawns Firemen were now required to be public school educated and pass a physical abilities exam.

First Qualified Merged 1981The 1996EMS HAZMAT with FDNY Technicians

These new qualified members helped evacuate and decontaminate people affected by harmful chemicals.

In order to provide better on-site medical aid, the New York Health and Hospitals Coorporation merged with FDNY.

New 1870Under Management The city of New York too contoll over the Metropolitan Fire Department. Fire truckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s letterings were changed from MFD to FDNY.

2001Counterterrorism and Emergency Preparedness After September 11, firefighters have undergone extensive training to be better prepared in the event of any threat to the city.

Programmatic Evolution

From its small beginnings, the firehouse has changed drastically to meet the standards of todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s typical firehouses. Every fire station today accommodates to the different needs of the company it houses. It has evolved from an 8â&#x20AC;&#x2122;x12â&#x20AC;&#x2122; tool shed to a 24-hr work/live building with much opportunity for continued growth. An integration to the firehouse will allow an already all-hours working building to open its doors to a new fire-interested community and promote fire education for prevention and suppression of any emergency to come in the near or far future.

EMS Laundry Room

Radio room

Offices Classrooms

Needed to keep uniforms clean

Dispatch communication for emergencies

Radio Room

Chiefs are entitled to their own office in their station headquarters

Mechanical rooms are now a necessity just as in any other building

EMS

Laundry Room

Needed for training first responders and the community for emergency prevention

Mechanical Room

Dormitories

EMS merged with FDNY

Offices

Classroooms

Mechanical Room

Sleeping rooms were brought in for firefighters to sleep in during their long 12+ hr shifts

Dormitories

Institution/Club Members began using the firehouse as an institution or club and started public and private associations Institution/Club

Kitchen

Kitchens are also added in to pass the time and have a more “home” feeling to their workplace. It is also considered a favorite

Wooden Fireplace Day Room Uniform Hook Area

Although they were illegal in the 1700’s, a fireplace was an aesthetic to the new design of the firehouse

Wooden Fireplace

Fire stations now include dayrooms and recreational rooms for their firefighters to use during their shifts to help time pass by in between calls Designated areas were added to the sheds to allow for members easy access to properly store their hats, boots and jackets

Kitchen

Day Room

Uniform Hook Area

Meeting Room The clubs then became a public necessecity and state/gornment-owned and therefore became more of a working building Meeting Room

Training Facilities

Windows

Many fire stations include training facilities for their firefighters to keep up to date with their training and physique

Training Facilities

Since becoming a hang-out spot, these sheds began including windows in their new designs to accomodate for ventilation. This was one of the first changes in its design

Windows

Seating Benches With space designated to store equipment, members now found the shed as a place to sit and wait for calls and also hang-out during their spare time Seating Benches

Engine Garage

New engines were too large to store in the wooden sheds, so they were stored in government buildings until proper garages were built with sufficients space to store them

Borrowed Tool Shed 1600’s

Members put up small wooden sheds along meeting houses, markets, and other public buildings in the city to store their tools and ladders

Engine Garage

Borrowed Toolshed

Today

Fire-Related Facts In One Year...

3,005

17,500

Deaths

Every

Injuries

seconds...

a fire department responds to a call in the U.S.

386,000

$11.7 B

Property Damage

Home Fires

84%

82% &

of all deaths of all injuries occur in residential buildings

Cost

es contributed by firefighters save the U.S. approximately

The cost of training and equipping a firefighter is$ $ approximately more than

92,000,000,000 per year

$27,000

Helmet

Gloves

$225

$95

Protective Hood

$4,300

The cost of training and equipping a firefighter is approximately more than

$27,000

Helmet

Gloves

$225

$95 Training

Pants

$7,800

$900 SCBA $4,300

Protective Hood

$4,300

Radio

$3,700

Boots

$235 Training

Pants

$7,800

$900

Boots

$235 58

$1,200 Thermal Imager

Radio

$3,700

Jacket

$8,600

Savings

$ Services contributed by firefighters save the U.S. approximately

$192,000,000,000 per year

$ $

The cost of training and equipping a firefighter is approximately more than

$27,000

$ $

Helmet

Gloves

$225

$95

Protective Hood

$4,300

Training

Pants

$7,800

$900 With 2/3 of firefighters doing volunteer services, the amount of financial savings far exceeds the cost of training and maintaining new and current firefighters making it worth having fire stations. Radio

$3,700

Helmet

Gloves

The

Boots

$235 59

Fire Stations Nationwide Registered Fire Stations : 27,126

0-100

100-500

500-1,000

1000+

NYC Fire Stations Bronx 1,385,000 residents 1:41,970

33 Manhattan 1,630,000 residents 1:33,958

48 Queens 2,231,000 residents 1:44,620

50 Staten Island 475,000 residents 1:23,750

Brooklyn 2,600,000 residents 1:38,805

Fire + EMS Stations Worldwide

04 02 03

Brandon Fire Hall No.1 Architect Cabinel Architects Location Manitoba, Canada Program Fire Station + Administrative Facilities

Rescue Company No.3 Architect Ennead Architects Location Bronx, New York Program Fire Station + Training Facilities

Heidelberg Fire Station Architect Peter Kulka Location Heidelberg, Germany Program Fire Station

Montjuic Fire Station Architect Manuel Ruisanchez Location Barcelona, Spain Program Fire Station

Greenpoint EMS station Architect Michielli + Wyetzner Location Brooklyn, New York Program FDNY EMS Station

Parc de Bombers Architect Arriola + Fiol Location Montblanc, France Program Fire Station + EMS

Integration

Fire Station

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Brandon Fire Hall No. 1, 2010 Architect Location Area Density Program

Cabinel Architects Manitoba, Canada 30,000 f2 (98,400 m2) 5,700/mi2 (2,200/km2) Fire Station, Emergency Services, Administrative Rooms

Brandon Fire Hall is a successful example of merging two programs into one building. The south wing of the building houses the fire station while the North wing houses all administrative facilities. The programs are connected by a bridge. This feature could become very useful in integrating the public flexible space with the proposed Fire/ EMS station.

Precedent Analysis

Green

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Heidelberg Fire Station, 2007 Architect Location Area Density Program

Peter Kulka Architektur Heidelberg, Germany 32,665 f2 (9,959 m2) 3,600/mi2 (1,400/km2) Fire Station, Single Bedrooms for 89 Firemen, Administrative Rooms

The Heidelberg Fire Station is the first sustainable fire station ever designed. It utilizes triple glazed heat recovering windows to help the building consume only 10% of any ordinary fire station. It also uses the hose drying tower as a “solar harvest” feeding electricity back into the city’s power network through photo-voltaic panels. It’s truly an overall “green” building.

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Circulation

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Montjuic Fire Station, 2011 Architect Location Area Density Program 68

Manuel Ruisanchez Arquitectes Montjuic, Barcelona, Spain 9,840 f2 (3,000 m2) 41,000/mi2 (16,000/km2) Fire Station, Viewing Tower

The circulation of the engines in and out of the station are successfully designed program in this project. It allows for a direct entrance into their parking spots without the need of backing up into the space which would otherwise cause traffic along the main street.

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Program

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FDNY Rescue Company No.3, 2011 Architect Location Area Density Program

Ennead Architects Bronx, New York 23,000 f2 (7,012 m2) 34,242/mi2 (13,221/km2) Fire Station, Training Facilities (Including a 35’ High Training Wall), Workshop Areas

Rescue Co. 3 was designed to answer the changing needs of the fire services. It includes physical work areas on the basement and ground floors, rest and study areas at the second floor and training and fitness spaces at the mezzanine that appear to be floating above the engine bays. It’s an all-in-one building fitting any requirements to keep up to date with training.

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The Relocation Plan

The top operating units in Manhattan come from FDNY EMS Station 7, which is located directly under the Highline in Chelsea. It is currently the only FDNY EMS station on the West Side, making it essential to the areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s safety. Unfortunately, it is situated in a highly residential zone, making it unbearable for residents to enjoy their everyday life due to the loud sirens, frequent calls and idling vehicles. FDNY EMS Station 7 needs to be relocated to a non-residential area on the West Side of Manhattan that is currently a hole in th emergency services. 72

New Jersey Manhattan

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FDNY EMS

FDNY EMS Runs

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Response Times

2009

Calls vs Population

FDNY Runs

As the population in New York City has fluctuated through the years, the amount of calls FDNY and EMS stations have had to cover has steadily increased.

With the rising numbers of responded calls, fire departments have kept their response times at a steady increase throughout the years while EMS stations have increased a significant amount.

Residential vs. Commercial

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The surrounding fabric has an integrated variety of residential and commercial buildings. This is a disadvantage for the existing EMS station 375’ 0’ 1/192”=1’-0” because it becomes a rather dangerous place for residents to walk peacefully around their neighborhood.

11th Avenue Program Separation

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Conclusion

Residential Area The existing site is highly residential and causes a high amount of disturbance with the residents.

24/7 Service Serving in a high-demanding area, Emergency Vehicles constantly rush out at all hours of the day.

Loud Sirens Because it is a 24/7 hour job, the sirens are heard loudly throughout the neighborhood, waking many residents in the middle of the night and disrupting their relaxing time during the weekends and after work.

Idling Vehicles In order to keep the equipment at their necessary temperatures, the vehicles must remain on at all times. This causes smoke and smell that is disturbing for residents.

Relocated Site

Bronx New Jersey

Queens

FDNY EMS Station 7

Brooklyn

Queens

Brooklyn

Existing EMS Stations

Existing FDNY Engine Stations

There are currently 4 FDNY EMS stations in Manhattan. The only station along the Western strip of the city (EMS Station 7) is the busiest in the city and located in a highly residential area underneath the highline and is in need of relocation.

There are 40 Fire Engine stations in the city. A 4 minute response time is essential to life and death emergency situations.

Bronx

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Proposed Site

There are several areas throughout Manhattan that are not covered within the 4 minute response zone. A proposal to relocate EMS Station 7 in addition to a new Fire house will fit perfectly in one of these uncovered zones.

This proposed site fits within the boundaries of a needed Station. It is located in the West Side and is not currently in another fire companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 4 minute response time zone. 77

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The corner of 11th Avenue directly adjacent to the proposed site has a variety of warehouse-like commercial buildings unopened to the public.

Also along the corner of 11th Avenue there is a variety of car dealerships that run approximately 5 blocks in both directions.

View directly across the street from the Porche Dealership along 11th Avenue. This dealership is located adjacent to Park West High school.

Pier 90 is located across the street from the proposed site on 12th Avenue. This will make the flexible area in the project a success for its prime location and versatility in changing program.

Views on 12th Avenue consist of a MoneyGram company, Liberty Calling Center + Variety store and a public parking lot which takes up about three quarters of the sidewalk view and takes up space on 50th and 51st Streets.

50th Street consists of an abandoned building that was previously a night club which turns the corner taking up half of 12th Avenue in addition to about 3/4 of public parking. 79

4-Minute Response Time Zone

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NEW FDNY ENGINE + EMS

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The site’s 4 minute radius covers approximately the entire zone that currently remains uncovered. A quicker response time in this area will 1/192”=1’-0”1/xxx”=1’-0” improve the existing fire companies located around the proposed site and improve response time to sites closer to their locations. 80

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Pier 88 Manhattan Cruise Terminal Intrepid Sea, Air + Space Museum

Department of Sanitation 12 American Red Cross

Broadcasting Station

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Piers Piers 90/92/94 Piers 90/92/94 90/92/94 Residential Public Public ParkPark 1 1 1 4 4Residential 4 Residential 9 9Public 9 Park (P90) (P90) Manhattan (P90) Manhattan Manhattan Cruise Cruise Cruise Terminal Terminal Terminal + VoltaNY + VoltaNY + VoltaNY Educational Educational Educational Facility Facility Facility 10 10 Misc. Misc. Businesses Misc. Businesses Businesses 10 - Contemporary - Contemporary - Contemporary Art Show Art Show Art Show 5 5 5

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Different types of activities go on ConEd ConEd ConEd 11 11 11 around the site. Art0’galleries, museums 375’ 0’ 500’ 1000’ 1/192”=1’-0”1/xxx”=1’-0” Modern Modern Modern Art Fair Art Fair Art Fair American American American Red Red Cross Red Cross Cross and recreational facilities will influence Department Department Department of Sanitation of Sanitation of Sanitation 12 12 12 7 7 7 PierPier 88 Pier 88 88 2 2 Manhattan Manhattan Manhattan Cruise Cruise Terminal Cruise Terminal Terminal what the fire station will include in its Broadcasting Station Station Station 12th 12th Avenue 12th Avenue Avenue 8 8Broadcasting 8 Broadcasting Intrepid Intrepid Intrepid Sea, Sea, AirSea, Air + Space +Air Space + Space 3 3 catalytic design. Museum Museum Museum 81 (P92/94) (P92/94) (P92/94) TheThe Armory The Armory Armory Show Show Show CarCar Dealership Car Dealership Dealership - Annual - Annual - Contemporary Annual Contemporary Contemporary + + + 6 6 6

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Proposed Site 11th Avenue Program Separation

Residential vs. Commercial

Hudson River

Commercial

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Commercial Residential Public Park Commercial

Proposed Site

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Public Park Proposed Site

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The surrounding fabric has a strong separation of highly0’commercial blocks 375’ 0’ 500’ 1000’ 1/192”=1’-0”1/xxx”=1’-0” along west of 11th Avenue and highly residential blocks to the East.

11th Avenue Program Separation

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Site Access

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Buildings Buildings

BikeBike Route Route

Proposed Proposed SiteSite

Water Water TaxiTaxi

12th 12th Avenue Avenue

BusBus Routes Routes

MainMain Vehicular Vehicular Route Route

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The site is relatively accessible through any means of transportation. The most 0’ 375’ 0’ 500’ 1000’ 1/192”=1’-0”1/xxx”=1’-0” convenient being by bus.

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Catalytic Approach

Pier 92/94

De Witt Clinton Park

When considering how to create a catalyctic approach to the project, existing successful programs nearby such as open space for special events and recreational facilities are used to create a chain of networking events.

Pier 90

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Proposed Site

01 Basketball 01 Baseball 01 Football 01 Soccer Courts Fields Fields Fields

Big ArchitectVOLTANY 02 NY 02 The Fashion NYC Flea 02 ural Digest 03 Show

Market

Home Design Show

Recreational Space

Program

Integration

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Clareview Community Recreational Centre, 2014 Architect Location Area Density Program

Teeple Architects Edmonton, AB, Canada 190,000 f2 (5,793 m2) 3,074/mi2 (1,187/km2) Library, Childcare Center, High School Completion Center, Diving + Leisure Pools, Fitness and Recreational Facilities.

This LEED Silver building was a tremendous addition to the city’s urban needs. It has become the daily meeting grounds for its community and brought people together for a healthier and relaxing time.

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Precedent Analysis

Event Space

Views

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Jazz at Lincoln Center (Time Warner Center), 2004 Architect Location Area Density Program 88

S.O.M. Manhattan, New York Project: 2,800,000 f2 (9,184,000 m2) Event Space: 11,810 f2 (38,737 m2) 71,672/mi2 (27,763/km2) Commercial, Office, Cultural, Hospitality, Mixed Use, Residential

The Appel Room at Jazz Lincoln center is the home for various Jazz and Orchestral music events, meetings, plays and the set for movie filming. Its greatest feature is the astonishing view of Columbus Circle in the background.

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Precedent Analysis

Program

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Piers 92/94 Location Area Density Program

Manhattan, New York 208,000 f2 (682,240 m2) 71,672/mi2 (27,763/km2) Exhibition Space, Gallery Space, Events Space

The piers are also known for their re-occurring events ranging from NY Fashion Show, Flea Markets, Architectural Digest design shows and The Armory Show for contemporary art. The spaces are also versatile to the client’s needs for event size and style.

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Main Vehicular Route

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Pedestrian Route Proposed Site

One way streets on 50th and 51st streets become a great opportunity for Emergency Services Vehicles to easily enter and 375’ exit the site. Trucks will1/192”=1’-0” respond to calls using 50th0’street as the main street, and return unrushed on 51st Street. This makes 51st Street the best choice for main entry for the rest of the building.

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The majority of the surrounding context includes masonry and stone work. The newer buildings around the area, such as the corner of 0’ heavier use of 375’ 51st Street and 11th Avenue begin to introduce a 1/192”=1’-0” glass materials. 93 49 th

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Concept of Place

Networking Events Traffic Culture Many social factors need to be taken into consideration with the programmatic organization of the building for safety and comfort.

Successful Building Social and site integration are key qualities that will bring a successful building together. City, building and occupants will be intertwined for comfort in a hectic city. Density Place Site Surroundings The siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surroundings play a major role in knowing the programmatic and design elements that will capture visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention and keep them coming. 94

Concept of Identity

Dense City “Preservation of Identity”

Suburbia “Reconstruction of Identity”

Dense cities are forced to replace existing buildings to make way for firehouses. This leaves limited solutions for design expansion and modern growth.

Suburban areas allow brand new construction which makes way for design solutions with improved program and their own architectural identity.

Proposed Program The complete program will consist of a mix of Fire House, EMS Station, Recreational and Community Event facilities.

Total Building : 124,020 sf

Truck Maintenance 1,000 sf

Dormitories 2,500 sf

Rock Climbing 500 sf

Punching Bag Rm. 500 sf Weightlifting/Fitness 1,000 sf

EMS Truck Bay 3,360 sf

Restrooms/Lockers 1,500 sf

Classrooms 1,500 sf Dayroom 1,500 sf Recreational Rm. 800 sf

Fire Truck Bay 3,360 sf

Basketball Courts 17,000 sf

Tennis Courts 4,400 sf

Kitchen 600 sf Laundry 200 sf Showers 300 sf Lockers 300 sf Restrooms 300 sf

Training 1,500 sf

Storage/Mech. 800 sf Offices/ Conference 800 sf

Lobby/Display 1,000 sf

Fire/EMS Station 22,820 sf

Gym 3,000 sf

Volleyball 3,600 sf Fire Museum 2,000 sf

Fire Museum 2,000 sf

Recreational 28,500 sf

Cafeteria 3,000 sf

Classrooms 2,000 sf

Event/Rental Space 15,000 sf

Theatre 1,000 sf Breakroom 500 sf Restrooms 600 sf Storage/Mech. 1,000 sf Offices/ Conference 1,600 sf Lobby/Display 1,000 sf Community Space 10,700 sf

Event Space 60,000 sf

Event/Rental Space 15,000 sf

Basic Massing Compressed Volume The full 124,020 sf program makes up 2.25 floors when compressed to take up the full site. Ideally, this design concept would not take advantage of any opportunities in the site such as views or pedestrian and vehicular circulation.

Stretched Volume The full program will take up 4.5 floors when compressed to take up the only half of the site. This design brings in new opportunities for green open space/program on the ground floor.

Mix + Match Using approximately half of the site, the program can now begin to come together with circulation and programmatic integration in mind.

Programmatic Exploration Mix + Match Using approximately half of the site, the program can now begin to come together with circulation and programmatic integration in mind.

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Event/Community Space (70,700 sf) This space would fit at the upper levels to take advantage of waterfront views during events and other performances. Recreational Area (28,500 sf) The Recreational area would be placed closest to the Fire/EMS station and lobby for easy access to both clients and medical services employees. Fire/EMS Museum (2,000 sf) The museum acts as a bridge to bring all the programs together. This museum acts as an introduction to view the Fire/EMS station but still keep it private for maximum comfort of workers.

Fire/EMS Station (22,820 sf) The station will be proposed to face the three adjacent streets. Circulation and displaying of the engines will be a big concept in the design of the building. Lobby/Other The lobby, along with other service rooms, will be located on the ground floor. Main entrance to the building will exist on 51st street where the one-way street will be used by the engines as they return from a call unrushed, making it safer for all visitors.

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New York Institute of Technology School of Architecture + Design Fall 2015