HOVINBEKKEN from Pipe to Public The Oslo School of Architecture and Design : Diploma Spring 2012 : Insitute of Urbanism and Landscape : Randi Engan
Re-opening of the river through an infrastructural node in Oslo. Water treatment and storage design.
Re-introduce nature to the city and recover continuity of water and green structures.
LANDSKAP MED GRAVEMASKINER De spiser av skogene mine. Seks gravemaskiner kovm og spiste av skogene mine. Gud hjelpe mig for ein skapning på dem. Hoder uten øyne og øynene i baken. De svinger med kjeftene på lange skaft og har løvetann i munnvikene. De eter og spytter ut, spytter ut og eter, for de har ingen strupe mer, bare en diger kjeft og en rumlende mave. Er dette et slags helvete?
Former local waste depot by Sognefjorden, Vik i Sogn, 1985.
For vadefugler. For de altfor kloke pelikaner? De har blindede øyner og lenker om føttene. De skal arbeide i århundrer og tygge blåklokkene om til asfalt. Dekke dem med skyer av fet ekshaust og kald sol fra projektører. Uten struper, uten stemmebånd og uten klage.
Rolf Jacobsen, Hemmelig liv, 1954.
Hovinbekken, Oslo 2012.
Ă˜yungen
Maridalsvannet Bogstadvannet
Akerselva
Ă˜kern Oslo S
Nesodden
The watershed of Hovinbekken covers an area of
11,1 km².
River and stormwater are piped underground and released into Akerselva before it enters the harbour of Bjørvika.
Årvollåsen Trollvann
Hovinbekken is the most polluted waterway of Oslo.
16 thresholds
lead sewage to Hovinbekken in heavy rainrall and in malfunctions.
noff
Culvert
Årvoll r
stormwate
2,5 m
Bjerkedalen Goo
d
ty
Upstream Økern, the river has a good water quality as it runs partly open. The river goes into the culvert at Økern and after this the water quality turns to very low. The rivers ability to self-clean is decreased due to lack of contact with light, air and vegetation.
road ru
2,5 m
piped river.
lead stormwater directly to the
In h e recei avy rain fa ving sewa ll, Hovi nb ge in the a ekken is rea o Wat f Øk er qu ern. ali
45 pipes
Very
Risløkka
Økern low
Hovin Ensjøbyen
Kampen
Oslo S
Grønland Open river Piped river
M 1:20 000
N
Green structure.
5
1
2
Stop. Økerns first priority is cars.
4
12
Alnabanen. The railway for freight traffic is connected to the Alnabru Terminal and goes through the middle of Økern.
6
16
Industrial storage. arge area are used for storing equipment for excavators.
Site for re-opening. Hovinbekken runs in a culvert under this industrial area.
9
Impermeable surfaces.
3
Aerial view of railway and the area south of Økern centre.
Impermeable surfaces. Økern is covered mainly with asphalt and concrete.
Pedestrian tunnel. Part of the “green structure” crossing Økern. The tunnel goes under a roundabout that is part of the new road structure.
13
Green structure.
7
8
Hovinbekken at Risløkka.
10 The stream runs open through areas of single family houses.
Kids play and build bridges and houses in the trees above the water.
11
Low point. Runoff collected from roads and other non-pervous surfaces goes into underground pipes leading to Hovinbekken.
14
15
Pedestrian underpass.
18
19
Ulvenveien passes under the railway.
Økern Senter. The high building will remain in the new future situation of Økern centre.
T-bane going south from Risløkka towards Økern.
Closed off industrial site.
Walking next to the T-bane tracks.
17
Økern T-bane station.
B 10
11
B
8
18
B
19
T
2
B
16
12
0m
10
4 9
0 20
17
5
m
15
B
6
0 30
m
1
13 7
14
0m
40
0m
50
3
Water, rail and main roads 1938.
Water, rail and main roads 2000.
Water, rail and main roads 2015.
Infrastructural transformation. Ring 3 and Ă˜ster Aker vei are put in a tunnel. Ulvenveien becomes the new local road.
Runoff water from the new roads goes untreated directly to Hovinbekken!
Teglverkstomta. Hovinbekken will be re-opened downstream of Ă˜kern. New school and kindergarden.
Hovinbekken in culvert (dashed line) and original waterways of Hovinbekken and Refstadbekken.
Pressure. Ă˜kern Senter will be transformed around a node into a residential area with shopping, culture, business and living.
D2 D3
D2
Green structure and trails. D2 from centre towards Bjerke. D3 from centre towards Risløkka and Linderud.
Site for re-opening Hovinbekken. Current buildings: industry and storage.
Hovinbekken existing culvert
1
B
11
T
2
T-bane station / Økern senter Bus node
1 Lead the water along the T-bane tracks.
2 Integrate the river in the
existing pedestrian/bicycle underpass.
4
9
T B
3 Fill up the underpass. The
6
existing road, which is a low point, becomes an expansion of Hovinbekken.
5
4 Open up new connections to
3
the T-bane and to Økern senter.
10
5 A new underpass next to the river.
7
6 Water as the main attraction. Retaining, buffering, draining. Emergency flooding areas / multiple land-use, winter as summer.
8
7 Connect to the ongoing
re-opening project at Teglverkstomta.
8 Existing green structure. 9 Connection to Lørenbyen / Haslevangen.
10 Re-use / remove industrial buildings.
50 m
11 Re-value infrastructural left overs.
december 55 mm
january 49 mm
november 73 mm
february 36 mm
march 47 mm
october 84 mm
273 mm 248 mm
233 mm 205 mm 180 mm 145 mm
146 mm
157 mm
april 41 mm
september 90 mm
Normal 1961-1990 Forecast 2071-2100
august 89 mm
may 53 mm
july 81 mm
june 65 mm
Ă˜kern is covered by 80-90 % hard surfaces which give 60-70 % runoff.
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
More extreme weather and higher peaks.
n es a ts. com ven t be ood e fl lver g cu exit in stin Exi rgency e em
. the em ss yst xce t s t e en ha tm r t rea ate er t s w wat he atc storm dc an f the etl W its o lim
Local stormwater treatment
Thresh
old
> raingardens > urban runoff > road/highway runoff
Flo o
da
ble
lan
ds
Existin g treatm pipes leads t ent to h the flo e overflow f odable ro wetlan m stormwa ter d.
cap
e
Treatmen t pond co llec road runo ff from th ting e highway . Release
River and pipe concept As the river gets opened and creates a new waterway, the existing culvert functions as an emergency gateway in flood events and as a system collecting the excess water from local treatment sites. Excess water goes into a wetland to be treated before it reaches the river. By building up thresholds, a multi functional landscape can temporary hold and store water in flood events. The concept can be applied further downstream of Ă˜kern using the exixting culvert.
River
Treatment
Storage and sedimentation
Culvert
Water treatment wetland. Storage design principle.
sediment pond
Hydraulic efficiency
1 m² 0,26
0,76 0,76
3m
0,26
thresholds
0,30
0,11
0,61 0,90
9 m² 0,3 m
HIGH
LOW
A +98
A´
+97,5 The river is the base of a linear park along the T-bane.
B
Existing culvert functions as an emergency in flood events.
+97
+96
F
T
B´
B Perspective 3 Økern T-bane. Walk along the water. The river is lead through the pedestrian tunnels.
C C´ E
Perspective 1
A threshold can be used to temporary hold water in flood events, preventing flooding downstream.
Proposed connection towards Økern Sentrum and Løren. To allow the fish to move upstream, thresholds are maximum 50 cm high.
+89 +88,5
path
+93
+91,5
wetland
rpass
+90,5 +91
Polluted runoff from the surfaces around the gas-station is proposed stored and treated before it reaches the river. The space available can also allow treating washing water.
D
unde
+89,5 +90
Alnaban
en
D´
+92 +9
Perspective 2
3,5
+85
ei ker v
eA Østr
Proposed underpass. Continuous promenade along Hovinbekken goes under Ring 3.
ter
wa nt
fro
F´
Play ground.
n
eie nv
ve Ul
Existing industrial building is proposed transformed into residential. First floor with café and public functions facing the riverfront.
Perspective 4
+97
E´
+83 Runoff from Ring 3 will be lead into a sediment pond and treated in a wetland at a site which currently is vacant. Existing pipe is extended. Local raingardens collect the water at low points from roofs and surfaces within the new developments at Ulven.
Ri ng
Pipe
3
Culvert Watersheds Water storage/treatment Floodable area M 1:1000 Persveien
Decidious forest
Riverfront
Wetland
Urban planting
Edible vegetation
Bjørk / Betula pendula Osp / Populus tremula Eik / Quercus robur Lønn / Acer platanoides
Safe Normal
Flood
White willow / Salix caprea Istervier / Salix pentandra Hegg / Prunus padus Strandrør / Phalaris arundinacea
Dunkjevle / Typha latifólia Sverdlilje / Iris pseuacorus Kjempesøtgras / Glyceria maxima Sjøsivaks / Schoenoplectus lacustris Bukkeblad / Menyanthes trifoliata Hvit nøkkerose / Nymphea alba
Waterfront design principle. Dynamic: the place and the watefront changes as the water rises.
Kirsebær / Prunus serulata Rogn / Sorbus aucuparia
Eple / Malus Pære / Pyrus communis Plomme / Prunus domestica Bjørnebær / Rubus fruticosus
Riverfront soft + hard edges.
102 101 100 99 98 97 96
green
promenade
green
river
road
T-bane
98 97 96 95 94 93 95 94 93 92
green
T-bane
green
river +promenade
green
96 95 94 93 92 91
promenade in tunnell
river
95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85
C - C´
wetland
green
underpassing promenade
river
green
d
F´
railway +buffer
wetland
Ă˜kern Senter
lawn
green
river
railway +buffer
forest
waterfront
river
promenade +riverfront
promenade
river
office building
1:200
Watersheds. Each watershed has a low point that collects the water.
Maximum storage Road runoff Sidewalk treatment Raingarden Draining field Permeable cover Open ditch Water slope
Local storages hold stormwater and prevent it from reaching Hovinbekken. In a normal condition there will be constant waterbodies in the low points.
Local raingarden collects water from roofs and nearby paved surfaces. In heavy rainfall and extreme situations the overflow goes into existing pipes leading to a public treatment pond before it reaches the river. The raingardens becomes a system of biotopes for birds, people, insects.
Play fields Wetland Filtrating ground. Water is allowed to filtrate under areas that can be used for recreation. Controls the amount of water released into the river.
Filtration River
More nature, more pleasure.
Treatment
Storage and sedimentation
Sidewalk stormwater treatment. Stores and treats runoff from streets and squares and creates space for blue and green in urban conditions with limited space for nature.
Waterplan
The patches of treatment give valuable habitats to insects and amphibians.
Play fields
Wetland waterplan proposes a toolbox of five principles for Projected Filtration storing and treating stormwater at Ă˜kern. Filtrating ground. Water is allowed to filtrate under areas that can be used for recreation. Controls the amount of water released into the river.
Local road runoff storage and treatment. Storage-ponds for sedimentation along the road slow down the water and secure a constant flow to treatment-ponds. When the pondes exceed capacity, the overflow goes into existing culvert leading to a bigger treatment pond.
River
Through mapping the slopes and lower points in the landscape, the area is divided into different watersheds which each stores and collects stormwater in a low point. The waterplan is dynamic as each watershed gives space for changes in the waterlevel and for the waterbody to expand. As the water excesses the limits, the overflow goes into existing pipes leading to the wetland within the public park. In a normal condition, some of the treatment ponds will have a constant waterbody while others will be dry. In areas with more polluted runoff as from the highways, the water will be lead into sediment ponds before it is treated in a wetland. Together, the pattern of stormwater treatments enhances the urban ecology and provide green open spaces.
Permeable pavement. Allows a certain amount of water to infiltrate and keeps the functionality of a hard surface. Can be used on parking areas and other spaces that requires a hard surface for vehicles.
TAKK!