Marine Science Ist Edition By Peter Castro – Test Bank To purchase this Test Bank with answers, click the link below https://examquizes.com/product/marine-science-ist-edition-by-peter-castro-test-bank/
Description Marine Science Ist Edition By Peter Castro – Test Bank Sample Questions Instant Download With Answers Chapter 03 Ocean Chemistry and Structure Multiple Choice Questions
1.
Hydrogen bonds in water molecules are formed between: A. Ions in solution between the molecules. B. Nuclei of adjacent molecules. C.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent molecules. D. Two hydrogen atoms of the same molecule. E. Two oxygen atoms of the same molecule.
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
A(n) _______ is a substance of two or more atoms held together with chemical bonds. Element Molecule Isotope Ion Proton
Ans: B
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Which of the following is not an element? Sodium chloride Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Magnesium
Ans: A Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1, 3.2
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
_______ is a measure of the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Temperature Kelvin Heat Evaporation Density
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.P.10.In.a Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
5.
Where would you expect to find the least number of hydrogen bonds in a given area? 6. Water at 4°C 7. Water at 90°C 8. Gas at 110°C
9. 10.
Ice at 0°C Salt water at –2°C
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
6.
When water cools, but does not freeze, the molecules move _______ and take up _______ space. A. Faster, less B. Slower, more C. Faster, more D.Slower, less E. Up, less
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
7.
Which of the following is the state of water at a temperature of 4°C? A. Boiling point of water B.Maximum density of water C. Freezing point of water D. Sublimation point of water E. Condensation point of water
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
8.
Hydrogen bonds: A. Lower the heat capacity of water. B. Cause ice to melt at a lower temperature. C.Make ice less dense than water. D. Lower the boiling point of water. E. Do not affect the heat capacity of water at all.
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
When ice is melting, the heat being added causes: Molecular motion to increase. Molecular motion to decrease. The temperature of the ice to increase. Hydrogen bonds to break. Hydrogen bonds to form.
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
10.
Water is unusual because it is less dense as a solid than a liquid. This is important for marine organisms because: A. A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it. 11. It influences the solubility of carbon dioxide. 12. Cold water holds less oxygen than warm water. 13. A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it; if ice was denser, the oceans would freeze from the bottom and remain frozen, leaving no available space. 14. All answers are correct. Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7
Ocean Literacy Standards: 5.g Book Section: 3.1
11.
The heat capacity of water is _______ compared with other naturally occurring substances. A.High B. Low C. Equal D. Fluctuates by location E. None of the choices are correct
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
12.
The sticking together that occurs between particles of different substances is called: 13. Cohesion. 14. Adhesion. 15. Surface tension. 16. Viscosity. 17. Resistance to flow.
Ans: B Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
13. 14. 15. 16. 17.
Identify the weakest bond from the options listed below. Hydrogen bond Covalent bond Ionic bond A&C
18.
B&C
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
14.
Which of the following properties is unique to water due to its molecular structure? 15. It forms long-chain polymers 16. It can dissolve non-polar materials like hydrocarbons 17. It vaporizes more quickly than any other liquid 18. It is less dense as a solid than a liquid 19. It has low surface tension.
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Which color is least likely to be visible at a depth of 20 meters? Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange
Ans: E Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e Book Section: 3.2
16.
Pressure increases with depth by adding one atmosphere of pressure for every: A.10 meters of depth. B. 50 meters of depth. C. 100 meters of depth. D. 500 meters of depth. E. None of the choices are correct; pressure depends on the temperature of the water.
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: 5.g Book Section: 3.2
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
Sound travels faster in the ocean compared to in the air primarily because: The ocean is deeper. There is a smaller temperature range in the ocean. The ocean is denser. Currents carry sound faster than wind carries sound. The ocean is noiser.
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.P.10.20 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.2
18.
Which ions comprise about 85% of the solutes in seawater? A. Magnesium and sulfate B.Sodium and chloride C. Calcium and carbonate D. Potassium and chloride E. Calcium and sulfate
Ans: B
Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e Book Section: 3.2
19.
The salinity of water is generally expressed in: A. Kilograms per liter of water. B. Total weight per pound. C. Percentage per liter. D.Parts per thousand. E. Percentage per thousand.
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e Book Section: 3.2
20.
The rule of constant proportions expresses that: A. Salinity varies with geographical location. B. The percentage of sodium varies with depth. C. The percentage of chlorine varies with geographical location. D. Salinity varies depending on the season. E.The relative concentration of ions does not change.
Ans: E Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e Book Section: 3.2
21.
Salinity of seawater increases: A. With an increase in rain. B. Near the mouth of rivers. C. Around ice as it melts in spring.
D. With a decrease in depth. E.As evaporation increases.
Ans: E Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e Book Section: 3.2
22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.
Why are water temperatures below 0°C possible in the ocean? Ice floats. Hydrogen bonds. The ocean is salty. Pressure. Latent heat.
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e Book Section: 3.2
23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
Materials that contain carbon are called: Organics. Nutrients. Trace elements. Carbonics. Dissolved gases.
Ans: A Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.1
24.
How does the oxygen content of the ocean compare to the air that humans breathe? A. Higher oxygen content B.Lower oxygen content C. No significant difference D. Depends on the salinity of the water E. Depends on the depth of the water
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.7 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.2
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
Which process does not produce oceanic gases in situ? Respiration Gas exchange Photosynthesis A and B A, B, and C
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e Book Section: 3.3
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.
How is inorganic carbon converted into organic compounds? Respiration Photosynthesis Buffering Gas exchange Dissolution
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1
Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e Book Section: 3.3
27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.
An increase in CO2 in the ocean causes an increase in: H+ ions. H2O. CaCO3. O2. pH.
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e Book Section: 3.3
28.
Approximately _______ of the anthropogenic CO2 pumped into the atmosphere has been absorbed by the oceans. 29. 0% 30. 10% 31. 30% 32. 50% 33. 75%
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.e
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
An increase in oceanic CO2 causes an increase in the dissolution of: CaCO3. NaCl. H2O. O2. Trace elements.
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e Book Section: 3.3
30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
________ is likely to be least negatively affected by ocean acidification. Corals Oysters Pteropods Squid Seagrass
Ans: E Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.16 Ocean Literacy Standards: 6.e Book Section: 3.3
31. 32.
All of the following are true of water except Water has one of the highest heat capacities of any naturally occurring substance. 33. Water can dissolve more things than any other natural substance. 34. The oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water molecules have weak, opposite charges that create electrical attractions between adjacent water molecules. 35. Water is not the most common liquid on the planet, but it is the only substance that naturally occurs in all three states on Earth.
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e Book Section: 3.1
32.
Which of these features and processes does not add sediments, salts, and/or other solid materials to the ocean? 33. Rivers and streams 34. Hydrothermal vents 35. Volcanoes 36. Snow 37. Evaporation
Ans: E Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.g Book Section: 3.2
33.
Increased sea surface temperature has the potential to kill vast areas of coral because of this phenomenon: 34. Zooxanthellae 35. Invasive species 36. Coral bleaching 37. Ocean acidification 38. Oligotrophic
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.L.14.6 (environmental factors affecting coral health), SC.912.L.17.4, SC.912.L.17.8, SC.912.L.17.6 Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 3.3
34.
Besides issues with calcification, how else does ocean acidification affect marine organisms?
Ans: Greater CO2 concentrations can cause greater mortality in marine larvae, those in the earliest stages of life. Ocean acidification can suppress an organism’s immune system, reduce metabolic rates, and alter their internal chemical balance. Reduced pH can also change behavior. Under acidified conditions, clownfish become repulsed by the smell of anemones, their natural habitat. By avoiding anemones, clownfish allow themselves to be more vulnerable to predation. Ocean acidification has also shown to make squids more sluggish, probably making them less effective predators and more vulnerable to their own predators.
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.L.17.8, SC.912.L.17.16, LA.910.2.2.3 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.f, 6.e Book Section: 3.3
35.
Using what you’ve learned in this chapter, how would you expect temperature, salinity, oxygen, pressure, visibility, and CO2 levels to compare between the surface of the open ocean and 3,000 meters below in the water column?
Ans: Temperature: likely colder at depth, unless at the poles, then probably similar Salinity: probably very similar, although a heavy rainfall or intense evaporation might slightly alter surface salinity Oxygen: probably higher at the surface since it is there where photosynthesis occurs, and there is gas exchange at the air-sea interface Pressure: higher at depth since the water column is above you Visibility: light levels are higher at the surface so visibility will be higher there CO2: likely higher at depth since only respiration takes place (this might change with climate change)
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.L.17.7, SC.912.L.17.10 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.e, 3.b, 5.g
Chapter 05 Ocean and Atmospheric Circulation Multiple Choice Questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
The _______ contains 90% of all atmospheric gas, but the _______ contains ozone. Mesosphere, troposphere Mesosphere, stratosphere Stratosphere, thermosphere Troposphere, mesosphere Troposphere, stratosphere
Ans: E Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 5.1
2.
The Coriolis effect is the direct result of which of the following? A. Temperature B. Gravitational pull of the sun C. Ocean currents D.Rotation of the earth E. Wind
Ans: D Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.1
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Which of the following is not an important greenhouse gas? CO2 H2 O N2 CH4 N2O
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e Book Section: 5.1
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Which of the following does not affect atmospheric CO2levels of in the natural carbon cycle? Volcanoes Air–sea exchange Biological activity Cement production Photosynthesis
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.e Book Section: 5.1
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Isotopes have the same number of _______ but a different number of _______. Protons, neutrons Protons, electrons Neutrons, protons Neutrons, electrons Electrons, protons
Ans: A Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 5.1
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
The The The The The The
tropics lie between: Tropic of Cancer and 23.5°N. Tropic of Capricorn and 23.5°N. Tropic of Cancer and the Equator. Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator. Tropic of Capricorn and 23.5°S.
Ans: B Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 5.1
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
An area of low pressure is characterized by: Sinking cool air. Rising cool air. Sinking warm air. Rising warm air. Clear skies.
Ans: D Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: Book Section: 5.1
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Which of the following has the largest effect on atmospheric wind patterns? Depth of the sea Clouds Temperature Volcanoes Gravitational pull of sun and moon
Ans: C Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.1
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Trade winds: Are unaffected by the Coriolis effect. Diverge from the Equator at a 90 degree angle. Develop between 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south. Move north in the Northern Hemisphere. Change direction depending on ocean currents.
Ans: C Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.1
10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Winds that move toward the east are known as the: Doldrums Tradewinds Westerlies Polar easterlies Jet stream
Ans: C Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.1
11.
The Ekman spiral occurs as a result of: A. Salinity. B. Transparency. C. Pressure. D. Dissolved gases. E.Wind.
Ans: E Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.2
12. 13. 14.
Gyres are: Large circular systems of surface currents. Affected by the Coriolis effect only in the Northern Hemisphere.
15. 16. 17.
Extend only along the Equator. Extend only around Antarctica. Are found only in the Pacific Ocean.
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.2
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise in the: Northern Hemisphere only. Southern Hemisphere only. In both hemispheres. In the Atlantic Ocean only. In the Pacific Ocean only.
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.2
14.
In which of the following locations does a cold current flow almost into the Equator? 15. Atlantic coast of North America 16. Atlantic coast of South America 17. Pacific coast of Australia 18. Pacific coast of Asia 19. Pacific coast of South America
Ans: E Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.2
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Coriolis-driven upwelling is most likely to occur: Around Antarctica. Around the Equator. On the eastern side of ocean basins. On the western side of ocean basins. During monsoon season.
Answer: B Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.2
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
The main thermocline is located at the zone: Right above the mixed layer. Between the warm and cold layers. Along the bottom. Below the intermediate layer. Right at the surface in warm tropical water.
Answer: B Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.3
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
The mixed layer is: Also the intermediate layer. Also the surface layer. Where the main thermocline is located. Typically less than 4°C. Below 1,500 m.
Answer: B Florida Standards:
Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.3
18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
A stable water column: Has warm water floating on cold water. Is well mixed. Does not have a thermocline. Has little density difference throughout. Leads to downwelling.
Ans: A Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.3
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Overturn is least likely to occur: In the winter. In the tropics. In the polar regions. In the temperate regions. C and D.
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.3
20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Downwelling of surface waters to the bottom of the ocean occurs: With cold, salty water. With cold, fresh water. With warm, salty water. Off of Somalia. Where the water column is stable.
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.3
21.
Forces that cause water movements lead to mixing of the entire ocean once every _______ years. 22. 2,000 23. 3,000 24. 4,000 25. 5,000 26. 6,000
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.3
22.
Which of the following is true about tropical organisms like corals? A. They survive at higher latitudes on the eastern sides of oceans due to upwelling. B.They survive at higher latitudes of the western sides of oceans due to surface current patterns. C. They survive at higher Arctic latitudes due to ocean current gyres. D. There is no difference. E. Tropical corals can be found in shallow water in all parts of the Earth’s oceans.
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.3 Ocean Literacy Standards: 5.g Book Section: 5.3
23.
If air temperature decreases, then:
24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
Wave height will increase. Wave height will decrease. The ocean temperature will also decrease, but not as much. The ocean temperature will also decrease, the same amount. The ocean temperature will also decrease, but a greater amount.
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a Book Section: 5.4
24.
Higher than usual atmospheric pressure in the southeastern Pacific causes a _______ of trade winds and characterizes a(n) _______ event. 25. Weakening, El Niño 26. Reversal, La Niña 27. Strengthening, El Niño 28. Strengthening, La Niña 29. Reversal, El Niño
Ans: D Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.c Book Section: 5.4
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
High pressure in the Eastern Indian Ocean results in: Higher than usual atmospheric pressure off Peru. Strengthening of trade winds. Weakening of coastal upwelling off Peru. Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Hurricanes in the Caribbean.
Ans: Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a
Book Section:
26.
Tropical cyclones rotate _______ in the Northern Hemisphere and _________ in the Southern Hemisphere. 27. clockwise, counterclockwise 28. counterclockwise, clockwise 29. counterclockwise, counterclockwise 30. faster, slower 31. A and D Ans: Florida Standards: Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.b Book Section:
27.
Fossil fuels, sheep and cattle, rice paddies, and landfills are the main sources of ___________ to the atmosphere. 28. CH4 29. CO2 30. N2O 31. H2 O 32. N2
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.16 Ocean Literacy Standards: 6.e Book Section: 5.4
28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
Ans: D
Ocean warming is a direct result of: Ocean acidification. Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps. Thermal expansion. B and C. A, B, and C.
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.L.17.16 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.f, 6.e Book Section: 5.4
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
With climate change, monsoons are not expected to: Affect a larger area. Have heavier rainfall. Have stronger winds. Have weaker storm surge. Change.
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.16 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.b, 3.f Book Section: 5.4
30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
An increase in CO2 is anticipated to benefit: Sea jellies Invasive species Corals A and B A, B, and C
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.L.17.4, SC.912.L.17.16 Ocean Literacy Standards: 6.e Book Section: 5.4
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
Our climate is ultimately controlled by these two factors: The moon and the sun The sun and the ocean Precipitation and the ocean The sun and rivers, lakes, and streams
36.
The sun and ice caps
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.4 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a Book Section: 5.1
32.
In the natural carbon cycle, the ocean influences climate by controlling CO 2 levels primarily through: 33. air-sea exchange and fossil fuels 34. biological activity and massive geological events 35. massive geological events and air-sea exchange 36. biological activity and air-sea exchange 37. massive geological events and fossil fuels
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.4, SC.912.E.7.9 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a, 3.e, 3.f Book Section: 5.1
33.
More evaporation occurs in the ______ because the sun’s rays are ________ concentrated, thus affecting precipitation both at sea and on land. 34. subtropics, less 35. tropics, less 36. subtropics, more 37. tropics, more 38. subtropics, not
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.4 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.f, 3.a, 3.b, 3.d Book Section: 5.1
34.
Which of the following has the greatest influence on the Earth’s winds and surface currents? 35. Precipitation 36. Evaporation 37. Uneven heating 38. Latent heat of cooling 39. Ekman transport
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.4, SC.912.P.10.2 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.b, 3.f Book Section: 5.1
35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
Fluctuations in ______ have the potential to cause climate changes and ice ages. Surface currents The great ocean conveyor Trade winds Hadley cells Precipitation
Ans: B Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.4, SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.P.10.2 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a, 3.f, 3.g Book Section: 5.3
36.
Pacific Decadal, North Pacific, and El Niño Southern are all examples of _____, which can affect climate on short time scales. 37. Currents 38. Cyclones 39. Tsunamis 40. Monsoons 41. Oscillations
Ans: E
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.P.10.2 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a, 3.c, 3.g Book Section: 5.4
37.
The lack of coastal upwelling off of South America during the 1997-98 ENSO did not cause _______ in the area. 38. cooler surface waters in the area 39. heavy rainfall 40. a failure of fisheries 41. lack of nutrients to the surface 42. decreased evaporation in the area
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.c Book Section: 5.4
38.
All of these factors except _____ contribute to tropical cyclone formation, and are expected to intensify due to climate change. 39. high pressure 40. considerable evaporation 41. warm oceanic water 42. the Coriolis effect 43. warm air
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6, SC.912.E.7.9 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.b, 3.d Book Section 5.4
39.
The increase in ocean temperatures due to climate change is causing the sea level to rise primarily via: 40. melting glaciers
41. 42. 43. 44.
thermal expansion evaporation A and B B and C
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.d, 3.f Book Section 5.5
40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
This is not expected to worsen as the climate continues to change: Rainfall Areas affected by monsoons Monsoon winds Forest Fires Human health
Ans: C Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6, SC.912.E.7.9 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.f Book Section 5.5
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.
Which of the following would weaken a cyclone? Land Temperate waters Crossing the Equator A and B A, B, and C
Ans: E Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6 Ocean Literacy Standards: 3.a, 3.b, 3.d Book Section: 5.4
42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.
Which of the following would not be caused by a cyclone? tornadoes storm surge precipitation tsunamis winds
Ans: D Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.6 Ocean Literacy: 3.b, 3.d Book Section: 5.4
43. 44.
Which statement about ocean water is true? A water column with greater density differences between the layers is more stable than one with smaller density differences between the layers. 45. A water column with smaller density differences between the layers is more stable than one with greater density differences between the layers. 46. When surface water becomes more dense than the water below, the surface water sinks, which is called upwelling. 47. When surface water becomes more dense than the water below, the surface water sinks, which is called an ENSO.
Ans: A Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.9 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.3
[Art above goes with question 44] 44.
Just for the fun of it, someone walking along the shore in Beaufort, South Carolina, throws a bottle with a message in it into the sea. Some time later, someone in Perth, on the west coast of Australia, finds the bottle. Referring to map, can you trace the path the bottle probably took?
Ans: The most probable route is: Gulf Stream, Canary Current to the Equator, South Equatorial Current, Brazil Current along the east coast of South America, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and finally north along the west coast of Australia. Answers, however, may vary as students suggest alternatives to the above-mentioned route.
Florida Standards: SC.912.E.7.Su.b Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c Book Section: 5.2
45.
Combining what you know about ocean chemistry and circulation, what do you think would happen to the Great Ocean Conveyor if climate change continues to increase sea surface temperature in the Arctic?
Ans: It is likely that the Great Ocean Conveyor will weaken for two reasons. 1. An increase in temperature will cause sea ice and glaciers to continue to melt, which will supply additional fresh water to the area. Fresh water is not as dense as salt water, so less sinking will occur, and more of that introduced water will float on the surface. 2. The water in the area will warm, and will become more similar in temperature to water farther south and at depth (remember, deep water is around 4 °C, while surface water near the poles can reach temperatures below zero). This will also weaken the conveyor, as the temperature difference between surface water and the water below will be less intense. A weakened Great Ocean Conveyor might not have the strength to transfer heat around the globe as successfully, which will in turn impact the Earth’s climate and surface currents.
Florida Standards: SC.912.N.1.6, SC.912.E.7.1, SC.912.E.7.4, SC.912.E.7.9, SC.912.L.17.4, SC.912.L.17.16, SC.912.L.18.12 Ocean Literacy Standards: 1.c, 3.a, 3.f, 3.g, 6.e