End Notes

1 I want to note here that the vaginal speculum design has not been updated since 1870 and is ‘inextricably linked to extreme racism and misogyny’. The ‘father of American gynecology’ James Marion Sims invented the speculum and would experiment his design on slave women. See: Rose Eveleth, ‘Why No One Can Design a Better Speculum’, The Atlantic, (2014), <https:// www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/11/why-no-one-can-design-a-better-speculum/382534/> [accessed 12 June 2020]. 2 Rajshree Dayanand Katke, Sivanandini Acharya, Soni Mourya, ‘Uterus didelphys with pregnancy and its different maternal and perinatal outcomes’, International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6 (2017), 4690-4693 (p.4690) <http:// dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174465> [accessed 19 July 2020]. 3 Woman is presented here in quotations because having female sexual characteristics and reproductive function does not necessarily determine gender. Many women are tran-gendered and some are intersex and have bodies which comprise of various sexual characteristics. In addition, some trans-men and non-binary people have female reproductive systems and sexual characteristics. In my personal experience as a cis-gendered person, my female reproductive system and sexual characteristics inform my identity as a woman. This being said I reject an essentialist approach to gender as it is limiting and reductive to one’s identity and self expression. 4 Cecilia Tasca with Mariangela Rapetti and others, ‘Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health’, Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 8 (2012), 110–119. <10.2174/1745017901208010110> [accessed 06 July 2020]. 5 Marina Warner, Fantastic Metamorphosis, Other Worlds: Ways of Telling the Self, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 163. 6 Luce Irigaray, ‘When Our Lips Speak Together’, in The Sex Which is Not One, trans. by Catherine Porter with Carolyn Burke (New York: Cornell University Press, 1985), pp. 205-218 (p.210). 7 Julia Kristeva, Powers of Horror, trans. by Leon S. Roudiez (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), p. 1. 8 Laura Mulvey, ‘Phantasmagoria’, cited in Yve-Alain Bois and Rosalind E. Krauss, Formless: A User’s Guide, (New York: Zone Books, 1997), p. 244. 9 Adriel M. Trott, ‘The Feminine and the Elemental in Greek Myth, Medicine and Early Philosophy’, in Aristotle on the Matter of Form: Α Feminist Metaphysics of Generation (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019). 10 Astrida Neimanis, Bodies of Water: Posthuman Feminist Phenomenology, (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017), p. 81-82. 11 Elizabeth Grosz, Volatile Bodies: Towards a Corporeal Feminism, (Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1994), p. 203. 12 Ibid., p. 197. 13 Kristeva, Powers of Horror. 14 Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo, (New York: Taylor & Francis e-library, 2001), ebook. 15 Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology, (Oxon: Routledge, 2003), pp. 620-37. 16 Candice Lin, A White Hard Body, ed. by Lotte Arndt and Yesomi Umolu, (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2019). p. 22. Here, Lin refers to liquid states as ‘caretaking’, ‘tender’ and ‘supple’. 17 Jean-Luc Nancy, Corpus, trans. by Richard A. Rand (New York: Fordham University Press, 2008), p. 9.

18 Monique Wittig, The Lesbian Body, trans. by Peter Owen (Boston: Beacon Press, 1975), p. 48. 19 Naomi Wolf, Promiscuities: A Secret History of Female Desire, (London: Random House, 1998). 20 Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Tendencies, (London: Taylor & Francis, 2005), p. 7. ebook. 21 Neimanis, Bodies of Water, p. 65. 22 Monique Wittig, The Lesbian Body, trans. by Peter Owen (Boston: Beacon Press, 1975), p. 34. 23 Mary Catherine Foltz, ‘Excremental Eros: Pleasurable Decomposition and The Lesbian Body’, Bodily Fluids: InterAlia. A Journal of Queer Studies, ed. by Michael O’Rourke and Karin Sellberg and Kamillea Aghtan, 9 (2014), 203-224 (p. 205). 24 Monique Wittig, ‘Straight Minds’, in The Straight Mind And Other Essays (Boston: Beacon Press, 1992), pp. 21-32. 25 Wittig, The Lesbian Body, p. 80. 26 Rosi Braidotti, Metamorphosis: Towards a Materialist Theory Of Becoming, (Malden: Polity Press, 2002), p. 143. 27 Neimanis, Bodies of Water, p. 78. 28 Luce Irigaray, ‘When Our Lips Speak Together’, in The Sex Which is Not One, trans. by Catherine Porter with Carolyn Burke (New York: Cornell University Press, 1985), pp. 205-218 (p.209). 29 Foltz, ‘Excremental Eros’, p. 205. 30 For additional information see: Mary Daly, Gyn Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1990). 31 Georges Bataille, ‘Visions of Excess’, cited in Yve-Alain Bois and Rosalind E. Krauss, Formless: A User’s Guide, (New York: Zone Books, 1997), p. 5. 32 Anne Carson, Men In The Off Hours, (New York: Random House Inc, 2000). 33 Ibid., p. 133. 34 Neimanis, Bodies of Water, p. 79. 35 Carson, Men In The Off Hours, p. 134. 36 Braidotti, Metamorphosis, p. 124. 37 Ibid., p. 123. 38 In the author’s note in The Lesbian Body, Wittig explains the stylistic choice of interjecting a / between the J and e of ‘Je’ as a desire to do violence to the masculine French language by entering it by force. She rejects the neutrality of the masculine default and remoulds the language into a form which she can speak through. 39 Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, ‘Becoming-Intense, Becoming-Animal, BecomingImperceptible’, in A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, trans. by Brian Massumi (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987), pp. 232-309 (p. 277). 40 Didier Anzieu, The Skin-Ego, trans. by Naomi Segal (London: Karmac Books, 2016), p. 18. 41 Steven Connor, The Book of Skin, (London: Reaktion Books, 2004), p. 67. 42 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus. 43 Braidotti, Metamorphosis, p. 147. 44 Ibid., p. 161. 45 Ibid., p. 142. 46 Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger. 47 Val Plumwood, ‘Feminism and the Mastery of Nature’, cited in Greta Gaard, ‘Towards a Queer Ecofeminism’, in New Perspectives on Environmental Justice: Gender, Sexuality, and Activism, ed. by Rachel Stein (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press), p. 22.

48 Greta Gaard, ‘Towards a Queer Ecofeminism’, in New Perspectives on Environmental Justice: Gender, Sexuality, and Activism, ed. by Rachel Stein (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press), p. 23. 49 At the time of writing Testo-Junkie Preciado identifies as a lesbian, a cis-female and also a trans man. Since the book has been published Preciado has changed his name from Beatriz to Paul and uses masculine pronouns, which are the pronouns I will also be using throughout my analysis of the text. 50 Paul B. Preciado, Testo Junkie: Sex, Drugs, and Biopolitics in the Pharmacopornographic Era, trans. by Bruce Benderson, 6th edn (New York: Feminist Press, 2019), p. 142. 51 Ibid., p. 143. 52 Ibid., p. 142. 53 Donna J. Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature (New York: Routledge, 1991), p.154. 54 Trans-corporeality is a term coined by Stacey Alaimo to refer to ‘the time-space where human corporeality, in all its material fleshiness, is inseparable from “nature” or “environment.” Stacey Alaimo, ‘Trans-corporeal Feminisms and The Ethical Space of Nature’, in Material Feminisms, ed. Stacey Alaimo and Susan Hekman (Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2008), p. 238. 55 I use ‘illegitimate offspring’ here in reference to Haraway’s quote: ‘The main trouble with cyborgs, of course, is that they are the illegitimate offspring of militarism and patriarchal capitalism, not to mention state socialism. But illegitimate offspring are often exceedingly unfaithful to their origins.’ Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women, p. 151. 56 Eva Hayward, ‘More Lessons From A Starfish: Prefixial Flesh and Transspeciated Selves’, Women’s Studies Quarterly, 36 (2008), 64-85 (p. 69). <https://www.jstor.org/stable/27649785> [accessed 7 April 2020]. 57 Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women, p.78. 58 Neimanis, Bodies of Water, p. 75. 59 Hayward, ‘More Lessons From A Starfish’, p. 67. 60 I want to note here the exploitation that the bodies of non-white and poor women endured during the initial testing of the birth control pill in Puerto Rico in the 1950’s. Preciado, Testo Junkie, pp. 144-236. 61 Steven Connor, ‘River Pollutants Linked To Male Infertility’, Independent, (2009), <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/river-pollutants-linked-to-male-infertility-1419284. html> [accessed 9 July 2020]. 62 Neimanis, Bodies of Water, p. 76. 63 Paul B. Preciado, Testo Junkie: Sex, Drugs, and Biopolitics In The Pharmacopornographic Era, trans. by Bruce Benderson, 6th edn (New York: Feminist Press, 2019), p. 230. 64 Ibid., p. 210. 65 Kenneth J. Zucker, ‘The DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Gender Dysphoria’, Management of Gender Dysphoria: A Multidisciplinary Approach, (2015), <10.1007/978-88-470-5696-1_4> [accessed 19 July 2020] 66 Elizabeth Grosz, Jaques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction, (London: Routledge, 1998), p. 32. 67 Ibid., p. 42. 68 Ibid., p. 43. 69 Paul. B Preciado, ‘Letter From a Trans Man To The Old Sexual Regime’, Text Zur Kunst, trans by. Simon Pleasance (2018), <https://www.textezurkunst.de/articles/letter-trans-man-oldsexual-regime-paul-b-preciado/> [accessed 30 June 2020]. 70 Preciado, Testo Junkie, p. 10.

71 Esther Leslie, Liquid Crystals: The Science and Art of Fluid Form, (London: Reaktion Books, 2016), p. 9. 72 Ibid., p. 9. 73 H.D., Notes on Thought and Vision & The Wise Sappho, (San Francisco: City Light Books, 1982), p. 50. 74 Ibid., p. 7. 75 Ibid., p. 19. 76 Ibid., p. 19. 77 Daisy Hildyard, The Second Body, (London: Fitzcarraldo Editions, 2017), p. 25. 78 Ibid., p. 13. 79 Timothy Morton, Hyperobjects: Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2013). 80 Astrida Neimanis, ‘Hydrofeminism: Or, On Becoming a Body of Water’ in Undutiful Daughters: Mobilizing Future Concepts, Bodies and Subjectivities in Feminist Thought and Practice, ed. by Henriette Gunkel, Chrysanthi Nigianni and Fanny Söderbäck (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), p. 96. 81 Hildyard, The Second Body, p. 95. 82 Karen Barad, Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning, 2nd edn (London: Duke University Press, 2007). 83 Donna J. Haraway, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in Chthulucene, (London: Duke University Press, 2016), p. 101. 84 For more information on Jellyfish life cycles see: Lisa-ann Gershwin, Stung! On Jellyfish Blooms and the Future of the Ocean, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013), p. 91. 85 Timothy Morton, ‘Queer Ecology’, Modern Language Association, 124 (2010), 273-82 (p. 280). <http://www.jstor.com/stable/25704424> [accessed 07 Jul 2020]. 86 Neimanis, Bodies of Water, p. 89. 87 Heather David, ‘Molecular Intimacy’, in Hyperobjects for Artists, ed. by Timothy Morton and Laura Copelin with Peyton Gardner (Texas: Ballroom Marfa, 2018). 88 Neimanis, Bodies of Water, p. 80. 89 Georges Bataille, Theory of Religion, trans. by Robert Hurley, (New York: Zone Books, 1989), p. 19. 90 Georges Didi-Huberman, Invention of Hysteria: Charcot and the Photographic Iconography of the Salpêtriè, trans. by Alisa Hartz (Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003), p. xi. 91 ‘Milk Fever’, Wikipedia, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_fever> [accessed 20 July 2020]. 92 Megan Ross, Milk Fever, (Cape Town: uHlanga, 2018). 93 Melanie Jackson and Esther Leslie, ‘Journeys of Lactic Abstraction: The Meanings of Milk’, Cabinet, (2017) <http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/62/jackson_leslie.php> [accessed 1 July 2020]. 94 Elizabeth Stephens, ‘Feminism and New Materialism: The Matter of Fluidity’, Body Fluids: InterAlia. A Journal of Queer Studies, ed. by Michael O’Rourke and Karin Sellberg and Kamillea Aghtan, 9 (2014), 186-202 (p. 188).