MEET transitional housing in BERLIN
MEET transitional housing in BERLIN
Photos by Howard Schatz
CONNECTION gives meaning to our lives. this is what it’s all about... The one thing that keeps us out of connection is our fear that we’re not worthy of that connection.” -BRENE BROWN
BERLIN: JANUARY 1, 2014. Bulgaria and Romania receive full member status in the European Union. Labor restrictions that had been in place since 2007 were lifted, and immigrants from these impoverished nations are increasingly emmigrating to strong economies acrouss Europe.
For Germany, it is not a matter of walling off the country from immigration, but about creating
successful
conditions integration.
6
for
g deru n
the largest numbers of homeless people in Berlin
are between the ages of 15-30. these young adults
are drawn to rapidly gentrifying areas, such as Neukรถlln, in eastern Berlin.
arm utst
zuw an
THE IMMIGRATION OF POVERTY.
Neukolln park,
is centered around a large
Richardplatz
(above).
many
immigrants have settled here due to its once impoverished status, however, the area is set to become a booming real estate investment in the next few years.
gentrification
can actually work in
the favor of transitional housing shelters, providing opportunities for lower income residents to assimilate into or out of the area, and provide a connection between the new wave of people moving in and the old wave of people moving out.
7
site model
8
CONCEPT
10
DESIGN part I : public space
22
part 2: private space 44
TECHNICAL
INDEX
58
9
10
conc ept
meet | homelessness
12
connection | parti
14
organizational diagram
16
architectural logic concept adjacency rendering
18 20 21
11
MEET HOMELESSNESS is rarely a choice. disability,
mental
history of family violence,
illness,
unemployment,
addiction,
and
a
governmental
and
socioeconmic
issues
are
commonly
handful
linked
of
with
homelessness. The underlying thread in these commonalities, however, is
stigma and discrimination from a broader community. 12
concept sketches
met : verb : to come into the presence of (someone) by chance or arrangement. : to fulfill or satisfy (a need, requirement, or condition).
People are social beings. We walk by people every day on the street, interact with them in small moments, asking “how are you?� without even blinking. We rarely recognize that instant spark that connects us to the people around us.
how can design provide a connection to humanity? concept models
13
CONNECTION In
comparison
US,
to
Germany
more
has
the a
comprehensive
national welfare system that
includes
opportunities
service for
homeless.
the
Benefits
extended to its citizens and
habitants
income,
shelter,
include health
care and other needs.
14
Berlin is notorious for extending services such as job training to its people, even going so far as to house homeless civic buildings that are not in use. In providing job training, special consideration must be given to the working poor when solidifying the link between shelter and employment
work has real and symbolic importance. architecturally, this is translated to mean the meeting of spaces in a way that facilitates this connection.
PARTI STUDIES 15
ORGANIZATION inspired by the connections of the section parti and dictated by the maximum clearance between the columns, the organizational diagram utilizes angles set on a skewed grid. this clearance maximizes site lines in the larger open spaces, giving a rectilinear grid a motivational energy.
organizational diagram
16
study model
process work
17
18
LOGIC combining the skewed grid with the existing columnar grid resulted in the formation of the below shapes. the programmatic needs of the space then informed the shapes of each individual space, resulting in a logic based on the needs of the user in each space.
stable intimate space
motivational communal space
directional circulation space
19
CONCEPT transformative volumes are set on a skewed grid, connected by a main circulation stair within each component of the space (public + private). the skewed grid maximizes clear lines of sight within the spaces. volumes transform from static, rectilinear volumes in the more secure spaces to rhombuses with one skewed edge in the intermediate spaces, and finally a parallelogram forms the most open, circuitous spaces.
section parti
organizational diagram
20
patio
caseworker
PRIVATE caseworker
PUBLIC
clinic CHECK-in
section depicting adjacencies
21
22
PUBL IC
process sketches axonometric | public plan level plan mezzanine rendering | cafe section | cafe
24 25 26 27 28 30
palette | cafe
32
rendering | vintage shop
34
palette | vintage shop
34
lighting design
36
wayfinding diagram
38
security diagram
39
23
24
process sketches
axonometric rendering back alley view into vintage shop
the street level is all about the connection to the community. a cafe greets users as they enter the space, and a vintage store is located near the rear of the floorplate, with a back alley entrance (shown above). the existing slab contains a large open first floor. in
CONNECTION
order to maximize the space according to programmatic needs, a mezzanine level was added.
25
L
M
M
N O
K
CHECK IN
AA G
J
G
H
A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
BB
CC
DD
C G
D A
F
PLAN reception desk lobby mail receptacle admissions desk admissions lobby vitals station meeting room records server room employee lounge lab + dispensary ANSI unisex restroom ANSI shower room shower room
PUBLIC SPACE
B
P Q R
E
day room women’s restroom men’s restroom
VINTAGE STORE S T U V W X
S P
point of sale sales floor display counter dressing room ANSI dressing room donations + storage
COFFEE SHOP Y Z T
U
point of sale pick up area
UTILITY Y
AA BB CC DD EE FF GG
electrical closet telphone closet staff elevator storage mechanical closet freight elevators janitor’s closet
Z V
W
R
Q
X
GG
EE
26
FF
1
PLAN
G
J K
reception desk lobby shared office vitals station exam room employee lounge laundry ANSI unisex restroom ANSI shower room shower room
E
L M N O
D
PUBLIC SPACE women’s restroom men’s restroom meeting space
BB
E
E
display pantry test kitchen walk-in cooler dry storage
AA
E
CULINARY TRAINING
P Q R
H
F
CLINIC A B C D E F G H J K
H
E
CC
A
B
DD
C
UTILITY AA BB CC DD EE FF
electrical closet telphone closet staff elevator storage mechanical closet freight elevators
N
M
L
O
R
N P
1M
Q
GG
O
EE
FF
27
28
COFFEE SHOP
the coffee shop is the first area the user experiences when entering the public spaces of the project. this space provides an initial meeting point between residents who staff the shop and members of the community. this project was first inspired by that initial meeting between a guest and the staff.
29
30
COFFEE SHOP
31
PALLETE existing shell
32
existing slab
the pallet for the coffee shop utilizes upcycled and reused materials in congruence with the sustainable strategy. the existing shell and existing slab are left exposed, with crisp accent furniture to contrast the rough hewn textures of the existing environment.
sherwin williams | navel |SW6887 underside of mezannine
vintage frames mezzanine wall
roll & hill | rudie pendant fixture in seating area
acoustic panels | luca nichetto booth seating area
upcycled construction fencing backed with recycled glass custom railing mister by maharam | 005 mister greenguard certified
der grune punkt “the green dot� is the symbol of the European network of recycling materials from consumer goods. recycled materials used as sustainability strategy in this project are noted by the green dot symbol throughout.
not a wooden spoon berlin furniture co. custom upcycled chairs, plank collection seating area
upcycled plywood custom benches, custom millwork
33
34
VINTAGE SHOP
i n keeping with the sustainable strategy of recycling materials, the vintage store accepts donations from the community offered at a lightly used price. the vintagee shop also provides residents of the shelter the opportunity to work in a retail capacity.
35
PALLETE existing shell
36
existing slab
in keeping a consistent feel in the public spaces, the vintage store utilizes a similar palatte to the coffee shop. the custom millwork piece is made from upcycled floorboards by local Berlin designer matthew appleby.
matthew appleby custom millwork using reclaimed floorboards (example above)
sherwin williams | navel |SW6887 custom millwork piece
upcycled plywood custom display panels
upcycled construction fencing backed with recycled glass custom railing
rift sofa | patricia urquiola entry lobby + nodal points
37
L
M
M
N O
K
CHECK IN
AA G
J
G
H
A B C D E F G H J K L M N O
BB
CC
DD
C G
D A
F
PLAN reception desk lobby mail receptacle admissions desk admissions lobby vitals station meeting room records server room employee lounge lab + dispensary ANSI unisex restroom ANSI shower room shower room
PUBLIC SPACE
B
P Q R
E
day room women’s restroom men’s restroom
VINTAGE STORE S T U V W X
S P
point of sale sales floor display counter dressing room ANSI dressing room donations + storage
COFFEE SHOP Y Z T
U
point of sale pick up area
UTILITY Y
AA BB CC DD EE FF GG
electrical closet telphone closet staff elevator storage mechanical closet freight elevators janitor’s closet
Z V
W
R
Q
X
GG
EE
38
FF
1
PLAN
G
J K
reception desk lobby shared office vitals station exam room employee lounge laundry ANSI unisex restroom ANSI shower room shower room
E
L M N O
D
PUBLIC SPACE women’s restroom men’s restroom meeting space
BB
E
E
display pantry test kitchen walk-in cooler dry storage
AA
E
CULINARY TRAINING
P Q R
H
F
CLINIC A B C D E F G H J K
H
E
CC
A
B
DD
C
UTILITY AA BB CC DD EE FF
electrical closet telphone closet staff elevator storage mechanical closet freight elevators
N
M
L
O
R
N P
1M
Q
GG
O
EE
FF
39
LIGHTING FIELD LIGHTING lightolier prismalyte surface 2x2 LED fixture mark architectural lighting stick pendant florescent 4’-8’ nominal length lightolier tangent suspended LED 6’ nominal length cooper industries recessed incandescent downlight 4” diameter elevator lobby: 3form organic varia ecoresin backlit panel
see perspective at right
ACCENT LIGHTING reception + admissions: bec brittain custom SHY fixture LED pendant lamps stair: evolight LED light bar 4” reveal 11’ nominal lenghts dayroom: stuart haygarth, tide custom incandescent fixture 5’-0”diameter cafe: roll & hill rudie pendant fixture 2’-6” height restrooms: OCL architectural tubie flourescent fixture 5” diameter x 2’-0”
40
1
process sketch
lightolier | suspended LED
3form installation
lightolier | 2x2 LED
mark architectural lighting | stick pendant
bec brittain | SHY line
roll & hill | rudie
the lighting strategy of the first level was to incorporate a wide range of field lighting to serve the programmatic needs of the space. the accent lighting serves as a territorial marking. the stuart haygarth piece introduces the open day room space to the user. OCL | tubie
stuart haygarth | tide
41
WAYFINDING the wayfinding strategy of level one was to keep lines of sight as open as possible. regions are programmatic zones and defined by a separating architectural element (stair or dropped ceiling entrance). the landmark stair separates the two public regions, with two nodal sofas indicating decision points upon entering the public space.
landmark node region
1 42
SECURITY the security design of the first level relies on clear lines of sight and the use of natural surveillance. territories are defined by a finish or ceiling treatment. soft boundaries are defined by an entrance to the rear of a counter, while hard boundaries utilize locked doors. natural surveillance public territory wellness territory soft boundary hard boundary
1 43
44
PRIV ATE
atrium rendering plan level 2 isometric rendering | typical room plan level 3 section perspective | guest rooms palette | private spaces plan PH level penthouse patio rendering
46 48 49 50 51 52 54 56
45
ATRIUM
the atrium provides a clear line of sight from the 2nd level up to the penthouse, uniting the two programmatic elements of the private space, wellness and living. the goal in creating a private area for the residents was to have services provided as well as residential units on the same level for ready access. the clear line of sights a security measure, and alllows for a greater feeling of security among users.
47
A
C
D
E
GG
WELLNESS
AA B
BB
CC
PLAN
DD
A B C D E F G H
technology lab workroom men’s restroom unisex restroom women’s restroom caseworker office director’s office atrium
LIVING
F
M
J K L M N O P Q R
O
UTILITY
N
F
J
F H
K
G
AA BB CC DD EE FF GG
kitchen laundry living room single room ANSI single room double room ANSI double room director’s apartment housekeeping closet
electrical closet telphone closet staff elevator storage mechanical closet freight elevators janitor’s closet
M L
M M Q
R
EE
48
P
FF
2
typical single room | 250 sf
in designing a private room for this transient space,
it
was
important
to
consider
the
appropriateness of scale for the user. the duration of the typical user stay is 2 weeks to 6 months; just enough time to make the space feel like their own, but transient enough to encourage the transition to affordable housing or other means. the goal of the private
sleeping rooms for
residents was to provide a space intimate enough for them to feel comfortable, but small enough to ensure the private room would not be where they spend the majority of their time.
49
A
B
C
D
GG
WELLNESS
AA
A B C D E F
BB
CC
DD
M
E
K L
E
PLAN
F E
conference room men’s restroom unisex restroom women’s restroom caseworker office atrium
LIVING G H J K L M N O
kitchen laundry living room single room double room ANSI double room director’s apartment housekeeping closet
UTILITY AA BB CC DD EE FF GG
electrical closet telphone closet staff elevator storage mechanical closet freight elevators janitor’s closet
K G
K H
O
K
J O M
EE
50
FF
3
the translation of the section parti into design is
apparent
in
the
the residential floors.
connection
between
by penetrating the
existing slab, the users are able to have an awareness of one another from unit to unit.
51
PALLETE LIVING SPACES the more private living spaces are outfitted in shades of blue. blue is asooting color and offers a distinct wayfinding mechanism for guests and users alike.
stone source ceramic tile gpl037 | gloss shower
stone source ceramic tile bone | polished entry and bathroom flooring interface 24”x24” carpet tile ab601 artic 102907 field carpeting
custom glass installation atrium
expandable shelving | michael konstantin wolke recycled bike tires, berlin based guest suites
52
rope chair | paper planet collection of recycled-paper + rope furniture created by Berlin designers Katja Hettler and Jula Tüllmann guest suites
baux sound absorption panels | fill us with love studio caseworker offices paper lane | 3form full circle caseworker offices
cairns atoll | momentum textiles sustainable contract textiles office upholstery tip-ton chair | edward barber + jay osgerby conference room + employee break areas
WELLNESS SPACES in keeping with the sustainable strategy of recycling materials, the wellness spaces utilize textiles and wall finishe materials with a high recycled content and reduced environmental impact. slow chair | ronan & erwan bouroullec common areas
53
A
B
B
GG
PLAN WELLNESS
AA
A B C D E
BB
D CC
C
DD
L
J K E
covered outdoor kitchen unisex restroom storage area outdoor patio atrium
LIVING F G H J K L M N O
kitchen laundry living room single room double room ANSI double room director’s apartment housekeeping closet
UTILITY AA BB CC DD EE FF GG
electrical closet telphone closet staff elevator storage mechanical closet freight elevators janitor’s closet
J F
J G
J
H N
EE
54
L
FF
PH
55
56
PENTHOUSE PATIO
the outdoor patio on the penthouse level is the final component of the wellness section of the program. a large open space with view to the city, residents can enjoy an environment where they feel safe yet still connected to the city around them.
57
58
TECH NICA L
OCCUPANCY + PLUMBING level 1 + mezzanine levels 2 + 3 penthouse
60 62 64
EGRESS level 1
66
penthouse
67
ANSI PLANS level 1 typical guest suite
68 69
INSPIRATION PHOTOS
70
SOURCES
71
59
OCCUPANT LOAD assembly (A-2)
1028 sf / 15 net = 68.53
assembly (A-3)
928 sf / 5 net = 185.6
business (B)*
5550 sf / 100 gross = 55.5
commercial kitchen
296 sf / 200 gross = 1.48
mercantile (M)
1058 sf / 60 gross = 17.63
storage
618 sf / 300 gross = 2.06
TOTAL
per IBC 2012, Table 1004.1.2 *primary use group
= 289
PLUMBING COUNT per IPC, 2012 Table 403.1
145 women 145 men 4 water closets 3 lavatories per gender 1 service sink potable water available at coffee shop.
1 60
OCCUPANT LOAD assembly (A-2)
389 sf / 15 net = 25.9
business (B)*
4542 sf / 100 gross = 45.42
commercial kitchen
877 sf/ 200 gross = 4.38
storage
561 sf / 300 gross = 1.87
TOTAL
per IBC 2012, Table 1004.1.2 *primary use group
= 74
PLUMBING COUNT per IPC, 2012 Table 403.1
37 men 37 women 2 water closets 2 lavatories per gender 1 service sink potable water available at coffee shop.
1M 61
OCCUPANT LOAD business (B)
5499 sf / 100 gross = 54.99
residential (R-2)
3279 sf / 50 gross = 65.58
TOTAL
per IBC 2012, Table 1004.1.2
= 121
PLUMBING COUNT per IPC, 2012 Table 403.1
61 women 61 men 3 water closets 2 lavatories per gender 1 water closet 1 lavatory 1 shower / tub per dwelling unit 1 service sink potable water available in common kitchen.
2 62
OCCUPANT LOAD business (B)
5637 sf / 100 gross = 56.37
residential (R-2)
3807 sf / 50 gross = 76.14
TOTAL
per IBC 2012, Table 1004.1.2
= 133
PLUMBING COUNT per IPC, 2012 Table 403.1
67 women 67 men 3 water closets 2 lavatories per gender 1 water closet 1 lavatory 1 shower / tub per dwelling unit 1 service sink potable water available in common kitchen.
3 63
OCCUPANT LOAD business (B)
5437 sf / 100 gross = 54.37
residential (R-2)
3191 sf / 50 gross = 63.88
storage (S)
246 sf / 300 gross = .82
TOTAL
per IBC 2012, Table 1004.1.2
= 120
PLUMBING COUNT per IPC, 2012 Table 403.1
60 women 60 men 3 water closets 2 lavatories per gender 1 water closet 1 lavatory 1 shower / tub per dwelling unit 1 service sink potable water available in common kitchen.
PH 64
EGRESS per IBC 2012
number of exits
2 exits required per occupant load 5 exits provided per IBC table 1021.2 [2]
exit width
289 O.L. x 0.15” per occupant for sprinklered spaces = 43.35” required 24-3” provided (3 exits @ 81” each)
exit remoteness 177
longest diagonal 177’-8”
” ’-8
177’-8”/ 3 = 59’-2” minimum exit remoteness per IBC table 1015.2.1 provided exit remoteness 112’-4” / 66’-11” / 90’-0”
travel distance
90’-0”
11
2’
-4
”
max travel distance allowed for 289 occupants: 250’ max [sprinklered] per IBC table 1016.2 provided: 242’-3”
common path of travel max distance allowed for 289 occupants: 100’ maxi [sprinklered] per IBC table 1014.3 provided: 96’-10”
66’-11”
1 66
EGRESS per IBC 2012
number of exits
2 exits required per occupant load 2 exits provided per IBC table 1021.2 [2]
exit width
120 O.L. x 0.15” per occupant for sprinklered spaces = 18” required 64” provided (2 exits @ 32” each)
longest diagonal 177’-8” 177’-8”/ 3 = 59’-2” minimum exit remoteness per IBC table 1015.2.1
177 ” ’-8
provided exit remoteness 130’-5”
130’-5”
exit remoteness
travel distance max travel distance allowed for 120 occupants: 250’ max [sprinklered] per IBC table 1016.2 provided: 171’-0
common path of travel max distance allowed for 120 occupants: 100’ max [sprinklered] per IBC table 1014.3 provided: 28’-11”
PH 67
ANSI PLAN per ANSI standard [A117.1, 2009] ed.]
legend 5’ turn radius 30” x 48” clear floor space door approach
accessible seating total assembly (A-3) occupant load: 69 total seats provided: 44 accessible seats provided: 2 per table 1108.2.2.1
accessible units total units provided: 21 accessible units required: 1 accessible units provided: 5 per table 1107.6.1.1
68
1
ANSI PLAN per ANSI standard [A117.1, 2009] ed.]
legend 5’ turn radius 30” x 48” clear floor space door approach
double guest room, level 3
TYP
69
INSPIRATION
70
Anderson, R. (1998). Street as metaphor in housing for the homeless. Journal of Social Distress and The Homeless, 6(1), 1-12. Asterisk: A family of brass chandeliers. (2014, March 12). . Retrieved April 7, 2014, from http://design-milk.com/asterix-family-geomeric-brass-chandeliers/?utm_ source=Design+Milk+Newsletter&utm_campaign=89aabcb606-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1033d478fd-89aab cb606-21270705 BAUX SOUND ABSORBING WALL PANELS BY FORM US WITH LOVE. (2014, February 25). . Retrieved April 28, 2014, from http://design-milk.com/baux-sound-absorbing-wall-panels-form-us-love/?utm_source=Design+Milk+Newsletter&utm_cam paign=8e1af2627d-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1033d478fd-8e1af2627d-21270705 Bec Britain: Lighting Designer. (2014, January 1). . Retrieved April 9, 2014, from http://www.yatzer.com/bec-brittain-design Berlin urges bulgaria, romania to integrate roma. (2013, February 19). Spiegel . Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-interior-min ister-urg es-bulgaria-and-romania-to-integrate-roma-a-884236.html Bilefsky, D. (2014, January 1). E.u. labor market opens for romanians and bulgarians. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/02/world/eu rope/european-labor-market-opens-for-roma nians-and-bulgarians.html?_r=0 Bistrich, A. (1999, March). Homelessness in germany the visible form of true poverty. Share International. Retrieved from http://www.share-international.org/archives/home lessness/hl-abGermany.htm Brown, B. (Performer) (2010). Brené brown: The power of vulnerability [Web]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/brene_brown_on_vulnerability.html Daly, G. (1996). Homeless: Policies, strategies and lives on the street. London, England: Routledge. Davis, S. (2004). Designing for the homeless: Architecture that works. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. Furniture made from waste tiles by Tsuyoshi Hayashi. (2014, January 18). . Retrieved April 22, 2014, from http://www.dezeen.com/2014/01/18/furniture-made-from-waste tiles-by-tsuyoshi-hayashi/ Graham, J. R., Walsh, C. A., & Sandalack, B. A. (2008).Homeless shelter design: considerations for shaping shelters and the public realm. Alberta, Canada: Detselig Enterprises Ltd. Matthew Appleby. (2013, January 1). . Retrieved May 6, 2014, from http://matthewappleby.com/design/index.html Michael Konstantin Wolke Upcycles Found Objects to Create Beautifully Designed Furniture, Lighting, and Storage. (2011, June 2). . Retrieved April 2, 2014, from http:/www. thisiscolossal.com/2011/06/michael-konstantin-wolke-upcycles-found-objects-to-create-beautifully-designed-furniture-lighting-and-storage/ Not a Wooden Spoon. (2012, January 1). Not a Wooden Spoon. Retrieved April 10, 2014, from http://www. notawoodenspoon.com/ RIFT Armchair & Sofa Design by Patricia Urquiola. (n.d.). . Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www.furnivo. com/2012/11/rift-armchair-sofa-design-by-patricia-urquiola/ Rudi Double Loop Chandelier: Roll & Hill. (2013, January 1). . Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www. rollandhill.com/products/Rudi-Double-Loop/ Schatz, H. (1993). Homeless: Portraits of Americans in Hard Times. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books. SchubLaden – Recycled Furniture from Drawers. (2013, January 1). . Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http:// www.schubladen.de/index.php?id=home&L=1 Stella Bleu Designs. (2012, March 9). . Retrieved April 14, 2014, from http://www.styleofdesign.com/interiors/ retail/stella-bleu-designs-2/ Stoda, K. A. (2010, May 11). Homelessness in berlin & modern wealthy germany. Op-Ed News. Retrieved from http://www.opednews.com/Diary/HOMELESSNESS-in-Ber lin--by-Kevin-Anthony-Stod-100511-402.html Suermann, J. (2013, June 14). It’s easy for young designers to get stuck in berlin. Retrieved from http://www. dezeen.com/2013/06/14/movie-with-joerg-suemann-dmy-ber lin-kreuzberg/ Techne architects: Fitzroy house. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.techne.com.au/ Vitra: MVS Chaise Maarten Van Severen, 2000. (2014, January 1). . Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www. vitra.com/en-us/product/mvs-chaise?subfam.id=37967 Vitra: Slow Chair & Ottoman, Ronan & Erwan Bouroullec, 2006. (2014, January 1). . Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www.vitra.com/en-us/product/slow-chair? subfa id=38402 Vitra: Tip Ton Edward Barber & Jay Osgerby, 2011, 2006. (2014, January 1). . Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www.vitra.com/en-us/product/tip-ton
SOURCES
Von Mahs, J. (2013). Down and out in los angeles and berlin: The sociospatial exclusion of homeless people. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. Western Trash. (2014, January 1). Western Trash | Store. Retrieved April 6, 2014, from http://shop.westerntrash.com/en/ Werner, M. (n.d.). Finding berlin. Retrieved from http://www.findingberlin.com/about/
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becca landwehr
institutional studio project | INTD6140 george washington university | may 12, 2014