2019 March

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contents eDITORIAL Pastor Dr. John K. Mathew

ADDICTION AND ITS TYPES Vivyn Mathew

ADDICT - WAYS TO IDENTIFY ONE Dr. Saji Kumar K. P.

Counseling for Addicts Dr. Samson Gandhi

drug abuse among children and youth

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Impact of Addiction on Family

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CounseLing Corner

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Pastor Emmanuel p.g.

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Dr. James George Venmoney

Allan Varghese

Vol. 12 Issue No. 3 March 2019

A magazine that will enrich and renew your spiritual life and give Christian perspective on current events. e-mail : revivemegod@gmail.com igotoibc@gmail.com visit us : www.revivemegod.org CHAIRMAN PASTOR Dr. T. VALSON ABRAHAM MEMBERS BRO. JACOB THOMAS BRO. SUNNY KODUMTHARA EDITOR PASTOR DR. JOHN K. MATHEW ADMINISTRATIVE EDITOR PASTOR SAJU JOSEPH

QUIZ

ASSOCIATE EDITOR MRS. STARLA LUKOSE MANAGER PASTOR T. J. ABRAHAM CONTRIBUTING WRITERS JUNE THOMAS ANN ABRAHAM PUBLISHER & PRINTER Lt. Col. V. I. LUKE (Retd.)

HEBRON, KUMBANAD, PATHANAMTHITTA, KERALA for K. E. Abraham Foundation PRINTED AT VIANI PRINTINGS, LISSIE JN., ERNAKULAM, KERALA PLACE OF PUBLICATION KUMBANAD, PATHANAMTHITTA, KERALA - 689 547 DESIGN Beam Design S2dio Ph: 93870 73135 beamfine@gmail.com

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The views and ideas expressed in each article are those of the writer. - Editor

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Letters

Walk in the light Dear Editor, I thank God for 'The Just One Minute' by Rev. Dr. Valson Abraham. It presents a good perspective on how a Christian should walk in the light. Once Christ comes into our lives, our eyes will open up to things we never saw before, and which others, who do not have the Light fail to see. We will more readily speak the truth. We will more readily see the true mind and character of God and desire that above all else. We will more readily live a life of fruitfulness, joy and peace. This does not mean we will attain sinless perfection in this earthly life, but we will have greater ability to understand ourselves and our world from God’s perspective. We will put less trust in human wisdom and more in God’s. We will better understand that human wisdom will always disappoint us in some way because human understanding always falls short of God’s perfect Light!

Mathew Thomas, Mumbai

Light of the world

Dear revive, All the articles on LIGHT in January issue of revive were a real blessing.

The Editorial spoke very clearly the difference between the light and the

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night. Rev. Dr. John K. Mathew rightly says that the world in which we live loves night rather than light. He also quotes the Scripture which says, "This is the verdict, that the light has come into the world, and men loved darkness more than light because their deeds were evil. For everyone who does evil hates the light and does not come to the light, lest his deeds should be exposed" Our Lord Jesus Christ said, "I am the light of the world. Whoever follows Me shall not walk in the darkness, but shall have the light of life'. It is so amazing that He couples our names with His own that He says, “You are the light of the world". Of course, it is true that there is a vast difference between His light and ours. Our Lord is Light in Himself! So, please remember we are not self-shining! Apart from Christ, we cannot shine. We are supposed to reflect Christ's light through our lives.

It is my prayer that all the readers of this article be the reflectors of the Light of Jesus Christ.

Reji Mathew, Kuwait

Imagery of Light Dear Editor, Light is a very good imagery used in the Bible to explain holiness and other moral attributes of God. Rev Philip P. Sam presents well the meaning of the imagery of the light in the Bible.

The physical light that God created represents the nature and the goodness of God in the Bible. We see from the overall usage of the word in the Bible, that the word “light” almost always signified “goodness, righteousness” and ultimately the “divine life” whereas darkness represented what is evil and unrighteousness. The Biblical writers used the imagery of light to display the goodness of God and the character of life that God intends for each of us. This symbolic aspect of light as a metaphor for God’s goodness is reflected through both the Old and New Testaments.

Christians must be good carriers of this light of God. May God help all the readers of revive to live as the light.

Mathew George, Atlanta

The Indwelling Light Dear Editor, To be the light of this world is nothing but to live a holy life reflecting Christ in our lives with the power of the Holy Spirit. This point is well explained by Rev. K. A. John in his article. Jesus also calls Himself "the light of the world." John calls Him "the life that is the light of men," "the light that shines in the darkness". The light in us is His light, the indwelling Christ, the Holy Spirit within us. The apostle Paul speaks of "the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ". We have that light shining through our lives if our actions reflect the nature of Christ - His love, compassion, and forgiveness. His light shines through our attitudes, words, and deeds. In the Sermon on the Mount also Jesus tells his disciples that the good works in their life must shine among the gentiles so that they may glorify God the Father. Let us pray to the Lord that God may help us to have the Light indwell in our hearts.

Joby Mathew, Bangalore

The Guiding Light Dear Editor, The recent revive issue is rich with great articles that teach and are reflective.

The article by Rev. Kris Jackson is so very simple and easy to comprehend.

He explains that the light is a light of connection, inspection, direction and perfection - an impressive explanation on the perfect character of the Light. The writer says that there is no impairment or frustration in Light. Jesus saw all men clearly, and by His light all human blindness is remedied. Satan was unable to obscure Christ’s brilliance in any way. Darkness fled at His entrance.

Light shown through His clothing on the Mount, because it was not manufactured, it was inner, and it was intense. Concentrated light, laser light, can cut through any and every obstacle.

I thank God for this Light, the writer and revive.

Mathew Kuruvilla, Bhopal

renewing and enriching life

Pastor Dr. John K. Mathew

A man given

ADDICTION

to drink once said to a preacher, "After all, Jesus turned water into wine"!

His reply, "If you use Jesus as your example for drinking, why don't you follow his example in everything else"? Sincere Christians consider verses such as Rom.13:12 and 13 and I Cor. 6:9 and 10, which read, "Let us behave properly, as in the day, not in carousing and drunkenness, not in immorality and wickedness, not in strife and envy. But put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh to fulfill its lust."

"Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived. Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor male prostitutes, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners will inherit the kingdom of God". Warren Wiersbe narrates the story of a drunken coal miner who was converted and became a vocal witness for Christ. One of his friends tried to trap him by asking, "Do you believe that Jesus turned water into wine". " I certainly do!" the believer replied, "In my home, He has turned wine into furniture, decent clothes, and food for my children!". Today drinking and gambling are not the few habits that addict people.

What is an addiction? " It is a physical or psychological need to do, take or using something, to the point where it could be harmful to you." It can be drugs both illicit and prescription, alcohol, nicotine, work, computers, shopping, sex, money, and food or just anything. If it enslaves you it is an addiction!.

It is at this point we realize that we all are addicted to something as Apostle James says, " brothers,... we all err in many ways" (3:1). There is an awareness of the dangers of smoking today, but drinking is considered a symbol of social status. Most of the advertisements that promote the sale of alcoholic beverages depict fashionable people in gracious settings, giving the subtle impression that 'social drinking' and success are synonymous.

But pastors, social workers, physicians, and dedicated members of Alcoholic Anonymous would paint a different picture. They have seen firsthand the wrecked marriages, ruined bodies and minds, abused families, and shattered careers that often accompany what people call 'social drinking'.

What is the remedy? Here are some helpful tips: Do not deny the facts, acknowledge our indebtedness.

What

is an addiction? " It is a physical or psychological need to do, take or using something, to the point where it could be harmful to you."

Do not deny any sort of assistance.

Do have a deep desire to get rid of it.

Do our best to be disciplined.

Develop a habit of accountability.

Depart from all sorts of evil influences, and above all.

Depend upon God's Word and His promises.

Please remember, there is nothing impossible with God! March 2019

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Vivyn Mathew Mental health Consultant, New Hope Counseling Centre, Kumbanad

ADDICTION AND ITS TYPES “Every form of addiction is bad, no matter whether the narcotic be alcohol or morphine or idealism�. - Carl Jung

Images of intoxicated persons come rushing into our minds when we think of addiction. Almost every one knows someone who lost their lives due to being addicted

to various substances. The term 'addiction' is widely used by all sections of society because addictive behaviors are one among the biggest problems of mankind. But common usage of this term has given rise to many questions and arguments. How big are addiction problems exactly? How does addiction differ from bad habits? Is addiction and dependence on substance synonymous? What causes addiction?

Global estimates on substance abuse shows that the scourges of these debilitating conditions are felt across the world. A global survey in 2014 showed 4.9% of the

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world's adult population (240 million people) suffer from alcohol use disorder (7.8% of men and 1.5% of women), 22.5% of adults in the world (1 billion people) smoke tobacco products (32.0% of men and 7.0% of women). It is estimated that 11% of deaths in males and 6% of deaths in females each year are due to tobacco. illegal psychoactive drugs like cannabis is the most prevalent at 3.5% globally, (15 million people) inject drugs. These estimates are only the tips of the metaphorical iceberg because the addictions on substances are only a minor fraction when compared with the immeasurable psychological or behavioral addictions worldwide. It means the addictions like problem gambling, internet addictions and addiction to televisions are rampant globally and may be prevalent in every household which makes it difficult to measure.

Addiction is both psychological and behavioral. Addictions are marked by craving, compulsion, and inability to stop harmful use of substances and lifestyle dysfunction.

Addiction commonly understood in many ways. Some consider it in respect to appetites, desires and preferences that have got out of hand to become excessive unmindful obsession for distraction from facing the realities of life. Other opinions includes addiction as attempts to get away from distress, running away due to fears and insecurities, being liberated from fear and pain limitations, obsessive bonding with substances and activities for some sense of relief due to an inability to beat the present life and some consider addiction as the loss of purpose and connection.

But addiction is overly acknowledged with drugs that have an effect on the Central Nervous System. Addiction is compulsive engagement on rewarding stimuli. Brains reward seeking pathway is involved primarily. Dopamine from the Ventral Tegmental Area projecting to higher region called Nucleus Accumbens activates for more rewarding experiences resulting in addictive behaviors. It is to be noted that some behavioral addictions can be placed equal footing with drug addictions. This may point to the fact “excessive appetites” are powerful than “drug dependencies”.

Definition of Addiction “What is addiction, really? It is a sign, a signal, a symptom of distress. It is a language that tells us about a plight that must be understood”. - Alice Miller In order to gain clarity and understanding there is a need to define the word addiction. For our purposes we define addiction as follows: American Psychological Association (APA) defines Addiction as the repeated involvement with a substance or activity, despite the substantial harm it now causes, because that involvement was (and may continue to be) pleasurable and/ or valuable.

thoughts.

3. Addiction is repeated involvement despite substantial harm:A behavior cannot be called as an addiction unless it happened regularly and repeatedly.

4. Addiction continues because it was, or is, pleasurable and/or valuable: It is shocking to know that most people initiated their involvement addiction agents like drugs because; at first it was pleasurable, or at least valuable. It was considered "valuable" because it reduced anxiety., it provided a temporary escape from bad situation or boredom.

This initial pleasurable and valuable initial involvement later on becomes a rewarding experience that they cling to be addicted.

A behavior can be called addicted if it is engaged in at an abnormally high frequency or volume. The behavior will be dominated by preoccupation with the object or the activity or the means of acquiring it, or experiences of distress when the activity is stopped or prevented.

The experience of the behavior becomes out of one’s control, unsuccessful attempts. Mood changes become visible according

This definition highlights four main attributes to addiction. They being, 1. Addiction includes both substances and activities (such as sex and gambling): persons may become addicted to both substances and activities. Substance addiction includes any substances that are taken into the body. This may include drugs, tobacco and unauthorized use of prescription medications. The activity addiction may include activities such as gambling, sex, the internet, pornography, and shopping etc. Sometimes people call these "process addictions."

2. Addiction leads to substantial harm: Addiction harms not only the person with the addiction but also everyone around them.

The difference between "bad behavior" and addiction lies in the occurrence of substantial harm to the addicted person or others, "substantial harm" means harmful consequences like declining health, damage to interpersonal relationships, and diminishing financial resources. The less-obvious, indirect loss from the addiction is that it consumes all their time, energy, and preoccupies their

When you can't I can.

- God

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to the changes in the engagement with addictive agent. The behavior brings conflict with the family members due to occurrence of lying, stealing or criticism by family. The behavior causes harm in other lifeareas such as finances, education or work, physical or mental health.

The

Spiritual models suppose addiction occurs because of a separation from God. Moral causation of addiction points to the fact that there is a "correct" morality based on a particular set of values.

Deviation from those values results in addiction.

Causes of addiction: “Addiction begins with the hope that something "out there" can instantly fill up the emptiness inside”. - Jean Kilbourne Many factors influence the development of an addiction yet we don’t know how these various influences combine to form an addiction. These factors fall in the areas of Biological, Psychological, Socio- cultural and Spiritual influences According to the biological model, a person’s distinctive physiology and genetics causes

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addiction. Genetic vulnerability in the form of genetic loading from heredity aids I the development of addiction. The degree to which they like or dislike a particular addictive substance or activity is assumed to come from these genetic factors. Some people may enjoy a substance or activity so much that it becomes very tempting and difficult to resist.

The disease model highlights that addiction (especially substance) is a complex irreversible illness, characterized by altered brain structure and functioning. These changes in the function of the brain can cause addictive behaviourscharacterized by compulsive, at times uncontrollable drug craving that persist(s) even in the face of extremely negative consequences. For many people drug addiction becomes chronic, with relapses possible even after long periods of abstinence.

Psychological factors are believed to play an important influence in developing addiction. Behaviors that control people's functioning and decrease life satisfaction are often called maladaptive behavior such as Addiction. The study of factors that contributes to the emergence of maladaptive thinking and behavioral patterns can explain the reason for such addictions. Some of the possible psychological causes of addiction can be due to abnormality, or "psychopathology" that presents itself as mental illness. Secondly, thoughts and beliefs create their different emotional response and feelings determine their behavior. If thoughts, beliefs and feelings are unrealistic or dysfunctional, their behavior and developing personality can make a person psychologically vulnerable to addiction. Third, the unhealthy behavior learned in response to their environment causes faulty coping and behavioral patterns.

According to the sociocultural model, the cultural standards of a society and the negative effects of culture and society cause addiction. The larger social systems that surround an individual may make a person vulnerable. An individual within any given system participates in the maintenance of that balance in the system or society.

However, if the natural balance (status quo) of a system is dysfunctional, then the system serves to maintain that dysfunction. Some dysfunctional systems can promote and foster addictive behavior for some individuals in that system.

The Spiritual models suppose addiction occurs because of a separation from God. Moral causation of addiction points to the fact that there is a "correct" morality based on a particular set of values. Deviation from those values results in addiction.

Types of addiction “An over-indulgence of anything, even something as pure as water, can intoxicate.”

- Criss Jami

List of Substances that cause addiction: Alcohol Tobacco Opioids (like heroin) Prescription drugs (sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics like sleeping pills and tranquilizers) Cocaine Cannabis (marijuana) Amphetamines (like methamphetamine, known as meth) Hallucinogens Inhalants Phencyclidine (known as PCP or Angeldust) Other unspecified substances

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Dr. Saji Kumar K. P. Ph.D; IBTS

Areeparambu, Kottayam

- WAYS TO IDENTIFY ONE Drugs are meant

to save a life but they have been misused over the centuries.

It continues to destroy people and society.

Since the beginning of history humans have searched for substances that would sustain, protect and act on the nervous system to produce pleasurable sensations.

Individuals are attracted to drugs because of the belief that drugs help them adapt to an ever-changing environment and taking drugs reduces tension and frustration, March 2019

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relieves boredom and fatigue, and in some cases it seemingly helps people to forget and escape the harsh realities of their world.

Addiction affects not only the abuser but also the whole community. Substance abuse brings guilt feelings, relationship problems and several spiritual problems. Many of them feel rejection, loneliness, shamefulness, depression, hate and anger. Substance abusers

There

is a function of transmitting information in the brain through the release of specific chemicals by what is called neurotransmitters.

The constant abuse of drugs damages its function and there is a progressive weakness in the cells of the brain and consequently in the movement of muscles. find failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, home and church. This ends them up in poor work performance, suspensions of his/her life, neglect of children or household, continued substance use despite having persistent social or interpersonal problems caused by the effects of the substance, and most of all it means arguments with spouse about consequences of intoxication, and quarrelling with each other. It also denotes an irresistible mental craving or compulsion or urge

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for the drug, that the person will go to the extent of begging, borrowing, stealing, robbing, and even killing to satisfy his/her need regardless of the place, people and time. After the habit is established, they needs to take drugs in order to feel “normal,” a condition referred to as psychological dependence. Following are some of the ways to recognize an addict.

Change in physical condition The first sign of addiction is its physical symptoms. Indistinctive speech or overemphasis on words, tremor in speech is evident in drug addicts. They also might have red or watery eyes, out of focus or glassy look, complaining of regular illness to hide the effects of drugs, craving for sweets, occasional vomits late nights, gets up at night to have drugs, and also their eating habits are very irregular. They avoid eating with their family members. They usually eat little and sometimes eat a lot but suffer from constipation. Alcohol and drugs can spoil any part of the body and curtail its proper functioning. Drugs promote indigestion and causes constipation in the beginning but for the habitual and longtime users, it causes loss of appetite and gastric derangement. The knowledge of time and personality is lost and the drugged person feels that he/she is enjoying the pleasure of life for hours together, although in reality it is only for few minutes. If continued, it causes intoxication and loss of self-control.

The subject becomes very talkative, jovial and laughs at the minutest things done or said. The delirium is generally noisy and restless, which is accompanied by muscular excitement and it is followed by sleep which is accompanied by delightful and erotic dreams. Continuous use of large doses of drugs will lead to coma followed by death from cardiac failure. For the beginners it will result in mental derangement and even insanity.

Alcohol also produced gases in the stomach which may cause bloating and cramping. Drinking can interfere with the body’s ability to digest food and absorb vital nutrients. For constant drinkers, this can contribute to malnutrition and the development of some alcohol related diseases. Therefore, long term use of alcohol is associated with higher rates of peptic ulcers in the lining of the stomach. It can also lead to inflammation of the stomach (gastric) which causes loss of an appetite, nausea and stomach pain.

There is a function of transmitting information in the brain through the release of specific chemicals by what is called neurotransmitters. The constant abuse of drugs damages its function and there is a progressive weakness in the cells of the brain and consequently in the movement of muscles. Muscles become flabby, and the skin, dry, red, and shiny and there is also excessive perspiration on hands and feet. Alcohol cause damage to muscle tissue and as a result there is acute muscle pain and weakness especially in the limbs. The affected muscles may later become swollen and bruised.

Indisputably, drug abuse is one of the causes of cancer. Heavy abuse of drugs increases the risk and also develops cancer in tongue, mouth, pharynx, and liver. Alcohol has a synergistic effect with tobacco that increases the risk of cancer.

Psychological symptoms Guilt Guilt is the feeling of being personally responsible for something blame worthy.

Guilt is the feeling that is caused by the self judgment that “I have done something wrong.” A drug abuser feels guilt over his/her conviction that his/her addiction was self- inflicted. “Drugs users may have been separated from family, friends, and even from God while they know that the use of drugs is unacceptable in the community, family and in the sight of God. But they continue to be a victim to drugs.

Anger Anger is an emotional state, experienced by everyone but difficult to define. It

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occurs in varying forms and degrees of intensity from mild annoyance or feelings of aggravation to violent rage. Anger is a leading cause of depression, accidents, sickness, and interpersonal tension. Drugs abusers are easily prone to anger, specially when they are not able to find drugs they crave for. This anger might turn towards the family, friends and the society in general.

Isolation and Loneliness One of the major problems found among drugs abusers is that they feel that they are alone as they are rejected by their own children or church members. They want to be in the company of people; but circumstances and the feelings within them forces to be alone. This habit makes them moody and sometimes even leads them either to depression or a kind of anti-social attitude. The feeling of rejection is very strong in them Depression Depression is a prolonged feeling of sadness, discouragement, and an inability to “get on top of things.� Depression is a common, universal condition that varies in terms of symptoms, severity, origins, and duration, and that affects large segments of the population. Researchers have made bold claims about drug abuse leading to depression. It has been known that drug abusers have higher rates of depression than non-drug abusers.

Changes in behaviour and lifestyles Unexpected change in mood and attitude are common in addicted people. They have a wavering mind and ever changing attitude towards their friends. They have lack of interest in spirituality. The violence and crime that the drug business brings to the society is frightening and its influence is alarming. Many drug addicts imagine that they can fly or do supernatural things. Drugs such as Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) produce hallucinations and LSD users have stepped off high-storied building plunging to their death. Many of the recent suicide cases are triggered by such drug abusers.

Alcohol can make the addicts aggressive and it results in violence and crime. The alcohol addict becomes a rebel against society and generally withdraws from normal life. Many young people today are school dropouts and abandon social gathering because of their addiction. The need for the money to support their alcoholic habits leads the alcohol addict to indulge in anti-social activities such as stealing, smuggling, lying and cheating without any guilt feelig. The majority of road accidents are due to the drivers being under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

The hallucinogenic drugs produce hallucinations. Drugs like amphetamines, speed, pep pills and cocaine can make the user aggressive and result in violence and addicted alcohol usually gets angry and upsets easily in their life. Even a single episode of heaving drinking can cause the lining to become inflammed and bleed.

physical withdrawal symptoms, but more emotional withdrawal (cocaine, marijuana, and ecstasy) symptoms. Every person's physical withdrawal pattern is also different. Some may experience only a little physical withdrawal, but that doesn't mean that they are not addicted.

Such people may experience more emotional withdrawal. Some of the withdrawal symptoms include acute anxiety and depression.

There is also difficulty in sleeping and there are feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies.

When the addicts don’t get the drugs, the heart rate might go up and their body might sweat all the time. They also feel tightness in the chest and nausea. The person may experience restlessness, irritation and anger, shivering, convulsions, hallucination and delirium tremens, when the supply is cut off. This person will take the same substance again and again to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Maladaptive patterns of dependence Tolerance A need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve

Withdrawal Symptoms of Drug Addiction People addicted to drugs normally suffer from the withdrawal symptoms. The withdrawal symptoms are due to the adverse effects caused by lack of drugs in the body, which in turn affects the brain. The brain and body become addicted to the drugs. Each type of addiction requires different treatment and also the length of treatment and the withdrawal symptoms also differ according to the drugs. Symptoms may last for more than a week in people who suffer from severe drug addiction. Some of the withdrawal symptoms might be life threatening and can cause great discomfort.

Each drug produces different but significant physical withdrawals (alcohol, opiates, and tranquilizers). Some drugs produce little March 2019

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intoxication or desired effect or diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance. A person who used to drink 30ml of alcohol/smoking may need more after six months to get the same effect.

Excessive use The substance is taken in larger amounts and over a long period irrespective of associated problems.

Helplessness The person would like to stop or control use of the abuse substance, but becomes helpless due to tolerance and withdrawal symptoms.

Preoccupation A great deal of time, energy, effort and money is spent to obtain the substance and to use the substance. Thus the person

forgets or neglects other important things in life.

Ignoring danger alerts The abuse of the substance is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent physical or psychological problem that is likely to worsen with continued use. The person may ignore doctor’s advice to stop drinking or stop using the substance.

Social symptoms Continued substance abuse despite having persistent social or interpersonal problems like arguing or quarrelling with family members or at work place. This includes denial, accusation, physical abuse, withdrawal from social life and suicidal attempts.

Many measures have been taken in the past to eradicate the problem of drug addiction by conducting seminars, creating laws and regulations, by opening detoxification and rehabilitation centers. Yet drug addiction is on the rise and has become a menace to the very fabric of our society and church, as well as to the family. People have right to access to knowledge on the nature of drug abuse and solutions to the problem. Drug addictions are among the most prevalent complex and destructive illnesses in human society. They are found in every segment of society, regardless of race, religion and social-economic lass. They have a significant impact on spiritual, physical and mental health of family relationships as well as Church and child development. It is very important that counseling intervention be included by the Church. Marriage and family counseling must be emphasised because the addicted person is part of all these relationships. The Church need to give hope into their lives and it is the responsibility of the church, pastors and association leaders to help them to know the way to stop it and how to grow in spirituality.

ADDICTION AND ITS TYPES List of Impulse Control Disorders Lists of disorders where impulses cannot be resisted, which could be considered a type of addiction. The following is a list of the recognized impulse control disorders: Intermittent explosive disorder (compulsive aggressive and assaultive acts) Kleptomania (compulsive stealing) Pyromania (compulsive setting of fires) Gambling

List of Behavioral Addictions It has been suggested one of the types of addictions is behavioral addiction. The

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following is a list of behaviors that have been noted to be addictive Food (eating) Sex Pornography (attaining, viewing) Using computers / the internet Playing video games Working Exercising Spiritual obsession (as opposed to religious devotion) Pain (seeking) Cutting Shopping

Conclusion An outlook into addictive behaviours opens up a vast area of needs beginning from an individual to community at large. The reach and magnitude of Addictive behaviours that is overtly and covertly holding people captive is far beyond any estimation. The community at large should be aware of this danger that begins innocently but ends very viciously. Effective multipronged preventive and interventional strategies need to be evolved to help people to live productive and fulfilling lives.

renewing and enriching life

Dr. Samson Gandhi Executive Director, Person to Person - Institute for Christian Counselling, Hyderabad

Counseling for Addicts “I do not understand what I do. For what I want to do I do not do, but what I hate to do.” - Romans 7: 15

At some level

we are all ‘addicts’. In that we are weak and are unable to control our behaviors and give in to undesirable habits. As counsellors, we must be compassionate towards those who are struggling to overcome despite your ourbest efforts.

Addicts have hope. In Christ, they have more than a fighting chance to overcome their addictions. Some have been spiritually healed and have been set free from their addictions. A few others found sobriety through healing retreats and counselling. Quite a few take the medical route for overcoming their addiction. However, one must be careful after being set free. As the saying goes, “Once an addict, always an addict.”

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What it means is that if people are not careful in ensuring safe behaviors and positive thought patterns there is every chance of a relapse. In John 5:14, Jesus warns the man healed at Bethesda that if he does not stop sinning something worse may happen to him. We do not know what his sinful behavior was but it had to stop. All forms of addictions are sinful as we all know that they are not right, not good and not safe yet we do them (James 4:17).

The counsellor

needs to have a thorough understanding of the various aspects of addiction in order to understand the clients. Addicts normally play various games and the counsellor must be mindful of them. While counselling the family, issues of codependency need to be considered.

Many addicts feel as if they do not have a choice in their behaviors. They feel that they have lost the power to make a choice. They slowly believe that they are driven by the substance they are abusing or behavior they are indulging. The freewill given by God can never be lost. Therefore, a counsellor must always remind, reiterate and nurture this fact and encourage the recovering addict to exercise his power of choice to

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say ‘No’ to the substance or content and say ‘Yes’ to God and godly options.

Many addicts seek help after trying several ways to overcome their habit. As withdrawal from addictive behaviors always gives rise to pain - physical and emotional - it becomes difficult to overcome their addiction. They give in quickly. In order to overcome such pain, addicts must go through detoxification - both physiologically and mentally. During this time their body and mind adjusts to the pain, and experience a freedom from the urge to take to the habit. Therefore, counselling is best done in tandem with detoxification and rehabilitation.

All the basic concepts, principles and skills of counselling are applicable in addiction counselling. The counsellor needs to have a thorough understanding of the various aspects of addiction in order to understand the clients. Addicts normally play various games and the counsellor must be mindful of them. While counselling the family, issues of codependency need to be considered. Family Systems approach to offering therapy understanding and counselling addicted persons and their family members. 12 Step approach is very popular and used extensively in Alcoholics Anonymous groups.

Motivational Interviewing is effective when the addict wants to overcome but is unable to give up due to lack of motivation.

Motivational Interviewing Motivational interviewing is a user-centered style of interaction that directs people to explore and resolve their ambivalence about their substance use and move through the stages of change. It was developed by Miller and Rollick.

In treating addiction, the biggest challenge is to motivate the counsellee to reduce or stop their substance abuse. Without this the counsellor can do little. Earlier motivation was seen as the user's responsibility. Today however motivation is seen as something that can be influenced by the counsellor. Treatment is based on the following assumptions about motivation.

Motivation is a key to change.

Motivation may fluctuate from one time or situation to another. This is also known as ambivalence.

Motivation is influenced by social interactions.

Each person has powerful potential for change. The task of the counsellor is to release that potential.

Stages of Changes Model: Assessing the readiness to change This model was developed by two social scientists (Prochaska &Diclemente), and may be used to explain the different decision-making stages that we tend to go through when trying to make a significant lifestyle change. Understanding the change process helps counsellors interact with persons to effectively resolve ambivalence and build motivation. In each stage, the user needs to focus on specific tasks that will enable movement to the next stage. The model includes the following stages of change

Stage 1: Pre-contemplation The user does not consider change. He tends to defend his current use and does not feel it is a problem. He may be defensive when other people try to get him to quit.

He has no concerns about the consequences of his addiction. He is not interested in any kind of help. They seek treatment due to outside pressures such as family, job, etc., or due to legal and/or medical concerns. Teenagers are generally in this stage and some people may be stuck here for years.

There are many reasons to be in pre-contemplation, and Dr. DiClemente has referred to them as “the Four Rs” -reluctance, rebellion, resignation and rationalization.

Individuals in this stage benefit from encouragement to rethink their behaviours;

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change without a proper plan or appropriate skills or without necessary support in place decreases the chances of long term success.

The user indicates readiness when he stops arguing or denying; asks questions about how to change; states openness to change ("I have to do something) or expresses optimism ("I can beat this").

Stage 4: Action At this stage the individual puts his plan into action and begins to see it work over time, making adjustments along the way. He is involved in, and committed to the

education about the risks and potential shortand longterm consequences of use; and assistance in conducting self-analysis.

Stage 2: Contemplation At this stage the user has become aware that there are problems associated with his addiction, has begun to think about the issue, but he is not yet ready to deal with it. The consequences are not yet so bad or serious that he feels the need to take action; and the person feels that getting control of the situation is just too hard. The user is highly ambivalent about change. He both considers change and rejects it. Although they think about the negative aspects of their addictive behaviour and the positives associated with giving it up (or reducing), they still cannot make a decision to change as they see change as giving up an enjoyed behaviour. During this stage, individuals wrestle with perceived barriers to treatment and recovery, including time, expense, hassle, and fear.Counsellors can help in making a risk-reward analysis. This is done by helping an addict to look at the effect of such a change on me and others, and how he feels about himself and how will others feel about me. Counsellors can help users discuss a difference between "Where I am now in my life?" and "Where would I like to be?"

Stage 3: Preparation At this stage, the user shifts from "thinking about it" to "planning first steps."

He plans to make a change in the near future but is still considering what to do. He is beginning to try things such as going to AA, looking at the options, and making a plan to stop or cut down. The preparation stage is perhaps the most important in the process. The goal is to help user to get ready to make a change.

Individuals in this stage benefit from writing down their goals, preparing a realistic plan of action, and making a list of motivating statements. Counsellors help the individual to make a realistic assessment of the level of difficulty involved in stopping use. They will begin to anticipate problems and pitfalls and come up with concrete solutions that will become part of their ongoing treatment plan. Commitment to

“I have the right to do anything,” you say - but not everything is beneficial. “I have the right to do anything” - but I will not be mastered by anything.

1 Corinthians 6:12 change process. He is willing to follow suggested strategies and activities to change. The many things that addiction may have taken from the person begins to be restored, along with hope and self-confidence and continued determination not to continue addictive behaviour. He often makes a public commitment or tells his family and friends about his decision. This helps him obtain the support he needs to recover March 2019

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and it also creates external monitors. Counsellors can help by affirming any positive action taken toward recovery; help reinforcing their goals and plan of action; acknowledge difficulties and Identify risky situations and formulate coping strategies.

Stage 5: Maintenance Those in this stage are learning to incorporate their new behaviours into their longterm identities, goals, and

Motivational

Interviewing as an approach recognises that change does not always happen easily or just because the individual wants it. It is natural for the person to change their mind many times about whether they want to give up their addiction.

activities. There is a long-term sustained change over many years. However the possibility of relapse is always present.

Individuals may experience a strong temptation to use drugs or indulge in addictive behaviour.At this stage the person uses 'relapse prevention' strategies to ensure new behaviours are maintained.

Strategies in this stage might include: On-going counselling; attending a support group such as AA; avoiding friends they used to "use" with; self-esteem building

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processes and finding replacement activities.

Stage 6: Relapse This could be a process of learning to cope with a "slip" to prevent it turning into a full-blown relapse. Few people are able to get on top of substance abuse or dependence without a "slip", where they start using again. Users who relapse learn from the relapse.

The experience of relapsing and returning to sobriety often strengthens a person’s determination to stay sober. In the process new skills are learnt which then become part of the user's relapse prevention strategy.

Basic principles that underlie motivational interviewing: 1. Expressing empathy by listening and reflecting the person’s concerns, thoughts and feelings. People with addictions are often reluctant to go into treatment, because they don't believe that the counsellor, will understand why the addictive behaviour means so much to them. Many, who have put up with other people criticising their behaviour, believe they will be judged, some even feel guilty about their behaviour and feel judgment would be valid. Instead of judging the person with the addiction, the counsellor focuses on understanding the situation from the addicted person's point of view.

2. Develop Discrepancy: Helping people make up their minds Users are usually uncertain about whether or not they want to change. Their addiction may have had consequences yet they have developed their addiction as a way of coping with life, and they do not necessarily like the idea of giving that up.

People are more likely to be motivated to change their substance use behaviour when they recognise the discrepancy between their substance use and related problems, and the way they would like their lives to be. Motivational Interviewing helps people to make up their minds about how to move forward, by helping the individual to look at the advantages and disadvantages of different choices and actions. Counsellors can ask the person to list the positive aspects (reasons not to change) and less‐than‐positive aspects (reasons to change) of substance use, and work with the person to establish goals and actions based on the individual's own needs, wishes, goals, values and strengths.

3. Roll with Resistance: Developing New Understanding Motivational Interviewing as an approach recognises that change does not always happen easily or just because the individual wants it. It is natural for the person to change their mind many times about whether they want to give up their addiction. They may argue, interrupt, blame, ignore or be hostile. Rather than challenging, opposing or criticising the person with the addiction, the counsellor can help the individual to reach a new understanding of themselves and what their addiction means to them.

They do this by active listening and reflection to avoid increasing their resistance and re-framing. Some strategies for deflecting resistance include simple reflection, shifting focus, agreement with a twist and reframing.

4. Supporting self-efficacy Self-efficacy is the person’s confidence in their own ability to achieve their goals.

Many users do not believe they can begin or maintain a behavioural change. The counsellor must recognize the user’s strengths and believe in their capacity to reach their goals. Highlighting even small gains can help (e.g. a user might not have stopped drinking but may have managed to cut down or have had one or two alcohol free days in the week.) counsellors promote self-efficacy by validating “change talk.”

Phase 1: Building motivation for change There are five specific methods that are used in Phase One. The first four methods

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create the acronym OARS and the fifth method, eliciting change talk is unique to motivational interviewing Open Questions Affirming Reflecting Summarizing And Eliciting change talk

Open Questions Asking open questions encourages the user do most of the talking with the opportunity to reveal their own concerns about their behaviour. This helps build a richer, deeper conversation unlike closed ended questions that resemble an interrogation. Examples: “What makes you think that you may need to make a change in your drug use?”“What brought you here today?”

Affirming the user You should also seek opportunities to affirm, compliment, and reinforce the user sincerely. Such affirmations can be beneficial in a number of ways, including:(1) strengthening the working relationship, (2) enhancing the attitude of self-responsibility and empowerment, (3) reinforcing effort and self-motivational statements, and (4) supporting user self-esteem.

Reflective Listening Reflections convey empathy and are important in MI. You need to listen carefully to what the user is saying and reflect it back to him in a slightly modified or reframed way. Reflection helps to: Encourage users to talk and express themselves better Build a working therapeutic relationship Understand what the user really means Reinforces motivation

really worried about what is happening to me.")

A direct intention to change behaviour (e.g., "I've got to do something about this.")

Optimism about one's ability to change (e.g., "I know that if I try, I can really do it.")

Asking users to identify the extremes of the problem (e.g., "What are you most concerned

No temptation has overtaken you except what is common to mankind. And God is faithful; he will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear.

But when you are tempted, he will also provide a way out so that you can endure it.

Summarise Summarising is also a good way to begin and end each counselling session and to provide a natural bridge when the user is transitioning between stages of change.

A summary that links the user's positive and negative feelings about substance use can facilitate an understanding of initial ambivalence and promote the perception of discrepancy. It helps users consider their own responses and contemplate their own experience. It also gives you and your user an opportunity to notice what might have been overlooked as well as incorrectly stated.

Eliciting self - motivational statements Engaging the user in the process of change is the fundamental task of motivational interviewing. Rather than convince the user that a transformation is necessary, the counsellor helps the user recognize how life might be better and choose ways to make it so.Direct confrontational statements like “you have to change because you have caused a lot of problems in your family” will only be counterproductive. Rather encourage users to verbalize statements that can be self-motivating. Four types of motivational statements can be seen Cognitive recognition of the problem (e.g., "I guess this is more serious than I thought.")

Affective expression of concern about the perceived problem (e.g., "I'm

1 Corinthians 10:13 about?") helps to enhance their motivation. They may be able to establishing specific goals if they are helped to visualize what they would like for the future.

Phase 2: Strengthening commitment to change uses strategies such as: The focus here is on strengthening the user’s commitment to March 2019

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change using specific goals and plans. The idea is to get from the user and significant others some ideas and ultimately a plan for what to do about the user's drug use. The plan stems from a shared decision making process which includes: setting goals, considering change options, arriving at the plan and eliciting commitment

a. Setting goals Start with goals that the user is most eager to make. You can also suggest goals you think are important to user’s welfare such as getting a job. It is important to evaluate the goals: Are they achievable? Ask user to consider consequences for this course of action. Ex: "So what is your goal?

What do you think might go wrong with this plan? Consider how the user might go about achieving the goal (possible methods). Ensure the goal seems right, if the user has concerns work on them.

b. Considering Change Options Present menu of options and help user choose his option.

Personal choice enhances motivation. Describe options in language understandable to

users. Tell user what each strategy is intended to do, how it works, what is involved, and what to expect, then ask user if they have questions. Ask user to guess what would happen with each alternative and what are the outcomes if nothing is done. User may not choose right approach first time and relapse is normal

c. Arriving at a Plan: This can be done by helping the user fill a change plan worksheet.

The Change Plan Worksheet (CPW) This is to be used to help in specifying the user's action plan. Do not start by filling out the CPW. Rather the information needed for the CPW should emerge through the motivational dialogue described above. This information can then be used as a basis for your recapitulation. CPW can include the following leading statements: The changes I want to make are...

The most important reasons why I want to make these changes are...

The steps I plan to take in changing are...

The ways other people can help me are...

I will know that my plan is working if.

Some things that could interfere with my plan are...

d. Eliciting commitment to change After you have recapitulated the user's situation, and responded to concerns raised by the user move toward getting a formal commitment to change. The user is to commit verbally to take concrete, planned steps to bring about the needed change.

The closing question being: Are you ready, then, to commit yourself to do this?In practice, the strategies you use will depend on your user’s readiness to change, which may fluctuate throughout treatment.Toward the end of the commitment process, it is useful to offer a broad summary of what has transpired. This may include a repetition of the reasons for concern uncovered in the Phase 1 as well as new information developed during Phase 2. Emphasis should be given to the user's self-motivational statements, the role of the significant other, the user's plans for change, and the perceived consequences of changing and not changing. Use the notes on the Change Plan Worksheet as a guide.

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Our Team 1. Dr. Isaac V. Mathew M.Th, Ph.D 2. Dr. James George Venmony B.D., M.Th, Ph.D 3. Mrs. Anu Kurian M.Sc, M.Ed, DCPC 4. Rev. Dr. Cherian Mathew M.Th, D.Min 5. Mr. Vivyn Mathew MSW, PSW, M.Phil. (NIMHANS)

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renewing and enriching life

Pastor Emmanuel p.g.

Faculty, India Bible College and Seminary, Kumbanad

drug abuse among children and youth There is no dearth of researches or statistics on the extent, gravity and miseries of drug abuse and addiction, especially among children and youth. No special alert is

required to make people aware of the urgency to get rid of this danger. It has already become a major concern of parents, governments, school authorities and organizations as they fight the greatest enemy of humanity that shipwrecks tender lives before they blossom and grow.

To see the drug devil suck the blood (and life) of the blooming buds is the most heartbreaking of all sights. Wailing mothers and fathers stand stunned as they see their dreams shatter beyond repair. But at the outset, I assure you there is hope for the one who looks to Jesus Christ, who alone brings a message of resurrection from death.

terms that these are written for giving prudence to the simple, knowledge and discretion to the young; to let the wise listen and add to their learning, and let the discerning get guidance (vs. 4,5).

This article is a trumpet call to the young not to fall prey or go anywhere near the firing range of this enemy of humanity - the drug devil.

Call to Wisdom

Volunteers to Death

Use of alcohol and drugs, the idea of ‘getting high’ are habits as old as human civilization. Any addiction is like a mortal pest that paralyses the vitality of people.

Rather than merely present alarming rates of facts and figures, this article aims at helping children and youth, the cream of our generation to flee from the addiction highway!

The Bible portrays the miserable plight of people who were addicted to wine/drugs.

It is a choice between the way of death and the way of life; a choice that existed in the Garden of Eden. The book of Proverbs powerfully warns people not to be attracted by the color of wine, as it destroys the vigor and efficiency of kings, and speeds their way to destruction.

The book of Proverbs in its very opening paragraph addresses the youth in Golden

Drug = despair, destruction, defeat, depression, damnation and death.

No one has ever gotten better because of drug misuse, but rather it has made their lives miserable and their future disfigured. The world wails over those miserable millions whose lives got destroyed in this hell fire of addiction.

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Statistics It was estimated that in the early 2000’s in India, 50% of boys who reached ninth grade, had tried at least one of the gateway drugs such as marijuana (bhang), pot (ganja), heroin or other forms of narcotics or even alcohol. A wide variety of commonly used substances are made from a combination of tobacco, betel leaf and areca nut, locally called pan parag, supari, Sambu, kuber, hans, mostly used by high school and college students, often unknown to parents or teachers.

At the

national level, drug abuse is intrinsically linked with racketeering, conspiracy, corruption, illegal money transfers, terrorism and violence threatening the very stability of governments.

Tobacco is often the first drug used by young people before they graduate to stronger and other stronger drugs and alcohol.

In 1980’s the male female ratio of drug users in India was 8:2.

Even today boys are more prone to substance abuse than girls, but the general percent of both the sexes has gone up sharply from 25 to 50.

A recent data states: among those involved in drug and substance abuse in India, 13.1 per cent are below 20 years.

A recent report of Alcoholic and Drug Information Centre in

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India says, in Kerala children start using alcohol at the age of 13.5.

A study from the US in the latter quarter of 1990’s raises an alarm with the following warnings In the next twenty four hours, 15,006 teens will use drugs for the first time.

Every 4 minutes a youth is arrested for an alcohol related crime.

Every 7 minutes a youth is arrested for a drug crime.

Nature of Drugs Used 1. Among the drugs excluding alcohol and tobacco, two-third students use depressants (pain-killers, tranquilizers and barbiturates), one-fourth use narcotics (cannabis, cocaine and opium) and one-tenth use stimulants and hallucinogens.

2. The “down” drugs (sedatives, tranquilisers and pain-killers) are more popular than “up” drugs (stimulants) showing thereby that the young people wish to “go to sleep” rather than to “wake up”.

Dangers Teens who drink and take drugs are more likely to have sex. Those who take drugs on a regular basis are more likely to be sexually active, according to a new study from Canada. The same study also found that sexually active girls are at higher risk for attempted suicide.

Sex and addiction A US report says -Sixty percent of college women diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease were drunk at the time of infection. (Advocacy Institute, 1992) Drugs remove inhibition and impair judgment, causing one to commit offences.

Incidences of eve-teasing, group clashes, looting houses, assault, highway robbery, smuggling, quotation killings, impulsive murders etc are mostly resultant of drug abuse.

Apart from affecting the financial stability, addiction increases conflicts and causes untold emotional pain for every member of the family.

At the national level, drug abuse is intrinsically linked with racketeering, conspiracy, corruption, illegal money transfers, terrorism and violence threatening the very stability of governments. Increase in incidences of HIV, hepatitis B and C and tuberculosis due to addiction adds the reservoir of infection in the community burdening the health care system further.

Women in India face greater problems from drug abuse that include domestic violence and infection with HIV, besides financial instability. Eighty seven per cent addicts being treated in a de-addiction center, run by the Delhi police acknowledged to being violent with family members.

The number of smokers in the Indian schools and colleges has considerably decreased since many have adopted other forms of tobacco available in chewable form, less identifiable, stronger in effect and in different flavors.

Watch your children Parents are usually unaware about their children hooked on to drugs. You can watch out for tell-tale signs, such as, blood-shot eyes, irritability, involvement in anti-social activities, aloofness or spending a lot of time in their rooms and a decline in academic performance.

Other possible behavorial patterns to be taken as an alarm are: Having drugs or drug paraphernalia Medications or alcohol missing from your home or the home of family members or friends

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A change in friends, or hanging out with friends who use drugs Slow, slurred speech or talking unusually fast and jumping from subject to subject Lack of concern with appearance or hygiene Unexplained change in weight Lying or acting sneaky Not caring about risks, consequences, or the future Being disrespectful or aggressive toward family members or family rules and values Showing signs of depression or withdrawal Defensiveness when questioned about activities or drug use Losing interest in favorite activities 2 Also, teens using drugs often need money to procure more drugs and some signs that show their desperation for money for drugs include: Valuables missing from your home Possession of unexplained money or valuables Trouble with the law - or teen violence Stealing money or drugs Borrowing money Always being broke even if they have an allowance or a job It is best to start talking to your teens about the dangers of drug use before they have a problem, but if you think your teen is using drugs, it’s important to talk to them right away. Teens need help to overcome their teen drug abuse.

Who are the Drug Users?

1. Affluent students tend to experiment with drugs more than those who come from lower socio-economic strata of the population?

2. Those in the 16–21 age group are more susceptible to such habits – mostly in their initial years of college, when away from home.

3. Incidence of drug use among students living in hostels and rented rooms is more than among those living with parents and relatives.

Why are Drugs Taken?

1. A large number of students use drugs for recreation and to seek pleasure, often like the prodigal son.

2. Peer-self-esteem - Many guys and girls do so to prove themselves as heroes / heroines in the campus. A Malayalam periodical reported some sixth graders who carried from home alcohol mixed with soft drinks and distributed to school friends.

Alcohol has become part of culture, fashion and status symbol, especially during celebrations.

3. A few consume drugs to escape from stress. Among young people, those with poor grades low self-image, familial stress are most likely to begin using drugs.

4. Some engage themselves in this addiction more as a form of rebellion and revenge – they are often taken for psychological reasons than for social and/or physical reasons.

5. The home is also the primary source where sons of alcoholic men have a 25% chance of becoming an alcoholic themselves.

6. Availability of drugs is another major factor that leads children to temptation.

More than 40% of teens who admitted drinking said they drink when they are

upset; 31% said they drink alone; 25% said they drink when they are bored; and 25% said they drink to “get high.” (U.S. Surgeon General, 1991)

Conditioning Factors in Drug Use a) After developing the habit of drug use, about three-fifths of the users remain keen to withdraw from drug usage while about two-fifths do not possess such keenness.

It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.

Galatians 5:1

b) Children enjoy more freedom and less care due to disintegration of the old family/joint family system, absence of parental love and care in modern families and the resultant decline of religious and moral values. c) The most vulnerable of the children are those living on the streets who are deprived of parental care and end up as child laborers. d) Siblings are frequently a source of alcohol and drugs for younger siblings.

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Dr. James George Venmoney Faculty, India Bible College and Seminary, Kumbanad Counselor and Youth Speaker

Impact of on Family Addiction is a broad term that includes substance-related, which is chemical and behavioral problems, that is non-chemical in nature. Sandra Rasmussen remarks

the five characteristics of all addiction which are worth to be remarked to get a ground in the discussion of impact of addiction on families. These characteristic are: “(a) tolerance, (b) preoccupation with obtaining and using the substance or engaging in the behaviour (c) use of the substance or engaging in the behaviour despite actual or potential adverse biopsychosocial consequences, (d) repeated efforts to cut down or control the use of behaviour, and (e) withdrawal symptoms when the substance or behaviour is removed.�1 This article primarily discusses the impact of alcoholism on family.

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Alcohol addiction brings an enormous impact upon the individual as well as the people around them. It has been identified that, addiction jeopardizes the holistic development of an individual, families and communities in many ways. Primarily it challenges the person’s well-being causing damage to the physical health and professional life. In addition the relational, spiritual, financial realm is at the risk of challenge in diverse ways. As addiction is a form of disease and it produces series of negative consequences to an individual. Addiction brings devastating impact on the physical, psychological, social, spiritual and relational spheres of an individual at different levels.

The devastating impact of addiction on these different areas is significant to be addressed. Alcohol is related to sixty types of disease and its crucial impact on individual’s physical well-being at the risk of threat. The organ damage, hormone imbalance, gastrointestinal disease and prenatal and fertility issues are few among them. Secondly the emotional health is being challenged as addiction prompts chemical alterations in the brain function. As it generates number of mental health problems often a conscious decision turn into compulsive actions an individual memory and behavior patterns are challenged. They also experience many mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety, memory loss, aggression, mood sings etc. In addition, the prolonged use of substance depletes the financial resources of any stable family. The healthy relationship is hampered or at the risk of threat.

The biopschosocial model gives light to understand the different causative factors behind the perpetuation of alcohol consumption. There are different forms of addiction. These are psychological gambling, compulsive shopping, sexual addictions, eating disorders, internet addictions and so on. Each of them leaves distinctive risks to the addict as well as to the people around him. In the present context the increasing addiction and its devastating impact in social media and internet cannot be ignored.

It is true that in etiology and in expression the non-chemical addictions also manifest the character of the substance related disorder. The scope of this study is limited to the impacts of alcohol addiction, therefore the pertinent areas of non-chemical addiction are not addressed.

Though the addict is the prime sufferer of this tyranny, its enormous impact upon the family is significant concern to be discussed. Addiction as the repeated alcohol intake leads to catastrophic life-events, including spiritual disorders and moral degradation not only to the alcoholic but to those who stay in the immediate circle of the alcoholic. When their aspirations are thus driven by the addiction, shalom loses its meaning among alcoholic and in their family. Family members become the co-dependent of alcoholic by denying their priorities and life aspirations. Through the repeated administration of the substance, alcoholics reach a point where the substance is more important than anything else; hence wife, children and other family members are neglected. They are suffering with the victim and often the alcoholic could not understand the devastating impact of this tyranny upon the family members.

“Alcohol is thought to be a risk factor in the victimization of women and it is known that women are the victims in a large proportion of violent crimes.”2 The marital satisfaction is disrupted when the alcohol becomes the villain in the family. Verbal and physical abuses are the common experiences in such families. As the alcohol hampers the dynamic function the family responsibility reaches in the shoulder of the non-alcoholic spouse.

The children of alcoholic parents encounter multiple challenges due to this situation which deserves adequate attention from health professionals and care givers. Children of alcoholic experience emotional deprivation, abandonment and they are deprived safe childhood and many of their basic emotional needs. The excess drinking pattern contributes shame and embarrassment to the children. Such children witness the inconsistent and unpredictable behaviour patterns from their alcoholic parents. The emotional outburst due to the public drinking leaves wound and scar to their children.

Often the children are compelled to move according to the mood swings of the

alcoholic parents by denying their own interests and wishes.

In addition as the children learn “don’t talk, don’t trust and don’t feel” they are compelled to repress or wrap-up their real feelings.

This inhibits the development of personal and social competence of children in many ways. Studies show that children of alcoholic parents have a host of academic problems such as “learning and reading difficulties, conduct and aggressive behaviour, poor school

For the grace of God has appeared that offers salvation to all people. It teaches us to say “No” to ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live selfcontrolled, upright and godly lives in this present age.

Titus 2:11-12 performance and general loss of concentration.”3 In alcoholic family, parental perceptions are shaped “through an alcoholic fog; then this cloudy, distorted image is reflected to the children. This lack of clarity hinders adolescents from emerging as separate, fully defined individuals.”4 The distorted parent-children relationship is common characteristics in many alcoholic families. The academic excellence of children of alcoholics is comparatively lower than the children of nonalcoholic parents.

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I have seen the harsh realities of the children of alcoholic parents during my study conducted in the state of Kerala. I have identified one hundred and fifty samples from the fourteen districts for the study. The major findings of the study shows that the relationship patterns, the emotional health, the academic performance and the skills of managing troubled situations of adolescents of alcoholic parents are low compared with their control group from similar demographic background. This study has further found that, adolescents of alcoholic parents are exposed to more parental

conflict, undergo economic challenges, lack emotional support from their alcoholic fathers, and witnessing inconsistent and unpredictable behaviour from their parents.

They have dysfunctional family environment and lack positive factors which make their life healthier at home, and parental alcoholism produces dysfunctions to the entire family system and they are at risk to withstand in such situations. The results of the present study resembles with the findings of the previous studies that undertake in the west and India on the enormous family burden on with substance addiction.

At this situation the crucial impact of alcohol addiction on wife and children cannot be ignored by any care givers. Church being a therapeutic community must respond towards this harsh reality by realizing the multiple impact of alcoholism on family.

More than the disciplinary action and mere criticism, the addicts must be loved, cared, accepted and treated. The disease model of addiction shed light to the need for the treatments to the victims. The vulnerable family situations have to be taken care by the church, as the church is the light of the world and salt of the earth.

3.

4.

1.

2.

Sandra Rasmussen, Addiction Treatment Theory and Practice (California: Sage Publication, 2000), 8.

Vivek Benegal, et al., Alcohol Related Problems: A Manual for Medical Officers (Bangalore: NIMHANS, n.d), 31.

Richard Velleman, Counselling for Alcohol Problems (New Delhi: Sage Publications Ltd., 2001), 179.

Wilson, Counselling Adult Children…, 44.

drug abuse among children and youth It is found that 70.3% of those addicted kids have been first exposed to one or the other form of drugs by their friends and relatives, 11.7% by their parents.

Solution Though hard to fight drug use among teens, it can be done.

Once addicted, very few are may be able to come out of this addiction on their own. De-addiction is a long process and requires time, patience, support and love.

The more risky or less accepted a drug is thought to be; the less likely it will be used by teens.

Physical risks include addiction; social risks include disappointing friends or family, and losing.

Parental involvement plays a vital role in restoring addicted children. The strongest decline in drug use occurred when parents and guardians were talking to their kids about the risks of drug use, and the kids were exposed to anti-drug messages in the media.

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Rick Kosterman, a research scientist with the University of Washington’s Social Development Research Group said, “We found that good parenting can make a big difference in preventing early substance use and abuse. Responsible parenting brings with it clear family rules, consistent values and moderate discipline.” Parents must take care to Give children unconditional love.

Try parenting with patience and generosity.

Practice positive behaviors.

Respect the uniqueness of the child.

So understand that “preventing substance abuse among teens is primarily a Mom and Pop operation,” says CASA Chairman Joseph Califano.

Conclusion There are considerable numbers of children who flee bad company and bad habits as they understand how dangerous these habits are.

We must thank God for the 50 percent (millions) who refrain from tasting drugs deliberately. Blessed are those who ‘believe without seeing’. These millions declare that there is still hope for those who are in the trap.

The process of de-addiction is strenuous, but still possible and the victims require compassionate support.

The desire for drugs is like the temptation in the Garden of Eden for the forbidden fruit, and the result of trying it is lasting death. Trying it is like buying a flight ticket to abyss, from where only few have crawled out. Many try it out of curiosity and for adventure. But the misadventure leads to addiction which is like playing in the Niagara waterfalls beyond ‘the point of no return’. But thank God for Jesus Christ who offers a ‘new life’, even for the worst of the sinners – for anyone who looks to Jesus and accepts Him. There is still a way open from heaven, through Jesus Christ, for all those who really look unto Him for help.

renewing and enriching life

Counse ing

Corner

Allan Varghese Teaching elder at Restoration Church, Durham (N.C) U.S.A and Refugee Resettlement Coordinator at World Relief Durham. Interested in evangelism, mission and psychotherapy.

Facing Exam Anxiety I am a young adult who struggles with anxiety, especially during exam times. Do you have any advise to handle this kind of anxiety?

Thank you so much for reaching out with your question. Psychologists commonly distinguish the anxiety you have listed as “test anxiety.” While it is absolutely normal

to have anxious thoughts, sometimes it can aggravate, impairing us from doing our daily functions. Symptoms of anxiety could range from sweating, stomachaches, and headaches to having panic attacks. If you experience persistent panic attacks or have recurrent body pains due to anxiety, then please consult a psychologist.

There are also various cognitive behavioral mechanisms you could try to bring your anxiety under control. One way, in case of “test anxiety,” is to pause and “think about thinking.” Theologically, we have every reason to believe that we are to “think about thinking” as the scripture says, “to take every thought captive”(2 Corinthians 10:5).

We all have our own way of reasoning and how we think often has a big effect on how we feel. Therefore, the process of reflecting on thinking begins by being attentive to our own thinking pattern. Often our thoughts are what we say to ourselves in our minds: self-talk. Therefore, pay attention to the self-talk. For example, when you think of your test, what are your thoughts. If you say to your self “I am going to fail,” then the consequence will be fear and anxiety. However, if you say, “I am going to pass,” then that will keep you calm during the test.

Another important element in “think about thinking” involves challenging our unrealistic thoughts. This arises from the basis that your thoughts are not always the reality. For example: Thinking that you will fail a test doesn’t mean that you will actually fail. Often we come to these conclusions pre-maturely. Those thoughts are“thinking traps”that we call upon ourselves with out any actual facts. For example: We say statements like, “I know I will mess it up.” “I will never be a success.” “I am a loser.”

Often, we carry these thoughts during our preparation and tests resulting in loss of concentration.

Instead, challenge these “thinking traps” with factual statements such us, “I will not know if I mess up, or not until the results come out.” “Failing in a test does not define my identity.”

As a Christian, your identity is in Christ and your performance in the test will not make you a loser in the sight of God. Irrespective of the test results God can lead you in His ways. Therefore next time when “test anxiety” swells up, remember to be attentive to the anxious thoughts and challenge them. Moreover, take couple of minutes to pray so that God may remind you of your identity in Christ and His love for you. As you take your anxious thoughts captive in this manner, you are taking a step in faith believing that your identity is in Christ and not in the outcome of the test.

March 2019

25

renewing and enriching life

QUIZ–70

Answers for Quiz - 69

SWEET, SOUR, BITTER, POISON

LATE-NIGHT CALLERS

1. Who ate a book that tasted like honey?

2. According to Jeremiah, what kind of grape sets the children’s teeth on edge?

3. What kind of herbs were the Israelites supposed to eat with the Passover meal?

4. Who posed a riddle about finding something sweet in a lion’s carcass?

5. What substance–probably very bitter–did Moses make the people of Israel drink?

6. Who ate a book that was sweet at first but turned bitter afterwards?

7. According to Proverbs, what kind of water is sweet?

8. According to Proverbs, what kind of bread is sweet to a man?

9. Who told the repentant people of Israel to go home and enjoy sweet drinks?

10. In Revelation, what falls on the earth’s waters to make them bitter?

11. According to Proverbs, what sort of person thinks even bitter things are sweet?

The ABC of becoming a Christian

Admit that you are in

need of someone to save you from guilt, shame and bondage or addictions.

Admit that you have violated God’s Laws.

1. An angel (Acts 12:6–17) 2. Judas (John 18:3–12) 3. Nicodemus (John 3:1–2) 4. Jacob (Genesis 32:22–31) 5. The Lord (Exodus 12:29–31) 6. Near Bethlehem (Luke 2:8–16) 7. David and Abishai (1 Samuel 26:7–12) 8. Saul (1 Samuel 28–8) 9. Gideon and his men (Judges 7:19) 10. The Lord (1 Samuel 4:1–14)

Believe that Jesus Christ is the

only One who is able to save you and to bring deliverence and offer forgiveness of sins. Believe that Jesus is the only One to conquer death and is the risen Saviour.

Confess with your

mouth that Jesus is your Lord and submit to His rulership in your life.

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26 March 2019