Resources For the Future Directory of Experts by Resources for the Future

Resources for the Future

DIRECTORY OF EXPERTS FOR

POLICYMAKERS

AND

THE

MEDIA

RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

DIRECtORy OF ExPERtS FOR

POLICYMAKERS

AND

CONTENTS

Using the Directory Index of Expertise

RFF Experts University Fellows Research Associates

About RFF Board of Directors Senior Management RFF Centers Online Resources Publications at RFF RFF Press OямГce of Communications

THE

MEDIA

USING THE DIRECTORY

is guide highlights the work and expertise of the research staff at Resources for the Future. It encompasses the scope of RFF’s research agenda for external audiences—particularly print, broadcast, and online media—as well as for governmental and nongovernmental policymakers. e Index of Expertise section details the research topics that RFF frequently receives inquiries about and lists individual researchers who can address each of these issues. Researcher profiles are listed in alphabetical order in the RFF Experts section, and contact information is provided for each expert. e RFF website contains an Internet-based version of these researcher profiles at www.rff. org/researchers. e online materials contain additional details on our scholars and their current work, including links to their websites, curriculum vitae, video interviews, lists of publications, and expanded biographical data. e titles Senior Fellow and Fellow refer to full-time staff research positions at RFF. Some experts are designated as Visiting Scholars, who are in residence for a limited time to collaborate on RFF research or pursue discrete projects. Others are Nonresident Fellows, who are established academicians affiliated with other institutions or are noted practitioners with relevant experience in particular disciplines. Center Fellows are scholars who are closely affiliated with a particular RFF program and work exclusively on its research. University Fellows are outstanding scholars at universities around the world who are appointed to establish closer working relationships between RFF and the wider academic community. As an independent, nonpartisan, and nonprofit institution, RFF freely shares the results of its economic and policy analyses with all interested parties, including policymakers in government at all levels, environmental and business organizations, academics, members of the press, and the general public. RFF takes no institutional position on political, legislative, regulatory, judicial, or other public policy matters. Views expressed by staff and scholars are their own and should not be attributed to RFF, its Board of Directors, or its officers. MEDIA AND OTHER PUBLIC INQUIRIES

Journalists and decisionmakers in the policy community are encouraged to contact RFF’s Communications Oﬃce for assistance in reaching RFF researchers or to request copies of publications or other materials. In addition, most RFF publications are posted on our website and may be downloaded at no cost. MEDIA CONTACTS

Stan Wellborn, Director of Public Affairs, 202.328.5026, wellborn@rff.org GENERAL PUBLIC ASSISTANCE

Scott Hase, Manager of Institutional Outreach, 202.328.5006, hase@rff.org

INDEX OF EXPERTISE

A. Hoffmann, Raymond J. Kopp, Alan J.

See also Africa and Asia

ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT

James W.

Boyd, James N. Sanchirico, P. Lynn Scarlett, Leonard A. Shabman

ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAXATION POLICY

Ian W.H. Parry

Allen Blackman, Roger M.

ANTIBIOTICS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

INTERNATIONAL

Carolyn Fischer, Ramanan Laxminarayan,

Cooke, Maureen Cropper, Carolyn Fischer,

Stephen W. Salant

Winston Harrington, Sandra A. Hoffmann,

CHILDREN’S HEALTH

Sandra A. Hoffmann,

Raymond J. Kopp, Alan J. Krupnick, Molly K. Macauley, Richard D. Morgenstern

Alan J. Krupnick DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Ramanan Laxminarayan,

REGIONAL, STATE, AND LOCAL

Timothy J.

Brennan, Winston Harrington, Sandra A. Hoffmann, Carolyn Kousky, Alan J. Krupnick,

Stephen W. Salant

P. Lynn Scarlett, Phil Sharp FOOD AND DRUG SAFETY

Randall Lutter,

Sandra A. Hoffmann

RENEWABLE ENERGY

HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Maureen

RENEWABLE ENERGY— GENERAL

Stephen P.A.

Cropper, Sandra Hoffmann, Alan J. Krupnick,

Brown, Dallas Burtraw, Carolyn Fischer, Alan J.

Ramanan Laxminarayan

Krupnick, Karen L. Palmer, Anthony Paul, Roger

MALARIA

Maureen Cropper, Ramanan Laxmi-

narayan

A. Sedjo, Phil Sharp, Jhih-Shyang Shih BIOENERGY

PANDEMIC FLU PESTICIDES

Maureen Cropper

Sandra A. Hoffmann, Alan J.

Krupnick, Juha V. Siikamäki REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Stephen P.A. Brown

SCALING-UP INTERVENTION FOR HIV/AIDS, TB, AND MALARIA

Ramanan Laxminarayan

Roger A. Sedjo, Jhih-Shyang Shih

RENEWABLE ENERGY— PUBLIC LANDS

Joshua Linn, Jhih-Shyang Shih, P. Lynn Scarlett WIND POWER

Joshua Linn

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT— GENERAL

J. Clarence (Terry) Davies, Sandra A.

VALUATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY

Hoffmann, Carolyn Kousky, Molly K. Macauley,

Alan J. Krupnick, Sheila M. Olmstead

Leonard A. Shabman, Jhih-Shyang Shih

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS FEDERAL

James W. Boyd, Allen Blackman,

Timothy J. Brennan, Mark A. Cohen, Maureen Cropper, J. Clarence (Terry) Davies, Winston Harrington, Sandra A. Hoffmann, Carolyn

EXPERT JUDGMENT

Roger M. Cooke, Sandra

A. Hoffmann, Alan J. Krupnick INSURANCE

Carolyn Kousky

RELIABILITY

Roger M. Cooke

RISK ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

Roger M.

Cooke, Sandra A. Hoffmann, Carolyn Kousky

Kousky, Alan J. Krupnick, Randall Lutter, Molly K. Macauley, Richard D. Morgenstern, Heather Ross, P. Lynn Scarlett, Leonard A. Shabman, Phil Sharp, Jhih-Shyang Shih

RISK COMMUNICATION

Roger M. Cooke,

Sandra A. Hoffmann, Carolyn Kousky, Leonard A. Shabman UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS

Roger M. Cooke,

Sandra A. Hoffmann, Leonard A. Shabman

SOLAR POWER

Carolyn Fischer, Winston

CAFE STANDARDS

Harrington, Joshua Linn, Ian W.H. Parry,

See Renewable Energy

Phil Sharp, Kenneth A. Small, Roberton C. SOLAR POWER—GENERAL

Joshua Linn

SPACE POLICY SPACE POLICY—GENERAL

Williams III FUEL TAXES

Timothy J. Brennan,

Molly K. Macauley, Ian W.H. Parry

Ian W.H. Parry, Kenneth A. Small,

Margaret A. Walls, Roberton C. Williams III HOT / HOV LANES AND ROAD PRICING

Winston Harrington, Ian W.H. Parry SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Maureen

LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT—GENERAL

Allen Blackman, James W. Boyd, Mark A.

Cropper, Winston Harrington, Virginia McConnell, Kenneth A. Small, Margaret A. Walls

Cohen, Virginia McConnell TELECOMMUTING

TAXATION AND PUBLIC

Margaret A. Walls

TRAFFIC CONGESTION

FINANCE

Winston Harrington,

Ian W.H. Parry, Kenneth A. Small

TAXATION AND PUBLIC FINANCE—GENERAL

Stephen P.A. Brown, Molly K. Macauley, Ian

TRANSIT SUBSIDIES

Ian W.H. Parry, Kenneth A.

Small

W.H. Parry, Margaret A. Walls, Roberton C. TRANSPORTATION FINANCE

Williams III

Ian W.H. Parry,

Kenneth A. Small, Roberton C. Williams III TECHNOLOGY AND THE

VEHICLE EMISSIONS

ENVIRONMENT TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT— GENERAL

Maureen Cropper,

Winston Harrington, Virginia McConnell, Kenneth A. Small, Margaret A. Walls

Allen Blackman, J. Clarence (Terry)

Davies, Carolyn Fischer, Raymond J. Kopp,

VALUATION OF

Molly K. Macauley, Ian W.H. Parry, Roger A.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

Sedjo, Jhih-Shyang Shih

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS— GENERAL

TRANSPORTATION

Allen Blackman, Dallas Burtraw,

Mark A. Cohen, Maureen Cropper, Sandra A.

TRANSPORTATION—GENERAL

Winston

Hoffmann, Raymond J. Kopp, Alan J. Krupnick,

Harrington, Shanjun Li, Joshua Linn, Virginia

John A. List, Virginia McConnell, Leonard A.

McConnell, Ian W.H. Parry, Kenneth A. Small

Shabman, Kenneth A. Small, Juha V. Siikamäki

ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND VEHICLES

Stephen

P.A. Brown, Carolyn Fischer, Alan J. Krupnick, Virginia McConnell, Margaret A. Walls AUTO INSURANCE REFORM

Ian W.H. Parry

ECOSYSTEM BENEFIT INDICATORS

James W.

Boyd, P. Lynn Scarlett, Leonard A. Shabman ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Alan J. Krupnick

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING— GREEN GDP

James W. Boyd, Joel Darmstadter

VALUATION OF HEALTH

FLOODING

BENEFITS

Leonard A. Shabman,

VALUATION OF HEALTH BENEFITS—GENERAL

OIL SPILLS / MARINE RESOURCE DAMAGE

Sandra A. Hoffmann, Ramanan Laxminarayan,

W. Boyd, Mark A. Cohen, Raymond J. Kopp,

Alan J. Krupnick

Nathan Richardson, P. Lynn Scarlett, Leonard A.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Juha V. Siikamäki

Roger M. Cooke, Carolyn Kousky,

Shabman SAFE DRINKING WATER

VALUING CHILDREN’S HEALTH

Sandra A. Hoffmann, Alan J. Krupnick

James

Winston Harrington,

Sandra A. Hoffmann, Sheila M. Olmstead, Leonard A. Shabman

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP See also Environmental Justice BENEFITS OF CLEANUP BROWNFIELDS

WATER DEMAND AND USE

James W. Boyd,

Daniel F. Morris, Sheila M. Olmstead, Leonard A. Shabman

James W. Boyd

Allen Blackman

NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGES

WATER PRICING

Sheila M. Olmstead

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

James W.

Boyd, Raymond J. Kopp, P. Lynn Scarlett

James W.

Boyd, Molly K. Macauley, Daniel F. Morris, Sheila M. Olmstead, P. Lynn Scarlett, Leonard A. Shabman, Jhih-Shyang Shih

SOLID WASTE AND RECYCLING

Molly K.

Macauley, Karen L. Palmer, Jhih-Shyang Shih,

WATER RIGHTS

James W. Boyd, Daniel F.

Morris, Leonard A. Shabman

Margaret A. Walls VOLUNTARY CLEANUP

Allen Blackman

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

Winston Harrington,

Daniel F. Morris, Sheila M. Olmstead, Leonard WATER

A. Shabman, Jhih-Shyang Shih

See also Public Health and Oceans and Fisheries WATER—GENERAL

Allen Blackman, Daniel F.

Morris, Sheila M. Olmstead, Leonard A. Shabman CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED

James W.

Boyd, Alan J. Krupnick, Virginia McConnell, Leonard A. Shabman CLEAN WATER ACT AND OTHER REGULATIONS

James W. Boyd, Winston Harrington,

Sheila M. Olmstead, Leonard A. Shabman EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT ON WATER QUALITY

Virginia McConnell

EVERGLADES RESTORATION

P. Lynn Scarlett

WIND POWER See Renewable Energy

RFF EXPERTS

Senior Fellow

ALLEN BLACKMAN

JAMES W. BOYD Senior Fellow and Director, Center for the Management of Ecological Wealth TIMOTHY J. BRENNAN

Senior Fellow

STEPHEN P.A. BROWN

Nonresident Fellow

Senior Fellow

DALLAS BURTRAW

Senior Fellow and Vice President for Research MARK A. COHEN

JOHN A. LIST

Nonresident Fellow

RANDALL LUTTER

Visiting Scholar Senior Fellow and

MOLLY K. MACAULEY

Research Director VIRGINIA MCCONNELL

RICHARD D. MORGENSTERN DANIEL F. MORRIS

LUCIJA ANNA MUEHLENBACHS

Fellow

Chauncey Starr Senior Darius Gaskins Senior Fellow and Associate Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy

KAREN L. PALMER

Fellow Senior Fellow

MAUREEN CROPPER JOEL DARMSTADTER

Senior Fellow

REBECCA EPANCHIN-NIELL HARRISON FELL

Senior Fellow

Fellow

ROBERT FRI

Visiting Scholar

ANTHONY PAUL

Center Fellow

NIGEL PURVIS

Visiting Scholar

MICHAEL T. ROCK HEATHER ROSS

Senior Fellow and Associate Research Director WINSTON HARRINGTON

Visiting Scholar Fellow

Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy RAYMOND J. KOPP

Resident Scholar

Gilbert F. White Fellow

Visiting Scholar

STEPHEN W. SALANT

Nonresident Fellow Nonresident Fellow

JAMES N. SANCHIRICO

Visiting Scholar

SANDRA A. HOFFMANN

Allen V. Kneese Senior Fellow

NATHAN RICHARDSON

Senior Fellow and Associate Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy CAROLYN FISCHER

ARTHUR G. FRAAS

IAN W.H. PARRY

P. LYNN SCARLETT

Visiting Scholar

ROGER A. SEDJO Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Forest Economics and Policy LEONARD A. SHABMAN PHIL SHARP

Resident Scholar

President

JHIH-SHYANG SHIH

Fellow

JUHA V. SIIKAMÄKI

Fellow

ALAN J. KRUPNICK Senior Fellow, Research Director, and Director, Center for Energy Economics and Policy

KENNETH A. SMALL

CAROLYN KOUSKY

RAMANAN LAXMINARAYAN SHANJUN LI

Fellow

JOSHUA LINN

Fellow

Senior Fellow

Nonresident Fellow

MARGARET A. WALLS

Thomas J. Klutznick

Senior Fellow ROBERTON C. WILLIAMS III Senior Fellow and Director, Academic Programs

RFF EXPERTS

J. CLARENCE (TERRY) DAVIES

MUN HO

Senior Fellow

Center Fellow

SHEILA M. OLMSTEAD ROGER M. COOKE

Senior Fellow

ALLEN BLACKMAN

Senior Fellow 202.328.5073 · blackman@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AGRICULTURE AIR QUALITY

Shade-Grown Coffee

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

Emissions Permit Trading and Other Incentive

Hydropower in South America, Regulatory Policy–Columbia, Shade-Grown Coffee, Small Enterprises and Pollution, Tropical Forests and

Approaches

Climate Change, U.S.-Mexico Border Pollution, ASIA

Environmental Policies in China

CLIMATE CHANGE

Issues in Latin America

Forest Carbon

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FORESTRY

Voluntary Regulation in Latin America, Water

General

Federal, International

General

Forest Carbon, Forest Disturbance

and Management, Forest Modeling INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

General

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

General VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General, Inter-

national Development and the Environment

General WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP

Brown-

fields, Voluntary Cleanup WATER

General

PROFILE

An expert on environmental and natural resource policy in developing countries, Allen Blackman focuses principally on industrial pollution control and tropical deforestation in Latin America and Asia. Much of his research evaluates environmental management strategies that aim to overcome barriers to conventional regulation in developing countries, including weak institutions and missing infrastructure. He coordinates RFF’s participation in the Environment for Development (EfD) initiative and is a research fellow at the EfD Center for Central America. Blackman’s work on industrial pollution control analyzes public disclosure programs, economic incentive instruments, and voluntary regulation. He has also studied

the adoption and diffusion of clean and climate-friendly technologies. His research on tropical deforestation assesses agroforestry systems and conservation policies such as protected areas and payments for environmental services programs. He also has worked extensively on U.S. environmental regulatory reform, including voluntary programs and mortgage innovations designed to affect land use. Past work has examined conservation policies in Mexico and Costa Rica, air pollution issues along the U.S.–Mexico border, voluntary regulation in Mexico and Colombia, public disclosure in India and Indonesia, and voluntary efforts to clean up brownfield properties in the United States. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of texas–Austin, 1993. B.A. in political science and international relations, University of Pennsylvania, 1983. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Voluntary Regulation in Developing Countries: Mexico’s Clean Industry Program, with B. Lahiri, B. Pizer, M. Rivera Planter, and C. Muñoz Piña. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. In Press. Alternative Pollution Control Policies in Developing Countries. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. In Press. User-Financing in a National Payments for Environmental Services Program: Costa Rican Hydropower, with R. Woodward. Ecological Economics 69(8): 1626–1638, 2010. Land Cover in a Managed Forest Ecosystem: Mexican Shade Coﬀee, with Heidi J. Albers, Beatriz Ávalos Sartorio, and Lisa Murphy. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 90(1): 216–231, 2008. Small Firms and the Environment in Developing Countries: Collective Impacts, Collective Action. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2006.

JAMES W. BOYD

Senior Fellow and Director, Center for the Management of Ecological Wealth 202.328.5013 · boyd@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AGRICULTURE

Agriculture and Ecosystem

Services

OCEANS AND FISHERIES

General, Ecosystem-

Based Management

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

General,

Ecosystem Management, Wildlife Conservation COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

General

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY

OIL

General

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

Ecosystem Benefits Indicators, Environmental Accounting, Green GDP

FORESTRY

Ecosystem Services WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

Benefits

of Cleanup, Natural Resource Damages

General WATER LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

General;

Cheaspeake Bay Watershed, Clean

Water Act and Other Regulations, Oil Spills/

Ecosystem Restoration; Ecosystem Services;

Marine Resource Damage, Water Demand and

Parks, Refuges, and Wilderness

Use, Water Resource Management, Water

NONMARKET VALUATION

General

Rights

PROFILE

Jim Boyd’s research lies at the intersection of economics, ecology, and law, with a particular focus on the measurement and management of ecosystem goods and services. Boyd emphasizes the need to better coordinate economic and ecological research to improve the practical performance of green incentives, markets, and investments. He advocates and works on the practical design of a green GDP—national environmental accounts to capture and track the status of environmental public goods and services and measure the environmental consequences of economic growth. Boyd directs the RFF Center for the Management of Ecological Wealth, which was created to work with practitioners, scholars, and policymakers to incorporate ecological science into public policies to protect, enhance, and manage the social wealth arising from natural systems.

He has served on National Academy of Science and other advisory panels, including most recently the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Committee on Valuing Ecological Systems and Services. He has been a visiting professor at Stanford University (2007–2008) and Washington University in St. Louis (1996) and was director of the Energy and Natural Resources Division at Resources for the Future (2002–2007). EDUCATION

Ph.D. in applied microeconomics, e Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 1993. B.A. in history, University of Michigan, 1986. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Location, Location, Location: e Geography of Ecosystem Services. Resources 170. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Don’t Measure, Don’t Manage: GDP and the Missing Economy of Nature. Issue brief. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. What Are Ecosystem Services? with Spencer Banzhaf. Ecological Economics 63(2–3): 616–626, 2007. e Nonmarket Beneﬁts of Nature: What Should Be Counted in Green GDP? Ecological Economics 61, 2007. Water Pollution taxes: A Good Idea Doomed to Failure? Public Finance and Management 3(1): 34–66, 2003. e New Face of the Clean Water Act: A Critical Review of the EPA’s New tMDL Rules. Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum, Fall 2000. e Law and Economics of Habitat Conservation: Lessons from an Analysis of Easement Acquisitions, with Kathryn Caballero and R. David Simpson. Stanford Environmental Law Journal 19, 2000.

TIMOTHY J. BRENNAN

Senior Fellow 202.328.5084 · brennan@ rff.org

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE

General

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS ELECTRICITY

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General

General, Markets and Regulation,

Renewable Portfolio Standards ENERGY POLICY

General, Conservation and

Efficiency ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY

General LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS MARKETS AND COMPETITION

General

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal; Regional, State, and Local General

SPACE POLICY

General

PROFILE

tim Brennan focuses on public policies involving monopolies and market power, and on assessing methods for policy evaluation. He looks particularly at issues associated with restructuring the electricity sector and opening electricity utilities and markets to competition. Specific topics in recent publications include real-time pricing, climate change, network effects, decoupling electricity revenues from use, energy conservation policy, and space launch risk. His current research examines rationales for energy efficiency policies, the limits of cost–benefit analysis in climate policy, and the role of behavioral economics in energy and environmental policy. He has been coauthor of two books on the deregulation of electricity markets and has analyzed constitutional requirements for compensation for public use of private land. He has studied privacy and environmental law enforcement related to remote-sensing satellites and is working on the roles of prizes in technological innovation and on assessing liability rules for space launches. Brennan also addresses issues in antitrust law, telecommunications policy, copyright, and the philosophy of economics. He has presented his research to numerous government, professional, and academic institutions in the United States and internationally, including Australia, Austria, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Sweden, and Uzbekistan. Brennan is also a professor of public policy and economics at the University of Maryland–Baltimore County and also has taught at George Washington University.

He was an economist for the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice from 1978 to 1986 and was senior economist for industrial organization and regulation on the staﬀ of the White House Council of Economic Advisers in 1996–1997. From 2003 to 2005, he served as a staﬀ consultant to the director of the Bureau of Economics of the Federal trade Commission. He spent 2006 in Ottawa as the t.D. MacDonald Chair in Industrial Economics at the Canadian Competition Bureau. He is a co-editor of Economic Inquiry and on the editorial boards of the Journal of Regulatory Economics, Information Economics and Policy, Communications Law and Policy, and the International Journal of the Economics of Business. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1978. M.A. in economics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1976. M.A. in mathematics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1975. B.A. in mathematics, University of Maryland, 1973. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

e Challenges of Climate Policy. Australian Economic Review. In Press. Decoupling in Electric Utilities. Journal of Regulatory Economics 38(1): 49–70, 2010. Optimal Energy Efficiency Policies and Regulatory Demand-Side Management tests: How Well Do ey Match? Energy Policy 38: 3874–3885, 2010. Public-Private Co-production of Risk: Government Indemnification of the Commercial Space Launch Industry, with Carolyn Kousky and Molly Macauley. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy 1(1): 117–146, 2010. Network Effects in Infrastructure Regulation: Principles and Paradoxes. Review of Network Economics 8(4): 279–301, 2009. Generating the Benefits of Competition: Challenges and Opportunities in Opening Electricity Markets. Commentary 260. April. toronto: C.D. Howe Institute, 2008. Should Innovation Rationalize Supra-competitive Prices? A Skeptical Speculation. In The Pros and Cons of High Prices, edited by Arvid Fredenberg. Stockholm: Konkurrensverket/Swedish Competition Authority, 2007. Saving Section 2: Reframing U.S. Monopolization Law. In The Political Economy of Antitrust, edited by Vivek Ghosal and Johan Stennek. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 2007. Alternating Currents: Electricity Markets and Public Policy, with Karen Palmer and Salvador Martinez. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2002.

STEPHEN P.A. BROWN

Nonresident Fellow 202.328.5058 · brown@ rff.org

EXPERTISE ASIA

Energy Consumption in China

CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade

OIL

General, World Oil Markets, Deepwater

and Offshore Drilling, Oil Price Shocks and Economic Activity, Developments

COAL

General PUBLIC HEALTH

ENERGY POLICY

General, Energy and Environ-

Regional Economic Growth

and Environmental Quality

mental Regulations, Energy Security and Independence, Energy Technologies INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General General

General

TAXATION AND PUBLIC FINANCE TRANSPORTATION

MARKETS AND COMPETITION NATURAL GAS

RENEWABLE ENERGY

General

Alternative Fuels and

Vehicles

General, Liquefied Natural Gas,

Pipelines, Shale Gas, U.S. And International Natural Gas Markets

PROFILE

Steve Brown, who joined RFF in 2009 as its first nonresident fellow, has conducted inquiries into domestic and international energy markets, energy security policies, climate policy, public finance, government performance, and regional economic growth. Prior to joining RFF, Brown had a 27-year career at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, where he retired as director of energy economics and microeconomic policy analysis. Brown’s recent work covers a wide range of areas, including developments in U.S. natural gas markets, energy policy and energy market dynamics, energy security, the effects of energy price shocks on U.S. economic activity, deepwater and offshore drilling, and petroleum product pricing. Before he joined the Federal Reserve, he worked on energy policy at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New york. Brown has also taught economics at Arizona State University, the University of Colorado–Denver, Southern Methodist University, and tulane University. Currently, Brown also serves as a professor of economics and director of the Center for Business and Economic Research at the University of Nevada–Las Vegas.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Maryland, 1979. M.A. in economics, University of Maryland, 1977. B.S. in economics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, 1972. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Perspectives on Energy Policy and Economic Research: Results of a Survey, with Kristin Hayes, Alan J. Krupnick, and Jan Mares. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2010. Reassessing the Oil Security Premium, with Hillard G. Huntington. Discussion paper 10-05. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Oil Price Shocks and U.S. Economic Activity: An International Perspective, with Nathan S. Balke and Mine K. yücel. Discussion paper 10-37. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Abundant Shale Gas Resources: Some Implications for Energy Policy, with Steven A. Gabriel and Ruud Egging. Backgrounder. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Some Implications of tightening Regulation of U.S. Deepwater Drilling. Backgrounder. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Eliminating Subsidies for Fossil Fuel Production: Implications for U.S. Oil and Natural Gas Markets, with Maura Allaire. Issue brief 09-10. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. Natural Gas: A Bridge to a Low-Carbon Future? with Alan J. Krupnick and Margaret A. Walls. Issue brief 09-11. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. Market Arbitrage: European and North American Natural Gas Prices, with Mine K. yücel. Special Issue, Energy Journal 30: 167–186, 2009. What Drives Natural Gas Prices? with Mine K. yücel. Energy Journal 29(2): 45–60, 2008. Energy Security and Climate Change Protection: Complementarity or tradeoﬀ? with Hillard G. Huntington. Energy Policy 36(9): 3510–3513, 2008. Deliverability and Regional Pricing in U.S. Natural Gas Markets, with Mine K. yücel. Energy Economics 30(5): 2441–2453, 2008. e Private Sector Impact of State and Local Government: Has More Become Bad? with Lori L. taylor. Contemporary Economic Policy 24(4): 548–562, 2006.

DALLAS BURTRAW

Senior Fellow 202.328.5087 · burtraw@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Acid Rain, Air Quality Policy and

Standards, State and Federal Environmental

Effects, Clean Air Act, Emissions Permit Trading

Policy

and Other Incentive Approaches, Fine Particu-

ENERGY POLICY

lates, Greenhouse Gases, Multipollutant Policies

Regulations

(Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxides, Sulfur

EUROPE

Energy and Environmental

European and U.S. Regulatory Policies

Dioxide, and Mercury) INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, Carbon

General

Tax, European and U.S. Regulatory Policies, MARKETS AND COMPETITION

International Treaties COST–BENFIT ANALYSIS

General, Incorporat-

ing Uncertainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis ELECTRICITY

General, Environmental Impacts,

RENEWABLE ENERGY

General

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General

Markets and Regulation, Renewable Portfolio

PROFILE

Dallas Burtraw is one of the nation’s foremost experts on environmental regulation in the electricity sector. For two decades, he has worked on creating a more efficient and politically rational method for controlling air pollution. He also studies electricity restructuring, competition, and economic deregulation. He is particularly interested in incentive-based approaches for environmental regulation, the most notable of which is a tradable permit system, and recently has studied ways to introduce greater cost-effectiveness into regulation under the Clean Air Act. Burtraw’s current areas of research include analysis of the distributional and regional consequences of various approaches to national climate policy. He also conducted analysis and provided technical support in the design of carbon dioxide emissions trading programs in the Northeast states, California, and the European Union. Burtraw and his colleagues recently completed a major project on estimating benefits of the value of natural resources in the Adirondack Park through surveying area residents on their willingness to pay for improvements. Also with colleagues, he stud-

ied the cost-eﬀectiveness of various policies for promoting renewable energy. Burtraw serves on the National Academy of Sciences Board on Environmental Studies and toxicology and on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Advisory Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis. He also served on California’s Economic and Allocation Advisory Committee, advising the governor’s oﬃce and the Air Resources Board on implementation of the state’s climate law. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Michigan, 1989. M.P.P. in public policy, University of Michigan, 1986. B.S. in community economic development, University of California–Davis, 1980. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

A Symmetric Safety Valve, with Karen Palmer and Danny Kahn. Energy Policy 38(9): 4921–4932, 2010. Opportunity Cost for Free Allocations of Emissions Permits: An Experimental Analysis, with Markus Wråke, Erica Myers, Svante Mandell, and Charles Holt. Environmental and Resource Economics 46(3): 331–336, 2010. e Incidence of U.S. Climate Policy: Alternative Uses of Revenues from a Cap-andtrade Auction, with Richard Sweeney and Margaret Walls. National Tax Journal 62(3): 497–518, 2009. Collusion in Auctions for Emissions Permits: An Experimental Analysis, with Jacob Goeree, Charles A Holt, Erica Myers, Karen Palmer, and William Shobe. Journal of Public Policy Analysis and Management 28(4): 672–691, 2009. Compensation Rules for Climate Policy in the Electricity Sector, with Karen Palmer. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 27(4): 819–847, 2008. Regulating CO2 in Electricity Markets: Sources or Consumers? Climate Policy 8: 588–606, 2008. Air Emissions of Ammonia and Methane from Livestock Operations: Valuation and Policy Options, with Jhih-Shyang Shih, Dallas Burtraw, Karen Palmer, and Juha Siikamäki. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 58: 1117–1129, 2008. A ten-year Rule to Guide the Allocation of EU Emission Allowances, with Markus Åhman, Joseph Kruger, and Lars Zetterberg. Energy Policy 35(3): 1718–1730, 2007. Valuation of Natural Resource Improvements in the Adirondacks, with H. Spencer Banzhaf, David Evans, and Alan J. Krupnick. Land Economics 82(3): 445–464, 2006. Efﬁcient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector, with H. Spencer Banzhaf and Karen Palmer. Resource and Energy Economics 26(3): 317–341, 2004.

MARK A. COHEN

Senior Fellow and Vice President for Research 202.328.5167 · cohen@ rff.org

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE

General, Disclosure and

Product Labeling

Federal

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

General

General General

ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY OIL

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

General

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

General

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General WATER

Oil Spills/Marine Resource Damage

Deepwater and Offshore Drilling, General

PROFILE

Mark Cohen is an expert on government enforcement, environmental disclosure policies, and corporate environmental management and behavior. He has published on such diverse topics as the effect of community right-to-know laws on firm behavior, why companies reduce toxic chemical emissions, cost–benefit analysis of oil spill regulation and enforcement, whether it "pays" to be green, and judicial sentencing of individuals and firms convicted of corporate crimes. He has served on various government advisory panels, including tennessee’s Environmental Justice Steering Committee and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Science Advisory Board Panel on Illegal Competitive Advantage and Economic Benefits. He also is a member of the Stakeholder Council of the Global Reporting Initiative and is on several academic editorial boards, including the Journal of Benefit–Cost Analysis, Environmental Economics, and Managerial and Decision Economics. Cohen also is a professor of management at the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University and holds a secondary appointment at Vanderbilt as a professor of law. Previously, he served as a staff economist at EPA, the U.S. Federal trade Commission, and the U.S. Sentencing Commission.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1985. M.A. in economics, Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1983. B.S.F.S. in international economics, Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service, 1978. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Deterring Oil Spills: Who Should Pay and How Much? Backgrounder. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. A taxonomy of Oil Spill Costs: What Are the Likely Costs of the Deepwater Horizon Spill? Backgrounder. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Climate Change Governance: Boundaries and Leakage, with Michael P. Vandenbergh. Discussion paper 09-51. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. Consumption, Happiness, and Climate Change, with Michael P. Vandenbergh. Environmental Law Reporter 38: 10834–10837, 2008. Information Disclosure as Environmental Regulation: A eoretical Analysis, with V. Santhakumar. Environmental and Resource Economics 37(3): 599–620, 2007. Individual and Household Environmental Behavior: What Does Economics Contribute to the Discussion? Environmental Law Reporter 35(11): 10754–10762, 2005. Determinants of Environmental Innovation in U.S. Manufacturing Industries, with Smita Brunnermeier. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 45(2): 278–293, 2003. Does the Market Value Environmental Performance? with Shameek Konar. Review of Economics and Statistics 83(2): 281–289, 2001. Monitoring and Enforcement of Environmental Policy. In International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics 1999/2000, edited by tom tietenberg and Henk Folmer. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1999. Information as Regulation: e Eﬀect of Community Right to Know Laws on toxic Emissions, with Shameek Konar. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 32(1): 109–124, 1997. Environmental Crime and Punishment: Legal/Economic eory and Empirical Evidence on Enforcement of Federal Environmental Statutes. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 82(3): 1054–1108, 1992. Optimal Enforcement Strategy to Prevent Oil Spills: An Application of a PrincipalAgent Model with “Moral Hazard.” Journal of Law and Economics 30(1): 23–51, 1987. e Costs and Beneﬁts of Oil Spill Prevention and Enforcement. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 13(2): 167–188, 1986.

ROGER M. COOKE

Chauncey Starr Senior Fellow 202.328.5127 · cooke@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Fine Particulates

CLIMATE CHANGE

Uncertainty and Risk

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Incorporating Uncer-

tainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

International RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

Expert

Judgment, Reliability, Risk Analysis Methodology, Risk Communication, Uncertainty Analysis

ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY

General WATER

NATURAL DISASTERS

Flooding

Risk of Natural Disasters

PROFILE

Roger Cooke joined RFF in 2005 as the first appointee to the Chauncey Starr Chair in Risk Analysis. His research has widely influenced risk assessment methodology, particularly in the areas of expert judgment and uncertainty analysis. He is recognized as one of the world’s leading authorities on mathematical modeling of risk and uncertainty. His recent research has encompassed health risks from oil fires in Kuwait following the first Gulf War, chemical weapons disposal, nuclear risk, nitrogen oxide emissions, and microbiological risk. His current research interests include structured expert judgment methodologies and uncertainty analysis, and his work focuses on the implementation of uncertainty analysis in policy-related decisionmaking. Prior to joining RFF, Cooke was professor of applied decision theory at the Department of Mathematics at Del University of technology in the Netherlands. He was on the faculty at Del for more than 25 years and while there launched a Risk and Environmental Modeling master’s program. Cooke has served as a consultant to the Japanese government on disposal of abandoned World War II chemical weapons in China and to the Swedish Nuclear Inspectorate on reliability of piping in nuclear power plants. He also has consulted with the Dutch National Aeronautics Laboratory, the Dutch Gasunie, the Dutch Institute for Public Health and Milieu, Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the German VGB Powertech Central Databank. He recently led a project to quantify the risk impact of new merging and spacing protocols for civil aviation, and he has been named a lead author on the chapter

addressing risk and uncertainty in the Fih Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in philosophy and mathematics, yale University, 1974. B.A. in philosophy and mathematics, yale University, 1968. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Future Declines of the Binational Laurentian Great Lakes Fisheries: e Importance of Environmental and Cultural Change, with J.D. Rothlisberger, D.M. Lodge, and D.C. Finnoﬀ. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8(5): 239–244, 2010. Mining and Visualising Ordinal Data with Non-parametric Continuous BBNs, with A.M. Hanea, D. Kurowicka, and D.A. Ababei. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 54(3): 668–687, 2010. Conundrums with Uncertainty Factors. Risk Analysis 30(3): 330–338, 2010. Attribution of Foodborne Pathogens Using Structured Expert Elicitation, with Arie H. Havelaar, Ángela Vargas Galindo, and Dorota Kurowicka. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 5(5): 649–659, 2008. Regulating under Uncertainty: Newsboy for Exposure Limits, with M. MacDonell. Risk Analysis 28(1): 577–587, 2008. Completion Problem with Partial Correlation Vines, with D. Kurowicka. Linear Algebra and Its Applications 418(1): 188–200, 2006. Uncertainty Analysis and High Dimensional Dependence Modeling, with D. Kurowicka. New york: Wiley, 2006. techniques for Generic Probabilistic Inversion, with C. Du and D. Kurowicka. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 50: 1164–1187, 2006. A Parametrization of Positive Deﬁnite Matrices in terms of Partial Correlation Vines, with D. Kurowicka. Linear Algebra and Its Applications 372: 225–251, 2003. Vines: A New Graphical Model for Dependent Random Variables, with t.J. Bedford. Annals of Statistics 30(4): 1031–1068, 2002. Probabilistic Risk Analysis: Foundations and Methods, with t.J. Bedford. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Experts in Uncertainty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

MAUREEN CROPPER

Senior Fellow 202.328.5083 · cropper@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Modeling, Air Quality

Policy and Effects, Clean Air Act, Fine Particulates, Ozone ASIA

and Health in China, Environmental and Energy Policy in India

Health in Developing Coun-

tries, Malaria, Pandemic Flu REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal, International

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIs

General

Environmental Impacts

ENERGY POLICY

Regulations

General PUBLIC HEALTH

Environmental Policies in China, Pollution

ELECTRICITY

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

Energy and Environmental

TRANSPORTATION

Land Use and Transporta-

tion, Vehicle Emissions VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General

PROFILE

Maureen Cropper, a professor of economics at the University of Maryland and a former lead economist at the World Bank, returned to RFF in 2008 as a senior fellow, a position she also held from 1990 to 1993. Cropper has made major contributions to environmental policy through her research, teaching, and public service. Her research has focused on valuing environmental amenities, estimating consumer preferences for health and longevity improvements, and the trade-oﬀs implicit in environmental regulations. Previously, at the World Bank, her work focused on improving policy choices in developing countries through studies of deforestation, road safety, urban slums, and health valuation. She is currently studying the externalities associated with pandemic ﬂu control, the impact of reforms in the electric power sector in India, and the demand for fuel economy in the Indian car market. From 1995 to 1996, Cropper was president of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. From 1994 through 2006, she served on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Science Advisory Board, where she chaired the Advisory Council for Clean Air Act Compliance Analysis and the Environmental Economics Advisory Committee. She is a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Cornell University, 1973. M.A. in economics, Cornell University, 1972. B.A. in economics, Bryn Mawr College, 1969. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: National Research Council, National Academies Press, 2010. Why Have traﬃc Fatalities Declined in Industrialised Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants, with Elizabeth Kopits. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 42: 129–154, 2008. Measuring the Welfare Eﬀects of Slum Improvement Programs: e Case of Mumbai, with Akie takeuchi and Antonio Bento. Journal of Urban Economics 64: 65–84, 2008. e Value of Mortality Risk Reductions in Delhi, India, with Soma Bhattacharya and Anna Alberini. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 34: 21–47, 2007. e Impact of Policies to Control Motor Vehicle Emissions in Mumbai, India, with Akie takeuchi and Antonio Bento. Journal of Regional Science 47: 27–46, 2007. e Demand for Insecticide-treated Mosquito Nets, with C. Poulos, J. Lampietti, D. Whittington, and M. Haile. In Handbook of Contingent Valuation, edited by J. Kahn and A. Alberini. Cheltenham Glos, UK: Edward Elgar, 2006. Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: Does Latency Matter? with Anna Alberini, Alan Krupnick, and Nathalie B. Simon. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 32: 231–245, 2006.

JOEL DARMSTADTER

Senior Fellow 202.328.5050 · darmstadter@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Greenhouse Gases

CLIMATE CHANGE

Global Warming, Green-

house Gases COAL

NATURAL GAS OIL

General, Coal Liquefaction

ELECTRICITY

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING

General

ENERGY POLICY

General

General, Oil Sands

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

Environmental Accounting—Green GDP

General, Energy and

Economic Growth, Energy Security and Independence, Energy Technologies

PROFILE

In his four decades at RFF, Joel Darmstadter has conducted research centered on energy resources and policy. His recent work addresses issues of energy security, renewable resources, and climate change. Darmstadter has served on numerous National Research Council bodies and has contributed to their studies. He also was part of a team that evaluated the performance of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Institute for Global Environmental Change. His career has included serving as an adjunct faculty member of the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, an editorial committee member of the Annual Review of Energy, and a contributing editor of Environment magazine. Darmstadter has appeared as an expert before congressional committees, presented papers at numerous international conferences, and given a series of lectures in Argentina under the auspices of the U.S. Information Agency. EDUCATION

M.A. in economics, New School for Social Research, 1952. A.B. in economics, George Washington University, 1950.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Unconventional Fossil-Based Fuels: Economic and Environmental Trade-Offs, with Michael toman et al. technical report. RAND Corporation, 2008. Incorporating Resource and Environmental Change in a Nation’s Economic Accounts; Roles for Earth Science Applications. Issue brief IB 08-04. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Slaking Our irst for Oil, with Ian Parry. In New Approaches on Energy and the Environment: Policy Advice for the President, edited by Richard D. Morgenstern and Paul R. Portney. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2004. e Energy-CO2 Connection: A Review of trends and Challenges. In Climate Change Economics and Policy: Anthology, edited by Michael toman. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 24–34, 2001. Assessing Surprises and Nonlinearities in Greenhouse Warming, edited with Michael toman. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 1993. Energy in America’s Future: The Choices before Us, with Sam H. Schurr et al. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins for Resources for the Future, 1979.

J. CLARENCE (TERRY) DAVIES

Senior Fellow 202.328.5080 · davies@ rff.org

EXPERTISE ELECTRICITY

State and Federal Environmental

Policy ENERGY POLICY

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal History of Environmental

Policy NANOTECHNOLOGY

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

General

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Regulation of Nano-

General

technology

PROFILE

terry Davies is a political scientist who has extensively analyzed environmental policy during the past 40 years, having written several books and numerous articles on the government’s environmental mandates. He chaired the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Decisionmaking for Regulating Chemicals in the Environment, and while serving as a consultant to the President’s Advisory Council on Executive Organization, he coauthored the reorganization plan that created the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Davies has been an assistant professor of public policy at Princeton University, executive vice president of the Conservation Foundation, assistant administrator for policy at EPA, and executive director of the National Commission on the Environment. In 2000, he was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for his contributions to environmental policy. He is currently serving as a senior advisor to the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, advising the center on managing the adverse eﬀects of nanotechnology. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in American government, Columbia University, 1965. B.A. in American government, Dartmouth College, 1959. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Oversight of Next Generation Nanotechnology. Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2009.

Managing the Effects of Nanotechnology. Washington, DC: Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2006. Reforming Permitting, with Robert Hersh, Aracely Alicea, and Ruth Greenspan Bell. RFF Report. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, December 2001. Pollution Control in the United States: Evaluating the System, with Jan Mazurek. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 1998. Comparing Environmental Risks: Tools for Setting Government Priorities. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 1996.

REBECCA EPANCHIN- NIELL

Fellow 202.328.5069 · epanchin-niell@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AGRICULTURE

Agriculture and Ecosystem

Services

ENDANGERED SPECIES INVASIVE SPECIES

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

General,

Ecosystem Management, Invasive Species,

General

LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS General,

Ecosystem Restoration, Ecosystem Services

Wildlife Conservation ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

General

PROFILE

Becky Epanchin-Niell’s research focuses on ecosystem management, particularly understanding how human behavior affects ecological resources and identifying strategies to improve management. Much of her work has dealt primarily with invasive species, including strategies to control established invaders, improving monitoring strategies, and cooperative management. She also has examined the role of restoration for reducing long-term fire threats and management costs in the western United States and the effects of rural residential development on plants and animals. Epanchin-Niell’s work oen draws on econometric and bioeconomic modeling approaches and incorporates spatial aspects of resource movement and use. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in agricultural and resource economics, University of California–Davis, 2009. M.S. in applied economics and statistics, University of Nevada–Reno, 2003. M.S. in biology, University of Nevada–Reno, 2001. B.S. in Earth systems, Stanford University, 1997. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Controlling Invasive Species in Complex Social Landscapes, with M. Huﬀord, C. Aslan, J. Sexton, J. Port, and t. Waring. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8: 210–216, 2010.

Controlling Established Invaders: Integrating Economics and Spread Dynamics to Determine Optimal Management, with A. Hastings. Ecology Letters 13(4): 528–541, 2010. Investing in Rangeland Restoration in the Arid West, USA: Countering the Effects of an Invasive Weed on the Long-term Fire Cycle, with J. Englin and D. Nalle. Journal of Environmental Management 91(2): 370–379, 2009. e Practical Challenge to Private Stewardship of Rangeland Ecosystems: yellow Starthistle Control in California’s Sierra Nevada Foothills, with C. Aslan, M. Hufford, J. Port, J. Sexton, and t. Waring. Journal of Rangeland Ecology and Management 62: 28–37, 2009. Butterfly Community Change in Response to Rural Residential Development, with R.W. Niell, P.F. Brussard, and D.D. Murphy. Landscape and Urban Planning 81(3): 235–245, 2007. Alternative Models of Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Site Demand, with J. Englin, t. Holmes, and R. Niell. Environmental and Resource Economics 35(4): 327–338, 2006.

HARRISON FELL

Fellow 202.328.5005 · fell@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Emissions Permit Trading and

Other Incentive Approaches CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, Carbon Tax,

European and U.S. Regulatory Policies, Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS ELECTRICITY

General

General, Environmental Impacts

EUROPEAN

European and U.S. Regulatory

Policies INCENTIVE BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General MARKETS AND COMPETITION OCEANS AND FISHERIES

General

General, Zoning the

Oceans, Tradable Quotas, Fishing

PROFILE

Harrison Fell’s research is focused on the quantitative assessment of the design and impacts of created markets as they relate to environmental and natural resource management systems. is work has looked at the design of permit systems associated with climate change policy. His research has also assessed existing pollution permit systems’ impacts on affected industries. Beyond pollution permits, Fell has considered created markets in other areas, more specifically in the use of individual tradable quota (ItQ) systems in fisheries. His research in this area examines how ItQs affect both fishers and fish processors from theoretical and applied perspectives. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Washington, 2007. M.A. in economics, University of Washington, 2004. B.S. in economics and engineering with civil specialty, Colorado School of Mines, 2001. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Alternative Approaches to Cost Containment in a Cap-and-trade System, with Richard D. Morgenstern. Environmental and Resource Economics. In Press. (Related discussion paper 09-14.)

Estimating time-Varying Bargaining Power: A Fishery Application, with Alan Haynie. Economic Inquiry. In Press. EU-EtS and Nordic Electricity Prices: A CVAR Analysis. Energy Journal 31(2), 2010. (Related discussion paper 08-31.) So and Hard Price Collars in a Cap-and-trade System: A Comparative Analysis, with Dallas Burtraw, Richard D. Morgenstern, and Karen L. Palmer. Discussion paper 10-27. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Climate Policy Design with Correlated Uncertainties in Oﬀset Supply and Abatement Cost, with Dallas Burtraw, Richard D. Morgenstern, and Karen L. Palmer. Discussion paper 10-01. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Ex-Vessel Prices and IFQs: A Strategic Approach. Marine Resource Economics 24(24), 2009. (Related discussion paper 08-01.) Rights-Based Management and Alaska Pollock Processors’ Supply. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 90(3): 579–592, 2008. Prices versus Quantities versus Bankable Quantities, with Ian A. MacKenzie and William A. Pizer. Discussion paper 08-32 REV. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008.

CAROLYN FISCHER

Senior Fellow and Associate Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy 202.328.5012 · fischer@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AFRICA

Trade in Endangered Species, Wildlife

Conservation AIR QUALITY

FORESTRY

Biotechnology, Forest Certification

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

CAFE Standards, Emissions

Permit Trading and Other Incentive

Trade and

the Environment MARKETS AND COMPETITION

General

Approaches, Greenhouse Gases PESTICIDES BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

Pesticide Resistance

Trade in

Endangered Species, Wildlife Conservation

PUBLIC HEALTH

Antibiotics and Antibiotic

Resistance CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, European

and U.S. Regulatory Policies, Greenhouse Gases,

International

International Treaties CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ENDANGERED SPECIES

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

General

RENEWABLE ENERGY

General

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

General ENERGY POLICY

Conservation and Efficiency,

Energy and Environmental Regulations

TRANSPORTATION

Alternative Fuels and

Vehicles, CAFE Standards EUROPE

European and U.S. Regulatory Policies

PROFILE

Carolyn Fischer works primarily on policy mechanisms and modeling tools that cut across environmental issues, from allowance allocation in emissions trading schemes to wildlife management in Zimbabwe. In the areas of climate change and energy policy, she has published articles on designing cap-and-trade programs, fuel economy standards, renewable portfolio standards, energy eﬃciency programs, technology policies, the Clean Development Mechanism, and the evaluation of international climate policy commitments. Her research currently focuses on the interplay between international trade and climate policy, options for avoiding carbon leakage, and the implications for energy-intensive, trade-exposed sectors. With regard to natural resource management, her research addresses issues of wildlife conservation, invasive

species, and biotechnology, with particular emphasis on the opportunities and challenges posed by international trade. At RFF since 1997, Fischer has also taught at Johns Hopkins University and was a staďŹ&#x20AC; economist for the Council of Economic Advisers. She serves on the Board of Directors of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists and the editorial board of Resource and Energy Economics. She is also a fellow of the CESifo Research Network. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Michigan, 1997. B.A. in international relations and economics, University of Pennsylvania, 1990. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

When Do Renewable Portfolio Standards Lower Electricity Prices? Energy Journal 31(1): 101â&#x20AC;&#x201C;120, 2010.

ARTHUR G. FRAAS

Visiting Scholar 202.328.5011 · fraas@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

Clean Air Act, Greenhouse Gases CLIMATE CHANGE

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Incorporating Uncer-

tainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis

Greenhouse Gases

PROFILE

Art Fraas’s research encompasses a variety of issues related to energy and the environment, including the trade-offs between using biomass in transportation and in electricity applications, the treatment of uncertainty in regulatory analysis of major rules, and the potential regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act. Fraas joined RFF aer a distinguished career in senior positions within the federal government. In 2008, he retired aer 21 years as chief of the Natural Resources, Energy, and Agriculture Branch of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs at the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Much of his work has examined the federal regulatory process, with a particular focus on the impact of environmental regulations. Before joining OMB, Fraas was a senior economist at the Council on Wage and Price Stability, a staff member of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly, an assistant professor of economics at the U.S. Naval Academy, and a staff economist with the Federal Reserve System. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of California–Berkeley, 1972. B.A. in engineering physics, Cornell University, 1965. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Greenhouse Gas Regulation under the Clean Air Act: Structure, Eﬀects, and Implications of a Knowable Pathway, with Nathan Richardson and Dallas Burtraw. Discussion paper 10-23. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010.

e treatment of Uncertainty in EPA’s Analysis of Air Pollution Rules: A Status Report. Discussion paper 10-04. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Conﬂicting Goals: Energy Security versus GHG Reductions under the EISA Cellulosic Ethanol Mandate, with Robert Johansson. Discussion paper 09-24. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009.

ROBERT FRI

Visiting Scholar 202.328.5011 · fri@ rff.org

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE ENERGY POLICY

Mitigation Policy

NUCLEAR ENERGY

General

General, Energy Technology

PROFILE

Bob Fri has been active for more than 35 years as both an administrator and analyst of energy and environmental policy. As the ﬁrst deputy administrator of both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Energy Research and Development Administration, he was instrumental in organizing the federal government’s programs in environmental regulation and energy technology. He served as president of Resources for the Future and of the National Museum of Natural History during major transitions in the roles of these institutions. Fri has served on numerous National Research Council studies of energy and climate change, most recently as chair of the panel on limiting future climate change. He is a national associate of the National Academies and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. EDUCATION

M.B.A., Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, 1959. B.A., Rice University, 1957. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

From Energy Wish Lists to technological Realities. Issues in Science and Technology 23(Fall), 2006. Where Do We Go from Here? Four RFF Experts Share eir Views on Life PostKyoto, with John W. Anderson, Raymond J. Kopp, and William A. Pizer. Resources 157 (Spring), 2005. Using Science Soundly: e yucca Mountain Standard. In The RFF Reader in Environmental and Resource Management, edited by Wallace Oates. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2005.

taking the Lead on Climate Change. In New Approaches on Energy and the Environment: Policy Advice for the President, edited by Richard D. Morgenstern and Paul R. Portney. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2004.

WINSTON HARRINGTON

Senior Fellow and Associate Research Director 202.328.5112 · harrington@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, European

Energy and Environmental

Regulations EUROPE

HOT/HOV Lanes and

Traffic Congestion, Vehicle Emissions WATER

European and U.S. and Regulatory

Clean Water Act and Other Regula-

tions, Safe Drinking Water, Water Supply Systems

Policies LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

TRANSPORTATION

Road Pricing, Land Use and Transportation,

and U.S. Regulatory Policies ENERGY POLICY

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal; International; Regional, State, and Local

CAFE Standards

Urban Sprawl

PROFILE

Winston Harrington studies urban transportation, motor vehicles and air quality, and problems of estimating the costs of environmental policy. He has conducted extensive research on the economics of enforcing environmental regulations, the health beneﬁts derived from improved air quality, and the costs of waterborne disease outbreaks. He also has examined endangered species policy, federal rulemaking procedures, and the economics of outdoor recreation. Harrington is the author or coauthor of six books and numerous book chapters. In 2000, he won the Association of Public Policy Analysis and Management’s Vernon Award as coauthor of the paper “On the Accuracy of Regulatory Cost Estimates.” Harrington has served as a consultant to U.S. federal and state governments, the World Bank, and the Harvard Institute for International Development and has worked in Lithuania, Mexico, and Poland. He is on the adjunct faculty at Georgetown University. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in city and regional planning, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, 1985. M.A. in mathematics, Cornell University, 1970. A.B. in mathematics, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, 1968.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Reforming Regulatory Impact Analysis, edited with Lisa Heinzerling and Dick Morgenstern. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2009. Controlling Automobile Air Pollution, edited with Virginia D. McConnell. Burlington, Vt: Ashgate Publishing Co., 2007. transit in Washington, DC: Current Beneﬁts and Optimal Level of Provision, with Peter Nelson, Andrew Baglino, Elena Saﬁrova, and Abram Lipman. Journal of Urban Economics 62(2), 2007. Do Market Failures Justify tightening Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards? with Ian Parry and Carolyn Fischer. Energy Journal 28(4), 2007. Automobile Externalities and Policies, with Ian Parry and Margaret Walls. Journal of Economic Literature 45: 374–400, 2007. Choosing Environmental Policy: Comparing Instruments and Outcomes in the United States and Europe, edited with Richard D. Morgenstern. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2004.

MUN HO

Visiting Scholar 202.328.5153 · ho@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY ASIA

Greenhouse Gases

CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, Carbon Tax

Environmental Policies in China, Pollution

and Health in China

PROFILE

Mun Ho focuses on economic growth, productivity, taxation, and environmental economics. He coauthored a 2005 book, Information Technology and the American Growth Resurgence, which traced the adoption of It by U.S. industries and the parallel growth of highly educated workers. He is a senior economist at Dale Jorgenson Associates and contributes to their analysis of energy and environmental policies for the U.S. Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Agency. He also works with the Harvard University Center for the Environment, focusing on Chinese energy use and environmental policy. at research is reported in a 2007 book that he co-edited, Clearing the Air: The Health and Economic Damages of Air Pollution in China. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Harvard University, 1989. A.B. in mathematics, Northwestern University, 1983. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

technology, Development and the Environment, with Karen Fisher-Vanden. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 59(1): 94–108, 2010. China's 11th Five-year Plan and the Environment: Reducing SO2 Emissions, with Jing Cao and Richard Garbaccio. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 3(2): 231–250, 2009. e Local and Global Beneﬁts of Green tax Policies in China, with Jing Cao and Dale Jorgenson. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 3(2): 189–208, 2009.

Cap and trade Climate Policy and U.S. Economic Adjustments, with Dale Jorgenson, Richard Goettle, and Peter Wilcoxen. Journal of Policy Modeling 31(3): 362–381, 2009. Impact of Carbon Price Policies on U.S. Industry, with Richard D. Morgenstern and Jhih-Shyang Shih. Discussion paper 08-37. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Co-beneﬁts of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in China: An Integrated topDown and Bottom-Up Modeling Analysis, with Jing Cao and Dale W. Jorgenson. Discussion paper EfD 08-10. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Greening China: Market-Based Policies for Air-Pollution Control, with Dale Jorgenson. Harvard Magazine 111(1), 2008. Assessing U.S. Climate Policy Options, with Raymond J. Kopp, William A. Pizer, Daniel Hall, Richard D. Morgenstern, Juha V. Siikamäki, Joseph E. Aldy, Ian W.H. Parry, Karen L. Palmer, Dallas Burtraw, Evan M Herrnstadt, and Joseph Maher. RFF Report. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2007. Competitiveness Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Pricing Policies on Manufacturing, with Richard D. Morgenstern, Joseph E. Aldy, Evan M. Herrnstadt, and William A. Pizer. Issue brief CPF-7. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2007. How Do Market Reforms Aﬀect China's Responsiveness to Environmental Policy? with Karen Fisher-Vanden. Journal of Development Economics 82(1): 200–233, 2007. Clearing the Air: The Health and Economic Damages of Air Pollution in China, edited with Chris P. Nielsen. Cambridge, MA: MIt Press, 2007. Information Technology and the American Growth Resurgence, with Dale Jorgenson and Kevin Stiroh. Cambridge, MA: MIt Press, 2005.

SANDRA A. HOFFMANN

Fellow 202.328.5022 · hoffmann@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AGRICULTURE AIR QUALITY ASIA

General

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Air Quality Policy and Effects

Pollution and Health in China, Valuation of

PESTICIDES

Pesticide Regulation, Social Cost of

Pesticides

Health Outcomes in China COST–BENFIT ANALYSIS

Regula-

tory Policy–Columbia

General, Incorporat-

ing Uncertainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis

PUBLIC HEALTH

Children’s Health, Food and

Drug Safety, Health in Developing Countries, Pesticides and Health

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE

General REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY EUROPE

General

European and U.S. Regulatory Policy

FOOD SAFETY

Cost of Illness, Risk Analysis /

Foodborne Pathogens FORESTRY

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

General, Expert Judgment, Risk Analysis Methodology, Risk Communication, Uncertainty Analysis

General

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General

General INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Federal; International; Regional, State, and Local

General

VALUATION OF HEALTH BENEFITS

General,

Valuing Children’s Health WATER

Safe Drinking Water

PROFILE

Sandy Hoﬀmann’s research focuses on the economics of environmental health risk management, in particular, health valuation and the integration of economics and health risk assessment. Her research on health valuation includes studies assessing the social cost of environmental pollution in China, the cost of foodborne illness in the United States, and parents’ willingness to pay to reduce children’s risk of developmental harm from neurotoxins. She has advised the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on improving regulatory economic analysis related to children’s environmental health. Hoﬀmann has contributed substantially to the design of risk-based food safety

policy and has testified extensively before the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on this issue. She is co-editor with Michael taylor of Toward Safer Food: Perspectives on Risk and Priority Setting (2005), which sets out a systematic structure for designing a more science- and risk-based approach to food safety regulation in the United States. She has served on the National Academy of Sciences Committee on National BioSurveillance Systems: BioWatch and the Public Health System (2008–2009) and on an FDA advisory committee on modeling risk in the U.S. food system. Before joining RFF, Hoffmann was an assistant professor in the LaFollette School of Public Policy and the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and an attorney in the DC office of McKenna, Conner and Cuneo, specializing in pesticide and chemical regulation practice. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in agricultural and resource economics, University of California–Berkeley, 1998. M.A. in agricultural economics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1991. J.D., University of Michigan Law School, 1986. B.S. in history, Iowa State University, 1980. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Food Safety Policy and Economics. Oxford Handbook of Consumer Economics. In Press. Food Safety and Risk Governance in Globalized Markets, with Bill Harder. Health Matrix: Journal of Law-Medicine. In Press. Ensuring Food Safety around the Globe: e Many Roles of Risk Analysis from Risk Ranking to Microbial Risk Assessment. Risk Analysis 5: 711–714, 2010. Using Expert Elicitation to Link Foodborne Illnesses in the U.S. to Food, with Paul Fischbeck, Alan Krupnick, and Michael McWilliams. Journal of Food Protection 70(5): 1220–1229, 2007. Economic Uncertainties in Valuing Reductions in Children’s Environmental Health Risks, with Victor Adamowicz and Alan Krupnick. In Economic Valuation of Environmental Health Risks to Children. Paris: OECD, 2005. Toward Safer Food: Perspectives on Risk and Priority Setting, edited with Michael R. taylor. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2005. Poverty and Employment in Forest-Dependent Counties, with Peter Berck, Chris Costello, and Louise Fortmann. Forest Science 49(5): 1–15, 2003.

RAYMOND J. KOPP

Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Climate and Electricity Policy 202.328.5059 · kopp@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

Clean Air Act, Emissions Permit Trading and

MARKETS AND COMPETITION NATURAL GAS

General

Other Incentive Approaches, Greenhouse OIL

Gases CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation, Cap and Trade,

Carbon Sequestration and Storage, European

General

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

International

and U.S. Regulatory Policies, Global Warming,

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Greenhouse Gases, International Treaties

General

COAL

General

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS ENERGY POLICY

General

General WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP

Natural

Resource Damages EUROPE

European and U.S. Regulatory Policies WATER

Oil Spills/Marine Resource Damage

PROFILE

An RFF scholar for more than three decades, Ray Kopp is an expert on climate change and energy issues. His current studies focus on U.S. domestic greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation policy, U.S. foreign policy as it pertains to international negotiations on climate change, and deforestation and degradation in tropical countries. Kopp’s expertise has inﬂuenced the design of state and federal policies as well as those of foreign governments. Kopp also has a long-standing research interest in cost–beneﬁt analysis and techniques for assigning value to environmental and natural resources that do not have market prices. He has assisted numerous governments, intergovernmental organizations, and private entities conducting damage assessments for environmental claims. He was a consultant to the state of Alaska on the Exxon Valdez oil spill and to the United Nations Compensation Commission on the monetary value of environmental damage caused by the 1991 Gulf War.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, State University of New york–Binghamton, 1978. M.A. in economics, University of Akron, 1973. B.S. in ﬁnance, University of Akron, 1970. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

e Shape of International Agreements: Political Economy Analysis of the Copenhagen Accord. Issue brief 10-09. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Role of Offsets in Global and Domestic Climate Policy. Issue brief 10-11. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Forest Carbon Index: e Geography of Forests in Climate Solutions, with Adrian Deveny, Janet Nackoney, Nigel Purvis, Mykola Gusti, Erin Myers Madeira, Andrew R Stevenson, Georg Kindermann, Molly K. Macauley, and Michael Obersteiner. RFF Report. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, December 2009. Policy Options for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 2009. Managing Climate-Related International Forest Programs: A Proposal to Create the International Forest Conservation Corporation, with Nigel Purvis and Andrew R. Stevenson. Issue brief 09-07. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. International Forest Carbon in Congress: A Survey of Key Congressional Staff, with Lou Leonard and Nigel Purvis. Issue brief 09-03. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. Green Politics and Policy, with Phil Sharp, James N. Sanchirico, Sandra A. Hoffmann, Arun S. Malik, Carolyn Fischer, Richard G. Newell, Nigel Purvis, and Jon A. Krosnick. Resources 169. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. e Public Policy Response. U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 2008. Assessing U.S. Climate Policy Options, with William A. Pizer, Daniel Hall, Richard D. Morgenstern, Juha V. Siikamäki, Joseph E. Aldy, Ian W.H. Parry, Karen L. Palmer, Dallas Burtraw, Mun Ho, Evan M Herrnstadt, and Joseph Maher. RFF Report. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, November 2007.

CAROLYN KOUSKY

Fellow 202.328.5188 · kousky@ rff.org

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation, Uncertainty

and Risk

Disaster Management

and Response, Risk of Natural Disasters

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Incorporating Uncer-

tainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FORESTRY

NATURAL DISASTERS

General

Wildland Fire Policy and

Management

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal; Regional, State, and Local RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

General,

Insurance, Analysis Methodology, Risk Communication WATER

Flooding

PROFILE

Carolyn Kousky’s research focuses on natural resource management, decisionmaking under uncertainty, and individual and societal responses to natural disaster risk. She has examined how individuals learn about extreme event risk, the demand for natural disaster insurance, and policy responses to potential changes in extreme events with climate change. She also is interested in ecosystem services policy and has examined the design of incentive-based mechanisms to supply ecosystem services and the use of natural capital to reduce vulnerability to weather-related disasters. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in public policy, Harvard University, 2008. B.S. in earth systems, Stanford University, 2002. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Using Natural Capital to Reduce Disaster Risk. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research. In Press. Learning from Extreme Events: Risk Perceptions aer the Flood. Land Economics 86(3): 395–422, 2010. Come Rain or Shine: Evidence on Flood Insurance Purchases in Florida, with E. Michel-Kerjan. Journal of Risk and Insurance 77(2): 369–397, 2010.

More an a Wing and a Prayer: Government Indemniﬁcation of the Commercial Space Launch Industry, with t. Brennan and M. Macauley. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy 1(1), 2010. e Limits of Securitization: Micro-correlations, Fat tails and tail Dependence, with R.M. Cooke. In Re-Thinking Risk Measurement and Reporting: Uncertainty, Bayesian Analysis and Expert Judgment, edited by K. Boecker. London: Risk Books, 2010. Designing Payments for Ecosystem Services: Lessons from Previous Experience with Incentive-Based Mechanisms, with B.K. Jack and K.E. Sims. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(28): 9465–9470, 2008. Obstacles to Clear inking about Natural Disasters: Five Lessons for Policy, with A. Berger and R. Zeckhauser. In Risking House and Home: Disasters, Cities, Public Policy, edited by J.M. Quigley and L.A. Rosenthal. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Public Policy Press, 2008. Options Contracts for Contingent takings, with S. Walsh and R. Zeckhauser. In Issues in Legal Scholarship, Issue 10: Catastrophic Risks: Prevention, Compensation, and Recovery. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Electronic Press (www.bepress.com/ils/ iss10), 2007. Private Investment and Government Protection, with E.F.P. Luttmer and R.J. Zeckhauser. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 33(1/2): 73–100, 2006. Global Climate Policy: Will Cities Lead the Way? with S.H. Schneider. Climate Policy 3: 359–372, 2003.

ALAN J. KRUPNICK

Senior Fellow, Research Director, and Director, Center for Energy Economics and Policy 202.328.5107 · krupnick@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Acid Rain, Air Quality Modeling,

Air Quality Policy and Effects, Clean Air Act,

NONMARKET VALUATION OIL

General

Emissions Permit Trading and Other Incentive Approaches, Fine Particulates, Ozone ASIA

Energy Consumption in China, Environ-

PESTICIDES

Social Costs of Pesticides

PUBLIC HEALTH

Children’s Health, Health in

mental Policies in China, Pollution and Health in

Developing Countries, Pesticides and Health,

China, Valuation of Health Outcomes in China

Valuation of Drinking Water Quality

CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, Carbon Tax

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal; International; Regional, State, and Local COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

General, Incorporat-

ing Uncertainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

RENEWABLE ENERGY

General

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

General

Expert

Judgment ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING

General TRANSPORTATION

ENERGY POLICY

General, Energy and Environ-

Alternate Fuels and

Vehicles

mental Regulations, Energy Technologies VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS FOOD SAFETY

Risk Analysis/Foodborne

General, Ecosystem Services

Pathogens VALUATION OF HEALTH BENEFITS INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General,

Ecosystem Services

General WATER NATURAL GAS

Chesapeake Bay Watershed

General

PROFILE

During his more than 25 years at RFF, Alan Krupnick has become a leading authority on estimating the beneﬁts of environmental policies and developing designs for air pollution and other environmental regulations. In addition to bringing his expertise to bear on the impact of the Clean Air Act and on eliciting preferences for health and environmental improvements, he also led a major eﬀort to develop energy policy options for the United States and directs the RFF Center for Energy Economics and Policy.

Krupnick focuses closely on establishing accurate valuation of environmental beneﬁts. By creating improved methods for estimating the willingness to pay for health and environmental improvements, he aims to provide credible monetary values for use by governments and other practitioners worldwide. Recently, he has studied the value that New york residents place on ecological beneﬁts in the Adirondacks and is conducting similar studies in Appalachia. He has also examined the valuation of children’s health in the context of lead abatement in U.S. homes and the willingness of Canadians to pay for improvement in the quality of their drinking water. In 2007, Krupnick was among scholars from RFF and elsewhere who shared a Nobel Peace Prize for contributions to an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. Krupnick also has conducted extensive research in China, including helping provincial and local governments responsible for air quality in the city of taiyuan develop a sulfur dioxide permit trading program, doing a contingent valuation survey to determine the value of statistical life across four Chinese cities, and most recently, beginning a project to design a sulfur dioxide trading program for electric utilities in China. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Maryland, 1980. M.A. in economics, University of Maryland, 1974. B.S. in ﬁnance, Pennsylvania State University, 1969. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

toward a New National Energy Policy: Assessing the Options, with Ian Parry, Margaret Walls, tony Knowles, and Kristin Hayes. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future and the National Energy Policy Institute, 2010. Introduction to the Frontiers of Enviromental and Resource Economics, with Joseph Aldy. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 57(1): 1–4, 2009. Valuation of Cancer and Microbial Disease Risk Reductions in Municipal Drinking Water: An Analysis of Risk Context Using Multiple Valuation Methods, with Victor Adamowicz, Diane Dupont, and Jing Zhang. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. In Press. Climate Economics and Policy, with Ian Parry, Joe Aldy, Richard Newell, and Billy Pizer. Journal of Economic Literature. In Press. Valuing the Risks of Death from terrorist Attacks, with Lisa A. Robinson, James K. Hammitt, Joseph E. Aldy, and Jennifer Baxter. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. In Press.

RAMANAN LAXMINARAYAN

Senior Fellow 202.328.5085 · ramanan@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AFRICA

Economics of Malaria, HIV/AIDS,

and Tuberculosis AGRICULTURE

Malaria and Agriculture, Pollution and

Antibiotics and Antibiotic

Resistance, Disease Control Priorities for Developing Countries, Health in Developing Countries, Malaria, Scaling Up Intervention for HIV/AIDS, TB, and Malaria

Health in China INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Pesticide Resistance

PUBLIC HEALTH

Biotechnology/Genetically

Modified Crops, Malaria and Agriculture ASIA

PESTICIDES

Poverty and

VALUATION OF HEALTH BENEFITS

General

Natural Resource Management

PROFILE

Ramanan Laxminarayan’s research deals with the integration of epidemiological models of infectious diseases and drug resistance into the economic analysis of public health problems. rough his Extending the Cure project, he has worked to improve understanding antibiotic resistance as a problem of managing a shared global resource. He also directs the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy. Laxminarayan has worked with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank on evaluating malaria treatment policy, vaccination strategies, the economic burden of tuberculosis, and control of noncommunicable diseases. He has served on a number of advisory committees at WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Medicine. In 2003–2004, he served on the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Economics of Antimalarial Drugs and subsequently helped create the Aﬀordable Medicines Facility for malaria, a novel ﬁnancing mechanism for antimalarials. His work has been covered in major media outlets, including the Associated Press, BBC, CNN, Der Standard, The Economist, Los Angeles Times, NBC, NPR, Reuters, Science, Wall Street Journal, and National Journal. He also is a visiting scholar and lecturer at Princeton University.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Washington, 1999. M.P.H. in epidemiology, University of Washington, 1999. B.E. in engineering, Birla Institute of technology & Science (India), 1992. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Should New Antimalarial Drugs Be Subsidized? with I.W.H Parry, E. Klein, and D.L. Smith. Journal of Health Economics 29: 445–456, 2010. Managing Partially Protected Resources under Uncertainty, with C. Fischer. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 59: 129–141, 2010. Choosing Health: An Entitlement for All Indians, with Prabhat Jha. New Delhi: University of toronto and Resources for the Future, 2009. Economic Beneﬁts of Global Investments in tuberculosis Control, with E. Klein, S. Darley, and O. Adeyi. Health Affairs 28(4): w730–w742, 2009. Beneﬁts of Using Multiple First-Line erapies against Malaria, with M. Boni and D.L. Smith. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(37): 14216– 14221, 2008. Extending the Cure: Policy Responses to the Growing Threat of Antibiotic Resistance, with A. Malani. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2007. Advancing Global Health: Key Messages from the Disease Control Priorities Project, with A. Mills, J.G. Breman, A.R. Measham, G. Alleyne, M. Claeson, P. Jha, P. Musgrove, J. Chow, S. Shahid-Salles, and D.t. Jamison. Lancet 367(9517): 1193–1208, 2006. Strategic Interactions in Multi-institution Epidemics of Antibiotic Resistance, with D.L. Smith and S.A. Levin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102(8): 3153–3158, 2005. Battling Resistance to Antibiotics and Pesticides: An Economic Approach. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2003. On the Implications of Endogenous Resistance to Medications, with Martin Weitzman, Journal of Health Economics 21(4): 709–718, 2002.

SHANJUN LI

Fellow 202.328.5190 · li@ rff.org

EXPERTISE ASIA

Environmental Policies in China

ENERGY POLICY

Energy and Environmental

MARKETS AND COMPETITION TRANSPORTATION

General

Regulations INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

International

Development and the Environment

PROFILE

Shanjun Li’s research interests include empirical analysis of consumer behavior, estimation of strategic interactions among economic agents, evaluation of policy interventions, and structural modeling and estimation in microeconomics. He has conducted research on a set of diverse microeconomic topics such as the impact of gasoline price changes on fleet fuel economy, peer effects in group lending in developing countries, and the effect of free antibiotics programs on antibiotic usage. Much of his recent study has explored how some factors—such as vehicle safety, gasoline prices, tax incentives, and obesity—have affected consumer demand for automobiles. He was an assistant professor of economics at the State University of New york–Stony Brook from 2007 to 2009. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Duke University, 2007. M.S. in agricultural economics, Michigan State University, 2002. B.A. in international economics, Nankai University, tianjin, China, 1998. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Gasoline Prices, Government Support, and the Demand for Hybrid Vehicles, with Arie Beresteanu. International Economic Review. In Press. traffic Safety and Vehicle Choice: Quantifying the Effects of the “Arms Race” on American Roads. Journal of Applied Econometrics. In Press. How Do Gasoline Prices Affect Fleet Fuel Economy? with Christopher timmins and Roger von Haefen. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 1(2): 113–137, 2009.

JOSHUA LINN

Fellow 202.328.5047 · linn@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

CAFE Standards, Clean Air Act, Emissions Permit Trading and Other Incentive Approaches,

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General MARKETS AND COMPETITION

General

Ozone RENEWABLE ENERGY EUROPE

Wind Power

European and U.S. Regulatory Policies SOLAR POWER

ELECTRICITY

General

General, Renewable Portfolio

Standards, State and Federal Environmental

TRANSPORTATION

General, CAFE Standards

Policy

PROFILE

Josh Linn’s research addresses the effect of environmental regulation and market incentives on technology, focusing on the electricity sector and new vehicles market. His work on the electricity sector has compared the effectiveness of cap and trade and alternative policy instruments in promoting new technology, including renewable electricity technologies. Several studies on new vehicles markets investigate the effect of CAFE standards on new vehicle characteristics and the effect of gasoline prices on new vehicle fuel economy. Past research on the manufacturing and pharmaceuticals sectors has explored the effects on new technology of price and consumer demand incentives. Linn has published in leading general-interest and field journals in environmental, energy, and health economics. Linn, who joined RFF in March 2010, was an assistant professor in the economics department at the University of Illinois–Chicago and a research scientist at Massachusetts Institute of technology (MIt). He also served as executive director of the MIt Study of the Future of Solar Energy. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Massachusetts Institute of technology, 2005. B.A. in astronomy and physics, yale University, 2000.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

e Price of Gasoline and New Vehicle Fuel Economy: Evidence from Monthly Sales Data, with omas Klier. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. In Press. e Effect of Cap-and-trade Programs on Firms’ Profits: Evidence from the Nitrogen Oxides Budget trading Program. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 59(1): 1–14, 2010. Energy Prices and the Adoption of Energy-Saving technology. Economic Journal 118: 1986–2012, 2008. technological Modifications in the Nitrogen Oxides tradable Permit Program. Energy Journal 29(3): 153–176, 2008. Market Size in Innovation: eory and Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry, with Daron Acemoglu. Quarterly Journal of Economics 119(3): 1049–1090, 2004.

JOHN A. LIST

Nonresident Fellow 773.702.9811 · jlist@ uchicago.edu

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE

European and U.S. Regula-

tory Policies COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

NONMARKET VALUATION

General

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General

MARKETS AND COMPETITION

General

PROFILE

John List, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago, is known for his innovative use of field experiments in economics. His work has stimulated a new area of study that explores economic behavior in naturally occurring environments with controlled experimental methods. He seeks insights into such areas as social preferences, prospect theory, environmental economics, marketplace effects on corporate and government policy decisions, and multiunit auctions. He has conducted field experiments in numerous different markets to obtain data on a wide variety of topics, including charitable fundraising activities; the Chicago Board of trade; Costa Rican CEOs; the new vehicles market; markets for sports memorabilia, coins, and auto repair; open-air markets in such locales as the United States, Morocco, and India; as well as various venues on the Internet and in shopping malls, labor markets, and schools. His more recent work has included a series of field experiments with various publicly traded corporations. Before joining the University of Chicago, List was a professor at the University of Maryland, where he directed the Joint Global Change Research Institute. He was also a senior economist on the President’s Council of Economic Advisers and is a research fellow at the Institute for the Study of Labor and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He edits the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management and Environmental and Resource Economics. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Wyoming, 1996. B.S. in economics, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, 1992.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

So you Want to Run an Experiment, Now What? Some Simple Rules of umb for Optimal Experimental Design, with Sally Sadoﬀ and Mathis Wagner. Experimental Economics. In Press. How Can Behavioral Economics Inform Non-Market Valuation? An Example from the Preference Reversal Literature, with Jonathan Alevy and Vic Adamowicz. Land Economics. In Press. Is a Donor in Hand Better an two in the Bush? Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment, with Craig Landry, Andreas Lange, Michael K. Price, and Nicholas G. Rupp. American Economic Review. In Press. What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Professionals Do Not Play Minimax in Laboratory Experiments, with Steven D. Levitt and David Reiley. Econometrica. In Press. Investment under Uncertainty: testing the Options Model with Professional traders, with Michael Haigh. Review of Economics and Statistics. In Press. Are CEOs Expected Utility Maximizers? with Charles F. Mason. Journal of Econometrics. In Press.

RANDALL LUTTER

Visiting Scholar 202.328.5118 · lutter@ rff.org

EXPERTISE NANOTECHNOLOGY AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOOD SAFETY

General

Risk Analysis/Foodborne

Pathogens

Regulation of Nanotech-

nology PUBLIC HEALTH

Food and Drug Safety

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal

PROFILE

Randy Lutter investigates the economics of regulatory issues related to risk in the areas of food and drug safety and the environment. He is former chief economist and deputy commissioner for policy of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), where he oversaw policies on a variety of public health concerns ranging from pandemic flu countermeasures to the risks of imported and counterfeit drugs, and from nanotechnology to genetically engineered animals. Before joining FDA in 2003, Lutter was a resident scholar with the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and a fellow with the AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, where he wrote extensively on the economics of regulating health, safety, and environmental risks, covering air pollution including greenhouse gases, threats from mercury and lead, and food safety. From 1991 to 1997, he served at the Office of Management and Budget in the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, and from 1997 to 1998, he was senior economist for regulation and the environment on the President’s Council of Economic Advisers. Lutter co-edited the 2004 RFF Press book Painting the White House Green: Rationalizing Environmental Policy Inside the Executive Office of the President, which examined the interface between economics and environmental policymaking at the top levels of the federal government EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Cornell University, 1986. M.A. in economics, Cornell University, 1983. B.A. in economics, University of California–Berkeley, 1977.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Healthcare Impact of Personalized Medicine Using Genetic testing: An Exploratory Analysis for Warfarin, with Andrew McWilliam and Clark Nardinelli. Personalized Medicine 5(3): 279–284, 2008. Unacknowledged Health Benefits of Genetically Modified Food: Salmon and Heart Disease Deaths, with K. tucker. AgBioForum 5(2): 59–64. 2003. Mercury in the Environment: A Volatile Problem, with Elisabeth League. Environment 44(9): 24–40, 2002. tradable Permit tariffs: How Local Air Pollution Affects Carbon Emissions Permit trading, with Jason F. Shogren. Land Economics 78(2): 159–170, 2002. Lead in Soil: Is your Backyard Safer an a Hazardous Waste Site? with Elizabeth Mader. Air and Waste Management Association’s EM Magazine (September): 16–21, 2001. Getting the Lead Out Cheaply: Comments on EPA’s Proposed Hazard Standards. Environmental Science & Policy 4: 13–21, 2001. Developing Countries’ Greenhouse Emissions: Uncertainty and Implications for Participation in the Kyoto Agreement. Energy Journal 21(4): 93–120, October 2000. Food Irradiation: e Forgotten Solution to Food-Borne Illness. Science 286 (December 17): 2275–2276, 1999.

MOLLY K. MACAULEY

Senior Fellow and Research Director 202.328.5043 · macauley@ rff.org

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE

General, Adaptation,

Carbon Sequestration and Storage, Green-

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT SPACE POLICY

General

house Gases, International Treaties TAXATION AND PUBLIC FINANCE FORESTRY

General

General, Climate Change and

Deforestation, Remote Sensing and Mapping

General

Global Forests LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

Geographic

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP

Solid

Waste and Recycling

Information Systems (GIS) MARKETS AND COMPETITION

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

General

WATER

Water Resource Management

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal, International

PROFILE

Molly Macauley’s research interests include the economics of new technologies, climate policy, space economics and policy, the use of economic incentives in environmental regulation, and recycling and solid waste management. She serves on many national-level committees and panels, including the National Research Council’s Space Studies Board, the Climate Working Group of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Earth Science Applications Advisory Group of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Board of trustees at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. She also served as a lead author on a project under the U.S. Climate Change Science Program. She was selected as one of the National Space Society’s Rising Stars, and in 2001, she was voted into the International Academy of Astronautics. She has received several awards from NASA and the Federal Aviation Administration for her research, and she has served on the Board of Directors of Women in Aerospace, the American Astronautical Society, and as president of the Board of Directors of the omas Jeﬀerson Public Policy Program at the College of William and Mary. Macauley

has served for many years as a visiting professor in the Department of Economics at Johns Hopkins University. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Johns Hopkins University, 1983. M.A. in economics, Johns Hopkins University, 1981. B.A. in economics, College of William and Mary, 1979. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Economic and Legal Challenges of Regulation-Induced Changes in Waste technology and Management in the U.S.A. Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management. In Press. From Science to Applications: Determinants of Diffusion in the Use of Earth Observations, with Joe Maher and Jhih-Shyang Shih. Journal of Terrestrial Observation 2(1): 20–34, 2010. Public-Private Co-production of Risk: Government Indemnification of the Commercial Space Launch Industry, with Carolyn Kousky and tim Brennan. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy 1(1): 117–146, 2010. Climate Adaptation Policy: e Role and Value of Information. Issue brief 10-10. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, May 2010. Assessing Investment in Future Landsat Instruments: e Example of Forest Carbon Offsets, with J.S. Shih. Discussion paper 10-14. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Forest Carbon Index: The Geography of Forests in Climate Solutions, with A. Deveny, J. Nackoney, N. Purvis, M. Gusti, R. Kopp, E. Myers Madeira, A. Stevenson, G. Kindermann, and M. Obersteiner. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, December 2009. e Supply of Natural Resources Information Infrastructure: Issues in the eory and Practice of Estimating Costs. Space Policy 24: 70–79, 2008. Flying in the Face of Uncertainty: Human Risk in Space Activities. Chicago Journal of International Law 6(131), 2005. Advantages and Disadvantages of Prizes in a Portfolio of Financial Incentives for Space Activities. Space Policy 21(2): 121–128, 2005. Dealing with Electronic Waste: Modeling the Costs and Environmental Benefits of Computer Monitor Disposal, with Karen Palmer and Jhih-Shyang Shih. Journal of Environmental Management 68(1): 13–22, 2003. Spatially and Intertemporally Efficient Waste Management: e Costs of Interstate trade Restrictions, with Eduardo Ley and Stephen Salant. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 43(2): 188–218, 2002.

VIRGINIA MCCONNELL

Senior Fellow 202.328.5122 · mcconnell@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

Clean Air Act COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TRANSPORTATION

General

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

General

General, Alternative Fuels

and Vehicles, Land Use and Transportation, Vehicle Emissions VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General,

General Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Effects of

Farmland Preservation, Open Spaces, Outdoor

WATER

Recreation, Transferable Development Rights,

Development on Water Quality

Urban Sprawl

PROFILE

Virginia McConnell has worked on a range of environmental policy issues related to urban growth, air pollution, and transportation. Her recent research on urban land use has focused on the role of market-based tools such as transferable development rights to improve the allocation of urban land between development and open space. She has also worked over the years on policy options for reducing emissions from the transportation sector, especially for motor vehicles, focusing on the eﬀects of diﬀerent policy instruments both on local urban air pollutants, such as ozone pollution, and more recently on greenhouse gas emissions. With colleagues at RFF, she is currently working on a project to examine a range of policies to reduce U.S. oil dependence and greenhouse gas emissions. Her focus in this project is on policies to advance alternative-fuel vehicles. McConnell is on the faculty of the economics department at the University of Maryland–Baltimore County. In addition, she has served on several National Academy of Sciences panels related to transportation and the environment. Currently, she is a member of the transportation Research Board’s Committee for the Study of Potential Energy Savings and Greenhouse Gas Reductions from transportation. is committee is looking at the range and costs of possible ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation sources over the next 30 years in the United

States. She has also served on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Science Advisory Board and has been a member of several other EPA and state advisory committees. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Maryland, 1978. B.A. in economics, Smith College, 1969. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Should Hybrid Vehicles Be Subsidized? with tom turrentine. RFF/NEPI Backgrounder, for RFF and NEPI project Toward a New National Energy Policy: Assessing the Options. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. An Agent-Based Model with Coupled Housing and Land Markets, with Nicholas Magliocca, Elena Saﬁrova, and Margaret Walls. Proceedings of the International Congress on Modelling and Software. Ottawa, Canada, July 2010. Policy Monitor: U.S. Experience with transferable Development Rights, with Margaret Walls. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 3(2): 288–303, 2009. Big yards or Green Space? with Elizabeth Kopits and Margaret Walls. Regulation 31(3): 34–37, 2008. Controlling Automobile Air Pollution, edited with Winston Harrington. In The International Library of Environmental Economics and Policy series, edited by omas tietenberg. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishers, 2007. Transfer of Development Rights in U.S. Communities, with Margaret Walls. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2007. Density, tDRs, and the Demand for Development, with Elizabeth Kopits and Margaret Walls. Journal of Urban Economics 59: 440–457, 2006. Farmland Preservation and Residential Density: Can Development Rights Markets Eﬀect Land Use Change? with Elizabeth Kopits and Margaret A. Walls. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 34(2): 131–144, 2005.

RICHARD D. MORGENSTERN

Senior Fellow 202.328.5037 · morgenstern@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

Clean Air Act, Emissions Permit Trading and Other Incentive Approaches, Greenhouse Gases ASIA

Environmental Policies in China, Pollution

and Health in China CLIMATE CHANGE

EUROPE

European and U.S. Regulatory Policies

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Trade and

the Environment

Adaptation, Cap and Trade,

Carbon Tax, European and U.S. Regulatory Policies, Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases,

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Regula-

tory Policy–Colombia, Regulatory Policy– Mexico, Voluntary Regulation in Latin America

International Treaties MARKETS AND COMPETITION COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

General

General, Incorporat-

ing Uncertainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal, International ENERGY POLICY

Energy and Environmental

Regulations

PROFILE

Dick Morgenstern is an expert on the economics of environmental issues and on the use of economic incentives to address air pollution, global climate change, and other problems. He has conducted design and evaluation studies, including cost–benefit analyses, in the United States and abroad. He has been involved in the design and evaluation of an international climate change regime for more than 20 years. Recently, he has been analyzing competitiveness and trade issues at international, national, and state levels, as well as approaches to cost management under a domestic cap-and-trade regime. He also has worked in China on establishing an emissions trading system and has advised the Colombian and Mexican governments on a range of environmental management issues. Morgenstern’s career includes service at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), where he directed the agency’s policy office for more than a decade, and at the U.S. Department of State, where he was senior economic counselor to the undersecretary for global affairs. At EPA, he acted as assistant administrator for pol-

icy, planning, and evaluation for more than two years and also served brieﬂy as deputy administrator. EDUCATION

Postdoctoral studies, Columbia University School of Business, 1974. Ph.D. in economics, University of Michigan, 1970. A.B. in economics (with high honors), Oberlin College, 1966. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Alternative Approaches to Cost Containment in a Cap-and-trade System, with Harrison Fell. Environmental and Resource Economics. In Press. Feasibility Assessment of a Carbon Cap-and-Trade System for Mexico, with Dallas Burtraw, Raymond J. Kopp, Daniel Morris, and Elizabeth topping. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, July 2010. Impact of Carbon Price Policies on U.S. Industry, with Mun Ho and Jhih-Shyang Shih. Discussion paper 08-37. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. U.S. Industry and Cap-and-trade: Designing Provisions to Maintain Domestic Competitiveness and Mitigate Emissions Leakage, with Carolyn Fischer. Discussion paper. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, October 2009. Reforming Regulatory Impact Analyses, edited with Winston Harrington and Lisa Heinzerling. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2009. Understanding Errors in EIA Projections of Energy Demand, with Carolyn Fischer and Evan Herrnstadt. Resource and Energy Economics 31(3): 198–209, 2009. Competitiveness and Climate Policy: Avoiding Leakage of Jobs and Emissions, testimony before U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce (Subcommittee on Energy and Environment), March 18, 2009. Reality Check: The Nature and Performance of Voluntary Environmental Programs in the U.S., Europe, and Japan, edited with William Pizer. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2007. Carbon Abatement Costs: Why the Wide Range of Estimates? with Carolyn Fischer. Energy Journal 27(2): 73–86, 2006. Choosing Environmental Policy: Comparing Instruments and Outcomes in the United States and Europe, edited with Winston Harrington and omas Sterner. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2004. e Near-term Impacts of Carbon Mitigation Policies on Manufacturing Industries, with Mun Ho, Jhih-Shyang Shih, and xuehua Zhang. Energy Policy 32(16): 1825–1841, 2004. e Ancillary Carbon Beneﬁts of SO2 Reductions from a Small Boiler Policy in taiyuan, PRC, with Alan Krupnick and xuehua Zhang. Journal of Environment and Development Economics 13: 140–155, 2004.

DANIEL F. MORRIS

Center Fellow 202.328.5003 · morris@ rff.org

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation, Cap and Trade,

Carbon Sequestration and Storage, European and U.S. Regulatory Policies, Forest Carbon,

LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

Outdoor

Recreation MARKETS AND REGULATION

General

Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases WATER ECOSYSTEM SERVICES FORESTRY

General

General, Climate Change and

General, Water Demand and Use,

Water Resource Management, Water Rights, Water Supply Systems

Deforestation, Ecosystem Services, Forest Carbon, Remote Sensing and Mapping Global Forests

PROFILE

As part of RFF’s Center for Climate and Electricity Policy, Danny Morris focuses on the policy and economic implications of a wide suite of climate change issues, many related to land use, human development, and natural systems. He is currently working on domestic climate adaptation policy, water supply, forest resources, ecosystem services, and tracking of current climate legislation. Much of his research agenda involves management of the RFF Domestic Adaptation Project, a multi-year effort to synthesize current scientific understanding of anticipated climate change impacts and develop a set of feasible policy recommendations to guide the federal government in its responses. Related to this work, Morris investigates the nexus between climate change and freshwater resources. He also manages the RFF Forest Carbon Index, which amalgamates economic, biological, and risk data to estimate a country’s potential capacity for carbon storage in forest sinks, primarily in world’s tropical regions. Similarly, Morris focuses on the relatively new field of “blue carbon,” which relates to the carbon storage potential of coastal and marine ecosystems.

EDUCATION

M.S. in environmental science and management, University of California–Santa Barbara, 2008. B.S. in environmental science, Northern Arizona University, 2005. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Feasibility Assessment of a Carbon Cap-and-Trade System for Mexico, with Dallas Burtraw, Raymond J. Kopp, Richard D. Morgenstern, and Elizabeth topping. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, July 2010. Why We Need Accurate Maps of the World’s Forests, with Molly K. Macauley and Roger A. Sedjo. Resources, Winter 2010 (174). Forest Measurement and Monitoring: Technical Capacity and “How Good Is Good Enough? With Molly K. Macauley, Roger A. Sedjo, Kate Farley, and Brent L. Sohngen. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, December 2009. Climate Change and Outdoor Recreation Resources, with Margaret A. Walls. Backgrounder. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, April 2009.

LUCIJA ANNA MUEHLENBACHS

Fellow 202.328.5010 · muehlenbachs@ rff.org

EXPERTISE ENERGY POLICY

General, Energy and Environ-

mental Regulations

NATURAL GAS OIL

General

PROFILE

Lucija Muehlenbachs pursues research on energy-related topics as part of RFF’s Center for Energy Economics and Policy. Her work involves computational methods to study issues in the oil and gas industry. Muehlenbachs has experience in the structural estimation of dynamic programming models and has estimated conventional oil and gas extraction costs as well as the probability of change in recoverable reserves, production, and prices. Her current research interests lie in ﬁnancial assurance mechanisms for environmental cleanup, public disclosure of environmental violations, and oil and gas activity on First Nation reserve lands. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in agricultural and resource economics, University of Maryland, 2009. M.S. in agricultural and resource economics, University of Maryland, 2008. B.S. in physical sciences and Japanese, University of Alberta, 2002. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Internalizing Production Externalities: A Structural Estimation of Real Options in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry. Dissertation, University of Maryland.

SHEILA M. OLMSTEAD

Fellow 202.328.5163 · olmstead@ rff.org

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE

European and U.S. Regula-

tory Policies ENERGY POLICY

General, Clean Water Act and Other

Regulations, Safe Drinking Water, Water Energy and Environmental

Demand and Use, Water Resource Management, Water Supply Systems, Water Pricing

Regulations PUBLIC HEALTH

WATER

Valuation of Drinking Water

Quality

PROFILE

Sheila Olmstead’s research focuses on natural resource management and pollution control, with a particular emphasis on water resource economics, including urban water demand management, market-based approaches to water conservation, drinking water quality regulation, access to drinking water among low-income populations, and the efficient allocation of water across sectors. Her recent work investigates the impacts of information disclosure on drinking water quality violations, regulatory avoidance under the U.S. Safe Drinking Water Act, the influence of federal fire suppression policy on land development in the American West, and key components of a post-2012 international climate policy architecture. Olmstead’s research has been published in leading journals, such as the Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Land Economics, Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Environmental Science and Technology, and Water Resources Research. With Nathaniel Keohane, she is coauthor of the 2007 book Markets and the Environment. Before coming to RFF in 2010, Olmstead was an associate professor (2007–2010) and assistant professor (2002–2007) of environmental economics at the yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, where she taught courses in natural resource economics, water resource economics, and principles of microeconomics.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in public policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2002. M.A. in public aﬀairs, University of texas–Austin, 1996. B.A. in political and social thought, University of Virginia, 1992. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

e Economics of Managing Scarce Water Resources. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 4(2): 1–20, 2010. e Economics of Water Quality. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 4(1): 44–62, 2010. e Economic Valuation of Environmental Amenities and Disamenities: Methods and Applications, with Robert Mendelsohn. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 34(November): 325–347, 2009. Sampling Out: Regulatory Avoidance and the total Coliform Rule, with Lori Bennear and Katrina Jessoe. Environmental Science and Technology 43(14): 5176–5182, 2009. Comparing Price and Non-price Approaches to Water Conservation, with Robert Stavins. Water Resources Research 45(April), W04301, 2009. Reduced-Form vs. Structural Models of Water Demand under Non-linear Prices. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 27(1): 84–94, 2009. e Impact of the “Right to Know”: Information Disclosure and the Violation of Drinking Water Standards, with Lori Bennear. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 56(2): 117–130, 2008. A Meaningful Second Commitment Period for the Kyoto Protocol, with Robert Stavins. Economists’ Voice 4(3), 2007. Water Demand under Alternative Price Structures, with W. Michael Hanemann and Robert Stavins. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 54(2): 181–198, 2007. Markets and the Environment: An Introduction to Environmental and Resource Economics, with Nathaniel Keohane. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2007. An International Policy Architecture for the Post-Kyoto Era, with Robert Stavins. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 95(2): 35–38, 2006. irsty Colonias: Rate Regulation and the Provision of Water Service. Land Economics 80(1): 136–150, 2004. Environmental Regulation in the 1990s: A Retrospective Analysis, with Robert Hahn and Robert Stavins. Harvard Environmental Law Review 27(2): 377–415, 2003. Water Supply and Poor Communities: What’s Price Got to Do with It? Environment 45(10): 22–35, 2003.

KAREN L. PALMER

Darius Gaskins Senior Fellow and Associate Director, Center for Clim ate and Electricity Policy 202.328.5106 · palm er@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Acid Rain, Air Quality Policy and

Effects, Clean Air Act, Emissions Permit Trading and Other Incentive Approaches, Greenhouse Gases, Multipollutant Policies CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS ELECTRICITY

General

General, Environmental Impacts,

Markets and Regulation, Renewable Portfolio

ENERGY POLICY

Conservation and Efficiency,

Energy and Environmental Regulations INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General MARKETS AND COMPETITION RENEWABLE ENERGY

General

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP

Solid

Waste and Recycling

Standards, State and Federal Environmental Policy

PROFILE

Karen Palmer has been a researcher at RFF for more than 20 years and is the first recipient of the Darius Gaskins Chair. She specializes in the economics of environmental and public utility regulation, particularly on issues at the intersection of air quality regulation and the electricity sector. Her work seeks to improve the design of incentive-based environmental regulations that influence the electric utility sector, including controls of multipollutants and carbon emissions from electrical generating plants. to this end, she identifies cost-effective approaches to allocating emissions allowances and explores policies targeting carbon emissions and other air pollutants, as well as efficient ways to promote end-use energy efficiency and the use of renewable sources of electricity. Palmer’s work has direct links to debates on the design of federal and regional policies to control greenhouse gases, including the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the Northeast and the implementation of AB32 legislation in California. She is a coauthor of the 2002 book, Alternating Currents: Electricity Markets and Public Policy. Before joining RFF in 1989, Palmer was a teaching fellow at Boston College and a staff economist at Data Resources, Inc. In 1996–1997, she was a visiting economist in the Office of Economic Policy at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Boston College, 1990. B.A. in economics, Brandeis University, 1981. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Compensation Rules for Climate Policy in the Electricity Sector, with Dallas Burtraw. Journal of Public Policy Analysis and Management 27(4): 819–847, 2009. Energy Efficiency Economics and Policy, with Kenneth Gillingham and Richard Newell. Annual Review of Resource Economics 1: 597–619, 2009. Modeling the Effects of Changes in New Source Review on National SO2 and NOx Emissions from Electricity-Generating Units, with David A. Evans, Benjamin F. Hobbs, and Craig Oren. Environmental Science and Technology 42(2): 347–353, 2008. Simple Rules for targeting CO2 Allowance Allocation to Compensate Firms, with Dallas Burtraw and Danny Kahn. Climate Policy 6: 477–493, 2006. Retrospective Review of Energy Efficiency Policies, with Kenny Gillingham and Richard Newell. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 31: 161–192, 2006. Cost Effectiveness of Renewable Electricity Policies, with Dallas Burtraw. Energy Economics 27(6): 873–894, 2005. Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electric Sector, with Spencer Banzhaf and Dallas Burtraw. Resource and Energy Economics 26(3): 317–341, 2004. trading Cases: Is trading Credits in Created Markets a Better Way to Reduce Pollution and Protect Natural Resources? with James Boyd, Dallas Burtraw, Alan Krupnick, Virginia McConnell, Richard G. Newell, James N. Sanchirico, and Margaret Walls. Environmental Science & Technology 37(11): 216A–223A, 2003. Alternating Currents: Electricity Markets and Public Policy, with timothy Brennan and Salvador Martinez. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2002.

IAN W.H. PARRY

Allen V. Kneese Senior Fellow 202.328.5151 · parry@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

CAFE Standards, Emissions Permit Trading and

MARKETS AND COMPETITION OIL

General

Other Incentive Approaches, Greenhouse PUBLIC HEALTH

Gases

Alcohol and Tobacco Taxation

Policy CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, Carbon General

Tax, European and U.S. Regulatory Policies,

SPACE POLICY

Global Warming

TAXATION AND PUBLIC FINANCE

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS ENERGY POLICY

General

General, Conservation and

General

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

General

Efficiency, Energy and Environmental Regula-

TRANSPORTATION

tions, Energy Security and Independence

Reform, CAFE Standards, Fuel Taxes,

EUROPE

European and U.S. Regulatory Policies

General, Auto Insurance

HOT/HOV Lanes and Road Pricing, Traffic Congestion, Transit Subsidies, Transportation

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

Finance

General

PROFILE

Ian W.H. Parry is the first recipient of the Allen V. Kneese Chair at Resources for the Future. His research focuses on the cost-effectiveness and net benefits of policies to reduce externalities related to the environment and transportation systems. His recent work has analyzed gasoline taxes, transit subsidies, fuel economy standards, environmental tax shis, emissions taxes versus cap and trade, policies to reduce traffic congestion and accidents, the role of technology policy in environmental protection, the incidence of pollution control policies, and alcohol taxes. Parry is also the series editor of RFF’s web-based Weekly Policy Commentary series. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Chicago, 1993. M.A. in economics, University of Warwick, 1987. B.A. in economics, University of Shefﬁeld, 1986.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Designing Climate Mitigation Policy, with Joseph Aldy, Alan J. Krupnick, Richard G. Newell, and William A. Pizer. Journal of Economic Literature. In Press. Should Urban transit Subsidies Be Reduced? with Kenneth Small. American Economic Review 99: 700–724, 2009. A tax-Based Approach to Slowing Global Climate Change, with Joseph Aldy and Eduardo Ley. National Tax Journal 61: 493–518, 2008. Instrument Choice in Environmental Policy, with Lawrence H. Goulder. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 2: 152–174, 2008. Should Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards Be tightened? with Carolyn Fischer and Winston Harrington. Energy Journal 28: 1–29, 2007. Automobile Externalities and Policies, with Winston Harrington and Margaret Walls. Journal of Economic Literature 45: 374–400, 2007. Fiscal Interactions and the Costs of Pollution Control from Electricity. RAND Journal of Economics 36: 849–869, 2005. Does Britain or the United States Have the Right Gasoline tax? with Kenneth A. Small. American Economic Review 95: 1276–1289, 2005. Comparing Alternative Policies to Reduce traﬃc Accidents. Journal of Urban Economics 56: 346–368, 2004. Are Emissions Permits Regressive? Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 47: 364–387, 2004. e Economics of Fuel Economy Standards, with Paul R. Portney, Howard K. Gruenspecht, and Winston Harrington. Journal of Economic Perspectives 17(Fall): 203–217, 2003. How Large Are the Welfare Gains from technological Innovation Induced by Environmental Policies? with William A. Pizer and Carolyn Fischer. Journal of Regulatory Economics 23: 237–255, 2003. Instrument Choice for Environmental Protection when technological Innovation Is Endogenous, with Carolyn Fischer and William A. Pizer. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 45: 523–545, 2003. On the Implications of technological Innovation for Environmental Policy. Environment and Development Economics 8: 57–76, 2003.

ANTHONY PAUL

Center Fellow 202.328.5148 · paul@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Emissions Permit Trading and

Other Incentive Approaches, Multipollutant Policies CLIMATE CHANGE

ELECTRICITY

General, Markets and Regulation,

Renewable Portfolio Standards RENEWABLE ENERGY

General

Cap and Trade

PROFILE

Anthony Paul’s research interests include allowance allocation under cap-and-trade programs for air pollution reductions, energy efficiency on the demand side of electricity markets, electricity market regulatory structures, and interactions among policy mechanisms designed for renewable electricity generation sources. Paul’s recent work focused on the development of U.S. policy to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, with a focus on the electricity sector. is includes research into cost-effective means for protecting consumers under climate policy, the potential for energy efficiency improvements in electricity consumption to contribute to climate policy compliance, and the relationship between renewable electricity generation and electricity transmission infrastructure. In addition to his electricity expertise, Paul is also fluent in the spoken and written ai language. EDUCATION

M.S. in economics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 2006. B.S. in civil and environmental engineering, and engineering and public policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 1997. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

From Regions to Stacks: Spatial and temporal Downscaling of Power Pollution Scenarios, with B.F. Hobbs, M.C. Hu, y. Chen, J.H. Ellis, D. Burtraw, and K.L. Palmer. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 25(2): 1179–1189, 2010. Allowance Allocation in a CO2 Emissions Cap-and-trade Program for the Electricity Sector in California, with Karen L. Palmer and Dallas Burtraw. Discussion paper 09-41. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009.

A Partial Adjustment Model of U.S. Electricity Demand by Region, Season, and Sector, with Erica Myers and Karen L. Palmer. Discussion paper 08-50. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. Haiku Documentation: RFF’s Electricity Market Model Version 2.0, with Dallas Burtraw and Karen L. Palmer. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, January 2009. Compensation for Electricity Consumers under a U.S. CO2 Emissions Cap, with Dallas Burtraw and Karen L. Palmer. Discussion paper 08-25, Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Economic and Energy Impacts from Participation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: A Case Study of the State of Maryland, with Matthias Ruth, Steven Gabriel, Karen Palmer, Dallas Burtraw, yishu Chen, Benjamin Hobbs, Daraius Irani, Jeﬀrey Michael, Kim Ross, Russell Conklin, and Julia Miller. Energy Policy 36(6): 2279–2289, 2008. Green Corridors: Linking Interregional transmission Expansion and Renewable Energy Policies, with Shalini Vajjhala, Richard Sweeney, and Karen L. Palmer. Discussion paper 08-06. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Ancillary Beneﬁts of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector, with Dallas Burtraw, Alan Krupnick, Karen Palmer, Mike toman, and Cary Bloyd. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 45(3): 650–673, 2003.

NIGEL PURVIS

Visiting Scholar 202.468.6443 · purvis@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AFRICA ASIA

Forest Carbon

FORESTRY

General, Climate Change and

Deforestation, Remote Sensing and Mapping Global Forests

CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation, Carbon

Sequestration and Storage, Forest Carbon, International Treaties ENERGY POLICY

Energy Security and

Independence, Energy Technologies

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Poverty and

Natural Resource Management LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Tropical

Forests and Climate Change

PROFILE

Nigel Purvis is a visiting scholar at RFF and president of Climate Advisers, a consulting firm. He holds senior policy research appointments at the German Marshall Fund of the United States and the Brookings Institution. He is the executive director of the Commission on Climate and tropical Forests. Previously, Purvis was directly involved in U.S. environmental diplomacy, most recently as deputy assistant secretary of state for oceans, environment, and science. In that capacity, he oversaw U.S. foreign policy on climate change, biodiversity conservation, forests, international environment and trade, toxic substances, and ozone depletion. He was a senior international negotiator on climate change from 1998 to 2002. Purvis served as vice president for policy and external affairs worldwide at e Nature Conservancy. He was a senior scholar in the foreign policy program of the Brookings Institution, where he directed the environment and development project. He also was an international affairs fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. Early in his career, Purvis worked as an international lawyer at the U.S. State Department, as a securities attorney at the law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell, and as a lecturer at Georgetown University. His essays and interviews on climate change, environmental diplomacy, international assistance, and foreign affairs have appeared in leading news outlets and academic journals around the world.

EDUCATION

J.D. with honors, Harvard Law School, 1990. B.A. with high honors, University of Minnesota, 1987. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

taking Measure of Forest Carbon. Resources 174. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Forest Carbon Index: The Geography of Forests in Climate Solutions, with Adrian Deveny, Janet Nackoney, Mykola Gusti, Raymond J. Kopp, Erin Myers Madeira, Andrew R Stevenson, Georg Kindermann, Molly K. Macauley, and Michael Obersteiner. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, December 2009. Global Climate Negotiations and tropical Deforestation. U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, November 2009. U.S. Leadership in Copenhagen, with Andrew R Stevenson. Backgrounder. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, November 2009. Managing Climate-Related International Forest Programs: A Proposal to Create the International Forest Conservation Corporation, with Raymond J. Kopp and Andrew R Stevenson. Issue brief 09-07. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. International Forest Carbon in Congress: A Survey of Key Congressional Staﬀ, with Lou Leonard and Raymond J. Kopp. Issue brief 09-03. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. trading Approaches on Climate: e Case for Climate Protection Authority. Resources 169. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Mind the Gap: e Case for Climate and Competitiveness Protection Authority. Issue brief 08-03. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Conserving the Climate: Scaling-Up Global Markets for Forest Carbon, with Erin C. Myers. Issue brief 08-02. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008.

NATHAN RICHARDSON

Resident Scholar 202.328.5054 · richardson@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Policy and Effects,

WATER

Oil Spills/Marine Resource Damage

Clean Air Act OIL

General

PROFILE

Nathan Richardson is an attorney whose research interests include international and regulatory law, particularly environmental law and regulation of risk. His work at RFF encompasses a range of climate change issues, including U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulation of greenhouse gases, analysis of proposed or potential climate legislation, and international climate agreements. He also studies environmental liability and regulatory institutions and practices, including estimates of ecological damage as the result of environmental disasters such as oil spills. EDUCATION

J.D. with honors, University of Chicago Law School, 2009. B.S. in foreign service, Georgetown University, 2001. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Deepwater Horizon and the Patchwork of Oil Spill Liability Law. Backgrounder. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, May 2010. Greenhouse Gas Regulation under the Clean Air Act: Structure, Eﬀects, and Implications of a Knowable Pathway, with Arthur G. Fraas and Dallas Burtraw. Discussion paper 10-23. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. International Greenhouse Gas Oﬀsets under the Clean Air Act. Discussion paper 1024. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. Greenhouse Gas Regulation under the Clean Air Act: Does Chevron v. NRDC Set the EPA Free? Discussion paper 09-50. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. Breaking Up Doesn't Have to Be so Hard: Default Rules for Partition and Secession. Chicago Journal of International Law 9 (Winter): 685, 2009.

MICHAEL T. ROCK

Gilbert F. White Fellow 202.328.5147 · rock@ rff.org

EXPERTISE ASIA

Environmental Policies in China

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

International

Development and the Environment

PROFILE

Michael Rock, the Gilbert F. White Fellow for 2010–2011, examines environmental and development issues in East Asia; the role of industrial policy in the second-tier industrializing economies of Southeast Asia; and democracy, governance, and development in Southeast Asia, with particular focus on Indonesia, Malaysia, and ailand. At RFF, he plans to assess China’s green growth strategy, especially the relationship between technological learning and carbon dioxide emissions in China’s heavy industries. Among his most recent books is Industrial Transformation in the Developing World, published by Oxford University Press, which focuses on policy integration in developing East Asia and the amalgamation of industrial technological upgrading policies with those for industrial environmental improvement. He is author of Pollution Control in East Asia, jointly published by RFF Press and the Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, which examines the degree to which governments in North and Southeast Asia have built eﬀective command-and-control environmental agencies and integrated them with the institutions of industrial policy. Rock’s work has appeared in such journals and magazines as World Development, Development Policy Review, Ecological Economics, Journal of Environment and Development, Local Environment, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Journal of International Development, Competition and Change, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Environment, Journal of Development Studies, and Studies in Comparative International Development. Rock is the Samuel and Etta Wexler Professor of Economic History at Bryn Mawr College and also has taught at Mount Holyoke College, Bennington College, the University of Denver, and Hood College. He serves on the Scientiﬁc Steering Commit-

tee for the Industrial transformation Project at the International Human Dimensions Program on Global Environmental Change. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Pittsburgh, 1972. M.A. in economics, University of Pittsburgh, 1970. B.S. in economics, Duquesne University, 1968. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Has Democracy Slowed Growth in Asia? World Development 37(5): 941–952, 2009. Environmental Rationalities and the Development State in East Asia: Prospects for a Sustainability transition, with David P. Angel. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 76: 229–240, 2009. Does Globalization Promote or Hinder Sustainability transitions? Evidence from Asia, with James t. Murphy, Rajah Rasiah, Paul van Seters, and Shunsuke Managi. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 76: 241–258, 2009. Corruption and Democracy. Journal of Development Studies 45(1): 55–75, 2009. Grow First, Clean Up Later? Industrial transformation in East Asia, with David P. Angel. Environment 49(4): 8–20, 2007. Impact of Multinational Corporations’ Firm-Based Environmental Standards on Subsidiaries and eir Suppliers: Evidence from Motorola-Malaysia, with David Angel and Lim Pao Li. Journal of Industrial Ecology 10(1–2): 257–278, 2006. Global Standards and the Environmental Performance of Industry, with David P. Angel. Environment and Planning 37: 1903–1918, 2005. e Comparative Politics of Corruption: Accounting for the East Asian Paradox in Empirical Studies of Corruption, Growth and Investment. World Development 32(6): 999–1017, 2004. Public Disclosure of the Sweatshop Practices of American Multinational Garment/Shoe Makers/Retailers: Impacts on eir Stock Prices. Competition and Change 7(1): 23–38, 2003.

HEATHER ROSS

Visiting Scholar 202.328.5114 · ross@ rff.org

EXPERTISE ENERGY POLICY

General, Energy Security and

Independence OIL

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal

General

PROFILE

Heather Ross brings extensive experience in government, industry, and policy analysis to her work on regulatory reform, energy policy, and climate change. She served as senior economist of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget, deputy assistant secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior, and special assistant to the president for economic policy. She also worked in the international oil industry for 10 years, including positions as vice president of BP America and assistant director of BP Europe, as well as at the Brookings Institution and the Urban Institute. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Massachusetts Institute of technology, 1970. B.A. in mathematics, Vassar College, 1963. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Getting oﬀ Oil. Resources 164. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2007. Producing Oil or Reducing Oil: Which Is Better for U.S. Energy Security? Resources 148. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2002. Clean Air: Is the Sky the Limit? Resources 143. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2001. e Search for an Intelligible Principle: Setting Air Quality Standards under the Clean Air Act. Issue brief. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, October 2000.

STEPHEN W. SALANT

Nonresident Fellow 734.764.2370 · ssalant@ umich.edu

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Emissions Permit Trading and

Other Incentive Approaches CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, Global

PUBLIC HEALTH

Antibiotics and Antibiotic

Resistance, Disease Control Priority for Developing Countries

Warming, Greenhouse Gases, International Treaties

PROFILE

Steve Salant, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, is an applied microtheorist specializing in the fields of industrial organization and natural resource economics. Among the subjects he has addressed in his research are the appropriate interpretation of government statistics on the duration of unemployment, the effects of anticipated and actual government policies on the price of gold, the timing of speculative attacks on price stabilization schemes for commodities or emissions permits, and the economic aermath of decisions by such groups as agricultural marketing boards, cartels, and international commodity organizations. Before joining the economics faculty at the University of Michigan in 1986, he worked at the Federal Reserve Board and the RAND Corporation, where he served as the first editor of the RAND Journal of Economics. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Pennsylvania, 1973. B.A. in mathematics, Columbia University, 1967. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Willpower and the Optimal Control of Visceral Urges, with Emre Ozdenoren and Dan Silverman. Journal of the European Economics Association. In Press. e Welfare Costs of Unreliable Water Service, with Brian Baisa, Lucas Davis, and William Wilcox. Journal of Development Economics 92(1): 1–12, 2010. Putting Free Riding to Work: A Partnership Solution to the Common Property Problem, with Martin D. Heintzelman and Stephan Schott. Journal of Environmental

Economics and Management 57(3): 309–320, 2009. Creating Incentives for Pharmaceutical Research on Neglected Diseases: Book Review. Economic Development and Cultural Change 55(4), 2007. e Economics of Mutualisms: Optimal Utilization of Mycorrihizal Mutualistic Partners by Plants, with Miroslav Kummel. Ecology 87(4): 892–902, 2006. Spatially and Intertemporally Eﬃcient Waste Management: e Costs of Interstate trade Restrictions, with Molly K. Macauley and Eduardo Ley. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 43(2): 188–218, 2002. Private Storage of Common Property, with Gérard Gaudet and Michel Moreaux. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 43(2): 280–302, 2002. Intertemporal Depletion of Resource Sites by Spatially Distributed Users, with Gérard Gaudet and Michel Moreaux. American Economic Review 91(4): 1149–1159, 2001. Exhaustible Resources and Industrial Structure: A Nash-Cournot Approach to the World Oil Market. Journal of Political Economy 84(5): 1079–1093, 1976.

JAMES N. SANCHIRICO

Nonresident Fellow 530.754.9883 · jsanchirico@ ucdavis.edu

EXPERTISE BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

General,

Ecosystem Management, Invasive Species,

INVASIVE SPECIES

General

LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

Open Spaces

Wildlife Conservation LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

General

Managing Coral Reef Systems in the Caribbean OCEANS AND FISHERIES

General, Ecosystem-

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

Based Management, Fishing Quotas, Marine

General

Protected Areas, Zoning the Oceans

PROFILE

Jim Sanchirico analyzes the economic factors involved in managing living biological resources, such as fisheries, and ecosystem biodiversity, with an emphasis on protected marine areas. His studies range from investigation of the effects of closing off areas of the ocean to commercial fishing to the design, implementation, and performance of market-based instruments, such as individual fishing quotas. An overarching theme of his ocean research is the potential benefits and costs of zoning the oceans, an approach akin to zoning land. His other research interests include spatial and intertemporal management of biological resources, the interface between land use and biodiversity conservation, and the economics of invasive species management. He serves on the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s Science Advisory Board, on the advisory committee of the Marine Ecosystem Services Program of Forest trends, and is a member of the editorial council of the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. He also has provided expert advice to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on the valuation of coral reefs. Recently, he served on a National Research Council committee to review the U.S. Ocean Research Priorities Plan. Sanchirico is a professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of California–Davis. He was an RFF senior fellow for nine years before joining the Davis faculty in 2007.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in agricultural and resource economics, University of California–Davis, 1998. B.A. in economics and mathematics, Boston University, 1991. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Economic Insights into the Costs of Design Restrictions in ITQ Programs, with Kailin Kroetz. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, January 2010. Economic Analysis for Ecosystem-Based Management: Applications to Marine and Coastal Environments, with Daniel S. Holland, Robert J. Johnston, and Deepak Joglekar. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2010. Spatial Management of Invasive Species: Pathways and Policy Options, with Heidi J. Albers, Carolyn Fischer, and Conrad Coleman. Environmental and Resource Economics 45(4): 517–535, 2010. Optional Rebuilding of a Metapopulation, with James Wilen and Conrad Coleman. American Journal of Agriculture Economics 94(4): 1087–1102, 2010. Better Deﬁned Rights and Responsibilities in Marine Adaptation Policy. Issue brief 09-12. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2009. An Adaptation Portfolio for the United States Coastal and Marine Environment, with David Kling. RFF Report. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, June 2009.

P. LYNN SCARLETT

Visiting Scholar 202.328.5189 · scarlett@ rff.org

EXPERTISE BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

General,

LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

General;

Ecosystem Management, Invasive Species,

Ecosystem Services; U.S. Forest Service;

Trade in Endangered Species, Wildlife Conser-

Grazing Rights; Open Spaces; Outdoor Recre-

vation

ation; Parks, Refuges, and Wilderness

CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation, Carbon

Sequestration and Storage ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ENDANGERED SPECIES ENERGY POLICY

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Tropical

Forests and Climate Change

General General

General, Energy and Environ-

NATURAL DISASTERS

Disaster Management

and Response OIL

Deepwater and Offshore Drilling

mental Regulations, Energy and Public Lands,

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

History of Environmental Policy

Federal; Regional, State, and Local

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE FORESTRY

General

Wildland Fire Policy and Manage-

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Public Lands

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

ment

Ecosystem Benefit Indicators

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

WASTER MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP

General

Natural Resources Damages

INVASIVE SPECIES

General

WATER

Everglades Restoration, Oil

Spills/Marine Resource Damage, Water Resource Management

PROFILE

Lynn Scarlett has extensive experience in both government and academia on issues related to effective stewardship of land, water, and wildlife resources. At RFF, she concentrates on climate change, its effects on land, water, and wildlife, and adaptation strategies; conservation policies; ecosystem services policy; and public land management. She explores the nexus of science and policy, the challenges of large landscape conservation, and the opportunities of using natural landscapes to benefit communities.

As deputy secretary and chief operating oﬃcer of the U.S. Department of the Interior from 2005 to 2009, she had broad responsibilities for federal land management, resource use, wildlife protection, wetlands, and ecosystem oversight. Prior to her position as deputy secretary, she served as the assistant secretary for policy, management, and budget at Interior from 2001 to 2005. She also served on the Executive Committee of the President’s Management Council. In 2006, she served brieﬂy as acting secretary of the Department of the Interior. From 1982 through 2001, she held a variety of positions at the Los Angeles-based Reason Foundation, a nonpartisan public policy organization. Aer leaving government, she was named the Zurich Financial Services Distinguished Visiting Lecturer on Climate Change at the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of California–Santa Barbara. She is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration. She also has been an independent environmental analyst working on projects with the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Defense Fund, the SSPEED Center at Rice University, and other organizations. She is a member of the Commission on Climate and tropical Forests, and from 2003 to 2004, she chaired the federal Wildland Fire Leadership Council, an interagency, intergovernmental forum for implementing the National Fire Plan. She also chaired the federal Recreation Fee Leadership Council from 2001 to 2005. She serves on the boards of the American Hiking Society, the Continental Divide trail Alliance, and RESOLVE and is a trustee emeritus of the Udall Foundation. EDUCATION

Ph.D. coursework and exams completed, in political science (no dissertation), University of California–Santa Barbara, 1980. M.A. in political science, University of California–Santa Barbara, 1973. B.A. in political science, University of California–Santa Barbara, 1970. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Large Landscape Conservation: A Strategic Framework for Policy and Action. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2010. Reshaping the Endangered Species Act: A Holistic Approach Needed? Issue brief 1015. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, June 2010. Green, Clean and Dollar Smart: Ecosystem Restoration in Cities and Countryside. New york: Environmental Defense Fund, 2010. Business as a Living System: e Value of Industrial Ecology. California Management Review 43(3), 2001. Race to the Top: State Environmental Innovations. Los Angeles: Reason Public Policy Institute, 2000.

ROGER A. SEDJO

Senior Fellow and Director, Center for Forest Economics and Policy 202.328.5065 · sedjo@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AFRICA

Forest Carbon

AGRICULTURE

FORESTRY

Biotechnology, Genetically

General, Biotechnology, Climate

Change and Deforestation, Ecosystem Services, Forest Carbon, Forest Disturbance and Man-

Modified Crops

agement, Forest Modeling, Genetically Modified ASIA

Forest Carbon

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

Trees, Remote Sensing and Mapping Global General,

Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss, Genetically Modified Trees, Invasive Species CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation, Carbon

Sequestration and Storage, Forest Carbon,

Forests, Timber Markets LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

General;

Ecosystem Restoration; Parks, Refuges, and Wilderness; U.S. Forest Service RENEWABLE ENERGY

General, Bioenergy

Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases, International Treaties

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

General

PROFILE

Roger Sedjo has been the director of RFF’s Center for Forest Economics and Policy for more than 25 years. He is an expert on forest economics and policy, including public and private forestland management and international forestry. His work involves issues of wood as a commodity, biomass energy, and environmental issues surrounding forests. He has focused on modeling domestic and international timber supplies and forest carbon, following the changing position of U.S. industrial competition, examining the interrelationship between forest certiﬁcation and the environmental impacts of logging, and evaluating the eﬀects of forest plantations on timber supply. In addition, Sedjo was among several RFF and other scholars who shared a Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 for contributions to a number of major Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports addressing climate change and forests. His work also examines measuring and monitoring deforestation and forest changes; the interactions among climate issues, carbon, bioenergy, and forests, including the impact of climate change on forests; the role of forests in carbon sequestration; and approaches to mitigation and forest recovery. Another area of study is tree biotechnol-

ogy, including the regulatory processes and potential financial and environmental costs and benefits of genetically modified trees. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of Washington, 1969. M.A. in economics, University of Illinois, 1963. B.A. in economics, University of Illinois, 1961. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Biomass Sequestration, Energy and Global Change. In International Yearbook of Environmental and Resource Economics, edited by H. Folmer and t. tietenberg. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. In Press. Perspectives on Sustainable Resources in America. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2008. Climate Change Impacts on Forestry, with Andrei P. Kirilenko. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(50): 19697–19702, 2007. Returning Forests Analyzed with the Forest Identity, with P.E. Kauppi, J.H. Assubel, J. Fang, A. Mather, and P.E. Waggoner. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(46): 17574–17579, 2006. Carbon Sequestration in Global Forests under Diﬀerent Carbon Price Regimes, with B. Sohngen. Energy Journal 27: 109–126, 2006. Economics of Forestry. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2003.

LEONARD A. SHABMAN

Resident Scholar 202.328.5139 · shabman@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AGRICULTURE

General, Agriculture and

Ecosystem Services

General, Ecosystem-

Based Management, Fishing Quotas

BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

General,

Ecosystem Management CLIMATE CHANGE

OCEANS AND FISHERIES

Federal

Adaptation

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

General, Incorporat-

ing Uncertainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis ENDANGERED SPECIES

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

General, Risk Communication, Uncertainty Analysis VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General

General, Ecosystem Benefit Indicators ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY

General WATER

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General

Flooding, Oil Spills/Marine Resource Damage,

LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

Ecosystem

Restoration NATURAL DISASTERS

General, Chesapeake Bay Watershed,

Clean Water Act and Other Regulations, Safe Drinking Water, Water Demand and Use, Water Resource Management, Water Rights,

Risk of Natural Disasters

Water Supply Systems

PROFILE

Aer three decades on the faculty at Virginia tech, Len Shabman joined RFF in 2002 as a resident scholar. His research and communications eﬀorts are focused on programs and responsibilities for ﬂood and coastal storm risk management, design of payment for ecosystem services programs, and development of evaluation protocols for ecosystem restoration and management projects, with special focus on the Everglades, coastal Louisiana, and the Chesapeake Bay. Building on these themes, he has done applied research on permitting under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, creation of market-based incentives for water quality management and provision of ecosystem services, and design of collaborative water management institutions. He served for eight years on the National Research Council’s Water Science and technology Board and has been recognized as an associate of the National Academy of Sciences.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in agricultural economics, Cornell University, 1972. M.S. in agricultural economics, Cornell University, 1969. B.S. in food and resource economics, University of Massachusetts, 1967. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Finding Common Ground: Integrating Collaborative Modeling with Participatory Processes to Make Water Resources Decisions. In Press. A New Approach to Reforming the National Flood Insurance Program. In Issues of the Day, edited by Ian W.H. Parry and Felicia Day. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2010. Paying for Environmental Services from Working Agricultural Lands, with P. Bohlen, S. Lynch, M. Clark, S. Shukla, and H. Swain. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7(1): 46–55, 2009. e Nation’s Water Resources and the Challenge of Sustainability. In America’s Sustainable Resources, edited by Roger Sedjo. Washington, DC: RFF Press, 2008. Decision Making Chronology for the Lake Pontchartrain & Vicinity Hurricane Protection Project, with Douglas Woolley. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Oﬃce, 2008. Achieving Nutrient Water Quality Goals: Bringing Market-like Principles to Water Quality Management, with Kurt Stephenson. Journal of American Water Resources Association 43(4), 2007. Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: Lessons from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, with J.W. Day, D.F. Boesch, E.J. Clairain, et al. Science 315: 1679–1684, 2007. Decision-Making and Uncertainty in Ambient Water Quality Management. In Economics and Ecological Risk Assessment: Applications to Watershed Management, edited by Randall J.F. Bruins and Matthew t. Heberling. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2004. Urban Water Supply and the Environment: Extending Reach of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, with W. Cox. Virginia Journal of Environmental Law 23: 71–103, 2004. Environmental Valuation and Its Economic Critics, with K. Stephenson. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 126(6): 382–388, 2001.

PHIL SHARP

President 202.328.5000 · sharp@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Acid Rain, Air Quality Policy and

Effects, CAFE Standards, Clean Air Act, Green-

NATURAL GAS

General

NUCLEAR ENERGY

General, Nuclear Waste

house Gases OIL CLIMATE CHANGE

Tax, European and U.S. Regulatory Policies,

General

ENERGY POLICY

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal; Regional, State, and Local

Global Warming ELECTRICITY

General, World Oil Market Developments

Cap and Trade, Carbon

General, Energy Conservation

RENEWABLE ENERGY TRANSPORTATION

General

CAFE Standards

and Efficiency, Energy and Environmental Regulations, Energy Security and Independence

PROFILE

Phil Sharp became president of RFF in 2005, following a long career in public service that includes 10 terms as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana, as well as a lengthy tenure on the faculty of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, where he also served as director of Harvard’s Institute of Politics. During his 20 years of congressional service, Sharp took key leadership roles in the development of landmark energy legislation. He was deeply involved in passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments and was a key leader on the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Currently, Sharp is a member of the Board of Directors of the Duke Energy Corporation, vice chair of the Board of Directors of the Energy Foundation, and congressional chair for the National Commission on Energy Policy. He also serves on the secretary of energy’s Blue Ribbon Commission on the Future of Nuclear Power, the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on America’s Climate Choices, and as policy vice chair for the National Petroleum Council’s study on North American gas and oil resources. Sharp is a member of the Massachusetts Institute of technology’s Energy Initiative External Advisory Board as well as the International Advisory Board of the Harvard Environmental Economics Program.

He was a member of the National Research Council's Committee on EďŹ&#x20AC;ectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards (2001) and chaired the secretary of energy's Electric Systems Reliability task Force (1998). EDUCATION

Ph.D. in government, Georgetown University, 1974. B.S. in foreign service, Georgetown University, 1964.

JHIH- SHYANG SHIH

Fellow 202.328.5028 · shih@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

Air Quality Modeling, Air Quality

Policy and Effects, Fine Particulates, Ozone BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION CLIMATE CHANGE

General

Greenhouse Gases

RENEWABLE ENERGY

General, Bioenergy,

Public Lands RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

General

TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

General COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

General, Incorporat-

ing Uncertainty in Cost–Benefit Analysis

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP

Solid

Waste and Recycling ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

General WATER

ENERGY POLICY

Energy and Public Lands

Water Resource Management, Water

Supply Systems

REGULATORY PROGRAMS AND INSTITUTIONS

Federal

PROFILE

trained as an environmental systems engineer, Jhih-Shyang Shih focuses his research on developing tools for environmental management and policy analysis. e combination of a technical background and public policy research enables him to bridge the science, engineering, and policy communities. His recent research focuses on SPARROW-Carbon water quality modeling, assessing Landsat investment, diﬀusion in the use of Earth observations data, the impact of carbon price policies on U.S. industry, agricultural air quality, regional transport of air pollution, space solar power, renewable energy, community water systems, and the development of a Chinese SPARROW model. His other interests include climate change and air quality. Shih is a member of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences. He has received fellowships from Carnegie Mellon University, and he was an AAAS / U.S. Environmental Protection Agency fellow in 1995. In addition to his work at RFF, Shih taught at Johns Hopkins University in 1997.

EDUCATION

Ph.D. in system analysis and economics for public decisionmaking, Johns Hopkins University, 1991. M.S. in environmental engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, 1983. B.S. in environmental engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, 1981. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Assessing Investment in Future Landsat Instruments: e Example of Forest Carbon Oﬀsets, with Molly Macauley. Discussion paper 10-14. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2010. From Science to Applications: Determinants of Diﬀusion in the Use of Earth Observations, with Molly Macauley and Joe Maher. Journal of Terrestrial Observation 2(1), 2010. Impact of Carbon Price Policies on U.S. Industry, with Mun Ho and Richard D. Morgenstern. Discussion paper 08-37. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2008. Air Emissions of Ammonia and Methane from Livestock Operations: Valuation and Policy Options, with Dallas Burtraw, Karen L. Palmer, and Juha V. Siikamäki. Air & Waste Management Association 58: 1117–1129, 2008. Regional Air Quality: Local and Interstate Impacts of NOx and SO2 Emissions on Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter in the Eastern United States, with Michelle S. Bergin, Alan J. Krupnick, James W. Boylan, James G. Wilkinson, M. talat Odman, and Armistead G. Russell. Environmental Science and Technology 41(13): 4677– 4689, 2007. Satellite Solar Power: Renewed Interest in an Era of Climate Change? with Molly K. Macauley. Space Policy 23(2): 108–120, 2007. Economies of Scale in Community Water Systems, with Winston Harrington, William Pizer, and Kenneth Gillingham. Journal of the American Water Works Association 98(9): 100–108, 2006.

JUHA SIIKAMÄKI

Fellow 202.328.5157 · juha@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AFRICA

Forest Carbon, Wildlife Conservation

AGRICULTURE

General, Agriculture and

Acid Rain, Air Quality Policy and

Conservation and Efficiency

General, Climate Change and

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General

Effects, Ozone ASIA

FORESTRY

Deforestation, Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem Services AIR QUALITY

ENERGY POLICY

LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

Forest Carbon

General;

Ecosystem Services; Farmland Preservation; BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION

General,

Deforestation and Biodiversity Loss, Ecosystem

Open Spaces; Outdoor Recreation; Parks, Refuges, and Wilderness

Management, Wildlife Conservation PESTICIDES CLIMATE CHANGE

Social Cost of Pesticides

Carbon Sequestration and PUBLIC HEALTH

Storage, Forest Carbon COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

General

Pesticides and Health

VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

General VALUATION OF HEALTH BENEFITS

ENDANGERED SPECIES

General

Ecosystem

Services

PROFILE

Juha Siikamäki's work focuses on evaluating the benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness of different environmental policy options, especially those related to ecosystems and conservation. His work seeks to help governments and other organizations make prudent decisions about the use and conservation of nature and effectively invest in it. Besides his expertise in ecosystems and conservation, Siikamäki has broad interest and experience in empirical evaluations of public policy, especially in the context of empirical assessments of consumer preferences and choices. He has studied outdoor recreation in the United States; developed approaches to improve the cost-effectiveness of the protection of endangered species, particularly Pacific salmon; developed survey and other approaches to valuing ecosystem services in the United States and elsewhere; evaluated the benefits and costs of biodiversity conservation policies in Finland; and reviewed biodiversity and its protection in the

United States. His has provided guidance to environmental policy assessments in the United States, Finland, Jamaica, Mexico, China, and North Africa and the Mediterranean region. Siikamäki currently serves as the treasurer of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in environmental policy analysis, University of California–Davis, 2001. M.S. in agricultural and natural resource economics, University of California–Davis, 1998. M.S. in agricultural policy analysis, University of Helsinki, 1995. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Prioritizing Conservation Activities Using Reserve Site Selection Methods and Population Viability Analysis, with S. Newbold. Ecological Applications 19(7): 1774–1790, 2009. Payments for Ecosystem Services Programs: Predicting Landowners’ Enrollment and Opportunity Cost Using a Beta-Binomial Model, with D. Layton. Environmental and Resource Economics 44(3): 415–439, 2009. e State of the Great Outdoors: America’s Parks, Public Lands, and Recreation Resources, with Margaret Walls and Sarah Darley. RFF Report. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, September 2009. Climate Change and U.S. Agriculture: Examining the Connections. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 50(4): 36–49, 2008. Biodiversity in the United States, with Jeﬀrey Chow. In Perspectives on Sustainable Resources in America, edited by Roger Sedjo. Washington DC: RFF Press, 2008. Discrete Choice Survey Experiments: A Comparison Using Flexible Methods, with D.F. Layton. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 53: 122–139, 2007. Potential Cost-Eﬀectiveness of Incentive Payment Programs for the Protection of Non-Industrial Private Forests, with D.F. Layton. Land Economics 83(4): 539–560, 2007.

KENNETH A. SMALL

Nonresident Fellow ksmall@ uci.edu

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

General, Air Quality Policy and

Effects, CAFE Standards, Greenhouse Gases ENERGY POLICY

Energy and Environmental

TRANSPORTATION

General, Fuel Taxes,

HOT/HOV Lanes and Road Pricing, Land Use and Transportation, Traffic Congestion, Transit Subsidies, Transportation Finance, Vehicle

Regulations

Emissions INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES VALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

General

General LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS

Urban Sprawl

PROFILE

Ken Small is one of the nation’s leading experts on urban and transportation issues and environmental economics. Among his recent research topics are urban highway congestion, measurement of value of time and reliability, effects of fuel efficiency standards, road and public transit pricing, and fuel taxes. For four years, he served as associate editor of Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, and he remains on the editorial boards of that and four other professional journals. He previously was North American co-editor of the international journal Urban Studies. Small has served on several study committees of the National Research Council, examining, among other things, cost–benefit analysis and the federal program on congestion management and air quality. His book, Urban Transportation Economics, was recently updated in a new edition (The Economics of Urban Transportation) and has become a widely cited standard reference in the field. Small, a research professor and professor emeritus of economics at the University of California–Irvine, was honored in 1999 with the Distinguished Member Award by the transport and Public Utilities Group of the American Economic Association and in 2004 with the Distinguished transportation Research Award by the transportation Research Forum. He was the recipient of the Faculty Achievement Award at the University of California–Irvine in 2007 and is a fellow of Regional Science Association International.

Small has advised many public and private groups, including the Canadian Royal Commission on National Passenger transportation, the European Union, the South Coast Air Quality Management District, the World Bank, and the California Air Resources Board. At Irvine, he previously served as chair of economics and associate dean of social sciences. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of California–Berkeley, 1976. M.A. in physics, University of California–Berkeley, 1972. B.S., A.B. in physics, mathematics, University of Rochester, 1968. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Should Urban transit Subsidies Be Reduced? with Ian W.H. Parry. American Economic Review 99(3): 700–724, 2009. The Economics of Urban Transportation, with Erik t. Verhoef. London: Routledge, 2007. Does Britain or the United States Have the Right Gasoline tax? with Ian W.H. Parry. American Economic Review 95: 1276–1289, 2005. Uncovering the Distribution of Motorists’ Preferences for travel time and Reliability, with Cliﬀord Winston and Jia yan. Econometrica 73: 1367–1382, 2005. Urban transportation, with José A. Gómez-Ibáñez. In Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics, Vol. 3, edited by P. Chesire and E.S. Mills. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1937–1999, 1999. Urban Spatial Structure, with Alex Anas and Richard Arnott. Journal of Economic Literature 36: 1426–1464, 1998. On the Costs of Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles, with Camilla Kazimi. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 29: 7–32, 1995. e Scheduling of Consumer Activities: Work trips. American Economic Review 72(3): 467–479, 1982. Applied Welfare Economics with Discrete Choice Models, with Harvey S. Rosen. Econometrica 49(1): 105–130, 1981.

MARGARET A. WALLS

Thomas J. Klutznick Senior Fellow 202.328.5092 · walls@ rff.org

EXPERTISE CLIMATE CHANGE ENERGY POLICY

Cap and Trade

General, Energy and Environ-

mental Regulations, Energy Security and Independence INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General LAND USE AND PUBLIC LANDS General;

NATURAL GAS

General, Shale Gas

TAXATION AND PUBLIC FINANCE TRANSPORTATION

General

Alternative Fuels and

Vehicles, Fuel Taxes, Land Use and Transportation, Telecommuting, Vehicle Emissions WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CLEANUP

Solid

Waste and Recycling

Farmland Preservation; Open Spaces; Outdoor Recreation; Parks, Refuges, and Wilderness; Transferable Development Rights; Urban Sprawl

PROFILE

Margaret Walls has focused her recent work on finding practical and effective uses of land, particularly in urban and suburban areas. A key aspect of her research involves analyzing the use of transferable development rights programs to protect open space. She also has led a broad-based study of outdoor recreation resources, including analysis of supply and demand for such resources in the United States, funding and financing issues, and emerging areas of concern for policymakers. In 2010, Walls was named the first appointee to the omas J. Klutznick Chair at RFF. She is developing a stream of work on city parks and urban open space, an outgrowth of work she did as part of the Outdoor Resources Review Group project, which examined a range of outdoor recreation and conservation issues. She is widely published on these topics in such publications as Journal of Urban Economics, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Land Economics, and Review of Economics and Statistics. Walls also works on transportation and energy policy issues, including modeling vehicle choice and studying telecommuting as an option to reduce traffic congestion and emissions. She is coauthor of Toward a New National Energy Policy: Assessing the

Options, a report published in 2010 in conjunction with the National Energy Policy Institute. Walls previously was a fellow at RFF from 1987 to 1996. She then worked for nearly ﬁve years as an associate professor of economics at Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand. She rejoined RFF in November 2000. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, University of California–Santa Barbara, 1988. B.S. in agricultural economics, University of Kentucky, 1981. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

e State of the Great Outdoors: America’s Parks, Public Lands, and Recreation Resources, with Sarah Darley and Juha Siikamäki. RFF Report. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, September 2009. e Incidence of U.S. Climate Policy: Alternative Uses of Revenues from a Cap-andtrade Auction, with Dallas Burtraw and Richard Sweeney. National Tax Journal 62(3): 497–518, 2009. Policy Monitor: U.S. Experience with transferable Development Rights, with Virginia McConnell. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 3(2): 288–303, 2009. e tradeoff between Private Lots and Public Open Space in Subdivisions at the Urban-Rural Fringe, with Elizabeth Kopits and Virginia McConnell. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 89(5): 1191–1197, 2007. Automobile Externalities and Policies, with Ian W.H. Parry and Winston Harrington. Journal of Economic Literature 45(June): 373–399, 2007. What Drives telecommuting? e Relative Impacts of Worker Demographics, Employer Characteristics, and Job types, with Elena Safirova and yi Jiang. Transportation Research Record 2010: 111–120, 2007. Zoning, tDRs, and the Density of Development, with Virginia McConnell and Elizabeth Kopits. Journal of Urban Economics 59(3): 440–457, 2006. The Value of Open Space: Evidence from Studies of Nonmarket Benefits, with Virginia McConnell. RFF Report. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2005.

ROBERTON C. WILLIAMS III

Senior Fellow and Director, Academic Programs 202.328.5031 · williams@ rff.org

EXPERTISE AIR QUALITY

CAFE Standards, Emissions

Permit Trading and Other Incentive Approaches, Greenhouse Gases CLIMATE CHANGE

Cap and Trade, Carbon Tax

COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

General, Distribution

of Costs and Benefits ENERGY POLICY

INCENTIVE-BASED REGULATORY POLICIES

General MARKETS AND COMPETITION

General

TAXATION AND PUBLIC FINANCE TRANSPORTATION

General

CAFE Standards, Fuel

Taxes, Transportation Finance

General , Energy and Environ-

mental Regulations

PROFILE

Rob Williams studies both environmental policy and tax policy, with a particular focus on interactions between the two. In addition to his role at RFF, he is an associate professor at the University of Maryland–College Park and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He also serves as a co-editor of the Journal of Public Economics, editorial council member (and former co-editor) of the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, and member of the editorial board of the B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy. He was previously an associate professor at the University of texas–Austin, a visiting research scholar at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, and an Andrew W. Mellon Fellow at the Brookings Institution. EDUCATION

Ph.D. in economics, Stanford University, 1999. A.B. in economics, Harvard University, 1994. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Efficiency and Distributional trade-offs in Recycling Carbon Cap-and-trade Revenues, with Ian W.H. Parry. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy. In Press. Optimal taxation and Cross-Price Effects on Labor Supply: Estimates of the Optimal

Gas tax, with Sarah West. Journal of Public Economics 91: 593–617, 2007. e Cost of Reducing Gasoline Consumption, with Sarah West. American Economic Review 95(May): 294–299, 2005. e Substantial Bias from Ignoring General Equilibrium Eﬀects in Estimating Excess Burden, and a Practical Solution, with Lawrence Goulder. Journal of Political Economy 111: 898–927, 2003. When Can Carbon Abatement Policies Increase Welfare? e Fundamental Role of Distorted Factor Markets, with Ian W.H. Parry and Lawrence Goulder. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 37: 52–84, 1999. e Cost-Eﬀectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in a Second-Best Setting, with Lawrence Goulder, Ian Parry, and Dallas Burtraw. Journal of Public Economics 72: 329–360, 1999.

RFF UNIVERSITY FELLOWS

e RFF University Fellows Program aﬀords outstanding scholars at universities around the world the opportunity to establish closer working relationships with RFF researchers. Appointments are made and renewed by the RFF president with the advice of senior management and with the proviso that substantial beneﬁts to the research of both RFF and the University Fellow can be expected. John F. Ahearne 919.547.5213 · ahearne@ sigmaxi.org

John Ahearne, a former RFF vice president and senior fellow, is executive director emeritus of Sigma xi, an international honor society of research scientists and engineers, and an adjunct professor of civil and environmental engineering at Duke University. His primary areas of research are nuclear reactors, nuclear waste, and nuclear weapons. From 1978 to 1983, he was a commissioner of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and he served as chairman from 1979 to 1981. Previously, Ahearne was deputy and principal deputy assistant secretary of defense and served in the White House Energy Oﬃce and as deputy assistant secretary of energy. He has served on or chaired more than 20 study committees of the National Research Council and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on International Security and Arms Control. He is vice chair of the Department of Energy’s Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee and chair of the Advisory Group for the National Academy of Engineering Center for Engineering, Ethics, and Society. He holds memberships in the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and is a fellow of the American Physical Society, the Society for Risk Analysis, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He received his Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University. John M. Antle, Professor Oregon State University 406.994.3706 · john.antle@ oregonstate.edu

John Antle is a professor in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics at Oregon State University and a former Gilbert White Fellow at RFF. He received his Ph.D. in economics at the University of Chicago, served as a senior staﬀ economist on the President’s Council of Economic Advisers, and is a past president and fellow of the American Agricultural Economics Association. His research interests are production economics, environmental economics, econometrics, and international development. His current work addresses the sustainability of agricultural production systems in both industrialized and developing countries, including impacts of alternative technologies and policies on food security and poverty, economic feasibility of agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation, payments for environmental services, and impacts of climate change on agriculture.

Jesse H. Ausubel, Director, Program for the Human Environment Rockefeller University 212.327.7917 · ausubel@ .rockefeller.edu

Jesse Ausubel’s research interests include environmental science and technology, industrial evolution, industrial ecology and the conservation of land and sea, and the nature of the scientific enterprise. He directs the Rockefeller University’s Program for the Human Environment and also serves as vice president of programs at the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Previously, he served as director of studies for the Carnegie Commission on Science, technology, and Government; as a fellow of the National Academy of Sciences; as a staff officer with the National Research Council’s Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate; and as director of programs for the National Academy of Engineering. Educated at Harvard and Columbia, Ausubel was one of the main organizers of the first UN World Climate Conference in Geneva, in 1979. He is deeply involved in three initiatives on biodiversity—the Census of Marine Life, the Barcode of Life initiative to develop DNA identifiers for animals and plants, and the Encyclopedia of Life to develop a web page for every species—while continuing studies of waste minimization in energy and other industries. Gardner M. Brown, Jr. 206.522.8241 · gbrown@ u.washington.edu

Gardner Brown is professor emeritus in the department of economics at the University of Washington in Seattle, where he was chair from 1985 to 1990. He specializes in natural resource economics and applied microeconomic theory, and has reviewed damage estimates for many hazardous waste or oil spill events, including Exxon Valdez. Brown also has held visiting appointments at the University of Gothenburg and the University of Cambridge. His recent work has focused on the economics of antibiotics, predator-prey population dynamics, waterfowl and wetland preservation, and the economics of ocean resources. Brown received his Ph.D. from the University of California–Berkeley in 1964, and his A.B. from Antioch College in 1959.

Partha Dasgupta, Professor of Economics University of Cambridge 44.122.333.5200 · partha.dasgupta@ econ.cam.ac.uk

Partha Dasgupta is the Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics and past chairman of the faculty of economics, University of Cambridge, as well as a fellow of St. John’s College. He also serves as a foreign associate at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the Royal Society. His research interests have covered welfare and development economics; the economics of technological change; population, environmental, and resource economics; game theory; and the economics of malnutrition. Dasgupta was knighted by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 2002 for

“services to economics” and was co-winner of the 2002 Volvo Environmental Prize and the 2004 Kenneth E. Boulding Memorial Award of the International Society for Ecological Economics. Robert T. Deacon, Professor of Economics University of California, Santa Barbara 805.893.3670 · deacon@ econ.ucsb.edu

Robert Deacon, a former RFF Gilbert White Fellow, is a professor of economics at the University of California–Santa Barbara, where he formerly chaired the Economics Department. He also serves on the Advisory Committee of RFF’s Forest Economics and Policy Program and recently completed a Julian Simon Fellowship at the Property and Environment Research Center. Much of his current research is focused on fisheries management and the use of novel property rights arrangements to increase efficiency and to gain acceptance by users. His work on the effect of governance institutions on environmental protection and natural resource use continues. Deacon received his Ph.D. from the University of Washington. Hadi Dowlatabadi, Professor University of British Columbia 604.822.0008 · hadi@ sdri.ubc.ca

Hadi Dowlatabadi, a former RFF fellow, is the Canada Research Chair Professor in Applied Mathematics, Inegrated Assessment, and Global Change at the University of British Columbia. His research interests range from interactions among energy, environment, and public health to quantitative treatment of uncertainty and new approaches to decisionmaking under deep uncertainty. Previously, he taught in the Department of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University, directed the National Science Foundation’s Center for Integrated Study of the Human Dimensions of Climate Change, and designed the environment program at Rockefeller Foundation. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge. Lawrence H. Goulder, Professor Stanford University 650.723.3706 · goulder@ stanford.edu

Lawrence Goulder is the Shuzo Nishihara Professor of Environmental and Resource Economics at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Environmental and Energy Policy Analysis Center. His research covers a range of environmental issues, including green tax reform, the design of cap-and-trade systems, climate change policy, and comprehensive wealth measurement (“green” accounting). He has served as a co-editor of the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management and on several advisory committees to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Science Advisory Board and the California Air Resources Board. Goulder graduated from Harvard College with an A.B. in philosophy in 1973 and earned a Ph.D. in economics from Stanford in 1982.

W. Michael Hanemann, Professor University of California, Berkeley 510.642.2670 · hanemann@ are.berkeley.edu

Michael Hanemann is the Chancellor’s Professor, Department of Agriculture and Resource Economics, University of California–Berkeley, where he directs the California Climate Change Center. His research interests include non-market valuation, environmental economics and policy, water pricing and management, demand modeling for market research and policy design, the economics of irreversibility and adaptive management, and welfare economics. Hanemann is a member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Economics Advisory Committee and the California Bay-Delta Public Advisory Committee on Drinking Water. He received a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University in 1978. Charles D. Kolstad, Professor University of California, Santa Barbara 805.893.2108 · kolstad@ econ.ucsb.edu

Charles Kolstad is a professor of environmental economics at the University of California– Santa Barbara, appointed in both the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and the Department of Economics. A former president of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, Kolstad is an environmental economist specializing in uncertainty and learning in environmental regulation, particularly as applied to climate change. He is a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a member of the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee Evaluating the U.S. Climate Change Research Program, a co-editor of the journal Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, and the author of numerous scholarly articles and books. His most recent book, edited with Jody Freeman of Harvard Law School, is Moving to Markets in Environmental Regulation (Oxford, 2007). His textbook, Environmental Economics, has been translated into Spanish, Japanese, and Chinese. He is also a research associate in the Environment and Energy Economics Program at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He has been a faculty member at the University of Illinois, Stanford University, MIt, and the New Economic School (Moscow), as well as a staﬀ member at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and a Peace Corps volunteer in Ghana. Jon A. Krosnick, Professor Stanford University 650.725.3031 · krosnick@ stanford.edu

At Stanford University, Jon Krosnick is the Frederic O. Glover Professor in Humanities and Social Sciences and a professor of communication, political science, and psychology, as well as the principal investigator of the American National Election Studies. He conducts research in three primary areas: attitude formation, change, and eﬀects; the psychology of political behavior; and the optimal design of questionnaires used for laboratory experiments and surveys. Krosnick has taught courses on survey methodology around the world at universities, corporations, and gov-

ernment agencies. His survey research has explored the American public’s views of environmental issues, with a special focus on climate change, since 1995. He holds an M.A. and Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of Michigan. Simon A. Levin, Professor Princeton University 609.258.6880 · slevin@ princeton.edu

Simon Levin is the Moffett Professor of Biology in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Princeton University. His principal interests are in understanding how macroscopic patterns and processes are maintained at the level of ecosystems and the biosphere, in terms of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that operate primarily at the level of organisms. Much of his research is concerned with the evolution of diversification, the mechanisms sustaining biological diversity in natural systems, and the implications for ecosystem structure and functioning. e work integrates empirical studies and mathematical modeling, with emphasis on how to extrapolate across scales of space, time, and organizational complexity. Current systems of study include plant communities, as well as marine open-ocean and intertidal systems. In related work, he has explored the self-organization and evolution of strain structure in influenza A and the dynamics of collective motion. He is deeply involved in the interface with management, sustainability, the resilience and robustness of coupled ecological and socioeconomic systems, and more generally, the linkages between the ecological and economic dimensions of and perspectives on management. Anup Malani, Professor University of Chicago School of Law and University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine 773.702.9602

· amalani@ uchicago.edu

Anup Malani is a professor of law and the Aaron Director Research Scholar at the University of Chicago Law School and a professor at the Pritzker School of Medicine. He is also an editor of the Journal of Law and Economics and a faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Malani teaches health, food and drug, insurance, bankruptcy, and corporate law. His research interests include law and economics (welfare evaluation of legal rules and the economics of product liability), health economics and policy (control of infectious disease, the conduct of clinical trials, medical malpractice and drug product liability, conflicts of interest in medical research, placebo effects, and heterogeneity in treatment effects of drugs and devices), and corporate law and finance (executive compensation, the role of nonprofit firms, and corporate philanthropy). He has had research articles published in major law, economics and medical journals, including the Harvard Law Review, Journal of Political Economy, and Archives of Internal Medicine. His writing can also be found in popular media, such as Forbes and the Chicago Tribune. Malani has a J.D. and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago. In 2001, he

served as a law clerk for Justice Sandra Day O’Connor on the U.S. Supreme Court. Wallace E. Oates, Professor University of Maryland 301.405.3496 · oates@ econ.umd.edu

Wallace Oates is a professor of economics at the University of Maryland. Previously, he taught at Princeton University from 1965 to 1979. He has served on numerous advisory groups for public policy and as president of the Eastern Economic Association and the Southern Economic Association. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1965. His major research interests have been in two fields: public finance with a special interest in fiscal federalism and environmental economics. Currently, his research efforts address the international dimensions of environmental policy and issues concerning fiscal decentralization in both industrialized and developing countries. He is the editor of two editions of e RFF Reader in Environmental and Resource Policy. Stephen Polasky, Professor University of Minnesota 612.625.9213 · polasky@ umn.edu

Stephen Polasky is the Fesler-Lampert Professor of Ecological/Environmental Economics at the University of Minnesota. His research interests include integrating ecological and economic analysis, ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, game theory, common property resources, and environmental policy. He was the senior staﬀ economist for environment and resources for the President’s Council of Economic Advisers in 1998–1999. He has served on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Science Advisory Board, and committees for the U.S. Department of Interior and National Research Council and is currently co-lead for mapping and valuing ecosystem services for the Natural Capital Project. He also is a member of the Board of Directors for the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, and a member of the Science Council and Board of Directors of e Nature Conservancy. He was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2007 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2009. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Michigan in 1986. Paul R. Portney, Dean, Eller College of Management University of Arizona 520.621.2125 · pportney@ eller.arizona.edu

Paul Portney, a longtime RFF senior fellow who served as president from 1995 to 2005, is dean of the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona. He has long been interested in the role of economic analysis in energy and environmental regulation, especially the regulation of automobiles, power plants, and other industrial facilities. In 2001, he chaired a National Acad-

emy of Sciences panel on the future of the CAFE standards. From 1979 to 1980, he was chief economist at the Council on Environmental Quality in the Executive Oﬃce of the President. Portney is the author or coauthor of more than 10 books on energy and environmental policy. He received a Ph.D. in economics from Northwestern University in 1973. V. Kerry Smith, Professor Arizona State University 480.727.9812 · kerry.smith@ asu.edu

Kerry Smith, a former RFF senior fellow, is the W.P. Carey Professor of Eeconomics at Arizona State University. Previously, he taught at North Carolina State University, Duke University, and Vanderbilt University, among others. His research interests include nonmarket valuation of environmental resources, the role of public information in promoting private risk mitigation, environmental policy and induced technical change, water resource management and conservation, general equilibrium characterization of the eﬀects of environmental policies, and adaptation and climate change. In 1989, he was awarded the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists’ Distinguished Service Award. He is a fellow of both the American Agricultural Economics Association and the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He has a Ph.D. from Rutgers University, awarded in 1970. Brent L. Sohngen, Professor Ohio State University 614.688.4640 · sohngen.1@ osu.edu

Brent Sohngen is a professor in the Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics at Ohio State University. His research interests include modeling land-use and land-cover change, examining impacts of climate change in the forestry sector, studying the economics of nonpoint source pollution, and valuing environmental change. Prior to his appointment at Ohio State in 1996, he was a Gilbert White Postdoctoral Fellow at RFF. Sohngen also leads an extension and outreach program in environmental and natural resource economics. e program focuses on linking research on natural resource and environmental economics to natural resource policy and management issues in Ohio. He obtained a bachelor’s degree from the Department of Agricultural Economics at Cornell University in 1991 and a Ph.D. from yale University in 1996. Robert N. Stavins, Professor Harvard University 617.495.1820 · robert_stavins@ harvard.edu

Robert Stavins is the Albert Pratt Professor of Business and Government at the Harvard Kennedy School, director of the Harvard Environmental Economics Program, director of Ph.D. programs in Public Policy and Political Economy and Government, co-chair of the Harvard Business

School–Harvard Kennedy School Joint Degree Program, and director of the Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements. He is a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, a member of the RFF Board of Directors, and former chair of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Economics Advisory Board. His research has examined diverse areas of environmental economics and policy, particularly climate change, and he is the author of numerous books on energy and climate. Stavins directed Project 88, a bipartisan eﬀort co-chaired by former Senator timothy Wirth and the late Senator John Heinz, to develop innovative approaches to environmental problems. He has been a consultant to government agencies, international organizations, corporations, and advocacy groups. He holds a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University. Thomas N.S. Sterner, Professor University of Gothenburg 46.31.786.1377 · thomas.sterner@ economics.gu.se

omas Sterner, a former RFF Gilbert White Fellow, is a professor of environmental economics at the University of Gothenburg–Sweden, and a founder of the Environment for Development initiative, where he is a research fellow. He is currently past president of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. He has written widely on the design of policy instruments, discounting, energy and climate, natural resource management, ﬁsheries, and issues relating to industrial and transport pollution. Previously, he worked in the Environment Department of the World Bank, and much of his current work focuses on developing countries. Sterner serves on the scientiﬁc committee of the Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa Network and on several other regional networks in developing countries. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Gothenburg in 1986. John E. Tilton, Professor Colorado School of Mines 303.273.3485 / 56.2.354.7224

· jtilton@ mines.edu / jtilton@ ing.puc.cl

John tilton divides his time between Chile, where he holds a chair in mineral economics in the Engineering School of Pontiﬁca Universidad Católica de Chile, and the United States, where he is a research professor in the Division of Economics and Business at the Colorado School of Mines. His recent research examines the role of mining in economic development, the environment and mining, the long-run availability of mineral commodities, and the recycling of metals. He is a past RFF visiting scholar and has served on various boards and committees of the National Research Council, including the Panel on Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting. tilton received his Ph.D. in economics from yale University.

Jonathan B. Wiener, Professor Duke University 919.613.7054 · wiener@ law.duke.edu

Jonathan Wiener is the William R. and omas L. Perkins Professor of Law, a professor of environmental policy at the Nicholas School, and a professor of public policy at the Sanford School at Duke University. In addition to numerous books and articles on risk regulation, climate change policy, instrument choice in environmental policy, comparative regulatory studies, and related topics, he is co-editor of the 2010 RFF Press / Earthscan book e Reality of Precaution: Comparing Risk Regulation in the United States and Europe. In 2008, he served as president of the Society for Risk Analysis, and in 2003, he received the Chauncey Starr young Risk Analyst Award from that society for the most exceptional contributions to the field of risk analysis by a scholar aged 40 or under. He also has been a visiting professor at Harvard Law School, the University of Chicago Law School, Université Paris-Dauphine, Sciences Po, and l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales and le Centre International de Recherche sur l’Énvironnement et le Développement. Before moving to Duke in 1994, he served in both the first Bush and Clinton administrations from 1989 to 1993, including as senior staff economist for environmental and regulatory matters on the President’s Council of Economic Advisers, where he helped dra Executive Order 12866 on regulatory oversight, and as special assistant at the U.S. Department of Justice, where he helped negotiate the climate change treaties. He also has been policy counsel at the White House Office of Science and technology Policy and the Americorps National Service program. In 1987–1989, he served as a law clerk to Judge Stephen G. Breyer on the U.S. Court of Appeals in Boston and to Judge Jack B. Weinstein on the U.S. District Court in Brooklyn, New york. He began his association with RFF in 1987–1988 as the staff reporter for a project on hazardous air pollutant policy. He received his A.B. in 1984 in economics and his J.D. in 1987 from Harvard University, where he was an editor of the Harvard Law Review. JunJie Wu, Professor Oregon State University 541.737.3060 · junjie.wu@ oregonstate.edu

JunJie Wu is the Emery N. Castle Professor of Resource and Rural Economics at Oregon State University. His research areas include the optimal design of agri-environmental policy, the spatial modeling of land use change and its socioeconomic and environmental impacts, and the analysis of rural-urban interdependencies and causes of spatial variations in economic development. Recent projects include optimal allocation of conservation funds in the presence of threshold eﬀects and ecosystem linkages; targeting payments for ecosystem services under asymmetric information; the slippage eﬀect of conservation programs; environmental and distributional impacts of alternative conservation targeting strategies; mandatory versus voluntary environmental regulations; dynamic interactions between urban development and land use reg-

ulations; the impacts of bioenergy production on land use and environmental quality; causes and evolution of spatial variations in economic development; ďŹ rmsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; motivations for environmental violation and overcompliance; and globalization and the spatial distribution of polluting industries. Wu has received several awards for quality research, including the Quality of Research Discovery Award from the American Agricultural Economics Association and the Outstanding Published Research Award from the Western Agricultural Economics Association. He served as an associate editor of American Journal of Agricultural Economics and is a member of the editorial council for several leading professional journals, including Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Land Economics, and Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics.

RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Kristin Hayes Center for Climate and Electricity Policy and Center for Energy Economics and Policy 202.328.5033 · hayes@ rff.org

Kristin Hayes joined RFF aer working for nine years in both domestic and international biodiversity conservation at the National Wildlife Federation, Conservation International, and Fauna & Flora International. She currently supports a large-scale, multiyear project assessing the eﬀectiveness and costs of a range of U.S. national energy policy alternatives and manages operations of RFF’s Center for Climate and Electricity Policy and Center for Energy Economics and Policy. Hayes received an M.Sc. from Oxford University and a B.S. in chemistry from the College of William and Mary.

AFFILIATED STAFF J.W. (John) Anderson, Journalist-in-Residence 202.328.5018 · anderson@ rff.org

Since 1996, John Anderson has worked at RFF as a journalist-in-residence. He writes for RFF publications and the organization’s website, mainly on issues related to climate change and energy. Prior to RFF, Anderson had a long career in journalism, starting with staﬀ positions on a number of daily papers in Pennsylvania. From 1957 to 1996, he held a variety of reporting and news management positions at the Washington Post, writing mainly for the editorial page on economic, energy, and environmental topics. He served in the U.S. Army from 1946 to 1948 and was awarded an American Political Science Association congressional fellowship in 1957. A native of Philadelphia, he received his B.A. from Williams College. Margaret Kriz Hobson, Journalist-in-Residence 202.328.5134 · hobson@ rff.org

Margie Hobson, who joined RFF as a journalist-in-residence in 2010, was chief correspondent on energy and environmental issues for National Journal—where she created the National Journal Experts Blog on energy policies—from 1987 to 2010. She previously wrote about environmental regulations for the Bureau of National Aﬀairs and was a suburban reporter for the Chicago tribune. She currently writes a federal column for the Environmental Law Institute’s Environmental Forum magazine. She has served on the Board of Directors of the Society of Environmental Journalists and on the advisory board of the Institute for Journalism and Natural Resources. In 2008, she re-

ceived the Society of Environmental Journalist’s David Stolberg Award for meritorious service. In 2002, American Journalism Review named her one of Washington journalism’s “unsung heroes.” Hobson, who was a fellow at Harvard University’s Nieman Foundation for Journalism in 2005–2006, received a bachelor’s degree from the University of Illinois in 1976 and a master’s degree in journalism from American University in 1980.

ABOUT RFF

Resources for the Future (RFF) is a nonprofit and nonpartisan organization that conducts independent research—rooted primarily in economics and other social sciences—on environmental, energy, and natural resource issues. Although RFF is headquartered in Washington, DC, its research scope comprises programs in nations around the world. Founded in 1952, RFF was created at the recommendation of William Paley, then head of the Columbia Broadcasting System, who had chaired a commission appointed by President Harry S. Truman to investigate the United States’ dependence on foreign sources of important natural resources and commodities. RFF became the first think tank devoted exclusively to natural resource and environmental issues. RFF pioneered the application of economics as a tool to develop more effective policy about the use and conservation of natural resources. Our scholars continue to analyze critical issues concerning pollution control, energy policy, land and water use, hazardous waste, climate change, biodiversity, and the environmental challenges of developing countries. Today, RFF’s staff encompasses some 60 researchers operating within five focus areas: Energy and Climate, Regulating Risks, Transportation and Urban Land, e Natural World, and Human Health. Most researchers hold doctorates in economics, but others hold advanced degrees in engineering, law, ecology, city and regional planning, American government, or public policy and management, among other disciplines. In addition, specialized centers, programs, and initiatives at RFF focus on specific areas of

dations based on the ﬁndings in their work. RFF’s success is made possible by the ﬁnancial support of individuals and organizations that have the vision to see the role research plays in formulating sound public policies. More than 70 percent of the contributions from individuals, corporations, private foundations, and government agencies go directly to our research and public education activities.

ABOUT RFF

research and operate collaboratively across disciplines. ese include the Center for Climate and Electricity Policy, Center for Energy Economics and Policy, Center for Forest Economics and Policy, Center for the Management of Ecological Wealth,and the Environment for Development initiative. RFF also established and is closely affiliated with the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics, and Policy, which is now an independent organization. Besides its research staff, RFF has a development operation, an office of communications, a book-publishing division now owned by Earthscan, and various research support functions, including a specialized library and information technology staff. Operating as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, RFF has earned a reputation for conducting independent, nonpartisan research and policy analysis of the highest quality. RFF eagerly shares the results of its work with policymakers in government at all levels, environmental and business organizations, academicians, the media, and the interested public. RFF neither lobbies nor takes positions on specific legislative or regulatory proposals, although individual researchers, speaking for themselves and not for RFF, do formulate specific policy recommen-

RFF BOARD OF DIRECTORS

e RFF Board of Directors is responsible for general supervision and strategic planning of RFF, safeguarding the independence of its research, and ensuring ﬁnancial stability. Members are elected for three-year renewable terms. VICKY A. BAILEY

W. BOWMAN CUTTER

Chair

MOHAMED T. EL-ASHRY

President Anderson Stratton,

Senior Fellow and Director

Global Environment Facility

International LLC

Economic Policy Initiative

TRUDY ANN CAMERON

The Roosevelt Institute

Vice Chair

Raymond F. Mikesell

JOHN M. DEUTCH

Retired CEO and Chairman

DANIEL C. ESTY

Vice Chair

Hillhouse Professor of

Professor of Environmental and Resource Economics

Institute Professor

Yale Law School

University of Oregon

Department of Chemistry

PRESTON CHIARO

Massachusetts Institute of

Group Executive

Technology

Rio Tinto

Environmental Law and Policy

LINDA J. FISHER

Vice President & Chief Sustainability Officer DuPont Environment & Sustainable Growth Center

top row, from le: Peter R. Kagan, W. Bowman Cutter, John M. Deutch, Preston Chiaro, Mohamed t. El-Ashry, Richard L. Schmalensee, Michael A. Mantell. Middle row, from le: David G. Hawkins, Deborah S. Hechinger, Mark R. tercek, Robert N. Stavins, Frank E. Loy, Vicky A. Bailey, Daniel C. Esty. Bottom row, from le: trudy Ann Cameron, Lawrence H. Linden, Philip R. Sharp, Linda J. Fisher, Dod A. Fraser, Peter J. Robertson, Kathryn S. Fuller. Not pictured: Rubén Kraiem and Joseph Stiglitz.

KATHRYN S. FULLER

MICHAEL A. MANTELL

JOSEPH STIGLITZ

Chair

Attorney

Professor of Economics,

Ford Foundation Board of

Resources Law Group

Business & International Affairs

Trustees

PETER J. ROBERTSON

Columbia University School of Business

DAVID G. HAWKINS

Vice Chairman of the Board,

Director of the Climate

Retired

MARK R. TERCEK

Center

Chevron Corporation

President & CEO

Natural Resources Defense Council

RICHARD L. SCHMALENSEE

The Nature Conservancy

John C. Head III Dean

DEBORAH S. HECHINGER

Sloan School of Management

CHAIR EMERITI

Debbie Hechinger Consulting

Massachusetts Institute of

DARIUS W. GASKINS, JR.

Group

Technology

Partner

PETER R. KAGAN

PHILIP R. SHARP

Managing Director

President

Warburg Pincus, LLC

Resources for the Future

RUBĂ&#x2030;N KRAIEM

ROBERT N. STAVINS

Partner

Albert Pratt Professor of

Covington and Burling, LLP

Business & Government

LAWRENCE H. LINDEN

Treasurer

Founder and Trustee Linden Trust for Conservation

Norbridge, Inc. ROBERT E. GRADY

Managing Director Cheyenne Capital Fund

Chairman of the Environment & Natural Resources Faculty Group, John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University

FRANK E. LOY

Vice Chair

Washington, DC

RFF SENIOR MANAGEMENT

PHILIP R. SHARP

LEA HARVEY

MOLLY K. MACAULEY

President

Vice President, Development

Research Director and

and Board Secretary

Senior Fellow

Vice President, Finance and

ALAN J. KRUPNICK

PETER NELSON

Administration

Research Director and

Director, Communications

EDWARD F. HAND

MARK COHEN

Vice President, Research

Senior Fellow

CENTER FOR CLIMATE AND ELECTRICITY POLICY

e mission of RFF’s Center for Climate and Electricity Policy is to undertake policy-relevant research and analysis and to carry out extensive public outreach on issues related to domestic and international climate and electricity policy. Building on more than two decades of research in these areas, the Center brings a critical mass of scholars together to tackle emerging issues related to climate change mitigation and adaptation. RESEARCH AGENDA

e Center maintains a focused and coherent agenda of research and policy engagement designed to inform the development of domestic and international climate mitigation, adaptation, and electricity policy. DOMESTIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT

Aer two years of intense political debate in the 111th U.S.

Congress regarding the design of comprehensive federal policy to control greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the passage of such legislation in the House of Representatives, further legislative progress will rest with the 112th Congress and its uncertain priorities. Renewed emphasis on comprehensive climate legislation seems unlikely and Congress is expected to address GHG emissions via new legislation focusing on energy eﬃciency and renewables, while direct GHG regulation is likely to be developed under the authority of the existing Clean Air Act. e Center is pursuing ongoing research in both areas, as well as continuing to examine a broad array of market-based policy options for the longer term. INTERNATIONAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT

Several issues addressed by the Center now dominate

post-Copenhagen international climate negotiations. ese include: the strength of developing country mitigation programs and their link to ﬁnancial contributions from developed countries; monitoring, reporting, and veriﬁcation of emissions reduction activities; reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD); developing global markets for GHG emissions trading; developing and deploying low-carbon technologies and growth paths; and adaptation to climate change. ADVANCED RESEARCH FOCUSED ON THE FUTURE NEEDS OF POLICYMAKERS

Much of the hall-

mark research for which RFF is known resulted from years of work on issues that RFF scholars investigated well before policymakers turned their attention to them. e vast body of RFF research and analysis on climate policies is no diﬀerent, and the Center continues to look ahead to anticipate future public policy needs. CONTACT RAYMOND KOPP

Senior Fellow and Center Director

202.328.5059 · kopp@rff.org

CENTER FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS AND POLICY

e Center for Energy Economics and Policy provides research, education, and guidance to policymakers, opinion leaders, researchers, and the public to improve energy policymaking. In the RFF tradition, the Center performs original economic research and policy evaluation and works to ensure that new knowledge serves to inform public- and private-sector actions. e Center offers: ∫ A five-decade legacy of energy-related research and policy analysis, including an ongoing research effort, “toward a New National Energy Policy: Assessing the Options.” ∫ A policy orientation grounded in the rigors of academic research and knowledge of the energy industry and markets, combined with a practical view of the policy process. ∫ A distinguished forum for dialogue on energy policy issues among public, private, and nonprofit actors, as well as participation in research and policy partnerships around the world. ∫ An independent, nonpartisan voice in energy economics and policy. RESEARCH AGENDA

Work conducted at the Center is organized around three interrelated themes: UNDERSTANDING THE PRESENT

RFF has the independence, credibility, and expertise to dispel

the many myths about energy markets and to offer thoughtful, reasoned analyses that appropriately inform and focus the debates about energy policies. e Center’s work looks at the underlying issues that motivate energy policies, assesses the energy-environmental interface, examines the cost-effectiveness and net benefits of current policies, and investigates to what extent existing policies are synergistic, redundant, or working at cross-purposes. SHAPING THE FUTURE

technological advances have changed the supply conditions for shale gas

and tar sands, and new technologies and approaches to energy use could prove to be signiﬁcant game changers. A barrage of new ideas for policies is being advanced, even as legislative action slows or stalls. e Center keeps pace with these changes, and help guide policy to take advantage of the most promising new technologies and thinking. THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION

Global economic growth, while valuable in many ways, is cre-

ating significant challenges for world energy resources and greenhouse gas emissions. e Center examines international issues in energy consumption and use, including worldwide energy security, international policy coordination, and energy demand and energy efficiency in rapidly growing economies. RFF’s global affiliations and experience in developing country-specific policy prescriptions add significant value in policy design. CONTACT ALAN J. KRUPNICK

Senior Fellow and Center Director

202.328.5107 · krupnick@rff.org

CENTER FOR FOREST ECONOMICS AND POLICY

e Center for Forest Economics and Policy undertakes research that examines the environmental and commodity aspects of forests. It is the oldest of RFF’s research centers and has been contributing to the forest policy process since 1977. e world’s forests are major contributors to a host of ecological goods and services, such as clean air and water, plant and animal life habitat, productive soils, and carbon sequestration. In addition, forests provide wood for industry, homes for indigenous populations, and yield important foods and materials. However, many forests are in decline or are threatened by forces such as infestation and wildﬁre, global demands to convert forestlands to other uses, or excessive logging for wood materials. Surging populations in developing countries, global climate change, and other phenomena also contribute to forest loss or decline. RESEARCH AGENDA

Forest protection and management are critical to the renewal and continuation of healthy forest systems. to address various natural and human threats, the Center works with practitioners, scholars, and policymakers to better understand the nature of forests, their possibilities, and threats; incorporates economics and forest science into relevant public policies; and adapts the latest mapping and GIS soware to enhance research and outreach eﬀorts. Research eﬀorts address three core themes: MEASURING AND MONITORING GLOBAL FORESTS AND ANTICIPATING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES APPROPRIATE FOR ADDRESSING FORESTS DAMAGED BY CLIMATE CHANGE

Only imprecise mea-

surements are currently available to help determine the value of the physical attributes of forests. New management strategies need to be developed to address climate-impacted forests. ASSESSING BIOMASS AND CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS

In response to growing interest in biofuel made

from plant cellulose, the Center has launched a new initiative that examines the environmental and economic feasibility of such renewable fuel sources. ADVANCING TREE BIOTECHNOLOGY

e ﬁeld of forest biotechnology is still in its early stages

but has the potential to bring important new products into the mainstream, from feedstock to pharmaceuticals to pest management. Forest biomass will also continue to play key roles in both renewable energy and carbon sinks. CONTACT ROGER A. SEDJO

Senior Fellow and Center Director

202.328.5065 · sedjo@rff.org

CENTER FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL WEALTH

Nature produces ecological goods and services—such as clean air and water, plant and animal life, productive soils and pollinators for crops—that currently are not well quantiﬁed, valued, or managed. As a result, many forms of ecological wealth are in decline or are threatened by global appetites for land, energy, and water. to address this social problem, the Center works with practitioners, scholars, and policymakers to incorporate ecological science into public policies focused on the social and economic beneﬁts arising from natural systems. RESEARCH AGENDA

Governments, academics, NGOs, and corporations rely on the Center to provide leadership on the challenges posed by declining and threatened ecological wealth. e Center provides its partners with access to a global research network, commitment to intellectual and policy innovations, extensive convening capacity, and access to key policy audiences. Research eﬀorts focus on three core themes: DESIGNING AND DELIVERING POLICY-RELEVANT ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

What ecological inter-

ventions and investments yield the greatest improvements in socially important ecological conditions, such as species abundance, water availability, and recreational and aesthetic opportunities? to address this question, the Center serves as a bridge between the ecological and social sciences and builds on RFF’s strength in pragmatic economic analysis and policy design. MEASURING AND COMMUNICATING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF ECOSYSTEM GOODS, SERVICES, AND SYSTEMS

e Center develops data and tools so that public environmental wealth can be

measured as clearly and systematically as market wealth, building on RFF’ s half century-long role as a communicator of nature’s fundamental role in our collective economic wellbeing. DESIGNING INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS TO PROTECT AND ENHANCE ECOLOGICAL WEALTH

Be-

cause ecological goods and services are oen common property resources, governments, NGOs, and the private sector must be creative in the design and deployment of rules, institutions, and incentives to protect and enhance ecological wealth. e Center is involved in the creation and analysis of novel approaches to natural resource management, including market- and incentive-based policies. CONTACT JAMES W. BOYD

Senior Fellow and Center Director

202.328.5013 · boyd@rff.org

RFF ONLINE

RFF.ORG: YOUR SOURCE FOR THE LATEST INFORMATION FROM RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

RFF’s website provides the latest RFF news, events, and publications as well as archived projects spanning a variety of topics related to energy, environmental, and natural resource issues. Here you will ﬁnd detailed, up-to-date biographies of researchers, video and audio from many of RFF’s public seminars and conferences, and a calendar of upcoming events. you can also subscribe to Resources, RFF’s free quarterly magazine; RFF Connection, our bimonthly newsletter; and RFF’s podcast. you can also sign up for one or all of the RFF RSS feeds. WEATHERVANE: A CLIMATE POLICY BLOG FROM RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE

Weathervane provides the latest news and insight on climate and energy policy. e site features daily updates on domestic and international climate debates, observations from our scholars on policy developments, discussions of the latest RFF research, and contributions from distinguished experts. Posts cover a broad range of climate and energy issues. From the global concerns of international negotiators to the crucial economic details of legislation and regulation, Weathervane aims to bring clarity and context to the challenges of designing and implementing climate policy.

PUBLICATIONS AT RFF

RFF produces an array of publications, including Discussion Papers, Reports, Issue Briefs, as well as our quarterly magazine Resources and a Weekly Policy Commentary series. Most documents are written or co-written by RFF researchers. RFF Discussion Papers reflect findings of work in progress and are written primarily for academic colleagues to share ideas, concepts, and theories. RFF Reports typically represent the culmination of research projects and address major public policy issues in a manner designed to enrich debate and meet the needs of decisionmakers for impartial, relevant information. e shorter Issue Briefs provide topical, accessible, and timely information to a broad, nontechnical audience. RFF also publishes transcripts of congressional testimony given by its scholars. Resources, RFF’s widely circulated magazine, provides interested readers with information and insight on the most current, policy-relevant work being undertaken at RFF. Recent issues have reported on engaging China on climate change, nanotechnology and risk, the need for accurate maps of global forests, natural gas in the context of energy markets and policy, and Americans and outdoor recreation resources. RFF Connection, a periodic electronic newsletter, alerts subscribers about forthcoming events, new research, and recent publications. e Weekly Policy Commentary series provides an easy way for students, academics, journalists, policymakers, and the general public to learn about economic and other aspects of important environmental, natural resource, energy, and urban issues. Each week, a leading expert provides a short, nontechnical assessment of a particular policy topic summarizing the current state of analysis or evidence on the issue, along with selected recommendations for further reading. All publications are available online at www.rff.org. to receive print copies of our publications, or to subscribe to Resources or RFF Connection, please contact Scott Hase at hase@rff.org.

RFF PRESS

RFF Press extends the impact of Resources for the Future by publishing books that advance the use of the social sciences in environmental decisionmaking. Since RFF’s founding in 1952, RFF Press has published nearly 500 books and has developed a reputation for the rigor, balance, accessibility, and policy relevance of its publications. In 2009, RFF Press became an imprint of Earthscan, the world’s leading publisher on climate change, sustainable development, and environmental technology, for academic, professional, and general readers. For a comprehensive list of RFF Press books, and for more information, visit www.rﬀpress.org. CONTACT DON REISMAN

Publisher

202.328.5064 · don.reisman@earthscanpublishing.com

OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS STAFF

PETER NELSON

FELICIA DAY

TIFFANY CLEMENTS

Director of Communications

Senior Editor

Web and Online Strategy

202.328.5191

202.328.5009

Manager

nelson@rff.org

day@rff.org

202.328.5186

STANLEY N. WELLBORN

ADRIENNE FOERSTER

Director of Public Affairs

Managing Editor

202.328.5026

202.328.5007

wellborn@rff.org

foerster@rff.org

SCOTT HASE

ELLEN A. WALTER

Manager of Institutional

Art Director

Outreach

202.328.5067

202.328.5006

walter@rff.org

hase@rff.org

clements@rff.org

NOTES 路 UPDATES

1616 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 202.328.5000 路 www.rff.org