Marine By: Kylie Kelham & Carsen Plew
Table of Contents Saving the Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle ………………………………………pg.1&2 Bringing Back the Steller Sea Lion …………………………………………. pg.3&4 Save the Blue Whale ……………………………………………………………. pg.5&6 Levels of Organization …………………………………………………………. pg.6 Organism’s role in the environment ………………………….…………. pg.7 Feeding Relationships ………………………………………………………...pg. 8 Biomass pyramid & pyramid of numbers …………….………………. pg. 9 Cycles …………………………………………………………………………………. pg. 10 Succession …………………………………………………………………………. pg.11 Population Growth …………………………………………………………… pg.12 Density Factors …………………………………………………………………pg.13 Demography ………………………………………………………………………. pg.14 Biodiversity …………………………………………………………………………. pg.15 Biomagnification …………………………………………………………………pg.16 Invasive Species …………………………………………………………………pg.17
Saving the Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle
I R C
Y L L A C I T
Fun Facts!!! § Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle have extremely powerful jaws that allow them to eat hard foods. § They can reach up 200 ft and 100lbs. § They have a rectangular head.
D E R E G N A D EN
§ Females can lay anywhere from 90-110 eggs. § They can live up to 50 years.
J ! ! N U F 1
I eat sea urchins, squid, and different types of fish! Nothing eats me J
WHAT DO I EAT?
I am a secondary consumer
WHAT ARE MY ADAPTATIONS? 1. I have a hard shell to keep me safe. 2. My slow metabolism helps me stay under water longer 3. My flippers help me swim fast 4. I am coldblooded, so I am always warm 5. I have webbed hands and feet, so I can swim super-
fast.
PROTECTION I am being protected by International treaties and NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service. They are making progress, but it is very slow. 2 There are between 7,000-9,000 left.
Bring Back the Steller Sea Lion
My Appetite:
-I eat all different types of fish depending on the time of year. -Killer whales and sharks eat me L -I am a secondary consumer.
My Adaptations:
1. I have long whiskers that help me sense prey under water. 2. I am huge and very aggressive; this helps me get food. 3. My smooth skin helps me glide through the water. 4. I can float to keep me cool. 3 5. I can land bread.
Want hear to som fun fa e abou cts t me?
Fun Facts!!! ยง I can get up to 11ft and 2,500 lbs. ยง Males are more muscular than females. ยง We shed our fur every year. ยง Deepest diving record is 424 meters. ยง Outside of water we are tan, but in the water, we are black.
Protection - I am protected by Endangered Species Act & Marine Mammal Protection. - Sadly, they are not making much progress, but they are still trying. - In 1917 my population was 220,000 to 265,000 and now is less than 50,000 in 2000
FUN FACTS! 4
Help save the Blue Whales! Fun abo facts ut m e!!
Fun factsJ
§ Blue Whales are the largest animal ever known to have lived on the earth. § The Blue Whales eat up to 5 tons of Krill per day! § They can weigh up to 200 tons.
§ § §
Blue Whales lifespan is 8090 years (in the wild) Oldest know blue whale was around 110 years old! They have a loud, deep voices and can communicate with other whales hundreds of miles away!
Programs that try to save me!!
- 4oceans helps get the plastic out of the ocean, so that I don’t think it’s my food and eat it. - 69% of whales have been recorded ingested marine plastic. 5
These are my appetite and my adaptations!
When I get hungry, I eat Krill and Copepods, they are very yummy!
-I get eaten by big packs of killer whales.L -But sometimes it’s just natural causes.
My adaptation is to help me be able to be live in the oceans. -Thick layer of blubber -Modified lungs -Better hearing -Larger arteries among other things -Blowholes to inhale and exhale oxygen 6
Levels of Organization
Community: Different species that live in the same area. Organisms: Individual living things that can survive & reproduce.
Ecosystem: A community with living & nonliving things. Population: Groups of organisms of the same species that live together
Ex. Sharks, turtles, rocks and water are examples of ecosystem. Ex. Sharks, turtles, fish and dolphins are examples of community. Ex. A turtle is Ex. A school of fish is an an example of example of population. an organism. 7
Organism’s role in environment Habitat: Where an
I li ve te with in o m pe wa cean ra rm s tu re s!
Ic
le o ea ce an t in an t h & g a by e gr lg as ae s
organism lives (its home) Niche: an organism’s job
The shark is the predator and the fish are the prey
Predator: Organism’s that eat other organisms
Prey: The organism that the predator eats
8
Feeding Relationships Trophic level1. Aquatic plants (photosynthetic) 2. Mollusks(herbivores) 3. Finfish (omnivores/herbivor es) 4. Crustaceans 5. Carnivorous/Finfish
Food Chain: Tells the order in which organisms, or living things, depend on each other for food.
Producers vs. Consumers Consumers: - They are the middle of the food chain. - They eat plankton, shrimp and mollusks. - Those are all primary consumers. (fish, whales)
Producers: - Needs sunlight through photosynthesis - Becoming food for tiny creatures called Zooplankton.
Seaweed
vs.
Whales
9
Biomass pyramid
Number of total mass of organisms. Shows possible amount of food available, measured in grams.
Pyramid of numbers
Number of organisms in each tropic level.
10
Cycles: Water Cycle:
- The earth has limited amount of water supply. - Salt water covers 97% of the Earth. - 3% is freshwater. - 2.7% is frozen water. - A lot of it is from surface runoff. - Surface runoff is rain/ melting snow that runs into oceans/ river/ ponds.
Nitrogen Cycle: - The nitrogen cycle of a marine -
biome‌ Is a chain reaction in nature. It results in different types. Those types are nitrifying bacteria: they each have their own job.
11
Changes in the ecosystem over time.
Primary: Happens when there is bare rock, no soil.
Ex. Volcanoes form new islands, glaciers melting.
Secondary: Happens after an ecosystem is destroyed.
Ex. After a forest fire, after floods.
Secondary succession is more likely to happen in the marine biome. A tsunami can come through and wipe out the biome.
12
13
Density Factors Density Factors Density independent: Affects as the population grows. Ex. Diseases, predators/prey,
Density dependent: Affects population no matter the population size. Ex. Floods, drought, tsunami
In the marine independent can happen from predators/ preys, diseases, freezing water temperatures, and completion for recourses.
In the marine dependent can happen from tsunamis, hurricanes, and littering in the ocean.
14
Demography Study of human population size.
- Diseases - Food production - Infant mortality decrease
Population in different age levels. In Mexico, a country near the marine, there are more people under the age of 15 than there is above the age of 29.
Age structures measure how many males & females are of each age. 15
Refers to the different species in one area. Biodiversity is more common near the equator. Ex. Tropics Biodiversity is less common in cornfields. This diagram shows that there’s less biodiversity in areas like deserts and more diversity in the tropics.
Importance: Nature: Species depend on other species to survive.
People: The oxygen we breathe comes from plants. The food we eat comes from plants & animals.
16
Biomagnification: Biomagnification is an increasing concentration of a substance that harms organisms that are of a higher trophic level.
One real life example is‌ Water to Zooplankton to small fish to large fish to birds that eat fish.
Biomagnification can hurt the top of the food chain too. This means high level predators are dangerous to lower animals in the food chain.
Another real-life example is‌ Mayfly to Bluegill to bass to human
17
Invasive species Plants or animals end up in a place where they are not from.
Lionfish
Northern Pacific Sea Star
Where are they from?
-The lionfish is originally from the Indo- Pacific. - The European Green Crab is from The European Coast and Northern Pacific. - The Northern Pacific Sea star is from the coasts of China, North and South Korea, and Japan.
Invasive species in the marine. -Lionfish -European Green Crab -Northern Pacific Sea star
European Green Crab
How did they get here?
- People released Lionfish because they no longer wanted them as pets. - The European Green Crab got into the marine through shipping. - The Northern Pacific Sea star also got the marine through shipping.
How did they disrupt the ecosystem? - The lionfish puts stress on coral reef and spread diseases. - The European Green Crab changed the balance between other species and caused biodiversity. 18 - The Northern Pacific Sea star is known as a pest to other species.
Predator: Organism’s that eat other organisms