� ���� �
��
��
�
�
�� ISBN 978-93-81461-06-8
� �� �� � � � � � � �
��
�
� ��
�
��
�
(Rs.200/-)
�
�
�� ���� Milli Times Building, Abul Fazl Enclave, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-25 Tel:. +91-11-26945499, 26946246 Fax: +91-11-26945499 Email:millitimes@gmail.com www.barizmedia.com
���
� � �
� � � �
�
�
�
� �� �
�
�
� � �� ��
� � � �
� �
� � � ��
� � �
�
� � � �
� �
�� �
� �
� � � �
�
� � �
� � �
�
�
�
�
� � �
� � � �
� �
� �
�
�� �
� � � � � � � � � �� � �
� �
� �
� �
� � � � � �
� �
��
�
� � � � � �� �� �� � � � � �
�� �
�
� �� �
� � ��
��
� � � � �
�
� �
����
� � � � �
� � � �� �� �� � �
� �
�
� ���
�
� � �
� �
� � � �
� �� � �
� � � � � �
�
�
� � � � � � � � �
� �
� �
� � �
� � � �
��� � � � �
�
�
� �
� � � � � �
�� � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�
� � �
�
� � � � �
�
� � � �
� ��
� �
�
� � � � � �
�� � � — � �� �
�� �� �� � � � � � � � � �
� � � �
� �
�
� � �
�
� � �� � � �� �
� �
� � � ��� �� � � � � � � �
�
� �
�
� �
�
� �
� � � �
� ��
�
�
�
�
� � � � �
��
� � � � � � � � � �
� � � � ��
��
�� � � � �� � � � � � � � � � �� � �
��
� � � � � �� � � �
� � � � �
� �
�
�� �
� � �
� � � �
�
� �
�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �
� �
� �
� � �
�
�
�� �� � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � �
�
�
�
� � � �
� � �
� �
� �
�
�
�
� �
pacifism� �
� �
� � �
�potential candidate
�
��
� �� �
�� � � � � � � �
� �
�� �
���
� �
� �� � � � �
�
�� � �
� � � ��
� � � �
�� � � �
� � � � � � � � � �� �
� �
�� � � � � � � � �
��
� ��
� �
� �
� �
�
� � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �
� � � �
� � �
�
��� �
� � �
� � � � � �
� �
� � �
� � � � �
�� � � � � � � � �
� � � � �
� � � � �
� � �
� � � ��
�� � � � � � �
� � �� �
�
�
� � � � �
�� �
� ��
�� � �
� � � �
� � � � ��
�
� �
� �
� � � �
� �� �
� � � �
� � �
� � � � �
� � � � �
� �
� � � � � � � �� � � � � �
� � �
�
�
�
�� ��
�
� � � �
� ����
� ���
� � �
� �
� � �
� � ��
� � � �
�
�
�� �
� � � � � � �
� �� �
� �
�
����
� � � � � � � �� � � �
� � �
� �
�
��
� � �� � � � � � ��
�
� � � �
� � �
� � � � �
� ��
� � �
� � � �
� � � �
� �
� � � � � � � � � � �
�
�
�
�
� � � � � � � �
� �
� ��� �
� � �
� �
� � � �
� �
� �
� � � �
� �
� � � � �
� � � �
��
�
�
� � � � � �
� � �
� � � � � �
� ��
�
� � ��� �� � � � � � �
� � �
���
�
� � � �� � � �
� � � � �� � ��
� �� � � �
� � �� � � � �� �
��
� � � � � �
� �
� � �
� �
� � � �� ��� � � �� �
� � �� ��
� � � ��� �
�
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
� � � � �
�� ���
� �
� � � �
� � � ��
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
� �
� � �
�
� � � �
� � � � � � �
� � � � �
� � � �
�
�
� � �
� �� � �� �
��
�
� � �
�
��� ��� � � �
� �
��
� �
�� � � � �
�
� � � �
�
� �
� �
� � � �
�
� �
� �
�
� � �
�� �
� � �� � �� � �� � � �� �
� �
� � �
� � � ����
�
� �
� � �
�
��
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
��
�
� �
�
�
� �
�
�
� �
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� � � �� �
� �
�
� �
�
�� �
� � �
�
� �
� � �� �
�
�� � �� �
� � �
� � � � �
� � � �
� �
� ��
� � �
�
� � � ���
� � � � �� � ��
� �
� �
� �� � �
� �� � � ��
�
�
��
�
�
�
� � �
� � � � � � � � � �
�
� � � � � � �
�
�� � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � ��
� � � � � � �
� � � �� � �
�
�
�
�� � � � �
��
� � � � � �
� �
� � � � �
� �
�
� � � � � � �
�
� �
� � � � � �
� � � � � � �
� � �
� � � �
�
� �
� �
� �� � �
� � �
�
� � � �� �
� �
�� �
� �� � � � � � �
� � �
� � � � � � � �
� �� �
�
� ��
� � �
�� �� � � �
� �
�� � �� �
�
� �
�
� �
� � �
� � � � � �
�
�
�� � � �� �
� �� �
� � � � ��
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � �
� � � ��
� � � �
�� � � �
� � �
� � ��
� � � � � �
�� �
� � � � ��
� � � �� �� �
�
� � � � � � �
�
�� �
�
� �
� �
� � � � �
� ���
� � �
�
�
� � � �
� � � �� � � � �
�
� � �
�
� �
� � � � ��
�
� � ��
���� �
�
� � � � �
� � � � � � �
�
�
�
� � ��
� � �
� � �
�
�� � � � � � � � �
� �� � � � � � � �
��� � � � � �� �potential � � � � �
�
� � ��
� �
��
� � � � � � � � ��
� � �
� � � � ��
� � � � �
� � � � � � ��
�� � � � � ��
� �� �
� � � � � � � �
� � � �
�
� � � �
� � � � �
� � �� � � �
� �
� � � � �
� � � � �
� � �
� � �
�
� � � �
�
� � � ��
�
�� �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
��
� � � � � � � �
�
� �
�
�
� � � � �
� � �� �
� � � �
� � � �
� � �� �
� � � � � � � � � � � �
� �
� � ��
�
� �
� � ��� �
� � � � �� �
� � �
�� � � �
� �
� � � � � �
� �
�
� �
� �
� � � �
�� � � � � �
���� � � � � �
�� ��
� � �
�
� � � � �
�
... � � � � � �
�
� �
� �
� � � ��
� ��
� � �
� �
�
� �
� � ��
�
� � � � �
� � �
�
� �
� � �
� �
�
� �
�
� �
�
�
�
� � � � �
� � �
� � � � � �
�
�
� � �
� �� � � �
� �
�
� � � � �
� � � �
� �� � �
� � � � � �
�
�
�
� � � �
� �� � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � � � � � � �
� �
� � �
�� � � � � � �
� � �
� �
� � �
�
�
� � � � � ����
� � �
� � � �
� � � �
�
� � � �
�
�
� �
� � � � �� � �
�� �� �
�
� �� � ��
�
� � � ��
� � �� � � � �
�� � ���
�� �
��
��
� �� � � � � � � �
� � � � � � �
� � � � � � � � �
� �� � �� �
� �� � �
� � � �
� �
�
����
� � ��� � � �
� � � � � �
�
� � �
�
� � � �
� �
� �
� �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�� � � � � � � � �
� �
�� � �� � �
� � ��
� � �� � � � � � � � � �
� �
� � � � � � � � �
� �
� � �
� �� � � � �
�� � � � � �
�
� �
� � �
� �
� �� � � � � � � � � � �
�� � �
� � � � � �
� �� ���
� � � � � � � � �
� �
� � �
� � �
�
� � � � � �
� � � � �� � � � � � � �� � � � �
� �
� �
�
� � �
�
� ��
� � �
� � � � � � �
� � � �
� � � ��
� �
� � �
� � �
� � �
� �
� �� � � �
� �� � �
� �
�
� � �
�� � � � �� � � � � � ��
�
�
� � � � �
�
�� � �
� �
� �
� � � � � �
� �
� � � � � � � �
�
� � � ����
�
�
� �
� volatile
� � � ��� �
� � � � � discourse �
� � � �
� � � � �
� �
� � � �
� ����
�
�
�
� �� �� �
� � �
� �
�
discourse � � � �
� �
� � ��
� �
� � �� � � � � � � �� � �
� � �
� �
� �
� � �
� �
�
� �
� �� � � � �
� �
� � �
� � � � � � � � �� �
� � � � ��
�
� �
� ��
�� � � phenomenon � �
� � �
� �
� � �
�
� �
� �
�
� � � � � � � �
�
� � �
� � �� �
�
� � � � � � �
� �
�
�
�
� � �
� �
� � � �� �
� � �
�
� �
� � � �
�� �
� � �
� � �
�
� � �
�
� �
� � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
� � � �� � � � ��� �
�
� � �
�
� �
� � � � �
� � �
� � � �
�
� � � � � � �
�
� �
� �
�� � �
�
� �
� � � �� �
� � � � � �
� � � � �
� � �
� � � � � � � � �
�
�
� �
� � �
� � � �
�
� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � �� � � � � � �
� �
�
� �
� �
�
� � � � �� � � � � �
�
� � �
� � � � �� �� �
�
� � � � � � �
�
�
� � � � �
�� � � � � ��
� �� � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �
�
� � �� � � � � � � � �
�
— ��� � � � � � Assasin � � � �
�� � � � � � �
�
�
� � � �� � �
� � �
�
� � � �
�
�
� � �
�
� � �
� �
� � � �
� �
� � � � �
� � �
� �
�
� � � � �
�
� � � � � �
�
�
� � �
� � �
� � �
�� � � �� � � � �
� �
� �
� � � �
� �
� �
�
�
� � �� �
� � � � � � � � � � �
�
� �
� � �� �
� � � �
��� � � � � � � �
� � �
�
� � � �
� � � � � � � � �
� �
� �
�� �
� �
�
� �
�
� � �
� � ��
� � � �
�� �
� � � � � �� �
� ��
� �� �
�
� �
�
� � � � � �
� �
� � � �� � �
�
� �� � � � �
�
� � � � � � �
� ���
�
� � ��
�
� � �
��
�
� � � � �
� �� � �� �� � � �
� � �
�
�
� �
�
� � �� � � � �
� � � �
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�� � � �
�
� � �
� ��
� � �
� �
�� �
� � �
� � � � � � �� � � � � �� � �
�
�
�� �
� � �
� � � �
�
� �
� �
� �� �
� � �
� �� � � � � � �
�
��
� � � �
� �
�
� � � �
�
� � �
�� � �
�
� � ���
�
� � � �
� � �
� � �
� ��� �
� � �
� �
� �
� � �
�
�� � �
�
� �
�
� � � �
� � � � �
�
� � �
� � � �� � �
� �
� � �
� � �
�
�
�
� � �� � �
� � � �
� � � � � � � �
� � � �
� �� � � �
� � � � � � � � � ����
� �
�
�
� � � � �
� �
� � � �
� � � � �
�� � �
� � �
� � �
� � ��
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� � � � �
�
�
����
� � � �
� � � �� � �
� � �
� �
�
� �
� �
� � �
� � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � �
�
� � � �
� � � � � � �
� � � � � � � ��
� � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � �
��
�� � � ��
� �
�
� �
�
� � � �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
� � �
�� �
� � �
�
� � �
(uncode)
�
� � �� �� �
� � � �
�� �
�� �
���
� � �
� �
� �
� � � � � � � � � �
� � �
� �
�
��
� � �
�
�
� �
� �
���� � �
�
� � �� �
� �
� � � �� �� � � � �
�
�
�
� �� � � � � � �
� � � �
�
� �� �
�
� �� � � �
� � � � �
� � � � � � �
� � �
�
� � �� ���
�
�
� � � �
� � � �� � �
� �� � � � � (cosmology) � � �
�
�
� � �
� � � � ��
� � � � � � � �
� �� � �
��
� �� �
�
��
�
��
� � � � � � � � � � �
�
� � � � � � � � � �
� �
� � � � �
� � � �
�
� � �
� � �
� �
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� �
� � �
�
� �
� � �
�� �
� �
� � � �� � � � �
�
� � � � � �
� �
� ��
� � �
� �� � �
�
�
� �
�� �
� � � � � � �� � � � � � �� �
� � � � � �
� � � �
�
� � �
� � � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � �
� �� � �
�
�
� � � � ��� � � �
�
� � � �
� � � � � �
� � � ��� �
� � � � � � � � � � �� � �
� � �
�
� � � � �
�� �
�
�
� � � �
�
� � �
�
� � �� �� �
� �
� � �
�
� �
� � � �
��� � � � � �� �
�
� � �
�
� �
� � �
� � �
�� ��
� � �
� � � � � � � � �
� �� �
� � �
��
� � � � �
paradigm�
�
� � � � � �� � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�
� �� � � �
� � �� � �
�
� � � �� � � � � � � � � �� � �
��
�
� � � �
� � � � �
� �� � � � �
�
�
� �
� �� � � � � � �
�
� � � � � �
� � �
� � �
�
�
� � � �
� �
�
� � � � � �� � � � �
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
�
� �� �
� � � � � ��
� �
� � �� �
�
� � � � �� � ��
�
� �
�
� �
� � � � � � � � � �
�� � � � �
� �
��
� �
� �
� �
� �� ��
� � � �
�
� �
� � � � �
� � � �
�
� � � � � � � �
� �
� � � �
� � � � �
�� �
� �
�
� (antidote) � � � �
�
� � � � �
� � �� �
� � �
�
� �
� � � �� � � �
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
�
�
� � � � � �
�� �� �
� �
� �
� � �
� � � �
� � �
�
� �
� � � �
�
�
� � � � � �
� � �
��� � �
�
� � � �
�� � � � �
� �
�
�
�� � �
�
�
�
�
�
�� �
�
� �
�
� � �� � � � �
� � �
� �� � � � � �
�� � � � � �
� � � �
�
��� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � �
� � � � �� �
�
�
�
� � � � �
� � �
� � �
� � � �
�
� � � � � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
� ��
� ��
�
� � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � �
� � �
� � � � � � � �� � ��
� � � � � �
� � �
�
� � �
� – �
� � � � �
� ��
� � � � �
� �
� � discourse � �
� � �
� �
� �
� � � � �
�
� �
� �� �� � �
�
� � � � � �
�
� � �
� counter productive � � � �
� (discourse) � �� � � �
� � � �
� � strategic love �
� discourse � � �
� � �
�
� � �
� �
� � � �
� �
��
� � � � �
� �
� �� � �
� �
�
� �� �
�
�
� � �
� � � � � ��
� � � � � �
�
� � � � � � � � � �
�� �
�
�
� �
� �
�
�
� �
� �
�
� �
�
�
�� �
�
� � � � �
� �
� � � � � � �
�
� �
� � � �
��
� �
� � �� �
��� � � � � � �
� � �
� �
�
� � � � � � � � � � �
�� ��
� � �
� � � �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� �
� � � � � � �� � � � �
� � �
� � �
�
�
� ��
� � � �
� � �
� � � �� � �
� � � �
� �
� �
�
(paradigm)
�
� � � �
� � � � �
paradigm �
� �
� paradigm �
�
� � �� � � � � � �
� � ��� �
�
� �
� �
�
�
�
�
� �
��
� �� �
� � �
���
� � � �
� � � � ��
� � �
� � � � �
�
���
� � � �
� � ��
�
� � � � � � � � �
�� �� �
� ��
� �
�
� �
� �
� � �
� �
� �
� �
�
� � �
� � �
�� � � � � � �
� � � � � � � �
� � �� � � �� � � � � �� �
� � � � � �
� � � � �
�
� �� � �
� �
� � ��
�
�
�
� �
� � � � �� � � � �� � � ��
�
�
� ��
� �
� �
�
� � ��
�� � � � � �
�
� � �
� �
� � ��
� � ��
�
��
� � �
�� �
�
� � �
�
�
� �� � �
� �� � � � � � � � � �
�� � � � �
� � �
�
� � � ��
�
�� �
� � � � � �� � �
�
� � � �
�
� � � �
�
�
� �� �� � � � �
� � � � �
�
� � � �
� �
� � � � � �
�
� �
� � � � �� �
�
� � � �
� � ��
�
� � � �
� � � � � � � �
� �
� � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � � �
�
�
� �
� discourse � � � � �� � � �
� �
� � � �
� �
�
� � � � � � �
� � � �
� � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � �
�
� �
�� � �
� �
� � �� � �
� � � � � �
�
� � � �
�
� � �
� �
� �
� � � � �
� � �
� � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � �
��
� � �
� �
� � � �
� � �
� � � � �
�
�
�� �
�
� � �� �
�
� � � � � � �
� �
��� �
� � � �
� � �� � � �
� � � �
�
� � � �
� � �
response �
� � � �
� (responses)
�
phenomenon
�
� �
� � � �
� �
� �� � � � �
��
�
�
�� ��
� � � �
� � �
�
� � �
� � �
� � �
�
� � � � � �
�
�
� �
� �
� ��
� �
� � �� � � � (discourse)
�� � � � � � � � � �� � �
� � � � ��� �
� � �
� � � � � � � �
� � � �
�
� � � ��� �
�
�
� �
�
� �
� �
� �
�
��
�� � �� �
� �
�
� � � � � � � �� � � �
� � � � � � � � � � � �
� �
� � �
�
� � �
�
��� � � �
�� � � �� � � � � � �� �
�
� ��
� �
� �
�
� � � � �
� � � � �
�
� �� �
�� �
� �
�
� �
� ��
� ���� ��
� ��� � � � ��
�
� � �
�
� � ��
�� �
� �
� � � � �
� �� � �
�
�
� � � � � � �
�� ���
�
�
� � �� � � � � � � �
�
� �� �
�
�
� � � � � � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � �
� � �
� �
�
� � �� � �
�
� � � �
�� � � � � � �� � � ��� � � � � �
� � �
�
� � � �
� � � � �
� �� � �
� �
�
� �
�� � � � � � � � � �
� �
�
�
� � �
� �
�
�
� ��� � � �
�
�� �� �
�
� � �
� �
� � � �
�� �
� �
� � �
� ��� � � � � �
� � �
� �
� � � � �
� � � � � �
�
� � � � � � � � �
� �
�� �� � �� � � � � � � � �
� � � �� � � �
�
�
�� � � � � �
� � � � ��
� � � � ��
� � � �
� � � � � �
� � � � � � �
�� �
� � � ��� � �
� �
�
� � � �
� �
�
� �
�
�� �
� �
�� �
� �
� � ��
� �
� � � � � � � � � � � �
�
� � � �
�
�� �
� � � � �
���
� � �
�
� � �
� � � � �
�
�
�
� � � �� �
� � �
� � ��� ��
�
� �� �� ��
� � � � �� � �
� � � �
�� �
�
�
�
� � � � �
�� � �� � � �
� �
� � � � � � � �
�
�
� � �
�� � � �
� �
� � � � �
� � �
� �� �
�
�
� � � � � � � � �
�
� � � � � �
� � � � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � � � � � � �
� ��
� �� � � � �
� � �
� � ��� � � � �
� �
� � �� � � �
�
� �
� � � ��
� �� �� � ��
� � � � ���
� �
� �
�
– � –
� � � �
� � � �
� � – �
– �
�
� – � �
�
�
� � �
�
�
�
�
� �
canonize � � � �
�
� � � � �
� � �
� �
� � �
� �
� � �
� � � � �� �
� � ��
� –
� � � �
� � � � �
� � � � �
�
�
� �
� � �
�
�
� ��
� �
� �
� � � �
� �
�
�
� �
�
�
�
� �
�
�� � � � � � �
� � � � � ��� �
�� � � � � �
� � �
� � � � � � �
� � �
� ��
� �
��
� –
�
�
� � �
� � � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � � � � � � � � � � � �
� � � ��
�
� � � � �� �
� � � � � �
��
�
� � �
�� � � �
� � � �
� � � �
��� � �� � � �
�� � �
� � � �
� � �
���
� � � � �
�
� � � � � � � �
� � �
�� � �
� � �
� � � �
� � � � � �
– � � �
� � � � – � � – � �
� � � � ��
� �
� � � � � – ��
� – �
– � � � ���
��
�
�
��� � � � � – � � � � � � � � � �
� � � �
�� � �
� � � � � � � � � –��
� �
�
� �
� �� � � � �
� � ��
�
� �
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
� � �� �
�
� � � � �
��
� � � �
� �
� � ���
� � ��
� � �
�� � � � �
�
� � � � �
� � � �� � � ����� ��
–
� � � � �
�
�
�� � �
�� �
� �
� � �
�� � �
– / � / – � � –– ���
�
– �
� �
– –
� � � �
� � � � �
� �
� � �
�
�
� � –
� � � – �
�
�
� � � � �
� � � W.Ivanow � ��
� File File C:\Users\Rashid\Desktop\____ C:\Users\user\Desktop\ummul _____ kitab.tif (2).bmp not not found.
�
� �
��
� � �
� � �
� � �
�
pacifist �� ��
� � activist � � �
��
�
�� � ��
� � � � � � � � –
� ���� ��� �
�
�
�
� �� � � �
�
� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � �� � �
�
� � � ��
� �
� �
�
� � � � � � �
�� � � ��
� � � �� � � � � �
�
� � � � � � � – � �
� � – � � �
�
�� �
� �
� �
�� � �
� � � � � � �
� � � �
�
� � – � � � –
� � � � � � � �
�� ��
� �
�� � � � �� � � � �
� � � � � � � �
� ��
� �
� � � �
�
� �
� � ���
� � �
� � � � � � �
�
�� �
� �
�� Said Amir Arjomand, The
� � � �
Shadow of God and Hidden Imam, Chicago university Press, 1984, p.141. Abdulaziz A Sachedina, The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam, Oxford,
1998, pp.21-22
� �� �� �
� �
� �� �
� � � �
�
���� ��
� � ��� � – � � � � � ��� � �� –
�
� ��
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
�
�
� � � �� �
� �
� � � � �
� � �
� � �
�� �
� �
�
� �
� � � �
�� � �
�
� �
Morteza Motahari, the Fundamental Problem in the Clerical Establishment, in Linda S. Walbridge (ed), The Most Learned of the Shi'a: the Institution of the Marja' Taqlid,Oxford, 2001, pp. 161–82.
� � � � �
� �
� � �� � � � � � � � � � � � �
� � �
perception
�
�
��
�
� �� –
� �
– � � – – �� � �
� � � �� �
– � – � �
� �
� –
– � � �–
�� �
– �� � –
� � � –�
� �
� � � –
��� �
�
�� � � � � �
� � �
�
�
� � � �
� � �
� � �
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
��� � �
� � �
� � � �
�
� � � �
� � �
� � � � � �
��
� �� � � � �
� � �� � � � �
�� ��
� � � � �
� �� �� � �� � �
� �
� � � �
�
� �
�
� � � � � � �
� �
�
� � �
� � �
� � � � � � � �
�� � �
� � �
� � �
� � �
� � � � � –
� � � � �
� �
� � � � � � � �
� � � � �
� �� � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � –
�
� � –�
� �� �
�
�
�� � �
� �
� � � � � � � � � –
� � � � �
� �� �
�
�� ���
� �
��
� � �
�
� � ���
� �
� � �
�
� � � � � � � �
� � � �� �� � �� �
� � � �
�
� � � �
�
� � � �
� � �
� � � � � �
�
� �
� �� �
� �
� � � �
���
� �� � � � � � � � � � �
� �
� � �
� � � � �� �
� � �
�
�� �� �
� � � � � �� � � �
� �
� � � � �� � � � �
� � � � � � �
––
�
� � � � � � �
�
� ��
� ��
�
�
� � � �
�� �� �
� � � �� � � � � � �
� �
� � � �
� � � �
� � � �
� �
� �
�
� � �
�
� � � �
– �
� � � �
� � �
� ��
� � � �
� � � � � �� �
– �� � � � � � � � �
�
� � � �
�
� � �
� � / � �
�
�
�
� � �
�
� � � �� � ��
� �
��
� �
� � �
� �
�
� / � � � � � �
�
�
� �
�
�
� � � �
� �
Murtaza Mutahhari, Ashura- History and Popular Legend, tr. from the Persian by Ali Quli Qarai, Al-Tawhid, vol. XIII, No. 3 (Fall 1996)
�
��
�
� � �
�
�
�
� �
� �
� �
�
� �
� �
� �� � � � �
�
�
�
� � � � �
�� �� �
�
�
�
...... � � �
� ��
�
� �
� �
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nr7De4Qh9Vs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VonPFCsASXQ&feature=related
� �
� � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � ���
� � �
�
� �
�
�� � �
� � � � � � �
� � � � �
–
� � � �
� � �
� �
� � �
�
�
���
� � � � � � � � � ��
� � � ��� � �
� �
� � � �� � � � �� � �
– � � � – � � �
�
� �
� �
–
� � �
�
� � �
� � � �
� �� � � � � �
� � � � � � � (pacifist) �
� � – � –
–– � � � – � – – � �
� � � � �
�� �
� � � �� � � � � � � �
� �
� � � �� �
�
�
�
�� � � � � � � – – � � – � � � � � � � ��
� ��� � � �� �
�� � �
� � �
�
��
�� � � ���
�
� �
� �
���
�– – � � � � � � � � �� � �
� � � � – � � � � �� � � � �� � � � � �
�� �
�
� �
� �
�
� ��� � � �
� � � � � � �� � � � � � � �
��
� � � �
� � �
� � � � � S.M. Stern, "The Book of the Highest Initiation and other Anti-Isma'ili Travesties", in his Studies in Early Isma'ilism (Jerusalem and Leiden, 1983), pp. 56-83.
� � � �� � � �
� �
� � �� �� ��
� � � � � �
�� � � �
� � �
– � � � � � �� Assasin � � ��� � � �
�
� � � �� �
� � �� � �
�
� �
�
� �
� � �
� �� �� �
�
� � � � � �
� � – � � � � �
� �� �� � �
� � �� � �� �� �
�
�� � � � � � � � �
� � �
� � �
� � �� � � � � � � �� � �
��� � �
�� � � ��
�
� � � �� �� � � � �
– � � � � � � � � � �
��� �
��– –���
–� � �� �
�
���
� �
�
� � � � � �
�
�
��� �
� � � �
� �� � �
� �
��
�� � � � � � �� �
� ��
� �� � � � �
� � � �
� �� � � � � �
� � �
�
� ��� � �� � ��
� � � � �
–��� �
��
� � � � � � � ��
� �
�
�
���
�� � � � � � � � � �
� � �
� ��� � � � �
��
� � � �
� � ��� � �� �
� � ��� � � �
�
� �� � ���
� � � � � �
... � ��� � �� �� �
� � � � � �
�
�
�
� � � � � � � �
�
�
�� � � ��
� �� – � � �
�
�
�
� �
� �
�� � �
� � ��
��
� � � �
� � � �
� � � �
� � � � � �
� � �
� � � �
�
� �� �
�
�
� ��
� �� �
�� � �
� .... � �
� � � �
��� � � �
��� � � � �� � � �
�
� � � � �
��� � � � � � ��
�
�
� � �
� �
� � � � � � � � �
� � � � �
�
�
File C:\Users\user\Desktop\ismaili C:\Users\Rashid\Desktop\ismaili cosmos a.bmp not found. File cosmos a copy copy .bmp not found.
� �
�
�
File cosmos b.bmp not.TIF found. File C:\Users\Rashid\Desktop\ismaili C:\Users\user\Desktop\ismaili cosmos b copy copy not found.
� �
�
� � �
� � � �
�
�
� �
�� � �
� �
� ���� � �
� �
�
�� � � � � � � � �
���� �� �
� �
� � � � � � � � � �
� � �
� � �� � � � � � � � � �
� � � � �� � � � � � �
� � �� �
�
� � � �
�� �
�� � � �� � � � � � � � �� �
�
� � Mustansir bi'llah II,
� �
Pandiyat-i-Jawanmardi trans. lvanow, W. (Leiden, 1953)
� �
� � � � � � � ��
� Al-Nishaburi, Ahmad, Istitar al-Imam wa Tafarruq al-Du'at ed. and trans. Ivanow, W., Ismaili Tradition Concerning the Rise of the Fatimids London, 1942, p.162
� � ��� �
�
� �
Nizam al-Mulk, Abu ali Hasan, The Book of Government or Rules for King, trans. Darte, H., London, 1978, 2nd edn, p. 209.
– – �
� � �
� � �� �
�� – �
�� � �
� �
� �
� � � �
� � � ��
� �
�
�� �
��
�
� �
�
� � � �
�
� � � � � �
� � � Farhad � Daftary, The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrine, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999, pp.445-447; Farhad Daftary, The Isma'ilis in Medieval Societies, London, 2005, pp.184-185
� � � � �
�
�
� � � �� � � �
� � � � �
��–
�–
�
�––
�
� �
� � � � � �� ��
� � � � � �
� �
�
� � � ��
� �� � � �
–� � – – � – – – �
� � � ��
� � � � � � �� � � � � � –
�
� � �
�
�
� � � �
W. Ivanow � ���
� �W. Ivanow W. Ivanow, "Tombs of
� �
some Persian Ismaili Imams" Journal of the Bombay Branch of Royal Asiatic Society, NS 14, 1938, pp. 52–56
� �
� �
� � � �
� �
�� File C:\Users\Rashid\Desktop\nizamuddin.jpg File C:\Users\user\Desktop\nizamuddin copynot found. copy.JPG not found.
��
�
�
� �
� � �
� �
�
�
�� � –
��
� �
� ��� �� � �
�
� � � �
� � – � � � � � �
� � � � � � �
� �
�
� � � �
�� � � �
�
� – � (the radient) ��
larger-than-lifesize-image � � �
�
� � � � � �� �
– � ��
� �
�
� � /
� �
� � � �
�
�
�
�
� � � " "
� � � � � � �
� �
� � � �
� � � � ...
: � � � �� �
� � �
� � �
�
�� �� �
� �
�
� ��
� �
� �
�
� � �� � � �
� �
� �
� � � �
� �
�
� �
�
� �
� �
� � �
�
�
�
�
�
� �
� �
� ��
�� �
�� � � � �
� � �
�
� � �
� � �
�
(Source: http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnTHhX2f0jY&feature=related)
�
� �
� –� – � � �
� � � � �
�� � ���
�
� � �
� –�
� � � – – �� �
� �
� �
�
�
� � �
�
�� � � – �
� � �
� –
� � � �
� � – �
–�
� – �
�
� � �
� �� � –�
� �� � –
�
� ��
� �
�
�
� � � ��
� � �
� � � � �
� �
� �� � � �
�
�
� �� �
�
� �
� �
��
� �
� �
� � � � � � �
� �
� � �
� �� � �
� � ��
� � �
�
�� ��
� � � � � �
� � � �
� �
� �
� � � � � �
� � � � �� � �
� � � � � �
�
�
� � � �
� �
�
� � �
� � � � � � � � �
� �� � � �
�
�
� � �� �
� � �
� � ��� � � � � � � �
� � ��� �
�
�
� � �
H.A.R. Gibb, Modern Trends in Islam, Beirut, 1975, p.12 George Makdisi, "Muslim Institutions of Learning in the Eleventh Century Baghdad", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol. 24, no. 1 (1961), p.30.
��� �
� � � �
� � �
: ��
� � � �
�
� � � � � � � ��
discourse �
� � � �� � ��
�
� � � �� � � � �
� � � – �� –
–
� � �
� � /
�
�
�
�
� �
� � �
Earl Edgar Elder, Columbia University Press, New York, � 1950, p. 9.
� � � � � � �� �
�� � � �
� �
�
��
�
� �
� �
�
�
� � �� ��
� � �
� �
� � �� � ��
�� � � �
�
�
� � �
� ��
� �
� �
� � � � � �
� � � � � �
��
�
�
�
��
�
� � � � � ��
� �
� �
�� �� �
� �
� � � �
� � �
�
� �
� �
� �
�
� �
� � � �
�
� � �
� � � � � � �
� �
��
� � � � � �
� � ��
� � �
�
� � �
� � � � �
� �� � � � � � � �
��
��
� � � � � � �
� � ��� � � � � � � � ����
� �� �
� � �
�
�� �
� � � �� �
� �
� � � � � � �
�� � �� Rs. 80/-
�
� �
Rs. 110/-
�
����
Rs. 110/-
�
��
Rs. 140/-
�
��
Rs. 120/-
�
��
Rs. 200/-
�
�� ���� �� �� � �� �
Rs. 100/-
�
� �
Rs. 80/-
�
���
---------------------------------------Rs. 700/-
�
� �
Rs. 400/-
�
� �� �
www.RashidShaz.com
��������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �����������������������������������������������������