RDJ Briefing - December 2022

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FROM THE EDITOR

SUSTAINABLE ACTION: TIME FOR REAL IDEAS

DearReader,

And just like that we’ve found ourselves at the end of 2022! Let me therefore take this opportunity to thank you dearest readers and friends for sharing, reading, supporting, and critiquingtheRDJBriefingthroughoutthisyear. 2022hasbeenayearoftrulysteppingoutofthe wake of Covid-19 and showing resilience The RDJGroup(RDJPublishingandRDJConsulting) wouldalsoliketoextendaspecialthankyouto everyone who attended our thought leadership events,emanatingaspublicdiscussionssuchas the Sustainable Aviation, Are We Ready? Event andthefirstpartintheImaginetheFutureSeries that looked into the topic of Women and Green Hydrogenwhichbothattractedgreatsupport

We end the year with a special focus on Sustainable Action, dedicated in part to International Cheetah Day and conservation practices ThisfollowsonatripbytheRDJTeam to the Okonjima Lodge, home of the Africat Foundation featured in the RDJ Briefing, narrating what they do at the foundation, their objectives and how to effectively manage carnivores and other species within a closed reserve.

This December edition also provides a wrap-up lookingdeeperat:

The Energy and Sustainability industry, namely major highlights from COP27, with Africa at the focus in the Environment section

Whatisbeingdonetoachieveasustainable energymixandwhatgapsarestilllingering across the continent in the Economy at Largesection

Advancing electrification in rural areas, noting impact of rural electrification on schoolsinourYouthinAction

Engaging you on the fast advancing Green Hydrogen industry in both the Synthetic FuelsandtheRoadsandTransportsection.

ItisalwaysapleasurebeingyourEditorinChief at RDJ Publishing (Pty) Ltd, and we at RDJ Publishing wish you a safe and memorable festive season We hope this Holiday Season allows you and your loved ones to rest and rechargeaswegetreadyfor2023!

Reachmedirectlyateditor@rdjpublishingafrica oratbriefing@rdjpublishing.africa

Untilnextyear!

WATCHTHISSPACE

(DavidA.Jarrett) Editor Authors RDJInterns*

Didyouknow?

Globally, 522 hydrogen projects have been announced to be developed between 2021 and 2030, of which 43 are giga-scale green hydrogen projects.

Quick Facts

Thefirsthydrogenfuelcellwasdevelopedin1842bya Welshphysicist,WilliamGrove.

Thehydrogenmarketisexpectedtogrowby9.2%per yearthrough2030

ThehydrogenrefuelingmarketintheEuropeanUnionis projectedtoincreaseby105%perannumby2035

4.Namibiawouldneedalargedesalinationplanttoexport 300000tonsofgreenhydrogenperyear.(Dr.Zivayi Chiguvare,ActingDirectoroftheNamibiaGreenHydrogen ResearchInstitute(NGHRI)

5 China’sSinopecisbuildingtheworld’sbiggestfactoryfor theproductionofhydrogenfromrenewablesources

1.

E C O N O M Y A T L A R G E

Recycling – A Lifechanging Experience for Homeowners!

AUTHOR: Chilombo (Olga) Priscila Economist@ RDJ Consulting

What benefit would that bring, not only to our environment itself, but also to household economies!

Africa is a continent, blessed with abundant resources, however, it is not exempted from a number of economic challenges, one of which is the sustainability of households with regards to provision of fresh water, food security and energy.

This article takes a look at recycling waste and its potential to transform households for the better. To get a better understanding, let’s look at living examples of countries where homeowners are already earning from this noble act of collecting and selling recyclable waste

Brazil – Reduced Electricity Bills!

Brazil is the third on the list of countries (behind China and the United States) that produce the most waste, with a daily production of about 250 thousand tons While 30% of such waste could be reused, only 3% of that amount is actually recycled

In 2007, Enel – a private company in the Brazilian energy sector operating in generation, transmission and sales as well as energy solutions, launched Ecoenel (former Ecoelce) project in Ceará state that offers discounts on the electricity bill to residents in exchange for waste materials This way, people are encouraged to more adequately separate their recyclable waste and deliver them in exchange for a relief in their electricity bills.

EcoenelCourtesy:AlexMalheiros

Households on a whole are seen as points of material consumption Imagine an African continent where homeowners can earn an income from recycling?

Recognised nationally and internationally, Ecoenel has become a reference in sustainability actions. By allying the formation of a partnership network between customers, company and recycler, the promotion of sustainability and the economy, it also masterfully represents the Open Power strategy

Indonesia – Free Public Transport!

In Surabaya, one of the largest cities in Indonesia, residents have the privilege to provide plastic cups and bottles as payment for bus tickets At the start of this initiative in 2018, passengers handed in 10 plastic cups or 5 plastic bottles at the terminal or in the bus in exchange for a two-hour ticket. At that time, plastic constituted 15% of the city’s total waste therefore, this was crucial to supplement the city’s goal of being free of plastic waste by 2020 As a result, a single bus was able to collect an average of 250 kg of plastic every day The plastic collected was then auctioned to recycling plants and the money raised got invested directly back into the local transportation system.

Spain – Monetary Incentive!

In Spain, communities use applications that allows them to hand in recyclable materials in exchange for some form of payment. This system is referred to as “reverse vending”.

An example of this is the RECiCLA app. This application makes the incentive to recycle accessible to everyone, and hence creates a link around the circular economy between consumers and producers To get rewarded for collecting waste using the app, one needs to:

Clean, dry, crush and separate all recyclable waste

Then count them and declare them in the app

Choose a date and time block for a recycler to come to your house to collect your waste and have it ready for delivery.

Add Recikarma points and exchange for products made from recycled waste

RECiCLA does not reward waste, it rewards individuals’ responsible gesture This initiative’s main purpose is to generate the habit in the citizen, so that once encouraged by the economic incentive provided, they end up internalizing the need to recycle and learn to deposit waste correctly, and at the same time, increase households’ disposable income to sustain families through the incentive

Namibia –Monetary Incentive!

Coming home to Africa, Namibia is one of the countries that has committed to embarking on a similar journey. In November 2022, the City of Windhoek (the municipality in the capital city) announced that its residents will soon be able to earn an income by collecting and selling their recyclable waste to the City of Windhoek

IndonesiaEnvironmentPlasticsbus

The idea was birthed with assistance from the European Union who provided a grant of N$36 8 million to the City of Windhoek under the Windhoek-Bremen cities cooperation. The plan is to construct two waste buy-back centres under the project titled: 'Improving solid waste management in Windhoek' This is a first in Namibia and will be constructed at the corner of Hans-Dietrich Genscher and Bondel Streets in Katutura

The Mayor of the City of Windhoek said that the project is expected to recycle 2 000 tonnes of waste, with 100 monthly drop-offs by 2025, and about 6 800 school pupils will be involved in solid waste management programmes. Furthermore, the waste buy-back centres will receive waste, handle it, add value to it for resale, or give it to the recycling sector as raw materials for remanufacturing

These and more are examples and proof that recycling can indeed bring about better living conditions to communities. With the rise in prices for essential products such as transport, food and electricity, these initiatives ensures that some of these challenges are

minimized through incentives. It may be costly to embark on such journeys as a country, however, the economic, social and environmental benefits obtained thereafter canbepriceless.

Which other countries in Africa do you know that provides incentives to its locals for collecting their recyclable waste? And what are the notable benefits obtained thereafter? Contribute to this conversation at briefing@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings:

https://www enel com br/enceara/Sustainability/initiatives/archive/ecoenel html

https://reciclaysuma com/

https://www 101sustainableideas com/idea/pay-your-bus-ticketwith-plastic-cups-or-

bottles/#: :text=Surabaya%2C%20Indonesia%2C%20now%20accep ts%20plastic,by%20the%20end%20of%202020

https://www cbc ca/news/science/bus-plastic-bottles-1

4874662

https://www namibian com na/6225181/archive-read/Windhoekresidents-to-earn-income-from-recycling

Kz 135.000/ US$ 0.267 perlitreDiesel50ppm

₦ 801.090/ US$ 1.801 perlitreDiesel50ppm

S Y N T H E T I C F U E L S

Green Hydrogen: Could it be the Holy Grail for Rural Communities and Transport?

AUTHOR: Hannah Brendell PolicySpecialist-Intern@ RDJ Consulting

Additional Information: Worldwide 2020. Based on 2020 tranportation sector CO2 emissions of 7.3 trillion in metric tons Source Statista 2020

Figure on travelling or going anywhere? In continuation with the theme of green hydrogen for rural development, this month we look at Transportation! With the announcement of the global population reaching 8 billion, a lot of transport options are going to be in demand

Putting that in the context of Africa exceeding 30 million square kilometres (making it the second largest continent) and 58% of the population in rural areas, it is not hard to see why the question of renewable energy for mobility is so relevant to larger discussions surrounding the development of the continent

Rural transportation development will most likely be centred around long-haul transportation such as trucks and buses This is because medium to heavy transportation fuelled by hydrogen can cover greater distances and thus requires less refuelling than batteries powered by electricity.

That said, there are various opportunities in advancing rural development and challenges that will need to be faced for green hydrogen transportation to truly take off

Distribution of carbon dioxide emissions produced by the transportation sector worldwide in 2020, by subsector

Opportunities:

The first opportunity is Reduction of fuel costs: with hydrogen replacing fuels like diesel and petrol there is the opportunity to make it more competitive than that of fuel. This is especially relevant to countries that are not oil producers. The second is No pollution: the only emissions would be water which is very significant for the heavy transport industry given the high emissions of mid and heavy trucks globally (22%)

The third opportunity is Addressing a need in the industry: hydrogen powered heavy transport can travel further distances than existing electric vehicles. (±200 km for electric) and (±500 km for hydrogen) meaning that hydrogen vehicles will be able to address the clean energy gap that currently exists in the market while adding value to various other industries such as agriculture, livestock farming and mining which happen to be especially important for rural communities.

The fourth opportunity is Expansion of Trade Networks: With the recent creation of AfCFTA , there is real potential to maximise on hydrogen as a fuel source by bringing rural markets into the fold with the reduced costs of powering trucks The final opportunity is Improvement of mobility and services: Transportation of everyday activities such as getting children to school, people to

work or having mobile clinics available in rural communities can make all the difference to the lives of the community The reduced costs of hydrogen can be a game changer to the level of mobility that tends to be lower in rural areas than in urban areas resulting in varioussocialills

Challenges:

When it comes to the challenges of transportation powered by green hydrogen, some main issues stand out One of the first being, (1) Infrastructure - scaling up hydrogen vehicles will require Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRS) which would mean investing in storage facilities, pre-cooling systems, dispensers for hydrogen delivery and compressors to bring hydrogen to the desired gas pressure level The level of complexity in the infrastructure and technology required will be both a challenge and an opportunity for African countries to navigate, all the more over in rural areas (2) Subsidiescountrieswillneedtoprovidesubsidiestomakethemove to hydrogen more appealing to investors, companies and consumers as the CAPEX costs will be high. Money has already been provided in the form of grants for feasibility studies in the case of Namibia from the German government but that is but a fraction of the money required to drastically scale up hydrogen to create a hydrogen hub. (3) Coordination between competitorshereisapressingneedtohaveinvestorsaswellas

nations who are further along in the hydrogen industry to work together with countries and companies embarking on the hydrogen journey to advance quickly yet effectively.

Green Hydrogen Transportation Projects in Africa to Watch out for:

South Africa: Hydrogen mining trucks and more: South Africa recently unveiled the world’s largest hydrogen powered truck. This is but the beginning of a larger ecosystem of hydrogen powered trucks to be rolled out in the years ahead according to President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa and the chief executive Duncan Wanblad of Anglo America South Africa is currently exploring the potential for a hydrogen valley in 3 different locations namely Limpopo, Johannesburg and Durban.

On a similar note Namibia will be developing a dual fuelled hydrogen and diesel locomotive in partnership with TransNamib (a state owned railway company), CMB TECH (developer and integrator of hydrogen solutions ), Traxtion (rail services and solutions provider across the African continent) and the University of Namibia (UNAM). The dual-fuel locomotive once in operation would be the first of its kind for Africa, potentially providing a case study for how similar clean

energy-basedlocomotivescanbeadoptedregionally

For green hydrogen to be fully maximised, it needs to be fully integrated into all areas of life and that includes not disregarding rural communities. Hence, green hydrogen powered transport needs to reach rural areas while still focusing on rolling out large scale hydrogen and finding ways to pull on resources both from urban and rural areas.

Readings:

https://www theiet org/impact-society/factfiles/transportfactfiles/hydrogens-potential-as-a-fuel-for-road-transport/ https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/rural-area https://www igi-global com/dictionary/importance-of-plantproduction-in-development-of-rural-areas/64889 https://www.worldscapitalcities.com/capital-facts-for-windhoeknamibia/

https://www statista com/statistics/1185535/transport-carbondioxide-emissions-breakdown/

https://www aljazeera com/news/2022/5/6/s-africa-launches-theworlds-biggest-hydrogen-fueled-truck https://hydrogencouncil.com/en/driving-the-hydrogen-economyin-south-africa-anglo-american-and-partners-support-hydrogenvalley-concept-launch-the-worlds-largest-hydrogen-poweredvehicle/

https://www esi-africa com/industry-sectors/futureenergy/namibia-pilot-projects-to-introduce-new-green-hydrogenlocomotive-fuel/

NuGen TruckCourtesy:AngloAmerican

M I N I N G

Salt Brine from the Green Hydrogen process: A missed opportunity?

Green hydrogen is produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity such as solar and wind energy.The production of green hydrogen requires high volumes of water! As a result, currently, the world produces more than 100 billion liters (about 27 billion gallons) a day of water from desalination, which leaves a similar volume of concentrated brine behind as a waste product (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

Namibia meets the requirements of large-scale green hydrogen production Hyphen Hydrogen Energy (Pty) Ltd based in Namibia has explained that Namibia’s geography, climate, large open spaces of uninhabited land, and strong government leadership underpinned by entrenched democratic values, make it uniquely positioned to be one of the world’s largest and lowestcost green hydrogen producers

However, Namibia is an arid country, and the water required for green hydrogen production would need to

rely on desalinated seawater. The pressure on desalinated seawater supply is projected to be highly demanded in the peak green hydrogen energy industrial era, hence the United Nations projects the demand for desalination to potentially grow fivefold to 526 million cubic meters by 2040 if all the hydrogen projects within regions with water stress levels above medium are realized.

Theelephantintheroom -Whathappens withthesaltbrine?

Dr. Zivayi Chiguvare, the Acting Director of the Namibia Green Hydrogen Research Institute (NGHRI) presented a one-on-one Green Hydrogen introduction at the Women and Green Hydrogen public discussion hosted on 10 November 2022 in Windhoek by RDJ Publishing (Pty) Ltd He raised the concern that “if Namibia would export

AUTHOR: Junias David Researcher@RDJConsulting

SEASALTCourtesy:WarszawaPolska

300 000 tons per year of green hydrogen, it would need a large desalination plant, which will also have to deal with the salt brine left behind as a byproduct of desalination ”

It’s another uphill task to make the salt brine economically useful, dumping it back into the sea is a costly process requiring pumping systems that must be managed carefully In addition, returning the salt brine to the sea poses major risks to ocean life and marine ecosystems Some of the risks include greatly raising the salinity of the seawater it flows into, and polluting oceans with toxic chemicals used as antiscalants and antifoulants, including copper and chlorine.

Salt brine for Sodium Hydroxide

David L. Chandler a journalist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), writes that engineers have found a better alternative for salt brine, in which recent studies have discovered that the salt waste material can be converted into useful chemicals, including those ones that can make the desalination process itself more efficient- The brine can be used to produce sodium hydroxide used to pretreat seawater going into the desalination plant.

The demand for green hydrogen probes a question of whether Namibia and other countries planning green hydrogen projects should economize on the brine left over from desalination. What is a possible solution to the issue of brine in your opinion? The conversation continuesat briefing@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings:

https://news.mit.edu/2019/brine-desalianation-wastesodium-hydroxide-0213

https://chinadialogueocean.net/en/pollution/6347waste-brine-ecological-problem-economic-opportunity/ https://www.rechargenews.com/energytransition/vast-majority-of-green-hydrogen-projectsmay-require-water-desalination-potentially-driving-upcosts/2-1-1070183

https://hyphenafrica com/news/namibia-announcesprogress-with-hyphen-hydrogen-energy-to-unlockus10bn-investment-for-first-green-hydrogen-project-tohelp-power-the-energy-

transition/#:~:text=Namibia's%20geography%2C%20cli mate%2C%20large%20open,lowest%20cost%20green% 20hydrogen%20producers

E L E C T R I C I T Y

Will Africa Achieve a Sustainable Energy Mix?

AUTHOR: Chilombo (Olga) Priscila Economist@RDJConsulting

Now, let’s pick up from where we left off last month In the November edition, we explored what a sustainable energy mix really entails This time, we are going to dive deeper into the industry itself and explore together ways in which Africa can achieve a sustainable energy mix.

If you read last edition’s article (and if you didn’t you should), you can remember that we defined a sustainable energy mix as a mix of energy derived from different sources that will create the aggregate supply of energy without degrading the environment or impacting sustainability

The road to a sustainable energy mix can be difficult, since it means having the will to shift from fossil fuel driven energy systems, to low-carbon sources of energy which can be a huge capital burden today, however tending to be extremely beneficial in the long run

So,whatdoesAfricareallyneedtodo?

The 2022 Africa Energy Outlook report of the International Energy Agency (IEA) mentions that to attain a sustainable energy sector by 2030, Africa “needs to come clean” and move towards clean energy From observation, it seems obvious that the transition to renewable energy in Africa has been progressing steadily over the last decade, with many countries working to increase their renewable energy capacity in recent years.

Let’s now examine some practical moves already in place, and others that still need to be tapped in order for Africa to have and maintain a sustainable energy mix

1.Tapping into cleaner cooking solutions, especially in rural areas

It is without a doubt that many rural areas in developing countries still heavily rely on cooking using traditional energy sources such as firewood, charcoal, paraffin, etc These solutions are not always sustainable or environmental-friendly. According to the IEA “about 600

million people in Africa still lack access to electricity, and more that 970 million lack access to clean cooking”

The presence of Covid-19 over the past two years slowed the industry even more from harnessing more sustainable energy solutions, and some countries now have an even longer journey towards building their sustainable energy mix and providing “modern energy access“ to the people.

With the need to combat climate change, it is necessary that the continent on a whole, finds and applies cleaner cooking solutions to avoid the high cost derived from the impacts of climate change and by extension health impactors This will in essence contribute to the sustainability of Africa’s energy mix.

2.Developing the Solar & Wind energy sectors

“Africa currently hosts 60% of potential solar resources but only 1% of PV solar capacity globally” [IEA] It is therefore important that by 2030, solar power should lead the continent’s energy mix, while renewables (including solar, wind, geothermal, and hydropower) is expected to account for more than 80% of new power generation capacity. Solar and wind power combined are reported to

make up 27% of overall power generation which is eight times their present proportion in the continent’s energy mix

3.Investing and growing New Fuels

Green hydrogen is now center stage, and has become quite competitive among new industries Falling hydrogen production costs could mean that the continent will be able to deliver green hydrogen for export to the EU at “internationally competitive price points” by 2030.

Egypt is currently leading the continent when it comes to this nascent sector, and has expressed the desire to become the hub for hydrogen and its derivatives in Africa

During this year’s 27th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) in Charm El Sheikh, Africa’s first green hydrogen plant was commissioned in Egypt This is a very significant move for Africa, as it left other countries motivated to follow suite.

Namibia in this scenario, has also been making notable progress on its ambition to become a key producer of renewable energy in Africa, as well as green hydrogen, having inked several agreements at the COP27 that could support the development of projects in the country At COP27, Namibia secured approximately 540 million euros ($544 million) in climate finance from the Dutch government and European Investment Bank.

Further, Hydrogène de France (HDF) Energy, received a sum a €10 million (N$179 million) grant from the European Investment Bank to implement Namibia’s first green hydrogen power plant which is intended to be built along the coastal area of Swakopmund with an 85 MW

solar park to provide clean electricity The facility is expectedtobegincommercialoperationsin2024

4.MobilizingmoreFunding

What could be the price tag for a sustainably powered Africa? The IEA estimates the cost of achieving full access to modern energy for all Africans by 2030 to be about USD 25billionofinvestmentperannum

Current investments fall far short of these levels, and to change this scenario, African countries need to improve the investment environment and create a pipeline of bankable projects That means that more finance is needed “Multilateral development banks must make increasing financial flows to Africa an absolute priority” by upping concessional finance, helping to double domestic financial markets, and using innovative financingmethodslikecarboncredits,saystheIEA Aglimpseintothefuture?

What else do you think is missing for Africa to attain a sustainable energy mix? Talk to us, and as always, the conversationcontinuesat briefing@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings

https://enterprise press/ chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://enterprise. press/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/AfricaEnergyOutlook2022 pdf

https://www un org/africarenewal/

https://www iea org/data-and-statistics/ https://africa-energy-portal org/news/egypt-africas-first-greenhydrogen-plant-goes-live-ain-sokhna

https://geopolitique eu/en/2022/06/29/africa-has-the-most-togain-from-clean-energy-transitions/

GlobalaveragelevelisedcostofhydrogenproductionusingLow-carbonelectricity(2019and2050) DataretrievedfromtheIEA

AUTHOR: Junias David Researcher@RDJConsulting

W A T E R

A Nexus: Water, Wildlife, and Human’s

As humanity develops, it seeks more space Unfortunately, this means that as humans expand their area of existence, animal territory starts to

shrink. Experts have coined the term “Human-wildlife conflict” to describe events when wildlife threatens people’s safety and livelihoods The Ministry of Environment and Tourism of Namibia reports that humanwildlife conflicts are said to happen more alongside wildlife surrounding human communities which is logical given the competition for space.

The IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) made it clear that human-wildlife conflicts are becoming more frequent, serious, and widespread because of human population growth, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, climate change, and other drivers of habitat loss Hence it is often the poorest and most

marginalized people living far from urban centers that bear the brunt of dangerous encounters with wildlife

The anticipated increase in human-wildlife conflict is also enhanced by the mutual basic needs of both humans and wildlife - such as water. Encounters can occur at freshwater water points where both animals and humans alike drink and collect water for their survival.

Nyae Nyae Conservancy

One of the major conservancies in Namibia is the Nyae Nyae Conservancy, which covers an area of 8,992 km2 in the vast Otjozondjupa region in Northern East Namibia is surrounded by human communities Noting that as per the latest data, the conservancy has a population of approximately 3000 Ju/’hoansi San people. The commu-

Courtesy:DušanČeština

nity also largely depends on big game and other bush foods for survival, which triggers human-wildlife conflicts as both interact in this ecosystem The Nyae Nyae Conservancy has a waterhole that counts have recorded 23 species including 6 predator species Based on average spoor sightings hyaenas are the most common predator, followed by leopards and wild dogs (Nyae Nyae Game Count transect 2021).

Surrounding human communities are thus affected by human-wildlife conflict either way, through wildlife attacks, property destruction, and livestock hunted by predators The Nyae Nyae Conservancy Audit Report 2020 indicates that 19 human-wildlife cases have been counted in 2020, with elephants in the conservancy being predominant in causing human-wildlife conflicts.

Water, part of the solution?

Dan Tarlock, an internationally recognized expert in the law of land and water use, writes in the Land and Water Journal that water flow management specifically aimed to control water points in conservation areas is crucial for preventing human-wildlife conflicts, especially alongside the conservation of wildlife living in areas surrounding

human communities. Water flow management in conservation thus avoids human-and wildlife collision at waterpoints.

Water flow management in conservation alerts people living in wildlife conservation areas to avoid using water points that are prescribed for wildlife, while protection of water supplies in the wildlife conservation areas is enforced.

Let’s discuss this as the conversation continues at briefing@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings:

https://cheetah org/learn/human-wildlife-conflict/ https://scholarship law uwyo edu/cgi/viewcontent cgi?

article=1710&context=land water

https://nativeplanet tv/episode/conserving-the-nyaenyae/#:~:text=The%20Nyae%20Nyae%20Conservancy%20is,Ju%2F' hoansi%20San%20people

https://www nacso org na/sites/default/files/Nyae%20Nyae%20Au dit%20Report%202020 pdf

https://www nacso org na/sites/default/files/Nyae%20Nyae%20Ga me%20Count%20transect%202021 pdf

https://www iucn org/our-union/commissions/species-survivalcommission#: :text=The%20Species%20Survival%20Commission% 20is,recovery%20of%20the%20diversity%20of

T H E E N V I R O N M E N T

COP in Africa

AUTHOR: Hannah Brendell PolicySpecialist-Intern@RDJConsulting

So that time of year when the world reflects on its achievements and what still needs to be done has come and gone again. It is well understood that

Africa was at the centre of the recent discussions at COP 27, with the very event being held in Egypt, generally known as the “Motherland of the World”. During the two week of discussions and deliberations (which is the time they wished it had taken), various questions were brought up surrounding the food, energy and climate nexus, particularly for those who will be worst affected, such as on the continent of Africa

With the nexus areas being crucial to our survival, some of the focus areas of concern raised at COP27 were very closely aligned with the last African COP, COP22 in Marrakech, Morocco namely the Triple As:

Adaptation

Agriculture Africa

refers to countries and communities making adjustments or planning for them in every sector due to the expected impacts of climate change.

Agriculture: has only received 4% of financing despite it making up approximately 25% of the emissions according to World in Data.

unding but is predicted to as with 35 of the 50 most ica

COP 27 discussions

issues discussed for the ation of a master plan, its.

ate the decarbonization

Courtesy:AfricanDevelopmentBank

of five major sectors – power, road transport, steel, hydrogen, and agriculture, while the Priority Actions include agreements to:

develop common definitions for low-emission and near-zero emission steel, common definitions for hydrogen and sustainable batteries, ramping up clean infrastructure projects, setting a common target to phase out polluting vehicles stimulate global demand for green industrial goods

around mitigation strategies and no obvious declinein fossil fuel usage which is argued to be important to keep emissions below 1 5 degrees Celsius by 2050

Financial Markets and Funding: Not only do African countries receive limited financing when it comes to climate change mitigation strategies and disaster aid but they also need to wait for long periods of time on the financing and agree to various conditions from the donor nation/s or organization/s Conditions often include interest on the financing provided and rigid rules on what can and cannot receive financing.Additionally, banks remain hesitant to provide long term loans for much of the financing required.

Falling Short on 100 billion Pledge: One of the biggest pledges previously put on the table to be met by 2020 was a yearly pledge of 100 billion from developed countries to developing countries but it remains unmet and raises some questions surrounding the promised Loss and Damage Fund.

The significance of “buying carbon credits” to the climate change discussion is not a new one as depicted in agreements made at COP26 and the notable country initiatives such as ones made by the Namibian government in the planning of a robust carbon market At this year's COP a timeline was set to implement all parts of Article 6 which regulates carbon trading and nonmarket investments in conservation. The sale of carbon credits could help countries aiming to transition away from fossil fuels while also bolstering ecosystem preservation efforts globally

Challenges:

Little Committed towards Mitigation Strategies: It is argued that there was a lack of clear messaging

So here are some key Milestones that are most relevant to Africa

For the first time in COP history an entire day was dedicated to (1) Agriculture and more broadly Food Systems which is a key sector not only in terms of global emissions but for the very livelihoods of over 60% of Africans who are smallholder farmers Another milestone came as the creation of a (2) Loss and Damage Fund and would be invested in by the largest emitters, namely developed countries with funding being directed to those worst affected Predicted losses to be faced in terms of GDP are between 5% and as high as 10% for some African countries, making the relevance of this fund all the clearer

Courtesy:AfricanDevelopmentBank

Decisivedeterminationsonwhowouldpayandhowmuch they would pay and who would be the beneficiaries of the fund would sadly only be decided at the next COP. COP27 saw large sums of money given to various (3) clean energy projects to help in the push for a reduction in fossil fuels. Significant contributions include ones made to particularly the Namibian green hydrogen projects and to South Africa in the decommissioning of or repurposing of the state-owned electricity utility towards renewable andcleanenergy.

On a broader continental level, the African Development Bank (AfDB) through its Sustainable Energy Fund for Africa (SEFA) initiative, received 64 million USD in financing towards sustainable energy projects from Norway and Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet (GEAPP) Such financing options towards African basedactionsserveavitalroleinachievingelectrification access especially in areas that are hard to reach and dealingwithmarginalbusinesscases

TheRealQuestionthereforeis: IsitaJustEnergyTransitionoraCleanEnergy Pathway?

Withthebulkoftheemissionsemanatingfromtheenergy industry and particularly the oil and gas industry, it comes as little surprise that a bulk of the discussions at theCOPwerearoundthistopic Onesentimentthatis

friendly measures in a way that is fair and inclusive of as many people as possible by focusing on creation of work opportunities and ensuring no one is left behind. One thing that was reiterated is that the African agenda when it comes to climate change needs to be led by African leaders and communities for it to be viable and equitable to people living on the continent These discussions remain especially relevant with over 50% of Africa being unelectrified according to the African Development Bank

What do you think was the most notable take away from COP27 and do you feel issues unique to Africa were properly accounted for?

Readings:

https://www un org/africarenewal/magazine/june2022/africa%E2%80%99s-chief-climate-negotiator-wemust-have-tangible-and-actionable-climate

https://www un org/osaa/news/africa%E2%80%99spractical-realities-cop-27-and-beyond-food-energy-andclimate-nexus

https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/november2022/millions-pledged-africa-adaptation-accelerationevent

https://www un org/africarenewal/magazine/november2022/just-transition-renewable-energy-%C2%A0africa https://unfccc int/topics/adaptation-and-resilience/thebig-picture/what-do-adaptation-to-climate-change-andclimate-resilience-mean

https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/agriculture/ourinsights/winning-in-africas-agriculturalmarket#: :text=Agriculture%20in%20Africa%20has%20a,fu ll%20agricultural%20potential%20remains%20untapped

Courtesy:Pexels:MarkusSpiske

Eco-tourism - the future of Conservation

AUTHOR: Kina Indongo CommunicationsSpecialist@RDJPublishing

Courtesy:RobertoKruger

Around the world natural environments are shifting, shrinking and even disappearing entirely. Additionally, wildlife are experiencing

new and intensified threats to their natural habitats Is Eco-tourism the Future of Conservation? RDJ Publishing explores the Okonjima Nature Reserve’s eco-tourism as a shining light of conservation.

Eco- tourism is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment, sustains the wellbeing of the local people, and involves interpretation and education

The formation of the Okonjima Nature Reserve was only possible as the result of tourism. Unlike other private reserves, 80% of investment into the Okonjima Nature Reserve has come from Okonjima Lodges rather than external investors As such, Okonjima is an example of how tourism can contribute to conservation and, as the tourists are coming to experience the Reserve, how

conservation is supporting tourism. The AfriCat Foundation and the Okonjima guides facilitate that link; research coordinated by the Foundation, including data collection by the guides, improves the management of the Reserve and provides information to share with the tourists, via the guides. Thanks to the information and analysis generated by AfriCat, Okonjima guides are able to tell the unique life stories of the animals in the Reserve. “Okonjima guests are not just looking at an animal in a tree Our guides here see the animals on a daily basis and recognize them as individuals They are able to inform the guests about what we are learning from our research to give our visitors a better understanding of conservation.” Ms. Codling. To complete the cycle, the majority of AfriCat funding comes from Okonjima guests either through direct donations or via fees for Okonjima trails and activities in the Reserve.

As the CEO of Okonjima, Mr Hanssen has been able to compare the economics of a variety of land uses

Assuming an average farm size of 5,000 hectares, he quotes figures that he compiled some years ago – average turnover of a cattle farm, cattle & hunting farm, specialist hunting farm and guest farm was $300, $750, $1750 and $3,000/hectare respectively. Additionally, the number of employees was greater for each type of land use and the turnover of guest farms can be significantly greater because the number of guests is almost unlimited Of course, investment is needed in guest farms in terms of building the lodge and creating an ‘activity’ for guests to do Okonjima’s experience is that tourism is the most lucrative form of land use and has the advantage of utilising wildlife, and indeed the environment, nonconsumptively, so directly contributing to its conservation.

Plans for the Future

The Okonjima/AfriCat story is one of learning and change; both have grown and developed symbiotically, learnt from experience and responded to change and new opportunities Plans for the future therefore include learning from the ravages of Covid and mitigating climate change. Experts estimate that as a result of climate change, the mean annual temperature in Namibia will increase 2 7 degrees Celsius in the next two decades, and that annual precipitation will decrease by 7% This would cause more frequent and longer droughts, more heat waves, and even increased flooding as rain patterns change in some parts of the country Mr Hanssen feels Okonjima may already be seeing these impacts; he has lived on Okonjima for more than 50 years but the driest and the wettest years have both occurred in the last five years It then becomes more imperative that wildlife and habitat protection includes climate mitigation and

adaptation Climate solutions must promote conservation, while conservation efforts must work to counter climate change “What we know for sure is entering into a new era in our climate and it's up to us to act now to build resilience so we can better handle floods and dry periods.” Mr. Hanssen. At the same time, the collapse of tourism as a result of Covid highlighted the need for contingency planning Mr Hanssen’s strategy is to improve operational efficiency, build up a nest egg and enable Okonjima to be self-reliant Lodge operations have already been more efficient; while pre-Covid Okonjima required 62% occupancy to breakeven, it now requires only 40%. This greater profitability enables a nest egg to be built up. All homes and operations are switching over to solar to be self-reliant on power and Okonjima’s vegetable garden is being redesigned to enhance food self-reliance There are also plans to further develop the Reserve including, land improvement through debushing and use of the cut bush for the production of charcoal for local use, and production of biochar and wood vinegar to plough back into the soil to replenish nutrients. Dams and water sources will be beautified, road design is being adapted to reduce run-off and fire-breaks are being expanded for climate change mitigation The ultimate objective is to ensure the long-term protection of the Okonjima Nature Reserve, including its contribution to conservation, and as the home of Okonjima Lodges, the AfriCat Foundation and the Hanssen family. Mr. Hanssen urges visitors of the Okonjima Game Reserve “To find the time to be still in the natural environment and feel the pulse of nature and take that feeling and spread the importance of that feeling of that natural pulse to everyone you know There is an Indian saying that ‘when all the animals die all the humans will die from a loneliness of spirit ” -Mr Hanssen

Courtesy:YasinKirsch

A Shining example of ConservationOkonjima Nature Reserve and Okonjima Lodges

AUTHOR: Kina Indongo CommunicationsSpecialist@RDJPublishing

This month, in order to explore strategies for wildlife conservation and its impact on the environment and the economy, the RDJ Briefing

asked for an interview with the director of a carnivore conservation foundation What we discovered however was a wonderfully symbiotic relationship between a conservation foundation, a tourism facility and a private wildlife reserve that serves as a model for sustainable conservation, eco-tourism, climate-change mitigation and self-reliance.

The Okonjima Nature Reserve is a 220 square kilometers private reserve 50km south of Otjiwarongo that is home to Okonjima Lodges, a collection of tourism facilities ranging from an exclusive private villa to a series of campsites, and the AfriCat Foundation dedicated to wildlife conservation, in particular carnivores. We interviewed Mr. Hanssen, the CEO of Okonjima Lodges, one of the founders of the AfriCat Foundation and the inspiration behind the Okonjima Nature Reserve and Ms Codling, the Coordinator of the AfriCat Foundation

During a leisurely interview on a typical Namibian sunny day Mr Hanssen and Ms Codling explained how Mr Hanssen and his sisters converted their family cattle farm into a wildlife reserve and built up a profitable tourism business, established a conservation foundation and through trial and error identified the best way they could contribute to conservation, and learnt lessons from the Covid pandemic that they now use to ensure the sustainability of the Okonjima Nature Reserve

Sustainable conservation

Mr Hanssen’s parents bought Okonjima when he was a boy His family were cattle farmers and like all cattle farmers, suffered substantial losses due to cattle falling prey to wildlife such as leopards, losing on average 15 to 20 cattle a year. And like all farmers, they resorted to shooting the leopards, or hosting hunters to shoot the leopards But Mr Hanssen felt their ‘solution’ wasn’t working and set up home-made camera traps to try to understand what was going on From his cameras he came to understand that “Whenever an adult leopard kills a calf and you subsequently shoot that leopard, several younger leopards would move into the farm. What we learned was the larger male leopards would keep their territory free of competitors Younger leopards are not territorial yet and do not mind being together So now you have 3-4 young male leopards on your farm, whereas before you only had one older one and young leopards,

still honing their hunting skills are much more likely to become habitual livestock hunters, whereas established males will only take livestock opportunistically Trying to remove predators can therefore lead to more predators, with a preference for livestock.” With this knowledge, the family tried other strategies to reduce calf losses, eventually learning that keeping calves with herdsmen during the day and in mobile kraals at night, greatly reduced losses Excited by their findings, they attempted to convince other farmers to adopt similar strategies, even forming a Foundation – called the AfriCat Foundation - to fund human-wildlife conflict advocacy.

But the average Namibian farmer proved resistant; they were unconvinced and reluctant to spend money on herdsmen and kraals Instead, many asked the fledgling Foundation to remove cheetahs and leopards caught on their farms Rather than refuse, which would put the animal at risk of being shot and close off communication with the farmer, the Foundation removed the captured animals and released them onto farms where they were welcome or at least tolerated. Territorial individuals were kept at AfriCat for several months before being released to reduce the chances of them returning to the farm where they had been captured Farmers were concerned that this ‘rescue and release’ strategy was merely “circulating the problem” however and put pressure on the Ministry of Environment and Tourism to limit rescue and release permits. Attempts to instead release unwanted carnivores into national parks also failed when export of carnivores out of Namibia was curtailed, in part to prevent wild-caught carnivores ending up in the canned hunting (Canned hunting is the killing of captivebred wild animals in small enclosures It is most commonly associated with the trophy-hunting of lions in South Africa) business in South Africa. Even an attempt to release cheetahs into the Okonjima Nature Reserve was not successful, due to a naturally occurring high density of leopards in the Reserve and cheetahs' need for large home ranges

Protected areas

The experience led AfriCat to change strategy; they had had little success in trying to change livestock management strategies in order to address human wildlife conflict, relocation of carnivores was not possible and not a solution if animals tried to return to their home ranges, and maintaining rescued carnivores in captivity was not contributing to their conservation Continuing to

“What we are doing here is important to contribute to the study of conservation. The research and data collected here can be mirrored in other protected areas or game management areas.”

-Mr.Hanssen

Courtesy:AngeliqueSmith Kirsch

draw on their own experiences, the Foundation looked at the Okonjima Nature Reserve The 220 square kilometer Reserve was created in a phased approach from the original family cattle farm In the early days, the cattle farm hosted hunters as a secondary source of income When it became clear that hunting the leopards was not the solution to cattle losses from leopards, the family switched to hosting first birders and then tourists wanting to see wildlife Eventually the remaining cows were sold and the family focused on tourism as the primary source of income The dream at the time was that the Okonjima guest farm would co-exist with neighboring livestock and game farming neighbors, with each farm consumptively and non-consumptively using wildlife that moved freely between the farms. It became clear however that this was not sustainable. As a wildlife tourism facility, wildlife on Okonjima were protected but when they went to neighboring farms, they were at risk of being hunted It was therefore reluctantly decided that the Okonjima Nature Reserve had to be fenced to protect the animals within

An estimated 42% of Namibia’s landmass is under some form of conservationmanagement,includingprivatereserves,suchasthe OkonjimaNatureReserve ResearchbytheAfriCatFoundationhas confirmedthattheOkonjimaNatureReserveisabletosupporta high density of naturally-occurring leopard and brown hyena, therebycontributingtotheirconservation.Moreover,theReserve is so far completely sustainable; “management” is limited to providing water, maintaining roads, fences and firebreaks, and occasionally removing excess herbivores through game capture The Okonjima Nature Reserve is thus an example of how an enclosed protected area can contribute to conservation and the AfriCatisthereforefocusedonresearchinganddocumentingthe ecology of the flora and fauna within the Reserve to support management and policy development on this conservation strategy. The Reserve also offers the opportunity to research lesser-known and normally-elusive species because they have grown accustomed to the presence of humans For example, the AfriCat Pangolin Research Project is one of only a handful of projectsstudyingfree-roamingpangolins

Courtesy:JANDREGERMISHUIZEN

Green hydrogen gives rail a new life!

AUTHOR: Junias David Researcher@RDJConsulting

Courtesy:CMB

As with all nascent actions, the move towards sustainable development provides opportunities to do things different

Delving further from where the RDJ Briefing team’s Synthetic Fuels research and piece left off, this month looks into transportation developments in Namibia specifically at the HyRail Namibia Project!

The project is named HyRail Namibia, in alignment with its goal of introducing green hydrogen as a fuel for locomotives in Namibia Clean energy-powered locomotives are undoubtedly the future with the utmost hope placed on green hydrogen energy replacing or at a minimum displacing fossil fuel demand While trains and locomotives are not the go-to transportation mode for passenger movement generally, the need for bulk cargo transport is critical to economic development.

Amongst other countries across the world that are in pursuit of sustainable energy use and development, Namibia is not far behind in the pursuit of upgrading its railway transportation yet to dual-fuel (hydrogen and diesel) as a first phase approach for locomotives.

Green hydrogen as a locomotive fuel

The world’s first-ever green hydrogen-powered passenger train had its engine roar to life in Bremervörde, Lower Saxony, Germany (CNN Travel) Green hydrogen-powered passenger trains have an economic advantage as they are primarily emissions-free and low-noise, with only steam and condensed water issuing from the exhaust.

They have a general range of 1,000 kilometers (621 miles), meaning they can run for 6 – 8 hours dependent on conditions on a network on a single tank of hydrogen

Nasi Hako, a writer at ESI Africa narrates Namibia’s green hydrogen masterplan - The Hyphen Technical-led consortium proposes to convert two traditional dieselelectric locomotives to dual-fuel using hydrogen technology developed over two decades by technology partner, CMB TECH The Hydrogen technology is provided by CMB TECH and the hydrogen fuel will be provided by Cleanergy Solutions Namibia, which is developing a green hydrogen production facility near Walvis Bay

The locomotive industry in Namibia besides being hopeful of being green hydrogen-powered, is also focusing on the maintenance and upgrade of railway routes The major upgraded railway in Namibia is between Kranzberg and Tsumeb and is expected to be completed in 2023 TransNamib's Chief Executive Officer, Mr Johny Smith commented on the project noting that the upgrades will allow TransNamib to transport more freight on this route through a much safer and faster means of transport, considering the current limitation of speed restrictions on this route

There is always more to discuss as the conversation continues at briefing@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings:

https://edition cnn com/travel/article/coradia-ilinthydrogen-trains/index html

https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/futureenergy/namibia-pilot-projects-to-introduce-new-greenhydrogen-locomotivefuel/#:~:text=HyRail%20Namibia%3A%20Introducing%2 0green%20hydrogen,technology%20is%20provided%20 by%20CMB

https://allafrica com/stories/202211140194 html https://www namibianewsdigest com/transnamibneeds-n-dollars-15-billion-to-upgrade-440-kmkranzberg-tsumeb-route/

Youth In Action

Impact of rural electrification: Olivia’s Story

Interviewed by Ms Kina Indongo (Communications Specialist @ RDJ Publishing)

Olivia’s story is a small snapshot into the social benefits and the importance of rural electrification Olivia is not alone in having

to deal with these developmental challenges of global significance The United Nations framework aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and in this case, SDG7 1 looking at Access to Energy, indicates the seriousness of the challenge.

The global region, most affected by the lack of electrification is Africa, specifically Sub-Saharan Africa Added to which, the access to electricity can fulfil all the conditions necessary for economic growth, with the clear understanding that energy is required for work to be performed Electrification of remote rural areas is essential for access to new opportunities of work, education benefits for students, improved health outcomes, reduced mortality and increased security.

With Namibia having high levels of solar radiation and the infrastructure investment requirements of solar power now tending to be generally lower in cost, has meant it is increasingly being promoted as a costefficient and clean alternative to conventional grid expansion in remote areas.

The Green People Energy (GPE) program through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH, (GIZ) in Namibia recently completed a pilot rural electrification program utilising renewable energies. The program aims to use decentralised Renewable Energy systems for rural social institutions in off-grid areas.

Five (5) Solar electricity systems were installed at identified schools along with solar water heaters at two (2) school hostels in the Northern regions of Namibia, additionally 35 staff members of the beneficiary social institutions were trained on operations and maintenance to help facilitate good running and care of the systems.

The RDJ Publishing team had the rare opportunity to speak to Olivia, a student from one of the participating GPE schools and garnered insight on how this electrification program has impacted her education journey The interview occurred on the backdrop of the GIZ implemented “Electrification Day” held in Windhoek on 22 November 2022 where various stakeholders were brought together to look at what was needed to “Accelerate Electrification” in the face of universal access by 2040.

Courtesy:RDJConsulting

Olivia a former student from the Omuuni Combined School in the Okongo Constituency, that hosts 500 learners from preschool to grade nine (9) gave various insights through her speech at the event and as a beneficiary and impacted individual. Olivia says that before the school had electricity her educational journey felt significantly more difficult as simple tasks such as studying and doing homework had to be done by candlelight, and tasks such as collecting firewood for cooking took a lot of her time However, since the electrification a renewed hope has been brought to the students’ in regards to academic progress and outlook.

She went on to identify that an additional social impact of the electrification project on the Omuuni Combined school is the ability to retain younger qualified educators in the remote region, lack of electricity was a big threat to the ability to recruit and retain adequate educators “Most of the teachers could not cope with the situation and often we switched teachers which affected the students negatively, it was very confusing keeping

up with all the different teaching styles ” Said Oliva This problem was exacerbated by teachers having no access to printing facilities that required electricity, “Everything had to be done by hand, even our reports were hand written by our teachers.” Added Olivia.

Although the hypothesis that access to electricity in rural areas will result in a significant social change may yet to be unquestionably empirically proven, ultimately, a lack of clean energy access diminishes educational and business opportunities for community members It must be further noted that the Green People Energy (GPE) project also looks out for the energy needs of small and micro enterprises, as means to support economic growth in rural areas. Additionally, solar companies will be incentivised through a results-based financing mechanism to expand their distribution structures into rural areas

As always, the conversation continues at briefing@rdjpublishing.africa

Courtesy:RDJConsulting

TENDERS & CAREERS

DATES:17DECEMBER-1JANUARY2023

Debmarine Namibia

Description: Re-

advertisement: Debmarine Namibia hereby invites expressions of interest for the following: Sustainable diesel fuel for MV Debmar

Atlantic Scope of work: A number of biofuels variants exist exhibiting various properties and performance attributes It is therefore important to understand the behavior and performance attributes of possible available variants under Debmarine Namibia operating environment, thus necessitating a pilot fuel use study. Therefore, Debmarine Namibia requires renewable/biofuel (B100) in the range of 100m³ to 200m³ to be Plated on Wartsila (8R32N and 8L32) engines commencing on the second half of 2023. In addition, the fuel sustainability status shall be traceable from feedstock to tank (well-to tank) in order to allow for the quantification of the total well-to-wake greenhouse gas emissions. Bid Closing Date: 17 December 2022

NamPort Description: Bids are invited through Open National Bidding (ONB) procedures for the

Installation of Standby

Power for the Port of Walvis Bay - South Gate

Bid Closing date: 1

January 2023

Municipality of Okahandja

Description: Municipality of Okahandja hereby invites reputable and experienced SMS companies for the procurement of refuse removal within the Municipal Area of Okahandja for the period 2023-2025

Bid Closing date: 20 December 2022

Karasburg Town Council

Description: Karasburg Town Council hereby invites qualified, competent and registered Namibian companies to submit offers for the following: Compilation of asset register for movable and immovable assets

Bid Closing date: 29 December 2022

DATES:15DECEMBER-23DECEMBER

Sanlam Namibia

Position: Internal Audit Specialist

Closing Date: 16 December 2022

Position: Affluent Distribution & Administrative Support

Closing Date: 19 December 2022

Position:Marketing and Communication Manager

Closing Date: 23 December 2022

JABU

Position: Senior Data Engineer

Closing Date: See Website

Position: Product Manager

Closing Date: See Website

Position: Lead Engineer Closing Date: See Website

Position: Full Stack Developer

Closing Date: See Website

Position: Data Analyst

Closing date: See Website

Namibia Breweries

Position: Mechanical Technician (m/f)

Closing Date: 22 December 2022

Hangana Seafood Position: Mechanical Technician (m/f)

Closing Date: 15 December 2022

Position: Assistant Marine Electrician (m/f)

Closing Date: 15 December 2022

O&L Leisure

Position: Food & Beverage Supervisor (m/f)

Closing Date: 20 December 2022

Namibia Dairies

Position: Manager Engineering (m/f)

Closing Date: 21 December 2022

Position: Process Controller (m/f)

Closing Date: 16 December 2022

Hartlief Position: Payroll Practitioner (m/f)

Closing Date: 16 December 2022

C O N T R I B U T I N G A U T H O R S

DAVIDJARRETT Editor

NICOLEFELIX

CHILOMBOOLGAPRISCILA Designers/Layout

RENEEJARRETT GroupExecutive

AMAKHOE//HOABES

Sales&BusinessConsultant

DAVIDJARRETT

(ManagingConsultant)

RDJConsultingServicesCC

CHILOMBOOLGAPRISCILA

(Group-OperationsManager/ Economist)

RDJConsultingServicesCC

KINAINDONGO (CommunicationsContributor)

RDJConsultingServicesCC

HANNAHBRENDELL (PolicySpecialist-Intern)

RDJConsultingServicesCC

JUNIAS DAVID (ResearcherandPA)

RDJConsultingServicesCC