Transdermal Drug Delivery - Technologies, Markets, and Companies

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Transdermal Drug Delivery - Technologies, Markets, and Companies Published on September 2011

Report Summary This report deals with transdermal drug delivery - an approach used to deliver drugs through the skin for therapeutic use as an alternative to oral,intravascular, subcutaneous and transmucosal routes. Various transdermal drug delivery technologies are described including the use of suitable formulations, carriers and penetration enhancers. The most commonly used transdermal system is the skin patch using various types of technologies. Nanoparticles as well as the use of physical agents to facilitate transcutaneous drug delivery is described. Microneedle and needleless technologies are also described. Transdermal technologies may be applied for several categories of pharmaceuticals used for the treatment of disorders of the skin or for systemic effect to treat diseases of other organs. Several transdermal products and applications include hormone replacement therapy, contraception, management of pain, angina pectoris, smoking cessation and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. The market for transdermal drug delivery is analyzed according to technologies and therapeutic areas from 2010 to 2020. This market is analyzed according to geographical regions as well.

Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENTS 0. Executive Summary 11 1. Basics of Transdermal Drug Delivery 13 Introduction 13 Historical landmarks in transdermal drug delivery 13 Anatomy and physiology of skin 14 Transcutaneous absorption 14 Transdermal versus other methods of drug delivery 14 Advantages of transdermal drug delivery 15 First-Pass Effect 15 Drawbacks of transdermal delivery 15 Factors that influence transdermal drug delivery 15 Events governing transcutaneous absorption 16 Properties of the skin 16 Properties of drugs 17 The role of pH and pharmacokinetics 17 Intradermal disposition of drugs after topical application 18 2. Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies 19 Introduction 19 Local application formulations 20 Crystalline topical formulations 20 Microemulsions for transdermal drug delivery 20 Nanoemulsions for transdermal drug delivery 21 Transdermal gel technology 21

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>> Get this Report Now by email! Film forming polymeric solutions 22 Biphasix system 23 Penetration enhancers 23 Chemical enhancers 23 Nitric oxide-based transdermal drug delivery 25 Vesicular transdermal carriers 25 Liposomes 26 Transfersomes 26 Ethosomes 27 Elastic vesicles for transdermal drug delivery 27 Nanovesicles for transdermal drug delivery 28 Transdermal patches 28 Adhesives for transdermal patches 29 Commercial development of transdermal patches 30 Innovations in transdermal patches 31 e-Patch' controlled release micropump system 31 Patchless Transdermal Delivery System 31 Metered-dose transdermal system 32 Use of physical modalities to facilitate transdermal transport 32 Transdermal electrotransport 32 Electroporation 33 Drug delivery by electroporation 34 Cryoelectrophoresis 35 Iontophoresis 36 Iontophoresis compared with electrophoresis 36 Application of iontophoresis for drug delivery 36 Companies with technologies for drug delivery by iontophoresis 38 Combination of electrophoresis and iontophoresis 38 Dermaportation 39 Radiofrequency-driven transdermal delivery 39 Microporation 39 Transcutaneous drug delivery by electropulsation 40 Companies involved in electroporation-based drug delivery 40 Electrode Scanning System 41 Use of electrostatic force in skin patch technology 41 Multiple Absorption Kinetic System 41 Transdermal drug delivery facilitated by heat 42 Controlled, heat-aided drug delivery 42 Ultrasound 43 Magnetophoresis 44 Use of lasers for transdermal drug delivery 44 Transdermal drug delivery by laser-induced pressure waves 44 Transdermal drug delivery by laser-assisted changes in skin 45 Transdermal delivery by gas under pressure 46 Transdermal delivery with PowderJect gas gun 46 Microscission induced by gas 46 Microneedles and dermal microinjection technologies 46 Microneedle patch 47

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>> Get this Report Now by email! Technologies for transdermal vaccination 103 Dermal microinjection technology for delivery of vaccines 103 Electroporation for administering DNA vaccines 103 Intradermal delivery of cancer vaccines by adenoviral vectors 104 Needle free delivery of vaccines 104 Transcutaneous immunization 105 Applications of transdermal vaccination 105 HIV/AIDS vaccination by topical application 105 Transdermal DNA influenza vaccine 106 Transdermal A' vaccination for Alzheimer's disease 106 Transdermal vaccination for traveller's diarrhoea 106 Transdermal neutraceuticals 107 Complications of transdermal therapy 107 Adverse effects of drugs 107 Overdose effect 108 Skin complications 108 4. Markets for Transdermal Drug Delivery 109 Introduction 109 Global markets for drug delivery 109 Geographical distribution of transdermal drug delivery markets 110 Emerging transdermal drug delivery markets in Asia 110 Transdermal technology markets in therapeutic areas 110 Angina pectoris 111 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 111 Erectile dysfunction 111 Hypertension 112 Pain therapeutics 112 Parkinson's disease 112 Smoking cessation 112 Transdermal hormone replacement therapy for menopause 112 Transdermal testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism in the male 113 Transdermal contraceptive market 113 Markets according to transdermal technologies 113 Marketing strategies for transdermal drug delivery 114 Marketing advantages of transdermal drug delivery 114 Unmet needs in transdermal drug delivery 115 Future prospects of transdermal drug delivery 116 Prospects of transdermal delivery for drugs coming off patents 116 Transdermal delivery of cosmetics 117 5. Companies involved in transdermal drug delivery 119 Profiles of companies 119 Collaborations 252 6. References 257 List of Tables Table 1 1: Historical landmarks in the development of transdermal drug delivery 13 Table 1 2: Transdermal vs oral and intravenous drug delivery 15 Table 2 1: Technologies for transdermal drug delivery 19

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>> Get this Report Now by email! Table 2 2: Chemical enhancers of skin penetration 24 Table 2 3: Drug-in-adhesive versus reservoir type of transdermal patch 29 Table 2 4: Companies developing transdermal patches for drug delivery 30 Table 2 5: Companies with technologies for drug delivery by iontophoresis 38 Table 2 6: Companies involved in electroporation-based drug delivery 41 Table 2 7: Companies developing microneedles for transdermal drug delivery 49 Table 2 8: Comparison of transdermal drug delivery systems 55 Table 3 1: Approved transdermal products 61 Table 3 2: Transdermal drugs in clinical trials or approval process 63 Table 4 1: Worldwide drug delivery market growth 2010 to 2020 109 Table 4 2: Transdermal drug delivery markets for geographical regions 2010 to 2020 110 Table 4 3: Potential therapeutic markets for transdermal products 2010-2020 111 Table 4 4: Markets according to transdermal technologies 113 Table 4 5: Marketing strategies based on transdermal drug delivery technologies 114 Table 5 1: Collaborations in transdermal drug delivery 252 List of Figures Figure 1 1: Basic structure of the skin 14 Figure 1 2: Events governing transcutaneous drug absorption 17 Figure 2 1: Basic structure and function of transdermal drug delivery systems 29 Figure 2 2: A schematic view of electroporation 33 Figure 2 3: Depiction of breakdown of the stratum corneum during electroporation 35 Figure 2 4: A schematic drawing of Iontophoresis 36 Figure 2 5: SonoPrep ultrasonic skin permeation 43 Figure 2 6: A schematic drawing of the microneedle patch 47 Figure 3 1: Oral versus transdermal administration of a drug in Parkinson's disease 71 Figure 4 1: Unmet needs in transdermal drug delivery 116

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