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Title
Biology O-Level Paper-2 Workbook (Article# 202)
Published by
Read & Write Publications.
Printed by
Read & Write Publications.
Composed Department
Sharjeel Khan, Salman Buksh, Hayat, Shahab, Waqas, M. Awais, Ahmar Farooq
Graphics Department
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Legal Advisor
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Edition:
2018 Edition
Price
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CONTENTS UNIT 1 1.1
1.2
UNIT 2 2.1
2.2
2.3
UNIT 3 3.1
3.2
3.3 UNIT 4 4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Cell structure and organisation --------------------------------------------------------------------Plant and animal cells (Section-A) -------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Plant and animal cells -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Specialised cells, tissues and organs (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Specialised cells, tissues and organs (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 7 11 12 15 17 19 20 22
Diffusion and osmosis --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Osmosis (Section-A) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Osmosis (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Active transport (Section-B) --------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23 23 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 35
Enzymes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enzyme action (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Enzyme action (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Effects of temperature and pH (Section-A) ---------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Effects of temperature and pH (Section-B) ---------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36 36 37 38 39 40 43 44 45 46 47
Plant nutrition --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Photosynthesis (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Photosynthesis (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Leaf structure (Section-A) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Leaf structure (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mineral nutrition (Section-A) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mineral nutrition (Section-B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
48 48 56 58 61 62 65 66 69 71 73 74 75 76 82 84 86
UNIT 5 5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
UNIT 6 6.1
6.2
6.3
UNIT 7 7.1
7.2
Animal nutrition -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nutrients (Section-A) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nutrients (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Diet (Section-A) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Diet (Section-B) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------World food supplies (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------World food supplies (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Human alimentary canal (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Human alimentary canal (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chemical digestion (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chemical digestion (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Absorption and assimilation (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Absorption and assimilation (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
87 87 89 90 91 92 97 99 101 102 103 104 106 107 112 114 117 118 123 125 127 128 132 134 136 137 147 149 152
Transport in flowering plants -----------------------------------------------------------------------Water and ion uptake (Section-A) --------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Water and ion uptake (Section-B) --------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Transpiration and translocation (Section-A) --------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Transpiration and translocation (Section-B) --------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple topics (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple topics (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
154 154 159 160 161 162 174 178 184 187 190 191 193
Transport in humans ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Circulatory system (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Circulatory system (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
195 195 211 215 221 224 227 228 229
UNIT 8 8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
UNIT 9 9.1
9.2
9.3
UNIT 10 10.1
10.2
UNIT 11 11.1
11.2
11.3
Respiration -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Aerobic respiration (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Aerobic respiration (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Anaerobic respiration (Section-A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Anaerobic respiration (Section-B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Human gas exchange (Section-A) --------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Human gas exchange (Section-B) --------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
230 230 232 233 234 235 238 239 240 241 247 250 253 255 260 262 266
Excretion --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Structure and function of kidneys (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Structure and function of kidneys (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Kidney dialysis (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Kidney dialysis (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
268 268 271 272 274 275 276 277 279 280 282 283 286
Homeostasis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Structure and function of the skin (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Structure and function of the skin (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
288 288 291 292 293 294 296 297 299
Coordination and response -------------------------------------------------------------------------Nervous system (Section-A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nervous system (Section-B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Receptors (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Receptors (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reflex action (Section-A) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reflex action (Section-B) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
301 301 302 303 305 306 310 311 313 314 315 316 319
11.4
11.5
UNIT 12 12.1
12.2
12.3 UNIT 13 13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
UNIT 14 14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4 UNIT 15 15.1
Hormones (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hormones (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
321 323 324 326 327 329 330 332
Support, movement and locomotion -------------------------------------------------------------Joints (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Antagonistic muscles (Section-A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Antagonistic muscles (Section-B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
333 333 334 335 338 339 340 341 342
The use and abuse of drugs ------------------------------------------------------------------------Antibiotics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Antibiotics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Effects of alcohol (Section-A) --------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Effects of alcohol (Section-B) --------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Effects of tobacco smoke (Section-A) ---------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Effects of tobacco smoke (Section-B) ---------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
343 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 355 356 357 358 360 361 362
Microorganisms and biotechnology -------------------------------------------------------------Microorganisms (Section-A) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Microorganisms (Section-B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Food biotechnology (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Food biotechnology (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Industrial biotechnology (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Industrial biotechnology (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
363 363 368 370 372 373 377 379 381 382 383 384 388 390 391
Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment -----------Energy flow (Section-A) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
392 392
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.9
UNIT 16 16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4 16.5 UNIT 17 17.1
Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Energy flow (Section-B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Food chains and food webs (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Food chains and food webs (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Carbon cycle (Section-A) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Carbon cycle (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nitrogen cycle (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nitrogen cycle (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Parasitism (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Parasitism (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Effects of humans on the ecosystem (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pollution (Section-A) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pollution (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Conservation (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-B) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
398 400 403 405 409 410 413 414 415 416 417 418 421 422 423 424 426 427 429 430 431 432 435 436 438 439 440 441 448 450 452
Development of organisms and continuity of life -------------------------------------------Asexual reproduction (Section-A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Asexual reproduction (Section-B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sexual reproduction in plants (Section-A) ----------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sexual reproduction in plants (Section-B) ----------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sexual reproduction in humans (Section-A) --------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sexual reproduction in humans (Section-B) --------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sexually transmitted diseases (Section-B) ---------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
453 453 455 456 457 458 481 488 496 500 512 516 524 528 531 533 536
Inheritance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Variation (Section-A) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Variation (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
537 537 539 540 541
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5 17.6
Chromosomes and DNA (Section-A) ----------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chromosomes and DNA (Section-B) ----------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Monohybrid inheritance (Section-A) ------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Monohybrid inheritance (Section-B) ------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Selection (Section-A) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Selection (Section-B) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (B) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Genetic engineering (Section-A) ----------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Multiple Topics (Section-A) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Answers Section (A) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
542 546 547 548 549 556 558 564 567 571 572 574 575 579 581 586
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16