west port arthur \\welcome.
\\reid mulligan, jennifer king, greg estes, eimile gavagan, jay taylor, jules gianakos
KNOWING
WPA
32. parks
30. worship centers 29. income 28. education
27. amenities
26. housing tenure
24. household types 23. ethnicity
22. population
16. time lines & history
12. location & vicinity 08. introduction
index
VISIONING
SW OT
84. conclusion 74. industry & job creation
64. transportation revitalization 46. open space opportunities
45. the vision
44. SWOT analysis
39. emissions 38. pipelines
37. hazards 36. transportation
35. county vs.. city land
34. land vacancies
knowing \\information, data, & maps.
WPA
WEST PORT ARTHUR A LOOK INSIDE
8
\\DESERTED DOWNTOWN
\\FORMER WORLD TRADE CENTER
Port Arthur is located in Southeast Texas near the Louisiana border; it is one part of the “Golden Triangle” that also includes Beaumont and Orange. The city of Port Arthur is divided into three geographic zones that are very different from one another. West Port Arthur is the historic African-American side of the city, East Port Arthur is predominantly white, and the abandoned and neglected core of the city, downtown, lies between these two areas. On the map and in words, Port Arthur seems like a typical small city. Once explored, however, one quickly realizes there is something very unnerving about the city. West Port Arthur, in close proximity to the refineries, has born the brunt of ongoing racism, disinvestment, population loss, and job scarcity. While we wish these issues were just beginning to brood on the horizon, they have instead been impacting the West side of the city for decades, far preceding the recent hurricanes that have exacerbated an already desperate situation. Downtown is a similar story. The majority of the buildings are boarded-up and abandoned. Kelley’s Kitchen is one of the only businesses thriving in the area. The restaurant brings patrons from the West side into downtown and is a beacon for the community. Upon entering the West Side, it is difficult to find a view in which the refineries do not provide the backdrop. Pipelines weave along the edges of the community, smog and stench fill the air, and stacks billow out smoke. We observed many people walking and riding bikes and fewer cars than one would expect. The extreme lack of basic amenities in the area and limited access to transportation contribute to residents’ dependence on walking for groceries or other basic needs. The greatest gathering of people we found was at Carver Terrace – a publicly subsidized housing community that literally abuts the refineries. >>
9 KNOWING
\\KELLEY’S KITCHEN
\\BOARDED UP SHOP
The act of gathering data told us much about the community as well – little to no research has been done about West Port Arthur. Out of sight, out of mind, perhaps? The major findings of our demographic study uncovered extremely high rates of poverty, low educational attainment for women, major ethnic change, population loss, and transit dependency in an area where public transportation is unreliable and sporadic. In short, approximately half of West Port Arthur’s population falls below the poverty line, women (whose population numbers twenty-five percent more than males) are far less educated, and African-Americans make up the ninety-seven percent of the West side’s population. All of these issues are dissected in greater detail in the report. In all, our data led us to the conclusion that a web of systemic issues is oppressing the West Port Arthur community. However there are two issues that trump all others. Most obvious is the issue of disinvestment and abandonment, followed by the environmental issues that plague the area. Based on these findings we narrowed our focus to three categories which we thought deserved the most attention to better West Port Arthur and tackle the two big issues mentioned above – vacant lot assignment, transportation revamp and job creation.
>>
WPA
WEST PORT ARTHUR A LOOK INSIDE
10
\\BOARDWALK
\\PUBLIC HOUSING
Vacant lots have an incredible amount of potential. Their greatest strength lies with the proximity to the community; these lots are surrounded by the West Side. Community gardens, horseshoe parks and the reuse of the tank farm near Carver Terrace are all part of our proposal for change. Transportation is a key issue in the West Side. The community lacks key amenities and simultaneously lacks the ability to travel to amenities located outside of the community. Our proposals include a church-van transportation schedule and beautification of existing bus stops to perhaps encourage the city government to keep an eye on the irregularity and unreliability of the current single bus line serving the West Side. Also included in this section is beautification of downtown’s empty storefronts as well as street art to encourage more pedestrian traffic throughout the area. Job creation is key to the success of this community -- forty-eight percent of West Side residents reported no wage or salary income in the 2000 Census. Proposals include taking advantage of the success of the refineries in the area by supplying support services for which they outsource, a co-op grocery store or credit union of which the community would claim ownership and a job training program to teach community members to safely and responsibly demolish homes and recycle materials by repairing or building homes for community members. >>
TAN K \\PUBLIC HOUSING PARK
The severity and injustice of these issues cannot be overstated. The West Side of Port Arthur has been used in the worst sort of way. The numbers show that this community has been short-changed in education, transportation, job availability, and most cruelly, the opportunity to live a healthy life. Many residents have found a way to leave the community, but what of those who cannot? They are trapped in a place that has been left to suffer at the hands of looming refineries that have managed to pollute their community while making billions of dollars. They have received all of the negative impacts of the proximity to the refineries and somehow have been denied any of the positive financial compensations. The problems we are addressing in this project are considerable. Even though our approaches and solutions may seem small by comparison, solutions have been selected to impact the community in a way that potentially leads to growth. This growth is two-fold. First, these concepts should be thought of as a “step one” – merely the planting of seeds. Second, and most importantly, the community’s sense of ownership will grow. These seeds presented in this report could grow into larger facilities or programs that impact significantly more people within the community. But the growth of the idea is dependent upon the growth of community involvement. It is from this growth that all subsequent change will be inspired.
KNOWING
FAR M
11
LOCATION WHERE IS PORT ARTHUR?
12
UR TH AR RT PO
LO CA LP AR KS
VICINITY
WHERE IS WEST PORT ARTHUR IN CONTEXT WITH THE REST OF THE CITY?
E EAST SID
13 KNOWING
DOWNTOWN
WEST SIDE
NODES
WHERE ARE THE EXISTING AMENITIES TO BUILD ON? SA VA NN AH
14
PR OC TE R
HO US TO N
N HE ITC ’S K LLY KE
PU BL IC HO US ING
GU LF WA Y
TH OM AS
*
ML K
7T H
ST .
This his map shows the possible nodes d that can be linked within Po linke Port Arthur that can start r to be the he focus cus uss point po oint for eco economic growth. Kelley’s Kitchen hen is one of the few amenities o a in downtown Port P Arthur Ar that is active tive a and a local landmark. Kelly’s ys K Kitchen can link future re growth on 7th street and p public u housing off terminal in road to re-activate the e w west side and connect ct it with the rest of Port Arthur. hur
FU TU RE
GR OW TH
CORRIDORS
WHERE ARE THE MAIN ARTERIES THAT CONNECT THE COMMUNITY? SA VA NN AH
15
PR OC TE R
N HE ITC ’S K LLY KE
PU BL IC HO US ING
7T H
ST .
GU LF WA Y
TH OM AS
ML K
KNOWING
HO US TO N
TIME LINE 1895-1909
1897 1911
Began cutting canal. Port Arthur has 860 residents. Category 1 hurricane kills 13 people and leaves Port Arthur homes in shambles.
1900 John W. gates builds Rice Mill and it becomes a major export of Port Arthur. A number of hotels are built around downtown and on Procter Street. Procter Street is the main street through downtown Port Arthur, and becomes the scene of many parades, nightlife and family fun f or Port Arthur residents throughout the years.
16
Babe Didrickson was born. Later to become a multiple Olympic medal winner, one of the founders of the LPGA and became its leader for several years on and off the links.
1908 Sabine-Neches canal is deepened and extents to Beaumont and Orange.
1895 Arthur E. Stillwell acquired land to start Port Arthur and began platting land. Stillwell wanted Port Arthur to be the Southern Terminus for his Kansas City Southern Railroad.
1904 John W. Gates becomes chief financial backer of Port Arthur.
1896
1906
Port Arthur Channel and Dock Co. is established.
Port Arthur is the official port of entry.
1901 After ‘The Spindle top Boom’ in Beaumont, Texaco and Gulf built major refineries at Port Arthur. Population of 900 residents. 1909 1899 Port Arthur becomes the 12th Port Arthur becomes a port. largest port in United States in Pleasure Island and Pier are value of exports. constructed from the deposits Port Arthur College is established, of the dredge of Port Arthur Canal. a business and radio school. The collegebecame Port Arthur Collegiate Institute in 1911, when the school was presented to the Board of Education of the Methodist Episcopal Church North, a forerunner of the present United Methodist Temple. The church operated thegrowing campus until 1918, when it was turned over to a non-profit Texas corporation. Population of 7,663 residents.
TIME LINE 1913-1948
1915
1940
A major flood hits the city of Port Arthur.
An influx of middle class African Americans results in a period of white flight. Many white residents moved to neighboring towns such as Port Acres, Nederland, Port Neches, and Groves. The African Americans were forced to the West side of town because Port Arthur was segregated.
1922
1913
1948 Unionization. The Congress of Industrial Organization’s Oil Workers International had around 8,000 Port Arthur members. Various craft unions of the American Federation of Labor had around 5,000 members.
1931
Pleasure Pier dance hall and roller coaster are built, and Pleasure Pier, is a family attraction for Port Arthur residents.
The Neches River Rainbow Bridge is completed crossing over the Neches River on State Highway 87. The bridge is still one of the tallest bridges in the South.
1932 A city-manager-commission system is implemented replacing the mayor-council government
1914 Port Arthur is the 2nd largest oil-refining point in the nation.
1930 St. Mary’s Hospital was constructed. Transferring the patients of Mary Gates Hospital, named after the late wife of John W. Gates, to the new St. Mary’s facilities.
1943 Janis Joplin is born in Port Arthur. Later she will become one of the most recognized singers from Port Arthurs. NFL coach, Jimmy Johnson, was also born this year. Johnson was the head coach for the Dallas Cowboys when they won the Super Bowl in consecutive years 1992 & 1993.
KNOWING
Abraham Lincoln High School and Thomas Jefferson High School were established. Lincoln being the African American high school and Jefferson being the white. They had rivaling mascots being the Lincoln Bumblebees and the Jefferson Yellow Jackets.
17
TIME LINE 1950-1985
1960 Gulf gate Bridge was built over the Sabine-Neches waterway to connect Port Arthur to Pleasure Island and offered access into Louisiana. Later to be named Martin Luther King, Jr. Bridge. Population hits an all time high of
1985 Port Arthur Refinery was streamlined and crude oil running reduced dramatically.
69,000 residents.
1975 Lamar University Center at Port Arthur opens with 200 students.
18
1950 Port Arthur was home to 5 refineries and employs approximately 12,000 workers, whose salaries accounted for 50% of the money spent in Port Arthur. Carver Terrace, a housing unit, was built on the West side to house low income African Americans.
1979 Tropical Storm Claudette dumped 40 inches of rain on Port Arthur streets.
1973 Port Arthur was integrated. Wealthy African Americans move out of the West side of town and into Groves, a neighboring white town to the area.
1957 Two, category 3 & 4, Tornadoes rip through Port Arthur killing one person, injuring 82 and causing millions in damages. Hurricane Audrey hits just east of Port Arthur with 150mph winds. 17,000 residents homeless.
1974 Port Arthur College and Lamar University merge to become Lamar University Center at Port Arthur.
1984 Port Arthur Levee System is completed after 18 years of construction.
1966 Port Arthur Levee System begins construction.
1978 Port Arthur annexes Sabine Pass, historic marker of Texas history.
TIME LINE 1986-2010
1995 Denny Larson of Global Community Monitor, a non-profit out of San Francisco, trains residents to do rudimentary air monitoring.
2005 Hurricane Rita hits the Procter Street seawall and damages many downtown businesses. Port Arthur sustained major wind damage and some flooding. Winds reached 116mph.
2007 Hurricane Humberto comes through killing 1 person and leaving 120,000 without power.
19
1986 Hurricane hits with 80mph winds killing 3 people. Moderate wine damage is sustained.
KNOWING
2002 Shell buys out Texaco-Chevron’s interest in Motiva. Port Arthur Refinery is operated as Motiva and jointly owned by Shell and Saudi refining. The Environmental Integrity Project issues report calculation that in the first seven months of 2002, heavy industrial facilities surrounding Port Arthur released almost 725 tons of toxins into the air. These toxins include Xylene, Toulene, Hexane, benzene, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide; all of which cause major problems to a person’s body, ranging from memory loss, kidney failure, numbness, leukemia, asthma, and more.
1989 Saudi Refining, Inc. purchased 50% of Port Arthur Refinery as a port of a joint venture with Texaco known as Star Enterprise.
1998 Motiva Enterprises LLC was created by a joint venture with Star Enterprise and Shell Oil Co.
2008 Tropical Storm Edouard and Hurricane Ike hit Port Arthur in the same year, both causing major wind damage, and Ike causing several areas to experience major flooding. Storm surge was 11 ft. high.
2000 Community In-Power and Development Association (CIDA) is founded by Hilton Kelley. A non-profit organization that empowers residents of the low-income Port Arthur communities to take action against the neighboring chemical manufacturers, refineries and incinerators to keep them from polluting the air, land and water.
2010 A towboat pushing two barges collide with an 800-foot tanker carrying 462,000 gallons of light crude oil causing the worst Texas oil spill in more than 15 years. Port Arthur residents were forced to evacuate their homes for several hours while officials tested the air quality after the collision. Motiva $3.5 billion expansion proposed completion.
A group of UH graduate students and professor come to West Port Arthur to begin planning a better future.
DOWNTOWN 1897-1915
20
1897Downtown’s First Jail
1897 Procter Street
1897 Sabine Hotel 1899
Downtown Post Office
1900
Hardware Store
1915 Victory Parade
1902 Fourth of July Parade
1900 Downtown Pool
1907 Crystal Saloon
DOWNTOWN 1917-1950
1920
Downtown Procter St.
21
1945 1917
Victory Parade
Flood Procter Street
1930
Procter Street
Procter Street
1940
Downtown Nightlife
1940
Winter Snow
Downtown
1950 Town Parade
KNOWING
1947
POPULATION HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THERE?
+16% -14%
60
-3%
+130%
50 40 30 20 10 0 CITY FOUNDATION
1900
1910
1920
WHITE FLIGHT
INFLUX OF AFRICAN AMERICANS
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
25 TEXAS (+22.8% )
POPULATION CHANGE: 1990 TO 2000 (%)
22
PORT ARTHUR POPULATON (THOUSANDS)
70
20 15
HOUSTON (+19.8%)
U.S. (+13.2%)
10 5 0 PORT ARTHUR (-1.6%)
-5 -10 -15
From the late 19th century to the early 1930s Port Arthur’s population quickly increased as the city was laying its foundation, specifically during the 1920s when the oil refineries were established. The population steadily rose and peaked between 19401970 as a large influx of African Americans moved to Port Arthur from surrounding cities. However, since 1980 the population has drastically decreased. Population has decreased by 7.7% since 1980 and by 3.2% over the last decade. The fleeing population has hit West Port Arthur harder than any other community. West Port Arthur accounts for only 7% of the cities total population yet 40% of the fleeing population was from this community.
DETROIT (-7.5%) W. PORT ARTHUR (-9.4%)
ETHNICITY
WHITE
HISPANIC
ASIAN
WHAT IS THE RACIAL COMPOSITION?
BLACK 23
WHITE
HISPANIC
ASIAN
KNOWING
PORT ARTHUR - 1990
BLACK
WHITE
PORT ARTHUR - 2000
BLACK
WEST PORT ARTHUR - 2000
HISPANIC POPULATION
From 1990 to 2000 there has been a drastic shift in the racial composition. The white population has decreased by 31% and the Hispanic population has increased by 128% during this time. We believe this “white flight” happened as African Americans were integrated into schools and communities during the 1980s. As a whole, Port Arthur seems to be a diverse city, but when analyzed more closely there is an obvious segregation within the communities. West Port Arthur is one of the most extreme, with nearly a 95% African American population.
128%
31%
DIVERSE CITY WHITE POPULATION
SEGREGATED COMMUNITIES
HOUSEHOLD TYPES WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF HOUSEHOLDS?
PORT ARTHUR SINGLE MARRIED, NO CHILDREN MARRIED, WITH CHILDREN MALE SINGLE PARENT
24
FEMALE SINGLE PARENT
0
20
40
60
80
100
80
100
WEST PORT ARTHUR SINGLE MARRIED, NO CHILDREN MARRIED, WITH CHILDREN MALE SINGLE PARENT FEMALE SINGLE PARENT
0
20
PORT ARTHUR WEST PORT ARTHUR
One of the biggest strengths for West Port Arthur is its increase in marriage rate over the past 20 years, which is not the case for either greater Port Arthur or the rest of the United States as a whole. One of the biggest strengths for West Port Arthur is its increase in marriage rate over the past 20 years, which is not the case for either greater Port Arthur or the rest of the United States as a whole.
40
60
HOUSEHOLD TYPES WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF HOUSEHOLDS?
26% 5,179
6,000
4,281
25
13% 2,606
4,000 3,000 2,000
464
338
2%
1,000
FEMALE SINGLE PARENT
MALE SINGLE PARENT
1990 CENSUS
MARRIED, WITH CHILDREN
2000 CENSUS
MARRIED, NO CHILDREN
SINGLE
0
KNOWING
5,000
21%
2,251
6,052
7,000
4,885
6,723
8,000
38% 7,775
9,000
HOUSING TENURE RENTERS OR OWNERS?
13,574
55%
OWNER OCCUPIED 14,515 26
8,260
33%
RENTER OCCUPIED 7,811
16,000
14,000
Since 1990, the amount of individuals owning their households in all of Port Arthur has steadily decreased. While the vacancy rate in households is generally the same between Port Arthur and West Port Arthur, the vacancy rate in commercial properties is much higher in West Port Arthur.
12,000
1990 CENSUS
10,000
2000 CENSUS
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
2,879
VACANT
AMENITIES
DOES THE COMMUNITY HAVE ADEQUATE ACCESS TO AMENITIES?
*
RESTAURANTS FOOD MART/GROCERY MAJOR RETAIL
**
PHARMACY
*
LODGING
*
* *
27 KNOWING
* *
* This map T map ap shows the am ame amenities me eniti enit n tie ies ess tthat hat hat at are are re pro p provided rov rov ovid vid ded ded ed in in West W Wes est st P st Port o Arthur versus versu rsus us East E Eas ast astt Port P Po ortt Arthur. A Art rth rthu hur ur. r.. The The he map map ap clearly ear ear a ly shows the ne arl need eed ed fo for orr am a amenities menit me enit n tie es o es on n th tthe he ew wes west est estt si ssid side. ide de e. The w The west side ide doe does ess n not ott h o have ave a vve eag grocery roc ce ery ery y sstore sto ttor ore re e only o on nlyy a gas gas as sstation ation food m mart. ma art. art. rt. D Due ue ue to o th tthe he e lack la ack ack ck of of consistency c co con ons nsi sis ist ste ten enc ncy cy in n pub public ub blic c transpo ttransp transportation, porta orttat atio tio on, on, n, ssom some ome om me re residences res essid sid denc den enc nce ces ess m must mus ust ustt w walk wa alk alk k up to o tth three hree mile hree m miles le es to es to tth the he e nea n nearest eare ea ares re est stt p pharmacy harm har arm macy mac acyy o orr gro g grocery roc roc cery cer ery y store stor ore eo orr borrow bor borro orrro ow wac car ar from ar fro fr rom om m a friend, ffrie fr rie end, nd, d, b because be ecau caus aus se of se of th tthe he e low ow ownership wners wne ers rsh shi hip ip p of of ve vveh vehicles. ehic hic icle cle es es.
EDUCATION GRADUATION RATES
US
28
TEXAS
PORT ARTHUR
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
W PORT ARTHUR
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATES MALE FEMALE
Upon first glance, education seems to be a non-issue in West Port Arthur as the level of male education surpasses that of both Port Arthur and the state of Texas. However, the concern stems from the gap between male and female education. At a 10% spread, West Port Arthur’s educational comparison when it comes to gender is an issue specific only to this community as the country, state and city levels show an equal level of education between the two genders. The issue in West Port Arthur is compounded when one takes into consideration that there are almost twice as many females as males living in poverty in West Port Arthur. These numbers lead one to the conclusion that there are underlying issues keeping females (a) in West Port Arthur and (b) out of educational facilities. Since this issue does not seem to be affecting males, childbearing at an early age seems the likely culprit.
INCOME
HOUSEHOLD INCOME & POVERTY RATES
$50,000
$40,000
PORT ARTHUR
TEXAS
$10,000
UNITED STATES
$20,000
MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME PERCENTAGE OF POULATION FALLING BELOW THE POVERTY LINE* UNITED STATES TEXAS PORT ARTHUR WEST PORT ARTHUR
12% 15% 25% 46% These graphs tell a sad, yet not completely surprising story. With our visit to West Port Arthur we were aware that poverty was pervasive within the community. However, the numbers we collected from the 2000 Census were still severe and staggering, despite our expectations. Approximately half of West Port Arthur’s population falls beneath the poverty line. The median household income is approximately $13,000 -- one-third the average median income in the state of Texas.
KNOWING
$30,000
WEST PORT ARTHUR
29
WORSHIP CENTERS RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS
65% OF PORT ARTHUR’S POPULATION BELONGS TO A RELIGIOUS CONGREGATION WHICH IS HIGHER THAN THE NATION AVERAGE OF 50%
17% 39%
30
35%
9 OF THE 12 FOUNDING CHURCHES ARE STILL IN EXISTENCE SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION
9%
UNITED METHODIST CHURCH CATHOLIC OTHER
West Port Arthur has a very strong religious following. There are twelve churches that have been around since Port Arthur was founded. There are over twenty different congregations that meet weekly in West Port Arthur. This is when the community can gather but having such a large amount of congregations divides the community into parts. Looking at how the congregations can come together will help the community to come together.
WORSHIP CENTERS WHERE ARE THE WORSHIP CENTERS?
SA VA NN AH
31
7T H
ST .
GU LF WA Y
PR OC TE R TH OM AS
ML K
KNOWING
HO US TO N
PARKS
WHERE IS THE GREEN SPACE? SA VA NN AH
32
PR OC TE R
HO US TO N
LO CA LP AR KS
GU LF WA Y
TH OM AS
ML K
7T H
ST .
To a co community, mmunity, neighborhood parks k can establish stablish ta sh and d sustain ustain pride p within that community. m y. T These ese se e par arks allow for a place to gatherr and users us to connect. co onnect. S Studying the conditions and d locations can begin to predict a communities’ s pride prid by their connection tio to their parks. The map p ill illustrates the lack of re recommended park space wit within the “local” community. un West Port Arthur offers ers a large amount nt of park ark space but majority is outside tsid the community nity limit. t. This contributes to the e llack of pride and ownership within the community. own nity
RE GI ON AL PA RK S
PARKS
HOW MUCH GREEN SPACE IS THERE?
89.8 ACRES
33 KNOWING
NATIONAL PARKS
LOCAL PARKS
14.4 ACRES
REGIONAL PARKS
18.8 ACRES PER 1,000 RESIDENTS
Since parks can represent so much to a community, it is essential to understand the amount of communal space denoted to public use. Within walk-able distances in West Port Arthur, there is a lack of community space. Allowing people to have places of gathering promotes unity and allows members of the community to socialize. However, within the region of West Port Arthur, there is an abundance of park space. This appears to skew the number for Port Arthur because it is not used by the majority of the community because of its lack of accessibility.
LAND VACANCIES WHERE ARE THE LAND VACANCIES?
SA VA NN AH
34
PR OC TE R
HO US TO N
GU LF WA Y
TH OM AS
ML K
7T H
ST .
West P Port rt Arthur is struggling with th h land use se e and nd vaca cant land in their community. As the t city boomed ed d n th the past, b businesses moved in on n the la lan and. Now that th at busines business has left the land, and, many y of the th lots are abandoned done and left polluted. olluted. This cau causes ca many issues fo for the environment nment but also so leaves the community ni with large voids. These e vvoids become problem em areas because se the community om ignoress them. m.
COUNTY VS. CITY LAND URBAN VS... RURAL
SA VA NN AH
35
PR OC TE R TH OM AS
ML K
7T H
ST .
Billions B ons o of dollars ollla ollars ars ars s cy c cycle ycle through Port Arth Arthur th hur hur ur e ea each ac ach ch h year. ar. r. Much M off th this his sm money one is not taxed or re represented epre ep pres re ese sen ent nted nte nt ed d within wit hin the city cittyy because bec bec be ec us big corporations ns s have h hav ave ave e been bee bee een een n districted dist t icted ic d tto o th tthe he co county instead of tthe he city he c city. itty. yy. T This his s equates eq equate ess to to bill b billions ill i li s of lost tax revenue ue e fo for or Po or Por P Port ort rt Arth A Arthur, rtthu hu urr, ur, while w e res residents esid es sid den den ent llive within close e pro p proximity rox roxxim xim miity mity y to o the th he e refi efififin nerie ner neries’ erie ies es’ po pollution. polluti ol
KNOWING
HO US TO N
TRANSPORTATION HOW DO THE PEOPLE GET AROUND?
36
UNITED STATES
TEXAS
PORT ARTHUR
WEST PORT ARTHUR
CAR, TRUCK, OR VAN
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
WALKED
WORK AT HOME
OTHER
The transportation in West Port Arthur shows that many people must ďŹ nd other means of transportation than the traditional means of a car, truck or van. The numbers indicate that the large portion of West Port Arthur that is unemployed or working but below the poverty line cannot afford to own cars or perhaps own cars that may or may not be in working order. They have compensated by walking and using public forms of transportation. While these means of transportation are more environmentally friendly, it can be assumed that it is out of necessity and not necessarily ecological concern that these transitions have taken place. With the public bus routes in their current condition (i.e. erratic and unreliable), one would assume that this would not be the chosen means of getting to work.
HAZARDS
WHAT IS THE CITY BREATHING?
JEFFERSON COUNTY VS. ALL US COUNTIES The are 3,141 counties and county equivalents in the United States.
JEFFERSON COUNTY RANKS:
5TH for releases of carcinogens 8TH for releases of brain-damaging neurotoxicants into the air & water.
8TH for releases development toxicants into the air & water
8TH for releases of reproductive toxicants into the air & water
29TH for releases of respiratory toxicants into the air & water
1ST in Texas for chemical releases On April 14, 2003, Motiva Refinery emitted 107,692 LBS of hexane in only 18 MINUTES. Totaling 54% of the annual hexane emissions for routine operations.
The average lifetime diesel soot cancer risk for a resident of Jefferson County is 1 IN 1,157 which is approximately every 250TH
PERSON in the county.
The risk is 865
TIMES greater than EPA’s acceptable cancer level of 1 IN 1 MILLION.
source: american lung association 2007 state of the air report (jefferson county)
KNOWING
into the air & water
37
PIPELINES WHAT IS THE CITY BREATHING?
SA VA NN AH
38
PR OC TE R
HO US TO N
ML K
GU LF WA Y
TH OM AS
SING HOU C I L PUB
7T H
ST .
West P Port rt Arthur is struggling with t land use th usse and nd vaca cant land in their community. As the city boomed bo oom med ed d n th the past, b businesses moved in on the t land. lan Now No that th at busines business has left the land, many ny o of the lots ts are abandoned done and left polluted. This s cau c causes m many issues fo for the environment but also o leaves es the community ni with large voids. These e voids vo become ome problem em areas because the community ommu ignoress them. m.
NON HIGH VOLATILE LIQUID HIGH VOLATILE LIQUID GAS TRANSMISSION CRUDE TRANSMISSION
EMISSIONS - HUNTSMAN WHAT IS THE CITY BREATHING?
URI
HIGH
SINUS
* *
BRONCHITIS ASTHMA
MEDIUM LOW
39 KNOWING
HUNTSMAN
* *
*
WEST SIDE
** **
EMISSIONS - MOTIVA WHAT IS THE CITY BREATHING?
URI
HIGH
SINUS
* * 40
MOTIVA
** WEST SIDE
* **
BRONCHITIS ASTHMA
MEDIUM LOW
EMISSIONS - CHEVRON WHAT IS THE CITY BREATHING?
URI
HIGH
SINUS
* *
BRONCHITIS ASTHMA
MEDIUM LOW
41 KNOWING
*
* WEST SIDE
* * *
CHEVRON
visioning \\concepts, programs, and strategies.
SW OT
SWOT
STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS
decreasing population
increasing land vacancy
need for community gathering space
44
solar farms/clean energy soil reclamation
lack of personal transportation few local amenities need for reliable public transportation strong church community with resources connect people to places of work low income levels
low employment rates
need for local amenities movement for green jobs partnership with schools for job training
} } }
OPEN SPACE OPPORTUNITIES
TRANSIT REVITALIZATION
INDUSTRY & JOB CREATION
THE VISION
WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF WEST PORT ARTHUR?
45
GREEN JOBS
VISIONING
OPEN SPACE OPPORTUNITIES
COMMUNITY GATHERING FUTURE WPA
INDUSTRY & JOB CREATION
CONNECT HOMES TO WORK
TRANSIT REVITALIZATION
open space opportunities \\turning vacancy into opportunity.
CONCEPT OPEN SPACE OPPORTUNITIES
decreasing population
48
increasing land vacancy
need for community gathering space
solar farms/clean energy
soil reclamation
01 ANALYSIS
}
OPEN SPACE OPPORTUNITIES
02 CONCEPT
RECREATION ACTIVITIES
49
BLOCK SOIL RECLAMATION
Vacant Lots Within West Side Neighborhoods
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY GARDENS
Kelly’s Kitchen 7th Street & Austin Ave Public Housing Relocation 7th Street & Grannis Ave
MURALS+PUBLIC ART
CITY Old Tanks Farms W Thomas Blvd & Levee Rd
JOB TRAINING
PUBLIC HOUSING
03 STRATEGIES
04 SITES
VISIONING
}
SOLAR FARM
PROGRAM
OPEN SPACE OPPORTUNITIES MAP
GULFWAY MLK 1
50 2
1
3
THOMAS 4
7TH ST. 1
OLD TANKS FARMS TO SOLAR FARM
2
PUBLIC HOUSING
3
JOB TRAINING+EDUCATION CENTER
4
LINCOLN HIGH SCHOOL
5
SATELLITE SOLAR FARMS
6
KELLY’S KITCHEN - VACANT LOT
7
PUBLIC HOUSING RELOCATION
7
INTERCOASTAL
VISIONING
WATERWAY
5 5
SAVANNAH
HOUSTON
51
6
PROCTER
BLOCK STRATEGY VACANT LOTS
grow bags
community gardens
SURFACE TREATMENT demonstration garden
horseshoes
52
soil reclamation basketball courts
food carts
public art/murals
SHORT-TERM (QUICK FIX) flower planters bike racks recycling node
EDGE TREATMENT
LONG TERM (PERMANENT)
53 VISIONING
The Th e va vaca cant ca nt llot ott is ub ubiq iqui iq uito ui t us thr to h ou ough ghou gh outt Po ou Port rt Art Art rthu hurr hu th thus huss a nu um mbe er off llot ottsc o scap ap pin ing g el e em emen ents are ents en re pro opo p se ed that th a var at aryy in i dur u at atio ion io n an and nd co cond n ititio nd io on sh show own ow n in n tthe he he g ap gr aph. h. Com h. ommu mu uni nity nity t g gar arde ar dens de ns pro ovi v de e acc cces esss to es fres fr essh pr e p od oduc uce uc e an nd pl plan ants ts as we ts wellll as ac acce ce cess ess s to sa sati atiisffyi y ng n llab ab bor o , ne neig ig ghb borrho ood d im mp pro ove ement me ent nt,, sse ens n e o com of mmu muniity and d con o ne nect ctio ct io on to the e env nvir i on ir nme m nt n. Th hey are e pub bliicl clyy fu unc n tit on onin in ng in n ter erms ms of ow o ne ners rshi rs hip, p, p, ac cce ce ess sss, an ss, and ma mana nag nage na ge e eme me ent n.
COMMUNITY STRATEGY KELLEY’S KITCHEN (VISIONED)
54
55 VISIONING
Kelllley’s Ke eyy’ss Kittc ch hen en is qu quic ickl ky g kl grrow owin in ng in into nto t a cen entr t al a co c om omm mm mu un nity ity g ga atth her erin in ng sp pac ace. e Its locat e. ocat oc atio io on is s cru ucial to the re th revviita alilza zatition of do down wntown to own w and n We esst st Po ortt Arthur. This Th s pl pla lan ta t kke es ad adva dva ant ntag tag age of o the adj adjoi djoi o ni nn ng g va ac can ant lot and p an and prrop opos ose ess to exxp pa and d to an n out utdo door o rec or ecre reational, soci so cial al, an al al, and di din niing ng spa p ce c . Th The sp spac ac a ce wo w ul u d no ot only serv se serv rve e as as an an exxte ten tens nssio sio i n of of Ke ellle ley’ ey’ y s Ki K tc che en, n, but also ass an in a nffo orrm m mal a mee al e tiing ng spa p c ce e ffor or tthe he e com ommunity to unwi un wind nd and nd so soc ocia oci iali aliize ze..
COMMUNITY STRATEGY KELLEY’S KITCHEN (IMPLEMENTED)
56
Kelley’s Kitchen is quickly growing into a central community gathering space. Its location is crucial to the revitalization of downtown and West Port Arthur. This plan takes advantage of the adjoining vacant lot and proposes to expand to an outdoor recreational, social, and dining space. The space would not only serve as an extension of Kelley’s Kitchen, but also as an informal meeting space for the community to unwind and socialize.
57 VISIONING
COMMUNITY STRATEGY CARVER TERRACE & PARK RELOCATION
COMMUNITY
SUSTAINABLE
STABILITY 58
HEALTH
HOME NEW CARVER TERRACE COMPLEX
NATURE
WATER
FUTURE On a community scale, we are proposing to move Carver Terrace away from the industry and closer into West Port Arthur; they have been on the outskirts for too long. The new site will provide healthy, sustainable housing. The west Port Arthur residents of Carver Terrace deserve to have a healthy home to live in. The sustainable house will again begin to show how Port Arthur can be moved from being an industry city to a renewable city. The housing will include a park and neighborhood garden where the residents can begin to grow their own plants, and vegetables. The New Carver Terrace will provide much needed housing for the current residents of Carver Terrace and provide more space for tenants to move in.
GU LF WA Y
HO US TO N
59 VISIONING
ITE S G N I T EXIS
ML K
7T H
ST .
TH OM AS
NEW SITE
CITY STRATEGY SOLAR FARM & SOIL RECLAMATION
MLK
60
THOMAS
SOIL RECLAMATION GARDENS
SOLAR FARM
PARKS
JOB TRAINING CENTER
EDUCATION CENTER
On the city scale, vacant lots allow the opportunity for West Port Arthur to gain a new icon for the city. An icon that establishes Port Arthur as a staple for renewable futures as it transitions its economy from a fossil fuel to a renewable energy source. One of the largest plots of land is what used to be a tank farm used by the reďŹ neries. This abandon lot is directly north-west of Memorial 9th grade center, and is considered to be a contaminated site. Proposing that the entire site is covered in a deck allowing the site to be reclaimed by the residents. The north portion would be a social park embracing the renewable energy source and engaging the residents in this technology. Designed into the deck space would be a learning center that would have job placement for the residents while allowing students to tour the facility to gauge energy production.
61 VISIONING
PARKS+SOIL RECLAMATION
SOLAR FARM
EDUCATION CENTER
JOB TRAINING CENTER
CITY STRATEGY SOLAR FARM & SOIL RECLAMATION
62
The Th e so s la larr fa farm rms rm ms in inte tera te ra ract act ctio io on wi w th the he res esid siid den ents is key ke ey to o the e suc ucce cess ce ss of th ss the e jo job b plac plac pl a em emen entt an en a d the th he le lear arni ar niing n ng cent ce ntter e s po p te tent ntia nt ia al.l The exi xist s in st ng ta ank ffar arm ar m wo woul uld ul d be b reme re memb me mber mb err b byy a desi de esi s gn tha that ha at ab bst s ra ract ctss th ct the he loca lo oca atition onss of on o th he ex exis istititing is ng g ttan a ks by ex an expo po osi sing ng g the earth arth tthe ar h resid he essid dent. en nt. t. Th he re resi esi side ident de ent ntss ar a e in nhe erent rentt of th re the e ex exis xisti is stiting ting g pro robl blem bl em as the th e ea eart rtth is exp pos osed d but ut ďŹ l ďŹ lte ter by y a soi soi o l recl clam lam mat atio ion io on proc pr oc o ces ces esss. s. This his abst hi ab bst stra trra act ctio tio on pr prov oves ov vess ttha hat ha at we can an mo m ove for orwa w rd wa d witith th pr p ot ote ec ctiting cti ng n g the the e env n ir i on onme me ent nt and d rene re ren new newa wa ab blle en energi errgi gies es whi h le e rem emem e be berrriing ing g tthe he ori he ori r gi gina gina nal Port Po rt Art rthu hu hur. urr..
63 VISIONING
transit revitalization \\reconnecting people with the places they need to go.
CONCEPT TRANSIT REVITALIZATION
lack of personal transportation
66
few local amenities
need for reliable public transportation
strong church community with resources
connect people to places of work
01 ANALYSIS
}
TRANSIT REVITALIZATION
02 CONCEPT
67
BLOCK STREET ART
Connecting West Side Neighborhoods Procter St.
COMMUNITY NEW CITY BUS ROUTES
STOREFRONT ART
Connect West Side to Downtown Gulfway St.
CITY Connect West Side to East Side Gulfway St.
BUS STOP STRUCTURES
03 STRATEGIES
04 SITES
VISIONING
}
CHURCH BUS ROUTES
BLOCK STRATEGY ART IN STOREFRONTS & BUS STOPS
68 The new bus stops will provide space to post information about community events and ways to bring the community together.
Some bus stops will be painted. These stop will work with local artists, Port Arthur ISD and Lamar University to provide space to feature community art.
The bus stops will provide bike racks at some locations. We want to promote other forms of transportation, so that Port Arthur residents stay healthy in an unhealthy environment.
AR T NT EF RO
69
ST
OR
VISIONING
Art in Ar n sto orefr rre effrro on nts ts is an an ins n ta allllattio ion to o cel elebrate te e loc cal a artitist isstts. s W We e are re pro rop po osiin ng g th hiis to t provide de c com om o mm mu uni n tyy priid pr de th de thro rou ug gho hout ut dow own nttow own a an nd incr inc c ease crea ease se e foo ot tr traf afďŹ ďŹ c c.. Arrt in sto A ore efr fro tss will fron ilill a alls lso so br brin ng n gag gre reatter er awa w re ene ness sss to o the he efffec e ts of ha avviing ng a lar arge en num umbe be ber e of o vac acan ac an nci c ess iin n dow ownt wnt ntow o n Po ow P rt Arrttthu hu hur ur. r.
COMMUNITY STRATEGY CHURCH BUS ROUTES
70
West Port Arthur Passenger Van Route Information first pick-up 9am last drop off 2pm van arrives every 30 min. fare: $1.50 Monday: 6th St. baptist Tuesday: Mt. Sinai Wednesday: St. Mary’s Thursday: Trinity Lutheran Friday: New Hope Saturday: First Methodist Please leave donations in van, if possible
ROUTE INFORMATION
On the community scale, we would like to implement a van route taking West Port Arthur residents to HEB grocery and pharmacy, downtown and city hall, and Kelley’s Kitchen. This route would be run by the community’s churches. These churches have their own passenger vans that they use to bring their congregation to church on Sunday. These churches can use these vans throughout the week to run this new route. The route would run from 9am to 2pm. The fare would be small to cover the gas prices for the churches and the van would have a donation box in the bus to provide a little more help with all the churches. The community van route will help provide a connection between the west side, east side, and downtown of Port Arthur. The community van route will show that a need of more amenities and consistent city bus transportation is needed in the west side.
first pick-up 9am last drop off 2pm van arrives every 30 min. fare: $1.50 Monday: 6th St. baptist Tuesday: Mt. Sinai Wednesday: St. Mary’s Thursday: Trinity Lutheran Friday: New Hope Saturday: First Methodist Please leave donations in van, if possible.
71 VISIONING
RMACY RY/PHA GROCE
N DOWNTOW
IDE WEST S
NEW CHURCH BUS STOPS
CITY STRATEGY REACTIVATING CITY BUS ROUTES
72
New street art incorporated into West Port Arthur can be used as a catalyst to untie the community at a local scale. Integrating innovative art can inspire local development and provide a unique identity to the west side.
73 VISIONING
OLD ROUTE
NEW ROUTE
industry & job creation \\creating reliable jobs that empower the community.
CONCEPT INDUSTRY & JOB CREATION
low income levels
76
low employment rates
need for local amenities
movement for green jobs
partnership with schools for job training
01 ANALYSIS
}
INDUSTRY & JOB CREATION
02 CONCEPT
77
BLOCK HOME REPAIR
REFINERY SUPPORT SERVICES
CREDIT UNIONS
Home Repair Dilapidated houses throughout WPA
COMMUNITY Co-ops Capitalizing on vacant land
CITY Refinery Support Services Oil Refineries
REUSE WAREHOUSE
03 STRATEGIES
04 SITES
VISIONING
}
COOPERATIVES
BLOCK STRATEGY HOME REPAIR
78
With pervasive poverty and unemployment in West Port Arthur, it is no surprise that there are a large number of homes that are in a state of dilapidation. In addition, there are many buildings downtown and in West Port Arthur that need to be demolished. We propose a job-training center to focus on carpentry and the study of materials -- specifically their recyclability. Once trained, community members could repair neighbors’ homes. More specifically, buildings could be demolished and the materials that make up that building could be used for the community repairs. Lamar Port Arthur would be a resource for welders and concrete workers as they offer both certificate and non-certificate courses in these trades.
79 VISIONING
The Re-Use Warehouse will be a non-profit organization that will except reusable items that are taken out of houses, rather for demolition or for a remodel. This warehouse will be open for anyone in Port Arthur to donate these items. The warehouse will only be open to a family incomes that are below the average level as a place to pick up items for renovating their own homes. These warehouses not only provide an outline for residents in west Port Arthur that can not afford to buy supplies to remodel their homes, but will also provide a place to advert unused or reusable construction materials from a landfill. This concept is used in Houston, TX and in the first year the organization diverted 200,00 lbs. from landfills.
COMMUNITY STRATEGY COOPERATIVES
80
A Cooperative is a legal entity owned and democratically controlled by its members. Members often have a close association with the enterprise as producers or consumers of its products or services, or as its employees. • • • •
1. Voluntary and Open Membership 2. Democratic Member Control 3. Member Economic Participation 4. Autonomy and Independence 5. Education, Training and Information 6. Cooperation among Cooperatives 7. Concern for Community Cooperatives are based on the cooperative values of “self-help, self-responsibility, democracy and equality, equity and solidarity” and the seven cooperative principles. Types of Cooperatives - Housing cooperative - Building cooperative - Utility cooperative - Agricultural cooperative - Credit unions and cooperative banking - Federal or secondary cooperatives. Cooperatives begin and end with the Community; and since that is a vital and lacking aspect of rejuvenation for WPA, a Cooperative would be a positive addition that would bring pride, job opportunities, and positive ideals to the Community.
SA VA NN AH
81
GU LF WA Y
PR OC TE R TH OM AS
ML K
7T H
ST .
This T s map m shows ow ows ws potential ws p po otenti cooperative locations ote loca ca ation atio t on ns a ns ass referring err rrin to vacant vaca vac aca can ant ntt lland and map. Credit Unio Unions ons ons ns are are e th tthe he he most mo st famous ous us form us ffor o orm rm m off cooperative. c With the th he e potential p pot ote oten ent ntia nti tia ial all involvement invo o vement v en ent o off the t e EPA through makin making kin ng W West Wes e es st Port Port orrt A Arthur r one one ne of of its i showcase s cities, an and and nd through tthr th hro ro ou oug ugh gh h the the th e city’s ’s s interest inte nte tere ere res est stt shown ho in donating g la lan lland and an nd d or or oth o otherwise th he her erw rwi wise wis se e investing ve vesting estin sting t ng in np positive sit ideas for the e com c community, om omm mmu munit unity n ty, y,, a cre cred c cr credit edit ed ditt un union nio nion on nw would wo ould ou ul be an ideal coope cooperative era era rativ attive ve e th tthat ha hat att would w wou ou ould uld dp put ut ut new-found n new ew-fo ew w-fo -fou oun un nd power nd po in the han hands nd ds of ds of tthe he community he c com omm omm om munit mu unity nity y members m embe em mbe ber themselves. he selv
VISIONING
HO US TO N
CITY STRATEGY REFINERY SUPPORT
MOTIVA OUT SOURCES THE INDUSTRIAL SUPPORT SERVICES LISTED BELOW.
82
Comfort Cooling/ Hvac Process Refrigeration Building -- New Building -- Remodeling Industrial Cleaning Environmental Cleaning Janitorial Cleaning Concrete Excavation/grading Paving (Asphalt, Concrete) Demolition Of Building Dismantling Of Tanks Electrical -- General Electrical -- High Voltage, High Line Electrical -- Heat Tracing Electrical -- Cathodic Protection Electrical -- Grounding Systems Inspection -- General Ndt Inspection -- Infrared Scanning Inspection -- Eddy Current Testing Inspection -- Acoustic Emission Inspection -- Electrical Inspection -- Column Scanning Inspection -- Civil/soils Inspection -- High Voltage Electrical Inspection -- Electrical Ground Inspection -- Fiberglass
Metal/Concrete Linings/Coatings Field Maintenance -- Valves Field Maintenance -- Cooling Tower Field Maintenance -- Leak Sealing (Online) Field Maintenance -- Exchanger Retubing Field Maintenance -- Rotating Equipment Field Maintenance -- High Alloy Welding Field Maintenance -- Lead Linin Field Maintenance -- Glass Lining Field Maintenance -- Heat Treating Field Maintenance -- Non-metallic Materials Field Maintenance -- Pipe Fitting Field Maintenance -- Mobile Equipment Repair Painting Refrac/acid Brick Rigging/equipment Erection Scaffolding Scale Maintenance Structural Steel Fabrication Structural Steel Erection Tanks -- Field Erection Consulting -- Chemical Consulting -- Metallurgical Consulting -- Controls Dcs Control Systems Asbestos Abatement General Insulation
These services will create jobs. However, there are some disadvantages to choosing these support services. One, each of the above (except perhaps janitorial services) requires job training so jobs would not be instantly available. In this vein, we have recommended that a large job-training program accompanies this facility. Welding, forklift training and other physical skills could be taught in addition to general classroom sessions dedicated to learning about the inner-workings of the refinery. This would be the first step toward inspector training. The trainings taught would depend on both the choices of services to pursue as well as the availability of experts within or outside the community to train the community members. While, in many aspects, the refineries are seen as the “enemy” of West Port Arthur, they are currently the only reliable source of income in the area. Some might say that supporting the industries that are poisoning the community might be a cop-out of sorts, a “if you can’t beat ‘em, join ’em” attitude. Of course, the opposite view could be taken -- if the industries are going to be right on the periphery of West Port Arthur regardless, perhaps we should be taking advantage of them instead of the inverse.
83 VISIONING
One company that could be indicative of the potential for the refinery support services industry is Ventech. Ventech is a company located in Pasadena, Texas and was founded in 1967. They placed themselves in the center of the oil capitol of the country -- there are refineries processing more than 2 million barrels per day within a 10 mile radius of Ventech’s headquarters. When the big four oil companies of Port Arthur are combined, they process approximately 1.5 million barrels per day. This includes the refinery expansions. Ventech provide appraisals, engineering, procurement, construction and manufacturing services. They have a 120,000 sq ft corporate office and a 100,000 sq ft fabrication and manufacturing facility. All total, their facilities cover 32 acres in Pasadena. They specialize in dismantling process units, relocating plants and building new modular refineries. The new Port Arthur facility and job training center could follow this model and attempt to cover many services the refineries need. However, we would recommend choosing a few key services to train for initially and expanding to become similar to Ventech in the future if desired.
conclusion \\coming together.
CONCLUSION COMING TOGETHER
SOIL RECLAMATION CO-OPS HOME REPAIR REFINERY SUPPORT CREDIT UNIONS REUSE WAREHOUSE CHURCH BUS ROUTES STREET ART NEW CITY BUS ROUTES STOREFRONT ART
RECYCLED MATERIALS
CULTURAL
INSPIRED CREATIVITY SOFTENS HARDSCAPES VACANCY AWARENESS GREEN JOBS SPECIALIZED TRAINING WORK
JOB TRAINING CENTER
AIR/GROUND TOXIN REMOVAL
SELF-RESPONSIBILITY HOME REPAIR JOBS RELIABLE INCOME NEW BUS DRIVER JOBS
EDUCATION
MURALS+PUBLIC ART
PLANTS & PRODUCE
SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNITY GARDENS
INDUSTRY & JOB CREATION
SOLAR FARM
TRANSIT REVITALIZATION
LOT IMPROVEMENTS
BUS STOP STRUCTURES
PARTNERSHIP WITH SCHOOLS
DILAPIDATED HOME REMOVAL EVENT ANNOUNCEMENTS EQUALITY
CONNECTIVITY
86
OPEN SPACE OPPORTUNITIES
ENVIRONMENTAL
CLEAN ENERGY
EMPOWERED COMMUNITY VOLUNTARY SERVICE ACCESS TO AMENITIES
STRATEGIES
OPPORTUNITIES
87 VISIONING
refinery support services
tank farm park home-building job center
downtown street art community gardens and co-op
church bus routes downtown window murals
horseshoe pit kelley’s kitchen
WPA