Portfolio of Soohyeon Jeong for the applicaiton to M.arch program of Tsinghua University soohyeon_jeong@outlook.kr, +82) 10-6629-6520
ARCHGRAPHER ARCHITECTURE +PHOTOGRAPHER “A photographer is an individual who is always grateful to be alive, to have a pair of eyes, and to be able to visually decipher complexity in the world.” -Eric KimThe results that photographers see and interpret of the world are not simply images. They change people’s minds, record the world and sometimes change it. Therefore, their view of the world is perhaps the most powerful expression of the present. These characteristics are similar to those of architects, who express solutions to the present problems of the world through architecture. Unfortunately, many architects have lost their “eyes”, their ability to interpret and view the world has become economic logic. That is, their architecture is just another form of money, not an expression of the spirit of the times. To that end, I want to regain the lost eyes and spirit of the architect who interprets the present closely like a photographer. The works of this portfolio are my expression of that wish. ‘O’Shaped House in Soosak-dong, Korea, 1973 photogrphed byKichan Kim
Contents 01. Personal Statement & CV
04
02. Reference Letter - Hyunjin Kim, Architect KIRA , SPLK - Pf. Seungyeon Choo, Architect BAK, Kyungpook National University - Pf. Sanghong Lee, Architect AIA, Kyungpook National University
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Selected Works 03. After Library - Building type : Library
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04. Urban Slope - Building type : Office building
20
05. Vertical Village - Building type : Residence
26
06. Green Roof - Building type : Communication center
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07. Thesis : Seoul City Hall - failure as architectural solution in solving a social problem
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Extra Works 08. Photography - Essay and photos during travel
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09. Drawings
46
PERSONAL STATEMENT
ㅡ SOOHYEON JEONG ADRESS
1101/1205 Cheongsooro 213, Sooseong-gu, Daegu, Korea
CONTACT
soohyeon_jeong@outlook.kr +82 10 66296520
Many people recognize architecture as a part of art. I also thought so before I started studying architecture. However, after studying architecture for five years at Kyungpook National University, I realized that architecture is something more than art. I realized that architecture is a form of culture, history and zeitgeist plus engineering and science which together plan the lives of people. In addition, it is the most useful element for improving the quality of our lives. Thus, architecture must be the most valuable thing humans have made. These attributes have given me endless curiosity about architecture and the social environment it creates, and I feel that more professional and architectural insights are needed to have my own philosophy regarding that curiosity.
to architecture. From a certain moment, my grades, which were on average C’s, began to rise sharply to A’s, and being an architect became my only dream. Not only that, but various problems which our society faces have become my main interest, and I came to contemplate various architectural solutions to the problems. These experiences led me to realize that architecture is not merely a profession which creates buildings but a profession with a very important social responsibility to design and influence society and culture.
After realizing the importance of architecture as an element of society and culture, I learned that a deeper research into the correlation between architecture, society, culture and human beings is needed to design architecture well. It might be a complex phenomenon like an When I started studying architecture, actually, I was not interested in my major. At that time, ecosystem that can never be fully understood. However, I am sure that the small challenges to me, architecture was simply about creating pretty buildings. However, after I read Fritz which analyze phenomena and express them in architectural language will make our society Neumeyer’s Artless Word, my attitude toward architecture and life started changing. The and culture better and more prosperous. book was about the architecture of Mies Van Der Rohe, but it was more than that. It was about how modernist architecture changed the world’s idea of the great architect. In the book, For this goal, I feel I need to study in depth about architecture in graduate school. Tsinghua architecture was not a simple building but a powerful tool for expressing the times and vision University not only offers architectural programs but offers them as world-class programs. of a leader that can anticipate the future and shifts in culture. It is also a product of a time I am confident that these programs at Tsinghua University will help me to establish my own philosophy about the relationship between architecture and the world we live in. In addition, when all areas of society and culture are linked together as in a spider’s web. Beijing, which has become a world center of culture and is full of dynamic power, will be a After learning about the true role and value of architecture through the book, I realized that in good place to experiment with my architectural philosophy. order to create good architecture, I had to study various fields related to society and culture as well as college architecture programs. I started studying various subjects, from oriental art to sociology, economics and computer programming. Studying in various fields gave me a chance to think deeply about the relationship between society, culture and humanity, and my answers to the questions became an opportunity to express my ideas in various architectural languages. It has also become a powerful catalyst for my deep and genuine commitment
EDUCATION Kyungpook National University DAEGU, Republic of Korea Bachelor of Achitecture (BA), 2007-2016 LANGUAGE Korean - Native English - Fluent, Toefl105 SKILL Drafting&modeling AutoCad, Revit, Rhinoceros Grasshopper, Sketchup Digital Image & Renderling Photoshop, Illustrator, Indesign Sketch Book, Coreal Draw Renderling V-ray, Lumion, 3D Max SCHOLARSHIP KNU Honors Scholarship Kyungpook National University 28.05.2016 Bokhyeon Scholarship Kyungpook National University 23.03.2016 Kim, Jaejun Scholarship Kim Jaejun Institute 10.03.2016 Scholarship for Honor Students Architecture School, Kyungpook National University 28.07.2014/ 21.02.2014/ 25.07.2013
EXPERIENCE Lineman - Orange Fighters, American football team, KNU 03/2007-02/2017 Offensive and diffensive lineman, full time player, 70 matches Journalist - Daegu and Kyungpook Development Institute 12/2015-09/2016 10articles about urban and architectural issues of Daegu and Kyupook Researcher - Korean Traditional Architecture Labatory 06/2016-08/2016 Checking traditional houses in Sangjoo, Drawing plans of houses, Researching types of Korean traditional housing Assistant - Architecture School of KNU 06/2013-08/2013 Preparing for the accreditation of architectural education by KAAB ( Korea Architectural Accrediting Board) Project manager - Daegu Architecture Academy 09/2012-10/2012 Planning the exhibition of Daegu A rchitecture Academy Designing the exhibition rooms and coordinating works of the exhimition Intern - ANU DESIGN GROUP 06/2012-09/2012 Schematic design, design development, model making, graphic creation and presentation for master plan of Asan Techno Valley Miltary police - Republic of Korea Army 04/2010-02/2012 Managing a jail of 12division of ROKA, guarding VIP, investigating crime caused of soldiers AWARDS & ACHIVEMENTS Special selection - Kyungpook Architecture Competition 09/2016 Korea Instituete of Registered Architects (KIRA) 2nd Prize - Green Architecture Competition 08/2016 Korean Institute of Architectural Environment and Building Systems (KAEBS) 1st Prize - Incheon Housing Competition 12/2015 Incheon Development and Transportation Corporation (IDTC) 3rd Prize - Green Architecture Competition 08/2015 Korean Institute of Architectural Environment and Building Systems (KAEBS) Hornourable Mention - Daegu Architecture Competition 04/2015 Korean Institute of Architectural Environment and Building Systems (KAEBS)
C.V
ă…Ą SOOHYEON JEONG Date of Birth 16.03.1988 ADRESS
1101/1205 Cheongsooro 213, Sooseong-gu, Daegu, Korea
CONTACT
soohyeon_jeong@outlook.kr
+82 10 66296520
03 After Library
Dalseong County wants to build a new library in Guji-myeon to accommodate its increasing population. Urban planning and expansion have brought big cultural and topological changes to the area, so the library must consider its own changes to be practical. It should also take into account the rising popularity of digital books which are used on smartphones, tablets and so on in ways quite different from traditional books. The methods of library storage and access for digital books present challenges to and opportunities for the Guji-myeon library. How can it anticipate these changes and adapt to better serve the public’s needs? Graduation Project Building Type : Library PLACE 500-4, Dodong-ri, Guji-myeon, Dalseong Country, Daegu, South Korea YEAR Architectural Design 7&8, 2016
Expected changes on the future & site analysis
Change 1. Attack of building blocks Under the direction of the Korean government, new industrial complexes are being built in Dalseong County to improve the economic well-being of the region. But this policy does not consider the cultural and natural resources of Dalseong County. It can destroy irreplaceable historic sites and beautiful landscapes, leaving only large-scale, often unsightly factory and housing complexes instead.
SITE 500-4, Ddongri, Goojimyeon, Dalseong Country, Daegu, Korea
p Bike Road Under Construction
Change 2. New needs Economic expansion policies have increased the population of Dalseong County exponentially. Efforts have been made to use the area’s natural resources, such as the Nakdong River and abundant mountains, as locations for leisure facilities. Areas that were once expanses of rice paddies are now being made into parks and other community centers. This project could be very easily and very reasonably placed among them.
Change 3. New type of mankind The digital revolution of the 21st century, with the overwhelming emergence of smartphones and tablets, etc., has changed society dramatically, particularly among younger generations. Young children and teens are more familiar with literature and other print media on small, glowing screens than on paper. Printed books may not be the primary method of disseminating information in coming generations. Libraries must anticipate the popularity of digital books and redefine what a library books like and does.
_ Sports Facilities ) Accomodations ! Camping Area > Park Nakdong River 2027 Population : 16000
Sinki Industrial Complex
2022 Population : 14500
National Industrial Complex
2017 Population :13270
Dalseong Industrial Complex
2012 Population : 9874 2007 Population : 5023 2002 Population : 2849 1997 Population : 1275
Goojimeon, Dalseong
Mass Process
Constantly changing bookshelves
Step 1. Form To emphasize the library’s setting amid beautiful natural scenery, it has been given an oblong shape to provide an abundance of windows and vistas. Step 2. Connection Koreans love biking, and the area has many bike roads available. The library will capitalize on this passion by incorporating a long bridge that can connect biking inflows from the area. The library will serve as a convenient, pleasant stop along several local bike roads. Step 3. Void The rise of digital books brings a change in where reading can be enjoyed. This library will expand the concept of reading space to include not just the inside but the whole of the surrounding library space. The library will become a large server, permitting visitors to roam the library grounds, enjoying the landscape and reading wherever they please.
Current bookshelves
Books disappearing from the bookshelf
The Spectrum Wall of things from daily life
TheSpectrum Wall When books disappear, do the bookshelves have to disappear as well? Perhaps not. This project will adapt available bookshelf space into the Spectrum Wall. The Spectrum Wall will preserve and display local items and images displaced or destroyed by urban planning and development. Items and images could include children’s diaries, family photos, tools from past trades and so on. The items in the Spectrum Wall will reflect the flow of time across the bookshelves. The library’s glass surface allows visitors to see the flow of time and be reminded of memories and events that cannot be felt the same way with books alone.
The landscape of Dalseong County
Patterns drawn with light and shadow
Landscape drawn with light and shadow The timeless natural landscape of Dalseong County is being devastated by urban planning and new development with rarely considers the preservation of natural resources. The highlight the natural beauty around the library, a specially designed roof and wall will be employed in the architectural language. Light and shadow will become brush and paint with the roof and wall as canvas. The time of day, the seasons and weather will change the images on the roof and wall. Visitors to the library will be reminded of the landscape and its increasing loss before entering the library.
10
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1. Office 2. Storage
3. Deck 4. Plaza
5. Cafe 7. Park 6. Enterance 8. Lake
9. Bike road 10. Reed
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1
1. Libary
2. Open auditorium
3. Cafe
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1
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1. Libary
2. Cafe
3. Auditorium
Section a-a’
Section b-b’
Section c-c’
04 Urban Slope
The site is located in Gangnam, which is called the most dynamic district in Korea. The district has powerful agent leading various fields from culture to business. However, in the backside of the shining light of Gangnam, lots of shadows exist. The district does not have enough public open space such as parks compared to the population because the real estate of Gangnam is the most expensive in Korea. This makes people move like robots and causes disconnection between them. In addition, the high density of buildings and high electricity consumption causes serious heat island during summer. In this situation how can a new building deal with the issues? COMEPETITION Green Architecture Competition Building Type : Ofiice building PLACE 1316-19, Seochodong, Seochogu, Seoul, Korea YEAR Summer, 2016
Gangnam, the light of Seoul The site is located in Seochodong, Seoul, which is reffered to as Gangnam. The district
consists of lots of skyscrapers and facilities for diverse business. As the heart of the business district of Korea, the place releases powerful and dynamic energy. The office building, which will be constructed in the site, needs to consider how to accept this energy, and express it as an architectural language which can make the enviroment better.
100%,100000 ppl
Gangnam Hongdae Yongsan Songpa Dongjak Kwanak Public Open sapce Population
Residence
Office building
The shadow of Gangnam Gangnam is a CBD which has the most dynamic energy, but has a poor environment for living. The district has insufficient public open spaces compared to its population. It is very diifcult to produce the open spaces for the public when the average real estate cost of Gangnam is the most expensive in Korea. How can a new building deal with this issues of the district?
SITE
SITE
Rank Building energy consumption of Seoul
Heat island of Seoul
Evironmental issue of Gangnam Gangnam is the district which has the highest energy consumption in Seoul. In addition, the high density of skyscrapers release significant heat onto the roads of the district. These environmental issues cause a great heat island effect during summer and higher electiricity loads.
URBAN SLOPE
This projects tries to design a skyscraper which is able to cope with the urban and environmental issues of Gangnam. Urban Slope, the concept of this project, shows how green arhictecture can make the site better and produce public green open space for the citizens. This can develop the dynamic energy of Gangnam.
social relationship community needs
Gangnam Other districts
Step 01. Reducting solar radiation on model surface To reduce cooling energy consumption during the summer, this project tests which shapes absorb less solar radiation. The experiment shows a rotating-cylindrical model absorbs less solar radiation than a cylindrical model or an oval model. -1006
personal needs
public needs
0h
business needs
activity
education
game room
department store
kids room
kindergarden
play ground
community center
walk
market
works
restaurant
cafe
natural light & air
stationery
privacy
business center
friend
hobby
social activity
personal development
education facilities
gallery
park
library
plaza
shopping mall
0kWh/m²
Volume 100% Solar radiation 100%
activity
Volume 100% Solar radiation 89%
Step 02. Seperating core To maximize natural ventilation in the building, the building is designed with 3 separated cores. With one core plan, the building prevents air flow from passing through it; however separated cores can increase natural ventilation.
residential needs
business program
Volume 100% Solar radiation 92%
24h
usual office building’s program 0h 0h
6h
12h
working intensity
18h
24h
24h
activity intensity
proposed building’s program
Analysis of program needs This graph shows the citizens of Gangnam want public and open spaces. They want to use their free time around their work schedule for social activites. Usual office buildings have a dichotomy between work and other activities, and have not been able to produce the space for the people’s need. To solve these issues, this projects scatters the diverse spaces for their needs throughtout the building.
1 core plan
3 core plan
Step 03. Putting Urban Slope and an atrium Urban slope, open spaces rotating and rising along with the building, promotes various activities. In addition to Urban Slope, an atrium provides sunlight throughout the building reducing lighting electricity load incresing efficiency.
J _& !k e F F,X r 4D A q I
office building
natural wind
attention
I
connection
Making Urban Slope The design of Urban Slope first considered using natural winds to ventilate the building. This project wanted diverse programs for the needs in the building to not only increase social connection between people but also operate as eco-friendly spaces. The horizontal air tube for natural ventilation of the building is tilted to attract peoople from the outside, and diverse programs are arranged along the inclined axis.
Diverse activites
Atrium & natural lighting
Mass study The form of Urban Slope considered how to express the dynamic energy of Gangnam as an architectural language. The rotating cylindrical mass attracts people’s attention from the surrounding areas and makes them curious about the building. The curiosities motivate them to explore the diverse activities in Urban Slope and amplifies the dynamic energy of Gangnam. As a result, Urban Slope will promote the sustainability with its public open spaces.
Basement floor
Ground floor
1
4
7
3 6
8
5 2
3
16F
28F
1. Library 2. Plaza 3. Office 4. Garden 5. Terrace 6. Cafe 7. Restaurant 8. Gallery
Office Floor Open space
Green Architecture system
Green Roof
B.I.P.V System
Energy Performance Score
84
85
70
65
Empire State Building
Chrysler Building
Natural Lighting
Solar Power Generation
One World Building
Gherkin
Passive Architecture Many skyscrapers fail to achieve green architecture even if new eco-friendly technologies are used because most of them have low practicality compared to their high price. The buildings use curtainwall systems which have low heat insulation property. Although the buildings have certification of LEED, the actual energy performance score is lower than the buildings which were built 100 years ago such as Empire State Building and Chrysler Building. Considering this issue, Urban Slope uses a lower rate of glass walls and increases thermal insulation in the wall.
Sustainability of Urban Slope The open spaces of Urban Slope connect people using different programs. The connection will gather people more and more to the open spaces. By the connectiion, Urban Slope will have the energy which makes each open space create its own character. The spaces will grow by people and their activities, not by money and economic policies.
05 VERTICAL ALLEY
104 Village has been loved by Seoul citizens because it has kept Korean style living and atmosphere. However, the village has suffered from decline in the last 30 years. Now, most houses of the village are empty, which has caused Seoul City Hall to start to plan its redevelopment by replacing old buildings with apartments over 20 stories. With this policy, the preserved atmoshphere will disappear. With the cost of real estate soaring, this project tries to find the architectural solution that is able to deal with the problems, and let the village get its liveliness back. COMEPETITION Incheon Housing Competition Building Type : Residence PLACE 25-6, St.2ma, JoongKyedong, Nowongu, Seoul, Korea YEAR Winter, 2015
The decline of 104 Village The site is located in 104 Village, Seoul. Because Seoul City Hall implemented massive redevelopments in Cheonggyechoen, Changshindong and Yongdeungpo during the 1960s, many residents of the regions had to migrate. The poor people started building a shanty town in the site which was a mountain at that time. Although the town might look dirty and undeveloped, it has accumulated the style of traditional Korean living, which shines as a pearl in the city of massive block apartments, and has become a place which Seoul citizens love. â– Shops â– Deserted house
1970
1980
2000
2016
However, the town has declined after new apartment blocks were built next to the 104 village. This caused shops scattered throughout the village to move closer to the apartment blocks. When the shops, which produced liveliness in streets of the village, started to disappear, the village also started to lose its vitality. Many houses have been deserted throughout the village. As a result, Seoul City Hall has planned a new massive redevelopment at the site. 500 400 300
tate l es rea ion 2nd egulat r
tate l es rea ation t s 1 gul re
Economic depression
200
VERTICAL ALLEY
100 0(%) 2016
2015
2014
2013
Living cost growth
2012
2010
2011
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1998
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1997
1996
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1988
Wage growth
Real estate cost growth
Seoul, the city of the poor From 1996 to 2001, Korea went through a deep recession. After the Korean Economic Depression, real estate has become the best investment. As a result, average real estate costs in Seoul have skyrocketed to 5 times the cost of 2003 while the average wage growth has only tripled. Rent has also soared and many people suffer from being House Poor. Having a house has become the dream of Seoul citizens.
104 village is destined to be redeveloped into the massive block apartments style. The redevelopment will cause real estate costs to rise and to destroy the atmosphere that the village has kept. To prevent this, this project propses the prototype which can preseve the atmosphere of the 104 village throughout the redevelopment. Maintaining the atmosphere of the alleys, with small locally own shops and restaurants throughout the village, can give it liveliness and a more traditional feeling.
Terrace garden Private garden Cafe Site and surroundings
Korean alley
Movement in block apartments
Putting vertical alley
Restoring programs of alley
Making a vertical alley There are many attempts to envision the vertical village. However, the attempts have simply concentrated on how to stack residences vertically. This has caused the disconnection between people and has also caused villages that have no character. This project has attempted to move the usual atmosphere of an alley, which is the basement of daily life, to the vertical village. By putting irregular residences, the vertical village will have gaps within itself. The gaps will be filled with the diverseness of an alley, and have the chance to make its own character.
Public toilet Village library Palking lot
Volume for required programs
Vertical alley over corrider Traditonally hallways in apartments are simply a path for vertical movement. However, when shops, resting places, and gardens are placed along the hallways, people can walk, talk, and creates memories with neighbors throughout it. Alley gallery
Relationship with surroundings
Facilities of living
Connecting vertical alleys To make the vertical villages connected to each other, facilities of everyday life are put throughout the villages, like streets of small town, with shops and restaurants conveniently located near residences. Public facilities such as playgrounds, libraries, and public toilets, are put on the ground floors. These become the entrance which attracts people to gather and connects the vertical villages. On the upper floors, commercial shops, typically found at street level, are put along vertical alleys. This makes people travel throughout the vertical villages. 3m x 2m module 3m x 3m module Fixing beam
Diverse types of exterior wall Various types of blocks
Recycling of module
Eco-friendly construction The vertical villages consist of modules. A module can be assembled with diverse panels consisting of different materials. Because 104 village will be torned down, lots of building remains will become waste. The waste can be reused as exterior or interior materials of a module. By this way, the vertical villages also can preserve the architectural history of 104 village and give character. In addition, the structure of a module is basically a steel structure which can be recycled into many different products after the buildings lifetime.
Village plaza
planning open space
Diverse lifes in Vertical alley Because the cost of real estate has soared, many Seoul citizens want to live where residence is combined with commercial components. For this, 11 plans incorporating various life styles are proposed. The types have diverse colors of daily life, and make the vertical alley fertile. Types of block A
Types of block B
L’s super market TYPE : shop+ residence for 1 person 30m²
Types of block C
Hamilton’s fish&chips TYPE : cafeteria + residence for 1 person 45m²
Students dormitory TYPE : residence for 4 people 45m²
Smith’s coin laundromat TYPE : laundromat + residence for 1 person 15m²
John’s house TYPE : residence for 1 person 30m²
Gunshop cafe TYPE : cafe+ residence for 1 person 30m²
The house of artist TYPE : gallery + residence for 1 person 45m²
7
Little real estate TYPE : office + residence for 1 person 45m²
Sally’s house TYPE : mutil stage residence for 1 person 30m²
Beyonce’s family TYPE : house with 3rooms 45m²
Pitt’s couple TYPE : studio apartment 30m²
9 5 12
4
12
11
8
11
3 2
8
4
14 6
1
Ground floor
4
6
10
First floor 1. Public toilet 2. Small library
10
6
Second floor 3. Plaza 4. Little real estate
5. Hamilton’s fish&chips 6. Students dormitory
Third floor 7. L’s super market 8. Beyonce’s family
9. John’s house 10. The house of artist
13
Fourth floor 11. Sally’s house 12. Gunshop cafe
13. Pitt’s couple 14. Smith’s coin laundromat
West Elevation
North Elevation
Section
Plaza, the enterence of Vertical Village In Korean Building act, a parking lot has to account for the most area of ground floors of apartments. Because of this regulation, usually parking lots remain as a dead space. In this project, the parking lot is designed to have open public space when parking lots become empty during day time. By this, the dead area have a new vitality as the main key to make people communicate each other
06 GREEN CHEOMA
Modern architecture has caused serious environmental issues. The phenomenon is based on the architectural arrogance with architecture trying to control the environment with technology. However, the technology has totally failed to conquer nature. In this circumstance, traditional Korean architecture shines its eco-friendly traits. The traits were based on understanding nature, working with nature instead of against it. The wisdom of the past must be an important key to handling the issues of the present in an eco-friendly way. COMEPETITION Green Architecture Competition Building Type : Communication center PLACE 92-1, Daypungri, Yeongigun, Sejong City, Korea YEAR Summer, 2015
GREEN CHEOMA
Cheoma, traditional Korean eaves, shade the rooms of the Hanok, a traditional Korean house. Because it is designed considering the angle of the sun of all seasons, the Hanok gets less solar radiation during summer and more during winter. The idea of Green Cheoma starts from the eco-friendly wisdom of Cheoma.
Site Analysis
Motives - Cheoma & Maru
summer
winter
The present
4700 habitants, 2016
summer
6300 habitants, 2023
The site is located in a district of Sejong City which is currently in development as a new city. The city wants to develop the district as a growing town that accomodates an increasing population in the future. The site will be the center of the apartment complex.
7890 habitants, 2023
The city is planning a community center on the site. However, it will be surrounded with the forest of apartments. The concrete forest will cause a thermal island effect in the district. The site needs architecture which can deal with the expected side effects.
Cool Area
Hot Area
Cheoma, traditional Korean eaves, shade the rooms of the Hanok which is a traditional Korean house. Because it is designed considering the angle of the sun of all seasons, the Hanok receives less radiation during summer. This means the inside of the Hanok is dry and cool compared to the outside zone heated by the sun. In contrast to summer, Cheoma makes rooms of the Hanok obtain more sunlight during winter, which warms the rooms and provides natural sunlight. Cheoma is a efficient heat controlling system without using energy. The wisdom of it can be adapted for an architectural solution to reduce thermal loads of a building. Maru is a living room of the Hanok. During summer, the south zone of the Hanok is heated. On the contrary to this, the north zone of the Hanok keeps relatively cool compared to the south zone as the roof of the Hanok provides shade in the north zone. The temperature difference between the zones lets the air of the north zone move to the south zone. Air in the heated zone goes up, which causes a low air density area. This makes the air of the north zone, which has higher air density, to move to the south. As a result, the air current steals heat from the Hanok. With this system and the shade provided by Cheoma, Maru becomes a great place for people to gather together.
1006 822 660 498 332 166 0
kWh/m²
Site plan
Weather analysis In Korea, hot and humid weather, ranging from 32°C to 38°C during the summer, causes significant energy consumption. Although cold weather causes heating energy consumption during winter, energy consumption in summer is 1.6 times higher than winter. Thus, it is more important to consider methods to reduce the energy consumption and solar radiation on the surface of a building during summer. Wind path - CFD simulation Summer wind path of the site is generated by South-Eastern wind, which is a seaonal wind of Korean summer. The wind passes thorugh the middle part of the site. Preserving this path can help to reduce heat emissions from the building. Winterwind path is a seasonal wind path flowing North-West, the apartment layout will change the wind flow throughout the Cultural Center site. This changed route will make contaminated air of the town naturally ventilated away from the site, thus the wind path needs to be preserved.
Cheoma and Maru Reinterpreting Cheoma and Maru produces the shaded area where people can gather
Green Cheoma system
Mass process & Solar analysis on model surface Reduction of Solar radiation
100%
Averge temperature
Relative humidity
Average cloud cover
church
97%
87%
80%
apartment
elementary mass
Annual wind rose
Summer wind path
Winter wind path
Building a long mass the shape of the site will be less efficient for movement throughout the area and block the changed wind path.
seperating mass
Dividing the mass connects surrounding programs of the site. Also, an open space is formed where neighbors can gather and communicate together.
making oval mass
The oval shape will make the surface get less solar radiation. The shape will preserve the expected wind paths that reduce thermal loads.
putting Green Cheoma
By putting Green Cheoma, the building will not only get considerably less solar radiation, but also provide a resting place from the shadow of the roof.
sun
ligh
Waste heat recycling system Green Cheoma uses waste heat emitted from the building to generate electricity. The pressure gap between the inside and the outside of the building makes the air current faster. The accelerated current turns micro windmills which are set up on the truss structure, and the equipment produces electricity.
t
Filter fabric 100mm Insulation Waterproofing memebrane Structural deck
micro windmill Soodrajang of Haeinsa Temple
South Elevation
Green roof Green roof prevents a building from being heated by sunlight. It also purifies rainfall, which can be reused in the building.
North Elevation waste heat
The science of Haeinsa Temple The Temple of Haeinsa is home to Janggyeong Panjeon, the most complete collection of Buddhist texts, engraved on 80,000 woodblocks between 1237 and 1248. Beobojeon and Soodrajang, the buildings of Janggyeong Panjeon, which date from the 15th century, were constructed to house the woodblocks. Because the woodblocks are vulnerable to the humid weather of Korean summer, the buildings are designed to have South-Eastern wind, a seasonal wind during summer. The wind passes through two different sized windows on the opposite side walls of the building to reduce humidity. The bottom window of the south wall is wider than the top window to get more air flow from near the ground which is less humid. The wind coming through the bottom window is hotter than the air inside, and it becomes ascending air inside the space. The air current goes out passing through the upper window of north wall which is designed wider than the window below to increase emission of the hot air flow. This creates an air current that absorbs moisture inside the building and keeps the building cool. With this eco-friendly design, Haeinsa has been able to safely preserve Janggyeong Panjeon nearly 800 years without any electrical equipment. Based on the mechanism of the structures, this project tries to utilized the design as a green arhictecture solution to reduce the humidity and temperature of the building.
Micro windmill system
Rainfall
Rainfall Transducer
Spring
Mechanism of micro vibration energy harvester
B A
A’
Kinetic energy harvesting Rainfall has significant potential energy which can be converted into electrical energy. By using a micro vibration energy harvester, the building can accumulate electrical energy from rainfalls passing through cylindrical atrium structures. This green energy system does not produce any pollutants. After the conversion, the water can be reused for facilities of the building.
B’
Section A-A’
Section B-B’
Second floor ● CORE ● Community Center ●GYM 1. Reading room 2. Media room 3. Meeting room 4. Reading room 5. GYM 6. Basketball court 7. Storage 8. Hall 9. Locker room
5
7
First floor ● CORE ● Community Center ●Kindergarden 1. Class room 2. Bath room 3. Principal’s office 4. Library 5. Meeting room 6. Auditorium 7. Office 8. Computer room 9. Hall Ground floor ● CORE ● Community Center ● Kindergarden 1. Class room 2. Break room 3. Kitchen 4. Kinder garden Reception 5. Office 6. Recreation room 7. Nurse’s office 8.Education room 9. Storage 10. Education room 11. Info desk 12. Lobby Basment floor ● CORE ● Community center 1. Cafeteria 2. Cafe 3. Hall 4. Restaurant 5. Sunken garden 6. Document room 7. Control room 8. Parking lot 9. Security office 0
6
12
24(m)
8
10
Cylinderical atrium structure : Sunlights and natural ventilation The cylindrical atrium structure not only provides sunlight but also acts as a natur al ventilation system in the gymnasium.
Ventilation System of Green Roof Chilled ceiling panel
Cold water piping Wooden ceiling Dehumidificated air supplier Summer
Chilled ceiling system The hot air rises. Cool ceiling systems use this to the benefit. This system allows rainwater to cool down the ceiling surface through the ceiling pipe. When hot air touches the surface, the air becomes cold and the temperature of the room lowers.
Winter
Cylindrical Atrium In winter, the atrium inside the building is warmed by the sun. As a result, the air cooled by the low temperature of winter naturally warms. The warm air current rises along the cylindrical structure and spreads throughout the building.
07 Thesis
Seoul City Hall
: failure as architectural solution in solving a social problem Content - Introduction - Methodology - The architecture of YOO KERL - The architectural attempts to solve social problems during the industrial revolution - Conclusion - References
Introduction Dépaysement is a French term meaning, the feeling of being away from home or country’. In art appreciation, this word is used to express the feeling of the beauty in an unfamiliar scene or unexplainable relationship between the objects. ‘Soft Construction with Boiled Beans’ (figure 1), is a painting by Salvador Dali, which is an example of dépaysement. This drawing is popular as it express sadness during the Spanish civil war in the early 1900s. Salvador Dali wanted to illustrate the pain of the situation evoked by the war. He composed the painting with separated body parts, where some parts of it are appeared as bones and the face is terribly expressed with the pain. The unexplainable composition in the painting conveys pain or sadness of that situation to the audience. In this painting the artist displayed a strange relationship of object to indicate the pain of people who lived during Spanish civil war. For this reason, it is recognized as a good example in the history of art of an abstract drawing. Dépaysement, which is the feeling induced by the strange relationship of objects in this painting. This is effective because it is based about the people who lived during the Spanish civil war. This example showed that, dépaysement can be achieve by focusing the social feeling of the times. In the present days, the speed of technology and rapid change in the society are creating a rapid sense of dépaysement. Because the change is very fast, it is causing different things from different generations to coexist. The dépaysement of the place Kwanghwamoon, Seoul in Korea is best evidence. Deoksoo castle which has stood there for over 400years, the 100-year-old former Seoul City Hall ‘the symbol of Korean modern architecture’, and many contemporary skyscrapers are located in one place. These places must be one of the most evidential architectural examples of dépaysement with many unrelated design elements. In the center of this place, the new Seoul City Hall was revealed with its unconventional form. However, although it is located in the heart of Korean dépaysement, its unique form was not welcomed by the public and lots of journals fiercely criticized the design. “Architecture is a wonderful object and create a great range of impact on social structures and phenomena.”¹ In this sense, the city hall is located in the place where almost all the main political and economic agents are gathered. Because of its importance and the location of Seoul City Hall, it is positioned as the most important monument of architecture, attracting and influencing the public and in and around Seoul. On the other hand, the city hall has been recognized as an historical symbol of Korea because it is role in governance of the most powerful city in Korea, where more than half of Koreans resides. In this regard, the concept of writing starts from the question why new Seoul city hall received considerable criticism from the public? and how the new city hall should be considered with respect to the public view? I hope this will allow us to realize how architecture influence the public in the contemporary world of dépaysement. Figure 1. Soft construction with boiled beans Source : David G.Wilkins, The Big Book of Aart, Maronie books, 2005, p345
1. Fisher, Saul; “Philosophy of Architecture”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanfor University Press, 2007, p257
Methodology To make an insight that why new Seoul City Hall has become very unpopular in the public view, this paper used two different approaches. One is examination of the intentions of Yoo Kerl, the architect, when he designed the new Seoul City Hall and the other one is a case study of modernist architecture, which is an architectural solution for social problems of the times and a reaction to the zeitgeist of the industrial revolution. Examining the architectural language of Yoo Kerl and the underlying concept of modern architecture may provide a clue that, why the new Seoul City Hall elicited negative reactions from the public?
The architecture of YOO KERL
“I don’t want to enlighten people by my will. I think people would like what I like because I believe that something which is commonly exists in human nature. We cannot create architecture for our own interests.”² “People are not stone which is fixed in a place. People always breathe, move and are alive, thus the environment of human beings is understood in terms of dynamic objects. I think this dynamic space should be a wide and open. As I don’t want a controlled life, but want to be free, I prefer wide and open spaces that do not control people. I believe this type of opportunity can help us to build an open and better society.” ³ As we can see, open spaces are a key point in his architecture. Yoo Kerl has designed big and open spaces to give free movement and communication to the people inside the buildings, includes Kang Byeon Church (figure 2), the Community Center of Bae Jae University (figure 3), Asan Policy Institute (figure 4) and many others. To achieve this, he used trusses to create a big space, where people can easily gather, and glass to minimize the barrier between indoors and outdoors. Related to this, Yoo Kerl said “glass is the material of this generation. Through this material, I believe more architectural, urban spaces could be open to the public.” The characteristics of the methods in his design, open spaces, trusses, and glass, were also used in the Seoul City Hall design. These main architectural motifs are well realized in the new Seoul City Hall. Trusses and glass surfaces make a big and vertical open space in the building, and people can feel few barriers to entering the building. However, although he undoubtedly achieved this open space (figure 5), the publics of reaction was negative when it was revealed. Most architectural journals aggressively criticized it and the new Seoul City Hall mayor said “Do we have to work in the new Seoul City Hall?“, after the negative reaction of the public. In addition, The Worst 20 Architectural designs After Independence of Korea⁴, which was a survey of a hundred of architects and architectural journalists, selected the new Seoul City Hall as the worst design. One of the main reasons of the result is its inefficient form. The glass surface of the building causes lots of electricity loads and its informal shape which spent a lot of money to build it failed to get sympathetic response from the public. The Seoul City Hall construction was completed in 2013, however the city hall still has been getting negative feedbacks from journals and the public especially as Seoul city hall spend ₩300,000,000,000 for the construction. The criticism may be based on the prolonged economic slump of Korea. Nowadays, the generations who were born after 1980 is called Opo Sedae, which means the people of the generation that has to give up 5things to live such as date, house, childbirth, marriage, personal relation. In addition, the labor market of Korea has been under a long-term depression. At this situation, it may be natural that the architecture which spent astronomical costs and unpractical function is not welcomed by any citizen even though the intention of architecture is well realized. Figure 2. Kang Byeon church Figure 3. Community center of Bae Jae university Figure 4. Asan policy institute Source : http://iarc.net
2. Yoo Kerl , “Expand microscopic territory in life”, SPACE NO.452, 2005, p84 3. Yoo Kerl , “Open society, open space”, C3, 2006, p88 4. Sim younggyu and others, “The light and shadow of Korean architecture”, SPACE NO.352, 2003, p129
Modern architecture, attempt to solve social problems during the industrial revolution Philosophy of Architecture published by Stanford University said “A second candidate reason that architecture is a social art is that processes of making architecture are thoroughly and ineluctably social phenomena, constituted by interactions of social groups created and governed by social conventions and arrangements.”⁵ Modern architecture was born based on this concept. During the industrial revolution, many European cities had several urban problems caused by the explosion of population. Hygiene was worst even during the time of science revolution. The number of existing housing was always under the housing demand. In this situation, modernist started to design a new type of housing and urban planning to solve the problem of that time. They started using industrial material like concrete, steel, glasses for a new type of housing. They rejected to use the ornaments of the renaissance, baroque, gothic on the façade of buildings. With a new architecture, the generation could solve the problem caused by the explosion of population in the cities and supply enough housing to the proletariat. The early modern architects started their new design from the social problem of the time, not their subjective design will. However, a similar sensitivity to the needs of contemporary Koreans is not evident in the design of a new Seoul city hall. Only personal architectural philosophy and intention remains in it. Yoo Kerl, the architect, might dream a new Seoul city hall would be a starting point for the bright world, but the architecture which did not consider the spirit of the times, lost its groundwork to be the departure point of the better world. Conclusion During the modernism, Walter Gropius once defined the design as “neither an intellectual nor a material affair, but simply an integral part of the stuff of life, necessary for everyone in a civilized society.”⁶ To be a good architecture design, the design must concern about to recognize social problems. The first modern architecture was totally different architectural language from the usual styles consisted of renaissance. This architecture helped in creating a sense of dépaysement like the new Seoul City Hall, but received positive supports from the public. The huge difference between the new Seoul City hall and the industrial modern architecture is that whether a designer recognizes social problems or not. As stated, Korean society had been under an economic depression for a long time with terrible youth unemployment. In this situation, architect need to consider how to react to the social problems rather than expressing his design philosophy. Perhaps, future generation will admire his design of the new Seoul City Hall. However, people of present generation might have expected the architecture to reflect a more conservative zeitgeist. If Yoo Kerl has considered this point more and expressed his philosophy based on the social problems, the design of Seoul city hall would receive more positive support from the public. Bibliography Fisher, Saul; “Philosophy of Architecture”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanfor University Press, 2007, p257 Yoo Kerl , “Expand microscopic territory in life”, SPACE NO.452, 2005, p84 Yoo Kerl , “Open society, open space”, C3, 2006, p88 Sim younggyu and others, “The light and shadow of Korean architecture”, SPACE NO.352, 2003, p129 Stephanie Garlock, “FEATURES : Good Design - A public interest movement redefines architecture”, Harvard Magazine, Harvard University Press, 2012, p73 David G.Wilkins, The Big Book of Aart, Maronie books, 2005, p345 Iarc architects, httep://iarc.net, 2015 Fritz Neumyer, Artlessword, Dongnyeok, 2009, p45 Figure 5. Seoul City Hall Sourece : http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/52aa/60d4/ e8e4/4e30/7c00/003e/slideshow/PORTADA.jpg?1386897605
5. Fisher, Saul; “Philosophy of Architecture”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanfor University Press, 2007, p25 6. Stephanie Garlock, “FEATURES : Good Design - A public interest movement redefines architecture”, Harvard Magazine, Harvard University Press, 2012, p73
08
PHOTOGRAPHY
What is a good architecture?
These days the Korean architectural landscape shows many cloned block buildings which do not consider the life and cultural aspects of modern day Korea. Therefore, I feel the loss of culture in contemporary Korean architecture. The machine like work ethic of the modern Koreans has overshadowed the value of the culture. This loss can be seen in the architectural landscape thus, architecture has become more about money and
real estate development rather than culture and aesthetic. For this reason, I wanted know how culture can be expressed in architecture in a time where quick and cheap developments are valued? Therefore, I decided to travel to various Asian countries which have managed to keep their cultural expression as well as keep up with modern development. I also wanted to analyse how modern day development has started to destroy culture
and tradition in the architectural landscape of the region. During my travels, I realized that architecture is not only about construction and building. It is the expression of how we live and the thought of the time. For example, the Buddha statue in the Borbudur temple, in Indonesia might mean the ideal peace which the natives dreamed of a thousand years ago. In addition, the spire with ornamented faces of the furious gods, in the Grand
palace, in Bangkok shows how the men of power controlled the region. Through expression in architecture, we can achieve and recognize our culture and society. Thus, good architecture could be accomplished when the past and the present are amalgamated in order to keep tradition and culture of the people as well as keep up with modern development.
“Architecture is the petrification of a cultural moment.� -Jean Nouvel-
Buddha in Peace Borobudur temple, Yokjakrta, Indonesia
Curved Wall Yu Garden, Shanghai, China
Korean Alley North Village, Seoul, Korea
Market Old Market, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Two Surveilants Grand Palace, Bangkok, Thailand
Architecture not only comprises of building components but it also expresses the values of the people in the time. This can be seen in the curved wall of the Yu garden in Shanghai and the scenery of an alley in the North village of Seoul. These structures exhibit the historical and regional character of the past as well as become the building block of our contemporary life. Culture can sometimes be seen developing in the negative spaces created by the architectural components. For example, a Market space in Phnom Penh in Cambodia creates a space in which people can gather to eat food and spend time with their family and friends. The negative space created by the market place allowed for a cultural gathering of minds. In Vietnam, people put small chairs and tables outside
Pub on the street St.Ta Hien, Hanoi, Vietnam
on the street and start socializing there. Again, there are no strong architectural components defining the space such as a wall and a ceiling. However, this negative space has created a place where people can foster their culture. Modern development does not consider the importance of negative space and, values only that which can make money. Thus, unfortunately, these types of meeting areas created through negative architectural space are rapidly disappearing in Asia. Slowly, architecture for life and culture is losing its function; the danger in this is that culture can be lost. Thus, it is important for architecture to acknowledge how culture is established and the need of the people to foster their identities through their culture.
Clonized City Macau, China
In high density city, mass produced blocks of apartments might inevitable circumstance. However, even though the type of architecture is really necessary for us, it should have had to deeply consider harmony between accumulated culture and life of this age. Eventually, simply mass produced architecture has made the atmosphere which people pursuit financial asset more than architectural space when they think about architecture. People think brand naming (or name?) of apartment is the most important thing, not the quality of space. Brand naming of the apartment which I reside is ‘Castle Gold Park’. This apartment does not look a castle, of course, color of apartment is not gold color. Even, it does not provide enough park compared to the number of resident of it. It just provides rectangular rooms. Unfortunately, The brand of the apartment is one of the best apartments which most of Korean want to live. Also, this phenomenon occurs everywhere in cities of Asian countries.
Contemporay Tradition Sense from Roof designed by SOA, Seoul, Korea
It is nonsensical to bring up old traditional architecture and life style for the present and to let architecture have cultural power. However, we need architectural structures which consider and foster our thoughts and cultural aspects of the age. The architecture can be expressed with various forms, materials and spaces beyond that of traditional architecture. ‘Sense and Roof’ designed by SOA in Korea is a good example of modern architecture considering citizen needs of resting places in a city with a high density population. Under the roof made of reed, people take a rest on the ground and stone. The scenery looks similar to Korean traditional paintings where the gods are resting. In my assumption, the architects who designed it considered how tired people feel living in a city forcing them to move like a machines and hoped that they want to take a rest like gods in the traditional paintings. This particular garden has distinctive traits different from many of those that can be found commonly throughout Korea. As a result, it has become popular among many Koreans as it gives them a special feeling of harmony. Conclusively, architects should consider that people of this age really want to make architecture recover the missing power of culture and tradition. In addition architecture needs to consider the needs of the people and their lifestyles. The consideration of the above mentioned architectural ideas will produce new types of traditional traits and life in colonized modern cities.
09
DRAWINGS
The scenery of North Village Ink-and-wash painting
A ballerina Charcol drawing
Mother and daughter Chacol drawing
Soohyeon Jeong soohyeon_jeong@outlook.kr +82) 10-6629-6520