BOOK OF COMPARISON PART2 by Reswara Herjuno

Judy Garland Gay Icon Judy Garland has long been considered one of the world's most recognised and celebrated gay icons, something that has been reaffirmed this year by Renee Zelwegger's critically acclaimed turn as Garland in Judy. Garland's association with the LGBTIQ+ community can be traced back to an article published in Time magazine in 1967; a review of Garland's performance at the Palace Theatre. In the review, the critic noted that a "disproportionate part of her nightly claque seems to be homosexual" - adding that "[t]he boys in the tight trousers" would "roll their eyes, tear at their hair and practically levitate from their seats" as Garland performed. This particular review was published at a time when the gay rights movement was reaching boiling point in the United States - only two years before Garland's death in 1969, which some fans believe triggered the Stonewall Riots (though others disagree with this assessment).But her throngs of gay fans in 1967 didn't come from nowhere. They were the so-called 'Friends of Dorothy (a code gay men sometimes used to identify each other when it was otherwise dangerous to do so); those who had found solace and recognition in Garland's portrayal of Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz. In a 2007 article, writer Steven Frank mused that Dorothy's journey from Kansas to Oz "mirrored many gay men's desires to escape the black-and-white limitations of small town life ... for big, colourful cities filled with quirky, genderbending characters who would welcome them."

1 9 4 0

"Like Judy Garland, gay men are brought up to be ordinary. One is not brought up gay – Richard Dyer

Frank boiled down Garland's status as a gay icon to "gay men’s willingness to embrace and find value in the kinds of movies and characters that the rest of the public viewed as outsiders or with disgust" - drawing a comparison to the queer community's celebration of Joan Crawford during her late career, when the general public's opinion of her was waning. As with Crawford, Garland continues to be revered in contemporary pop culture, with the name 'Judy' even becoming a term of endearment in queer communities (ie. "You're my best Judy"), as was depicted earlier this year on RuPaul's Drag Race. Her mannerisms and iconic performances also continue to be frequently referenced in shows like Will & Grace, which, in turn, has been credited with moving the pin forward on gay representation in the mainstream media since premiering in 1998. Over the years, emerging details of Garland's fraught personal life have only served to further cement her resonance for members of the LGBTIQ+ community.Garland's own father, Francis Avent Gumm, was gay. Garland's second husband, Vincente Minnelli, the father of Liza, was rumoured to be a closeted bisexual. Her fourth husband, Mark Herron, was gay, too. Then her daughter, Liza Minnelli, a gay icon in her own right, grew up to marry a gay man.

CHER WAS ONE OF THE FIRST FEMALE LGBT ICONS Known as the "Goddess of Pop," Cher is respected for her success on a male-dominated music scene and is also dubbed as a "gay icon." Her outfits were flamboyant yet elegant, as she wore different styles throughout her career. Initially, her appearance embodied the hippie spirit from the 1960s which was popular at the time. In her music video for "Gypsys, Tramps and Thieves," Cher wore a bold yellow outfit with large, flowery earrings. This also has a boho chic vibe - something we're seeing more at festivals such as Coachella. With people still rocking this look, this shows the legacy the artist has made in terms of fashion.

Cher also performed with two drag queens during her "Cher in Concert" Las Vegas residency in 1979, showing how she challenged social norms at a time where the LGBT community didn't have a voice. The singer tried her hand at acting in the 1983 film 'Silkwood,' where she played the role of a lesbian. This is another example of how Cher was supportive of diversity at a time when people in same-sex relationships struggled to be heard.One of Cher's most iconic songs was dance-pop hit "Believe," which she released in 1998. Many feel this secured her place as a pop culture icon as she was able to reinvent herself in a period where a younger pop scene had dominated the 90s.

Cher's oldest child Chastity came out as a lesbian in 1995, and the singer was supportive of this, setting a positive example for parents with gay children. In 1998, Cher received the GLAAD Vanguard Award as she "made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for lesbians and gay men". Chastity eventually came out as a transgender man in 2009, and underwent sex reassignment surgery. Again, Cher's support for her child sets an example for other parents in similar scenarios.With stunning outfits and the ability to reinvent herself almost every decade, Cher has been a strong force in the music and fashion industry. She has also encouraged others to express themselves and not worry about other's opinions, while showing support for the LGBT community. For Pride Month, weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll be bringing you a new article almost everyday touching on the individuals who have helped build the LGBT community. We'll take a look at their influence on the culture from a fashion perspective. For our last edition, we focused on David Bowie, who set the bar high for entertainers. Be sure to follow us on Instagram and check out the latest styles on our trending page. Cher is heralded as an icon by members of the LGBT community. Although she is heterosexual, her flamboyant outfits and support for LGBT rights have been welcomed by the movement.

SIMILARITY

They were both female they were both considere as a gay icon they were both support the gay rights

DIFFERENCES they are in a different era

1 9 4 0

Cadillac Car tailfin is a division of the American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM) that designs and builds luxury vehicles. Its major markets are the United States, Canada, and China. Cadillac models are distributed in 34 additional markets worldwide. Cadillac automobiles are at the top of the luxury field within the United States.In 2018, Cadillac sold 381,859 vehicles worldwide, a record for the brand.Cadillac is among the first automobile brands in the world, second in the United States only to fellow GM marque Buick. The firm was founded from the remnants of the Henry Ford Company in 1902. It was named after Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded Detroit, Michigan. The Cadillac crest is based on his coat of arms.By the time General Motors purchased the company in 1909, Cadillac had already established itself as one of America's premier luxury car makers. The complete interchangeability of its precision parts had allowed it to lay the foundation for the modern mass production of automobiles. It was at the forefront of technological advances, introducing full electrical systems, the clashless manual transmission and the steel roof. The brand developed three engines, with its V8 setting the standard for the American automotive industry.Cadillac had the first U.S. car to win the Royal Automobile Club of the United Kingdom's Dewar Trophy by successfully demonstrating the interchangeability of its component parts during a reliability test in 1908; this spawned the firm's slogan "Standard of the World". It won the trophy again in 1912 for incorporating electric starting and lighting in a production automobile.

Car tailfin

The tailfin era of automobile styling encompassed the 1950s and 1960s, peaking between 1955 and 1961. It was a style that spread worldwide, as car designers picked up styling trends from the US automobile industry, where it was regarded as the "golden age" of American auto designGeneral Motors design chief Harley Earl is often credited for the automobile tailfin, introducing small fins on the 1948 Cadillac, but according to many sources the actual inventor/designer of the tailfin for the 1948 Cadillac was Franklin Quick Hershey, who at the time the 1948 Cadillac was being designed was chief of the GM Special Car Design Studio. It was Hershey who after seeing an early production model of a P-38 at Selfridge air base thought the twin rudders of the airplane would make a sleek design addition to the rear of future modern automobiles. Tailfins took particular hold on the automotive buying public’s imagination as a result of Chrysler designer Virgil Exner’s Forward Look, which subsequently resulted in manufacturers scrambling to install larger and larger tailfins onto new models. As jet-powered aircraft, rockets, and space flight entered into public recognition, the automotive tailfin assemblies (including tail lights) were designed to resemble more and more the tailfin and engine sections of contemporary jet fighters and space rockets.

1 9 5 0

Vetements 'ReflectorHeel' boots SIMILARITY

They were both have revlective automotive looking they were both red

DIFFERENCES

have different uses have a different shape the lights that are used in the car for lighting while the ones on the shoes are for decoration only

1 9 5 0

Martin Luther King Jr.

artin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr., but later had his name changed to Martin. His grandfather began the family’s long tenure as pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; his father has served from then until the present, and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co-pastor. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receiving the degree in 1955. In Boston he met and married Coretta Scott, a young woman of uncommon intellectual and artistic attainments. Two sons and two daughters were born into the family.

In 1954, Martin Luther King became pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Always a strong worker for civil rights for members of his race, King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott described by Gunnar Jahn in his presentation speech in honor of the laureate. The boycott lasted 382 days. On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the United States had declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode the buses as equals. During these days of boycott, King was arrested, his home was bombed, he was subjected to personal abuse, but at the same time he emerged as a Negro leader of the first rank.In 1957 he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. The ideals for this organization he took from Christianity; its operational techniques from Gandhi. In the eleven-year period between 1957 and 1968, King traveled over six million miles and spoke over twenty-five hundred times, appearing wherever there was injustice, protest, and action; and meanwhile he wrote five books as well as numerous articles. In these years, he led a massive protest in Birmingham, Alabama, that caught the attention of the entire world, providing what he called a coalition of conscience. and inspiring his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”, a manifesto of the Negro revolution; he planned the drives in Alabama for the registration of Negroes as voters; he directed the peaceful march on Washington, D.C., of 250,000 people to whom he delivered his address, “l Have a Dream”, he conferred with President John F. Kennedy and campaigned for President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was arrested upwards of twenty times and assaulted at least four times; he was awarded five honorary degrees; was named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963; and became not only the symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure.

"True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice."

Barack Obama Barack Obama was the 44th president of the United States and the first African American commander-in-chief. He served two terms, in 2008 and 2012. The son of parents from Kenya and Kansas, Obama was born and raised in Hawaii. He graduated from Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was president of the Harvard Law Review. After serving on the Illinois State Senate, he was elected a U.S. senator representing Illinois in 2004. He and wife Michelle Obama have two daughters, Malia and Sasha.

SIMILARITY

they were both people of color they both fight for the rights of minorities they both are from usa

DIFFERENCES have a different career are in a different era

ZOOT LOOK FLOOR LENGTH CHAIN

1 9 5 0

With its super-sized shoulder pads, sprawling lapels and peg leg pants, the zoot suit grew out of the “drape” suits popular in Harlem dance halls in the mid-1930s. The flowing trousers were tapered at the ankles to prevent jitterbugging couples from getting tripped up while they twirled. By the ’40s, the suits were worn by minority men in working-class neighborhoods throughout the country. Though the zoot suit would be donned by the likes of Dizzy Gillespie and Louis Armstrong, it was “not a costume or uniform from the world of entertainment,” the Chicago big-band trumpeter and clothier Harold Fox once said. “It came right off the street and out of the ghetto.’’Fox was one among many, from Chicago to Harlem to Memphis, who took credit for inventing the zoot suit—the term came out of African-American slang —but it was actually unbranded and illicit: There was no one designer associated with the look, no department store where you could buy one. These were ad hoc outfits, regular suits bought two sizes too large and then creatively tailored to dandyish effect. To some men, the suit’s ostentatiousness was a way of refusing to be ignored. The garment had “profound political meaning,” wrote Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man. “For those without other forms of cultural capital,” says Peiss, “fashion can be a way of claiming space for yourself.” Wartime rations on fabric made wearing such oversized clothing an inherently disobedient act. Langston Hughes wrote in 1943 that for people with a history of cultural and economic poverty, “too much becomes JUST ENOUGH for them.” To underscore the style’s almost treasonous indulgence, press accounts exaggerated the price of zoot suits by upwards of 50 percent. But even the real cost of one was near-prohibitive for the young men who coveted them —Malcolm X, in his autobiography, recounts buying one on credit.Though policemen slashed some zoot suits to ruins, the more likely reason for their disappearance once the craze faded in the 1950s was less dramatic—most were simply refashioned into other garments. Original specimens are mythically hard to come by: It took curators from LACMA over a decade to find one, and when they did, in 2011, it cost them nearly $80,000, an auction record for an item of 20thcentury menswear.But the suit had a luxuriant afterlife, influencing styles from Canada and France to the Soviet Union and South Africa. It was the subject of the Who’s first single. In 1978, the actor and playwright Luis Valdez wrote Zoot Suit, the first Chicano play on Broadway. The outfit’s iconic shape was taken up in the ’80s by Japanese avant-garde designers, who sent models down the runway in tumescent suiting around the time that MC Hammer put on his drop-crotch pants—causing outrage in the form of widespread hand-wringing over the alleged immorality of sagging pants, a style that has never quite gone out of fashion. By the time a record called “Zoot Suit Riot,” by the swing-revival band the Cherry Poppin’ Daddies, became a hit in the late-’90s, the suit’s provenance had largely been forgotten. No longer was the zoot suit evocative of the expressive power of fashion for the disenfranchised so much as it was a historical oddity known by a charming name.

Louis Vuitton Men's Spring/Summer 2019 Virgil Abloh ANGELO BREWING

SIMILARITY

have a chain design as decoration only

DIFFERENCES

used in different places are in a different era use different materials

1 9 5 0

Lifestyle: The Golden Age Of Radio

The quarter century to about 1950 was also radio’s Golden Age in most industrial countries, where, despite wartime setbacks, radio flowered before the advent of television. Commercial broadcast programming from the United States influenced broadcasting around the world; some countries emulated it, and others abhorred it. In either case, most countries were slow to define their radio policy, and the pattern of industry development was initially not clear. Several European countries decided early on that radio’s educational and political potential required that it become a monopoly service provided by government, growing out of their experience with existing state telegraph and telephone services. Rather than entertainment, such public-service systems would focus on cultural broadcasts, education, public affairs, and the like. In such countries, government policy was often established before any stations were allowed on the air. This paternalistic approach—to program what audiences “needed” rather than what they might actually desire—strongly characterized radio in Europe (and later most of its colonies, even after they became independent) until late in the 20th century.Other countries decided to construct a hybrid radio service—one that would combine the best of government-supported public-service and commercial entertainment programming. While the government would license all stations, only some would be operated by the government, or by autonomous government-supported authorities, while others would be privately owned and advertiser-supported.As the world moved toward war in the 1930s, radio broadcasting became an element of national war efforts, used both for domestic morale building and especially for international propaganda. The Axis powers adopted radio first and applied it most effectively. Both the Axis and the Allied powers quickly developed effective monitoring points to listen to and transcribe enemy broadcasts as a means of gathering intelligence.

1 9 5 0

Podcast A podcast is an episodic series of spoken word digital audio files that a user can download to a personal device for easy listening. Streaming applications and podcasting services provide a convenient, integrated way to manage a personal consumption queue across many podcast sources and playback devices.A podcast series usually features one or more recurring hosts engaged in a discussion about a particular topic or current event. Discussion and content within a podcast can range from carefully scripted to totally improvised. Podcasts combine elaborate and artistic sound production with thematic concerns ranging from scientific research to slice-of-life journalism. Many podcast series provide an associated website with links and show notes, guest biographies, transcripts, additional resources, commentary, and even a community forum dedicated to discussing the show's content.The cost to the consumer is low. While many podcasts are free to download, others are underwritten by corporations or sponsored, with the inclusion of commercial advertisements. In other cases, a podcast could also be a business venture supported by some combination of a paid subscription model, advertising or product delivered after sale).People are motivated to create a podcast for a number of reasons. The podcast producer, who is often the podcast host as well, may wish to express a personal passion, increase professional visibility, enter into a social network of influencers or influential ideas, cultivate a community of like-minded viewership, or put forward pedagogical or ideological ideas (possibly under philanthropic support).Because podcast content is often free or, at the very least, affordable for the average podcast consumer, podcasting is often classified as a disruptive medium, which is adverse to the maintenance of traditional revenue models. Long-running podcasts with a substantial back catalogue are amenable to binge consumption.

SIMILARITY

a source of entrernaiment information media

DIFFERENCES

they are in a different era use a different technology radio is Live podcast is Pre-Recorded radio is Schedule ,podcast is On-Demand

1 9 5 0

Lifestyle: The Golden Age Of Flying The 1950 and 1960s have become known as the "Golden Age" of flying. It was a time of glamorous air hostesses and gourmet meals, and of great leg room for all. While it might have become known as the Golden Age of flying, taking to the air in the 1950s and 1960s had its downsides. For a start it was much more dangerous, and far more expensive. Then there was the smoke from all those cigars, cigarettes and pipes. And, once you’d looked out of the window there was not a lot to do but twiddle your thumbs. But there were upsides to flying back then too – like ever-flowing drinks and a party atmosphere

The 1950s and 1960s were considered the golden age of commercial flying. Though planes had been around for a considerable length of time – commercial flying for pleasure was still in its relative infancy. It was the domain of wealthy celebrities, politicians, and businessmen; ordinary citizens did not begin to view flying as a practical or realistic mode of transportation until the 1950s.So airlines needed enticements for a skeptical public, and they came up with an array of them to convince ordinary people that flying was a safe, fast, and viable alternative to trains, automobiles, or buses.

The inside of airplanes of yesteryear looked nothing like the cramped, overcrowded jets of today. There was room to stretch one’s legs, free drinks, and stewardesses (as they were known back then) who brought meals and replenished alcoholic beverages at an alarming rate, at least by today’s standards. Airlines had to offer these lures in order to convince folks that flying was worth the exorbitant price of a ticket. Bargain fares and last minute deals were still a long way off. Only the wealthy could easily absorb what airlines were asking for even a short flight. One TWA ad from 1955 offered a ticket from Chicago to Phoenix for $138. Sounds reasonable, right? Not once it’s converted to today’s dollars – it jumps to around $1,200. No wonder flying was such an exclusive club back then.Since flying was considered an “event” in those days, people dressed for it. No sweat pants, hoodies, or sneakers were anywhere to be seen; men wore suits, and women dressed in their “Sunday best” and often donned hats and fine jewelry.

SIMILARITY

they were both airplanes

DIFFERENCES different planes the only aircraft is commercial peswak while the other is private

private jet Business Aviation can create time and cut costs. European companies have declared that they can save up to €15 millions in avoided overnight hotel stays per year (EBAA) by choosing to charter a private jet for their employees’ business trips when these involve more than one stop, and yet people associate private jets with luxury only. The truth is that the real luxury when you fly private is the ability to reschedule your flight according to your needs and, let’s say, be at home just in time for Christmas. It’s a fact, chartering a private jet lets you have more time at your disposal regardless of the scope of your journey. Not only does flying private make business sense, but it can make you healthier as well. Air travelling can be daunting with many suffering from the so-called “airport stress”, which is caused by long queues, the uncertainty of procedures and crowds. Private jet companies work against “airport stress”, enhancing privacy and making airport procedures fast and hassle-free. When you are allowed to board away from the crowds, bring your liquids on board and travel with your cat or dog in the cabin, your “airport stress” will drop significantly giving you a chance to actually enjoy travelling.

Marsha P Johnson Marsha P. Johnson was an African American transgender woman and revolutionary LGBTQ rights activist. She is credited for being an instigator in the Stonewall riots.

Marsha P. Johnson was an African American transgender women who was an LGBTQ rights activist and an outspoken advocate for trans people of color. Johnson spearheaded the Stonewall uprising in 1969 and along with Sylvia Rivera, she later established the Street Transvestite (now Transgender) Action Revolutionaries (STAR), a group committed to helping homeless transgender youth in New York City. She was tragically murdered on July 6, 1992 at the age of 46. Her life has been celebrated in numerous books, documentaries, and films.

1 9 6 0

Early Life and Drag Queen Stardom

Born Malcolm Michaels, Jr. on August 24, 1945 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Marsha experienced a difficult childhood due to her Christian upbringing. She engaged in cross-dressing behavior at an early age but was quickly reprimanded. Marsha moved to Greenwich Village in New York City after graduating from high school. In New York, Marsha struggled to make ends meet. She was homeless and prostituted herself to make ends meet. However, she found joy as a drag queen amidst the nightlife of Christopher Street. Marsha designed all of her own costumes (mostly from thrift shops). She quickly became a prominent fixture in the LGBTQ community serving as a “drag mother” by helping homeless and struggling LGBTQ youth and touring the world as a successful drag queen with the Hot Peaches.

Stonewall Uprising

On June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn on Christopher Street (the hub of the NYC Gay Community in the 1960s), things turned violent after a few LGBTQ people were arrested on questionable charges, handcuffed, and very publicly forced into police cars on the streets of NYC. The LGBTQ community was fed up with being targeted by the police and seeing these public arrests incited rioting that spilled over into the neighboring streets and lasted several days. These events have been collectively described as a “riot,” a “rebellion,” a “protest,” and an “uprising.” Whatever the label, this was certainly a watershed moment in LGBT history. Many eyewitnesses have identified Marsha as one of the main instigators of the uprising and thus, some have recognized her as the vanguard of the gay liberation movement in the United States.

Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR)

Death and Tributes Sadly, at the age of 46, on July 6, 1992, Marsha’s body was found in the Hudson River off the West Village Piers. The police ruled she had committed suicide despite claims from her friends and other members of the local community that she was not suicidal. Twenty-five years later, Victoria Cruz, a crime victim advocate of the New York City Anti-Violence Project (AVP) re-opened the case. Johnson’s story is featured in Pay It No Mind: Marsha P. Johnson (2012) and The Death and Life of Marsha P. Johnson (2017) and Happy Birthday, Marsha! (2017). In 2015, The Marsha P. Johnson Institute was established. Its mission is to defend and protect the human rights of transgender and gender nonconforming communities. Marsha is honored as a Stonewall instigator, a drag queen, an Andy Warhol model, an actress and a revolutionary trans activist.

1 9 6 0

Rupaul RuPaul, in full RuPaul Andre Charles, (born November 17, 1960, San Diego, California, U.S.), American entertainer who carved out an idiosyncratic place in popular culture as perhaps the most famous drag queen in the United States in the 1990s and early 21st century.RuPaul was born in California to parents who divorced by the time he was seven. At age 15 he moved in with one of his elder sisters in Atlanta, Georgia, and attended a performing arts high school. Always having a flair for dress-up, he began performing in drag while on the underground movie and nightclub circuit in Atlanta. In 1987 he moved to New York City and began his career in go-go bars and on television on The Gong Show and MTV.

"If you can't love yourself how the hell you gonna love somebody else"

RuPaul is considered to be the most commercially successful drag queen in the United States.He has been credited with creating wider exposure for drag queens from LGBT culture in to mainstream society, thanks to his early-career chart success, and later, the successive climb in viewership of RuPaul's Drag Race.His talk show The RuPaul Show was the first ever national talk show to have a drag queen as a host. Along with his partner Michelle Visage, he welcomed an array of high-profile guests such as Cher, Lil Kim, and Diana Ross over the show's 100-episode span. As well as having a variety of comedy skits, the show was noted for discussing topics such as black empowerment, female empowerment, misogyny, and liberal politics which were otherwise unheard of in 1990s television at the time.In 1999, RuPaul was awarded the Vito Russo Award at the GLAAD Media Awards for work in promoting equality in the LGBT community.RuPaul has also been noted as having a large part in RuPaul's Drag Race's continuous television success. By pioneering queer representation on television, many believe RuPaul to have essentially revolutionised the portrayal of the LGBTQ+ community on screen. He first won an Emmy for his work on the show in 2016, and one year later the show garnered eight nominations, including Outstanding Reality-Competition Program for the first time in its 11-season run, and a second consecutive win for RuPaul in the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program.In 2017, he was included in the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the worldIn 2019 Fortune noted RuPaul as “easily the world's most famous” drag queen.

1 9 6 0

SIMILARITY

they suppress gender equality they were both drag queens they were an icon/hero in the lgbtq comunity

DIFFERENCES

they are in a different era rupaulÂ was just continuing the struggle that had been carried out by Marsha P Jhonson

1 9 6 0

Icon: The Beatles The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With a line-up comprising John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they are regarded as the most influential band of all time. The group were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form.Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band later explored music styles ranging from ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the group revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.Led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over three years from 1960, initially with Stuart Sutcliffe playing bass. The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, together since 1958, went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962. Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding their domestic success after their first hit, "Love Me Do", in late 1962. As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy dubbed "Beatlemania", the band acquired the nickname "the Fab Four", with Epstein, Martin and other members of the band's entourage sometimes given the informal title of "fifth Beatle".

1 9 6 0

John Lennon – vocals, rhythm and lead guitar, keyboards, harmonica, bass guitar Paul McCartney – vocals, bass guitar, rhythm and lead guitar, keyboards, drums George Harrison – lead and rhythm guitar, vocals, sitar, keyboards, bass guitar Ringo Starr – drums, percussion, vocals

Cigarette after sex' The band's debut extended play (EP), I., was released in 2012, with the song "Nothing's Gonna Hurt You Baby" eventually becoming a sleeper hit through commercial licensing. After the release of the standalone single "Affection" in 2015, the band released their self-titled debut studio album in June 2017 to positive reviews.In August 2019, the band announced their second studio album, titled Cry, along with the single "Heavenly". The album was released on October 25, 2019. [6]

Cigarettes After Sex is an American ambient pop band formed in El Paso, Texas, in 2008, founded by Greg Gonzalez. The band is known for their ethereal, limerent and often dreamlike musical style, lyrics often based on the themes of romance and love, as well as Gonzalez's voice, described as "androgynous".While marketed as an ambient pop band, Cigarettes After Sex are also considered to be shoegaze, dream pop and slowcore.

1 9 6 0

Retrofuturism Retrofuturism (adjective retrofuturistic or retrofuture) is a movement in the creative arts showing the influence of depictions of the future produced in an earlier era. If futurism is sometimes called a "science" bent on anticipating what will come, retrofuturism is the remembering of that anticipation.Characterized by a blend of old-fashioned "retro styles" with futuristic technology, retrofuturism explores the themes of tension between past and future, and between the alienating and empowering effects of technology. Primarily reflected in artistic creations and modified technologies that realize the imagined artifacts of its parallel reality, retrofuturism can be seen as "an animating perspective on the world".However, it has also manifested in the worlds of fashion, architecture, design, music, literature, film, and video games.

1 9 6 0

Historiography

Retrofuturism builds on ideas of futurism, but the latter term functions differently in several different contexts. In avant-garde artistic, literary and design circles, futurism is a long-standing and well established term.[citation needed] But in its more popular form, futurism (sometimes referred to as futurology) is "an early optimism that focused on the past and was rooted in the nineteenth century, an early-twentieth-century 'golden age' that continued long into the 1960s' Space Age". Retrofuturism is first and foremost based on modern but changing notions of "the future". As Guffey notes, retrofuturism is "a recent neologism", but it "builds on futurists' fevered visions of space colonies with flying cars, robotic servants, and interstellar travel on display there; where futurists took their promise for granted, retro-futurism emerged as a more skeptical reaction to these dreams". It took its current shape in the 1970s, a time when technology was rapidly changing. From the advent of the personal computer to the birth of the first test tube baby, this period was characterized by intense and rapid technological change. But many in the general public began to question whether applied science would achieve its earlier promise—that life would inevitably improve through technological progress. In the wake of the Vietnam War, environmental depredations, and the energy crisis, many commentators began to question the benefits of applied science. But they also wondered, sometimes in awe, sometimes in confusion, at the scientific positivism evinced by earlier generations. Retrofuturism "seeped into academic and popular culture in the 1960s and 1970s", inflecting George Lucas's Star Wars and the paintings of pop artist Kenny Scharf alike". Surveying the optimistic futurism of the early twentieth century, the historians Joe Corn and Brian Horrigan remind us that retrofuturism is "a history of an idea, or a system of ideas—an ideology. The future, or course, does not exist except as an act of belief or imagination."

SIMILARITY

the campaign were inspired by futurism have futuristic design even the clothing is have a futuristic twist on it

DIFFERENCES

they were on a different era

1 9 6 0

Gucci 60s Sci-Fi Editorial 2017

1 9 6 0

GAY RIGHTS

Stonewall Riots spirit of ‘60s rebellion

On a hot summer night in 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, a bar located in New York City’s Greenwich Village that served as a haven for the city’s gay, lesbian and transgender community.At the time, homosexual acts remained illegal in every state except Illinois, and bars and restaurants could get shut down for having gay employees or serving gay patrons. Most gay bars and clubs in New York at the time (including the Stonewall) were operated by the Mafia, who paid corruptible police officers to look the other way and blackmailed wealthy gay patrons by threatening to “out” them.Police raids on gay bars were common, but on that particular night, members of the city’s LGBT community decided to fight back—sparking an uprising that would launch a new era of resistance and revolution.

June 28, 1970: First Gay Pride parade sets off from Stonewall.On the first anniversary of the police raid on the Stonewall Inn, gay activists in New York organized the Christopher Street Liberation March to cap off the city’s first Gay Pride Week. As several hundred people began marching up 6th Avenue toward Central Park, supporters from the crowd joined them. The procession eventually stretched some 15 city blocks, encompassing thousands of people.Inspired by New York’s example, activists in other cities, including Los Angeles, San Francisco, Boston and Chicago, organized gay pride celebrations that same year. The frenzy of activism born on that first night at Stonewall would eventually fuel gay rights movements in Canada, Britain, France, Germany, Australia and New Zealand, among other countries, becoming a lasting force that would carry on for the next half-century—and beyond.

I DO NOT BELIEVE IN A REVOLUTION. I BELIEVE IN THE "GAY POWER" sylvia

rivera

The lasting impact of the Stonewall Riots.With Stonewall, the spirit of ‘60s rebellion spread to LGBT people in New York and beyond, who for the first time found themselves part of a community. Though the gay rights movement didn’t begin at Stonewall, the uprising did mark a turning point, as earlier “homophile” organizations like the Mattachine Society gave way to more radical groups like the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA).

SIMILARITY

they were both fighting fore their rights they were have one mission and vision demand one thing

DIFFERENCES

they were on a different era their rights are slowly won

LOVE WINS Same-sex marriage in the United States expanded from one state in 2004 to all fifty states in 2015 through various state court rulings, state legislation, direct popular votes, and federal court rulings. Same-sex marriage is also referred to as gay marriage, while the political status in which the marriages of same-sex couples and the marriages of opposite-sex couples are recognized as equal by the law is referred to as marriage equality. The fifty states each have separate marriage laws, which must adhere to rulings by the Supreme Court of the United States that recognize marriage as a fundamental right that is guaranteed by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as first established in the 1967 landmark civil rights case of Loving v. Virginia.Civil rights campaigning in support of marriage without distinction as to sex or sexual orientation began in the 1970s.In 1972, the now overturned Baker v. Nelson saw the Supreme Court of the United States decline to become involved The issue became prominent from around 1993 , when the Supreme Court of Hawaii ruled in Baehr v. Lewin that it was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Hawaii for the state to abridge marriage on the basis of sex. That ruling led to federal and state actions to explicitly abridge marriage on the basis of sex in order to prevent the marriages of same-sex couples from being recognized by law, the most prominent of which was the 1996 federal DOMA. In 2003, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health that it was unconstitutional under the Constitution of Massachusetts for the state to abridge marriage on the basis of sex. From 2004 through to 2015, as the tide of public opinion continued to move towards support of same-sex marriage, various state court rulings, state legislation, direct popular votes (referendums and initiatives), and federal court rulings established same-sex marriage in thirty-six of the fifty states.

The first two decades of the 21st century saw same-sex marriage receive support from prominent figures in the civil rights movement, including Coretta Scott King, John Lewis, Julian Bond, and Mildred Loving.In May 2011, national public support for same-sex marriage rose above 50% for the first time. In May 2012, the NAACP, the leading African-American civil rights organization, declared its support for same-sex marriage and stated that it is a civil right. In June 2013, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down DOMA for violating the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in the landmark civil rights case of United States v. Windsor, leading to federal recognition of same-sex marriage, with federal benefits for married couples connected to either the state of residence or the state in which the marriage was solemnized. In May 2015, national public support for same-sex marriage rose to 60% for the first timeIn June 2015, the Supreme Court ruled in the landmark civil rights case of Obergefell v. Hodges that the fundamental right of same-sex couples to marry on the same terms and conditions as opposite-sex couples, with all the accompanying rights and responsibilities, is guaranteed by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.The most prominent supporters of same-sex marriage are human rights and civil rights organizations as well as the medical and scientific communities, while the most prominent opponents are religious groups. The ruling of the Supreme Court in Obergefell occurred following decades of consistently rising national public support for same-sex marriage in the United States, with support continuing to rise thereafter.A study of nationwide data from January 1999 to December 2015 revealed that the establishment of same-sex marriage is associated with a significant reduction in the rate of attempted suicide among children, with the effect being concentrated among children of a minority sexual orientation, resulting in approximately 134,000 fewer children attempting suicide each year in the United States. The United States is the most populous country in the world to have established same-sex marriage

OP-ART Op Art can be defined as a type of abstract orÂ concrete artÂ consisting of nonrepresentational geometric shapes which create various types of optical illusion. For instance, when viewed, Op Art pictures may cause the eye to detect a sense of movement (eg. swelling, warping, flashing, vibration) on the surface of the painting. And the patterns, shapes and colours used in these pictures are typically selected for their illusional qualities, rather than for their substantive or emotional content. In addition, Op artists use both positive and negative spaces to create the desired illusions

1 9 7 0

SIMILARITY

the campaign were inspired by OPART have OPART design even the clothing is have a OPART twist on it have colorfull design

DIFFERENCES

in a different form of art now is a fashion piece that are inspired from OPART

MENâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S FALL-WINTER 2019 CAMPAIGN: ANOTHER ANGLE

1 9 7 0

Andy Warhol’s Shadows (1978–79) ANGELO BREWING

Andy Warhol’s Shadows A single painting in multiple parts, Shadows is one of Warhol’s most abstract works, yet one that cohesively synthesizes key elements of his practice, including film, painting, photography, and screenprinting.

1 9 7 0

CALVIN KLEIN 205W39NYC Andy Warhol print denim jacket Andy Warhol has occupied the creative mind of Raf Simons ever since he arrived at Calvin Klein in late 2016 with the mandate to restore relevancy to the the oncegreat American powerhouse

SIMILARITY

the jacket is inspired by shadow by andy warhol have painting on the design have the same color as the paiting

DIFFERENCES

in a different form of art now is a fashion piece that are inspired from Andy Warhol haveÂ their own twist on the design

1 9 7 0

HIPPIE “Herb is the healing of a nation, alcohol is the destruction."

The hippie subculture began its development as a youth movement in the United States during the early 1960s and then developed around the world.Its origins may be traced to European social movements in the 19th and early 20th century such as Bohemians, and the influence of Eastern religion and spirituality. From around 1967, its fundamental ethos — including harmony with nature, communal living, artistic experimentation particularly in music, and the widespread use of recreational drugs — spread around the world during the counterculture of the 1960s, which has become closely associated with the subculture.

The hippie movement has found historical precedents as far back as the Mazdakist movement in Persia, whose leader the Persian reformer Mazdak, advocated communal living, the sharing of resources, vegetarianism, and free love.A 1967 article in Time Magazine asserted that the hippie movement has a historical precedent in the counterculture of the Ancient Greeks, espoused by philosophers like Diogenes of Sinope and the Cynics.The article also claimed that the hippies were influenced by the ideals of Jesus Christ, Hillel the Elder, Buddha, St. Francis of Assisi, Henry David Thoreau, Gandhi, and others.Somehave pointed to the short-lived Merrymount colony in 1625 (allegorically portrayed by Nathaniel Hawthorne in "The Maypole of Merry Mount)" as the first hippie experience on the American continent.

1 9 7 0

Anti-war protests Although there were many diverse groups and elements protesting the US military involvement in Vietnam as it began to escalate, many of the protesters, rightly or wrongly, came to be associated with aspects of the "hippie" movement in the popular view. A number of them had been highly active in the Civil Rights Movement in the first half of the 1960s, traveling across the country to take part in sit-ins and marches against segregation in the South. The first draft card burnings took place May 12, 1964, in New York City. Others followed, including more draft-card burnings in May 1965 at the University of California, Berkeley (which had already seen a precedent to the subsequent social turmoil, in form of the Free Speech Movement), and a coffin was marched to the Berkeley draft board. As similar protests continued through the summer, President Lyndon Johnson responded by signing a new law on August 31, 1965, penalizing the burning of draft cards with up to 5 years in prison and a $1,000 fine, although such burnings went on regardless. In later years, the Viet Cong flag of the "enemy" was even adopted as a symbol by more radical anti-war protesters. However, the core "hippie" philosophy remained staunchly aloof to politics, and politicians, throughout this time.

SIMILARITY

the campaign were inspired by HIPPIE have HIPPIE flower design and hippie stereotype outfit even the clothing is have a HIPPIE twist on it

DIFFERENCES

they were on a different era its just a campaign

1 9 7 0

HAJIME SORAYAMA Hajime Sorayama is a Japanese illustrator, his creations are known for erotic portrayals of feminized, biomechanoid robots, as well as his design art pieces for the original Sony AIBO robotic ‘pet’. Sorayama’s designs are a blend of fine art, illustration, and industrial design, developing his unique style of ‘superrealism’.

SIMILARITY

the bag is inspired by hajime sorayama have a silver metalic color have futurictic design have the same color as the paiting

DIFFERENCES

in a different form of art now is a fashion piece that are inspired from hajime sorayama now the bag made out of hard metal

1 9 8 0

DIOR HAJIME SORAYAMA

1 9 7 0

The explosion of activewear over the past ten years has dominated the retail market, with just about every brand jumping on the athleisure band wagon. And whether you’re living for Lululemon or can’t get enough of your Nikes, the evolution of how these brands came to be is pretty interesting. Fabric, design and technology have certainly come a long way since the good old days so we took a walk back in fitness fashion time to see just how far we’ve come.

Step fitness classes were huge in the 90’s and Denise Austin dominated the scene with her athome workouts (on VCR of course). Brightly coloured and loudly patterned lycra was still having its moment, often teamed with chunky white Reeboks.

SIMILARITY

inspired by activewear inspired by socks mimic the comfort of socks have the same materials

DIFFERENCES

different in how to use now more for fashion than a sportswear

ACTIVEWEAR 1 9 9 0

BALENCIAGA'S Speed sneakers

1 9 9 0

Lifestyle: The Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival

The festival's origins trace back to a 1993 concert that Pearl Jam performed at the Empire Polo Club while boycotting venues controlled by Ticketmaster. The show validated the site's viability for hosting large events, leading to the inaugural Coachella Festival being held over the course of two days in October 1999, three months after Woodstock '99. After no event was held in 2000, Coachella returned on an annual basis beginning in April 2001 as a single-day event. In 2002, the festival reverted to a two-day format. Coachella was expanded to a third day in 2007 and eventually a second weekend in 2012; it is now held on consecutive three-day weekends in April, with the same lineup each weekend. Organizers began permitting spectators to camp on the grounds in 2003, one of several expansions and additions in the festival's history.

s an annual music and arts festival held at the Empire Polo Club in Indio, California, in the Coachella Valley in the Colorado Desert. It was co-founded by Paul Tollett and Rick Van Santen in 1999, and is organized by Goldenvoice, a subsidiary of AEG Presents. The event features musical artists from many genres of music, including rock, pop, indie, hip hop and electronic dance music, as well as art installations and sculptures. Across the grounds, several stages continuously host live music.

. We The Fest is an annual summer festival of music, arts, fashion and food taking place in Indonesia's capital of Jakarta. Since its inaugural edition in 2014, the festival has seen incredible performances from globally-known acts of different genres including The Kooks, Dua Lipa, James Bay, SZA, Miguel, Ellie Goulding, Big Sean, The 1975, G-Eazy, Mark Ronson, Phoenix, Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, CL, The Temper Trap, Purity Ring, Flight Facilities, Jessie Ware and many more. Indonesia's most exciting musical acts have also performed at the festival including Potret, NAIF, Scaller, Barasuara, Sheila on 7, Raisa, The Trees and the Wild, Ramengvrl, Elephant Kind, and Stars & Rabbit amongst many.In 2019, the sixth edition of We The Fest took place on the grounds of JiExpo Kemayoran at the heart of Jakarta, and was a wonderful home to over 60,000 punters from over 30 countries. Described as "a classy festival" by Vice for its friendly vibe and how slickly it has been organized, the festival is a pioneer of its kind in the Southeast Asian festival scene with elements such as arts, fashion and food presented through various whimsical activations and zones festival-goers can experience and explore.

WE THE FEST

We The Fest is an annual summer festival of music, arts, fashion and food in Jakarta, Indonesia. The first edition was held on August 24, 2014, and it has since been held at Parkir Timur Senayan. In 2017, the event was moved to Jakarta International Expo Kemayoran. The event features many genres of music, including pop, rock, indie, hip hop and electronic dance music. It is promoted by Ismaya Live

SIMILARITY

they were both a concert"festival" a gathering place for many people where to watch a band or enjoying a music

DIFFERENCES

coachella is in the US wethefest is in indonesia

2000s

Yayoi Kusama Yayoi Kusama, (born March 22, 1929, Matsumoto, Japan), Japanese artist who was a self-described “obsessional artist,” known for her extensive use of polka dots and for her infinity installations. She employed painting, scu lpture, performance art, and installations in a variety of styles, including Pop art and Minimalism.

LOUIS VUITTON x Yayoi Kusamai

SIMILARITY

the collection is inspired by yayoi kusamal have painting on the design have the same color as the paiting have polkadots all over mimicking the paintings

DIFFERENCES

in a different form of art now is a fashion piece that are inspired from yayoi kusama haveÂ their own twist on the design

The Little Louis

Louis Vuitton Malletier, commonly referred to as Louis Vuitton or shortened to LV, is a French fashion house and luxury retail company founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton. The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses and books. Louis Vuitton is one of the world's leading international fashion houses; it sells its products through standalone boutiques, lease departments in highend department stores, and through the e-commerce section of its website. For six consecutive years (2006–2012), Louis Vuitton was named the world's most valuable luxury brand. Its 2012 valuation was US$25.9 billion. The 2013 valuation of the brand was US$28.4 billion with revenue of US$9.4 billion. The company operates in 50 countries with more than 460 stores worldwide.

SIMILARITY

they were both Louis Vuitton have the monogram on the design a fashion piece

DIFFERENCES now is a jacket uses by men

louis vuitton IT Bag 2000s

SUMMARY Fashion history is the history of people. People have loved clothing fashion for thousands of years. From the early days of Egypt to the day clothes have become the expression of who we are. Throughout history, drawings, documents and other archaeological finds have also revealed fashion worn by people in various ancient civilizations.The Greeks were wearing clothes in different styles from their eastern neighbors. Both women and men were usually wearing thick woolen long dresses. The ancient Egyptians were typically dressed in light cotton clothing; Women were wearing long, readymade clothes. With the Romans becoming dominant over time, the Romans began to be known as the most important example of style and fashion at the same time. With the beginning of migration to Europe towards the north, the styles changed. Women used more material to keep them warm and men used armor or plain clothes. Since there was no way or material to produce new clothes for those who migrated to America, clothes were ordered and sent to the ocean by ships; Men were wearing suits with leggings, and women were always wearing long clothes and wearing hats at their heads. Forms continued to transfer from voluminous dresses into soft, frequent, high-waisted dresses. Godey's Lady's Book was the most fashionable voice of the 1800's. In the following period they praised French fashion and became very popular in the United States. After 1700 stylists returned to the more voluminous skirt. The synthetic paints allowed the clothes to be painted in various colors. This opened the door to new, brighter styles. Up to this point, all the clothes were made specially, but Abba Gould Woolson started to create ready-to-wear fashion, where the clothes would be produced in bulk and sold to the masses.

At the beginning of the century, women's skirts became thinner and shorter. Men's trousers slowly went from knee to ankle length. Between World Wars, women's fashion often turned into shorter skirts just below the knee. In men, Levi's jeans have become increasingly popular. The sixties and seventies are great transitional periods in fashion. Women wearing trousers has seen more and more accepted. The clothes became shorter and looser. 80's brought great fashion trends and different hairstyles for both men and women.As time went by from the twentieth century to the twenty-first, fashion continued to change every year, and today still changing.

T H E

E N D

https://vintagedancer.com/ https://allthatsinteresting.com/stonewall-riots https://www.history.com/news/stonewall-riots-timeline https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion http://pintrest http://facebook http://instagram http://fashionhistory http://google http://hostorychannel http://fashionnews http://vogue http://elle/jwsugquyxdhxx2 https://www.cacafashioncom/design/DAD4TOkUEZs/Namu58I7CVzc8vW6qkz7Vg/edit https://www.mariagoia.com/design/DAD4TOkUEZs/Namu58jbhfuywgyuf8vW6qkz7Vg/edit https://vintagedancer.com/https://allthatsinteresting.com/stonewallriotshttps://www.history.com/news/stonewall-riotstimelinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashionhttp://pintrest https://vintagedancer.com/https://allthatsinteresting.com/stonewallriotshttps://www.history.com/news/stonewall-riotstimelinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashionhttp://pintresthttps://vintagedancer.com/https://allthatsinterest ing.com/stonewall-riotshttps://www.history.com/news/stonewall-riotstimelinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashionhttp://pintrest https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States http;//BBCNEWS http://netgeohistory http//discoveryfashion http://louisvitton http://gucci

FASHION SOCIETY

BOOK OF COMPARISON GUIDED AND LECTURE BY SIR ICHWAN THOHA

i realise the power of art that does not hang on the walls of galleries

this book was created and compiled by

RESWARA HERJUNO RASENDRIYA