MASTERINGPSYCHOLOGYHUMAN A self-help guide on human behavior in psychology and effective strategies to build positivity and increase happiness in life
TABLE OF CONTENTS HumanWhatIntroduction...........................................................................1AreTheVariousTypesOfPsychology?...................2BehaviorTypesInPsychology...............................4 What Exactly Is Human Behavior? ....................................4 Human Behavior Classifications .........................................6 1. Molar And Molecular Behavior......................................6 2. Overt & Covert Behavior................................................7 3. Voluntary And Involuntary Behavior.............................7 Four Popular Personality Types..........................................8 1. Optimistic .......................................................................8 2. Pessimistic ......................................................................8 3. Trusting...........................................................................9 4. Envious...........................................................................9 Methods For Investigating Human Behavior...................10 1. Introspection Method:...................................................10 2. Observation Method:....................................................11 3. Experimental Method:..................................................12 4. Clinical Method/Case History Method:........................14 5. Survey Method..............................................................15 6. Genetic Method ............................................................15 7. Method Of Testing........................................................16
Strategies To Build Positive Behavior And Increase ConclusionsHappiness.............................................................................17..........................................................................19
1 INTRODUCTION
hydo we actuallyact the waywe do? Why do some people prefer hot chocolate and others coffee? Whydo some people live to surf while others prefer to stay home and read a book? How come some of us can name everyone we've ever met while others struggle to remember our phone numbers? Why do some people appear to be always happy and prosperous, whereas others see no other option but to end their painful lives bysuicide? These are the questions that psychology, the science of human behavior, can attempt to answer. This short article will look at the various branches of psychology and get a quick overview of what psychologists do. W
xperimental psychology and social psychology are the two major branches of psychology.
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• Social psychology
2 WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGY?
It studies human behavior using traditional, laboratory based scientific methods: it employs techniques similar to physics, chemistry, or biology, which are often carried out in a lab, except that instead of studying light rays, chemical reactions, or beetles, the experiments involve ourselves and other people.
It is concerned with how people behave in everyday situations, such as how they react to advertisements, why they commit crimes, and how we can work more efficiently in offices and factories. Social psychology does not always involve experiments; it may rely on questionnaires or observations.
Of course, we can study social psychology in a lab
• Experimental psychology
3 using rigorous experiments, just as we can conduct meticulous experiments in the real world; the distinction I've made between experimental and social psychologyis arbitrary and artificial, but it reflects how psychology is frequently taught in schools and colleges, as well as how it's written up in textbooks and scientific papers. This is mainly historical: in the late nineteenth century, when psychology was still a relatively new field, psychologists wanted to be taken seriously as scientists, so they attempted to use scientific methods to cloak the subjects they studied. To this day, social psychology and sociology (the study of how individuals and groups behave in society) are stigmatized; whether fair or not, some people regard them as soft sciences lacking academic rigor.
nderstanding human behavior can be simplified if we understand how they behave in different situations. In other words, understanding human behavior is critical to understanding human mental health. Simply put, a study of human behavior has identified four basic personality types. This article discusses the various kinds of human behavior as defined by psychologists. This topic is for you if you want to learn about different types of human behavior. What Exactly Is Human Behavior?
One definition states that "behavior can be defined as a person's actions or reactions in response to an external or internal stimulus situation." To comprehend the behavior behavior is the process of approving or disapproving human behavior. Many judge others based on their actions and responses to various stimuli. The U
HUMAN TYPES IN PSYCHOLOGY
BEHAVIOR
4
Evaluatingof
5 nature of the person and the nature of the situation have the most significant influence on behavior. To learn more about human behavior and to make positive changes in your behavior, contact Practical Anxiety Solutions, which helps users understand psychology under scrutiny.
An unanticipated behavior that occurs without thought. One who is interested in this! Molar Behavior This behavior occurs after thinking, unlike molecular behavior. When people see something harmful, for example, they change their behavior. H
1. Molar and Molecular Behavior
umanbehaviorcan beclassifiedbasedonhow people act or behave in various situations and respond to multiple stimuli. Let us now look at some well known and essential types of human behavior.Thefollowing are examples of common human behaviors:
6 HUMAN CLASSIFICATIONSBEHAVIOR
Molecular Behavior
This is a visible type of behavior that can occur in the absenceofhumans.Someexamplesincludeeating,riding a bicycle, and playing football. Covert behavior
Overt Behavior
Voluntary Behavior
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2. Overt & Covert Behavior
3. Voluntary and Involuntary Behavior
As opposed to overt behavior, is not visible. Because no one can see us think, it is an example of covert behavior.
This is a type of behavior that is motivated by human desire. We can categorize.
Involuntary Behavior
Unlike voluntary behavior, involuntary behavior occurs naturally and without thought. Air breathing is a prime example of involuntary behavior.
8 FOUR POPULARTYPESPERSONALITY
2. Pessimistic
Different personality types appear to be balanced. It is estimated that 20% of the world's population has this personality. A pessimist may question everything around them. Furthermore, these people can be optimistic in A
n essential human behavior research study classified human personality into four types: 'optimistic,' 'pessimistic,' 'trusting,' and 'envious.' Unfortunately, the most common type is envy. According to experts, more than 90% of people fall into one of these categories. Different personality types appear to be balanced.
1. Optimistic
It is estimated that approximately20% of the people in the world have this personality. An optimistic person maintains their optimism in all situations and perseveres despite adversity. Furthermore, in some situations, these people can be pessimistic.
3. Trusting
9 certain situations.
It is estimated that 20% of the people on the planet have this personality. Trusting others is one of the essential characteristics of trusting people. These people do not require a compelling reason to believe others. There are times when these people may not trust others.
4. Envious
The number of people with this personalitytype varies by society. According to the research discussed here, approximately 30% of the world's population is thought to have this personality. Envious people are not always negative; they can also be supportive. It should be noted that a single person can become optimistic, pessimistic, envious, or trusting because these characteristics are present in all humans. People who can easily trust others are referred to as trust, and so on.
10 METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING HUMAN BEHAVIOR sychologists developed the following important methods for studying human behavior: 1. Method of Introspection 2. Method of Observation 3. Experimental Procedure 4. Case History Method/Clinical Method 5. Survey Methodology 6. Genetic Method 7. Testing Procedure. 1. Introspection Method: EB Titchener pioneered this method. This is also referred to as the self-observation method. Introspection means 'looking within.' It is impossible to comprehend another person's inner feelings and experiences. However, the individual can P
2. Observation Method: This method is beneficial in situations where experiments are not possible. The observer will observe and collect data using this method. In a hospital, for example, the nurse will observe the patient's temperature, pulse, blood pressure, facial expressions, and so on. This method is ideal for studying children, the
11 observe and report.
A patient, for example, can report his pains and other disturbances more effectively than a nurse. He will examine himself and express his emotions. This will aid in the treatment. Though introspection is a helpful method, it does have some drawbacks. These are: Because we cannot verify the observer's reports, we must accept his report. Even when he is reporting correctly, there can be distortions. This specific method cannot be used to study children, animals, or people with mental disorders. However, this is a low cost and straightforward method.
This is an excellent and practical method. However, there are some drawbacks here: There is a possibility of subjective reporting, and observer prejudices may creep in. To observe natural behavior, the observer may need to invest more time, energy, and money.
12 mentally ill, animals, and unconscious patients. The observer may visit natural settings, situations, and so on to obtain objective data.
Because the person being observed is unaware that he is being observed in natural settings, his behavior will be natural/original. As a result, this method is also known as "naturalistic observation" or "objective observation."
3. Experimental Method:
This is the most objective approach to studying behavior. Experiments are carried out in laboratories under controlled conditions in this method. The independent variable's effect on the dependent variable is typically studied in experiments. As a result, there will be two independent and dependent variables. There will be some other variables
13 the experimenter does not want, and their interference may affect the experiment results. Such variables must be managed. These undesirable variables are called 'extraneous' or 'intervening'variables. Experiments are carried out under controlled conditions to limit the impact of these extraneous variables.
Examples: The effect of music on blood pressure levels can be studied in laboratories. Music is the independent variable,and blood pressureis thedependent controlled.sameconstant.theexperiments,thebeonlyvariablesvariable.Allothersoundsotherthanmusicareextraneousthatmustbecontrolledtoassesstheeffectofmusic.Similarly,variousdrugs,foods,andsooncanstudied.Experimentscanalsobecarriedoutwithtwogroups:experimentalgroupandthecontrolgroup.Insuchtheindependentvariableisonlyappliedtoexperimentalgroup,whilethecontrolgroupremainsOtherwise,theexperimentcanbeperformedonthegroupundertwoconditions:experimentaland
14 In most experiments, the following steps are taken: Problem identification Hypothesis formulation Experiment design An experiment is testing the hypothesis, Results analysis Results interpretation The advantage of this method is that the experimental results can be verified by repeating them. However, this method has some drawbacks. They are as follows: Conducting experiments is very expensive and time-consuming, and Experiments cannot be conducted outside of the laboratory. 4. Clinical Method/Case History Method: This method is widely used in both hospitals and educational settings. When a patient is admitted to a hospital, the nurse can collect detailed information about
6. Genetic Method
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Also known as the developmental method. The majority of our behaviors are the result of prior experiences. When we need to understand behavior, we
the patient's disease. The information includes the disease's history, previous treatments, changes, if any, such as improvement, current condition, probable causes, signs and symptoms, and so on. This information can be obtained from the patient, his close relatives such as parents, siblings, or others who accompany him, or his friends, neighbors, and so on.
This is used to collect data from many people. Questionnaires, checklists, rating scales, and inventories are used to collect the necessary information. This method is commonly used to collect information about political opinions, customer preferences, etc. It can also be used to learn about the medical profession, such as disease awareness and treatment programs, malnutrition, opinions about health needs, health facilities available, and so on.
5. Survey Method
7. Method of Testing
This can be accomplished in two ways:
Psychologists create various tests to study multiple aspects of behavior. By administering appropriate tests, attitudes, interests, abilities, intelligence, adjustments, personality, and other factors influencingbehavior can be studied.
16 must also consider its developmental aspects. For example, to understand adult behavior, we must first understand their childhood development.
Through a cross sectional studyin which children of various ages are studied concurrently, and Through a longitudinal study in which the same individual is studied at various stages of life. This is a helpful method for understanding behavior regarding hereditary and environmental influences.
17 STRATEGIES TO BUILD POSITIVE BEHAVIOR AND HAPPINESSINCREASE ere are some tips for increasing happiness in yourConcentratelife: on problem-solving rather thanSpendventing.time cultivating meaningful relationships with encouraging people. Count your blessings and express gratitude. Make time to perform random acts of kindness. Respond activelyand constructively, and rejoice when others bring you good news. Mindfully attend to others, and practice compassion andIempathy.nsteadofbeing overly self-critical or perfectionistic, be kind to Savoringyourself.experiences will increase and prolong your H
Set meaningful goals for yourself that will give you structure and purpose, as well as a sense of identity and self-esteem.Createintrinsic motivation rather than simply doing things to please others.
18 enjoyment of them.
Seek out healthy challenges that push your abilities just a little beyond your comfort zone to realize your full potential.Instead of focusing solely on what you still want, appreciate what you already have. Instead of complaining and reinforcing negativity, cultivate optimism and practice positivelyreframing your circumstances.
A top psychiatrist or psychologist is well aware of this. You may have additional questions about this subject, and a psychologist or psychiatrist can assist you.
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Finally, we can say that understanding human behavior can help us deal with various people effectively.
ccording to psychologists, this eBook discussed various types of human behavior. You are now aware of multiple types of human behavior. This topic may have given you a better understanding of human behavior and how we can understand it.
19 CONCLUSIONS
