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HELENA FRANCIS ROYAL COLLEGE OF ART AD2 2020/21
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The proposal is a more-than-human vision
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system
“poses
a
challenge
to
the
traditional tenets of the self-focused, capital- and fossil-fueled masculinist, who is supposedly in control of his own vision and (world)view”, opening onto a future
that
is
never
fully
reduced
to
the single output signal or the optimised target.
Joanna Zylinska, Nonhuman Photography (London: The MIT Press, 2017) 2
that
01 LOGISTICAL SYSTEM: MACHINE VISION
02 RESISTANCE: BEYOND THE HUMAN |
RESEARCH
00 BRIEF + INTRODUCTION
04 EXPERIMENTS
05 PROCESS
PORTFOLIO
CONTENTS
03 SITE SPECIFIC DESIGN
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SELF-COMPUTING SPACE
06 ARCHIVE
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the
the
ferocious
of
modernity
in
a
tense
architecture
of
regulating flows in our world system. Out of
patterns of life and dictate architectural
the circulations triggered by transatlantic
development
slavery, global capitalism coalesced into
cartographic systems that inscribe bodies
being. Cartography enabled the projection
and the earth with extractive logics whilst
onto
foreclosing other ways of being.
of
territories transit,
capital
of
Held
infrastructures, the flows that feed daily
new
imposition
arrived
thresholds
seamless
BRIEF
advent
of
and
the the
crystallised
desire
for
continue
to
depend
on
imagination
into
logistical
ADS2
explores
the
world-making
infrastructures. A line between land and
possibilities of cartography. Delving into
sea was drawn; bodies born to be free were
the unpredictable realm of the demonic,
racialised as unfree labour; and nature
the studio examines the tension that lies
coerced
between spaces of indeterminacy and the
to
the
will
of
capital
through
infrastructure.
logistical systems that traverse them.
As matter and geography were made to conform
By deconstructing the infrastructures and
to
technologies
by
circulations capital,
determinacy
the
mapped
and
projected
violence
of
logistical
extended
well
beyond
the
systems,
of
ADS2
logistical
confronts
the
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With
cartographic geo-racial-
sexual violence of the worlds they imagine.
shoreline. The unknowable and unpredictable spaces of indeterminate life – what Sylvia
The
Winter described as the ‘demonic’ – endured
knowledges stemming from embodied experiences
the
of black life, non-linear conceptions of
coercive
impositions
of
measure,
control, and logistical calculation.
studio
time,
explores
more-than-human
other
cartographic
perspectives,
and
indigenous subjectivities as the foundation for design interventions.
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Logistical system: Machine vision
Site of indeterminacy: Algorithmic forest
Research questions: The brief calls firstly for a deconstruction
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of the logistical system of machine vision. Questioning by
how
space
more-than-human
is
acts
reconfigured
of
algorithmic
architectures?
Secondly,
there
is
an
identification
of
indigenous and more-than-human conceptions of space that act as forms of resistance. How can algorithms be trained by organic and
esoteric
systems,
to
intervene
process
of
extractivism,
technological
in
control, and governance?
Finally,
the
design
of
a
site-specific
intervention of a more-than-human vision system. How can data and algorithmic vision be
represented
(embodied,
as
partial,
situated and
knowledges
accountable)
in
order to develop alternative ways of seeing
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and knowing space?
reminds
us,
adding
that
they
do
not
discriminate against those to whom their In this posthuman intervention, the more-
breath is given.
than-human ontologies of the plant and the work
together,
counterpurposing
The following presentation explores this
the machine vision system to project the
more-than-human
lifeworld
series
of
the
world’s
most
polluted
forest.
of
performative
system
through
a
representations.
The research, a site specific infrastructure strategy,
INTRODUCTION
vision
plant
to
machine
experiments,
In its most basic terms, a system to record
and the generative perceptual overlay of
and livestream the photosynthetic rate of
the data collected from the plants.
the plants.
What
can
human
humans
vision?
learn
How
can
from
more-than-
this
more-than-
human vision formulate not only different ways
of
seeing,
but
different
ways
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machine
of
being. Instead of extractivist practices, exploiting and mining everything that can be deemed a resource. Plants are in constant interaction with the environment. Seeing, thinking
and
being
is
not
an
internal,
“self” privatised process, but a sensing, a constant openness and interaction with its
environment,
full
of
conversations,
discussions and agreements with it. The nature of plants is in our past, Marder
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[ DEC ONST RUCT ING M AC H INE VIS ION ]
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LO G I S T I C A L SYS T E M
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The project spatialises the invisible realm of algorithmic architectures. The data sphere is commonly seen to be non-physical and therefore distinct from the field of the spatial practitioner; however, the project recognises and
and shapes bodies through more-than-human performative acts.
The intended social or political instrumentality of the design
proposal
is
to
recognise
that
we
are
in
the
midst of a data revolution, but this revolution not only
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represents data as an architecture that forms, organises
articulates the proliferation of data as the driving force of our lives but the role it has in catalysing a dramatic and wide reaching change in the way individuals and communities are organised and made visible.
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Algorithmic or machine vision is concerned
all
with
materially and discursively produced from
the
automatic
extraction,
analysis
and understanding of information from every
visual
extracted
input
from
our
imaginable. physical
bodies
beyond
them.
Data
are
both
the multiplicity of forces that include
Data
is
human and more-than-human ontologies.
environment
using the full range of the electromagnetic
It is through the concept of a lifeworld
spectrum.
that algorithmic architectures reconfigure relations and space. Every organism gives
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Machine
vision
systems
are
formed
of
a
nexus of sensors from pieces of code to
stimuli.
Therefore,
networks of satellites feeding corporate
situated
knowledge,
and government actors, also known as the
that can be recognised and detected by a
informatics
project
system through an accumulation of signals.
shows an awareness of the reductive nature
The co-individuation of the epistemic and
of the system and, crucially, its ability
the
to
of
reify
of
domination.
certain
regimes
The
of
power
and
ontological the
world
a
life world,
contains
binds
to
all
certain
knowledge
or
a
things
features
apparatus
in
knowledge production by operating through
a partial and limited way. What matters
an aesthetics and ideology of objectivity
in
and distance.
between
Digital and
ecologies
algorithmic
of
machine
intelligence
vision mediate
a
system
is
not
receivers,
but
receivers
themselves
a
mesh,
specific
the
lens
communication
the that
and
senders
and
individuate
filter
through
which the continuity of the world passes.
preexisting notions of social imbalances.
This
Assemblages of data are not inert productions
through our technologies through what can
but rather lively intraacting ontologies
be described as the Cave architecture.
that are in relation and connection with
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birth to a lifeworld through its spatial
lifeworld
is
projected
back
to
us
With
which—from the point of view of the life
speak of generations of vision and even
world—has no existence whatsoever. In the
of visual heredity from one generation to
context
of
the next. The advent of the logistics of
machine
vision
the
existing systems,
deployment this
of
paralyses
topographical
perception
and
its
memory,
renewed
could
vectors
delocalizing
beyond Western extractivist and humancentric
contrary, ushered in a eugenics of sight,
subjectivity.
this
a pre-emptive abortion of the diversity
gaze, other ways of knowing, of seeing, of
of mental images, of the swarm of image-
being, do not exist.
beings doomed to remain unborn, no longer
the
lifeworld
of
optics,
to see the light of day anywhere.
– Paul Virilio, The Vision Machine
on
for
generation of different forms of realities
In
geometrical
one
the
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SUMMARY
A contrast space or blind spot, also exists,
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has been utilised throughout the history
Images (Your Pictures Are Looking at You)’
of
with
colonialism, and male supremacy to distance
the
statement
“our
eyes
are
fleshy
science,
knowing
in
militarism,
subject
from
capitalism,
things, and for most of human history our
the
everybody
visual culture has also been made of fleshy
everything in the interests of unfettered
things.” Indeed, the research begins with
power. The instruments of visualisation in
the architecture of the eye.
multinationalist,
postmodernist
and
culture
have compounded meanings of disembodiment. Notions of vision have dominated Western philosophical
accounts
of
how
knowledge
As
Trevor
Paglen
describes:
“machine
is created since Plato’s allegory of the
vision systems are extraordinary intimate
Cave.
extractive
instruments of power that operate through an
system that uses algorithmic architectures
aesthetics and ideology of objectivity, but
in its role to efficiently quantify bodies
the categories they employ are designed to
in
reify the forms of power that those systems
Machine
fixed
space
vision
and
is
time,
an
to
be
used
in
future predictions and simulations.
are set up to serve.” Matteo Pasquinelli
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IN THE CONTEXT OF VISION
Trevor Paglen begins his essay ‘Invisible
states, machine vision is “the distorted, Machine
learning
approaches
are
new eye of the capital’s Master.”
characterised by an aspiration to map the knowable world, a full quantification of visual and recognition regimes of reality. From cosmological models for the universe to the world of human emotions as interpreted through the tiniest muscle movements in the
human
object
of
face,
everything
quantification.
becomes This
an
vision
Trevor Paglan, Invisible Images (Your Pictures Are Looking at You) (2016) <https:// thenewinquiry.com/invisible-images-your-pictures-are-looking-at-you/> Matteo Pasquinelli, Abnormal Encephalization in the Age of Machine Learning, E-flux Journal 75 (2016)
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BCE.
systems
two
of
thought
around
vision
and
Practices critical
include
the
principles:
discovery
camera
of
obscura
knowledge basis since antiquity. We now
image projection and the observation that
understand vision as a systemic response
some
to reflection of light and photons of our
exposure to light. And then now one modern
environment. In 1604, Kepler, offered the
development / addition to these principles
first theory of the retinal image: ”therefore
is the interfacial image or the ‘image that
vision
does something’ such as augumented reality.
occurs
through
a
picture
of
the
substances
are
visibly
altered
by
visible things on the white, concave surface of the retina.” Envisioning the eye a camera
Materiality:
obscura -- an apt image in an era obsessed
include: the camera obscura and how light
with
can transform space; Stan Brackarges’s Moth
the
science
of
perspective.
The
Film;
defined
Examples
Light
suggests how much new theories of sight
in
placed greater emphasis on the fusion of
understand vision as a systemic response
anatomy and geometry in studying the eye
to light and photons, then photosynthesis
and sight in the formation of knowledges.
as a chemical response to light is a form
Bratten
film;
light.
image of sight from Descartes’ Dioptrics,
plants,
camera
as
photosynthesis
suggests
that
if
we
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IN THE CONTEXT OF VISION
Systems of Thought: The research explores
of non human vision, but vision without Practices: Multi-point perspective allowed
representation, like computer vision.
us to see perception outside of perception and the subsequent application of that in design. The history of photography (or the history
of
human
understanding
of
representation vision)
also
of
began
our in
antiquity, recorded in Chinese writings by Mozi, dated to the 4th century
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Using
Deleuze
assemblages
and
to
Guattari’s
rethink
the
theory
of
ontology
of
data as not an inert entity but rather a lively and vibrant conception of digital data. Data are not just produced from a constellation
of
apparatuses,
they
act,
enact, and intraact with other assemblages, they perform.
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The algorithm is the repetition of data with alterity.
This is understood in the context of Ezekial Dixon-Roman’s
concept
of
‘racialised
data assemblage’ where he describes that “assemblages of data, function in relation to other assemblages. They are not inert productions
but
rather
lively
intra-
acting ontologies that are in relation and connection with all bodies beyond them. Data are both materially and discursively produced from the multiplicity of forces that
include
ontologies.”
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human
and
more-than-human
Digital
machine
learning
created. To take the position that human life
intelligence
mediate
and phenomenon can be represented by data
preexisting notions of social imbalances.
amplifies what Donna Haraway calls a common
Race, gender, class, sexuality, location
move of the technological sciences and this
become organising principles in our data
move interprets the world as a problem of
culture.
coding. Differences in our communities are
algorithmic
of
cemented through “disassembly, reassembly, As Ramon Amaro describes: “data reinforces
investment and exchange” which she describes
beliefs that contemporary life, individual
as “the informatics of domination”.
and community behaviour can be reduced to one giant mathematical problem. What we are
These algorithms normalise values and modes
faced with is a tension between the desire
of behaviour but circumvent and paralyses
to classify and optimise social phenomenon
generation of different types of realities.
and the reproduction of existing forms of
Algorithms
racism and other violences.” Data, which
experiences into algorithmic averages that
is commonly viewed as a raw material to
are then compiled into classification, which
be
are
experimented
upon
and
analysed,
is
representative of the flesh itself.
then
are
designed
compiled
into
to
reduce
human
predictions
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RACIALISED ASSEMBLAGE
and
ecologies
and
projections about future behaviour. Amaro questions “what does that leave to the person
Computer vision algorithms are effective
who is an outlier to the mathematics, that
at abstracting the world into categories
person of difference, that person of colour
measures and other representational forms
of different sexuality or discriminatory
using numbers, characters, symbols, images,
gender?”
sounds,
electromagnetic
waves
and
bits
that constitute the building blocks from which information and knowledge are
A. Weheliye, Habeas Viscus: Racializing assemblages, biopolitics, and Black feminist theories of the human (Durham, NC, Duke University Press: 2014) Ezekiel Dixon-Román, ‘Algo-Ritmo: MoreThan-Human Performative Acts and the Racializing Assemblages of Algorithmic Architectures’, Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies, 16(5) (2016), 482–490
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Algorithmic or machine vision is concerned
and limited way. What matters in a system
with
analysis
is not the communication between receivers,
and understanding of information from every
but the senders and receivers themselves.
visual input imaginable. Data is extracted
In the genesis of the perceptual apparatus
from our physical environment by sensors
is the genesis of a specific lifeworld .
the
automatic
extraction,
using the full range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Each machine vision system individuates a
Data is then filtered through a series of
the continuity of the world passes. This
filters,
lifeworld is projected back to us through
meshes
and
lenses
that
creates
what can be described as a ‘lifeworld’.
our
technologies
through
what
can
be
described as the Cave architecture. It is through the creation of lifeworlds that algorithmic architectures reconfigure relations gives
birth
spatial as and
and
an
to
space. a
stimuli,
lifeworld it’s
accumulation
outputs.
Every
of
world
organism
through
understood
signals,
Therefore,
a
its
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N E W E X T R A CT I V I S M
specific mesh, lens and filter through which
inputs
life world,
also described by Haraway as a situated knowledge, contains all the things that can
be
recognised
and
detected
by
a
system. Within cybernetic apparatus, the co-individuation of the epistemic and the ontological binds certain features of the world to knowledge apparatus in a partial
Adrian Lahoud, Error Correction. Chilean Cybernetics and Chicago’s Economists. In: Matteo Pasquinelli (Hg.): Alleys of Your Mind. Augmented Intelligence and Its Traumas. Lüneburg: meson press (2015) Vladen Joler, New Extractivism (2020)
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EXTRACTION OF NATURE, DATA
Vladen Joler, New Extractivism (2020)
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A AND LABOUR
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N E W E X T R A CT I V I S M
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CAPITALISM IN THE WEB OF LIFE
Vladen Joler, New Extractivism (2020)
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LIDAR = LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING 35
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N E W E X T R A CT I V I S M
PIXEL
SURVELLANCE CAMERA
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SATELLITE
CELL TOWER 36
RADIO TELESCOPE
SENSORS
The planetary scale surveillant assemblage
electromagnetic spectrum: from gamma rays
is
and x-rays, through infrared and visible
one
of
behind
critical
new
Thousands actors
the
extractivism
of
are
infrastructures
corporate
and
independent
of
practices.
light, to micro and radio waves. They can be
government
invisible like a Facebook pixel or massive
each
other,
like a 500m wide radio telescope.
the
invisible
network
of
data
dealers,
public and not public partnerships, those pieces of information are in a constant flow
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N E W E X T R A CT I V I S M
collecting information about us. Through
forming one functional entity. Surveillant assemblage
can
be
seen
as
a
rhizomatic
structure described by Deleuze and Guattari.
At
the
roots,
end the
of
each
of
the
rhizome’s
tentacles
of
the
planetary
surveillance many
sensors.
rhizome,
there
These
capture
are
one
agents
or can
take many forms and sizes. From the tiny pieces of code, crawlers that wander the web collecting information about each web page, over the sensors catching heartbeats and
surveillance
cameras
capturing
our
faces, to the complex network of satellites orbiting Earth and locating devices. They can see reality through a full range of the
Vladen Joler, New Extractivism (2020)
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SCALE
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N E W E X T R A CT I V I S M
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MESHES, LENSES, FILTERS
“Instruments of measurement and perception always come with inbuilt aberrations. In the same way that the lenses of microscopes and telescopes are never perfectly curvilinear and smooth, these logical lenses embody
learning and algorithms and register their impact on society is to study the degree by which social data are diffracted and distorted by these lenses.” The shape of the algorithmic lenses is carefully crafted to project the image that is in accordance with the platform’s interest and political goals and values.
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N E W E X T R A CT I V I S M
faults and biases. To understand machine
Aside from instruments of digital truth and order embodied in their algorithms and neural
networks,
platforms
often
imply
direct rules and regulations. They have direct
power
of
regulation
of
what
can
be seen or said, what kind of content can and cannot exist in their universe. Here these rules and regulations are visually represented as filters and meshes. Vladen Joler, New Extractivism (2020)
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CAVE ARCHITECTURE
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PROJECTION OF THE WORLD
LENS
FILTER
MESH
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PROJECTION OF THE WORLD
Instruments of measurement and perception are
defining
hierarchies
and
relations
between content, users and meaning. They define
the
digital
regime
of
truth
and
order. This regime is a prism through which
constant stream of spectacles on the walls of the caves. RESEARCH JOURNAL
N E W E X T R A CT I V I S M
the world is projected in the form of the
Vladen Joler, New Extractivism (2020)
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CAVE ARCHITECTURE
Plato
describes
a
group
of
people
who
spend their entire life chained to cave walls
looking
people real
are
at
a
blank
watching
objects
projected
the on
wall.
These
shadows this
of
wall,
story, the script and directing of this performance of shadows are entrusted to human-algorithmic machines that regulate, filter, censor and moderate the projected content on the walls of the cave. The existing elements and content that exist outside this cave and horizon of events create of
an
shadows.
information Or,
what
flow, Guy
a
theatre
Debord
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N E W E X T R A CT I V I S M
giving them names and meanings. In our
will
describe as: “an immense accumulation of spectacles consisting of images, sounds, text,
emotions
and
meanings.
All
that
once was directly lived has become a mere representation”.
Vladen Joler, New Extractivism (2020)
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[ BEYOND THE HUMAN | SELF COMPUTING SPACE ]
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R E S I S TA N C E
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To intervene in this system the project embarks of
on
a
re-writing
algorithmic
algorithms
the
architectures.
as
a
innovation
of
recent,
history
Some
see
technological
implementing
intelligible to itself. A search engine.
abstract
Embracing the idea that the machine world acts
as
world,
an
extension
capable on
of
its
of
healing usage
the or
and
organic poisoning
mathematics. On the contrary, algorithms
depending
users.
The
are among the most ancient and material
project questions how can algorithms be
practices, predating many human tools and
trained by organic and esoteric systems,
modern machines.
to intervene in technological process of
Algorithmic computing
architectures
not
that
organisms
and
technologies
bottom-up structures. The research locates
cyborg innovation, but that the species
these at a cellular scale and a spiritual
is
scale.
systems
its ancient automated landscapes, forever
actors.
entangled with systems of value.
considered
in
of
is
are only now merging as part of some new
Molecules
capable
selfcomplex
are
spaces
are
biological
self-computing
the
result
of
its
co-evolution
with
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SUMMARY
extractivism, control, and governance? It
Similarly cultural rituals are identified as expressions of algorithmic thought from
Plant
knowing
the ancient Vedic ritual of Agnicayana,
A
the Zarija astrological device, and the
vision is photosynthesis. Vision without
Yoruba Ifa divination system.
representation. A process of data. Sensing
systemic
is
a
response
sensual to
light.
growth. Plant
not seeing. There are algorithms embedded in culture. There are algorithms embedded in nature. Algorithms process
of
are the
quite world
simply trying
an to
ongoing become
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SUMMARY
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S E L F - C O M P U T I N G S PA C E
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architectures
exist
in
of the Yoruba people of East Africa and
indigenous culture and the organic world.
the medieval Arab astrologers Zā’irja.
The French mathematician Jean-Luc Chabert
Alan Turing’s last essay, “The Chemical
has noted that “algorithms have been around
Basis of Morphogenesis” also belongs to the
since the beginning of time and existed
tradition
well before a special word had been coined
Turing considered molecules in biological
to describe them. Algorithms are simply
systems as self-computing actors capable of
a set of step by step instructions, to
explaining complex bottom-up structures,
be carried out quite mechanically, so as
such as tentacle patterns in hydra, whorl
to
arrangement
achieve
some
may
some see
desired
algorithms
technological
innovation
result.” as
a
Today
recent,
implementing
embryos,
of
self-computing
in
plants,
dappling
in
structures.
gastrulation
animal
skin,
in and
phyllotaxis in flowers.
abstract mathematical principles. On the contrary, algorithms are among the most ancient and material practices, predating
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S E L F - C O M P U T I N G S PA C E
Algorithmic
many human tools and all modern machines.
The ancient Vedic Agnicayana ritual transmits techniques
of
geometric
approximation
and incremental growth <in other words, algorithmic techniques> comparable to the modern calculus.
Algorithmic
thought
is
also
found
in
divination systems such as the Ifa system
Matteo Pasquinelli, Three Thousand Years of Algorithmic Rituals: The Emergence of AI from the Computation of Space, E-flux Journal 101 (2019) Alan Turing,
The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis
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“Diseases,
or
climates,
or
plants
make
history as much as any empire”.
Capitalism in the Web of Life is about how the mosaic of relations that we call capitalism work through nature.
resource; it is us. As Moore tells us, we
It is a proposal of a post-cartesian world.
must live history as if nature matters.”
Cyborgs, assemblages, networks, hybrids, have
Charting
recurrent
a
way
forward
to
as
limits so much environmentalism. It is not
socio-ecological process over the past six
that organisms and technologies are only
centuries, Jason Moore provides a theory
now merging as part of some new cyborg
and
innovation, but that the species is the
historical
development
of
account that
and
as
resist the nature/society distinction that
expansions
crises,
offered
long
cyclical
the
been
capitalism
of
capitalism’s
comprehends
the
result of its co-evolution with its ancient
transformation of nature as constitutive
automated
of capital accumulation.
with systems of value. Distributed vision
or Drawing and
on
environmentalist,
Marxist
groundbreaking
thought, new
Moore
synthesis:
feminist, offers
landscapes,
distributed
forever
sensing
was
entangled
already
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C A P I TA L I S M I N T H E W E B O F L I F E
“Nature is not a foundation, container, or
embodied in the world before we arrived.
a
capitalism
as a “world-ecology” of wealth, power, and nature.
Moore expands the Marxian theory of value to
more
explicitly
incorporate
the
role
of non-human natures in the creation of value.
Jason Moore, Capitalism in the Web of Life (2015)
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The divide between the digital and the real
identity. Russell reveals the many ways
world no longer exists: we are connected
that the glitch performs and transforms:
all the time. What must we do to work out
how
who we are, and where we belong? How do we
encrypts, mobilises and survives.
it
refuses,
throws
shade,
ghosts,
find the space to grow, unite and confront the
systems
of
oppression?
This
conflict
can be found in the fissures between the
considered a mistake, a faulty overlaying, a bug in the system; in contrast, we can find
liberation
here.
Glitch
feminism
RESEARCH JOURNAL
TO G L I TC H A SYS T E M
body and identity. Too often, the glitch is
argues that we need to embrace the glitch as a cultural phenomenon with the capacity for
contextualising
providing bodies It
information,
relationship
and
also
spaces
to
the
connected
encompasses
and
material together.
representation,
interpretation or reflection on social and cultural
phenomenon
and
the
technology
that is malfunctioning (Menkman, 2011). It shows its potential as an alternative way of repurposing machine vision softwares.
Glitch in
Feminism
is
cyberfeminism,
relationship
a
one
between
vital that
new
chapter
explores
technology
the and
Legacy Russell, Glitch Feminism: A Manifesto (2020)
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“Feminist objectivity means quite simply
everybody and everything in the interests
situated knowledges.“
of unfettered power”. The “god trick” is about
“Vision
requires
instruments
of
vision;
enacting
nowhere”.
“a
This
conquering
gaze
while
is
gaze
claimed
materializing
from
to
be
what
it
an optics is a politics of positioning.
immaterial
Instruments of vision mediate standpoints“.
embraces (particularly how bodies matter:
“We
seek
not
the
by
bodies are deprived of meaning, and how
vision.
bodies (and meanings) materialise), it is
We seek those ruled by partial sight and
claimed to have the capacity to see, but is
limited
its
itself unseen, “to represent while escaping
of
representation”. This gaze also erases the
openings
semiotic-material conditions that enable
phallogocentrism
voice
-
own
sake
but,
the
connections
knowledges
and
disembodied
not
partiality
rather, and
ruled
for
the
unexpected
for sake
situated knowledges make possible.”
vision (for example technologies of vision and how they were developed).
The notion of situated knowledges is further developed by Donna Haraway via a metaphor
The vision (as a metaphor) that Haraway
of vision. Notions of vision, viewpoints,
proposes
eyes,
accountable/answerable for what one sees
and
seeing
have
dominated
many
philosophical accounts of how knowledge is
is
embodied,
partial,
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S I T U AT E D K N O W L E D G E S
which bodies have which meanings, which
and
and how one organises what one sees.
created. Haraway does not abandon vision as
a
metaphor
processes,
of
choosing
knowledge instead
production to
revisit
it. She describes how performing “the god trick” is enabled by “a perverse capacity […] to distance the knowing subject from
Donna Haraway, ‘Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective.’ Feminist Studies, vol. 14, no. 3, 1988
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Experimental
–
ayahuasca,
plants can see when you’re standing next
animism and healing’ describes how plants
to them, and the colour of your shirt.
come
to
They don’t have eyes, but they have the
are
same photoreceptor proteins all over their
sentient beings, impart wisdom, have agency
bodies that humans have at the back of the
and intention. Various forms of care are
retina. Plants don’t have brains, but they
extended
translate
decolonial
with
indigenous
to
perspectives
their
worlds.
on
According
epistemologies,
plants.
They
plants
form
part
of
science
has
information
confirmed
into
that
electrical-
kinship structures, and their genealogies
chemical signals in their cells identical
may be entan gled with those of the humans
to the ones used by human neurons.
who domesticate and propagate them. If logic is defined by rigidity, then then Sanabria
reflects
on
the
importance
of
decolonizing our understandings of healing
the essence of plant thinking is sensual growth.
and of what (or who) plants are and do. Marder cites the concept of Western economic Indeed,
science
discovering
growth, an example of limited thinking,
that which indigenous cultures have always
the essence of which is solely to increase
known.
there
value by exploiting and mining everything
has been a revolution in vegetal biology.
that can be deemed a resource or commodity.
Plants perceive light, smell, touch, water
Plants, in turn, are in constant interaction
and many more variables than we do. They
with the environment, they feel and test
can
communicate.
the limits of the surrounding environment
They exhibit the traits we associate with
and are able to respond to them. Slowing
personhood.
down
Over
learn,
the
is
only
past
remember,
now
two
and
decades
their
growth
when
conditions
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INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES: ANIMISM
Emilia Sanabria in her work ‘Speaking Plants
are
Emilia Sanabria, Speaking Plants – decolonial perspectives on ayahuasca, animism and healing (2019)
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unfavourable or when reproduction has to
philosophical
begin.
enough, the absolute familiarity of plants coincides for
internal,
plants,
thinking
isolated,
is
not
the
incapacity
of
sheer
humans
strangeness, to
recognize
“self”
elements of ourselves in the form of a
privatized process, as it has been accepted,
vegetal being, and, hence, the uncanny—
at least since Descartes, but a constant
strangely familiar—nature of our relation
openness and interaction with the external
to them.”
environment,
subjective
an
their
Curiously
full
of
conversations,
discussions and agreements with it. It goes
The nature of plants is in our anamnesis,
hand in hand with the idea of thinking as
Marder reminds us, adding that they do not
the ability to interpret knowledge received
discriminate against those to whom their
from the environment.
breath is given.
In
contrast,
(biologists
highly
note
environmental respond)
are
at
sensitive least
factors still
20
to
plants
different
which
considered
to
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INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES: ANIMISM
Thus,
with
discourses.
they be
so
extremely different and at the same time such
a
mundane
life
form
that
they
are
seldom even covered by the philosophically binding category of “other”.
“We take plants for granted, so that our practical lack of attention appropriately matches
their
marginalization
within Michael
Marder, Plant-thinking: A Philosophy of Vegetal Life (2013)
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Here the project draws parallels between
fuel the organism’s metabolic activities.
machine and plant vision. When vision is
Through
defined as a systemic response to light and
forest operates as a generative algorithm.
the
photosynthetic
process,
the
photons or a vision without representation. We understand vision as a reaction to light and photons, therefore photosynthesis is a form of plant vision. But unlike the human, who sees through an image on our retina,
It is vision as a process of data, like the machine. A sensing more than a seeing.
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PLANT VISION
this is a vision without representation.
The way plants respond to light is how the forest sees and knows reality. It is its lifeworld.
Nature is an algorithmic simulation in its own right. It merely operates at a different time scale and a different conception of space to the human.
We understand leaves as a sensory organ or a filmic media registering shifts light intensity
and
colour
ranges
beyond
the
human. The plant cells then convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can be released to Benjamin Bratton, Remarks on the Hole of Representation in Computer ‘Vision’ (2017)
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PLANT VISION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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+
H2O +
CO2
PLANT VISION 1. LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS PROCESS OF LIGHT ENERGY
SUGAR
+
O2
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PLANT VISION
LIGHT ENERGY
VISION EXTENDING TO OTHER ACTORS 2. CALVIN CYCLE PROCESS OF CO2
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Light or vision determines how the forest
response to these light processes. At the
acts in space and time. For plants, solar
most basic level, the electrical signalling
energy is the basis of functioning. Just
is similar and serves as the most universal
as the human lifeworld is dependent on our
system for intracellular, intercellular,
senses of sight, touch, smell, and taste.
organ-to-organ
The plants lifeworld or ‘vision’ process
communication.
and
organism-to-organism
is defined by the processing of light into Using network of mycorrhizal fungi, plants
PLANT VISION
can Light
dependant
reactions
allows
plants
collectively
manage
absorbed
energy
and resources, help each other to survive,
to optimise their use of space. They see
and
in red and blue light. Photoperiodism is
community. The forest is a community where
the
this
ability
to
use
red
light
to
track
regulate
vision
homeostasis
is
of
distributed
the
plant
creating
a
time. Plants can tell the time of day and
sustaining ecology that extends to other
time of year by sensing and using various
actors, through their breathe. Therefore,
wavelengths of red light. Phototropism is
the
a directional response that allows plants
Avatar
to grow towards, or even away from, blue
science fiction, particularly when it comes
light.
to plant neurobiology.
To
increase
chances
of
survival
world
presented
movie
in
seems
James
closer
to
Cameron’s
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electrical signals and movement.
reality
and
proliferation, organisms at each level of organisation need to communicate internal and external factors to adjust energy status in
fluctuating
plants
generate
environment. electrical
Therefore, signals
in
Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda, Maria Lewandowska and Stanisław Karpiński, Electrical Signaling, Photosynthesis and Systemic Acquired Acclimation, Frontiers in Physiology Plant Sensory Systems and Responses https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ b o u n d l e s s - b i o l o g y /ch a p t e r /p l a n t sensory-systems-and-responses/
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Light and photosynthetic pigments https://www.khanacademy.org /science/biology/photosynthesis-in-plants/ the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis/a/light-and-photosynthetic-pigments
-
+
INCREASING ENERGY
EXCITED STATE ABSORPTION OF PHOTON BUMPS ELECTRON TO A HIGH-ENERGY ORBITAL
PHOTON
PHOTON
GROUND STATE
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+
ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF PIGMENTS
-
absorption of light
PLANT VISION
PIGMENT MOLECULE
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
wavelength (nm)
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[ INFRAST RUCT URE ]
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SITE SPECIFIC DESIGN
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The
following
site
the light dependent reactions of plants
specific design of how this system could
go on to influence the network of other
work. In northern Siberia lies the worlds
actors within the forest, the forest also
most
extends
polluted
presentation
forest.
is
The
a
forest
is
to
us,
to
influence
us
thorough
shrinking due to rampant air pollution,
our technologies. More-than-human vision
both from neighbouring ore mines and the
systems
influx of the worlds pollutions travelling
relations and power structures. Where the
north,
code
that
is
blocking
sunlight
and
slowing the growth of boreal forests.
are
of
the
processes
entangled
machine
of
to
and
nature
reconfigure
the
biological
dwell
together,
In
this
forest
infrastructure
of
lies sensors
a
machinic that
works
reduced to the single output signal, to the optimised target.
through plant vision to translate itself into a perceptual overlay that is live
Plant vision understood as photosynthesis
streamed on the internet.
has
2
stages.
The
first
is
a
non-
representational process of data to fuel Using network of mycorrhizal fungi, plants
the
collectively manage absorbed energy and
that
resources. The forest is a community where
sensors act as an extension of this. The
this vision is distributed, creating a
second is that visions ability to influence
sustaining ecology that extends to other
other
actors, through their breathe.
photosynthetic process does. This lies in
organisms is
metabolic
plant
beings
vision
beyond
activities.
for
the
plants.
plant,
as
RESEARCH JOURNAL
SUMMARY
opening onto a future that is never fully
So The
the
the perceptual overlay that reenters the This way of knowing and perceiving space
logistical human-machine vision system.
reenters the logistical machine vision system
through
the
internet.
Just
as
83
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RESEARCH
RESEARCH
Logistical system:
Resistance:
Machine vision
More-than-human knowledges
RE-ENTERS THE LOG
84
INTERVENTION DESIGN
Counter-purposing of machine
Perceptual overlay of
vision infrastructure to
plant vision
enable plant vision INFORMED BY Specific site and environmental parameters
Plant-machine experiments
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DESIGN
GISTICAL SYSTEM
85
86
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87
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EXISTING, BEING: WHOLE SELF-REFERENCE OBJECT
PLANE OF TOTALITY IMAGE
(REFERENCIAL DRIFT) SELF-CREATION (AUTOGENESIS)
LOGICAL NETWORKS: RELATIONS PLANE OF INFORMATION
ALGORITHMIC BY NATURE
SELF-REGULATION + HOMEOSTASIS/MORPHOGENESIS
IN
OUT
(INFORMATION OR NEGENTROPIC DRIFT) SELF-PRODUCTION (AUTOPOIESIS)
PHYSICAL STRUCTURES: OBJECTS P PLANE OF ENERGY MATERIAL EXCHANGE
R
MORPHOGENISIS (SELF-ORGANISATION)
FLOW OF TIME = ENTROPIC DRIFT = GLOBAL TREND TOWARDS THE PROBABLE = INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DISSIPATION
ONTOLOGICAL RELATION
INTERACTIVE RELATION
CONCEPTUAL NODE
P
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PHYSICAL IMPACT OF ACTIONS OF MAN
R
RESPONSES FROM THE ENVIRONMENT
The
but also a vector of information.
understood as a collection or gathering
The automated forest is defined as a
of things or people, a machine or object
physical
in
made of pieces fitted together, or a work
its own right. Inspired by algorithms
of art made by grouping together found
in nature, the simulation is an agent-
or unrelated objects. This project is
based,
complex
precisely that: one big assemblage of
system. Self-organising systems gain
different concepts and ideas, assembled
autonomy as they are controlled from
into one semi-coherent picture or let
within
us say a map, a world view.
algorithmic
self-evolving
the
organism
simulation
and
and
respond
to
word
“assemblage”
is
usually
their ever-changing diversity. I will lean on Deleuze and Guattari’s (1980/1987) theory of assemblages to rethink the ontology of data as not an inert entity but rather a lively and
vibrant
conception
of
digital
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F O R E S T A S A S I M U L AT I O N
Light is not only the source of growth
data. Data are not just produced from a constellation of apparatuses, they act, enact, and intra-act with other assemblages.
89
LEAF that catches
LIGHT
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that photosynthesises
C E LL that processes
E L E CT R I C A L S I G N A L that communicates
B R E AT H E that sustains
E C O SYST E M is influenced
90
SENSOR that records
LIGHT
A LG O R I T H M that processes
E L E CT R I C A L S I G N A L that projects
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S U P P LY C H A I N
that reflects
IMAGE that fluctuates
HUMAN is influenced
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SHRINKING ARCTIC FORESTS LINKED TO LEGACY OF RUSSIA’S MOST POLLUTED CITY
Rampant air pollution in northern Siberia is blocking sunlight and slowing the growth of boreal forests.
The
largest
study
of
tree
rings
in
ALGORITHMIC BY NATURE
Norilsk, Russia’s most polluted city and the northernmost city in the world, has found air pollution from local mines and smelters are at least partly to blame for a phenomenon known as ‘Arctic dimming’.
Similar
to
‘global
dimming’,
this
more
regional effect occurs when tiny particulates – from air pollution, volcanic eruptions, and dust – gather in the atmosphere, where they
partially
absorb
or
scatter
solar
energy, messing with light availability, evaporation, and hydrology on the ground.
Long-term
observations
and
satellite
measurements have shown the amount of solar radiation
reaching
the
Arctic’s
surface
has decreased since the mid-century.
92
After nearly a century of heavy, unregulated
intense and frequent wildfires are wiping
mining,
out huge swathes of Siberia on an annual
tree
die-off
near
Norilsk
has
spread up to 100 kilometres, but this is
basis,
contributing
one of the first studies to connect that
air pollution.
to
further
regional
shrinking forest with reduced sunlight. While some global warming models suggest Unfortunately,
because
of
large-scale
growth
will
increase
with
climate
circulation patterns, pollutants accumulate
change, the research highlights that air
in the Arctic atmosphere, and this means
pollution may outweigh this, meaning trees
ecosystems
in the Arctic north will grow slower and
north
may
be
especially
weaker than before.
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up
vulnerable to global pollution as a whole.
SITE
tree
“The scale of the damage shows just how vulnerable and sensitive the boreal forest is.”
“Given the ecological importance of this biome, the pollution levels across the highnorthern latitudes could have an enormous impact on the entire global carbon cycle.”
Nor is pollution the only threat to these precious ecosystems, sometimes described as ‘lungs’ for our planet. Climate change looks
as
though
it’s
also
altering
the
diversity of boreal forests, while more
Shrinking Arctic Forests Linked to Legacy of Russia’s Most Polluted City https://www.sciencealert.com/tree-ringstudy-finds-air-pollution-is-so-bad-its-dimming-the-sun-and-slowing-treegrowth
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RESEARCH JOURNAL NO MAN’S LAND: THE ARCTIC AS SEEN BY A LIDAR SCANNER, https://strelkamag.com/en/article/ arctic-fieldtrip (2017)
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SE N SOR
S EN S
S EN SO R
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S ENS O R
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SO R
SENSOR
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BIRD BOX
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CONNECTION TO GRID
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SO PA
OLAR ANEL
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VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA
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FROM THE PLANT’S PERSPECTIVE
CANOPY LAYER
35M
TREE SPE
BIRD SPE
MIDSTORY LAYER
15M
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INSECT S
ANIMAL S
SHRUB LAYER
1M
PLANT SP
GRID OF S
GROUND LAYER
0M
MYCELIU
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ECIES SIBERIAN LARCH DAHURIAN LARCH SIBERIAN PINE SCOTS PINE SIBERIAN SPRUCE SIBERIAN FIR BIRCH POPLAR
SPECIES BLACK DARTER PEACOCK BUTTERFLY PEARL-BORDERED FRITILLARY WOOD ANT
SPECIES
PECIES
SENSORS
LIGONBERRY FIREWEED BILBERRY SIBERIAN DWARF PINE LICHEN SPHAGNUM MOSS LEATHERLEAF MARSH LABRATOR TEA
SIBERIAN TIGER AMUR LEOPARD EAST SIBERIAN BROWN BEAR WILD BOAR EURASIAN WOLF MOOSE WILD REINDEER ELK SIBERIAN CHIPMUNK LYNX SIBERIAN WEASEL RED FOX
GOLDEN EAGLE PEREGRINE FALCON OSPREY HAZEL GROUSE SIBERIAN GROUSE BLACK GROUSE WESTERN CAPERCAILLIE BLACK-BILLED CAPERCAILLIE WILLOW PTARMIGAN ROCK PTARMIGAN BLACK STORK HOODED CRANE CARRION CROW SIBERIAN BLUE AND RUFOUS-TAILED ROBINS THRUSH NIGHTINGALE PALLAS’S ROSEFINCH PACIFIC SWIFT COMMON GOLDENEYE SMEW KING EIDER SPECTACLED EIDER BAIKAL TEAL
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UM STRUCTURES
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LARIX SIBIRICA
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PINUS SIBIRICA
LARIX GMELINII
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RHODODENDRON TOMENTOSUM
CHAMAEDAPHNE CALYCULATA
LICHEN
137
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VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM
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VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA
CHAMAENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM
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ACTOR
LIFESPAN
HEIGHT
LIFE CYCLE
SIBERIAN LARCH - LARIX SIBIRICA
700 YEARS
20–50 M
DECIDOUS
DAHURIAN LARCH - LARIX GMELINII
700 YEARS
10–30 M
DECIDOUS
SIBERIAN PINE - PINUS SIBIRICA
300-1000YRS
30–40 M
EVERGREEN
SCOTS PINE - PINUS SYLVESTRIS
500-700YRS
-35M
EVERGREEN
SIBERIAN SPRUCE - PICEA OBOVATA
500-700YRS
15–35 M
EVERGREEN
SIBERIAN FIR - ABIES SIBIRICA
200-500YRS
30–35 M
EVERGREEN
LINGONBERRY - VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA
150YRS
10 TO 40 CM
EVERGREEN
FIREWEED - CHAMAENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM
1-3YRS
0.5–2.5 M
PERENNIAL
BILBERRY -VACCINIUM ULIGINOSUM
150YRS
10–75 CM
EVERGREEN
SIBERIAN DWARF PINE - PINUS PUMILA
300-1000YRS
1–3 M
EVERGREEN
LICHEN (REINDEER MOSS)
500-5000YRS
1CM
EVERGREEN
SPHAGNUM - MOSS
500-5000YRS
2-10 CM
EVERGREEN
LEATHERLEAF - CHAMAEDAPHNE CALYCULATA
150YRS
1.5 M
EVERGREEN
MARSH LABRADOR TEA - RHODODENDRON TOMENTOSUM
150YRS
50 CM
EVERGREEN
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL
EVERGREEN
JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY
PERENNIAL
JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER
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JANUARY
NOVEMBER DECEMBER
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
DECIDUOUS
D E T E R M I N I N G L I G H T FA C TO R S
MAY
JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
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[ P E RC E P T UAL OVE RL AY ]
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EXPERIMENTS
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order
to
the
point cloud data set from a lidar scan of
perceptual overlay of forest vision, I set
the forest. A series of scripts are then
up a series of experiments between sensor
applied to it using the input data from
and plant. These sensors record light, in
the experiments so that it can fluctuate
its
with light quality and pollution levels.
different
durations,
SUMMARY
and
inform
the
the
colours,
electrical
movement
or
design
of
intensities
response growth
and
signals,
of
specific
The
light
colour
and
intensity
are
plants from the Siberian ecology to inform
determined by scale and position of the
an understanding of each plant in time and
plant within the forest.
space.
The movement direction of the points is based
Light dependant reactions allows plants to
on
the
suns
position
in
the
sky
relative to the specific plant.
optimise their use of space. They can tell the time of day and time of year by sensing
The speed and sound is based the electrical
and
signals representing the quality of their
using
various
wavelengths
of
red
light. They use blue wavelengths to inform
photosynthetic
their directionality, growth and movement.
industrial
The plants generate electrical signals in
neighbouring mines. It’s is elongated or
response
The
shortened based on the real time of the
electrical signalling serves as the most
specific plant. For example, lichen which
universal system for communication.
lives for 5000 years would operate very
to
these
light
processes.
rate.
metal
The
patch
sound
uses
because
of
an
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In
the
differently to a perennial that lives only The
experiment
representation
output of
the
data
informs
perceptual
the
1.
space.
A unity space is used as a design tool where, the perceptual overlay exists as a
147
1 LIGHT COLOUR ADJUSTMENT TO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL OUTPUT IN: A)PINUS SIBIRICA, B)VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA, C)CHAMAENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM, D)PINUS PUMILA, E)LICHEN, F) SPHAGNUM, G)CHAMAEDAPHNE CALYCULATA, H) ALGORITHMIC BY NATURE
RHODODENDRON TOMENTOSUM.
2 LIGHT INTENSITY CHANGE TO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL OUTPUT IN: A)PINUS SIBIRICA, B)VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA, C)CHAMAENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM, D)PINUS PUMILA, E)LICHEN, F) SPHAGNUM, G)CHAMAEDAPHNE CALYCULATA, H) RHODODENDRON TOMENTOSUM.
3 LIGHT TO MOVEMENT OUTPUT IN: A)VIGNA RADIATA, B)RHODODENDRON TOMENTOSUM.
148
OUTPUT
VISUAL
PHYSICAL
+
AUDIO
LIGHT
MOVEMENT
+
ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
(PHOTOTROPISM)
COLOUR
(ELECTROCHEMISTRY)
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E X P E R I M E N TAT I O N
INPUT
INTENSITY DURATION
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[ L I FE SPAN - 500 YR, TAIGA , PART SUN, CAMERA PATH FO LLOW I NG P HOTOT RO P I S M ]
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PLANT VISION - SIBERIAN PINE
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11AM
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F U LL S H A D E - LO W P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
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PA R T S H A D E - I N C R E A S I N G P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
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F U LL S U N - H I G H P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
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185
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PA R T S H A D E - M I D P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
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3PM
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[ L I FE SPAN - 1Y R, TUNDRA , FULL SUN, CAMERA PATH FO LLOWI NG P HOTOT RO P I S M ]
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PLANT VISION - FIREWEED
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JUNE 01
7AM
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H I G H P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
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LO W P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
7PM
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[ L I FE SPAN - 5 0 0 0 YR, TREE TRUNK , PART SHADE , CA M E RA PAT H STAT I C ]
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PLANT VISION - LICHEN
201
SEPTEMBER 01
9AM
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H I G H P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
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LO W P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
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N OT E : T H I S I S W H AT W E W O U L D S E E I F P O LLU T I O N L E V E LS C O N T I N U E TO I N C R E A S E
7PM
207
208
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OUTPUT
/* APDS9960 - Light Intensity and Color Sensor This example reads Light Intensity and Color data from the on-board APDS9960 sensor of the Nano 33 BLE Sense and prints the color RGB (red, green, blue) values to the Serial Monitor once a second. The circuit: - Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense This example code is in the public domain. */
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#include <Arduino_APDS9960.h> void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); while (!Serial);
}
if (!APDS.begin()) { Serial.println(“Error initializing APDS9960 sensor.”); }
void loop() { // check if a color reading is available while (! APDS.colorAvailable()) { delay(5); } int r, g, b; // read the color APDS.readColor(r, g, b); // print the values Serial.print(“r = “); Serial.println(r); Serial.print(“g = “); Serial.println(g); Serial.print(“b = “); Serial.println(b); Serial.println();
}
212
// wait a bit before reading again delay(1000);
r = 82 g = 50 b = 67 r = 115 g = 66 b = 66 r = 19 g = 12 b = 24
OUTPUT
r = 25 g = 15 b = 12 r = 25 g = 15 b = 13 r = 18 g = 11 b = 10 r = 82 g = 50 b = 67
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r = 18 g = 12 b = 10
r = 115 g = 66 b = 66 r = 19 g = 12 b = 24 r = 18 g = 12 b = 10 r = 25 g = 15 b = 12
213
*
APDS9960 - Movement Sensor
This example reads movement data from the on-board APDS9960 sensor of the Nano 33 BLE Sense and prints any detected gestures to the Serial Monitor. Gesture directions are as follows: - UP: from USB connector towards antenna - DOWN: from antenna towards USB connector - LEFT: from analog pins side towards digital pins side - RIGHT: from digital pins side towards analog pins side
ALGORITHMIC BY NATURE
The circuit: - Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense This example code is in the public domain. */ #include <Arduino_APDS9960.h> void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); while (!Serial); if (!APDS.begin()) { Serial.println(“Error initializing APDS9960 sensor!”); } // for setGestureSensitivity(..) a value between 1 and 100 is required. // Higher values makes the gesture recognition more sensible but less accurate // (a wrong gesture may be detected). Lower values makes the gesture recognition // more accurate but less sensible (some gestures may be missed). // Default is 80 //APDS.setGestureSensitivity(80); Serial.println(“Detecting gestures ...”); } void loop() { if (APDS.gestureAvailable()) { // a gesture was detected, read and print to serial monitor int gesture = APDS.readGesture(); switch (gesture) { case GESTURE_UP:
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RIGHT gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture UP gesture DOWN gesture RIGHT gesture LEFT gesture UP gesture LEFT gesture RIGHT gesture LEFT gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture LEFT gesture RIGHT gesture LEFT gesture LEFT gesture RIGHT gesture LEFT gesture RIGHT gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture UP gesture DOWN gesture RIGHT gesture LEFT gesture UP gesture LEFT gesture RIGHT gesture LEFT gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture DOWN gesture UP gesture LEFT gesture RIGHT gesture LEFT gesture LEFT gesture
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OUTPUT
Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected Detected
215
/* ReadAnalogVoltage Reads an analog input on pin 0, converts it to voltage, and prints the result to the Serial Monitor. Graphical representation is available using Serial Plotter (Tools > Serial Plotter menu). Attach the center pin of a potentiometer to pin A0, and the outside pins to +5V and ground. This example code is in the public domain.
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https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples/ReadAnalogVoltage */
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// the setup routine runs once when you press reset: void setup() { // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second: Serial.begin(9600); } // the loop routine runs over and over again forever: void loop() { // read the input on analog pin 0: int sensorValue = analogRead(A0); // Convert the analog reading (which goes from 0 - 1023) to a voltage (0 - 5V): float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0); // print out the value you read: Serial.println(voltage); }
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OUTPUT
230 228 227 236 226 231 233 231 231 229 230 235 236 233 236 331 403 433 431 431 429 430 489 478 437 478 490 678 634 603 699 697 693 695 604 342 329 330 335 336 333 336 321 378 375 378 364 351
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EXPERIMENT PROCESS
- [X] 1 LM324N - [ X ] 3 1 0 0 K R E S I STO R S
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- [ X ] 3 1 0 K R E S I STO R S - [ X ] 1 1 M R E S I STO R - [ X ] 1 1 0 0 K T R I M P OT - [ X ] 1 1 M T R I M P OT - [X] CERAMIC ELECTRODES - [X] JUMPER WIRES - [X] ARDUINO UNO - [X] ARDUINO NANO SENSE - [X] OV7670 CAMERA MODULE
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EXPERIMENT PROCESS
Machine vision with low-cost camera m o d u l e s , h t t p s : // b l o g . a r d u i n o . cc/2020/06/24/machine-vision-withlow-cost-camera-modules/
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ELECTRICAL SIGNAL DATA TO SOUND PATCH
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EXPERIMENT PROCESS
Using open source code by Interspecifics, Pulsum Plantae, http://interspecifics.cc/ work/pulsum-plantae-2012/
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TA K I N G L I D A R S C A N
U N I T Y S PA C E A S D E S I G N TO O L
EXPERIMENT DATA
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C O LO U R = L I G H T C O LO U R + I N T E N S I T Y D I R E CT I O N A L I T Y = S U N P O S I T I O N SPEED / QUANTITY / SOUND = E L E CT R I C A L S I G N A L Q U A L I T Y / P H OTO SY N T H E T I C R AT E
su
rate n= di re
CO2 ct io na
R=66 G=65 B=86 lit y
PIXEL RESEARCH JOURNAL
so spe e d +
e th photosyn
S C R I P TS B A S E D O N E X P E R I M E N T D ATA
U N I T Y S PA C E A S D E S I G N TO O L
u n d=
tic O2
R=163 G=138 B=190
R=216 G=181 B=215
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POINT CLOUD DATA
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F R O M M O V E M E N T D ATA
P LOT T I N G C A M E R A PAT H S
EXPERIMENT DATA
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ARCHIVE
235
Amoore, Louise, Cloud Ethics: Algorithms and the
ai-programs-exhibit-racist-and-sexist-biases-
Attributes of Ourselves and Others (Durham: Duke
research-reveals> [Accessed 18 October 2020]
University Press, 2020) Dixon-Román, Ezekiel, ‘Algo-Ritmo: More-Than-Human Avanessian, Arman, Lietje Bauwens, Wouter De Raeve,
Performative Acts and the Racializing Assemblages
Markus Miessen, and Alice Haddad, Perhaps it is
of Algorithmic Architectures’, Cultural Studies ↔
high time for a xeno-architecture to match (Berlin:
Critical Methodologies, 16(5) (2016), 482–490
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Fausch,
Deborah,
and
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Holert, Tom, Ships in Doubt and the Totality of
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blog.arduino.cc/2020/06/24/machine-vision-with-
interspecifics.cc/work/pulsum-plantae-2012/
low-cost-camera-modules/
Joler, Vladen, New Extractivism (2020)
Marder, Michael, Plant-thinking: A Philosophy of
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Green
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brooklynrail.org/2019/03/art/Seeing-Naming-
Moore, Jason, Capitalism in the Web of Life (2015)
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data, data infrastructures & their consequences.
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Thousand Oaks, CA:SAGE (2014) Paglen,
Trevor,
Invisible
Images
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Pictures
Chilean
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Cybernetics and Chicago’s Economists. In: Matteo
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Pasquinelli (Hg.): Alleys of Your Mind. Augmented
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Lahoud,
Adrian,
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Correction.
Intelligence and Its Traumas. Lüneburg: meson press Parisi,
(2015)
Luciana,
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the Age of Machine Learning, E-flux Journal 75 (2016)
sun-and-slowing-tree-growth
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Szechyńska-Hebda, Magdalena, Maria Lewandowska
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the Body’ (2019) <https://futureadvocacy.com/mindover-matter-ai-feminism-and-the-body/>
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healing
(2019)
Shrinking Arctic Forests Linked to Legacy of Russia’s Most Polluted City
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feminist NC:
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