PEG : S11
EC_ SW6 1TR
GHILIC-MICU | MINEIKYTE
BACKGROUND mapping
GENERIC / HEROIC OFFICE / CONDO lifestyle ECONOMIC FLUCTUATION Short Term Faux - ability Long Term
fashion
SOCIAL FLEXIBILITY shelf-life of a tower LANGUAGE + PERFORMANCE FROM EU TO EU 100 years full circle
Tour P Edifici Torre Galfa Casa Torre Torre Pirelli
GENERIC 1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
195
1940
195
from E.U.
1880 Equitable Life
HEROIC
1890 Auditorium Buidling New York World Building Manhattan Life Insurance Park Row
1900
1910 Singer Building Met Life Tower Woolworth Building
1920 Chicago Temple Pittsfield Palmolive Civic Opera
1930 NY Life 40 Wall St Chrysler Empire State
500 5th ave 1 Wall St Waldorf Astoria American Int.
Perret io Espana Breda Building Presei Velasca Rimini Tower
50
50
Empress State B Shell Centre CIS Tower Millbank Tower Portland House El Barco City Tower Europa Center
Telecom Italia Tour Initiale Aviva Tower Langer Eugen Domus Vista Park Inn Berlin Tour Les Poisson Euston Tower
1960
Athens Tower Jen-Tower Tour Franklin AfE-Turm Tourn Neptune Dorint Hotel Tour France Tour Super-Italie Alpha Tower Tour Opus 12
Hotel Concorde Tour Defense Tour Olympe Tour Manhattan Barbican Estate Torres Colon Astro Tower WTC 1+2 Oxford Cathedral Essen City Hall
1970
Banco de Bilbao Messe-Torhaus Tour Athena Torre Europa Torre Levante Tour Descartes Grande Arche Tour Sequoia Tour Michelet Tower 115
1980
Costa Blanca 1 Torre Francesco Torre Saverio Tour Europlaza RWE - Turn FIM Tower Japa-Center Puerta de Europa Beni Beach Fortis Bank
1990
Andromeda Tower Cracovia BC Castalia Tour Cedre Millenium Plaza Eurotheum Mischek Tower 33 CANADA Square ABN Amro Bahn Tower
Vienna Twin Tower Florido Tower Babka Tower Torre de Francia Playa Azul Galileo Altus Skyscraper Madou Plaza Tower Europa Tower Highlight Towers
2000
King’s Reach Tower Bridgewater Place Dexia Tower Hilton Valencia Hesperia Tower Porthos Swissotel Tallinn Ontario Tower Sky Plaza St Pauls Tower
2011
to E.U.
1960 Marina City I+II Lake Point Tower John Hancock Chase Tower
1970 Chase MetLife One Liberty Plaza Olympic Tower Citigroup Center One Astor Plaza
1980 101 Park Avenue Trump Tower Sony Tower City Spire Center Central Park Pl.
1990
2000 Burj al Arab Shangri-La Hotel Murjan Tower Mesk Tower Chelsea Tower Al Seef Tower
Minsheng Bank Grand Gateway One Island East Cullinan Towers One Luijazui Int. Commerce
2011 Marina Heights Park Place Sama Tower Sidra Tower Rolex Tower Latifa Tower
Jin Mao Tower Int. Finance Cen. Nina Tower Shanghai WFC China WTC The Masterpiece
The Center Wuhan WTT SEG Plaza Plaza 66 Hong Kong NWT Bocom FT
OFFICE
it’s about selling. selling a lifestyle.
CONDO
or inventing a surogate lifestyle. just as long as the return is immediate. and they buy.
Economical Fluctuation Short Term
Architecture is a slow art in a fast world. Unfortunately the act of building, through its complex physicality will never be able to increase in speed comparatively with ďŹ nance, real estate and stock markets. Many buildings are doomed to come into being already obsolete, or in the midst of an unfavorable context. Such buildings, through their conceptual and programmatic rigidity might remain empty, decay or not even see completion. Flexibility of program thus is essential to factor into architectural design.
data retrieved from the Dow Jones website
United States
France
China
Germany
Countries involved _ speculation China France Germany United States
panic
anticipation Project phases
Anxiety Chart Inexible Building
Anxiety Chart Flexible Building
design
procurement
excavation
erection
ďŹ nishing
Economical Fluctuation (faux-ibility) Short Term _ Staying ahead of the curve
Some markets try to dodge the inherent uctuations in the world context by abnormally increasing the speed of construction and degree of prefabrication. This method, although seemingly successful in short term could lead to catastrophic occurrences later, as well as deliver a building of doubtful quality with unpredictable maintenance issues.
Avoiding The Curve _ BlitzKrieg Construction
East Asian market stands proof to some of the most commendable speed records as well as utterly discreditable failures.
Traditional Time-Frame BlitzKrieg Time-Frame
Construction Time
Construction Quality
Traditional Time-Frame BlitzKrieg Time-Frame Construction Time-Frame / Quality Chart Shoddy Construction
15 Storeys
6 days
inated towerability
Economical Fluctuation Long Term
They are omnipresent. The real estate market has flourished by selling them. Condominiums are in some countries a critical solution to the housing and population density problem, while in other countries an inevitable attempt of increasing social buoyancy in financial districts as well as offer unprecedented views granted to the domestic space. The last factor, beyond a question of novelty and mirage brings along important questions of demographics and actual life cycle of condo ownership. The global gentrification issue is adding more unknowns to the equation. Through their inability to support anything but residences, condominiums might go through extreme "occupation recessions", or turn into ghost-towers.
Toronto _ Waterfronto Condo Boom
what is the rate of gentrification?
Toronto _ Residential Neighborhood
5 years
15 years
30 years
25 years
30 years
35 years
Condo - House - Condo the 30 year lifecycle
Social Flexibility desolate urb-scapes Vertical Totalitarism
Trellick Tower _ London
Squatters Tower _ Mumbay
Pichacao _ Brazil
Mass Housing _ Johannesburg
culture of congestion tower as producer of inďŹ nite virgin sites
Vertical Eclecticism Social Mixing leads to more dynamic communities. Most of the examples shown on the opposite leaf are framing homogeneous but insular communities. The anonymous repetitiveness of the program leads to a social alienation which in turn renders the individuals both incapable and unwilling to interfere with the social environment surrounding them. Trellick Tower is a classical example of vertical slum, fostering crime and drug abuse. "Too much of the same" leads to a confusing non-differentiation, a perfect background for propagating misdemeanors. At the opposite end stands the theory behind Delirious New York, and the living proof of the daily life in such city, showing how variety in program leads to increased social buoyancy, therefore longer and more intense spans of activity. Such context becomes safe by virtue of the constant inter-human contact.
NY Athletic Club
NYC_Times Square
InďŹ nite Virgin Sites
Language + Performance The Costly Art of Extreme Make-Over
Materials change
Fashion Changes
How do buildings change?
1970’s _ Expression through articulation
2010’s _ Expression through sleekness
A.J. Celebrezze Building Cleveland OH
$121M
Built: 1966 Re-clad: 2011 Shelf life: 45 years.
First Canadian Place Toronto, ON Built: 1975 Re-clad: 2010 Shelf life: 35 years.
$100M +
From E.U to E.U. A boomerang tangential history of the tower
GO WEST
1922 _ Berlin
1958 _ New York UTOPIA
PRAGMATISM
Icon for the boundless opportunities made possible by industrial progress.
Icon for production.
The apparent lack of strict material bounds led to the possibility of de-materializing almost everything. From a house, to a tower.
Communication through transparency. Legible internal space. The outside observers can perceive the activities happening inside the building. Fetishizing the shift from factory work to shirt and tie work.
GO EU
GO EAST 2000’s - UAE
2000’s - PRC SCHIZOPHRENIA
COMMONALITY
Icon for financial power.
Icon for population density.
Anything is possible. Form follows exuberance. Sky is no longer the limit.
Faceless and placeless, East-Asian towers are perfect containers for high density dwellings. Ambiguous formal language. The shell borrows Western tower motifs. The interior is efficient to the maximum.
MORPHOLOGY ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN PLAN MORPHOLOGY TOWER FLEXIBILITY TALL SLAB SPIELRAUM DIFFUSE CORE plan structure natural light air ventilation
ARCHITECTURE RESPIRANTE ON NETWORKS and ENERGY osmotic building
PLAN MORPHOLOGY NON-HIERARCHICAL PLAN ORGANISATION
FLAT DEMOCRATIC
CORE AREA 28 SQ M
CORE AREA 28 SQ M
FLAT DIRECTED
31.50
CORE AREA 40 SQ M
FULLY FLAT
31.50
FLAT COMBINED
HIERARCHICAL PLAN ORGANISATION
OFFICE ORGAN CENTER CORE CENTRAL
ORGAN COCKPITS CORE CENTRAL
RESIDENTIAL TILING 4 UNITS CORE CENTRAL
RESIDENTIAL TILING 6 UNITS CORE CENTRAL
8.00
31.50 25.00
13.60 10.00
SHARED / INTEGRATED
DECENTRALIZED CORE
CORE METAMORPHOSIS
DIFFUSED / FLEXIBLE
PLAN MORPHOLOGY MASSING ON SITE
M 1:750
25
M
5M
31. 40
M
625 SQ M FLOORPLATE I RESIDENTIAL, TRANSPARENT 1000 SQ M FLOORPLATE I OFFICE, DEEP 1400 SQ M FLOORPLATE I MAX THE SITE CAN ACCOMODATE
POSITIONING ON SITE
M 1:750
1000 SQ M FLOORPLATE TESTED FOR DIFFERENT ANGLES ON SITE
CONVERT!
(01) - TALL SLAB
(02) - SPIELRAUM
(03) - DIFFUSED CORE
(01) TALL SLAB
TENANTS OFFICE BUILDING
OWNER-USE OFFICE BUILDING
PROJECTS BUILT AFTER 2003
2.52
2.565
2.70
TECHNICAL INFILL - WATER CIRCULATION THROUGH SLABS - INDIVIDUAL ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
2700 MM
3800
2700 MM
RAPID ERECTION OF ADDITIONAL HORIZONTAL PARTITIONS
INTERIOR RAMPS
MM
MEGA SLAB (PROPOSAL FOR OFFICE USE)
4.50
4800 MM
SUNKEN SPACES
CONVERT! FROM OFFICE TO RESIDENTIAL (2 * 2.7m) AND BACK
5.40
4000 MM
INBUILT INTERIOR SPACES
(02) SPIELRAUM 30
8
31
8
OFFICE 30M * 30M
25
6
25
8
RESIDENTIAL 25M * 25M
02 - 2.5 AREA BREAK
- (1) CIRCULATION - (2) EROSION - (3) EXPANSION OF THE CORE - (4) INTEGRATION OF THE DECENTRALIZED SHAFTS
(1) CIRCULATION
(3) EXPANSION OF THE CORE
(1) CIRCULATION
(1) CIRCULATION
(2) EROSION
(03) DIFFUSED CORE
(03-1) - FLEXIBLE PLAN LAYOUT (03-2) - STRUCTURE - THE SLAB (03-3) - STRUCTURE - CLUSTERED COLUMNS (03-4) - NATURAL LIGHTNING SYSTEM (03-5) - AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
(03) DIFFUSED CORE 03.1 - FLEXIBILITY: MARKET
Countries involved _ speculation China France Germany United States
anticipation
Project phases
design
panic procurement
excavation
erection
finishing
Anxiety Chart Inflexible Building
Anxiety Chart Flexible Building
Considering the flexibility of the building and its continuous actuality for the real estate building the project looks into this particular phase of a development. Multiple strategies are presented to ensure a ‘soft flexibility’ and allow the building inertia to adapt itself to differing market speeds.
panic Project phases Anxiety Chart Inflexible Building
Anxiety Chart Flexible Building
erection
FLEXIBILITY: PLAN OBJECT
D = 10M
A CORE IS AN OBJECT IS A CORE
MAX DIST (NATURAL LIGHT)
A CORE IS DIFFUSED IS A SYSTEM IS A VOID
D = 10M MAX DIST (NATURAL LIGHT)
VOID
D = 10M NEW MAX DIST (NATURAL LIGHT)
(03) DIFFUSED CORE 03.1 - PLAN FLEXIBILITY
(1) CENTRAL CORE 6M * 8M PERIMETER 31.5M * 31.5M
(2) POROUS CORE 6M * 8M PERIMETER 31.5M * 31.5M
(3) DISTRIBUTED COLUMN CLUSTERS 6M * 8M PERIMETER 31.5M * 31.5M
(4) OPTIMIZATION OF FLOORSLAB DIFFUSED CORE, VOID SPACE 15M * 15M PERIMETER 40M * 40M
(03) DIFFUSED CORE 03.2 - STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
Honeycomb structures are natural or man-made structures that have the geometry of a honeycomb to allow the minimization of the amount of used material to reach minimal weight and minimal material cost. The geometry of honeycomb structures can vary widely but the common feature of all such structures is an array of hollow cells separated by thin vertical walls. The cells are often columnar and hexagonal in shape. A honeycomb shaped structure provides a material with minimal density and relative high out-of-plane compression properties and out-of-plane shear properties.*
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeycomb_structure
03.1 - STRUCTURAL SYSTEM STRUCTURAL SYSTEM - FLAT SLAB | STEEL SANDWICH PANEL UP TO 50Mx50M SPAN 400 MM STEEL HONEYCOMB 70 MM LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
(2) LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE 70 MM
(2) LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE 70 MM
(1) STEEL HONEYCOMB 400 MM
BUT HOW MUCH DOES YOUR BUILDING WEIGH, MR. FOSTER?
(03) DIFFUSED CORE 03.3 - STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
(1) EQUIDISTANT COMPONENTS - TRACE LOAD TRANSFER IN THE FACADE (2) CLUSTERED COLUMNS - IN COMBINATION WITH LATTICE BEAM MAKE THE LARGE SPANS POSSIBLE AND ECONOMICALLY REASONABLE - PROVIDE FREE VERTICAL SHAFT SPACE
03.3 - CLUSTERED COLUMNS BRACING FOR SHEARED BENDING LOADS STEEL PIPE 40M 15M 2.5M
5M
2.5M
5M
(1) EQUIDISTANT COMPONENTS
(2) CLUSTERED COLUMNS
(1) EQUIDISTANT COMPONENTS
(1) EQUIDISTANT COMPONENTS
(03) DIFFUSED CORE 03.4 - NATURAL LIGHTNING SYSTEM
(1) LIGHT INTAKE ON THE ROOFTOP (2) LIGHT TRANSMITTING DOWNWARDS BY THE OPTICAL REFLECTION SHEET (LIGHT EXTRACTION) (3) LIGHT DIFFUSION INTO EACH FLOOR BY MEANS OF PRISMS AND LENSES (LIGHT OUTLET) (4) MIXING THE COLORS OF NATURAL ARTIFICIAL LIGHT TO ADJUST THE BRIGHTNESS
03.4 - NATURAL LIGHTNING SYSTEM
40M 15M
(1) LIGHT INTAKE
(2) LIGHT TRANSMISSION
OPTICAL REFLECTION SHEET
(2) LIGHT TRANSMISSION
(3) LIGHT DIFUSSION
(2) LIGHT TRANSMISSION
OPTICAL REFLECTION SHEET
(2) LIGHT TRANSMISSION
(3) LIGHT DIFUSSION
(03) DIFFUSED CORE 03.4 - NATURAL LIGHTNING SYSTEM
(1) LIGHT INTAKE ON THE ROOFTOP (2) LIGHT TRANSMITTING DOWNWARDS BY THE OPTICAL REFLECTION SHEET (LIGHT EXTRACTION) (3) LIGHT DIFFUSION INTO EACH FLOOR BY MEANS OF PRISMS AND LENSES (LIGHT OUTLET) (4) MIXING THE COLORS OF NATURAL ARTIFICIAL LIGHT TO ADJUST THE BRIGHTNESS
03.4 - NATURAL LIGHTNING SYSTEM
OPTICAL REFLECTION SHEET
(1) LIGHT INTAKE
(2) LIGHT TRANSMISSION
(2) LIGHT TRANSMISSION (3) LIGHT DIFUSSION
(3) LIGHT DIFUSSION
(03) DIFFUSED CORE 03.4 - NATURAL LIGHTNING SYSTEM
(03) INVERTED CORE 03.4 - AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
A living filter can accelerate room pollutants through the active infrastructure system of a plant to continuously clean and oxygenate the interior spaces. The efficiency of formaldehyde removal from the air relative to plants alone can be improves by 360%. Even more important, the rate of gas removal could reach a speed of over 1000% of teh plants alone. That is,a similar system dramatically accelerates the efficiency of air cleaning relative to plants alone. This system could employ both active plant filtration, along with water and soil to provide a multistage system that cleanses air from harmful toxins. It naturally purifies air by drawing it with a whisper-quiet fan to propel it through the leaves and root system of a plant, then out through water and soil filtration and back into the room environment. Since the late 1980s scientists have sought to improve the efficiency of living plants to naturally clean the air of harmful pollutants. The system continuously draws polluted air from the environment and passes it across living surfaces that absorb and metabolize gaseous pollutants. The biochemical transformation of waste, through the plant’s natural metabolic activity, eliminates the pollution beyond simply collecting it on filter surfaces.
(03) DIFFUSED CORE 03.5 - AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
(1) VERTICAL AIR FLOWING IS GENTLY DISCHARGED INTO THE FLOOR SPACES VIA AIR-INLET DUCT (2) DOUBLE SKIN ON THE SOUTH: SUMMER GENERATE ASCENDING AIR CURRENT TO COOL WALL SURFACE REDUCTION OF FORCED AIR CONDITIONING WINTER DEPLOY AS HIGHLY INDULATING LAYER REDUCTION OF HEATING CONSUMPTION
03.5 - AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
40M 15M
(2) DOUBLE SKIN
(1)VERTICAL AIR FLOWING
WINTER SUMMER
(1) AIR-INLET DUCT
(1) AIR-INLET DUCT
(2) DOUBLE SKIN WINTER SUMMER
(1) AIR-INLET DUCT
(2) DOUBLE SKIN WINTER SUMMER
(1) AIR-INLET DUCT
D’ARCHITECTURE RESPIRANTE
Apartment PLANT Andrea original design, suitable in scale to the air intake for an apartment unit / residential room.
Office Space HEDGE Andrea adapted design to a larger open space such as office or multi-unit open plan residential quarters.
TREE Andrea exaggerated at the scale of a young tree, suitable for large scale texture and multi-storey open atriums.
Atrium _ Mezzanines
TO - day
TO - morrow
Resolution of Green
ďŹ ne _ PLANT
medium _ HEDGE
coarse _ TREE
A BUILDING IS NOT A TREE
ON NETWORKS and ENERGY Osmotic Building
The image opposite is provided by Otto in support of his argument that human spontaneous networks of urbanity follow similar patterns to ones formed in nature through the structures of leaves, insect colonies or soap bubbles. The attractive part of this argument has to do with an energy analysis. Since none of these networks mentioned is formally planned, their form is the outcome of an evolutionary process favouring systems with a minimal energy path or more accurately an energetic equilibrium. In criticism of some of these interpretations, as well as his own earlier assumptions, Christopher Alexander's article from 1965, "A city is not a tree", claims that the tree (or centralized, hierarchical) structure is simplistic
Porous Envelope
Tree Distribution
Occupying and connecting Frei Otto
Network Types Paul Baran
METHOD OPTIMIZATION grasshopper
EVOLUTIONARY
galapagos
EVALUATION enviro-analysis
OPTIMIZATION Grasshopper
Defining Top Shape _ Triangle
Defining Bottom Shape _ NURB curve
Lofting Options
Loft Curves
Divide Volume in oors
EVOLUTIONARY Galapagos
EVALUATION Grasshopper Sun Script