MAA by Reza Ghatok

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wW‡m¤^i 2011/ †cuŠl 1418 Avj Avwgb cÖKvkb

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: 250.00 UvKv (`yBkZ cÂvk UvKv) ev 15.00 gvwK©b Wjvi

cwi‡ekbvq: eB evRvi, Bmjvgxqv gv‡K©U, bxj‡¶Z, XvKv ivRy cvewj‡KkÝ, 38 evsjv evRvi (2q Zjv), XvKv MY cÖKvkb, KbKW© UvIqvi,KuvUveb, XvKv redtimesbd.com, 6/G, B¯‹vUb Mv‡W©b, XvKv Copyright @ 2011 by Maya Lohani MAA (Mother) a Novel by Reza Ghatok, published by Al Amin, Al-Amin Prokashon, in December 2011 All rights reserved under International and National Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the writer or from the publisher, Al-Amin Prokashon, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Price: BDT. 250.00 US $ 15.00 ISBN: 978-984-33-1112-8

DrmM© Avgvi gv Rbbx cÖqvZ kixdv †eMg ‘There is nothing in the world of art like the songs mother used to sing’ By Billy Sunday

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1. †Kv_vq Avgvi evwo? `~i mb¨vmx †g‡Ni g‡Zv Rxe‡bi Mí¸‡jv K‡Zv iKg b÷vjwRqvq †h ficyi| GKKv‡ji mívqy Rxe‡b Zvi cy•Lvbycy•L Qwe ev e¨vL¨v †Ìqv mwZ¨B KwVb| ciš— we‡K‡ji Doš— †g‡Ni duv‡K duv‡K DuwK †Ìqv m~h©v‡jv‡Ki g‡Zv Rxe‡bi me NUbvMy‡jv‡Z †Kgb GK GKUv Avðvh© wgj| †Kv_vI Avevi Avmgvb Rwgb Awgj| g‡bi Mfx‡i nVvr DuwK w`‡q Avevi ci¶‡Y gnvk~‡bï AZj k~‡b¨ †Kv_vq †h‡bv nvwi‡q hvq me| wkniY mxgvnxb evavi AZ‡j nvwi‡q hvq| wkniY ¯§„wZ n‡q g‡bi †Kv‡bi evB‡i jywK‡q _v‡K| wkniY NUbv AbyNUbvi Rb¥ †`q| wkniY Awewgkª `vbv †e‡a †gN n‡q †KejB D‡o †eovq| wkniY _g‡K _v‡K| wkniY AevK ZvwK‡q †`‡L wek¦gÊj| wkniY NUbv n‡q hvq| wkniY NUbvi Rb¥ †`q| wkniY nvwi‡q hvq| wkniY k~‡b¨ †Kej Wvbv †g‡j D‡o †eovq| NUbvI †mB †_‡K Do‡Z †k‡L| NUbvI †mB †_‡K nvwi‡q hvq| †Kv_vq nvwi‡q hvq NUbv¸‡jv? g‡bi mxgvbvi evB‡i wK Av‡iv †Kv‡bv c„w_ex Av‡Q †hLv‡b wM‡q Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv NUbv¸‡jv G‡K G‡K Rgv nq? A_ev m~h© †Wvevi g‡Zv Rxe‡bi Mí¸‡jvI Amxg AÜKv‡i †Kv_vI Wy‡e hvq| †Kv_vq Wy‡e hvq Rxe‡bi ¯§„wZ¸‡jv? bvwK Rv‡ji g‡Zv GKUv †bUIqvK© ˆZwi K‡i Zvi g‡a¨ Rxe‡bi nvwm Avb›` †e`bv myL `ytL Dc‡fvM Kivi ci †mB Rvj †K‡U w`‡q gvbyl Avevi gnvk~‡b¨ wewjb nq? gvSLv‡bi GB mgqUzKz Zvn‡j wK †Kej †bkvi g‡Zv wKQz NUbvi mv‡_ Rov‡bv| Avi †mB NUbvi †Kv‡bv ïi“ ev †kl †bB| †Kej GKUv AwbwðZ gyn~‡Z©i UMe‡M wKQz Avùvj‡bi bvg wkniY! †Rvqvi fvUvi mv‡_ gvby‡li Rb¥ g„Zzï wK †Kv‡bv m¤úK© Av‡Q? wKs¤^v w`b Avi iv‡Zi mv‡_? A_ev Av‡jv Avi AÜKv‡ii mv‡_? AÜKvi †_‡K Av‡jv‡Z Avmvi ci gvbyl Zvn‡j wK‡mi †bkvq †Qv‡U? Avevi AÜKv‡i wd‡i hvIqv h‡ZvUv wbwðZ Z‡ZvUv mywbwðZ GB Av‡jvq Avmvi gvqv| †mB gvqvi Awewgkª †Nv‡iB Avgiv †Kej gnvk~b¨ †_‡K gnvk~‡b¨ Qz‡U †eovB| nvwi‡q hvB wb‡R‡ì k~‡bï †fZi| k~b¨ †_‡KB nq‡Zv Avgv‡ì DrcwË| ZvB Avgiv Avevi †Kej k~‡b¨ wgwj‡q hvB| Avgiv mevB Avm‡j GK gnvk~‡bï gnv in‡mï g‡a¨ Nywiwdwi wb‡R‡ì †dwi Kwi| hvi cÖjyä D¯‹vwb‡Z Avgiv Gme Kwi, Zvi AvMv‡Mviv Avgiv wKQzB Rvwb bv| Avgiv †Kej †LB nvwi‡q wewjb nB| gnvk~‡bï gnv inm¨gq †mB Mne‡i| Iug †_‡K Avgv‡ì GB Avmv| Avevi Iu‡g Avgv‡ì †mB wbwðZ Mgb| Avmv Avi hvIqvi gvSLv‡b _v‡K wKQz BwZnvm| †mB BwZnv‡m gvby‡li Ae`vb mvgvb¨ wKQz| Avgiv †mB mvgvbï wcQz avIqv Kwi| †Lv`v, fMevb, Ck¦i, MW, ivg, K…ò, nwi| K‡Zv bvg K‡Zv Dcgv †Zvgvi| †Kv_vq jyKve Avwg| †bB †gv‡UI KvbvKwo| †kl‡gl wb‡R wb‡RB j¾¡vq gwi|

†fŠMwjK wn‡me Abyhvqx, DË‡i Avgvi wngvjq Avi `w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvMi| wngvjq †_‡K DrcwË nIqv M½v, hgybv Avi †gNbv b`x e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ nevi Av‡M c„w_exi 20 wWwMÖ 34 wgwbU DËi A¶svk †_‡K 26 wWwMÖ 38 wgwbU DËi A¶vsk ch©š— Ges 88 wWwMÖ 1 wgwbU `w¶Y `ªvwNgv †_‡K 92 wWwMÖ 41 wgwbU `w¶Y `ªvwNgv ch©š— †h eØxc m„wó K‡i‡Q Zvi bvg evsjv‡`k| AvqZb 1,47,570 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi ev 56,977 eM© gvBj| evsjv‡`‡ki cwð‡g fvi‡Zi cwðge½ I wenvi, DË‡i fvi‡Zi Avmvg I Ai“YvPj cÖ‡`k, c~‡e© fvi‡Zi Avmvg, bvMvj¨vÛ, †gNvjq, wÎcyiv, gwbcyi, wg‡Rvivg I gvqvbgvi Ges `w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvMi| fvi‡Zi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbv 4095 wK‡jvwgUvi ev 2550 gvBj Ges gvqvbgv‡ii m‡½ 270 wK‡jvwgUvi ev 168 gvBj| †MvUv evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YfvM e‡½vcmvMi w`‡q †Niv| wngvjq ce©Zgvjvi Mv½Îx DcZvK¨q M½v b`xi DrcwË¯’j| fvi‡Zi ûMjx ch©š— hvi bvg M½v| ûMjx G‡m M½v b`x `yB w`‡K cÖevwnZ| GKUv kvLv ûMjx b`x bvg wb‡q KzPwenvi, ûMjx, cwðge½ n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q| Aci eo kvLvwU M½v bv‡gB cÖevwnZ n‡q evsjv‡`‡ki PuvcvB beveM‡Äi wkeM‡Äi wbKU cÖ‡ek K‡i cÙv bv‡g evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i `w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q| †Mvqvj‡›`i wbKU cÙv Avevi hgybvi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡q cÙv bv‡gB `w¶‡Y AMÖmi n‡q‡Q| Puv`cy‡ii wbKU cÙv cybivq †gNbvi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡q †gNbv bv‡g `w¶‡Y AMÖmi n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q| Kzw÷qvi DË‡i cÙv b`xi GKUv cÖavb kvLv gaygwZi DrcwË| gaygwZi ïi“i As‡ki bvg MovB Avi †kl As‡ki bvg e‡jk¦i| Avi e‡½vcmvM‡ii m‡½ †hLv‡b gaygwZ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q †mB GmUzqvwi gy‡Li bvg nwiYNvUv| nwiYNvUv As‡k gaygwZ 14 wK‡jvwgUvi ev 9 gvBj PIov| M½v b`x †Kv_vI M½v, †Kv_vI fvwMi_x, †Kv_vI ûMjx, †Kv_vI cÙv, †Kv_vI hgybv, †Kv_vI gaygwZ, †Kv_vI MovB, †Kv_vI e‡jk¦i, †Kv_vI beM½v, †Kv_vI BQvgZx, †Kv_vI KvjxM½v bvg aviY K‡i‡Q| bovBj I †MvcvjM‡Äi `w¶‡Y gaygwZi GKwU kvLv Avevi e‡jk¦i bvg wb‡q `w¶‡Y AMÖmi n‡q wc‡ivRcyi I ev‡Minv‡Ui ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q| e‡jk¦‡ii ïi“i w`‡Ki gvwUfv½v BDwbq‡bi eiBeywbqvi `w¶‡Y †nvMjveywbqvi wbKU †hLv‡b `yBfv‡M wef³ n‡q‡Q, hvi GKUv Ask e‡jk¦i bvg wb‡q evwbqvix Avi `kgn‡ji ga¨ w`‡q `w¶‡Y AMÖmi n‡q‡Q| Ab¨ AskwU eywo e‡jk¦i bvg wb‡q †nvMjveywbqv Avi evwbqvixi ga¨ w`‡q c~e©-`w¶‡Y AMÖmi n‡q‡Q| hv Avevi kªxivgKvVxi wbKU gaygwZi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| †nvMjveywbqv Avi evwbqvixi †h As‡k e‡jk¦i b`xi wÎ‡gvnvbv wVK Zvi `w¶Y cv‡k Avgvi

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gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx ZLb dviv°v eva †f‡O †djvi Rb¨ fviZ miKvi‡K Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z 16 †g 1976 mv‡j dviv°v Awfgy‡L js gvP© K‡ib| G‡Z fviZ miKvi Av‡iv †¶u‡c hvq| eÜ K‡i †`q dviv°vi mKj †MU| ¯’wei n‡q hvq cÙvi cvwb PjvPj| dviv°vq cÙvi cvwb e‡Üi cÖwZev‡` evsjv‡`k ZLb Bmy¨wU Avš—©RvwZK A½‡b Zzj‡Z eva¨ nq| †RvU wbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi m‡¤§j‡b Ges RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡ì 31Zg Awa‡ek‡b evsjv‡`k cÙvi cvwb eÈb Bmy¨ DÌvcb K‡i| wecv‡K c‡o hvq fviZ| welqwU ZLb G‡ZvB Rj †Nvjv K‡i †h 1977 mv‡j fvi‡Z AbywôZ mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi djvd‡ji Dci Gi cÖfve mivmwi AvNvZ K‡i| wbe©vP‡b gyiviRx †`kvBi Kv‡Q †n‡i hvb cÖej cÖfvekvjx kªxgwZ Bw›ìv MvwÜ| fvi‡Zi bZzb cÖavbgš¿x gyiviRx †`kvB eva¨ nb evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ cÙvi cvwb eÈb welq wb‡q Av‡cvl Ki‡Z| 1977 mv‡j fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x gyiviRx †`kvB I evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖwm‡W›U wRqvDi ingvb 5 eQ‡ii R‡b¨ cÙvi cvwb eÈb Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡ib| hv 1982 mv‡j †Kv‡bv ai‡bi bevqvb QvovB †kl n‡q hvq| AZtci 1982 mv‡ji 4 A‡±vei evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖwm‡W›U ûmvBb gyn¤§` Gikv` fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kªxgwZ Bw›ìv MvwÜi m‡½ 2 eQ‡ii Rb¨ GKwU †g‡gv‡iÛvg Ae AvÛvi÷vwÛs Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡ib| 1985 mv‡ji 22 b‡f¤î fviZ miKv‡ii m‡½ Av‡iKwU †g‡gv‡iÛvg Ae AvÛvi÷vwÛs Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ n‡jI cÙvi cvwb eÈb wb‡q Zvj evnvbv Pj‡ZB _v‡K| AZtci 1996 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤î fvi‡Zi ivRavbx bqvw`j−x‡Z fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x GBPwW †è †MŠpv I evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv 30 eQ‡ii R‡b¨ cÙvi cvwb eÈb Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡ib| Pzw³‡Z cÖwZ eQi ïK‡bv †gŠmy‡g 1 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K 31 †g mgqKv‡j fviZ evsjv‡`k‡K 35 nvRvi wKD‡mK cvwb w`‡Z ivRx nq| evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j ev weGbwc GB Pzw³ †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| 2001 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vi‡ii mvaviY wbe©vP‡b weGbwc Avevi ¶gZvq Avm‡j fvi‡Zi m‡½ 30 eQ‡ii M½vi cvwb eÈb Pzw³ Avev‡iv gyL _ye‡i c‡o| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v cÖvq 18 †KvwU| `w¶YvÂ‡ji cÖvq 6 †KvwU gvbyl mivmwi cÙvi cvwbi Dci wbf©ikxj| cÙvq cvwb †bB gv‡b n‡jv GB 6 †KvwU gvby‡li K…wlKvR †_‡K ïi“ K‡i ˆ`bw›`b hveZxq Kvh©Kjvc Amvi n‡q hvq| cÙvq cvwb †bB| ZvB e‡½vcmvMi †_‡K †bvbvRj G‡m GB AÂ‡ji K…wl dmj bó K‡i †`q| cÙvq cvwb †bB| ZvB `w¶YvÂ‡ji 57 wU eo b`x Ges Pvi nvRvi Lvjwej Ges AmsL¨ Rjvkq bó n‡Z ïi“ nq| cÙvi Dci wbf©ikxj IB 57wU eo b`x‡Z Pi cov ïi“ K‡i| b`x¸‡jv GLb me giv b`x| `w¶YvÂ‡ji mKj

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3. gyÝxevwoi †g‡q Avwg gyÝx Avwe`yi ingvb Avgvi `v`yfvB| †MvUv `w¶Ye‡½B `v`yfvBi cwiwPwZ wQj| KziÕAvb I nvw`m kwi‡di Dci Zuvi wQj e¨vcK Rvbv‡kvbv| MniWv½v gv`ªvmv †_‡K wcÖwÝcvj gvIjvbv KzZzeDÏxb mv‡ne cÖvqB Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z Avm‡Zb| KvPvwi N‡i e‡m `v`yfvBÕi m‡½ AvÇv w`‡Zb| MÖv‡gi A‡bK Ávbx gvbyl ZLb Ibv‡ì K_v ïb‡Z Avm‡Zb| ev‡KiMÄ †_‡K KjKvZv Avi ei¸bv †_‡K Kzw÷qv ch©š— `v`yfvBÕi ZLb wePiY wQj| ag©xq mfv mgv‡ek Ges wgjv` gvnwdj Dcj‡¶ Gme RvqMv †_‡K `v`y fvBÕi bv‡g cÖvqB Avgš¿Y cÎ Avm‡Zv| `v`yfvB Lye cvIqvidzj Pkgv co‡Zb| Avgiv †QvUiv Zuvi Kv‡Q wKQz Rvb‡Z PvB‡j gv_v wbPz K‡i Pkgvi Dci †_‡K Ggbfv‡e ZvKv‡Zb Avi wgwUwgwU K‡i nvm‡Zb †h †mB ¯§„wZ †Kv‡bvw`bB †fvjvi bq| `v`yfvBÕi wQj GK AvRe cvVkvjv| †mB cvVkvjvi cwÊr GKgvÎ `v`yfvB| Aviwe, AsK, evsjv Avi Bs‡iwR cov‡Zb `v`yfvB| `v`yfvBÕi B¯‹zj †_‡K cvk RyU‡j Zvici mevB cÖvBgvwi hvevi K_v fve‡Zv| Aviwe Avi As‡K fv‡jv wQjvg Avwg| evsjv Avi Bs‡iwR fv‡jv Kivi R‡b¨ ZvB ïµev‡iI Avgv‡ì QzwU wgj‡Zv bv| `v`yfvBÕi Kv‡Q eB LvZv wb‡q em‡Z n‡Zv Avgv‡ì| `v`yfvB Aek¨ covïbvi R‡b¨ Avgv‡ì Lye †ewk Pvc w`‡Zb bv| eo eo me †KZve Ly‡j wb‡q `v`yfvB em‡Zb Zuvi j¤^v †e‡Zi BwR †Pqv‡i| Avgiv emZvg gvwU‡Z cvwU wewQ‡q| cov bv cvi‡j Zvi ùvwo‡q _vKvi wbqg wQj| Avi iwk` gyÝx RyÕgvi Avhvb w`‡jB A‡Uv‡gwUK QzwU n‡q †h‡Zv ïµev‡ii Avgv‡ì †mB we‡kl B¯‹zj| `v`yfvBiv wZb fvB GK †evb| Avwe`yi ingvb, Lvwj`yi ingvb, gv‡R`yi ingvb Avi Kgjv †eMg| Kgjv †eMg mevi †QvU n‡jI Zvi we‡q n‡jv mevi Av‡M| c‡i Kgjv †eM‡gi bb` mwLbv evbyi m‡½B `v`y fvBÕi we‡q nq| `v`y fvB Avi mwLbv evbyÕi wQj wZbwU mš—vb| mv‡eiv evby, †gvRv‡¤§j nK Avi nv‡Riv evby| PZz_© mš—v‡bi R‡b¥i mgq mwLbv evby gviv hvb| Avgiv `v`x‡K †`L‡Z cvwiwb| `v`yfvB Avì K‡i Zuvi `yB †g‡q mv‡eiv evby‡K WvK‡Zb eo– Avi nv‡Riv evby‡K WvK‡Zb †QvUz| eo– Avi †QvUzi we‡q n‡jv Aí eq‡m| †mB my‡hv‡M †gvRv‡¤§j nK hvi WvK bvg wQj wgRy Lye `yóz n‡q hvq| B¯‹z‡j hvevi e`‡j e‡jk¦i Avi MÖv‡gi eo eo Mv‡Q P‡j Zvi wePiY| MÖv‡gi mevB wgRy‡K ZLb b¨vVv bv‡g WvK‡ZB †ewk cQ›` Ki‡Zv| KviY †hLv‡b wcw”P‡ì †Kv‡bv ANUb NU‡Zv †mLv‡bB wgRyi bvg †kvbv †h‡Zv| ZvB mevB Zv‡K ZLb b¨vVv bv‡gB †ewk wPb‡Zv| gvÎ †PŠÏ eQi eq‡m b¨vVvi we‡q n‡jv cv‡ki evwoi iwng gyÝxi GKgvÎ †g‡q fvbyweweÕi m‡½| we‡qi ci b¨vVvi PwiÎ †Mj G‡Kev‡i cv‡ë| MÖv‡gi me‡P‡q †R‡›Uj †Q‡ji cwiP‡q wgRy ZLb msmvi Ki‡Z jvMj|

iwng gyÝxÕi `yB †Q‡j GK †g‡q| ikx` gyÝx, fvbywewe I Kwig gyÝx| GKgvÎ †g‡q fvbyweweÕi we‡qi c‡ii eQi eo †Q‡j ikx` gyÝxi we‡q w`‡jb iwng gyÝx| wKš‘ †eŠ-fv‡Zi w`b AKvj K‡jivq gviv †M‡jb wZwb| we‡qi Avb›` †kl ch©š— †kv‡K cwibZ n‡jv| †MvUv MÖv‡g ZLb †kv‡Ki gvZg| Avgv‡ì gmwR‡ì Bgvg wQ‡jb iwng gyÝx| Zuvi g„Zz¨‡Z gmwR‡` GKUv msKU m„wó n‡jv| c‡ii ïµevi RyÕgvi ci Zvi mgvavb Ki‡jb `v`yfvB gyÝx Avwe`yi ingvb| `v`yfvB †NvlYv w`‡jbÑ hyeK ikx` gyÝx-B n‡eb iwng gyÝxÕi mwZ¨Kv‡ii DËivaxKvi| †mB †_‡K ikx` gyÝx Avgv‡ì gmwR‡ì Bgvg| Ggwb‡Z ikx` gyÝx Zuvi evevi mg‡qI Avhvb w`‡Zb| fvix my‡ijv K‡É ikx` gyÝx Avhvb †`b| †fvi‡ejvq MÖv‡gi mevi Nyg fv‡O ikx` gyÝxÕi my‡ijv K‡Éi Avhvb ï‡b| ikx` gyÝx gmwR‡ì bZzb Bgvg nIqvq †QvU‡ì g‡aÏ ZLb gmwR‡` hvevi wnwiK c‡i †Mj| gyÝx Lvwj`yi ingvb wQ‡jb `v`yfvBÕi †P‡q `yB eQ‡ii †QvU| wKš‘ `v`yfvBÕi we‡qi c‡ii eQiB wZwb we‡q Ki‡jb mwLbv evbyÕi †QvU †evb nvwmbv evby‡K| mwLbv evby Avi nvwmbv evby `yB †evb| Avevi Zuv‡ì we‡q n‡q‡Q gyÝx Avwe`yi ingvb Avi gyÝx Lvwj`yi ingvb `yB fvB‡qi m‡½| GB wb‡q Dfq cwiev‡i ZLb Pig Kjn †`Lv w`j| KviY, cÖ_g we‡qwU n‡qwQj Dfq cwiev‡ii me© m¤§wZµ‡g| Avi wØZxq we‡qwU n‡jv Lvwj` Avi nvwmbv evbyÕi cvjv‡bvi gva¨‡g| wZb eQi ch©š— Lvwj`yi ingvb Avi nvwmbv evby gaygwZi Icv‡i euvkevwoqvq GK wbKU AvwZ¥‡qi evwo‡Z cvwj‡qwQ‡jb| c‡i `v`yfvB D‡`¨vM wb‡qB Lvwj`‡K evwo‡Z wdwi‡q Avb‡jb| KviY, IB mgq †QvUfvB gv‡R‡ì we‡q| gyÝx gv‡R`yi ingvb we‡q Ki‡jb e‡jk¦i b`xi Icv‡i eiBeywbqvi Kv‡mg gyÝxÕi †QvU †g‡q Zv‡niv evby‡K| †eŠ-fv‡Zi w`b Lvwj` Avi gv‡R‡ì eD‡ì gyÝxevwo‡Z GKm‡½ eiY K‡i †bIqv nj| gyÝx evwo‡Z Avev‡iv mevB MxwZ bvU¨ Mvb evRbv Ki‡jv| MÖv‡gi A‡b‡K ZLb GB `vex Ki‡Z jvM‡jb †h gyÝx evwo‡Z Mvb evRbv n‡q‡Q| gmwR` Avi IB evwo‡Z ivLv hvq bv| nq gyÝx evwo †_‡K gmwR` †Kv‡bv wbi‡c¶ RvqMvq ¯—vbvš—i Ki‡Z n‡e, bB‡j IB `vexi c‡¶i †KD Avi gyÝx evwoi gmwR‡` RyÕgvi bvgvR co‡Z Avm‡e bv| ïi“ n‡jv gmwR` wb‡q MÖv‡g `yB c‡¶i g‡a¨ Kjn| IB Kjn ZLb Avm‡j gyÝx Avi wkK`vi‡ì g‡a¨B e¨vcK AvKv‡i Qwo‡qwQj| Ab¨ wKQz †jvK ZLb gyÝx evwoi m‡½ wkK`vi‡ì Kjn †ek Dc‡fvM KiwQj| Dfq c‡¶ Zviv ZLb bvbv ai‡bi ¸Re Qwo‡qwQj| Avi ¸Re ax‡i ax‡i Ggb gvÎv aviY K‡iwQj †h Zv †kl ch©š— jovB‡q iƒc wbj|

cÖwZ eQi ANªvY-†cuŠl gv‡m gyÝx evwoi m‡½ wkK`vi evwoi jovB GKUv HwZ‡n¨ iƒc wbj| mviv eQi bvbv ai‡bi ¸Re Dfq c‡¶i g‡a¨ PvjvPvwj nq| ANÖvY gvm Avm‡j Zv fqsKi AvKvi aviY K‡i| ZLb GK ckjv Dfq c‡¶ gvivgvwi nq| GB gvivgvwi‡Z Xvj kiwK ivg`vÕi cÖ‡qvMI ïi“ n‡Z _v‡K| †MvUv `w¶YvÂ‡j gyÝx Avi wkK`vi‡ì HwZ‡nï IB Kjn †kl ch©š— AvwacZ¨ we¯— v‡ii jovB‡q iƒc wbj| ïi“ n‡jv Dfq c‡¶ kw³ evov‡bvi †Ljv| kw³ evov‡bvi †Ljv ej‡Z eo †Mvôx‡Z †Q‡j ev †g‡q we‡q w`‡q bZzb AvZ¥xq‡ì wekvj kw³‡K wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b Kv‡R jvMv‡bv| Ggwb‡Z gyÝxiv wkK`vi‡ì Zzjbvq ab m¤úwË‡Z GwM‡q wQj| hv Avevi bZzb kw³ ms‡hvR‡bI gyÝx‡ì GwM‡q ivLj| `kMÖv‡gi me eo eo †Mvôxi m‡½ gyÝx‡ì bZzb K‡i AvZ¥xqZv nIqv ïi“ n‡jv| wKš‘ eQi Ny‡i ANÖvY †cuŠl gvm Avm‡jB KvBR¨v jvMZ gyÝx Avi wkK`viiv| wgRy Avi fvbyweweÕi cÖ_g mš—vb nj †Q‡j| `v`yfvB gyÝx Avwe`yi ingvb gyÝx evwo Avi wkK`vi evwoi `xN© Kjn e‡Ü GKwU D‡`¨vM MÖnb Ki‡jb| bvZx gyÝx Ave`ym mvËv‡ii gy‡L fvZ Abyôv‡b wkK`vi evwoi mevB‡K wbgš¿Y Ki‡jb| wkK`vi evwoi †jvKRb `ya-fvZ Abyôv‡b `v`yfvB gyÝx Avwe`yi ingvb‡K cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡jb †h GLb †_‡K Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡NvwlZ IB Kjn eÜ _vK‡e| `yB MÖ“‡ci IB Avb›` †gjvq A‡NvwlZ IB Kjn e‡Üi ¯§viK wn‡m‡e Zviv bZzb K‡i Avevi AvZ¥xqZv cvZv‡jb| ZLb Lvwj‡ì eD nvwmbv evby wQ‡jb wZb gv‡mi †cvqvwZ| Iw`‡K wkK`vi evwoi †gvKvg wkK`v‡ii eD †Rv‡jLv weweI ZLb bq gv‡mi †cvqvwZ| wVK n‡jv gyÝx Lvwj`yi ingvb Avi †gvKvg wkK`v‡ii hw` †Q‡j I †g‡q nq Zvn‡j Zv‡ì g‡a¨ we‡q †Ìqv n‡e| Avi IB we‡qi gva¨‡g wPi we`vq †b‡e `yB MÖ“‡ci Kjn| gyÝx Avi wkK`vi‡ì g‡a¨ ZLb bZzb K‡i m¤ú‡K©i DbœwZ n‡Z _vK‡jv| Dfq MÖ“‡c †Kv‡bv †QvULvU Abyôvb _vK‡jI ci¯úi ci¯úi‡K wbgš¿Y †Ìqvi †iIqvR Pvjy n‡jv| gyÝx Avwe`yi ingv‡bi bvZx Ave`ym mvËv‡ii `y‡a-fvZ Abyôv‡bi c‡ii gv‡mB †gvKvg wkK`v‡ii eD †Rv‡jLv wewe GKUv cyÎ mš—vb cÖme Ki‡jb| †Q‡ji bvg ivLv nq Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖeZ©K nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (m.)-Gi bvgvbymv‡i †gvnv¤§` imyj wkK`vi| mevB Zv‡K imyj bv‡gB WvK‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| KviY, mevi aviYv ¯^qs †Lv`v Dfq c‡¶i Kjn wggvsmvq ivRx n‡q Zv‡ì wm×vš—‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q‡Qb| imy‡ji R‡b¥i ci Dfq cÖ“‡c Avev‡iv bZzb K‡i GK ckjv aygavg Mi“ RevB K‡i fywi †fuvR Kij| Gi wVK Qq gvm c‡i Lvwj‡ì eD nvwmbv evby GKwU Kb¨v mš—vb cÖme Ki‡jb| Avev‡iv Dfq MÖ“‡c Avb‡›ì ayg ïi“ n‡jv| `v`yfvB gyÝx Avwe`yi ingvb Lvwj‡ì †g‡qwUi bvg ivL‡jb Av‡qkv evby| wZwb

ZLb hyw³ w`‡jb †h nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (i.)-Gi cÖ_g wewe Lvw`Rv (i.) wQ‡jb Ibvi †P‡q 15 eQ‡ii eo| ZvB Lvwj‡`i †g‡qi bvg Ibvi wØZxq ¯¿x Av‡qkv (i.)-Gi bvgvbymv‡iB ivLv n‡jv| G‡Z †KD †Kv‡bv AvcwË Ki‡jb bv| MÖv‡gi mevB Rv‡bb †gvKvg wkK`v‡ii †Q‡j imyj wkK`v‡ii m‡½B Lvwj` gyÝxÕi †g‡q Av‡qkv evbyÕi we‡q n‡e| †mB Avb‡›` bZzb K‡i Avevi Dfq MÖ“‡c ayg avg K‡i fywi †fuvR n‡jv| wgRy Avi fvbyi mvZwU mš—vb| GKwU †Q‡j QqwU †g‡q| Ave`ym mvËvi Ii‡d QvZz, kvwn`v †eMg, kwidv †eMg Ii‡d QzwU, †g‡ni“b wewe, iwgPv †eMg, Avwdqv †eMg I Avw¤^qv †eMg Ii‡d KzwU| Gig‡a¨ eo eywR, Avgvi Avi †g‡ni“‡bi we‡qi ci QvZz fvBÕi we‡q nq| c‡i iwgPv Avi Avwdqvi we‡q nq GKmv‡_| Avi KzwUÕi we‡q wQj evev gvÕi RxeÏkvq gyÝx evwo‡Z me©‡kl †Kv‡bv eo Drme| †mB Drm‡e Avgv‡`i †Q‡j‡g‡qivI wM‡qwQj| eo eywRi ZLb cuvP †Q‡j `yB †g‡q, Avgvi ZLb Pvi †Q‡j wZb †g‡q, †g‡ni“‡bi ZLb wZb †Q‡j wZb †g‡q, iwgPvi ZLb `yB †Q‡j, Avwdqvi ZLb `yB †Q‡j wZb †g‡q Avi QvZz fvBÕi GK †Q‡j wZb †g‡q| Giv mevB KzwUÕi we‡q‡Z gyÝxevwo‡Z Dcw¯’Z wQj| 4. k¦ïievwo Avgvi bZzb Rxeb evwbqvixi me‡P‡q ab©vX¨ cwiev‡i û¾¡r Avjx nvIjv`v‡ii eo †Q‡j Rqbyj Av‡e`xb nvIjv`vi Ii‡d †M`yÕi m‡½ Avgvi we‡q n‡jv| gvÎ bq eQi eq‡m k¦ïi evwo G‡m Avwg †cjvg wekvj GK msmvi| †QvÆ Avwg ZLb msmv‡ii Kx eywS? Iw`‡K Avgvi k¦ïi mv‡n‡ei Avevi `yB cZœx| eo cZœx Avgvi kvïwo| Avi †QvU cZœx Avgvi †÷c kvïwo| Avgvi kvïwoi nv‡ZB Avgvi msmvi we`¨vq nv‡ZLwo| msmv‡ii hveZxq KvR GKUv GKUv K‡i Avgv‡K wZwb nv‡Zbv‡Z †kLv‡jb| Kxfv‡e gvQ fvwR Ki‡Z nq, Kxfv‡e †cuqvR KvU‡Z nq, fv‡Z K‡ZvUzKz cvwb w`‡Z nq, Wvj Kxfv‡e ivbœv Ki‡Z nq, KLb Wv‡j evMvi w`‡Z nq, †Kvb c×wZ‡Z gv‡Qi †Svj †ewk my¯v^ `y nq, †Kvb gv‡Q †Kvb ZiKvix fv‡jv hvq, Kxfv‡e wcVv evbv‡Z nq, Kxfv‡e gvsm ivbœv Ki‡Z nq BZ¨vw` me wel‡q Avgvi kvïwo Avgv‡K wbR nv‡Z wkwL‡q‡Qb| Avgvi we‡qi ci k¦ïi evwo‡Z †`Lv w`j GKUv AbvKvw•LZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| Avgvi kvïwo Avi †QvU kvïwo wg‡j †mB cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| Avgvi †QvU kvïwo ZLb my‡hvM †c‡jB Avgvi Kv‡Ri fyj a‡ib| †mB NUbv †_‡K msmv‡i ïi“ n‡jv GKUv Akvwš—| Avgvi k¦ïi mv‡ne msmv‡i Akvwš— GK`g mn¨ Ki‡jb bv| wZwb mevB‡K †W‡K msmvi `yB fvM K‡i w`‡jb| †QvU kvïwo, Zuvi GK †Q‡j AvdRvj

†nv‡mb Avi `yB †g‡q †gv‡gbv Avi Av‡gbv‡K wb‡q k¦ïi mv‡ne Avjv`v LvIqv ïi“ Ki‡jb| Ab¨w`‡K Avgiv ¯^vgx-¯¿x `yBRb, Avgvi bb` i“we, †ejv, AvQz, gwiqg, Rwibv Avi †èi wSby I gvby‡K wb‡q Avgvi kvïwo ïi“ Ki‡jb Av‡iKUv msmvi| nVvr K‡i wekvj cwiev‡ii GB fvMvfvwM‡Z Avgvi ¯^vgxi ZLb †LB nviv‡bvi `kv| wKš‘ Avgvi kvïwo Lye k³ gvbyl| wZwb wKQz‡ZB Av‡cvl Ki‡Z ivRx bb| eo †Q‡j‡K †W‡K mivmwi eywS‡q w`‡jb nq Zv‡K GB msmv‡ii `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z n‡e| Avi Zv Zuvi Bb÷ªvKkvb Abyhvqx Pvjv‡Z n‡e| bB‡j wZwb †mvRv mewKQz †d‡j ev‡ci evwo‡Z P‡j hv‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgvi k¦ïi mv‡n‡ei m‡½ GB wb‡q Av‡iv †`b ìevi Ki‡eb| wKš‘ GKm‡½ Avi `yB cwiev‡ii _vKv Pj‡e bv| Avgvi k¦ïi mv‡ne ZLb Avgv‡ì‡K wKQz Rwg w`‡jb| Avi ej‡jb, GUv w`‡q ïi“ K‡iv| Avwg h‡Zvw`b RxweZ AvwQ Z‡Zvw`b Aš—Z bv †L‡q KvD‡K gi‡Z †`‡evbv| Avgiv ZvB †g‡b wbjvg| wKQz w`‡bi g‡a¨B Avgvi eo bb` i“weÕi we‡qi m¤§Ü Avmj| cvÎ †Zgb wkw¶Z bb| wKš‘ cv‡Îi evev Avgv‡ì MÖv‡gi cÖ_g nvRx mv‡ne| AvjnvR¡ Lvb gyRv‡ni Luvb mv‡ne bv‡gB whwb me‡P‡q †ewk cwiwPwZ cvb| Luvb mv‡n‡ei eo †Q‡ji m‡½ Lye aygavg K‡iB Avgvi eo bb` i“weÕi we‡q n‡jv| eQi bv Nyi‡ZB †g‡R bb` †ejvi R‡b¨ m¤§Ü Avmj| Gevi cv‡Îi cwiPq ZvivI nvIjv`vi| Zuv‡ìI c~e© cyi“l‡ì Avw` wbevm KvDLvjx| Avi Iw`‡K †QvU kvïwoi †Kvj Ry‡o Avmj Avgvi †QvU bb` †eMg| fvix myiZ Zvi| wgk‡ii †n‡jb A_ev wMÖ‡mi wK¬I‡cUªvi g‡Zv iƒc Zvi| Zvi nvwm‡Z AvKvk †_‡K gy³v L‡m c‡i| Zvi Kvbœvq mgy‡`ª R‡jv”Q¡vm nq| †eM‡gi R‡b¥i ci fvM nIqv `yB cvwiev‡ii g‡a¨ eÜb †h‡bv Av‡iv my`„p n‡jv| GLb Avi evB‡i †_‡K Kv‡iv †Ui cvIqvi Dcvq †bB †h GB evwo‡Z `yB `yBUv msmvi| GB evwo‡Z Avjv`v Pzjvq ivbœv nq| GB evwo‡Z `yB mZx‡bi `yB Ni| GB evwo‡Z `yB mZx‡bi PviwU †Q‡j AvUwU †g‡q| fvB †evb‡ì †Zv †KD †Kv‡bv fv‡eB Avjv`v Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| mevB g‡b Ki‡e Giv ev‡ivRb GKB gv‡qi mš—vb| GKB Avì †mœ‡n mevB eo n‡Z jvMj| GKB †iv` e„wó Kv`vgvwU‡Z Zviv üÏZv Qwo‡q gvbyl n‡Z jvMj| hv †`‡L e‡jk¦‡ii ZLb fvix Avb›`| fvix myL `~i AvKv‡ki Zviv‡ì| wgwUwgwU wbfywbfy nvwmgyL K‡i †ivR †h‡bv AvKvk †m K_vB †kvbvq Avgv‡ì| RMr kvwš—i wekªv‡g Avb‡›` Rv‡M n‡l© Kuv`vq| Rxeb h‡Á †m fvix Avb›` cy®ú †Ljv| †m †Ljv †`L‡Z †`L‡ZB RMr Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q Av‡iv †ewk cwiwPZ n‡q I‡V| Avgiv cwicvk¦©‡K wPb‡Z _vwK| Avgiv cÖwZ‡ekx‡K Avcb

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Avgvi Aš—‡ii †Mvcb wQ‡`ª GKUv wPb wPb e¨_v ïay †Mvc‡b WyK‡i I‡V| c„w_exi mewKQz‡K Avgvi Acvw_©e g‡b nq| AÜKvi Ke‡ii mKj wb¯—äZv †h‡bv Avgv‡K MÖvm K‡i‡Q| Avgvi †PvL ïay Avgvi †QvÆ †Q‡jwU‡K Lyu‡R †d‡i| Zey Rxeb Avgvi wbgMœ AwMœwkLv n‡q wgwUwgwU R¡j‡Z _v‡K| wVK `yÕeQi c‡iB Avgvi N‡i Av‡m Av‡iKwU Puv`gyL| Avgvi †Q‡j| Avgvi wcÖq nviv‡bv gvwbK| Avgvi KwjRvi UzKiv| Zv‡K bZzb K‡i wd‡i †c‡q Rxeb Avgvi ax‡i ax‡i ¯^vfvweK n‡Z ïi“ Kij| Rxe‡bi mewKQz‡Z Avevi nvwm Avb‡›ì iO DuwK w`j| Aš—‡ii A`„k¨ †Kv‡b R‡g _vKv bxj Kó †Kv_vq †h‡bv nvwi‡q †Mj| Avwg ZLb Rxe‡bi R‡g _vKv Lv‡g bZzb K‡i Av‡jv †`L‡Z _vwK| mgq †c‡j Avwg iex›`ªbv‡_i Mvb ïwb| AvR ïbjvg Kwe ¸i“i GB MvbwUÑ Gevi DRvo K‡i jI †n Avgvi hv-wKQz m¤^j| wd‡i PvI, wd‡i PvI, wd‡i PvI I‡Mv PÂj \ ˆPÎiv‡Zi †ejvq bvnq GK cÖn‡ii †Ljvq Avgvi ¯^cb¯îƒwcbx cÖv‡Y `vI †c‡Z AÂj \ hw` GB wQj †Mv g‡b, hw` cig w`‡bi ¯§iY NyPvI Pig AhZ‡b, Z‡e fvOv †Ljvi N‡i bvnq ùvovI ¶‡bK-Z‡iÑ †m_v ayjvq ayjvq QovI †njvq wQbœ dz‡ji `j \

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6. loFZz Avgvi wbmM© K. el©vKvj eBc‡Î Avlvp kªveY‡K evsjvi el©vKvj ejv n‡jI Avgvi †`Lv el©vi AwfÁZv wKš‘ wfbœ| hwÌ Avlvp gv‡m el©vi AvMgb| wKš‘ †MvUv Avlvp kªveY fv`ª gv‡m ficyi e„wó nq| Avwk¦Y gv‡mI wKQz e„wó _v‡K| `yMv© c~Rv †kl nevi ci Avm‡j Avbyôvwbfv‡e el©v evsjv‡`k †_‡K we`vq †bq| A_©¨vr Avlvp kªveY fv`ª Avwk¦Y GB Pvi gv‡m evsjv‡`‡k e„wó ev`jv n‡Z †`‡LwQ Avwg| eBc‡Îi Avlvp kªveY el©vKv‡ji m‡½ ev¯—‡ei el©vi GUvB Zdvr| Avlvp gv‡mi 7 ZvwiL Avgvi wbkv‡bi Rb¥| Avi kªveY gv‡mi 15 ZvwiL Rb¥ Avgvi †g‡R †g‡q iZœvi| Lye e„wó n‡”Q| †g‡Ni ¸wo ¸wo WvK Avi fvix e„wói mgq e‡jk¦i Lye bv‡P| e‡jk¦‡ii GB bvP‡bi gv‡b n‡jv Bwjk ZLb R‡ji Dc‡i †Ljv Ki‡e| e‡jk¦‡ii `yB cv‡ii gvbyl GB mgq Bwjk aivi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq bvg‡e| †K K‡Zv Bwjk †c‡jv, Kvi Bwjk me‡P‡q eo †mB Lei †kvbv hv‡e c‡ii w`b| Bwjk aivi mgq †bŠKvq _vKvi Avb›`B Avjv`v| Rvj †Zvjvi ci †MvUv †bŠKvB kv`v n‡q hvq iƒcvjx Bwj‡k| Rvj †_‡K Bwjk Qvov‡ZI †h Kx gRv Zv hviv †Kv‡bv w`b K‡iwb Zviv Rxe‡bI eyS‡e bv| Bwjk aivi R‡b¨ e„wói w`‡b Avwg KL‡bv QvZz fvBÕi m‡½ KL‡bv bvRy PvPvi m‡½ KL‡bv ivRy PvPvi m‡½ KL‡bv dwUK fvBÕi m‡½ KL‡bv mvRy fvBÕi m‡½ KL‡bv †QvU gvgvi m‡½ KL‡bv ivOv fvBÕi m‡½ K‡Zvevi †h e‡jk¦‡i †b‡gwQ †mB wn‡me †Kv_vI †jLv †bB| e„wó bvg‡jB †h †hLv‡b _vKzK nv‡Zi KvR †i‡L †mvRv †bŠKv wb‡q †b‡g ci‡Zv e‡jk¦‡i| e‡jk¦‡ii ZLb fvix my›ì iƒc| GB iƒ‡ci m‡½ wg‡k Av‡Q fvix my›ì wSwiwSwi e„wó| e„wói m‡½ cvj−v w`‡q ZLb evZv‡mi Kx †h †`vjvwb| Zvi m‡½ `y‡j `y‡j I‡V gvQ aiv bvI| †`vj †L‡Z †L‡Z hLb Rvj †Zvjv nq †bŠKvq ZLb Bwj‡ki QUdUvwb †`L‡Z fvix gRv jv‡M| Rvj †_‡K Bwjk †QvUv‡Z †Zgb †Kv‡bv cvi`k©xZv jv‡M bv| ïay k³ nv‡Z Bwj‡ki gy‡Li g‡a¨ Wvb nv‡Zi PviUv AvOyj XywK‡q w`‡jB Bwjk aiv hvq mn‡R| Avi Rvj †_‡K Qvwo‡q Bwjk ïay †bŠKvi m‡½ _vKv euv‡ki LywÂ‡Z †Q‡o w`‡jB n‡jv| Bwjk GK`g †Ui cvq bv †m †Kv_vq Av‡Q| KviY, Rvj †_‡K †m Avevi b`xi R‡ji g‡a¨B IB euv‡ki LywÂ‡Z PzcPvc _v‡K| Bwjk †h aiv ci‡jv Zv †m †Ui cvq Avgiv euv‡ki LywÂ wb‡q K~‡j Avmvi ci| ZLb Avi Zvi wKQzB Kivi _v‡K bv| jR¡vq QUdUvwbI K‡i bv †m| me‡P‡q †`L‡Z my›ì eo Bwjk| eo Bwjk †L‡ZI †ewk gRv| †QvU‡ejvq Bwj‡ki †h K‡Zv iK‡gi AvB‡Ug †LZvg Avgiv GLb Zv meB ¯§„wZ| k‡l© Bwjk, fybv Bwjk,

†Svj Bwjk, Bwjk wLPzwi, Bwjk †cvjvD, Bwjk gÊv, Bwjk †Kvg©v, Bwjk fZ©v, Bwjk Kvwo, Bwjk wc‡jv, cvš—v Bwjk Av‡iv K‡Zv iK‡gi Bwjk| Bwj‡ki wWg w`‡q evbv‡bv n‡Zv wWw¤^| eiB AvPvi w`‡q wWw¤^ †L‡Z fvix gRv| GLb Avi e‡jk¦‡ii †mB †hŠebI †bB †mB iƒcvjx BwjkI †bB| e‡jk¦‡i GLb e„wói mgqI Bwjk cvIqv hvq bv| KviY, Bwj‡ki Rb¨ me‡P‡q †ewk ìKvi †Rvqvi fvUv| e‡jk¦‡i GLb Avi ej‡Z †M‡j †Rvqvi fvUv †bB| dviv°vq cÙv b`x‡Z eva †èvi ci †_‡KB e‡jk¦‡i Bwjk Kg‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Avi e‡jk¦‡iI ZLb †_‡KB Pi ci‡Z ïi“ K‡i| e‡jk¦‡i ZLb Bwjk QvovI aiv ci‡Zv eo eo cv½vm, AvBo, evDk gvQ| GK ai‡bi kv`v †Pjv gvQ cvIqv †h‡Zv ZLb| mevB ejZ mvMy‡i †Pjv| j¤^vq Qq BwÂ †_‡K `k BwÂ| wPKb j¤^v Mob| G‡Kev‡i kv`v| fvix my›ì †`L‡Z| †L‡ZI fvix my¯^v`y| GLb giv e‡jk¦‡i gvQI †bB| Av‡M †hme gvQ cyKz‡i cvIqv †h‡Zv GLb giv e‡jk¦‡iI †mB me gvQ gv‡S gv‡S cvIqv hvq| †hgb evBjv, ˆK, †kvj, MRvj, wPZj, i“B BZ¨vw`| e‡jk¦i b`xI gviv †Mj| GB AÂj †_‡K gv‡Qi ivRZ¡I †kl n‡jv| e‡jk¦i Avi gvQ †h‡bv GKm‡½ DavI n‡jv| GLb Avi el©vKv‡j e‡jk¦‡ii gv‡Qi Dci GK`g wbf©i Kiv hvq bv| GLb mvMi †_‡K evRv‡i A‡bK gvQ Av‡m| Avi Lvj ev cyKz‡ii gv‡Qi DciB mevi wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| A_P †QvU‡ejvq ïay e‡jk¦‡i `ycy‡i †MvQ‡ji mgq gvQ ai‡Z bvg‡jB Pj‡Zv| wZb w`‡bi Lvev‡ii R‡b¨ †h cwigvY gvQ jvM‡e Zv gvÎ `yB NÈvq aiv †h‡Zv| Avi GLb wZb w`b Ny‡i †h nvU Avm‡e †mB nv‡U hw` gvQ Av‡m Zvi R‡b¨ A‡c¶v Kivi wbqg| nv‡U gvQ Av‡m bvB| gv‡b gv‡Qi weKí wWg, kvK, mewR, gyiwM A_ev fZ©v Avi Wv‡ji Dci wbf©i Kiv Qvov Dcvq †bB| cÙvq dviv°v ev‡a me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZ n‡q‡Q `w¶YvÂ‡ji gvby‡li| GLb Avi Avgiv e‡jk¦‡ii gvQ †L‡Z cvwi bv| GLb Avgv‡ì nvU evRv‡iI gv‡Qi †Zgb mgvMg †bB| e‡jk¦‡ii gvQ GLb iƒcK_vq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Avgv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì e‡jk¦‡ii gv‡Qi Mí †kvbv‡j Lye AevK we¯§q wb‡q gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K| †h‡bv evwb‡q evwb‡q †Kv‡bv iƒcK_vi Mí †kvbvw”Q I‡ì| el©vKv‡j ZvB GL‡bv me‡P‡q †ewk g‡b c‡o †QvU‡ejvi e‡jk¦‡i gvQ aivi NUbv| K‡Zv †h e„wó‡Z wf‡RwQ GKUz R¡i ch©š— Avm‡Zv bv| Avi GLb Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Ggb Ae¯’v n‡q‡Q †h †Q‡j‡g‡qiv GKUz e„wó‡Z wfR‡jB R¡i mw`© Kvwk wKQz bv wKQz n‡eB| GK e‡jk¦i b`x gviv hvIqvq †MvUv `w¶YvÂ‡j ïay

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bv n‡ZB ïi“ nq avb cvKv| fv`ª gv‡mi 3 Zvwi‡L Avgvi Fkv‡bi Rb¥| Avi Avwk¦Y gv‡mi 14 Zvwi‡L Avgvi eo †g‡q ¯^cœvi Rb¥| fv`ª gv‡m Avgv‡ì †MvUv evwo cvwbi Dci †f‡m _v‡K| MÖv‡gi wVK gvSLv‡b Avgv‡ì evwo| Pviw`‡K duvKv gvV| †mB gvV fv`ª gv‡m ficyi R‡j ˆ_ ˆ_| R‡ji Dci †f‡m †eovq kv`v kvcjv| †RvQbv iv‡Z †MvUv gv‡V kv`v kvcjvi Kx Aciƒc †kvfv| bqb Ryov‡bv †mB †kvfv †`‡L fv`ª gv‡m cvwbe›`x Avgv‡ì Rxeb| †Kv_vI evB‡i †M‡j †bŠKvq hvevi wbqg| KviY MÖvg †_‡K Avgv‡ì evwoi ms‡hvM iv¯—vI fv`ª gv‡m _v‡K R‡ji wb‡P| GB mgq N‡i e‡m ivbœv Kiv Qvov Dcvq †bB| ZvB cy‡iv eQi GB mgqUvi R‡b¨ R¡vjvwb msMÖn K‡i ivL‡Z nq| bB‡j ivbœv evbœv eÜ| mvaviYZ †Mvqvj N‡ii gvPvq Avgiv ïK‡bv KvV Rwg‡q ivwL| hv‡K Avgiv ewj Kvô| ivbœvi Av‡M wKQz Kvô ivbœv N‡ii Pzjvi cv‡k Avbv nq| IB ïK‡bv Kv‡ôB fv`ª gv‡m Avgv‡ì ivbœv evbœv P‡j| ZLb igRvb gvm| BdZvwi †k‡l ivbœv N‡i †Zj wcVv evbv‡Z e‡mwQ| Avgvi Pvicv‡k †e‡Â ev cvwU‡Z e‡m‡Q Avgvi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv ¯^cœv-iZœv-i“by-wcby-BgvgCkvb-w`kvb-wbkvb Avi BDby‡mi eD wbi“| N‡i Ckv‡bi evev ZLb Zvivwe bvgvR cowQj| †Zj wcVv fvRvq Avgv‡K mnvqZv KiwQj eo †g‡q ¯^cœv Avi BDby‡mi eD wbi“| wcVv bvgv‡bv gvÎ wmwiqvwj wbkvb-wcby-w`kvb-Ckvbiv wb‡q wbw”Qj| ¯^cœv GB wmwiqvj wVK K‡i w`‡qwQj| Bgv‡gi wcVv cvIqv n‡jB Avevi bZzb wmwiqvj wbkvb w`‡q ïi“ nq| †Kej BDby‡mi eD wbi“,¯^cœv, wbkv‡bi evev Avi Avwg GB wmwiqv‡j †bB| wZb evi wmwiqvj †k‡l ¯^cœv †NvlYv w`j Gevi evevi R‡b¨ ivLv n‡e| †Zvgiv co‡Z hvI| GLb wmwiqvj eÜ| Bgvg mevB‡K covi R‡b¨ Zvov jvMv‡jv| i“by ZL‡bv ¯^cœvi wcQ‡b ùvwo‡qwQj| Pzjvi R‡b¨ ZLb Av‡iv ïK‡bv Kvó jvM‡e| ZvB ¯^cvœ i Bkvivq i“by wcQ‡b ivLv ïK‡bv Kv‡ôi wXwe †_‡K GKUv Kvô Uvb †g‡iB wPrKvi K‡i DV‡jv| Bgvg ïK‡bv Kv‡ôi †mB wXwei w`‡K UP©jvBU †g‡i †`L‡Z jvMjv Kx e¨vcvi| B‡Zvg‡a¨ i“byi Wvb nv‡Zi ga¨gv †_‡K i³ †ei n‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jv| mevB †mB i³ Avi wPš’ ciL K‡iB Zv Rvbv‡jv ¯^cœvi evev‡K| i“byi KuvUvi Nv n‡q‡Q| mv‡c KvU‡j wel bv bvgv‡bv ch©š— mevB GUv‡K KuvUvi Nv e‡j| mv‡ci bvg gy‡L wb‡j bvwK wel bvgv‡Z Sv‡gjv nq| ZvB KuvUvi Nv ejvi wbqg| mviv evwo‡Z ivóª n‡jv †h i“byi KuvUvi Nv n‡q‡Q| Bgvg Lye k³ K‡i i“byi Wvb nv‡Zi KbyB‡qi Dci MvgQv w`‡q euva‡jv| Avi ga¨gvq bvBjb myZv w`‡q GKUv euvab †Ìqv n‡jv| Ckv‡bi evev ej‡jvÑ I †h‡bv Nygv‡Z bv cv‡i, †Zviv †mB †Póv Kwim| Avwg ISv Avb‡Z †Mjvg|

Avgv‡ì evwo †_‡K MÖv‡g XzK‡Z cÖ_g wn›`y evwoUv Nivgx evwo| Nivgx evwoi nwi`vk Nivgx B‡Zvg‡a¨ mv‡ci wel bvgv‡bv gš¿ iß K‡i‡Q| nwi`vk‡K Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z cvwV‡q w`‡q i“byi evev †Mj Pi evwbqvix emš— ISvi evwo| wKš‘ emš— ISv evwo‡Z †bB| gvQ ai‡Z †m e‡jk¦‡i †M‡Q| e‡jk¦‡ii Zxi a‡i i“byi evev nuvU‡Z jvM‡jv| Gw`‡K nwi`vk Nivgx Avgv‡ì DVv‡b G‡mB g‡bvlvi bv‡g GKUv Mvwj w`‡q wPrKvi K‡i DV‡jv| AvR g‡bvlvi GKw`b bB‡j Avgvi GKw`b| †Zvi G‡Ëveo mvnm, Avgvi fvBwRÕi Mv‡q KuvUv w`wQm| N‡i Xy‡K nwi`vk Nivgx i“byi Wvb nv‡Z Av‡iv wZbUv euvab w`‡jv| mv‡ci wel bvgv‡bv gš¿ cvV K‡i nwi`vk gvwU‡Z Pvci gv‡i| Avi i“by Ny‡gi wSgwU †_‡K IB Pvc‡ii k‡ã wKQzUv jvwd‡q I‡V| Bgvg i“by‡K Pi _vài †g‡i †g‡i RvwM‡q ivLvi †Póv Ki‡Q| AvovB NÈv a‡i nwi`vk GKvB gš¿ c‡o i“by‡K euvPv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Q| Iw`‡K emš— ISv KuvUvi NvÕi Lei †c‡j AvMš‘‡Ki m‡½ K_v bv e‡j PzcPvc evMv‡b P‡j hvq| evMv‡b wM‡q emš— ISv GKUv PvivMvQ DVv‡bvi †Póv K‡ib| hw` PvivMvQUv m¤ú~Y© D‡V Av‡m Zvn‡j Avi f‡qi wKQz bvB| wd‡i G‡m emš— ISv AvMš‘‡Ki m‡½ iIbv †`q| Avi hw` PvivMvQ DVv‡bvi mgq MvQwU wQ‡o hvq Zvn‡j emš— ISv mn‡R Avi †h‡Z Pvb bv| AvMš‘K‡K me eywS‡q e‡jb| †Póv Ki‡Z †`vl †bB| wKš‘ wM‡q Avi jvf n‡e bv| gv g‡bvlv K…cv K‡iwb| i“byi †ejvq emš— ISv evMvb †_‡K wd‡i G‡mB i“byi evev‡K ej‡jbÑ f‡qi wKQz †bB| Avcwb ùvovb| Avwg Rvj Avi nvwo evwo‡Z †i‡L GKUv jvwV wb‡qB AvmwQ| Gw`‡K i“by ZLb cÖvq †bwZ‡q c‡o‡Q| i“byi mviv kixi ZLb bxj n‡q †M‡Q| g‡bvlvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wew”Qwi me Mvwj †c‡i nwi`vk cÖvYcb †Póv Ki‡Q i“by‡K euvPv‡Z| Avgiv N‡ii mevB i“byi euvPvi Avkv cÖvq †Q‡oB w`‡qwQ| i“by Bgv‡gi Nv‡o †bwZ‡q c‡o‡Q| BgvgI cÖvYcb †Póv Ki‡Q i“by‡K RvwM‡q ivL‡Z| nwi`vk ZLb †NvlYv w`‡jvÑ †g‡q‡Q‡jiv mevB Ab¨ N‡i hvI| i“by‡K GB Ae¯’vq †i‡L Ab¨ N‡i †KD †Mj bv| nwi`vk Avev‡iv Av‡e`b Ki‡jv Avwg fxlY Lvivc K_v ej‡Z ïi“ Ki‡ev| Avcbviv †KD GB K_vq gb w`‡eb bv| fxlY Lvivc Mvwj| Avcbv‡ì jR¡v jvM‡Z cv‡i ZvB Ab¨ N‡i †M‡j fv‡jv| nwi`v‡ki Av‡e`‡bi c‡iI †KD Ab¨ N‡i †Mj bv| eis Ab¨ Ni †_‡K Av‡iv gvbyl †mLv‡b DuwK w`j| i“byi Kx nq Zv mivmwi †`Lvi R‡b¨| wVK ZLb emš— ISv Avi i“byi evev G‡m †cuŠQv‡jv| emš— ISv nwi`v‡ki m‡½ wKQz Zvwš¿K wbqg Kvbyb †kqvi Ki‡jb| nwi`vk GKevi i“byi Pviw`‡K `vM †K‡UwQj| †mB †Mvj e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ G‡Zv¶Y i“by wQj|

nwi`vk wb‡RI GKUv †Mvj e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ e‡m gš¿ cvV KiwQj| Avi i“byi e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ gvwU‡Z Pvci w`w”Qj| Gevi emš— ISv i“by Avi nwi`vk‡K wb‡q GKUv eo e„Ë Ki‡jb| wb‡Ri R‡b¨ Av‡iKUv †QvU e„Ë Ki‡jb eo e„‡Ëi evB‡i| i“byi †Pv‡L gy‡L wZb evi Rj wQUv‡jb emš— ISv| nwi`vk‡K wKQz GKUv ej‡jb| Zvici nwi`vk Avi emš— ISv wg‡j ïi“ n‡jv gš¿cvV| wZbevi nwi`vk gvwU‡Z Pvci gv‡i| PZz_©evi emš— ISv gvwU‡Z Pvci gv‡ib| Z‡Zv¶‡Y i“byi †bwZ‡q civ Ae¯’vi GKUz DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| `yB ISvi wgwjZ wPrKv‡i i“by †Ku‡c †Ku‡c I‡V| Gfv‡e wKQz¶Y Pjvi ci ïi“ n‡jv mv‡ci wel bvgv‡bv| hš¿ ej‡Z KPzi cvZv Avi †e‡ji KuvUv| i“byi Wvb nv‡Zi ga¨gvi wVK WMvq bvBj‡bi myZv UvbUvb K‡i a‡i‡Q nwi`vk| Avi ga¨gvi WMvq †e‡ji KuvUv dzwU‡q Kv‡jv i³ †ei K‡i KPzi cvZvq ivL‡Qb emš— ISv| Gfv‡e Pvievi Kv‡jv i³ †ei Kivi ci i“by GKUz †PvL †g‡j ZvKv‡jv| mvZevi wel bvgv‡bvi ci i“by cy‡ivcywi †mvRv n‡q em‡jv| emš— ISv Avgv‡K †W‡K ej‡jbÑ †ivMx‡K PvjfvRv w`‡eb| h‡Zv †ewk PvjfvRv Lv‡e Z‡Zv fv‡jv| Gi Av‡M nwi`vk Pvj fvR‡Z e‡jwQj| ZvB iZœv Z‡Zv¶‡Y A‡bK PvjI †f‡RwQj| emš— ISv ejvi m‡½ m‡½B PvjfvRv Avbv n‡jv i“byi mvg‡b| i“by‡K ZLb †Mvj e„‡Ëi evB‡i Avbv n‡q‡Q| emš— ISv ej‡jbÑ PvjfvRv †L‡Z _vKzK| LvIqvi ci Av‡iKUz KvR evKx Av‡Q| i“byi Wvbnv‡Z ZLb ïay MvgQvi GKUv bvggvÎ AvjMv euvab| Ab¨ me euvab emš— ISv Ly‡j w`‡q‡Qb| Z‡Zv¶‡Y i“by PvjfvRv Lv‡”Q Avi wgUwgU K‡i nvm‡Q| Bgvg i“by‡K GKUv †PvL ivOvwb w`‡jv| PvjfvRv cy‡ivUv Lvwe, e‡jB BgvgI wKQz PvjfvRv gywV cvwK‡q wb‡jv| i“byi PvjfvRv †kl Ki‡Z †`wi n‡e †`‡L nwi`vk G‡m ej‡jvÑ Avq gv, GKUz DVv‡b Avq| Avgv‡ì GKUz KvR evKx Av‡Q| IUv †kl K‡i w`| Zvici †cU cy‡i Lvm| DVv‡b Avev‡iv GKUv eo e„Ë Ki‡jv nwi`vk| †mB e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ i“by‡K emv‡jv| eo e„‡Ëi evB‡i `yB cv‡k `yBUv †QvU e„Ë Ki‡jv `yB ISv| Zvici Avevi mw¤§wjZ gš¿ cvV| Gevi †h‡bv †Kvivm MvB‡Q nwi`vk Avi emš— ISv| Gevi Avi †Zgb Mvwj †bB| Gevi gv g‡bvlvi K…cv‡K cÖYwg Rvbv‡”Qb `yB ISv| Gevi Zuv‡ì K‡É †mB SuvR †bB| Gevi Zuv‡ì K‡É †mB wew”Qwi Mvwj †bB| Gevi me wgwó wgwó K_v| wgwó wgwó my‡i nwi`vk Avi emš— ISv †Kvivm Ki‡Qb| cÖvq GK NÈv †mB †Kvivm Ki‡jb Zuviv| Zvici Avevi i“byi Wvb nv‡Zi ga¨gv †_‡K wel bvgv‡bv n‡jv| Gevi evg nv‡Zi ga¨gv †_‡KI wKQz Kv‡jv i³ †ei Kivi †Póv Pj‡jv| KPzi cvZvq ivLv we›`y we›`y †mB Kv‡jv i³ Lye fv‡jv K‡i

bxwi¶v K‡ib cÖ_‡g nwi`vk Zvici emš— ISv| GK mgq emš— ISv †NvlYv w`‡jbÑ hvI gv, Avi fq bvB| emš— ISv Zvici Avgv‡K wKQz gv‡bvZ `vb Kivi R‡b¨ wkwL‡q w`‡jb| gv g‡bvlvi D‡Ï‡k¨ mvZ †KwR `ya Avi mvZUv Kjv †Kv‡bv gw›`‡i wM‡q A_ev †h evwo‡Z g‡bvlv c~Rv nq †mLv‡b wM‡q gv g‡bvlvi †ew`‡Z wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡Z n‡e| Avi GKUv UvKv †Kv‡bv gw›`‡i `vb Ki‡Z n‡e| emš— ISv Avi nwi`vk we`vq †bevi Av‡M Rvbv‡jv †h †ivMxi evwo‡Z wKQz Lvevi wbqg †bB| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv w`b G‡m (i“by‡K Bw½Z K‡i) gv‡qi nv‡Zi ivbœv Lv‡ev| emš— ISv evwoi D‡Ï‡k¨ nuvUv †`q| Zuvi †cQb †cQb nwi`vk ZLb Kwe¸i“ iex›`ªbv‡_i GB MvbwU ¸b¸b Ki‡Z Ki‡Z nuv‡UÑ Avgvi gyw³ Av‡jvq Av‡jvq GB AvKv‡k, Avgvi gyw³ ayjvq ayjvq Nv‡m Nv‡m \ †`ng‡bi my`~i cv‡i, nvwi‡q †dwj Avcbv‡i, Mv‡bi my‡i Avgvi gyw³ D‡aŸ© fv‡m \ Avgvi gyw³ me©R‡bi g‡bi gv‡S, `ytLwec` Zz”Q Kiv KwVb Kv‡R| wek¦avZvi hÁkvjv, AvZ¥‡nv‡gi ewý R¡vjvÑ Rxeb †hb †`B AvûwZ gyw³ Av‡k \

M. †ngš—Kvj †MvUv evsjvi meyR †¶Z GB mgq †mvbvi i‡O f‡i I‡V| Pviw`‡K †h‡bv ïay †mvbv Qov‡bv| Pviw`‡K ïay njy` Avi njy` i‡Oi QovQwo| GB †mvbv iO GLv‡bi gvV Nv‡U †cuŠl gvm ch©š— †j‡M _v‡K| evsjvq KvwZ©K Avi ANªvY gvm wg‡j †ngš—Kvj| Avi GB †ngš—Kv‡ji ANÖvY gv‡mi 28 Zvwi‡L Avgvi Ckvb evwo †_‡K wbi“‡Ïk n‡qwQj| †Kv_vq †Mj Avgvi Ckvb? †Kb Ckvb evwo †_‡K wbi“‡Ïk nj? Kx Awfgvb wQj Ii ey‡K? GB mgq Pviw`‡K avb KvUvi Drme| Avi Avgvi ey‡Ki g‡a¨ ev‡R Ckv‡bi R‡b¨ gvqv| Avgvi Ckvb Kx †eu‡P Av‡Q? Avgvi Ckvb †Kv_vq Av‡Q? †KD Kx Avgvi Ckv‡bi mÜvb w`‡Z cv‡i? Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi¸‡jv Avgvi Kv‡Q mš—v‡bi g‡Zv| Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi co‡j Avwg Avgvi Ckvb‡K Kv‡Q cvB| Avgvi Ckvb †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB fvix Awfgvbx| †mB Awfgvb ey‡K wb‡q Ckvb evwo †_‡K P‡j †Mj| †ngš—Kvj Avm‡j ZvB Avgvi Ckv‡bi K_vI Lye †ewk †ewk g‡b c‡o| †ngš—Kvj gv‡b Pvlxi N‡i N‡i Avb›`| Avi Avgvi ey‡Ki g‡a¨ ZLb Ckv‡bi R‡b¨ eo Kó| KvwZ©K gv‡mi 12 ZvwiL Avgvi w`kv‡bi Rb¥| Avi ANÖvY gv‡mi 10 Zvwi‡L Rb¥ Avgvi cÖ_g mš—vb B¯‹v›`v‡ii|

Avgvi M‡bk gviv †M‡Q wKš‘ Avgvi KvwZ©K cig Ki“Yvg‡qi K…cvq GL‡bv my¯’ Avi fv‡jv Av‡Q| w`kvb n‡jv Avgvi KvwZ©K Avi B¯‹v›`vi wQj Avgvi M‡bk| avb KvUv †kl n‡j ïi“ nq bevbœ Drme| †MvUv †ngš—Kvj evsjv‡`‡k Pvlx‡ì Drm‡e gyLwiZ _v‡K| bZzb av‡b n‡e bevbœ| be ea~ Avm‡e evwo| N‡i avb †Zvjvi c‡i ïi“ n‡e wcVv cv‡qm evbv‡bvi wnwiK| ea~iv hv‡e ev‡ci evwo‡Z †eov‡Z| Avgvi BDby‡mi eD wbi“I ev‡ci evwo‡Z †eov‡Z †Mj| †mB my‡hv‡M Ckvb Ii evevi Kv‡Q GKUv mgm¨vi mgvavb PvB‡jv| BDby‡mi we‡qi ci †_‡K Ckvb Ii covi N‡ii GKK ¯^vaxbZv nvwi‡qwQj| wbi“ eDgv hLb Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z _v‡K ZLb Ckv‡bi covi N‡ii †mB ¯^vaxbZv ¶zYœ nq| KviY wbi“ eDgv Ckv‡bi covi i“‡gB Nygvq| IB i“gwU Av‡M wQj BDby‡mi| QzwU‡Z evwo‡Z Avm‡j GL‡bv BDbym IB i“‡gB _v‡K| Avi BDby‡mi we‡qi ci †_‡K IB i“gUv n‡q †M‡Q wbi“ eDgvÕi i“g| d‡j Ckvb `xN©w`b †h N‡i covïbv Ki‡Zv †mB ¯^vaxbZvq wKQzUv e¨Zq N‡U‡Q| eDgv evwo‡Z _vK‡j IB i“‡g covi my‡hvMI Ckv‡bi _v‡K bv| ZvB Ckv‡bi covi i“‡gi GKUv wewnZ GB ANªv‡Y Kivi R‡b¨ Zvi `vexUvI G‡Kev‡i Ag~jK bq| Avgv‡ì `yBUv Ni| eo N‡i Pvi eviv›`vq PviUv LvU| gvSLv‡b GKUv eo mvB‡Ri LvU| evwo‡Z †gngvb Avm‡jB IB Lv‡Ui ZLb Kì ev‡o| eo N‡ii `w¶Y eviv›`vq Ckv‡bi evev Avi Avwg _vwK| DËi eviv›`v Ckv‡bi covi Ni| cwðg eviv›`v wbkv‡bi covi RvqMv GKcv‡k Av‡iK cv‡k Ii evevi bvgv‡Ri ¯’vb| c~e© eviv›`v wcbyi covi Ni| gvSLv‡bi Lv‡U ¯^cœv, iZœv ev i“byiv †KD k¦ïi evwo †_‡K †eov‡Z Avm‡j Nygvq| bB‡j Lvwj _v‡K| Avi †QvU NiUvq `yB eviv›`vq `yB LvU Avi gvSLv‡b GKUv LvU| `w¶Y eviv›`v w`kv‡bi covi Ni| †gngvb Avm‡j DËi Avi gvSLv‡bi eviv›`vq iv‡Zi †ejvq Nygvq Zviv| GQvov Ni duvKv _vK‡j Avgvi †èi‡ì †Q‡jivI Nygvq †mLv‡b| BDby‡mi we‡qi ci †_‡K †mB wbq‡gi wKQzUv Dëvcvëv n‡jv| eDgv hLb Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z Av‡m ZLb Ckvb P‡j hvq cwðg cv‡ki eviv›`vq| Avi wbkvb P‡j hvq Ab¨N‡i w`kv‡bi ILv‡b DËi eviv›`vq ev gvSLv‡b| GB mgm¨vi mgvav‡b Ckvb GKUv AvBwWqv †ei K‡i‡Q| DËi cv‡ki eviv›`vq gvSLv‡b GKUv cvwU©kvb Ki‡jB bvwK mgm¨v Pz‡K hv‡e| †m‡¶‡Î wbkv‡bi wKQzUv mgm¨v n‡e| KviY Ckv‡bi covi †Uwej Avi wbkv‡bi covi †Uwej cvkvcvwk n‡q hvq| Zvi mgvavbI Ckvb w`j †h GLb †_‡K wbkv‡bi covi Ni n‡e w`kv‡bi m‡½ IB N‡ii DË‡ii eviv›`v| wKš‘ wbkvb GKUv kZ© Ry‡o w`‡q‡Q| †gngvb Avm‡j †m Ab¨ †Kv_vI Nygv‡Z †h‡Z cvi‡e bv| †mB kZ© †g‡b wb‡qB eo N‡ii DË‡ii eviv›`vq cvwU©kvb Kiv n‡jv| Ckvb P‡j Avm‡jv cwðg cv‡ki eviv›`vq| DËi

cv‡ki cvwU©kvb As‡ki ewa©Z As‡k em‡jv Ckv‡bi Nygv‡bvi LvU| wbkvb P‡j †Mj †QvU N‡ii DËi eviv›`vq| ANÖvY gvm| †ek Mig| †mB Mi‡gi g‡a¨ N‡ii duvKv RvqMvi cy‡ivUv cÖvq av‡b fiwZ| av‡bi Kvi‡Y mevi Nygv‡Z GKUz Amyweav nq| wKšy— i“g mgm¨vi mgvavb nIqvq †KD Avi Uz kã K‡i bv| wecwË eva‡jv eDgv evwo‡Z Avmvi ci| Zvi Ni cvwU©kvb K‡i †QvU Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨‡ì Kv‡Q ïwb GUv‡Z bvwK Zv‡K Am¤§vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| A‡bKUv RvqMv `Lj n‡q hvevi g‡Zv e¨vcvi| wKQz‡ZB eDgv Avi DËi cv‡ki eviv›`vq _vK‡e bv| mgm¨v mgvav‡bi R‡b¨ BDbym QzwU wb‡q evwo‡Z Avm‡jv| bZzb Ni Qvov eDgv wKQz‡ZB ivRx bq| †kl ch©š— BDbym Avi Ii evev wg‡j GKUv mgvavb †ei Ki‡jv| w`kvb‡K mwi‡q w`‡q IB NiUvq wKQzUv †givgZ Avi ms®‹vi Kiv n‡jv| `yB eviv›`vi cwie‡Z© IUv‡K evbv‡bv n‡jv eDgvi cQ›` Abyhvqx GKUv eo Ni Avi GKUv eo eviv›`v| w`kvb P‡j †Mj wbkv‡bi N‡i| A_©¨vr IB N‡ii DËi cv‡ki eviv›`vq| eDgv wbi“ †Mj `w¶Y cv‡ki eo i“gUvq| wbkvb Avevi Av‡Mi RvqMvq †diZ Avm‡jv| A_©¨vr eo N‡ii cwðg cv‡ki eviv›`vq| Avi Ckvb Avevi eo N‡ii DËi cv‡ki eviv›`vq †diZ †M‡jv| GLb Avevi GKUv bZzb mgm¨v ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| bZzb IB N‡i iv‡Zi †ejvq eDgvi fq K‡i| mvg‡bi eviv›`vq A_©¨vr †QvU N‡ii DËi cv‡ki eviv›`vq w`kvb _v‡K| wKš‘ eDgvi fqUv eo N‡ii Kvi‡Y| w`kvb Icv‡k Av‡M Nywg‡q co‡j Gcv‡k eDgvi Nygv‡Z fq jv‡M| Avi eDgv w`kv‡bi Av‡M Nywg‡q co‡j †mB iv‡Z bvwK fqvbK Lvivc Dëvcvëv ¯^cœ †`‡L| GLb Dcvq? Gevi Avi w`kv‡bi evev eDgvi bvBU †gqv‡ii †Zgb ¸i“Z¡ w`‡”Q bv| mgvavb wn‡m‡e ïay e‡j w`‡q‡Q fq jvM‡j m‡½ KvD‡K wb‡q Nygv‡jB cv‡i| †kl ch©š— wcby covi †Uwej wb‡q eDgvi N‡ii ¯’vqx evwm›`v n‡jv| wKš‘ BDbym hLb QzwU‡Z evwo‡Z Av‡m ZLb Avevi wcbyi mgm¨v nq| GB wb‡q †MvUv cwiev‡i GKUv Sv‡gjv cÖvq †j‡MB Av‡Q| iv‡Zi †ejvq Nygv‡bvi mgq wcby nq‡Zv eDgvi m‡½ Nygv‡e bv| eDgv nq‡Zv Avgvi †è‡ii †g‡q wgi“‡K Avgš¿Y K‡i‡Q Ny‡gv‡Z| wgi“ hw` KbwUwbD bv K‡i wcby Avevi ivRx nq bv| A_©¨vr wcby Avi eDgv w`‡bi †ejvq †Kv‡bv Sv‡gjv bv evav‡j iv‡Zi †ejvq GKm‡½ Nygvq| †m iv‡Z Avi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †bB| wKš‘ Zv‡ì hw` w`‡bi †ejvq †Kv‡bv wKQz‡Z Sv‡gjv nq, iv‡Z Nygv‡bvi mgq Zvi e`jv †bq wcby bv Nygv‡bvi †NvlYv w`‡q| GB KxZ©b cÖvq iv‡ZB NU‡Q †`‡L wcbyi evevI wKQzUv wei³| BDbym‡K wPwV‡Z wjL‡jvÑ eDgv‡K †Zvi Kv‡Q wb‡q hv| wKš‘ BDbym wPwVi Rev‡e

evwo‡Z Avm‡jv| eDgv‡K A‡bK †evSv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡jv| c‡ii gv‡m Avgiv ïbjvg eDgv gv n‡Z P‡j‡Q| Avwg `v`xgv n‡Z P‡jwQ| GB mgqUv eDgv Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q _vK‡Z Pvq| Avgiv †Kv‡bv AvcwË Kijvg bv| evwo‡Z Nygv‡bv wb‡q wbZ¨ iv‡Zi MxwZ KxZ©b wKQz w`‡bi R‡b¨ eÜ iB‡jv| wcby Gevi covi R‡b¨ me‡P‡q eo NiUv †c‡q‡Q| wKš‘ w`kv‡bi m‡½ cÖvqB covi mgq GUv IUv wb‡q Kjn ïi“ n‡jv| GB mgm¨v mgvav‡b wcbyi evev Avevi bZzb Av‡iKUv cwieZ©b Avb‡jb| wcby‡K Avbv n‡jv Avgv‡ì eo N‡ii DËi cv‡ki eviv›`vq| Avi Ckvb‡K cvVv‡bv n‡jv eDgvi N‡i| wn‡me K‡i †`Lv †M‡jv bZzb bvZx wb‡q eDgv evwo‡Z Avm‡Z Aš—tZ Av‡iv Qq gvm evKx| Z‡Zvw`‡b Ckv‡bi cix¶v †kl n‡q hv‡e| Avi Ckvb wek¦we`¨vj‡q P‡j hvevi ci evwo‡Z Avi covi i“g wb‡q mgm¨v _vK‡e bv| ZLb Ckv‡bi Ni †h †KD eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Gme msmvix c¨vPvj †fvjvi R‡b¨ Avwg eis iex›`ªbv‡_i GB MvbUv ïwbÑ Avwg hLb Zuvi `yqv‡i wf¶v wb‡Z hvB, ZLb hvnv cvB †m †h Avwg nvivB ev‡i ev‡i \ wZwb hLb wf¶v wb‡Z Av‡mb Avgvi Øv‡i eÜ Zvjv †f‡O †`wL Avcb-gv‡S †Mvcb iZbfvi, nvivq bv †m Avi \ cÖfvZ Av‡m Zuvnvi Kv‡Q Av‡jvK wf¶v wb‡Z, †m Av‡jv Zvi jyUvq aiYx‡Z| wZwb hLb mÜ¨v-Kv‡Q ùvovb EaŸ©K‡i, ZLb ¯—‡i ¯—‡i dz‡U I‡V AÜKv‡ii Avcb cÖv‡Yi ab, gyKz‡U Zuvi c‡ib †m iZb \

N. kxZKvj Z‡Zvw`‡b evsjvq kxZ Avmv ïi“ K‡i| ax‡i ax‡i ZLb Mv‡Qi cvZv ïKv‡Z _v‡K| †LRyi Mv‡Q ZLb wgwó i‡mi Adziš— gRy`| Pviw`‡K ïi“ nq †LRyi Mv‡Q gvwUi wVjv †c‡Z im aivi Drme| e‡jk¦i ZLb wS‡gv‡Z _v‡K| †KD †KD e‡jb e‡jk¦i kxZKv‡j Lye Kvey n‡q c‡i| nVvr `w¶Yv evZvm ZLb †fvj cv‡ë DËi w`K †_‡K Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i| DËix evZvm gv‡b VvÊv wn‡gj evZvm| ZLb kx‡Zi Rvgv bv c‡i evB‡i hvIqv hvq bv| Pviw`‡K Kzqvkvi QovQwo| mÜ¨v bv n‡ZB MÖvg¸‡jv Kzqvkv gywo w`‡q Nywg‡q c‡o| we‡Kj †_‡K mÜ¨v ch©š— P‡j MvwQ‡`i †LRyi MvQ †K‡U i‡mi wVjv cvZv| Avi †fvi n‡ZB ïi“ nq †mB †LRyi im bvgv‡bvi cvjv| Zvici im R¡vjv‡bv Avi wcVv evbv‡bvi ayg`vg| †MvUv kxZKvj evsjvi N‡i N‡i †LRyi i‡mi wgVvB Avi wcVv Drme Pj‡Z _v‡K|

nwimfvq ïi“ nq evwl©K KxZ©b Mv‡bi Avmi| Kvjx †Lvjvq ïi“ nq KweMvb| gmwR‡` gmwR‡` ïi“ nq wgjv` gvnwdj Avi ag©xq mfv| Pviw`‡K ïay Drme Avi Drme| Mvb evRbv| c`vejx KxZ©b, bvg KxZ©b, ivgvqb, Rvix, mvix, fvIqvBqv, gywm©`x, hvÎvcvjv, bvUK BZ¨vw`| GQvov ïi“ nq evDj †gjv| jvjb †gjv| jvwV‡Ljv| †bŠKv evBP| evsjvi N‡i N‡i ZLb Drme| †mB m‡½ ïi“ nq B¯‹z‡ji dvBbvj cix¶v| †cuŠl gvN GB `yB gvm evsjvq kxZKvj| †cuŠl gv‡mi 8 Zvwi‡L Avgvi Bgv‡gi Rb¥| Avi gvN gv‡mi 6 Zvwi‡L Avgvi †QvU †g‡q wcbyÕi Rb¥| kx‡Zi mgq Rb¥ e‡jB nq‡Zv Bgv‡gi wgwó Lye wcÖq| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wgwó n‡j Bgv‡gi Avi wKQz jv‡M bv| †cuŠ‡l kx‡Zi ïi“ n‡jI kx‡Zi `vcU ïi“ nq gvN gv‡m| gv‡Ni kx‡Z evN cvjvq R½‡j| RbkÖ“wZ i‡q‡Q †h †ngš—Kv‡j hLb evsjvi N‡i N‡i avb †Zvjvi †gŠmyg| ZLb R½j †_‡K evN †ewo‡q c‡i wkKvi aivi R‡b¨ †jvKvj‡q| gvV †_‡K avb †Zvjv †kl n‡j evN Lvevi bv †c‡q †jvKvj‡q avweZ nq| gvby‡li Zvov †L‡jI evN ZLb †jvKvj‡q _vK‡ZB cQ›` K‡i| KviY Lvevi †RvMv‡o myweav| Zvici kxZ Avm‡j ev‡Ni Avi †jvKvj‡q _vKvi my‡hvM †bB| Mnxb R½‡ji †Mvcb †KvV‡i jywK‡q ZLb kxZ †_‡K euvPvi †Póv K‡i ebivR evN| Avi †jvKvj‡qi me LeivLei evN cvq wkqv‡ji gva¨‡g| evN Avi wkqvj nj gvgv fv‡Mœ| wKš‘ ev‡Ni †ewk ¶zav †c‡j Avi h_v mg‡q Lvevi †RvUv‡Z bv cvi‡j wkqv‡jiI i¶v †bB| Kwe¸i“ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi ZvB kx‡Zi GB MvbwU MvbÑ kx‡Zi e‡b †Kvb †m KwVb Avm‡e eÕ‡j wkDwj¸wj f‡q gwjb e‡bi †Kv‡j \ AvgjwK-Wvj mvRj KvOvj, Lwm‡q w`j cj−eRvj, Kv‡ki nvwm nvIqvq fvwm hvq †h P‡j \ mB‡e bv †m cvZvq Nv‡m cvÊyiZv ZvB †Zv Avcb iO NyP‡jv Szg‡KvjZv| DËievq Rvbvq kvmb, cvZj Z‡ci ï¯‹ Avmb, mvR-Lmvevi GB jxjv Kvi AÆ‡iv‡j \

O. emš—Kvj dvêyb Avi ˆPÎ gvm n‡jv evsjvi emš—Kvj| Avi GB dvêyb gv‡mB Avgvi B¯‹v›`vi gviv hvq| B¯‹v›`vi gviv hvq dvêyb gv‡mi 25 ZvwiL| Avgvi cÖ_g mš— vb B¯‹v›`vi| Avgvi Av`‡ii †mvbv-gvwbK| Avgvi mš—vb B¯‹v›`vi ZzB †Kb Gfv‡e AKvj K‡jivq gviv wM‡q Avgv‡K k~b¨ K‡i †Mwj| dvêyb gvm Avm‡jB ZvB B¯‹v›`vi Avgvi m‡½ K_v e‡j| Avwg GKv GKv B¯‹v›`v‡ii m‡½ K_v ewj|

c„w_exi †KD Zv KL‡bv ïb‡Z cvq bv| B¯‹v›`vi wQj Avgvi cÖ_g f~eb| Avwg †h B¯‹v›`vi‡K KL‡bvB fyj‡Z cvwi bv| dvêyb gv‡mi cvZv Sov †`L‡jB Avgvi B¯‹v›`vi Avgvi m‡½ K_v e‡j| dvêyb gvm Avgvi Kv‡Q Avgvi B¯‹v›`vi| dvêyb gv‡mi 17 ZvwiL Avgvi BDmy‡di Rb¥| Avi ˆPÎ gv‡mi 5 Zvwi‡L Avgvi BDby‡mi Rb¥| dvêyb gv‡m Mv‡Qi cvZv S‡o| mviv evsjvq MvQ †_‡K cvZv Sovi ci bZzb cvZvI MRvq GB mg‡q| DËix evqy ZLb †fvj cv‡ë Avevi `w¶‡Y hvIqv ïi“ K‡i| g„`y g›` fv‡jv jvMv bvwZkxZò evZvm| fvix wgwó Zvi Av‡ek| Pviw`‡K wdmdvm| GB mgqUv bvwK †cÖg Kivi mgq| evsjvi `vgvj hyeK-hyeZxiv Zi“YZi“Yxiv GB mg‡q †cÖ‡gi AwQjvq MvQZjvq AvÇv gv‡i| KviY evsjvi AvenvIqv GB mg‡q kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e Kvg DÏxcbv RvMv‡Z we‡kl mnvqZv K‡i| GB mgqUvq evsjvq me‡P‡q †ewk we‡q mvax n‡q _v‡K| evsjvi emš— wb‡q Kwe¸i“ iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi †M‡q‡QbÑ Avnv AvwR G em‡š—, G‡Zv dzj †dv‡U, G‡Zv euvwk ev‡R, G‡Zv cvwL Mvq, Avnv AvwR G em‡š—| mwLi ü`q, Kzmyg †Kvgj, Kvi Abv`‡i AvwR S‡o hvq| †K‡bv Kv‡Q Av‡mv, †K‡bv wg‡Q nv‡mv, Kv‡Q †h Avwm‡Zv, †m †Zv Avwm‡Z bv Pvq| Avnv AvwR G em‡š—, G‡Zv dzj †dv‡U, G‡Zv euvwk ev‡R, G‡Zv cvwL Mvq, Avnv AvwR G em‡š—| my‡L Av‡Q hviv, my‡L _vK Zviv, my‡Li emš—, my‡L †nvK mviv| `ytwLwb bvixi, bq‡bi bxo, mywL R‡b †h‡bv †`wL‡Z bv cvq| Zviv †`‡L I †`‡L bv, Zviv ey‡S I ey‡S bv, Zviv wd‡iI bv Pvq| Avnv AvwR G em‡š—, G‡Zv dzj †dv‡U, G‡Zv euvwk ev‡R, G‡Zv cvwL Mvq, Avnv AvwR G em‡š—|

emš— we`vq gv‡b evsjvi N‡i N‡i ZLb bZzb el© ei‡Yi ayg †j‡M hvq| Pviw`‡K ZLb el© we`vq Avi el© ei‡Yi Drme| GB mgq evsjvi me©Î ˆPÎ msµvwš—i †gjv e‡m| bvMi‡`vjv e‡m| cyZzj bvP Avi hvÎvcvjv ïi“ nq| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI Av‡m mvK©vm| wgóvbœ †Kbvi ayg †j‡M hvq| †QvU †QvU †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì euvwki k‡ã Avi weivgnxb wKwPi wgwP‡i †gjvcÖv½‡b GK wekvj nÆ‡Mv‡ji m„wó nq| Dc‡P civ gvby‡li †mB †XD‡qi g‡a¨ hw` †KD GKevi nvwi‡q hvq Zv‡K Luy‡R cvIqv fvix `y®‹i| cÖvq cÖwZ eQiB IB †gjvi wf‡oi g‡a¨ Avgv‡ì Ckvb nvwi‡q †h‡Zv| Avi GUv bvwK NU‡Zv †gjvcÖv½‡b cÖ‡e‡ki ciciB| Zvici ïi“ n‡Zv ¯^cœv-iZœv-i“by‡ì Ckvb‡K Luy‡R †ei Kivi Awfhvb| Ckvb‡K LyuR‡Z wM‡q †gjv †_‡K hv hv †Kbvi †mB cwiKíbvq ZLb fxlY c¨vP jvM‡Zv| †mB RwUj c¨vP

cy‡ivcywi †Lvjvi Av‡MB mÜ¨v Nwb‡q †h‡Zv| evwo‡Z iIbv †èvi wVK AvM gyn~‡Z© nq‡Zv Ckvb‡K Iiv Luy‡R †c‡Zv †gjvq †XvKvi †M‡U A_ev evwo‡Z hvevi iv¯—vq| hw` ¯^cœv-iZœviv Ckvb‡K Luy‡R bv †c‡Zv Zvn‡j †gjvq AvMZ cÖwZ‡ekx cwiwPZ‡ì mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q Zj−vwm Pvjv‡Zv m¤¢ve¨ meLv‡b| GKevi Ckvb‡K QvovB ¯^cœv-iZœviv †gjv †_‡K evwo‡Z wdi‡jv| Zvici Ckvb‡K LuyR‡Z Pviw`‡K †jvK j¯‹i QzU‡jv| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Dci Ckv‡bi evevi ZLb Kov ûKzgÑ Lyu‡R cvIqv gvÎ Ii nvo-gvsm Avjv`v K‡i †èvi R‡b¨| nvivgRv`v †gjvq †M‡jB nvivq| Zvgvkv cvB‡Q| GLb †_‡K Ii †gjvq hvIqv eÜ| wKš‘ eQi Ny‡i Avevi hLb †gjv Avm‡Zv Ckv‡bi evev †mB wb‡lavÁv w`we¨ fy‡j †h‡Zv| Avi †gjvq wM‡q Ckvb Avevi wVKB nviv‡Zv| wKš‘ ¯^cœvi we‡qi c‡ii eQi †`Lv †Mj †gjv †_‡K Ckvb Avi nvivq bv| KviY †gjvq Xy‡KB eo RvgvB Rvwn` Ckvb‡K CM‡ji g‡Zv mviv¶Y †Pv‡L †Pv‡L iv‡L| Zvici †_‡K wbqg Kiv n‡jv hw` Iiv †gjvq hv‡e †Zv I‡ì MvBW Kivi R‡b¨ eo RvgvB Rvwn` _vK‡e wUg wjWvi wn‡m‡e| ZLb †_‡K ïi“ n‡jv Av‡iK DrcvZ| †hLv‡bB †gjv e‡m †mLv‡bB hvIqv ïi“ Ki‡jv Ckvb Avi eo RvgvB Rvwn`| GB `yBR‡b fvix Mjvq Mjvq LvwZi| †bŠKv evBP bvMi‡`vjv cyZzj bvP hvÎvcvjv mvK©vm wKQzB Zviv ev` †`q bv| wZb w`‡bi †gjvq Giv `yBRb Aš—tZ cuvPevi hv‡e| KL‡bv mKv‡j hv‡e wbwiwewj †KbvKvUv Kivi R‡b¨| wKs¤^v †Kv_vq Kx cvIqv hv‡e Zv Av‡M fv‡M †`‡L Avmvi R‡b¨| KLb †h Giv †gjvq hvevi cwiKíbv K‡i ZvB ey‡S IVv Kó| c‡i ¯^cœvi gva¨‡g Lei cvIqv hvq †h Giv `yBRb cvM‡ji †gjvq ev WvKvwZqvi †gjvq †M‡Q| †hLv‡bB †gjv emyK †mLv‡bB GB gvwbK †Rv‡oi hvIqv PvB| Avwg wbwðš— _vwK GB †f‡e †h GLb Avi Ckvb †gjvq wM‡q nvwi‡q hvq bv| m‡½ eo RvgvB Rvwn` Av‡Q gv‡b Ckv‡bi Avi nvwi‡q hvevi my‡hvM †bB| GKevi †kvbv †Mj †Kbyqvfv½vi †gjvq wM‡q bvwK Ckvb bq eis ¯^qs eo RvgvB Rvwn` nvwi‡qwQj| Avmj NUbv Kx N‡UwQj Avgiv Rvwb bv| ¯^cœvi Kv‡Q eo RvgvB Rvwn` e‡jwQj †h, Ckvb‡K B¯‹zj N‡ii GKUv wbw`©ó RvqMvq †i‡L †m Uq‡j‡U wM‡qwQj| Uq‡jU †_‡K wd‡i †`‡L Ckvb Avi †mLv‡b †bB| Zvici †MvUv †gjv P‡l Zv‡K cvIqv †Mj evB‡¯‹v‡ci jvB‡b| Avi ¯^cœvi Kv‡Q Ckv‡bi e³e¨ wQj AbïKg| Uq‡j‡U hvevi bvg K‡i fvBRvb Ab¨ †Kv_vI wM‡q wmLv‡iU †L‡qwQj| Zv‡K Uq‡j‡U bv †c‡q †MvUv †gjvq Ly‡u RwQjvg| wKš‘ †Kv_vI bv †c‡q hLb Zvi fimv ev` w`‡q evB‡¯‹v‡ci jvB‡b ùvovB, ZLbB †m nVvr †mLv‡b nvwRi nq| †gjvq mwZ¨ mwZ¨ †K nvwi‡qwQj Rvbv bv †M‡jI eo RvgvB Rvwn‡ì wmLv‡i‡Ui e¨vcviwU †mevi ivóª n‡jv|

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7. wØZxq wek¦hy× I Avgv‡ì `ywf©¶ wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ¯§„wZ GL‡bv Avgvi Svcmv Svcmv wKQzUv g‡b Av‡Q| Avgvi eqm ZLb cuvP wK Qq eQi| GKm‡½ A‡bK wegvb †mB cÖ_g AvKv‡k Do‡Z †`‡LwQjvg| Avgv‡ì D‡Vv‡b mÜ¨vi ci ivRy PvPvi wekvj mvB‡Ri UÖvbwR÷v‡i mevB wewewmi Lei ïb‡Z em‡Zv| ivRy PvPv †Uwe‡ji Dci UªvbwR÷vi †i‡L be Nwi‡q wewewm ai‡Zb| mevB hy‡×i Lei †kvbvi R‡b¨ PzcPvc e‡m _vK‡Zv| Rvcvb bvwK evg©vq AvµgY K‡i‡Q| Avi IB w`‡bi IB wegvb¸‡jv me wQj Rvcv‡bi hy×wegvb| Avgv‡ì gv_vi Dci w`‡q cici wZb SuvK wegvb c~e© †_‡K cwð‡g D‡o †Mj| wewewmi Le‡i e‡jwQj Rvcvb evg©vi ivRavbx †i½yb Avi KjKvZv kn‡i †evgv nvgjv Pvwj‡q‡Q| cÖPzi e„wUk fviZxq ˆmb¨ IB Rvcvwb †evgv nvgjvq wbnZ n‡q‡Q| †QvU‡ejvi †mB hy×wegv‡bi kã GL‡bv Avgvi Kv‡b ev‡R| wKš‘ `xN©w`b c‡i IB NUbvi ûeû wdwiw¯’ †cjvg Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi‡Z| Wv‡qwi‡Z Ckvb wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i GKUv NUbv wj‡L‡Q| Kxfv‡e wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i d‡j evsjv‡`‡k `ywf©¶ †j‡MwQj Avi nvRvi nvRvi †jvK gviv wM‡qwQj| ivRy PvPv cÖvqB Avgv‡ì wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Mí †kvbv‡Zb| wKš‘ Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi‡Z w`b ZvwiL D‡j−L K‡i †jLv †mB hy‡×i G‡Kev‡i ZvRv Lei| Ckvb wj‡L‡QÑ 1939 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤î Rvg©vbx Avi †¯−vfvwKqvi †hŠ_fv‡e †cvj¨vÛ Avµg‡bi gva¨‡g wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i m~Pbv| 3 †m‡Þ¤î d«vÝ I e„‡Ub GB A‰ea Avµg‡bi Reve w`‡Z Rvg©vbxi wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i| 2 †m‡Þ¤î 1945 mv‡j wnUjv‡ii civR‡qi gva¨‡g GB `xN© gnvhy‡×i mgvwß N‡U| wØZxq wek¦hy‡× Rvg©vbxi Ak¦ kw³i c‡¶ wQj Rvcvb, BZvwj, nv‡½ix, i“gvwbqv, eyj‡Mwiqv, wdbj¨vÛ, BivK, _vBj¨vÛ, †µv‡qwkqv I †¯−vfvwKqv| Ab¨w`‡K ivwkqvi wgÎ kw³i c‡¶ wQj Av‡gwiKv, e„‡Ub, d«vÝ, Pxb, †cvj¨vÛ, A‡÷ªwjqv, wbDwRj¨vÛ, KvbvWv, `w¶Y AvwdªKv, eªvwRj, †gw·‡Kv, hy‡Mvk−vwfqv, biI‡q, †b`vij¨vÛ, †ejwRqvg I wMÖm| Ak¦ kw³i mvgwiK †bZviv n‡jb Rvg©vbxi GWjd wnUjvi, Rvcv‡bi mgªvU wn‡ivwn‡Zv I BZvwji cÖavbgš¿x †ewb‡Zv gy‡mvwjwb| Iw`‡K wgÎ c‡¶i †bZviv n‡jb ivwkqvi †cÖwm‡W›U †Rv‡md ÷vwjb, hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U d«vsKwjb wW. i“R‡fë I e„wUk cÖavbgš¿x DBb÷vBb PvwP©j| Gwkqvq ZLb Rvcvb me‡P‡q kw³kvjx ivóª| wm½vcyi‡K ZLb ejv n‡Zv c~‡e©i wReªvëvi, hv e„wUk ˆmb¨‡ì me‡P‡q eo NuvwU| 1942 mv‡ji 8 †deª“qvwi Rvcvbx i‡qj †bŠevwnbx wm½vcy‡i e„wUk ˆmb¨‡ì IB eo Av¯—vbvq Avµgb K‡i| IB eQi 15 †deª“qvwi Rvcvb wm½vcyi `Lj K‡i| IB nvgjvq ZLb cÖvq 80 nvRvi

e„wUk, A‡÷wjqvb I fviZxq ˆmb¨ cÖvY nvivq| cÖvq 50 nvRvi fviZxq e„wUk ˆmb¨ ZLb cÖvY euvPv‡Z Rvcvwb‡ì `‡j †hvM`vb K‡i| Rvcvbx i‡qj †bŠevwnbx ZLb evg©vi w`‡K AMÖmi nq| e„‡U‡bi 17Zg BwÛqvb wWwfkvb ZLb evg©vi wmÆvs b`xi `Lj wb‡q Ae¯’vb KiwQj| Rvcvwb †bŠevwnbx 22 †deª“qvwi wmÆvs b`xi weª‡R †evgv nvgjv K‡i IB weªR m¤ú~Y© ¸wo‡q †`q| IB nvgjvq 17Zg BwÛqvb wWwfkv‡bi cÖvq `yB weª‡MU ˆmb¨ cÖvY nvivq| e„wUk ˆmbïv ZLb evg©v e›ì i¶vi †Rvi †Póv Pvjvq| wKš‘ 7 gv‡P©i g‡a¨ Rvcvwb †bŠevwnbx evg©v e›ì `Lj K‡i †bq| evg©v ZLb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q e„nËg Pvj Drcv`bKvix †`k| Avi e„wUk kvwmZ fviZ ZLb GB Pv‡ji cÖvq 15 fvM Avg`vwb Ki‡Zv| evg©v Rvcvwb ˆmb¨‡ì `L‡j P‡j hvIqvq †MvUv fvi‡Z ZLb Pv‡ji msKU m„wó n‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jv| Iw`‡K e„wUk ˆmb¨‡ì Lv`¨ †hvMvb wbwðZ Ki‡Z Ges fviZxq e„wUk ˆmb¨‡ì hy×Kvjxb Lv`¨ msKU †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z e„wUkiv ˆmb¨‡ì R‡b¨ e¨vcK nv‡i Lv`¨ gRy` ïi“ Ki‡jv| d‡j fvi‡Zi ivR¯’vb mn cÖvq 12 wU cÖ‡`‡k ZLb K…wÎg `ywf©¶ ïi“ n‡jv| †mB m‡½ Pv‡ji `vg ivZvivwZ †e‡o †Mj| 1942 mv‡ji 16 A‡±vei evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi Dwol¨vi Dci GK cÖjqsKix N~wY©So AvNvZ nv‡b| d‡j av‡bi e¨vcK ¶wZ mvwaZ nq| IB mgq mgy`ª DcK~j †_‡K cÖvq 40 gvBj ch©š— dmwj Rwg eb¨vi cvwb‡Z †f‡m hvq| ZvQvov †g gv‡m Avevi mviv fvi‡Z ïi“ nq e¨vcK Lov| K…lKiv ZLb cÖvY euvPv‡Z gRy` ivLv exR avb †L‡Z ïi“ K‡i| RyjvB gvm †_‡K b‡f¤î gvm bvMv` mviv fvi‡Z ZLb `ywf©¶ Qwo‡q c‡o| Zvici 1943 †_‡K 1944 mv‡j †MvUv wØZxq wek¦hy× Kvjxb mg‡q †MvUv fvi‡Z `ywf©¶ gvivZ¥K AvKvi avib K‡i| GB mgq me‡P‡q †ewk †jvK gviv hvq fvi‡Zi e½ cÖ‡`‡k| 1943 mv‡ji IB `ywf©‡¶ Aš—tZ 40 jvL †jvK gviv hvq| evg©v †_‡K Pvj mieivn eÜ _vKvq †MvUv evsjv‡`k ZLb me‡P‡q fqven `ywf©¶ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i| †MvUv evsjv‡`k ZLb webv hy‡× GK g„Zy¨cyix‡Z cwibZ nq| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl me‡P‡q †ewk gviv hvq Lvev‡ii Afv‡e| we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m G‡Zv gvbyl Avi †Kv_vI Abvnv‡i gviv hvqwb| evsjv‡`‡k GB mgqKvj‡K 43-Gi gbvš—i bv‡g aiv nq| 1947 mv‡ji 14 AvM÷ hLb cvwK¯—vb ¯^vaxb nq ZLb ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b gv‡b AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v wQj 4 †KvwU 21 j¶ 19 nvRvi Rb| wØZxq wek¦hy× Avi 1943 mv‡ji fqvj `ywf©‡¶i ¯§„wZPviY co‡Z wM‡q †Pv‡L co‡jv Ckvb Ii Wv‡qwi‡Z Av‡iK RvqMvq wj‡L‡Q 1974 mv‡ji `ywf©‡¶i K_v| Wv‡qwii wKQz cvZv GLv‡b bó| wKQz †jLv `ywf©‡¶i Lvev‡ii g‡Zv A¯úó| wKQz A¶i Kvwj gy‡Q ay ay Ki‡Q| wKQz A¶i nq‡Zv ¶zavi Ae¨³ wbtk¦v‡m nvwi‡q

†M‡Q| Ckvb Ii Wv‡qwi‡Z wj‡L‡QÑ 1974 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m eªþcyÎ b`x e¨vcK nv‡i c−vweZ nq| Pv‡ji `vg ZLb e¨vcK e„w× cvq| eªþcyÎ Avi hgybv b`xi `yB cv‡i ZLb e¨vcK nv‡i `ywf©¶ †`Lv †`q| gvÎ `yB eQi wZb gvm eqwm evsjv‡`‡ki bZzb miKv‡ii GB cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv Kivi g‡Zv †gv‡UI c~e© cÖ¯‘wZ wQj bv| d‡j `ª“Z Zv mviv †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡i| ZvQvov ZLb GwcÖj †_‡K RyjvB gvm ch©š— e¨vcK nv‡i fvix el©Y ïi“ n‡j mviv †`‡k IB eb¨vI Qwo‡q hvq| eb¨vi cvwb‡Z mviv †`‡k ZLb gnvgvix AvKv‡i K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv I g¨v‡jwiqv †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc Qwo‡q c‡o| GKw`‡K bZzb miKv‡ii A`¶ Aeë¯’vcbv, miKvwi `jxq †jvK‡ì e¨vcK nv‡i `yb©xwZ, Pzwi, jyUcvU; †PvivKvievix‡ì e¨vcK †`ŠivZ¥, fviZxq mxgvš— c‡_ evsjv‡`k †_‡K fvi‡Z Lv`¨km¨ cvPvi, Amr eëmvqx‡ì Lv`¨km¨ mn wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwb‡mi e¨vcK nv‡i gRy` cÖwµqv, AvIqvgx `my¨‡ì e¨vcK nv‡i e¨vsK WvKvwZ I jyÉb, A‰ea Amªavix‡ì e¨vcK †`ŠivZ¥, e¨vcK nv‡i wRwbmc‡Îi `vg e„w×, `vg wbqš¿‡Y bZzb miKv‡ii Pig e¨_©Zv, mviv †`‡k Pv‡ji mieivn mylg ivL‡Z bv cviv, e¨vcK nv‡i cÖvK…wZK eb¨v, gnvgvix AvKv‡ii K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv I g¨v‡jwiqvi cÖ‡Kvc bZzb ¯^vaxb †`‡ki gvbyl‡ì Av‡iKwU fqven `ywf©‡¶i w`‡K wb‡q hvq| m`¨ ¯^vaxbZv cÖvß †`‡ki A`¶ miKvi GB `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z ZLb m¤ú~Y©i~‡c e¨_© nq| d‡j `ywf©¶ `ª“Z mviv †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| GB `ywf©‡¶ ZLb Avevi cÖvq c‡bi jvL †jvK gviv hvq| 1974 mv‡ji `ywf©‡¶i Av‡iv GKwU Ab¨Zg eo KviY n‡jvÑ IB mgq gvwK©b hy³ivóª evsjv‡`k‡K wc-80 Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb eÜ K‡i †`q| hy³ivóª ZLb evsjv‡`k‡K 2.2 wgwjqb Ub Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ bv cvVv‡bvi wm×vš— †bq| XvKvq ZLb gvwK©b G¨v¤^vwmWi e‡jb †h, evsjv‡`k hw` wKDevq cvU ißvwb eÜ bv K‡i Zvn‡j hy³ivóª eb¨vq ¶wZMÖ¯’ evsjv‡`kx gvbyl‡ì cv‡k ùvov‡bvi cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡Z m¤ú~Y© AcviM| GQvov ZLb evsjv‡`‡ki e½eÜz miKv‡ii Dci gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi mivmwi Pvc wQj †h, hw` evsjv‡`k cvwK¯—vbx hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi cÖwµqv eÜ bv K‡i Zvn‡j fwel¨‡Z hy³ivóª wc-80 Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ m¤ú~Y© eÜ K‡i †`‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜz †kL gywRe ZLb eva¨ n‡q `ywf©¶ e‡Üi Dcvq wn‡m‡e hy³ivóª †_‡K Ri“ix wfwË‡Z Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ cvevi R‡b¨ wKDevq cvU ißvwb eÜ K‡i †`b Ges cvwK¯—vbx hy×civax‡ì wePvi cÖwµqv eÜ K‡i mevB‡K mvaviY ¶gv †NvlYv K‡ib| hy³ivóª ZLb 2.2 wgwjqb Ub Lv`¨ mvnvh¨ evsjv‡`‡k cvVvq| hy³ivóª miKv‡ii ivR‰bwZK †Ljvq Z‡Zvw`‡b GLv‡b b‡f¤î

gvm| mviv †`‡k kxZKvjxb bZzb dmj D‡V‡Q| Avi wW‡m¤^‡i hy³iv‡óªi IB Lv`¨ PvjvbwU †`‡k †cuŠQv‡j `ywf©¶ ax‡i ax‡i wbqš¿‡Y Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wKš‘ eb¨vi `~wlZ cvwbi Kvi‡Y `ywf©¶ cieZ©x mg‡qI mviv †`‡k gnvgvix AvKv‡i K‡jiv, Wvqwiqv I g¨v‡jwiqvi cÖ‡Kvc Qwo‡q co‡j mviv †`‡k ZLb cÖvq Av‡iv mv‡o Pvi jvL †jvK gviv hvq| 1974 mv‡ji `ywf©¶ bZzb ¯^vaxbZv cvIqv evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ Av‡iKwU fqsKi cÖvYnvbxi NUbv| IB `ywf©‡¶ cÖvq wek jvL †jv‡Ki cÖvYnvbx NU‡jI AvIqvgx jx‡Mi `yeË ©„ iv IB mg‡q †d‡j dz‡u c A_© m¤úwËi gvwjK e‡b hvq| GB wb‡q mviv †`‡kB ZLb GKwU ¸Re Qovj †h AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †jvKRb G‡Zv †ekx Pzwi K‡i‡Q †h e½eÜz ej‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡QbÑ Avgvi K¤^j KB? hy×, `ywf©¶, gnvgvix, cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM BZ¨vw` me mgq iv‡óªi GKwU c¶‡K G‡Kev‡i c‡_ ewm‡q †`q| Avi IB ûRy‡M GKwU myweav‡fvMx c¶ me mgq wkKvi aivi Rb¨ Ir †c‡Z e‡m _v‡K| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…©‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡jI IB myweav‡fvMx c¶ `jwUi wfZ‡i I evB‡i G‡ZvB kw³kvjx †h Zviv †Nvjv R‡j gvQ wkKv‡i e‡ovB I¯—v`| GB `‡ji ivNe †evqvjiv Avevi me mgqB miKv‡ii Lye Av¯—vfvRb n‡q _v‡Kb| KviY, myweav‡fvMx IB †jvK¸‡jv me mgq gvbyl‡K Kzeyw× w`‡q †mLvb †_‡K jvf cvevi †Póv K‡ib| IB GKB MÖ“‡ci gvbyl e½eÜz‡K Kzeyw× w`‡q bZzb †`‡k GKUv AivRKZv m„wó Ki‡Z DØy× K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì eyw×‡Z e½eÜz evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi c¨vivjvj i¶xevwnbx MVb K‡i‡Qb| Avevi IB gvbyl¸‡jv `ywf©‡¶i mgq wb‡R‡ì B‡”Q g‡Zv †PvivKvievix, gRy``vix, fvi‡Z Lv`¨km¨ cvPvi, Lv`¨k‡mï `vg evov‡bvi lohš¿, we‡`kx mvnvh¨ †_‡K Pzwi, jyUcvU I `L‡ji g‡Zv me ai‡bi Aciv‡ai mv‡_ RwoZ wQ‡jb| IB †Mvôx †Lv` miKv‡ii †P‡q kw³kvjx wmwÛ‡KU ˆZwii gva¨‡g mviv †`‡kB Zv‡ì IB †`ŠivZ¥ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Avi †mB kw³kvjx wmwÛ‡K‡Ui cÖej †`ŠivZ¥ GL‡bv GB †`‡k mgvbfv‡e eRvq i‡q‡Q| IB †Mvôxi wmwÛ‡K‡Ui Kv‡Q Kvh©Z evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡KB wRw¤§ n‡q †M‡Q| GL‡bv miKvi¸‡jv IB wmwÛ‡K‡Ui Kv‡Q wRw¤§ i‡q‡Q| Zviv B‡”Q Ki‡jB miKv‡i cwieZ©b Av‡m| Zviv PvB‡j ¶gZvq Av‡m weGbwc| Zviv PvB‡j ¶gZvq Av‡m AvIqvgx jxM| Zviv PvB‡j ¶gZvq Av‡m RvZxq cvwU©| Zviv PvB‡j ¶gZvq Av‡m †mbvevwnbx| Zviv PvB‡j ¶gZvq Avm‡e RvgvqvZ| Zviv PvB‡j ¶gZvq Avm‡e Zv‡jevb| Zviv PvB‡j ¶gZvq Avm‡e †gŠjev`x †Kv‡bv Pigcš’x †Mvôx| evsjv‡`‡k IB wmwÛ‡K‡Ui gva¨‡gB mvaviYZ ¶gZvi nvZ e`j nq|

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A‡bK ZK© weZK© n‡jv| ivRy PvPv Gevi Avi mvg‡b †M‡jb bv| †QvU gvgv Zv‡ì kvš— nevi Avnevb Rvbv‡jb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì `vexi mv‡_ †QvU gvgv ivRx nb bv| †QvU gvgv‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Qb Wv³vi AvjvDÏxb PvPv| ZK© weZK© Avi †kl nq bv| ZvB †`‡L cvjwK gvwU‡Z bvwg‡q ivLv n‡jv| KviY, cvjwKi hviv †`vnvi Zv‡ì mevB ZLb A‡bKUv wei³| AvjvDÏxb PvPv dz‡jj †g‡q‡ì GKUv auvav w`‡jb| Avi ej‡jb hw` †Zvgiv auvavi mwVK Reve w`‡Z cv‡iv Zvn‡j †Zvgiv hv PvI ZvB cv‡e| Avi hw` bv cv‡iv ZLb Avgiv hv †`‡ev ZvB wb‡q mš‘ó _vK‡Z n‡e| †g‡qiv ivRx n‡jv| AvjvDÏxb PvPv auvavwU ej‡jbÑ Mv‡Qi AvMvq j‡o P‡o †NvgUv cov †KD, el©vKv‡j †hŠeb Zvi DQ‡j c‡i †XD| ivbœvN‡i KvUvKzwU Avjv`v Zvi avg, AíK_vq jR¡vq gwi e‡jv Zvi Kx bvg? dz‡jj †g‡qiv G Ii w`‡K ZvKv‡jv| avavi Reve Kv‡iv Rvbv †bB| GKmgq Zviv ivRx n‡jv AvjvDÏxb PvPvi K_vq| †QvU gvgv I‡ì nv‡Z cuvP UvKv †èvi ci ûigyi K‡i Zviv cvjwKi Dci dzj wQUv‡Z jvM‡jv| ax‡i ax‡i cvjwK Xy‡K ci‡jv evwo‡Z| N‡ii ìRvq `ye©v avb wb‡q ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb `yjvfvBÕi gv| cv‡k ivLv `y‡ai cvÎ| eo eywRÕ‡K cvjwK †_‡K bvgv‡bv n‡jv| `ye©v avb w`‡q Zv‡K eiY Ki‡jb gvHgv| `y‡ai cv‡Î cv Wyev‡bvi ci eyo eywRÕi gy‡L wgwó †Ìqv n‡jv| Zvici †KD GKRb eo eywRÕ‡K †QvÆ wkkyi g‡Zv `yÕnv‡Z Zz‡j N‡ii g‡a¨ wb‡q bvgv‡jv| Zvici Avgv‡ì mevB‡K wgwógyL Kiv‡bv n‡jv| evwoi A›ì gn‡j QzwUÕi we‡qi Lei ï‡b Avgvi eo eywRÕi we‡qi w`‡bi †mBme K_v G‡K G‡K me g‡b coj Avgvi| Zvn‡j Kx Avgv‡KI Gfv‡e GLb k¦kyi evwo †h‡Z n‡e? †Kv_vq Avgvi k¦ïi evwo? Avgv‡K †KD †Zv wKQzB Rvbv‡jv bv? Avgvi ARv‡š—B Avgvi we‡q n‡q †Mj? †g‡q‡ì we‡q eywS Gfv‡e nevi wbqg? eoiv hv wVK Ki‡e ZvB wVK? †g‡q‡ì gZvg‡Zi †Kv‡bvB g~j¨ †bB? eo‡ì K_v g‡Zv PzcPvc cvjwK wKs¤^v †bŠKvq P‡o k¦ïi evwo hvevi wbqg| Avgv‡KI †mfv‡e †h‡Z n‡e| Avwg GB m‡ei ZLb Kx eywS? Avwg ZLb bq eQ‡ii wK‡kvix| Avgvi Kx Avi we‡q msµvš— KwVb me e¨vcvi m¨vcvi †evSvi eqm n‡q‡Q? ïay eyS‡Z cvijvg Avgv‡KI k¦ïi evwo †h‡Z n‡e| GUvB †g‡q‡ì Rb¨ wbqg| †Q‡jiv evevi evwo‡Z _vK‡e| Avi †g‡qiv we‡qi ci k¦ïi evwo‡Z P‡j hv‡e| k¦ïi evwo n‡jv †g‡q‡ì Avmj wVKvbv| eo eywR Avgvi gy‡L nvZ eywj‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡jbÑ Kx‡i QzwU, †Kgb jvM‡Q? †Zvi †Zv we‡q n‡q †Mj| Rev‡e GKMvj nvwm w`‡q jR¡vq eo eywRÕi ey‡K ZLb gyL jywK‡qwQjvg|

10. gyÝxevwoi cvMjx `xN© †lvj eQi ci ivRy PvPv Avevi †`‡k wd‡i‡Qb| GB †lvj eQi †Kv_vq wQ‡jb ivRy PvPv? MÖv‡gi mevB a‡i wb‡qwQj ivRyÕi mv‡_ Avi †`Lv n‡e bv| cvjv‡Z wM‡q †Kv_vq Kxfv‡e g‡i †M‡Q †KD Rvb‡ZI cvi‡e bv| cÖ_g w`‡K Pviw`‡K †jvK jvwM‡q †LuvRv n‡jv| †KD ivRyÕi Lei w`‡Z cvij bv| GK eQ‡iI hLb ivRy‡K †Kv_vI Lyu‡R cvIqv †Mj bv ZLb mevB a‡i wbj ivRy Avi †bB| wKš‘ †Kv_vq wQj ivRy? `xN© †lvjUv eQi? GB †lvj eQ‡i e‡jk¦i cv‡i †h K‡ZvwKQz N‡U †M‡Q Zv wK ivRy Rv‡b? ivRy PvPvi gv Zv‡niv evby cvMj n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| †Q‡j nviv‡bvi †e`bv Zv‡niv evby mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| mevB hLb ivRyÕi e¨vcv‡i †LuvR †bIqv eÜ K‡i w`‡jb| a‡i wb‡jb ivRy‡K Avi cvIqv hv‡e bv| ZL‡bv ivRyÕi gv Zv‡niv evby †mB K_vwU gvb‡Z Pvbwb| Avgvi ivRy euvBPv Av‡Q| †Zviv Avgvi ivRy‡i AvBbv †`| ivRy‡i AvBbv †`, bB‡j Avwg e‡jk¦‡i Svc †`jvg| †KD Zv‡niv evby‡K K‡›Uªvj Ki‡Z cv‡ibv ZLb| c‡i ivRyÕi evev gyÝx gv‡R`yi ingv‡bi wm×v‡š— Zv‡niv evby‡K wkKj civ‡bv nq| Avgvi `v`yfvB gyÝx Avwe`yi ingvb wkKj civ‡bvi wec‡¶ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zuvi K_v †KD ïb‡jv bv| Zv‡niv evby‡K ZLb N‡i AvU‡K ivLvB fvix wec`| †h †Kv‡bv mgq my‡hvM †c‡jB e‡jk¦‡i Suvc w`‡eb wZwb| Zuvi GB wbwðZ g„Zz¨ †VKv‡Z wkKj civ‡bv n‡jv| mvivw`b Avgv‡ì evMv‡bi †kl gv_vq †hLv‡b GLb cyKzi ILv‡b GKUv kZel©x KovB Mv‡Qi m‡½ Zv‡niv evby‡K wkKj w`‡q †e‡a ivLv n‡Zv| mKvj Avi `ycy‡ii Lvevi IB KovB MvQZjvq †Ìqv n‡Zv Zuv‡K| iv‡Zi Lvevi †Ìqv n‡Zv Zuvi †kvevi N‡i| Lvevi bv †L‡j Zuvi Dc‡i Pj‡Zv AgvbywlK wbh©vZb| Zv‡niv evby me mgq GKUv `vexB Ki‡Zb| Avgvi ivRy‡i AvBbv †`| Zvici †Zv‡ì Lvevi Lv‡ev| wKš‘ ivRy‡K †Kv_vq cv‡e? Gfv‡e mvZ eQi Zv‡niv evby wkKj wb‡q KvUv‡jb| †Kej †QvU †Q‡j bvwReyj nK bvRyÕi K_v wZwb ïb‡Zb| bvRy PvPv Zuv‡K Lvevi w`‡j †mB Lvev‡i wZwb gyL jvMv‡Zb| Ab¨ †KD Lvevi w`‡j Zv wZwb Qzu‡qI †`‡Lb bv| †h Kvi‡Y ZLb bvRy PvPvi B¯‹zj ev gv`ªvmvq hvIqvI eÜ| GK †Q‡ji Kvi‡Y gv Zv‡niv evby ZLb cvMj| Avi Zuvi †`Lv‡kvbvi Rb¨ Av‡iK †Q‡ji B¯‹y‡j hvIqv eÜ| mvivw`b cvMj gv‡qi KLb Kx jvM‡e Zvi me eë¯’vB bvRy PvPv‡K Ki‡Z n‡Zv| ax‡i ax‡i bvRy PvPvI e`‡j †h‡Z jvM‡jb| mg eqwm Kv‡iv m‡½B bvRy PvPv wVK g‡Zv K_v ej‡Zb bv| AvÇv w`‡Z †h‡Zb bv| GK ai‡Yi welYœZv fi K‡iwQj bvRy PvPvi Dci| cvMj gv‡qi m‡½ mvivw`b KvU‡Zv Zuvi| Avmj NUbv Kx N‡UwQj †KD ej‡Z cv‡ibv|

bvRy PvPv bvKx ZLb cÖvK…wZK Wv‡K mvov w`‡Z evMv‡bi †fZi wM‡qwQ‡jb| KovB Mv‡Qi Zjvq wQ‡jb wkKj civ Zuvi cvMj gv Zv‡niv evby GKv| Kuv‡Pi wRwb‡m Zv‡niv evby‡K wKQz †Ìqv eviY wQj| †g‡R †Q‡j kvgmyj n‡Ki K‡qK w`b Av‡M we‡q n‡qwQj| bZzb eD kvïwoi Ggb Ae¯’vi m‡½ cwiwPZ wQj bv| wKš‘ kvïwo Zuvi Kv‡Q wKQz PvB‡j bv K‡ib Kxfv‡e? †nvK wZwb wkKj civ cvMj| wKš‘ wZwb †Zv kvgmyj n‡Ki gv| KzjQzg weweÕi kvïwo| gvÎ K‡qK w`‡bB Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ †ek mL¨Zv n‡qwQj| Zv‡niv evby bZzb eD KzjQzg wewe‡K †`L‡jB nvwm w`‡Zb| GUv IUv Rvb‡Z PvB‡Zb| †K ej‡e GB Zv‡niv evby mvZ eQi a‡i cvMj? cyÎ nviv‡bvi †e`bvq KvZi gv mvZ eQi a‡i wkKj civ GK bvix? gyÝx evwoi cÖ_g gwnjv cvMj| gyÝx Ave`yi iv¾vK Ii‡d nvwi‡q hvIqv †Q‡j ivRyÕi gv| bvwReyj nK bvRyÕi gv| Ave`yj n‡Ki gv| kvgmyj n‡Ki gv| KzjQzg wewei kvïwo, Zv‡niv evby? ZvB gyÝx evwoi bZzb eD KzjQzg wewe Zuvi kvkywoi Aby‡iva D‡c¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| Kuv‡Pi M−v‡m K‡iB cvwb †L‡Z w`‡jb kvïwo‡K| KzjQzg wewe Kx Kvi‡Y †h‡bv N‡i wM‡qwQ‡jb| wd‡i G‡mB wPrKvi w`‡jb| bZzb eD KzjQzg wewei wPrKv‡i †mw`b †MvUv gyÝx evwoi gvbyl Qz‡U G‡mwQj| wKš‘ Zv‡niv evby‡K †KD AvUKv‡Z cvi‡jv bv| Kuv‡Pi M−v‡m cvwb †L‡q IB M−vm †f‡O Zv w`‡qB Mjvq Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb| †MvUv KovBMvQ Zjv ZLb Zv‡niv evbyÕi i‡³ †f‡m †MwQj| Lei †c‡q Wv³vwi we`¨vq ZLb bZzb nv‡ZLwo AvjvDÏxb PvPvI G‡mwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zv‡niv evby‡K Avi euvPv‡bv hvqwb| cyÎ ivRy‡K bv †c‡q wb‡R wb‡RB Ifv‡e AvËvûwZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| ZviI bq eQi c‡i ivRy PvPv evwo‡Z wdi‡jb| Z‡Zvw`‡b e‡jk¦‡i K‡Zv Rj †h †Nvjv n‡q‡Q Zvi Lei †K ivL‡e| ivRy PvPv wd‡i Avmvq gyÝx evwoi cÖvq mevB Lywk| wKš‘ ivRy PvPvi evev gyÝx gv‡R`yi ingvb Lywk bb| Z‡Zvw`‡b wZwbI A‡bKUv eD‡qi g‡Zv AvPiY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ f‡q Zuv‡K †KD Avi wkKj civ‡Z cv‡i bv| gyÝx gv‡R`yi ingvb †NvlYv w`‡jbÑ I hw` evwo‡Z _vK‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j Avgvi me K_v kyb‡Z n‡e| bB‡j G‡Zvw`b †hLv‡b wQj †mLv‡b P‡j hvK| Avwg Ii gyL †`L‡Z PvB bv| ivRy PvPv evevi mvg‡b bZ n‡q cv a‡i gvd PvB‡jb| mevB e‡jjb, GBevi I‡K gvd K‡i `vI| GLb eo n‡q‡Q| GLb Avi wbðqB cvMjvwg Ki‡e bv| ZvQvov Ii Kvi‡Y gvÕUv Ifv‡e gi‡jv| G‡ZvwKQzÕi ci Avi GB †Q‡j cvMjvwg Ki‡e bv| me‡P‡q fv‡jv nq ivRy‡K GKUv we‡q w`‡q †Ìqv| Ni msmvi Ki‡e| evwo‡Z _vK‡e| Avi †Kv_vI cvjv‡e bv| †Kv‡bv Sv‡gjvI n‡ebv| ivRy‡K we‡q †Ìqvi

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16. wngvjq Kb¨vi Mí Avgvi `v`yfvB gyÝx Avwe`yi ingvb cov‡bvi duv‡K duv‡K cÖvqB Avgv‡ì Mí †kvbv‡Zb| KL‡bv †kvbv‡Zb Biv‡bi Mí| KL‡bv †kvbv‡Zb Kvey‡ji Mí| KL‡bv †kvbv‡Zb evM`v‡ì Mí| KL‡bv †kvbv‡Zb we‡j‡Zi Mí| KL‡bv †kvbv‡Zb †bcv‡ji Mí| AvR Avevi Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi Ly‡j †cjvg †mB †bcv‡ji Mí| K‡Zv wKQz †h Avgvi Ckvb Ii Wv‡qwi‡Z wj‡L †i‡L‡Q| Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi co‡Z Avgvi Lye fv‡jv jv‡M| Ckvb wj‡L‡Q wngvjq Kb¨vi MíÑ wngvjq Kb¨v †bcvj †`‡k me‡P‡q cÖfvekvjx `yBwU cwievi n‡jv kvn cwievi Avi ivbv cwievi| GB `yB cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ †hgb Av‡Q wPi kµzZv †Zgwb Avevi `yB cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì we‡qi e¨vcviwU †ek bRi Kvovi g‡Zv| c„_¡x bvivqb kvn n‡jb Ô`ªe¨ kvnÕ cwiev‡ii beg †Rbv‡ikvb| huvi nv‡Z AvaywbK †bcv‡ji Rb¥| evev ivRv bi f~cvj kv‡ni KvQ †_‡K ¶gZv cvevi c‡i c„_¡x bvivqb kvn 1743 mv‡j ¸L©v ivRv wbhy³ nb| bZzb ¸L©v ivRv c„_¡x bvivqb kvn 1744 mv‡j †bvqvKzU `Lj K‡ib| c‡ii eQi wZwb KvVgyÊy f¨vjx `Lj K‡ib|

1756 mv‡j wZwb wZeŸ‡Zi m‡½ KvVgyÊy f¨vjxi eëmvwqK †hvMv‡hvM eÜ K‡i †`b| wVK c‡ii eQi wZwb KxwZ©cyi `Lj K‡ib| IB mgq KxwZ©cy‡ii bvix I wkï e¨wZZ mKj cyi“‡li wZwb bvK I †VuvV KvUvi wb‡`©k †`b| hviv Zuvi wb‡`©k Agvb¨ K‡iwQj Zv‡ì ZLb MYnv‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj| 1769 mv‡j ivRv c„_¡x bvivqb kvn KvVgyÊy‡K †bcv‡ji ivRavbx wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡ib| 1773 mv‡j wZwb †mbv ivR¨ †PŠPwÊ `Lj K‡ib| Gici wZwb weRqcyi `Lj K‡ib| ivRv c„_¡x bvivqb kv‡ni †bcvj eZ©gvb †bcv‡ji †P‡q Aš—tZ wØ¸b eo wQj| ZLb fvi‡Zi cvÄve †_‡K wmwKg ch©š— †bcv‡ji we¯—…wZ wQj| 1723 mv‡j ivRv c„_¡x bvivqb kv‡ni wcÖg¨vPzwi R‡b¥i Kvi‡Y Zuvi gv †KŠkjëZx kv‡ni cwie‡Z© Zuv‡K cÖwZcvjb K‡ib Zuvi eo gv P›`ª cÖfveZx kvn| Avi ZLb Zuvi evev ivRv bi f~cvj kvn cÖvqB gw›`‡i cÖv_©Yv K‡i KvUv‡Zb| ZvB †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB ivóªxq e¨vcvi m¨vcv‡i c„_x¡ bvivqb‡K cÖwk¶Y †Ìqv n‡jv| 1743 mv‡j ivRv bi f~cvj kv‡ni g„Zz¨ n‡j ¸L©vi bZzb ivRv nb c„_¡x bvivqb kvn| ZLb c„_¡x bvivqb kv‡ni eqm gvÎ 20 eQi| 32 eQi cÖPÊ cÖZv‡c ¸L©v (1743 †_‡K 1769) I †bcvj (1769 †_‡K 1775) ivóª kvm‡bi ci 1775 mv‡j gvÎ 52 eQi eq‡m ivRv c„_¡x bvivqb kvn gviv hvb| ivRv c„_¡x bvivqb kv‡ni g„Zzï ci †bcv‡ji bZzb ivRv n‡jb Zuvi eo †Q‡j cÖZvc wms kvn| ivRv cÖZvc wms kvn 1751 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| gvÎ 24 eQi eq‡m †bcv‡ji ivRv n‡jI gvÎ `yB eQi c‡i 1777 mv‡j Zuvi AKvj g„Zzï Kvi‡Y †bcv‡ji bZzb ivRv nb gvÎ `yB eQi eqwm cÖZvc wms kv‡ni †Q‡j ivbv evnv`yi kvn| bZzb ivRv eq‡m GK`g †QvU nIqvq ivR `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Zuvi gv ivbx iv‡R›`ª j¶x| 1785 mv‡j ivRv ivbv evnv`yi kv‡ni gv iv‡R›`ª j¶x gviv †M‡j ivR `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi fvi c‡i wkï ivRv ivbv evnv`yi kv‡ni PvPv evnv`yi kv‡ni Dci| evnv`yi kvn ZLb †bcv‡ji AvqZb Av‡iv eo K‡ib| wZwb fvi‡Zi Mv‡ivqvj I KzgvDb GjvKv `Lj K‡ib| evnv`yi kvn 1799 mv‡j †bcv‡ji bZzb ivRv wn‡m‡e Zuvi bvevjK wkïcyÎ wMifvb hy× weµg kvn †è-Gi bvg †NvlYv K‡ib| GB wb‡q ZLb ivR cwiev‡i ïi“ nq Am‡¯—vl| 1805 mv‡j evnv`yi kvn Zuvi mrfvB †ki evnv`yi kv‡ni nv‡Z Lyb nb| ivRv wMifvb hy× weµg kvn †è bvevjK nIqvq ivR `vwqZ¡ cwiPvjbv K‡ib ivbx gvZv jwjZ wÎcyiv my›ìx I cÖavbgš¿x fxg‡mb _vcv| gvÎ 19 eQi eq‡m 1816 mv‡j ivRv wMifvb hy× weµg kvn †è gviv †M‡j †bcv‡ji bZzb ivRv nb Zuvi wkïcyÎ iv‡R›`ª weµg kvn †è| ZL‡bv †bcvj kvmb K‡ib g~jZ ivbx gvZv jwjZ wÎcyiv my›ìx I

cÖavbgš¿x fxg‡mb _vcv| GgbwK ivR ìev‡ii evB‡iI ivRv iv‡R›`ªÕi hvevi AbygwZ wgj‡Zv bv ZLb| 1832 mv‡j ivRv iv‡R›`ª cÖavbgš¿x fxg‡mb _vcv I fxg‡mb _vcvi fvwZRv gvZei wms‡K QzwiKvNvZ K‡ib| RbkÖ“wZ i‡q‡Q †h, fxg‡mb I gvZei wms wg‡j ivRv iv‡R›`ªÕi eo gvÕi †QvU †Q‡j‡K welcv‡b Lyb K‡iwQj| c‡i cÖavbgš¿x fxg‡mb _vcv 1839 mv‡j †R‡j _vKvKvjxb myBmvBW K‡ib| 1843 mv‡j ivRv iv‡R›`ª †NvlYv K‡ib †h, GKgvÎ †QvU ivbx j¶x‡èx Zuv‡K ivóªxq Kv‡R Dc‡`k w`‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi me wb‡`©k Ggb wK wbR cyÎ my‡i›`ª weµg‡KI gvb‡Z n‡e| GB wb‡q ivR cwiev‡i ZLb Avev‡iv Ø›Ø msNvZ ïi“ nq| Rs evnv`yi ZLb †bcv‡ji cÖavbgš¿x| Zuvi †bZ…©‡Z¡ 1846 mv‡j ivR ìev‡i Afy¨Ìvb nq| ivRv iv‡R›`ª I ivbx j¶x‡èx‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i †ebvikx‡Z †R‡j cvVv‡bv nq| †R‡j _vKv Ae¯’vq ivRv iv‡R›`ª ¶gZv †diZ cvevi †Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ cÖavbgš¿x Rs evnv`yi wcÖÝ my‡i›`ª weµg kvn‡K ivRv †NvlYv K‡ib Ges †Rj †_‡K †Rvic~e©K ivRv iv‡R›`ªÕi m¤§wZcÎ Av`vq K‡ib| c‡i ivRv iv‡R›`ª‡K f³cyi †R‡j wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bv nq| bZzb ivRv my‡i›`ª weµg kvn 1847 mv‡j †bcvj kvm‡bi my‡hvM cvb| wZwb 1881 mvj ch©š— ivRv wnmv‡e †bcvj kvmb K‡ib| ivRv my‡i›`ªÕi †Q‡j wcÖÝ wÎj¶ exi weµg kvn cÖavbgš¿x Rs evnv`y‡ii `yB †g‡q‡K we‡q K‡ib| wKš‘ 1878 mv‡j wcÖÝ wÎj¶ exi weµg kvn gviv †M‡j ¶gZvi DËivaxKvi nb Zuvi †Q‡j wcÖÝ c„_¡x exi weµg kvn| wcÖÝ c„_¡x exi weµg kvn 18 AvM÷ 1875 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| ivRv c„_¡x exi weµg kvnÕi eo †g‡q wcÖ‡Ým iq¨vj j¶x †èx kvn we‡q K‡ib wdì gvk©vj KvqQvi Gm‡Rwe ivbv‡K| Ges j¶x †èx bZzb ivbx nevi Rb¨ µvDb c‡ob| ZLb ch©š— ivRv c„_¡xi PviwU mš—vbB †g‡q| Gici Zuvi cyÎ mš—vb nq| Zuvi bvg wcÖÝ wÎf~eb exi weµg kvn †è| 1911 mv‡ji 11 wW‡m¤î ivRv c„_¡x exi weµg kvn †è gviv †M‡j bZzb ivRv nb Zuvi †Q‡j wÎf~eb exi weµg kvn †è| 23 Ryb 1906 mv‡j ivRv wÎf~eb exi weµg kvn †è Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| gvÎ cuvP eQi eq‡m 11 wW‡m¤î 1911 mv‡j Zuvi evev ivRv c„_¡x exi weµg kvn †è gviv †M‡j wÎf~eb exi weµg kvn †è †bcv‡ji bZzb ivRv nb| 20 †deª“qvwi 1913 mv‡j wZwb gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K ivRvi gyKzU c‡ob| Zi“Y ivRv wÎf~eb I cÖavbgš¿x GBPGBP kªx kªx P›`ª kg‡mi Rs evnv`yi ivbv ZLb Avev‡iv Kj‡n Rwo‡q c‡ob| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× cÖavbgš¿x P›`ª kg‡mi Rs evnv`yi ivbv e„‡Ub‡K mg_©b K‡ib| ivRv wÎf~eb ZLb cÖRv cwil‡ì †bZ…©Z¡ w`‡Zb| wKš‘ Zi“b ivRv‡K cÖRv‡ì mg_©Y cÖavbgš¿x P›`ª kg‡mi gvb‡Z Pvbbv| wZwb ivRv wÎf~e‡bi wcQ‡b jvM‡jb| GK

ch©v‡q ¶gZv e‡j ivRv wÎf~eb‡K mcwiev‡i fvi‡Z wbe©vm‡b cvVvb| Gici †bcv‡j bZzb cÖavbgš¿x nb †gvnb kg‡mi| wZwb ivRv wÎf~e‡bi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zuv‡K †`‡k wdwi‡q Av‡bb| 18 †deª“qvwi 1951 mv‡j ivRv wÎf~eb Avev‡iv †bcv‡ji ¶gZv †diZ cvb| 1955 mv‡ji 13 gvP© ivRv wÎf~eb gviv hvb| ZLb †bcv‡ji bZzb ivRv nb wcÖÝ g‡n›`ª exi weµg kvn †è| 1920 mv‡ji 11 Ryb ivRv g‡n›`ª exi weµg kvn †è Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| 1920 mv‡j wZwb we‡q K‡ib †Rbv‡ij nwi kg‡mi ivbvi †g‡q B›`ª ivR¨j¶x †èx‡K| ivRv g‡n›`ª exi weµg kvn †è I ivbx B›`ª ivR¨j¶x kvn †è-Gi wZb †Q‡j ex‡i›`ª, Áv‡b›`ª I ax‡i›`ª Avi wZb †g‡q kvwš—, kvi`v I †kvfv| 28 wW‡m¤î 1945 mv‡j Zuv‡ì cÖ_g mš—vb ex‡i›`ª exi weµg kvn †`‡ei Rb¥ nq| 1950 mv‡j ivbx B›`ª ivR¨j¶x gviv hvb| 1952 mv‡j ivRv g‡n›`ª Avevi ivbx B›`ªÕi †QvU †evb iZœv ivR¨j¶x †èx‡K we‡q K‡ib| 1972 mv‡j ivRv g‡n›`ª exi weµg kvn †è fvZcy‡i wkKvi Kivi Rb¨ hvb| †mLv‡b 31 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j wZwb gviv hvb| RbkÖ“wZ i‡q‡Q †h, ivRv g‡n›`ª wkKv‡ii bv‡g Avm‡j myBmvBW K‡iwQ‡jb| Gici ixwZ Abyhvqx †bcv‡ji bZzb ivRv nb ivRv g‡n›`ªÕi eo †Q‡j ex‡i›`ª exi weµg kvn †è| ivRv ex‡i›`ª n‡jb †bcv‡ji cÖ_g ivRv whwb digvj GWy‡Kkv‡bi Rb¨ we‡jZ Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb `vwR©wjs-Gi †m›U †hv‡md K‡j‡R covïbv KiwQ‡jb| 13 gvP© 1955 mv‡j Zuvi `v`yfvB ivRv wÎf~eb gviv †M‡j Zuvi evev g‡n›`ª exi weµg kvn †è †bcv‡ji bZzb ivRv nb| Avi wZwb c‡ob wcÖÝ gyKzU| Zvici wZwb 1959 mvj †_‡K 1964 mvj ch©š— e„‡U‡bi GUb K‡j‡R covïbv K‡ib| Zvici wZwb 1967 mvj †_‡K 1968 mvj ch©š— gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi nve©v‡W© ivRbxwZi Dci covïbv K‡ib| Gi Av‡M wZwb wKQz w`b Rvcv‡bi †UvwKI wek¦we`¨vj‡qI covïbv K‡ib| 27 †deª“qvwi 1970 mv‡j c„w_exi BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q RvKRgK Drm‡ei gva¨‡g we‡q K‡ib wcÖÝ ex‡i›`ª exi weµg kvn †è| †Rbv‡ij †K›`ª kg‡mi Rs evnv`yi ivbvÕi eo †g‡q Hk¦wiqv ivR¨j¶x ivbv‡K| Zuv‡ì `yB †Q‡j GK †g‡q| eo †Q‡j wcÖÝ `x‡c›`ª 27 Ryb 1972 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| Zvici 15 A‡±vei 1976 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib wcÖ‡Ým kÖ“wZ| Avi wcÖÝ wbR©‡bi Rb¥ 6 b‡f¤î 1977 mv‡j| wcÖÝ `x‡c›`ª Bsj¨v‡Ûi GUb K‡j‡R fwZ© nb 1987 mv‡j| Bsj¨v‡Û wcÖÝ `x‡c›`ªÕi †jvKvj MvwW©qvb ZLb ivRv ex‡i›`ªÕi eÜz eb©U †R‡iwg evM| †R‡iwgÕi †Q‡j Pvj©m Avi †g‡q †kjxI ZLb GUb K‡j‡R covïbv K‡ib| †kjxÕi Lye

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†mbvevwnbxi m‡½ msN‡l© Rwo‡q c‡i| †MvUv wngvjq Rbc` ZLb Akvš—| 2006 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j gvIev`xiv ivRavbx KvVgyÊyi wbqš¿Y †bIqvi Rb¨ mivmwi ivRv Áv‡b›`ªÕi wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i| 21 GwcÖj 2006 mv‡j ivRv Áv‡b›`ª †NvlYv †`b †h, wZwb ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi cQ‡›ì KvD‡K cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e g‡bvbqb w`‡Z Pvb| hv‡Z †bcv‡ji MYZš¿ i¶v cv‡e| wMwiRv cÖmv` ˆKivjv‡K ZLb Aš— e© Z©xKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq| 24 GwcÖj 2006 mv‡j ivRv Áv‡b›`ª GK †Uwjwfkb fvl‡Y 1999 mv‡ji msm`‡K Kvh©Ki †NvlYv †`b| 10 Ryb 2006 mv‡j wMwiRv cÖmv` ˆKivjvi †bZ„©‡Z¡ †bcv‡ji msm` me©m¤§wZµ‡g ivRvi mKj ¶gZv AcmviY K‡ib| msweav‡bi 167 b¤î Aby‡”Q` ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g IB w`b †bcv‡j 239 eQ‡ii ivRZ‡š¿i Aemvb N‡U| 17. cvwK¯—v‡b cÖ_g mvgwiK kvmK fviZel© fv‡Mi ci 1947 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ e„wUkiv fviZel© †_‡K we`vq wb‡jv| wKš‘ e„wUk‡ì †cÖZvZ¥v w`we¨ Avgv‡ì Nv‡oi Dci GL‡bv e‡m Av‡Q| cvwK¯—vbxiv Avgv‡ì wØZxq †kªYxi bvMwiK gh©v`v w`‡Z jvM‡jv| gymwjg wn‡m‡eI Avgiv cvwK¯—vbx‡ì Kv‡Q wØZxq †kªYxi gymjgvb| Avgv‡ì gy‡Li fvlv evsjv| wKš‘ cvwK¯—vbxiv cÖ_‡gB Avgv‡ì gy‡Li fvlv †K‡o wb‡Z PvB‡jv| evsjvi cwie‡Z© D`©y‡K Zviv ivóªfvlv Ki‡Z Pvq| GB wb‡q ïi“ n‡jv `yB cvwK¯— v‡bi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv| ivR‰bwZKfv‡e evsjvfvlx‡ì cvwK¯—vbxiv Lye fq cvq| ZvB A_©‰bwZKfv‡e Avgv‡ì GKN‡i K‡i ivLvi wm×vš— wb‡jv Zviv| mvgvwRK my‡hvM myweav †_‡K Avgv‡ì ewÂZ ivLv ïi“ n‡jv| ag©xqfv‡e Avgv‡ì †nq Kiv ïi“ n‡jv| ïi“ n‡jv c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi m¤ú` cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b Pvjvb Kivi lohš¿| cvwK¯—vbx‡ì †mB loh‡š¿i g‡a¨B 1958 mv‡j ivóª ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡jb †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lvb| ïi“ n‡jv †MvUv cvwK¯—v‡b AvBDe Lv‡bi GKbvqK kvmbZš¿| cÖvq 11 eQi Avgiv AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvm‡bi Aax‡b Avev‡iv wcô njvg| Avgvi wbi“‡Ïk †Q‡j Ckvb Zvi Wv‡qwi‡Z mvgwiK Rvš—v AvBDe Lvb m¤ú‡K© Kx wj‡L‡Q †`wLÑ 1907 mv‡ji 14 †g fvi‡Zi DËi-cwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`‡ki nwicyi †Rjvi †invbv MÖv‡g Zvwib †Mv‡Îi cvVvb cwiev‡i AvBDe Lv‡bi Rb¥| Zuvi evev gxi `v` Lvb Zvwib wQ‡jb e„wUk fviZxq †mbv evwnbxi nWmÝ n‡m©i GKRb wimvj`vi †gRi| †QvU‡ejvq Zuv‡K wbR evwo †_‡K 4 gvBj `~‡i mivB mv‡jn B¯‹‡z j fwZ© Kiv nq| c‡i Zuv‡K nwicy‡ii GKwU B¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv nq| †mLv‡b wZwb bvbxi Kv‡Q

_vK‡Zb| 1922 mv‡j AvBDe Lvb AvjxMo gymwjg BDwbfvwm©wU‡Z fwZ© nb| wKš‘ MÖvRy‡q‡kvb †kl Kivi Av‡MB iq¨vj wgwjUvwi GKv‡Wgx mvÜnv‡÷© wZwb PvÂ cvb| Avwg© cÖwk¶Y mdjZvi m‡½ †kl K‡i 1928 mv‡ji 2 †deª“qvwi wZwb Avwg© Kwgkb jvf K‡ib Ges 14 cvÄve †iwR‡g‡›Ui 1g e¨vUvwjq‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i mgq AvBDe Lvb †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j c`gh©`vq DbœxZ nb Ges 14 cvÄve †iwR‡g‡›Ui 1g e¨vUvwjq‡bi KgvÛvi nb| GB e¨vUvwjqbB c‡i evg©v d«‡›U hy× K‡i 5g cvÄve †iwR‡g›U bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvq| 1947 mv‡ji 14 I 15 AvM÷ cvwK¯—vb I fviZ e„wUk‡ì †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv jvf Ki‡j AvBDe Lvb cvwK¯—vb †mbv evwnbx‡Z 10g wmwbqi Awdmvi wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb ZLb weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij c` jvf K‡ib| ZLb Zuv‡K GK weª‡MU ˆm‡bï KgvwÛs Awdmvi wnmv‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi Iqvwnwi¯—v‡b `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq| 1948 mv‡j wZwb †gRi †Rbv‡ij c‡` DbœxZ n‡q 14Zg Bb‡dbwUª wWwfkv‡bi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi KgvwÛs Awdmvi wnmv‡e XvKvq Av‡mb| IB mgq wZwb †mbvevwnbx‡Z K…wZZ¡c~Y© Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ Ôwnjvj-B-RyivZÕ Dcvax‡Z f~wlZ nb| 17 Rvbyqvwi 1951 mv‡j wZwb cÖ_g cvwK¯—vbx wn‡m‡e e„wUk †Rbv‡ij m¨vi WMjvm †MÖwmÕi KvQ †_‡K cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb wbhy³ nb| †gRi †Rbv‡ij Bd‡ZLvi Lv‡bi cvwK¯—v‡bi †mbvcÖavb nevi K_v wQj| jÛ‡b †Uªwbs †kl K‡i `vwqZ¡ †bevi R‡b¨ cvwK¯—v‡b Avmvi c‡_ wegvb `yN©Ubvq wZwb wbnZ nb| cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij I cÖwZi¶v mwPe B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v ZLb `yBRb wmwbqi Awdmvi †gRi †Rbv‡ij †gvnv‡¤§` AvKei Lvb I †gRi †Rbv‡ij GbGGg †iRv-‡K Uc‡K AvBDe Lvb‡K †mbvcÖavb K‡ib| KviY, B¯‹v›`vi wgR©vi m‡½ Zuvi m¤úK© A‡bK fv‡jv wQj| 23 gvP© 1956 mv‡j cvwK¯—vb msweavb cÖeZ©b K‡i Ges Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij c`‡K †cÖwm‡W›U c‡` cwieZ©b Kiv nq| B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v cvwK¯—vb b¨vkbvj A¨v‡m¤^wji g‡bvbq‡b cÖ_g cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnb K‡ib| bZzb †cÖwm‡W›U `yB cvwK¯—v‡bi Aw¯’i ivRbxwZ mvgvj w`‡Z wngwkg Lvb| gvÎ `yB eQ‡i wZwb Pvi Rb‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x evbvb| †PŠayix †gvnv¤§` Avjx, †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x, Beªvnxg BmgvBj PwÛªMo I wd‡ivR Lvb byb| †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lv‡bi civg‡k© ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv e‡Ü †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v 7 A‡±vei 1958 mv‡j `yB cvwK¯—v‡b mvgwiK kvmb Rvix K‡ib| Ges †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb AvBDe Lvb‡K cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`b| 27 A‡±vei 1958 mv‡j GK i³cvZnxb Afy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g

†Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lvb cvwK¯—v‡bi ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib Ges wb‡R‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v‡K jÛ‡b wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bv nq| cvwK¯—v‡b cÖ_g mvgwiK Afy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g ¶gZv MÖnb K‡i AvBDe Lvb wb‡Ri mvgwiK c` gh©v`v 5 ÷vi wdì gvk©vj †Rbv‡i‡j DbœxZ K‡ib| ïi“ nq cvwK¯— v‡b AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvmb| 1960 mv‡j wZwb †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui RbwcÖqZv hvPvB‡qi GK cvZv‡bv †fvU †M‡gi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| Avcbvi Kx wdì gvk©vj †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lv‡bi Dci Av¯’v Av‡Q? n¨v ev bv hy³ IB †fv‡U †`Lv‡bv nq †h kZKiv 95.60 fvM †jvK AvBDe Lv‡bi Dci Av¯’vkxj| GKB Kvq`vq evsjv‡`‡k 1978 mv‡j †mbv kvmK †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb n¨v bv Gi †cÖwm‡Ww›Uqvj B‡jKkb K‡iwQ‡jb| ¶gZvq wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lvb 1965 mv‡ji 2 Rvbyqvwi Av‡iKwU †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| IB wbe©vP‡b `yB cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavb cuvPwU we‡ivax`j cvwK¯—v‡bi RbK †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvnÕi †evb dvwZgv wRbœvn‡K mg_©b †`q| wKš‘ AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK miKv‡ii KviPzwci wbe©vPbx djvd‡j †`Lv hvq AvBDe Lvb kZKiv 64 fvM †fvU †c‡q weRqx n‡q‡Qb| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b ZLb †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ…©‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jxM Ges cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡ÆvÕi †bZ…©‡Z¡ cvwK¯—vb wccjm cvwU© AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvm‡bi wei“‡× †Rvi Av‡›`vjb ïi“ K‡i| Iw`‡K AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK evwnbx R¤^y Kvk¥x‡i Acv‡ikvb wReªvjUvi ïi“ K‡i| GB wb‡q 1965 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m fviZ cvwK¯—v‡bi g‡a¨ wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv Kvk¥xi wb‡q hy× †j‡M hvq| †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m RvwZms‡Ni ga¨¯’Zvq Dfq c¶ hy× weiwZ cvjb K‡i| GiB avivevwnKZvq †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi DR‡ewK¯—v‡bi ZvmL‡›` 4 Rvbyqvwi 1966 mv‡j †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi cÖavbgš¿x Av‡jw· †KvwmwR‡bi ga¨¯’Zvq fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿x I cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U AvBDe Lvb kvwš— Av‡jvPbv ïi“ K‡ib| 10 Rvbyqvwi 1966 mv‡j DR‡ewK¯—v‡b fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿x I cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wdì gvk©vj AvBDe Lvb ZvmL›` kvwš— Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡ib| IB w`b Mfxi iv‡Z A_©¨vr 11 Rvbyqvwi 1966 mv‡ji ivZ 01:32 GGg Uvq fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿x nvU© G¨vUv‡K gviv hvb| jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿x n‡jv GKgvÎ BwÛqvb cÖavbgš¿x whwb we‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z `vwqZ¡iZ Ae¯’vq gviv hvb| cÖK…Z RbkÖ“wZ n‡jv, jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿x‡K Lvev‡ii m‡½ wel wgwk‡q †`Iqv n‡qwQj| KviY, IB w`b mÜ¨vq †mvwf‡qZ cÖavbgš¿x Av‡jw· †KwmwRb, cvwK¯— v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U wdì gvk©vj AvBDe Lvb I fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿x GKm‡½ ZvmL‡›` mvÜ¨‡fuvR K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi IB †fuvRmfv wb‡qB IB ¸Re|

jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿xi Lvev‡i wel wgkv‡bv wQj| KviY, kv¯¿xi kixi ax‡i ax‡i bxj n‡q wM‡qwQj| Gi Av‡M Zuvi `yB evi nvU© G¨vUvK n‡qwQj ZvB GwU‡KI nvU© G¨vUvK e‡j ZLb Pvwj‡q †Ìqv n‡qwQj| ZLb GKRb ivwkqvb cvPK‡K IB NUbvq RwoZ m‡›`‡n †MÖdZviI Kiv n‡qwQj| ivwkqvi m‡½ fvi‡Zi m¤úK© bó n‡e GB Ahynv‡Z jvj evnv`yi kv¯¿xÕi g„Zz¨ AvR ch©š— inm¨gqB †_‡K †Mj| ivRbxwZ K‡Zv fqvbK? gvIjvbv fvmvbx I RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡ÆvÕi cÖej we‡ivaxZvi gy‡L wdì gvk©vj AvBDe Lvb Ab¨vb¨ we‡ivax`j ¸‡jvi m‡½ 1969 mv‡j †b‡Mvwm‡qkvb êVK ïi“ K‡ib| wKš‘ RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv †Mvc‡b cvwK¯—vb Avwg©‡K Dm‡K †Ìqvq 1969 mv‡ji 25 gvP© cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb GK i³cvZnxb Afy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g AvBDe Lvb‡K nwU‡q ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib| Gi Av‡M 1966 mv‡j 7 Rb wmwbqi †Rbv‡ij‡K Uc‡K me‡P‡q wek¯’ †Rbv‡ij wn‡m‡e Bqvwnqv Lvb‡K AvBDe Lvb †mbvcÖavb evwb‡qwQ‡jb| Avi Zvi nv‡ZB Zuv‡K ¶gZv Qvo‡Z n‡jv| 19 GwcÖj 1974 mv‡j AvBDe Lvb Zuvi †g‡qi m‡½ †`Lv K‡iZ hvb Bmjvgvev‡ì ¯^vZ kn‡i| RbkÖ“wZ n‡jv, †mLv‡b GKRb d‡UvMÖvdvi d¬vm K¨v‡giv w`‡q Zuvi Qwe †Zv‡jb| Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ IB d¬v‡m ZLb †iwWI GKwUf †i cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B AvBDe Lv‡bi kixi IB †iwWI GKwUf †iÕi gva¨‡g Avµvš— nq Ges wZwb NUbv¯’‡jB gviv hvb| AvBDe Lv‡bi GKRb †Kwe‡bU gš¿x IB Qwe cÖKvk Kivi `vex Rvbv‡jI AvR ch©š— †mB Qwe Avi cÖKvk Kiv nqwb| AvBDe Lv‡bi RvbvRvq cvwK¯—v‡bi BwZnv‡m me© e„nZ Rb mgvMg n‡qwQj hv Zuvi RbwcÖqZvi ewntcÖKvk wn‡m‡e †KD †KD `vex K‡ib| 18. evsjv‡`‡ki †iwgU¨vÝ ebvg n‡Ri LiP K‡qKw`b a‡i Avgvi Lye RvDfvZ †L‡Z B‡”Q K‡i| GB K_v ï‡b eDgv wbi“ ejj, N‡i †Kv‡bv AvZc Pvj †bB| wbkvb‡K e‡jb, Kj †_‡K avb †f‡O AvbyK| Zvici Avcbvi h‡Zv Lywk RvDfvZ Lv‡eb| Rev‡e Avwg ejjvg, †gwk‡bi fvOv av‡b †h Pvj IB Pv‡ji RvDfvZ Avgvi fv‡jv jv‡M bv| cvi‡j †XuwK‡Z avb fv‡Ov| bB‡j IB RvBfvZ fv‡jv jvM‡e bv| Avgvi K_v ï‡b eDgv wbi“ ejj, Ggwb‡ZI Avgv‡ì Pvj cÖvq †kl| avb bv fvO‡j Kvj †_‡K ivbœvI eÜ| Rev‡e ejjvg, †Zvgv‡ì hv Lywk K‡iv| Avwg wKQz Rvwb bv| Zvici Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwiUv wb‡q co‡Z emjvg| eDgv wbi“ evMv‡bi w`‡K †h‡Z †h‡Z ejj, Wv‡qwi co‡j

Ibvi RvDfvZ ivbœv n‡q hv‡e, h‡Zv me Zvgvkv| Avwg †QvÆ GKUv `xN©k¦vm †d‡j Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi‡Z †PvL †Nvivjvg| Wv‡qwii GB cvZvq Ckvb wj‡L‡QÑ we‡`‡k Aš—tZ mËi jv‡LiI †ewk evsjv‡`kx gvbyl KvR K‡i| cÖevmx evsjv‡`kxiv cÖwZ eQi Zuv‡ì Kóvwh©Z Av‡qi †h AskwU ê‡`wkK gy`ªvq evsjv‡`‡k cvVvq A_©bxwZi fvlvq Zv‡K ejv nq †iwgU¨vÝ| cÖwZ eQi cÖevmx evsjv‡`kx‡ì cvVv‡bv ê‡`wkK gy`ªvi cwigvY µgea©gvb nv‡i evo‡Q| eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 73 jvL cÖevmx evsjv‡`kx‡ì cvVv‡bv †iwgU¨v‡Ýi cwigvY 10 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi ev 70 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| evsjv‡`‡ki ê‡`wkK Av‡qi me‡P‡q eo LvZ GLb cÖevmx evsjv‡`kx‡ì cvVv‡bv GB †iwgU¨vÝ| hv cÖwZ eQi Aš—tZ M‡o kZKiv 17 fvM nv‡i evo‡Q| †mB m‡½ cÖwZ eQi evo‡Q evsjv‡`k †_‡K we‡`‡k hvIqv evsjv‡`kx kªgkw³| cÖevmx evsjv‡`kx kªgkw³ GLb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb ê‡`wkK gy`ªv AR©‡bi gva¨g| Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖwZ eQi miKvwi fv‡e cÖvq GK jvL 20 nvRvi †jvK †mŠw` Avi‡e nR¡ cvjb Ki‡Z hvq | Avi †emiKvwi ev cÖvB‡fU fv‡e nR¡ Ki‡Z hvq Av‡iv Aš—tZ GK jvL †jvK| A_©¨vr Igov nR¡ wnmve Ki‡j cÖwZ eQi evsjv‡`k †_‡K Aš—tZ `yB †_‡K AvovB †jvK nR¡ cvj‡b †mŠw` Avie Mgb K‡i| nR¡ gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ GKwU cweÎ ag©xq KvR| nhiZ gyn¤§` (m.) nR¡ †K gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ diR wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| GB nR¡ gymjgvb‡ì R‡b¨ cweÎ KvR n‡jI †mŠw` Avi‡ei R‡b¨ Zv me‡P‡q eo A_©‰bwZK Av‡qi Drm| cÖwZ eQi mviv wek¦ †_‡K Aš—tZ 2.5 wgwjqb †jvK evwl©K nR¡ cvjb Ki‡Z †mŠw` Avie hvq| GQvov Igov nR¡ cvjb Ki‡Z hvq Aš—tZ Av‡iv 2.5 wgwjqb †jvK| A_©¨vr cÖwZ eQi cÖvq 5 wgwjqb †jvK ag©xq Kv‡R ïaygvÎ nR¡ cvj‡bi R‡b¨ †mŠw` Avie ågY K‡i| GB 5 wgwjqb ev 50 jvL †jv‡Ki nR¡ Li‡Pi UvKvUv cvq †mŠw` miKvi| †mŠw` miKv‡ii me‡P‡q eo A_©‰bwZK Av‡qi Drm n‡jv nR¡ †_‡K Avq| evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Mwie †`k †_‡K cÖwZ eQi Aš—tZ cÖvq wZb jvL †jvK nR¡ cvj‡bi R‡b¨ †mŠw` Avie Mgb K‡i| GKRb †jv‡Ki miKvwi fv‡e evsjv‡`k †_‡K nR¡ Ki‡Z †M‡j LiP c‡o 2 jvL 30 nvRvi UvKv †_‡K 2 jvL 70 nvRvi UvKv| †emiKvwi fv‡e evsjv‡`k †_‡K nR¡ LiP M‡o 4 jvL UvKv †_‡K 6 jvL UvKv| A_©¨vr miKvwi fv‡e 1 jvL 20 nvRvi †jv‡Ki †hLv‡b cÖwZ eQi nR¡ LiP nq M‡o cÖvq 300 †KvwU UvKv| Avi †emiKvwi fv‡e evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖvq †ò jvL †jv‡Ki nR¡ LiP cÖwZ eQi M‡o cÖvq 750 †KvwU UvKv| A_©¨vr cÖwZ eQi evsjv‡`k †_‡K †mŠw` Avi‡e nR¡ Ki‡Z wM‡q evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl cÖvq GK nvRvi

†KvwU UvKvi Dc‡i LiP K‡i| hv gvwK©b Wjv‡i cÖvq 15 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| A_©¨vr 10 wewjqb ev GK nvRvi wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi †hLv‡b Avgv‡ì evwl©K †iwgU¨vÝ †_‡K Avq, †mLv‡b Avgv‡ì evwl©K nR¡ LiP cÖvq 15 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| A_©¨vr †iwgU¨vÝ †_‡K Av‡qi GKwU wekvj Ask ev 15 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi cÖwZ eQi Avevi nR¡ cvj‡bi Kvi‡Y webv evavq evsjv‡`k †_‡K †mŠw` Avi‡e P‡j hv‡”Q| cÖwZ eQi we‡`‡k ißvwb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Avq M‡o 17 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| Avi cÖwZ eQi we‡`‡k †_‡K Avgv`vwb `ª‡eï R‡b¨ evsjv‡`‡ki evwl©K LiP M‡o 25 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| A_©¨vr evsjv‡`‡ki evwl©K Avq-e¨q êlg¨ cÖvq 8 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| gv‡b cÖwZ eQi Avgiv cÖvq 8 †_‡K 10 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi ev 70 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv NvUwZ ev †`bv wb‡q eQi †kl KiwQ| GB NvUwZ evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Avq †_‡K cwi‡kva Kiv nq| Avi Avgiv †mB †`‡ki weP¶Y RbMY cÖwZ eQi n‡Ri R‡b¨ LiP Kwi 15 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi ev GK nvRvi 50 †KvwU UvKv| mwZ¨ wewPÎ †mjyKvm, wewPÎ evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl| AvR ch©š— evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZweìv Avgv‡ì ê‡`wkK Av‡qi m‡½ ê‡`wkK Li‡Pi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvq n‡Ri LiP‡K wePvi K‡ibwb| wePvi K‡ibwb cÖevmx evsjv‡`kx‡ì cvVv‡bv †iwgU¨v‡Ýi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki n‡Ri LiP| Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl Rvwbbv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ eQi ïaygvÎ wW‡d‡Ýi R‡b¨ K‡Zv nvRvi †KvwU UvKv e¨q nq| Avgiv Rvwb bv †K‡bv evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki wW‡dÝ LiP AcÖKvwkZ ivLv nq| ewnwe©‡k¦ eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 73 jvL evsjv‡`kx kªwgK KvR K‡ib| GB me cÖevmx evsjv‡`kx kªwgK‡ì Kóvwh©Z Av‡qi †h AskwU evsjv‡`‡k ê‡`wkK gy`ªv wn‡m‡e Av‡m Zv Avevi Avgv‡ì A`¶ I A`~i`k©x miKvi¸‡jv we‡`k †_‡K A¯¿ †Mvjvevi“` wd«‡MU hy× wegvb µ‡q hLb Lywk ZLb e¨q K‡ib| wd«‡MU Avi hy× wegvb µ‡q Avevi we‡`kx‡ì APj n‡q hvIqv cyi‡bv hy× hš¿vs‡ki w`‡KB Avgv‡ì ivRbxwZwe`‡ì †ewk Uv‡M©U| K‡qK eQi bv †h‡ZB gnvg~jëvb IB me hy× hš¿vsk Avevi bó n‡q hvevi wbqg| gvSLv‡b IB hy× hš¿vsk µq eve` GKwU †kªYxi c‡K‡U Xy‡K hvq †KvwU †KvwU UvKv| hv RbMY †Kv‡bv w`b Rvb‡Z cv‡i bv| GB ivR‰bwZK KvjPvi Pvjy n‡q‡Q Avgvi cÖvYwcÖq evsjv‡`‡k| nvq‡i Avgvi AfvMv RvZx, nvq‡i Avgvi `yf©vMv Kcvj|

19. e½eÜzi Qq `dv K‡qK w`b Avgvi kixiUv fv‡jv †bB| mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡V bvgvR cwo| AvR bvgvRI co‡Z cvwiwb| Wv³vi AvjvDÏxb PvPv G‡m GKUv Bb‡RKkvb w`‡jb| ï‡q _vKvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| Rvbvjv¸‡jv me Ly‡j †`evi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| cvi‡j Avwg †h‡bv GKUz NygvB| wKš‘ AvjvDÏxb PvPv P‡j hvevi ci Avgvi Avevi Nyg fvO‡jv| †MvUv Ni w`‡bi Av‡jvq Av‡jvwKZ| GK M−vm cvwb †Ljvg| M−vm †i‡L cvk wd‡i ï‡q †`wL Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwiUv †Lvjv c‡o Av‡Q| Wv‡qwii IB †Lvjv cvZv †_‡KB Avwg cov ïi“ Kijvg| Ckvb wj‡L‡Q e½eÜzi Qq `dv GKwU ivR‰bwZK c`‡¶c| Avi evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ GB Qq `dv n‡jv cÖ_g AvbyôvwbK gš¿| cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi m‡½ c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK `~iZ¡ w`b w`b evo‡Z _vKvq c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi we‡ivax`jxq †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb evOvwj RvZxqZvev` Av‡›`vj‡bi †MvovcËb K‡ib HwZnvwmK Qq `dv cÖ¯—ve †ck Kivi gva¨‡g| ZvmL›` Pzw³i gva¨‡g fviZ cvwK¯—vb hy× eÜ n‡j ivR‰bwZK A_©‰bwZK Bmy¨‡Z 1966 mv‡ji 6 †deª“qvwi †kL gywReyi ingvb cvwK¯—v‡bi jv‡nv‡i HwZnvwmK Qq `dv `vex †ck K‡ib| GB Qq `dv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB cieZ©x‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb †eMevb nq| HwZnvwmK Qq `dvÕi †jLKiv n‡jb W±i †ingvb †mvenvb, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wd‡jvmwc wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi †Mvwe›` P›`ª †`e, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv I Bs‡iwR wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi gybxi †PŠayix I W±i Kvgvj †nv‡mb| e½eÜz jv‡nv‡i †h Qq `dv `vex DÌvcb K‡ib †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ 1. The constitution should provide for a Federation of Pakistan in its true sense based on the Lahore Resolution and the parliamentary form of government with supremacy of a Legislature directly elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. 2. The federal government should deal with only two subjects: Defence and Foreign Affairs, and all other residual subjects should be vested in the federating states. 3. Two separate, but freely convertible currencies for two wings should be introduced; or if this is not feasible, there should be one currency for the whole country, but effective constitutional provisions should be introduced to stop the flight of capital from East to West Pakistan. Furthermore, a

separate Banking Reserve should be established and separate fiscal and monetary policy be adopted for East Pakistan. 4. The power of taxation and revenue collection should be vested in the federating units and the federal centre would have no such power. The federation would be entitled to a share in the state taxes to meet its expenditures. 5. There should be two separate accounts for the foreign exchange earnings of the two wings; the foreign exchange requirements of the federal government should be met by the two wings equally or in a ratio to be fixed; indigenous products should move free of duty between the two wings, and the constitution should empower the units to establish trade links with foreign countries. 6. East Pakistan should have a separate militia or paramilitary force. HwZnvwmK 6 `dv †NvlYvi ci mviv c~e©e‡½ AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvm‡bi wei“‡× Ges cvwK¯—v‡bi ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK †kvl‡Yi wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb `vbv eva‡Z ïi“ K‡i| AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK miKvi †kL gywRe‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i KvivMv‡i †cÖiY K‡i| GB mgq AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK miKvi †_‡K `vex Kiv nq †h, fvi‡Zi wÎcyiv iv‡R¨i AvMiZjvq e‡m fviZ miKv‡ii cÖZ¨¶ g`‡` cvwK¯—vb‡K fvM Kivi lohš¿ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kL gywRe mn 35 Rb evOvwjÕi wei“‡× ZLb cvK †mbvevwnbx AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i| AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi Avmvgxiv n‡jb 1. †kL gywReyi ingvb, 2. Avn‡g` dRjyi ingvb wmGmwc, 3. KgvÛvi †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb, 4. ÷zqvW© gywReyi ingvb, 5. cÖv³b GjGm myjZvbDÏxb Avng`, 6. GjGmwmwWAvB b~i †gvnv¤§`, 7. d¬vBU mv‡R©›U gvnwdR Dj−vn, 8. K‡c©vivj Ave`ym mvgv`, 9. cÖv³b nvwej`vi `wjj DÏxb, 10. i“ûj KzÏym wmGmwc, 11. d¬vBU mv‡R©›U †gvt dRjyj nK, 12. wef~wZf~lY †PŠayix Ii‡d gvwbK †PŠayix, 13. weavb K„ò †mb, 14. my‡e`vi Ave`yi iv¾vK, 15. cÖv³b K¬vK© gywReyi ingvb, 16. cÖv³b d¬vBU mv‡R©›U Ave`yi iv¾vK, 17. mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK, 18. Gwe Lyiwk`, 19. Lvb †gvnv¤§` kvgmyi ingvb wmGmwc, 20. G‡KGg kvgmyj nK, 21. nvwej`vi AvwRRyj nK, 22. gvndzRyj evix, 23. mv‡R©›U kvgmyj nK, 24. kvgmyj Avjg, 25. K¨v‡ßb †gvt Ave`yj †gvZv‡je,

26. K¨v‡ßb G. mvLvIqvZ Avjx wgTv, 27. K¨v‡ßb L›`Kvi bvRgyj û`v, 28. K¨v‡ßb GGbGg byi“¾vgvb, 29. mv‡R©›U Ave`yj Rwjj, 30. gvneye DÏxb †PŠayix, 31. †jd‡Ub¨v›U Gg. ingvb, 32. cÖv³b my‡e`vi ZvRyj Bmjvg, 33. Avjx †iRv, 34. K¨v‡ßb Lyiwk` DÏxb Avn‡g` Ges 35. †jd‡Ub¨v›U Ave`yi iDd| 1967 mv‡j cvwK¯—vb wegvb evwnbxi mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK‡K AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq †MÖdZvi K‡i XvKv KvivMv‡i †cÖiY Kiv nq| c‡i AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK mn Av‡iv K‡qKRb e›`x‡K XvKv KvivMvi †_‡K wRÁvmvev‡ì Rb¨ Kzwg©‡Uvjv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U †bIqv nq| miKvwi wm×vš— Abyhvqx, 6 †deª“qvwi 1969 mv‡j AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi ivq †NvlYvi K_v ejv nq| Iw`‡K mviv c~e©e‡½ ZLb AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii Rb¨ mvgwiK miKv‡ii Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cÖej MY Av‡›`vjb ïi“ nq| GB mgq 6 `dvi cwie‡Z© 11 `dvi `vex‡Z mviv c~e©e‡½ Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Z _v‡K| Av‡›`vj‡bi Kvi‡Y mvgwiK miKvi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi ZvwiL Lye †KŠk‡j wcwQ‡q †`q| 15 †deª“qvwi 1969 mv‡j mKvj †ejvq GKRb cvwK¯—vbx nvwej`vi Kzwg©‡Uvjv mve †R‡j mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK‡K ¸wj K‡i| ivZ 10 Uvq XvKv wmGgGB‡P mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK gviv hvq| GB Lei Qwo‡q ci‡j mviv c~e© evsjvq Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv duy‡m I‡V| Av‡›`vjb eÜ Ki‡Z 22 †deª“qvwi 1969 mv‡j AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK miKvi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| †kL gywRe mn Ab¨vb¨ e›`x‡ì ZLb gyw³ †Ìqv nq| 23 †deª“qvwi 1969 mv‡j †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì D‡`¨v‡M †kL gywRe‡K msea©Yvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| Dcw¯’Z cÖvq 10 jvL QvÎ-RbZvi IB msea©Yv Abyôv‡b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ msm` WvKmyÕi wfwc QvÎ‡bZv †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` †kL gywRe‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Ôe½eÜzÕ Dcvax‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib| e½eÜz IB †im‡Kv‡m©i msea©Yv Abyôv‡bi fvl‡Y QvÎ mgv‡Ri 11 `dv `vexi cÖwZ c~Y© mg_©Y Rvbvb| 1969 mv‡ji 25 gvP© cvwK¯—vb †mbv evwnbxi †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb GK i³cvZnxb Afy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g AvBDe Lvb‡K nwU‡q ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib| Gici AvBDe Lvb ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b XvKvq me© `jxq Kbdv‡i‡Ýi WvK †`b| me© `jxq Kbdv‡i‡Ý †kL gywRe mvgwiK miKvi‡K 6 `dv `vex †g‡b †bIqvi Rb¨ Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| wKš‘ mvgwiK miKvi Zv †g‡b bv wb‡j me©`jxq ivR‰bwZK †bZviiv ZLb Kbdv‡iÝ †_‡K IqvKAvBU K‡ib| Gici 5 wW‡m¤î 1969 mv‡j †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi g„Zz¨ evwl©Kx‡Z GK Rbmfvq †kL gywRe

†NvlYv †`b †h, AvR †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi bvg n‡e evsjv‡`k| mevB GLb †_‡K c„w_exi gvbwP‡Î evsjv‡`k‡K evOvwj‡ì †`k wn‡m‡e wPb‡e| ZLb mviv †`‡k e½eÜz †kL gywRe evOvwji GKK †bZv wn‡m‡e Avwef~©Z nb| mevB †k−vMvb †`b GK †bZv GK †`k, evsjv‡`k evsjv‡`k| †bZv †gv‡ì †kL gywRe| Rq evsjv| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb K‡iv| 6 `dv I 11 `dv `vex Qvwo‡q ZLb mevB GK `dv `vex DÌvcb K‡ib| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb Ki‡Z n‡e| GK †bZv †kL gywRe| GK †`k evsjv‡`k| †MvUv c~e©e½ ZLb Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi mvgwiK Rvš—vi wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb gyLi| Av‡›`vjb‡K avgv Pvcv †èvi Rb¨ Ges cvwK¯—vb‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ ZLb mvgwiK Rvš—v mviv cvwK¯—v‡b mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv †`b| Av‡›`vjb ZLb wbe©vPbx K¨v‡¤úB‡b iƒc †bq| A‡±ve‡i GB wbe©vPb nevi K_v wQj| wKš‘ cÖej eb¨vi Kvi‡Y Avev‡iv wbe©vPb wcQv‡bvi my‡hvM cvq mvgwiK Rvš—v| bZzb wmwWD‡j 7 wW‡m¤î 1970 mv‡j Dfq cvwK¯—v‡b mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL wba©vwiZ nq| IB mgq ¯§iYKv‡ji me‡P‡q fqsKi N~wY©So †MvwK© evsjv‡`‡k AvNvZ nv‡b| hv †fvjv N~wY©So bv‡g cwiwPwZ cvq| Avi co‡Z cvwibv| Avgvi †PvL †f‡O Nyg Avm‡jv| Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwiUv cv‡k †i‡L Avevi Avwg Nywg‡q †Mjvg| 20. KwZcq evOvwj ivRbxwZwe` Ckv‡bi evevI Wv‡qwi wjL‡Zb| Z‡e †mB Wv‡qwii cvZvq Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwii g‡Zv G‡Zv BwZnvm _vK‡Zv bv| Ckv‡bi evevi Wv‡qwi¸‡jv‡Z †jLv _vK‡Zv `ywbqvi msmvix me wnmve wbKvk| Z‡e GKUv meyR Wv‡qwi wQj, †hLv‡b Ckv‡bi evev Avgv‡ì we‡qi w`b ¶Y, mKj †Q‡j‡g‡qi Rb¥ ZvwiL, evsjv I Bs‡iwR mvj, w`b ¶Y Gme wj‡L †i‡LwQ‡jb| Ckv‡bi evevi eÜz wkeP›`ª wniv GKRb cvKv †R¨vwZwl| Ckv‡bi evevi †P‡q eq‡m Dwb eQi Lv‡bK eo| wKš‘ †mB †QvÆ‡ejv †_‡KB Zv‡ì eÜzZ¡| †mB my`„p eÜzZ¡ Ckv‡bi evevi g„Zz¨ ch©š— wngvj‡qi g‡Zv AUzU wQj| wkeP›`ª wnivi ¯^M©xq gv Ckv‡bi evev‡K evev †W‡KwQ‡jb| †mB †_‡K Ibviv bvbv-bvZx| wkeP›`ª wniv wb‡R A‡bK Alya evbvb| gvwUfvOv evRv‡i Ibvi wb‡Ri GKUv dv‡g©wmI Av‡Q| GQvov Dwb gvwUfvOv, euvkevwoqv, wPZjgvix I w`NxiRv‡bi nvU K‡ib| IB me nv‡U Ibvi cÖPzi f³ Avi †ivMx Av‡Q| nvU †k‡l evwo‡Z †divi ci Ckv‡bi evevi m‡½ nv‡Ui me Mí K‡ib| Avi Ibv‡ì M‡íi g‡a¨ nvwmi nj−v e‡q hvq| Wv³vi wkeP›`ª wniv Avgv‡K Wv‡Kb bvbxRvb| †mB wn‡m‡e Dwb Avgv‡ì bvZx| Avgv‡ì

me †Q‡j‡g‡qi Kvi Kx ivwk, KLb Kvi fv‡M¨ Kx n‡Z cv‡i, GB me wb‡q Ckv‡bi evev Avi wke bvZx K‡Zv w`b K‡Zv NÈv †h cvi K‡i‡Q Zvi wn‡me †bB| Ckv‡bi evev wke bvZxi civgk© g‡Zv †R¨vwZl kv‡¯¿i mKj wbqg Kvbyb h_vmg‡q AbymiY Ki‡Zb| KLb av‡bi exR w`‡Z n‡e, KLb avb KvUv ïi“ Ki‡Z n‡e, KLb Rwg‡Z km¨ eyb‡Z n‡e, KLb gwi‡Pi Pviv †ivcb Ki‡Z n‡e BZ¨vw` me dmwj wn‡me wb‡Kk wke bvZxi civgk© Abyhvqx Ckv‡bi evev RxeÏkvq cÖvq me mgqB AbymiY K‡iwQ‡jb| wke bvZx Avgv‡ì mKj †Q‡j‡g‡qi Kzwô iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Avgv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì †mB KzwôI Ckv‡bi evevi IB meyR Wv‡qwi‡Z †jLv wQj| Ckvb wbi“‡Ïk nevi ci †_‡K IB meyR Wv‡qwiUv Avi N‡i †Kv_vI cvIqv hvq wb| Nyg †_‡K D‡V wK”Qz fv‡jv jvM‡Q bv| evievi Ckv‡bi evevi K_v g‡b co‡Q AvR| Kv‡Ri wKQz bv †c‡q Avevi Avwg Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwii cvZv Dëv‡Z _vwK| Ckvb †h Wv‡qwi‡Z K‡Zv wKQz wj‡L †i‡L‡Q| KwZcq evOvwj ivRbxwZwe` wb‡q Kx wj‡L‡Q cov ïi“ Kijvg| Ckvb wj‡L‡QÑ K‡qKwU cÖkœ ZvB AvR bZzb K‡i Avevi mvg‡b Av‡m| Avgv‡ì weL¨vZ ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡ G‡K dRjyj nK, †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x, gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx cÖgy‡Li evsjv‡`‡ki R‡b¨ ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vb Kx wQj? Zuviv Kx IB mg‡q m„ó ivR‰bwZK APjve¯’v †_‡K ivR‰bwZK myweav ¯^v_© MÖn‡b †ewk e¨¯— wQ‡jb bvKx mwZ¨B evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^‡cœ Zuviv ZLb ivRbxwZ K‡i‡Qb? GB we‡k−lY w`‡q †Kv‡bv weZK© bv Zz‡jB cvVK IBme gnvb ivRbxwZwe`‡ì m¤ú‡K© GKUv my¯úó aviYv cv‡eb hw` Kxbv Zuv‡ì Rxe‡bi bvbv Mwj‡Z GKUz †LuvR Lei †bIqv hvq| Aveyj Kv‡kg dRjyj nK ev ms‡¶‡c G‡K dRjyj nK Rxe‡b wK wK c`gh©v`v †fvM K‡i‡Qb? Zv Avgiv Zuvi Rxebx co‡j Lye fv‡jv K‡i Rvb‡Z cvie| K. Aveyj Kv‡kg dRjyj nK 1873 mv‡ji 26 A‡±vei Aveyj Kv‡kg dRjyj n‡Ki Rb¥ bvbv evwo SvjKvVxi mvUzwiqv MÖv‡g| Zuvi evev KvRx †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R‡ì evwo ewikv‡ji evbwicvovi PvLvi MÖv‡g| Zuvi gv‡qi bvg mvC`y‡bœQv LvZzb| evjK dRjyj n‡Ki cÖv_wgK wk¶v ïi“ nq gv`ªvmvq fwZ©i gva¨‡g| c‡i Zuv‡K ewikvj wRjv B¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bv nq| †mLvb †_‡K 1890 mv‡j wZwb G›UªvÝ cvk K‡ib| c‡i fwZ© nb KjKvZvi †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡j‡R| †mLvb †_‡K 1892 mv‡j wZwb GdG cvk K‡ib| Zvici wZwb weG K‡ib wÎcj Abvm© (K¨v‡gw÷ª, g¨v_‡gwU· I wdwR·) wb‡q

†cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡jR †_‡KB| Zvici GgG fwZ© nb KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q g¨v_‡gwU‡·| Zuvi Kx ivRbxwZ Kivi K_v wQj? IB mgq wZwb e¨v‡Pji Ae jÕ‡Z fwZ© n‡jb BDwbfvwm©wU j K‡j‡R| 1897 mv‡j wZwb weGj wWwMÖ m¤úbœ Ki‡jb| mv‡q‡Ýi ÷z‡W›U Ki‡jb j cvk! Gevi wKš‘ Zuvi mvg‡b K¨vwiqvi MV‡bi A‡bK my‡hvM| 1903 †_‡K 1904 mvj ch©š— wZwb ivR P›`ª K‡j‡R cvU© UvBg †jKPvivi wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| j cvk Kivi ci wZwb m¨vi Avmy‡Zvl gyLvR©xi Kv‡Q G‡cÖw›Um wn‡m‡e AvBb †ckv ïi“ K‡ib| 1904 mv‡j m¨vi Avmy‡Zvl gyLvR©x †e½j nvB‡Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ nb| Zv‡Z fvM¨ Ly‡j hvq dRjyj n‡Ki| 1906 mv‡j wZwb weªwUk miKv‡ii GKRb †WcywU g¨vwR‡÷U wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| cvkvcvwk ZLb wZwb ewikvj kn‡i j cÖvKwUm Ki‡Zb| 27 †_‡K 30 wW‡m¤î 1906 mv‡j XvKvq AbywôZ nq Aj BwÛqv gynv¤§v`vb GWy‡Kkbvj Kbdv‡iÝ| IB Kbdv‡iÝ †k‡l 1906 mv‡ji 30 wW‡m¤î m¨vi AvMv Lvb wÎ-‡K mfvcwZ K‡i MwVZ nq Aj BwÛqv gymwjg jxM| cÖavb msMVK beve gynmvb-Dj-gyjK nb `‡ji †m‡µUvwi| IB mgq dRjyj nK Aj BwÛqv gymwjg jx‡M †hvM †`b Ges miKvwi PvKwi †Q‡o w`‡q KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U© wjM¨vj cÖvKwUm ïi“ K‡ib| Gici m¨vi LvRv mwjgyj−vn I ˆmq` bIqve Avjx †PŠayixi mivmwi †cÖiYvq dRjyj nK AvBb †ckvi cvkvcvwk ivRbxwZ‡Z mwµq n‡q I‡Vb| 1913 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wWwfkv‡b †e½j †jwRm‡jwUf KvDwÝ‡ji GKRb †g¤^vi wbe©vwPZ nb| 1913 †_‡K 1916 mvj ch©š— wZwb cÖv‡`kxK gymwjg jx‡Mi †m‡µUvwi Ges Aj BwÛqv gymwjg jx‡Mi R‡q›U †m‡µUvwii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1916 †_‡K 1921 mvj ch©š— wZwb Aj BwÛqv gymwjg jx‡Mi †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1916 mv‡j m‡ivwRwb bvBWy I †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvnÕi †bZ…©‡Z¡ BwÛqvb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi g‡a¨ GKwU Pzw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq jv‡¶èŠ‡Z| weªwUk miKvi hv‡Z fviZxq‡ì Av‡iv AwaK my‡hvM myweav I ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡i †mRb¨ `yB `‡ji HK¨gZ¨ cÖwZôv wQj jv‡¶èŠ c¨v‡±i g~j j¶¨| GB mgq wZwb Ks‡MÖ‡m †hvM †`b| 1917 mv‡j dRjyj nK BwÛqvb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖ‡mi R‡q›U †m‡µUvwi Ges 1918 †_‡K 1919 mvj ch©š— †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvwii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1919 mv‡j wLjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡b f~wgKv cvj‡bi Rb¨ Ks‡MÖm †_‡K Zuv‡K ewn¯‹vi Kiv nq| 1935 mv‡j wZwb cÖ_g gymwjg wn‡m‡e Ks‡MÖ‡mi mg_©‡Y KjKvZvi †gqi wbe©vwPZ nb| GB mgq wZwb cÖRv mwgwZ cÖwZôv K‡ib| c‡i bvg e`j K‡i evbvb K…lK cÖRv cvwU© ev †Kwcwc| 1937 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Zuvi †bZ…©Z¡vaxb †Kwcwc

cvq 39 wU Avmb, BDbvB‡UW gymwjg cvwU© cvq 38 wU Avmb Ges Ks‡MÖm cvq 60 wU Avmb| c‡ii eQi dRjyj nK Avevi gymwjg jx‡M †hvM`vb K‡ib| GB mgq wZwb Avevi gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvcwZ nb Ges †m‡µUvwi nb †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x| 1937 †_‡K 1943 mvj ch©š— wZwb Awef³ evsjvi gyL¨gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1940 mv‡ji 23 gvP© gymwjg jx‡Mi wZb w`‡bi †mwgbv‡i (22 †_‡K 24 gvP© 1940 mvj) wZwb jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve DÌvcb K‡ib| †h cÖ¯—v‡e gymwjg RbM‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU Avjv`v iv‡óªi `vex Kiv nq| 1947 mv‡j fviZ cvwK¯—vb fvM n‡j dRjyj nK XvKvi wUKvUzwj‡Z †m‡UjW nb| 1947 †_‡K 1952 mvj ch©š— wZwb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi G¨vW‡fv‡KU †Rbv‡i‡ji `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1952 mv‡j wZwb ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB Av‡›`vj‡b mwµq nb| 1953 mv‡ji 27 RyjvB wZwb kªwgK K…lK `j MVb K‡ib| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L wZwb gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx I †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi m‡½ †RvU †e‡a hy³d«›U MVb K‡ib| wbe©vP‡b hy³d«›U weRqx n‡j G‡K dRjyj nK c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi gyL¨gš¿x nb| 1955 mv‡j wZwb cvwK¯—v‡bi ¯^ivóªgš¿x nb| 1956 mv‡j wZwb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi nb| AvBDe Lvb cvwK¯— v‡bi ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡j wZwb Zvi m‡½ nvZ wgwj‡q 1958 †_‡K 1961 mvj ch©š— AvBDe Lvb miKv‡ii Lv`¨ I K…wl gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| GB mgq gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx I gynv¤§` Avjx e¸ovi m‡½ ivR‰bwZK Ø‡›Øi Kvi‡Y 1962 mv‡j wZwb ivRbxwZ †Q‡o †`b| dRjyj nK `yBwU we‡q K‡ib| cÖ_g ¯¿xi N‡i GKwU †g‡q mš—v‡bi Rb¥ nq| †g‡qi bvg ivBP †eMg| cÖ_g ¯¿xi g„Zz¨i ci wZwb wØZxq evi we‡q K‡ib Lvw`Rv †eMg‡K| wØZxq N‡i Zuvi GKwU †Q‡j mš—vb nq| †Q‡ji bvg G‡K dv‡qRyj nK| 1962 mv‡ji 27 GwcÖj mKvj 10:20 wgwb‡U wZwb XvKvi wUKvUzwji 27 †KGg `vm †j‡bi evmvq 89 eQi eq‡m gviv hvb| evsjv GKv‡Wgxi D‡ëvcv‡k Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq| dRjyj nK mviv Rxeb ivRbxwZ Ki‡jI my‡hvM myweav Abyhvqx wZwb ivR‰bwZK `j cwieZ©b K‡i‡Qb| GB `j e`j I ivR‰bwZK †Ljvq KL‡bv wZwb gymwjg AvB‡WbwUwU wb‡q‡Qb, KL‡bv wZwb evOvwj AvB‡WbwUwU wb‡q‡Qb Avevi KL‡bv wZwb cvwK¯—vbx AvB‡WbwUwU wb‡q‡Qb| Zuvi ivR‰bwZK `j gymwjg jxM ev K…lK cÖRv cvwU© ev kªwgK K…lK `j †Kv‡bvwUi AvR †Kv‡bv Aw¯—Z¡ †bB| KviY wb‡Ri †hgb ivR‰bwZK gZv`k© wQj bv Zuvi cÖwZwôZ `j¸‡jviI †Zgb †Kv‡bv mywbw`©ó ivR‰bwZK gZv`k© wQj bv| wZwb ïay ivR‰bwZK my‡hvM myweav †fvM Kivi Rb¨ hLb †hgb `j ev †hgb wWMevwRi cÖ‡qvRb wQj ZLb †Zgb wWMevwR w`‡q‡Qb|

GL‡bv evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ eQi Lye Avo¤îc~Y© Abyôv‡b G‡K dRjyj n‡Ki Rb¥ I g„Zz¨ w`‡b Avgv‡ì cwjwUwkqvbiv Zuvi myKxwZ© wb‡q Avmi Mig Kivi †Póv K‡ib| GL‡bv Zuv‡K †k‡i evsjv ej‡Z †c‡i A‡b‡K Lye Lywk nb| A_P IB †jvKwU RxweZ _vKvKv‡j †Kv‡bv MY gvby‡li DcKv‡i Av‡mwb| iv‡óªi DcKvi †Zv Av‡iv c‡ii K_v| huv‡ì b~¨bZg ˆbwZKZv †bB, mywbw`©ó gZv`k© †bB, †`‡ki R‡b¨ w¯’i †Kv‡bv †`k‡cÖg †bB ZuvivB Avgv‡ì gnvb ivR‰bwZK †bZv! Lye wnwm cvq GB me ¯^v_©‡š^mx gnj‡ì Rb¨ GL‡bv G‡`‡k wgwWqvi jvMvZvi MjvevwR †`L‡j| †k‡i evsjv G‡K dRjyj nK evsjv‡`‡ki R‡b¨ fv‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQz †`bwb| wb‡Ri ¯^v‡_©i R‡b¨ hLb †hLv‡b wN †c‡q‡Qb Zv †L‡q‡Qb| Zuvi ivR‰bwZK wWMevwRi Mí ïb‡j ewg Av‡m| Kx K‡i G‡Zv †fvë cvëv‡Z cv‡ib GKRb ivR‰bwZK †bZv? GKRb MY gvby‡li †bZv nevi R‡b¨ mwZ¨Kv‡i Zuvi †Kv‡bv †hvM¨Zv wQj bv| wgwWqv Avi myweav‡fvMxiv Zuv‡K eo †bZv evwb‡q Avgv‡ì mvg‡b nvwRi K‡i‡Qb| GQvov Avi wKQz bv| L. †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x 1892 mv‡ji 8 †m‡Þ¤î fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½i †gw`bxcy‡i †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi Rb¥| Zuvi evev m¨vi Rvwn` †mvnivIqv`©x wQ‡jb KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U©i GKRb cÖL¨vZ wePvicwZ| gv LyRv¯—v AvLZvi evby wQ‡jb D`©y I dvimx fvlvi GKRb mvwnwZ¨K| LyRv¯—vi evev n‡jb gvIjvbv Devq`yj−vn Avj Devq`x †mvnivIqv`©x| Ly¯—vevi `yB fvB n‡jb †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j Wv³vi nvmvb †mvnivIqv`©x I m¨vi Ave`yj−vn Avj gvgyb †mvnivIqv`©x| †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi eo fvB n‡jb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x whwb cÖ‡dmi Avn‡g` Avjx‡K m‡½ wb‡q cvwK¯—vb †cb (†jLK‡ì msMVb) cÖwZôv K‡ib| †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x †m›U R¨vwfqvi K‡jR †_‡K AvÛvi MÖvRy‡qU I KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K gv÷vm© wWwMÖ cvk Kivi ci jÛ‡b A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †m›U K¨v_wib K‡j‡R wewmGj-G fwZ© nb| A·‡dvW© Z¨vM Kivi c‡i wZwb wKQz w`b †MÖÕm Bb-evi-G KvUvb| c‡i wZwb KjKvZv nvB‡Kv‡U© AvBb cÖvKwUm ïi“ K‡ib| 1920 mv‡j wZwb †eMg wbqvR dv‡Zgv‡K we‡q K‡ib| e„wUk BwÛqvi †e½j cÖ‡`‡ki ¯îvóªgš¿x m¨vi Ave`yi iwn‡gi †g‡q n‡jv wbqvR dv‡Zgv| wbqvR dv‡Zgvi M‡f© †mvnivIqv`©xi `yBwU mš—vb nq| Avn‡g` mvnve †mvnivIqv`©x I AvLZvi Rvnvb †mvnivIqv`©x| wbD‡gwbqvq Avµvš— n‡q QvÎve¯’vq Avn‡g` mvnve 1940 mv‡j jÛ‡b gviv hvb| AvLZvi Rvnvb we‡q K‡ib wePvicwZ m¨vi kvn

†mvjvqgv‡bi †Q‡j kvn Avn‡g` †mvjvqgvb‡K Ges we‡qi ci bvg e`j K‡i iv‡Lb †eMg AvLZvi †mvjvqgvb| Zv‡ì GKgvÎ Kb¨v kvwn`v Rvgvj cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g bvix wePvigš¿x n‡qwQ‡jb| kvwn`v Rvwg‡ji `yB †Q‡j Rvwn` Rvwgj (cvwK¯— v‡b GKRb AvBbwe`) I kwn` Rvwgj (jÛ‡b GKRb mwjwmUi)| wbqvR dv‡Zgv 1922 mv‡j gviv hvb| 1940 mv‡j †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x Avevi we‡q K‡ib ivwkqvb wPÎvwf‡bÎx †fiv Av‡j·v‡›`ªvfbv wZ‡mb‡Kv KvjWvi‡K| whwb g‡¯‹v AvU© w_‡qUv‡ii GKRb †cvwjk es‡kv™¢yZ Awf‡bÎx wQ‡jb| we‡qi ci wZwb Bmjvg ag© MÖnb K‡ib Ges bvg e`j K‡i nb †eMg b~i †Rnvb| Zuv‡ì GKgvÎ †Q‡j ikx` †mvnivIqv`©xi R‡b¥i ci 1951 mv‡j Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ wW‡fvm© nq| ikx` †mvnivIqv`©x (AvKv ievU© Avkwe) jÛ‡b Awfbq K‡ib| †fiv cieZ©x‡Z Av‡gwiKvq †m‡UjW nb| 1921 mv‡j KjKvZvq wd‡i G‡m †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x AvBb eëmv ïi“i cvkvcvwk ivRbxwZ‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| BwÛqvb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖ‡mi GKwU MÖ“c wPËiÄb `v‡mi †bZ…©Z¡vaxb ¯îvR cvwU©‡Z wZwb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e †hvM †`b| 1923 mv‡j †e½j c¨v± Pzw³i mgq wZwb we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| 1924 mv‡j gvÎ 31 eQi eq‡m wZwb KjKvZv K‡c©v‡ikv‡bi †WcywU †gqi Ges ¯îvR cvwU©i cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì †WcywU wjWvi nb| 1925 mv‡j wPËiÄb `vm gviv †M‡j †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x ¯îvR cvwU© wejywß †NvlYv K‡ib Ges gymwjg jx‡M †hvM †`b| LvRv bvwRgyÏx‡bi gš¿xmfvq wZwb kªg I wmwfj mvc−vB gš¿Yvj‡qi gš¿x wQ‡jb| gymwjg jx‡M ZLb cÖ‡MÖwmf Ask wjW K‡ib †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x I Aveyj nvwkg| Avi KbRvi‡ewUf Ask wjW K‡ib LvRv bvwRgyÏxb I gvIjvbv AvKivg Luv| 1946 mv‡j e„wUk kvwmZ †e½j cÖ‡`‡ki gymwjg jxM †bZ…©Z¡vaxb miKv‡ii gyL¨gš¿x nb †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x| e„wUk kvmbvaxb fviZ‡K KgbI‡qj_ fy³ ¯^vaxb ivóª evwb‡q e„wUk ivR ¶gZv n¯—vš—‡ii Rb¨ e„wUk cÖavbgš¿xi †bZ…©‡Z¡ e„wUk †Kwe‡bU wgkb 1946 mv‡ji 23 gvP© fviZ mdi K‡ib| e„wUk cÖavbgš¿x wK¬‡g›U A¨vUwjÕi †bZ…©‡Z¡ IB wgk‡b Av‡iv wQ‡jb fviZ welqK e„wUk ciivóª gš¿x jW© c¨vwUªK j‡iÄ, e„wUk †evW© Ae †Uª‡Wi †cªwm‡W›U m¨vi ÷¨v‡dvW© wµcm I e„wUk jW© Gwf Av‡j·RvÛvi| IB mgq fvi‡Z wbhy³ e„wUk fvBmiq jW© IeI‡qj IB wgk‡b AskMÖnb K‡iwb wb| 16 †g 1946 mv‡j IB e„wUk wgkb fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv cÖ‡kœ †h me dg©yjv †`b †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ 1. BDbvB‡UW fviZ‡K ¯^vaxbZv †Ìqv n‡e, 2. gymwjg cÖavb †ejywP¯—vb, wmÜ, cvÄve I DËi-cwðg mxgvš— cÖ‡`k wg‡j n‡e GKwU gymwjg cÖ‡`k Ges evsjv I Avmvg wg‡j n‡e

Av‡iKwU cÖ‡`k, 3. †K›`ª I `w¶YvÂ‡ji wn›`y cÖavb GjvKv wg‡j n‡e GKwU cÖ‡`k I 4. fviZxq †K›`ªxq miKvi mKj cÖ‡`‡ki ê‡`wkK, cÖwZi¶v, †hvMv‡hvM I Ab¨vb¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e| wKš‘ fvi‡Zi `yB cÖavb ivR‰bwZK `j BwÛqvb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖm I Aj BwÛqv gymwjg jxM e„wUk wgk‡bi IB cÖ¯—ve bvKP K‡i †`q| 16 †g 1946 mv‡ji IB cÖ¯—v‡ei Dci wfwË K‡i 16 Ryb 1946 mv‡j e„wUk wgkb fvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv cÖ‡kœ Av‡iKwU weKí cÖ¯—ve †`q| `yBwU cÖ‡`k n‡e GKwU n‡e wn›`y cÖ‡`k BwÛqv Ges GKwU n‡e gymwjg cÖavb BwÛqv| gymwjg cÖavb BwÛqvi c‡i bvgKiY Kiv nq gymwjg cÖavb cvwK¯—vb| 27 RyjvB 1946 mv‡j Ks‡MÖm IqvwK©s KwgwUi †bZv RInijvj †b‡ni“ †ev‡¤^‡Z GK †cÖm Kbdv‡i‡Ý †NvlYv †`b †h, fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Aax‡b `yBwU cÖ‡`k Kiv n‡j Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv AvcwË †bB| GKB w`‡b †ev‡¤^ †cÖm Kbdv‡i‡Ý gymwjg jxM †bZv †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn †NvlYv †`b †h, cvwK¯—vb‡K m¤ú~Y© ¯^vaxbZv w`‡Z n‡e| bB‡j cvwK¯—vb bv cvIqv ch©š— gymwjg jx‡Mi †bZ…©‡Z¡ wZwb Av‡›`vj‡bi ûgwK †`b| `yB †bZvi IB `yB †NvlYvq ZLb †ev‡¤^, cvÄve, w`j−x I KjKvZvq ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv ïi“ nq| c‡i e„wUk wgkb wn›`y cÖavb BwÛqv Ges gymwjg cÖavb cvwK¯—vb bv‡g `yB †`k Kivi cÖ¯v— e w`‡j Ks‡MÖm Zv cÖZ¨v¶vY K‡i| Ks‡MÖ‡mi we‡ivaxZvi Kvi‡Y gymwjg jxM ZLb 16 AvM÷ fviZ e‡l© cvwK¯—v‡bi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ niZv‡ji WvK †`q| wRbœvn †NvlYv †`b †h, 16 AvM÷ n‡e wW‡i± G¨vKkvb †W| wRbœvnÕi IB †NvlYvi Kvi‡Y ivR‰bwZK mwnsmZv Gov‡bvi R‡b¨ †e½j cÖ‡`‡ki gyL¨gš¿x †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x I †e½j cÖ‡`‡ki wPd †m‡µUvwi Avi.Gj IqvKvi †e½j cÖ‡`‡ki Mf©bi m¨vi †d«WvwiK e¨v‡ivm‡K 16 AvM÷ mvaviY QzwU †NvlYv †Ìqvi R‡b¨ Aby‡iva K‡ib| †e½j Mf©bi AviGj IqvKvi IB Aby‡iv‡a m¤§wZ w`‡q 16 AvM÷ mvaviY QzwU †NvlYv K‡ib| gymwjg jx‡Mi IB wW‡i± G¨vKkvb †WÕ‡Z gymjgvbiv KjKvZvq wn›`y‡ì Dci nvgjv Pvjvq| 16 †_‡K 20 AvM÷ 1946 mv‡j †MvUv KjKvZvq wn›`y gymwjg `v½vq Aš—tZ 10 nvRvi wn›`y †jvK gviv hvq| †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x †e½j cÖ‡`‡ki gyL¨gš¿x n‡qI ZLb gymjgvb‡ì IB wn›`y wbab nZ¨vh‡Á †bZ©„Z¡ †`b| IB mgq wZwb KjKvZv bvBU K¬v‡e g` Lvw”Q‡jb Avi gvZv‡ji g‡Zv ejwQ‡jb, KjKvZvi iv¯—vq †hme wn›`y †`vKvb Lyj‡e Zv‡ì i³ PvB Avwg| Zvi IB I‡cb †NvlYv ZLb gymwjg jx‡Mi †jvKRb K¨v‡¤úBb AvKv‡i Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q w`‡qwQj| KjKvZv `v½vq hv fxlYfv‡e wewfwlKv Qwo‡qwQj| KjKvZv `v½vq g`` †Ìqvi Rb¨ †nv‡mb knx`

†mvnivIqv`©xi †Kv‡bv w`b wePvi nqwb| eis wZwb cieZ©x‡ZI exi`‡c© ivR‰bwZK my‡hvM myweav †fvM K‡i‡Qb| 1947 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ fviZ ¯^vaxb n‡j Avevi KjKvZvq wn›`y gymwjg `v½v ïi“ nq| Gev‡i wKš‘ wn›`yivB kw³kvjx| Gevi IB ayZ© †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x mivmwi gnvZ¥v MvÜxi Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ PvB‡jb| gnvZ¥v MvÜx wn›`y gymwjg `v½v e‡Ü ZLb cÖ¯—ve w`‡jb †h, GKB gÂ †_‡K wZwb †mvnivIqv`©x‡K m‡½ wb‡q `v½v e‡Üi R‡b¨ mevB‡K Aby‡iva Rvbv‡eb| gnvZ¥v MvÜxi weL¨vZ †mB Aby‡iv‡ai Kj¨v‡b †mvnivIqv`©x ZLb KjKvZv †_‡K Zjwc Zjcv ¸wU‡q XvKvq Av‡mb| wRbœvnÕi g„Zzï ciciB ivR‰bwZK wkqvj †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x gymwjg jxM †Q‡o w`‡q 1949 mv‡j gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi cÖwZwôZ AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡M †hvM †`b| 1953 mv‡j wZwb ivR‰bwZK myweav †bIqvi Rb¨ gynv¤§` Avjx e¸ovi gš¿xmfvq AvBbgš¿x nb Ges cvwK¯—vb msm‡` we‡ivax`jxq †bZv wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡ib| 1954 mv‡j G‡K dRjyj nK I gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxÕi m‡½ hy³d«›U MVb K‡i wbe©vP‡b weRqx n‡j †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x nevi c_ Av‡iv †eMevb nq| 1955 mv‡ji 12 AvM÷ cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v cÖavbgš¿x gynv¤§` Avjx e¸ov‡K eiLv¯— Ki‡j bZzb cÖavbgš¿x nb †PŠayix gynv¤§` Avjx| GB mgq †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x gymwjg jxM †f‡O bZzb GKwU `j MVb K‡ib| hvi bvg †`b cvwK¯—vb wicvewjKvb cvwU| cvwK¯—v‡bi msm‡` ZLb †PŠayix gynv¤§` AvjxÕi gymwjg jxM wb‡Ri `‡ji be MwVZ wicvewjKvb `‡ji loh‡š¿i Kvi‡Y msL¨vMwiôZv nvivb| 1956 mv‡ji 12 †mÞ¤î †PŠayix gynv¤§` Avjx cÖavbgš¿xi c` †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib| GKB m‡½ wZwb gymwjg jxM †_‡KI c`Z¨vM K‡ib Ges ivRbxwZ †_‡K `~‡i m‡i †h‡Z eva¨ nb| IB w`b 12 †m‡Þ¤î 1956 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x| wKš‘ GK eQ‡ii gv_vq Zv‡KI cÖavbgš¿xi c` Qvo‡Z nq wb‡Ri ˆZwi Kiv †mB cyivbv K¨vPv‡j| Mf©bi B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v †mvnivIqv`©x‡K 17 A‡±vei 1957 mv‡j c`Z¨v‡M eva¨ K‡ib Ges bZzb cÖavbgš¿x evbvb Beªvnxg BmgvBj PzwÛªMo‡K| `yB gvm c‡i 16 A‡±vei 1957 mv‡j PzwÛªMo‡KI c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq| cvwK¯—v‡bi bZzb cÖavbgš¿x nb m¨vi wd‡ivR Lvb byb| 7 A‡±vei 1958 mv‡j B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v cvwK¯—v‡b ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv Gov‡Z Ri“ix AvBb Rvix K‡ib Ges wd‡ivR Lvb by‡bi †Kwe‡bU †f‡O †`b| 27 A‡±vei 1958 mv‡j †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lvb cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g mvgwiK Kz¨Õi gva¨‡g ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib| †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lvb

†nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x‡K ivRbxwZ †_‡K wWm‡KvqvwjdvB †NvlYv K‡ib Ges †jevb‡b wbe©vm‡b cvVvb| †jevb‡bi ivRavbx êi“‡Z 5 wW‡m¤î 1963 mv‡j wZwb gviv hvb| RbkÖ“wZ i‡q‡Q †h, Zvi †eW i“‡g cqRb ev welv³ M¨vm †Ìqv n‡qwQj| †h Kvi‡Y wZwb gviv †M‡Qb| ivRbxwZ‡Z hw` j¤úU _v‡K Zvn‡j †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x n‡jv me‡P‡q eo j¤úU| evsjv‡`‡ki Avw` c‡e©i me‡P‡q eo `ykgb wZwb| RbM‡Yi R‡b¨ wZwb ivRbxwZ K‡ib wb| ivRbxwZ K‡i‡Qb wb‡Ri ¯^v_© Avi ivR‰bwZK my‡hvM myweav cvIqvi R‡b¨| A_P Avgiv GL‡bv IB j¤úU‡K eo ivR‰bwZK †bZv wn‡m‡e bZzb cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Q wg_¨v Z_¨ mieivn K‡i ivR‰bwZK wbwcob K‡i hvw”Q| †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi Rxebx c‡ob wb Ggb †jv‡KivB †Kej IB me ivR‰bwZK wg_¨vPvi‡K wek¦vm Ki‡e| KjKvZv `v½vq †bZ…©Z¡ †èvi R‡b¨ Zvi wePvi nqwb| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b hLb ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB Av‡›`vjb Zxeª n‡”Q IB mg‡q †mvnivIqv`©xi †Kv‡bv mivmwi AskMÖnb BwZnvm NvU‡j cvIqv hvq bv| A_P †mB †mvnivIqv`©xi jvk my`~i êi“Z †_‡K G‡b RvZxq †bZvi gh©v`vq `vdb Kiv n‡q‡Q evsjv GKv‡Wgxi D‡ëv cv‡k| †mLv‡b GLb XvKv bM‡ii Doš— MwbKv‡ì Avi LvÄv †Lvi‡ì Afq AiY¨| M. gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx 1880 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Uv½vBj †Rjvi gaycy‡ii av½viv MÖv‡g gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| Zuvi evevi bvg nvRx kivdZ Avjx Lvb| Avg RbZvi AK…wËg eÜz evg ivRbxwZ I Kgywb÷ Nivbvi ivR‰bwZK gZv`‡k©i R‡b¨ wZwb Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ evOvwji ü`q Rq K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi †Kv‡bv AvbyôvwbK wk¶v bv _vK‡jI wZwb ¯^wk¶vq wkw¶Z wQ‡jb| ivR‰bwZK m‡PZb gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx 1907 †_‡K 1909 mvj ch©š— †ÌevÜ gv`ªvmvq ag©xq wk¶v MÖnb K‡ib| IB mgq wZwb Bmjvgx wPš—vwe` gvnvgy`yj nvmvb (kvqLyj wn›`)-Gi cÖZ¨¶ Aby‡cÖiYvq e„wUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b mwµq n‡q I‡Vb| 1909 mv‡j wZwb Uv½vB‡ji KvMgvix‡Z GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| 1909 †_‡K 1913 mvj ch©š— wZwb Uv½vB‡j e„wUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b mwµqfv‡e †bZ…©Z¡ †`b| 1914 mv‡j wZwb †bÎ‡Kvbv I †kicy‡ii wLª÷vb wgkbvix‡Z Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| Zuvi †mB `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡bi R‡b¨ Ges ag©xq wk¶vq AwfÁZvi Kvi‡Y mevB ZLb †_‡KB Zuv‡K gvIjvbv bv‡g WvK‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|

1917 mv‡j gvIjvbv †`keÜz wPËiÄb `v‡mi b¨vkbvwj÷ cvwU©‡Z GKRb mwµq Kg©x wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avjxi Aby‡cÖiYvq 1919 mv‡j wZwb BwÛqvb b¨vkbvj Ks‡MÖ‡m †hvM †`b| 1920 mv‡j wZwb e„wUk fviZxq cywj‡ki nv‡Z †MÖdZvi nb Ges KvivMv‡i hvb| †Rj †_‡K gyw³i ci wZwb †LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`b| 1921 mv‡j wZwb †`keÜz wPËiÄb `v‡mi †bZ…©‡Z¡ e„wUk we‡ivax Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`b| IB mgq wZwb Avev‡iv Kvive›`x nb| 1930 mv‡j wZwb gymwjg jx‡M †hvM †`b| 1937 mv‡j wZwb Avmvg †jwRm‡jwUf G‡m¤^wji wbe©vP‡b ayeix (`w¶Y) Avmb †_‡K GgGjG wbe©vwPZ nb| 1944 mvj ch©š— wZwb IB Avm‡bi wbe©vwPZ GgGjG wQ‡jb| cvwK¯—vb gyf‡g‡›U mwµq †bZv nevi Kvi‡Y 1944 mv‡j wZwb gymwjg jx‡Mi †cÖwm‡W›U nb| 1947 mv‡j fviZ cvwK¯—vb ¯^vaxb n‡j fvmvbx Zuvi Gw›U G÷vewj÷‡g›U †Kvm© Ae G¨vKkv‡b wb‡R‡K AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb wZwb c~e© cvwK¯—vb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÖwZôv K‡ib| fvmvbx AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi †cÖwm‡W›U nb Avi †m‡µUvwi nb kvgmyj nK| ciw`b 24 †k Ryb wZwb XvKvi Avg©vwb‡Uvjv gv‡V cÖ_g AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi Rbmfvi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| 1952 mv‡ji 31 Rvbyqvwi wZwb XvKv evi jvB‡eªwi‡Z me©`jxq fvlv Av‡›`vjb KwgwU MVb K‡ib| 1953 mv‡ji 21 †_‡K 23 A‡±vei AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi KvDwÝ‡j wZwb gymwjg kãwU ev` w`‡q `‡ji bZzb bvgKiY K‡ib AvIqvgx jxM| 1953 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤^i Zuvi †bZ…©‡Z¡ RvZxq MYZvwš¿K d«›U ev hy³d«›U MwVZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki g½v KewjZ AÂ‡j Lv`¨ mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii cÖwZ Pvc cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ 1956 mv‡ji 7 †_‡K 23 †g ch©š— wZwb GKUvbv Abkb cvjb K‡ib| 1957 mv‡ji 7 I 8 †deª“qvwii AvIqvgx jx‡Mi KvMgvix Kbdv‡i‡Ý fvmvbx cwðg cvwK¯—vbx‡`i AvbyôvwbKfv‡e ¸W-evB e‡jb| 1957 mv‡ji 24 I 25 RyjvB AbywôZ Aj cvwK¯—vb †W‡gvµ¨vwUK G¨vw±wf÷m-Gi Kbdv‡i‡Ý fvmvbx Kb‡fbi wQ‡jb| 25 RyjvB 1957 mv‡j wZwb IB m‡¤§jb †_‡K B÷ cvwK¯—vb b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© ev ms‡¶‡c b¨vc cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb nb b¨v‡ci †cÖwm‡W›U Avi gvnvgy`yj nK Imgvbx nb †m‡µUvwi| 1965 mv‡ji 2 Rvbyqvwii cvwK¯—vb †cÖwm‡W›Uwmqvj wbe©vP‡b AvBDe Lv‡bi wei“‡× †Rbv‡ij AvRg Lv‡bi cwie‡Z© fvmvbx we‡ivax`jxq cÖv_©x †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvnÕi †evb dv‡Zgv wRbœvnÕ‡K mg_©Y K‡ib| wKš‘ AvBDe Lv‡bi mvgwiK miKvi KviPzwci wbe©vP‡b 64% †fv‡U AvBDe Lvb‡K weRqx †`Lv‡bv nq| 1965 mv‡ji fviZ cvwK¯—vb

hy‡×i mgq fvmvbx wKQz w`‡bi Rb¨ wb‡LuvR wQ‡jb| RbkÖ“wZ i‡q‡Q †h, Px‡bi m‡½ Zuvi `vi“b mL¨Zv wQj Ges IB mg‡q wZwb Pxb md‡i wQ‡jb| e¸ovi cÂwewe †_‡K wZwb we‡kl wegv‡b Pxb wM‡qwQ‡jb AvBDe Lv‡bi we‡kl `~Z wn‡m‡e hv‡Z Pxb hy‡× cvwK¯—vb‡K mg_©Y K‡i| 1967 mv‡j cvwK¯—vb †Uwjwfkb I †iwWI †_‡K iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi‡ii Mvb cÖPv‡i miKvwi wb‡lavÁv Rvix Ki‡j gvIjvbv fvmvbx Zvi Zxeª cÖwZev` K‡ib| 1968 mv‡ji 2 I 3 Rvbyqvwi fvmvbx K…lK‡ì m‡¤§jb NwU‡q c~e© cvwK¯—vb K…lK mgevq mwgwZ MVb K‡ib| wZwb GB cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ nb| 1968 mv‡ji 15 Ryb wZwb XvKv evi jvB‡eªwi‡Z cÖv‡`wkK grmRxex eëmvqx mwgwZ MVb K‡ib| IB eQi 12 A‡±vei AvBDe Lv‡bi miKvi Avevi Zuv‡K Uv½vB‡ji wgR©vcyi nvmcvZvj †_‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i KvivMv‡i cvVvq| 1969 mv‡j AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvq †kL gywRe mn 35 Rb Avmvgxi R‡b¨ fvmvbx cvK miKv‡ii Kv‡Q wbtkZ© gyw³ `vex K‡ib| 1971 mv‡ji 26 gvP© evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxbZv hy× ïi“ n‡j gvIjvbv fvmvbx fvi‡Z P‡j hvb| gvIjvbv fvmvbx m¤ú‡K© ¸Re wQj †h, wZwb Pxb cš’x Ges cvwK¯—vb‡K i¶v Kivi R‡b¨ KvR Ki‡Qb| †bŠKv †hv‡M b`x µm K‡i cvwj‡q Avmv‡g †XvKvi mgq gvIjvbv fvmvbx‡K fviZxq cywjk †MÖdZvi K‡i| cywjk‡K wZwb e‡jb †h, gyw³hy‡× mn‡hvwMZv Kivi R‡b¨ Ges ZvRDÏxb miKv‡ii m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡ZB wZwb cvwj‡q‡Qb| ZLb Zuv‡K w`j−x‡Z Mf©‡g›U nvD‡R wb‡q hvIqv nq| †mLv‡b wZwb fviZxq cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜxi m‡½ êVK K‡ib| êVK †k‡l Zuv‡K fviZxq †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v i-Gi mì `dZi †`niv`y‡b wb‡q hvIqv nq| fviZxq †Mv‡q›` ms¯’v i-Gi Pv‡c cy‡iv hy×Kvjxb mg‡q †mLv‡b wZwb me ai‡bi ivR‰bwZK Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K gy³ _vK‡Z eva¨ nb| †MvUv hy‡×i mgq fviZxq c¶ AvIqvgx jxM Qvov Avi KvD‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Zv bv| IB mgq GKevi fvmvbx‡K w`‡q fviZxq A_wiwU GKwU msev` m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb Kivb| †mLv‡b fviZxq Awdwmqvj‡ì m‡½ AvIqvgx jxM †bZv‡ì m‡½ Av‡iv Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb cÖ‡dmi †gvRvddi Avn‡g`, Kg‡iW gwb wms cÖgyL| wKš‘ ïay fvmvbx IB Kbdv‡i‡Ý e³e¨ iv‡Lb| wZwb e‡jb †h, ZvRDÏx‡bi †bZ…©Z¡vaxb evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii hveZxq Kg©Kv‡Ê Zuvi mg_©Y i‡q‡Q Ges wZwb cvwK¯—vb †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU ¯^vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z Pvb| Avi ZvRDÏxb miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv KwgwUi wZwb GKRb Ab¨Zg Dc‡`óv| c‡i fviZxq KZ…©c¶ fvmvbxi IB e³e¨ RvwZms‡Ni wbivcËv cwil‡` cÖvgvb¨ `wjj wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡iwQj| GQvov ZLb fviZxq KZ…©c¶ fvmvbx‡K w`‡q Aš—tZ 25 wU †`‡ki miKvi

cÖav‡bi Kv‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ wPwV wjwL‡qwQ‡jb| hv‡Z ewn©wek¦ g‡b K‡i GB hy‡× fvmvbxI evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb Pvq| 12 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j Pvi Rb fviZxq †mbv GKwU we‡kl wegv‡b K‡i gvIjvbv fvmvbx‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gqgbwmsn eW©v‡ii Kv‡Q 11 bs †m±i KgvÛv‡ii †ndvR‡Z n¯—vš—i K‡ib| 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j IB Pvi Rb fviZxq †mbv Avevi G‡m fvmvbx‡K wb‡q Uv½vB‡j Av‡mb| 22 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j gvIjvbv fvmvbx‡K †Q‡o †Ìqv nq| 1972 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z gvIjvbv fvmvbx cÖ_g Rbm¤§y‡L evsjv‡`k †_‡K fviZxq ˆmb¨ I Kg©KZ©v‡ì P‡j hvevi Rb¨ `vex K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ci gvIjvbv fvmvbx †P‡qwQ‡jb Kb÷ªvKwUf we‡ivax`‡ji f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z| cÖ‡MÖwmf ivR‰bwZK †bZvKg©xiv Zuvi Kv‡Q Lye `ª“ZB wf‡owQj| ZLb wZwb b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx jxM (b¨vc) †K kw³kvjx K‡ib Ges KvRx Rvdi Avng`‡K `‡ji †m‡µUvwi evbvb| wKš‘ IB cÖ‡MÖwmf kw³B c‡i fvmvbx‡K Av‡iv `ye©j K‡i †Zv‡j| IB mgq wZwb †kL gywRe‡K GKwU `yb©xwZ gy³ mgvR MV‡bi R‡b¨ hveZxq mewKQz Kivi civgk© †`b| cvkvcvwk wZwb i¶xevwnbx KZ…©K wePvi ewn©fyZ wKwjs-Gi Kov mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| GQvov wZwb †kL gywRe‡K GK `j (evKkvj) Ges Avg„Zz¨ †cÖwm‡W›U nevi cwiKíbv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi Aby‡iva K‡ib| †kL gywRe‡K wZwb mš—v‡bi g‡Zv fv‡jvevm‡Zb| 15 AvM÷ 1975 mv‡j mcwiev‡i †kL gywRe‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡j gvIjvbv fvmvbx wkï‡ì g‡Zv †Ku‡`wQ‡jb| c‡i wZwb bvgv‡Ri N‡i wM‡q cÖv_©Yvq e‡mb| 1949 mv‡j gvIjvbv fvmvbx AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÖwZôvi ci `jxq Kvh©µg cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ cÖKvk K‡ib mvßvwnK B‡ËdvK| 1953 mv‡ji 24 wW‡m¤î mvßvwnK B‡Ëdv‡Ki AvbyôvwbK hvÎv ïi“ nq| IB mgq cwÎKvwUi cÖKvkK wQ‡jb gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †Kvlvav¶¨ Bqvi †gvnv¤§` Lvb| †Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgTv ZLb KjKvZvq mvsevw`KZv K‡ib| †Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgTv‡K KjKvZv †_‡K G‡b ZLb cwÎKvwUi m¤úv`bvi `vwqZ¡ †`b gvIjvbv fvmvbx| IB mgq †Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgTv ivR‰bwZK gÂ bv‡g m¤úv`Kxq wjL‡Zb| hv IB mg‡q Lye RbwcÖqZv †c‡qwQj| 1954 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b B‡ËdvK hy³d«‡›Ui c‡¶ cÖPviYv Pvwj‡qwQj Ges wbe©vPbx weR‡q cwRwUf f~wgKv MÖnb K‡iwQj| 1958 mv‡j AvBDe Lvb cvwK¯—v‡bi ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡j †Zvdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgTv B‡Ëdv‡Ki cÖwZôvZvi bvg e`j K‡i wb‡Ri bv‡g Zv Pvjv‡bv ïi“ K‡ib| Ges cwÎKvwU mvßvwnK †_‡K ZLb ˆ`wb‡K cwibZ nq|

1972 mv‡ji 25 †deª“qvwi gvIjvbv fvmvbx Avevi ÔnK K_vÕ bv‡g GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv cÖKvk K‡ib| cwÎKvwUi m¤úv`bvi `vwqZ¡ †`b Bidvbyj evix‡K| cwÎKvwU AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii `yb©xwZ I wePvi ewn©fyZ wKwjs m¤ú‡K© msev` Qvc‡bv ïi“ Ki‡j †kL gywRe ZLb cwÎKvwU ev‡Rqvß †NvlYv K‡ib| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ †kL gywRe‡K mcwiev‡i nZ¨v Kiv n‡j nZ¨vKvix‡`i c‡¶ gvIjvbv fvmvbxi mg_©Y wQj e‡j †h ¸Re wQj Zv wZwb mivmwi cÖZ¨v¶vY K‡ib| eis wZwb ZLb †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLvi R‡b¨ Ges eû`jxq ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`v‡bi R‡b¨ wRqvDi ingv‡bi Dci Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| 1976 mv‡ji 16 gvP© gvIjvbv fvmvbx 95 eQi eq‡m cÙv b`x‡Z dviv°v eva Acmvi‡Yi `vex‡Z dviv°v Awfgy‡L js gv‡P©i †bZ…©Z¡ †`b| 16 gvP© 1976 mv‡j wZwb ivRkvnx gv`ªvmv gq`v‡b Dcw¯’Z `k jvL gvby‡li D‡Ï‡k¨ dviv°v eva †f‡O †djvi R‡b¨ fviZ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q `vex Rvbvb| js gvP©wU ivRkvnx kni †_‡K cv‡q †nu‡U 100 wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i dviv°v ev‡a wM‡q †kl nevi K_v wQj| js gv‡P© evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii ZLb †Mvcb mnvqZv wQj| †bŠevwnbxi cÖavb wiqvi GWwgivj GgGBP Lvb js gv‡P©i mKj jwRw÷K mnvqZv w`‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ js gvP©wU evsjv‡`k mxgv‡š—i Kvbmv‡Ui wbKU †kl nq| fviZxq eW©vi wmwKDwiwU †dvm© ev weGmGd js gvP©‡K Avi gyf bv Kivi R‡b¨ ZLb K‡Vvi ûwmqvix w`‡qwQj| 1976 mv‡ji 17 b‡f¤^i e‡iY¨ GB Av‡cvlnxb ivR‰bwZK e¨w³‡Z¡i 96 eQi eq‡m ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨ nq| gvIjvbv fvmvbx‡K Uv½vB‡ji mv‡š—v‡l `vdb Kiv nq| N. †kL gywReyi ingvb 1920 mv‡ji 17 gvP© dwi`cyi †Rjvi †MvcvjMÄ gnvKzgvi Uzw½cvov MÖv‡g †kL gywReyi ingvb Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| Zuvi evev †kL jyrdi ingvb wQ‡jb †MvcjMÄ wmwfj †Kv‡U©i GKRb †m‡i¯—v`vi| †Kv‡U©i KvMRcÎ bw_cÎ msi¶Y Kivi `vwqZ¡ n‡jv †m‡i¯—v`v‡ii| gv‡qi bvg †gvmv¤§r mvnviv LvZzb| †kL jyrdi ingvb I †gvmv¤§r mvnviv LvZz‡bi Pvi †g‡q I `yB †Q‡ji g‡a¨ Z…Zxq mš—vb †kL gywRe| gv-evev WvK‡Zb †LvKv bv‡g| evjK †LvKvi ˆkkeKvj Kv‡U Uzw½cvovq| 7 eQi eq‡m wMgvWv½v cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q evjK †LvKv covïbv ïi“ K‡ib| `yB eQi ci 1929 mv‡j wZwb †MvcvjMÄ cvewjK B¯‹z‡j Z…Zxq †kªYx‡Z fwZ© nb| `yB eQi ci wZwb K¬vk †dv‡i fwZ© nb gv`vixcyi Bmjvwgqv nvB B¯‹z‡j| Gici wZwb †MvcvjMÄ wgkbvix B¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb| 1934 mv‡j †LvKv †ewi‡ewi †iv‡M

Avµvš— nb| ZLb Zuvi GKwU †PvL KjKvZvq Acv‡ikvb Kiv nq| IB mgq Pvi eQ‡ii Rb¨ Zuvi †jLvcov mvgwqKfv‡e eÜ _v‡K| 18 eQi eq‡m 1938 mv‡j †LvKv we‡q K‡ib †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœQv‡K| Zuv‡ì `yB †g‡q I wZb †Q‡j| †kL nvwmbv, †kL †invbv, †kL Kvgvj, †kL Rvgvj I †kL iv‡mj| IB mgq †LvKv Avevi †MvcvjMÄ wgkbvix B¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb| 1939 mv‡j Awef³ evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x G‡K dRjyj nK I †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x †MvcvjMÄ wgkbvix B¯‹zj cwi`k©b K‡ib| B¯‹z‡ji Qv` w`‡q cvwb cov eÜ Kivi R‡b¨ Qv` †givgZ Ges QvÎ‡ì R‡b¨ AvevwmK †nv‡÷‡ji `vex‡Z †LvKv ZLb QvÎ‡ì c‡¶ e³…Zv K‡ib| 1940 mv‡j wZwb wbwLj fviZ gymwjg QvÎ †dWv‡ikv‡b †hvM †`b| IB mgq Zuv‡K GK eQ‡ii R‡b¨ †e½j gymwjg QvÎ †dWv‡ikv‡bi KvDwÝji Kiv nq| c‡i Zuv‡K †MvcvjMÄ gymwjg wW‡dÝ KwgwUi †m‡µUvwi Kiv nq| 1942 mv‡j gywRe G›UªvÝ (GmGmwm) cvk K‡ib| Zvici wZwb KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡R gvbweK wefv‡M B›UviwgwW‡qU K¬v‡m fwZ© nb| †eKvi †nv‡÷‡j wZwb AvevwmK QvÎ wn‡m‡e _vKv ïi“ K‡ib| GB mgq wZwb †e½j gymwjg jx‡M †hvM †`b Ges gymwjg jx‡Mi KvDwÝji wbe©vwPZ nb| 1946 mv‡j wZwb Bmjvwgqv K‡j‡Ri QvÎ msm‡ì wRGm (†Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvwi) wbe©vwPZ nb| GB mgq wZwb fviZ †_‡K cvwK¯—vb‡K Avjv`v Kivi R‡b¨ ivR‰bwZK ¸i“ †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi m‡½ mivmwi KvR K‡ib| KjKvZvq wn›`y gymwjg `v½vq †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi DmKvwb _vK‡jI Zuvi †hvM¨ wk‡lï IB `v½vq cÖwZ‡iva ZrciZv wQj e‡j `vex Kiv nq| 1947 mv‡j wZwb KjKvZv Bmjvwgqv K‡jR †_‡K weG cvk K‡ib| fviZ cvwK¯—vb fvM n‡j 1948 mv‡j gywRe XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q AvBb wefv‡M fwZ© nb| 1948 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi wZwb wek¦we`¨vj‡q gymwjg QvÎjxM cÖwZôv K‡ib| 23 †deª“qvwi 1948 mv‡j LvRv bvwRgyÏxb AvBb cwil‡` e‡jb, D`©y ivóªfvlv n‡j c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi gvbyl Zv †g‡b †b‡e| gymwjg jx‡Mi GB cwiKíbvi wei“‡× ZLb †MvUv QvÎ mgvR we‡¶v‡f †d‡U c‡o| gymwjg jx‡Mi loh‡š¿i cÖwZev‡` 11 gvP© mvaviY QvÎ ag©N‡Ui mgq mwPevj‡qi mvg‡b †_‡K we‡¶vfiZ gywRe‡K cywjk †MÖdZvi K‡i| 15 gvP© wZwb gyw³ cvb| 16 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvgZjvq me©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwi‡l‡ì D‡`¨v‡M QvÎ-RbZv mfvq gywRe mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib| mfvq cywjk nvgjv Pvjvq| 17 gvP© nvgjvi cÖwZev‡` wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b ag©NU cvwjZ nq| 11 †m‡Þ¤î 1948 mv‡j dwi`cy‡i

KW©b cÖ_vi wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb Kivi R‡b¨ gywRe‡K Avev‡iv †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 21 Rvbyqvwi 1949 mv‡j wZwb KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³ cvb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi PZz_© †kªYxi Kg©Pvixiv Zv‡ì `vex `vIqv Av`v‡qi R‡b¨ ag©NU Avnevb Ki‡j gywRe Zv mg_©Y K‡ib| Kg©Pvix‡ì IB Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…©Z¡ †Ìqvi R‡b¨ 29 gvP© 1949 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq KZ…©c¶ gywRe‡K Rwigvbv K‡ib| IB Ab¨vq wb‡`©k gywRe cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Zuv‡K ewn¯‹vi Kiv nq| 19 GwcÖj XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wfwmi evmfe‡bi mvg‡b Ae¯’vb ag©NU cvjb Kv‡j gywRe‡K Avev‡iv †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 23 Ryb 1949 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯—vb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM MwVZ nq| †R‡j _vKv Ae¯’vq gywRe `‡ji hyM¥ mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| RyjvB gv‡mi †k‡li w`‡K wZwb gyw³ jvf K‡ib| 11 A‡±vei AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi mfvq wZwb b~i“j Avgx‡bi c`Z¨vM `vex K‡ib| cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lv‡bi XvKv AvMgb Dcj‡¶¨ AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM fyLv wgwQj †ei K‡i| IB wgwQ‡j †bZ…©Z¡ †èvi R‡b¨ 14 A‡±vei 1949 mv‡j Avevi Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| IB mgq wZwb `yB eQi cuvP gvm †R‡j ew›` wQ‡jb| 1952 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi LvRv bvwRgyÏxb †NvlYv †`b, D`©y n‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªfvlv| Gi cÖwZev‡` e›`x Ae¯’vq 21 †deª“qvwi‡K ivRe›`x gyw³ I evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi `vex wèm cvj‡bi R‡b¨ ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil‡ì cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb gywRe| 14 †deª“qvwi G `vex‡Z wZwb †RjLvbvq Abkb ïi“ K‡ib| 21 †deª“qvwi 1952 mv‡j ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB `vex‡Z QvÎ mgvR 144 aviv f½ K‡i wgwQj †ei K‡i| cywjk IB wgwQ‡j ¸wj Pvjv‡j Qvjvg, iwdK, eiKZ, kwdDi wbnZ nb| gywRe †RjLvbv †_‡K QvÎ nZ¨vi cÖwZev` K‡ib| †RjLvbv †_‡K Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì m‡½ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Awf‡hv‡M IB mgq Zuv‡K XvKv KvivMvi †_‡K dwi`cyi KvivMv‡i cvVv‡bv nq| IB mgq wZwb Uvbv 13 w`b Abkb cvjb K‡ib| 26 †deª“qvwi wZwb dwi`cyi †Rj †_‡K gyw³ cvb| IB eQi wW‡m¤î gv‡m wZwb Px‡bi wcwKs kvwš— m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1953 mv‡ji 9 RyjvB AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi KvDwÝ‡j gywRe `‡ji mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| 14 b‡f¤î 1953 mv‡j G‡K dRjyj nK, †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x I gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx cvwK¯—vb MY cwil‡ì wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM‡K civwRZ Kivi R‡b¨ hy³d«›U MVb K‡ib| 10 gvP© 1954 mv‡ji cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡b 237 Avm‡bi g‡a¨ hy³d«›U 223 wU Avm‡b weRqx nq| AvIqvgx jxM cvq 143 wU Avmb| †MvcvjMÄ Avm‡b gywRe weRqx nb| 15 †g gywRe cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii K…wl I ebgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib|

30 †g 1954 mv‡j †K›`ªxq miKvi hy³d«›U gš¿xmfv evwZj K‡i| IB w`b gywRe KivPx †_‡K XvKv wdi‡j Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 23 wW‡m¤î wZwb gyw³ cvb| 5 Ryb 1955 mv‡j gywRe cvwK¯—vb MY cwil‡ì m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| 17 Ryb cëb Rbmfv †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi ¯^vqËkvmb `vex K‡i 21 `dv `vex DÌvcb Kiv nq| 4 †m‡Þ¤î 1956 mv‡j Lv‡`ï `vex‡Z 144 aviv f½ K‡i gywR‡ei †bZ…©‡Z¡ fyLv wgwQj †ei Kiv nq| cywjk PKevRv‡ii wgwQ‡j ¸wj Pvjv‡j 3 Rb wbnZ nq| 16 †m‡Þ¤î 1956 mv‡j gywRe †Kvqvwjkvb miKv‡ii wkí, evwYR¨, `yb©xwZ `gb I wf‡jR GBW `ß‡ii gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib| 30 †g 1957 mv‡j `jxq wm×v‡š—i Kvi‡Y wZwb gš¿xmfv †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib| 7 AvM÷ wZwb Pxb I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡b miKwi md‡i hvb| 7 A‡±vei 1958 mv‡j mvgwiK evwnbxi cÖavb †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lvb cvwK¯—v‡b mvgwiK kvmb Rvix K‡i ivRbxwZ wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ib| 11 A‡±vei gywRe‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 1961 mv‡ji 7 wW‡m¤î gywRe †Rj †_‡K gyw³ cvb| 6 †deª“qvwi 1962 mv‡j Rb wbivcËv AvB‡b Avevi Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 2 Ryb AvBDe Lvb mvgwiK AvBb Zz‡j wb‡j 18 Ryb gywRe gyw³ cvb| 24 †m‡Þ¤î wZwb jv‡nv‡i hvb| †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi †bZ…©‡Z¡ †mLv‡b we‡ivax `jxq †gvP©v RvZxq MYZvwš¿K d«›U MwVZ nq| A‡±vei gv‡m RvZxq MYZvwš¿K d«‡›Ui c‡¶ RbgZ MV‡bi R‡b¨ †mvnivIqv`©xi m‡½ gywRe mviv evsjv mdi K‡ib| c‡ii eQi †mvnivIqv`©x Amy¯’ n‡q wPwKrmvi R‡b¨ jÛ‡b fwZ© n‡j gywRe civg‡k©i R‡b¨ jÛb mdi K‡ib| 5 wW‡m¤î 1963 mv‡j †jevb‡bi ivRavbx êi“‡Z †mvnivIqv`©x gviv hvq| 25 Rvbyqvwi 1964 mv‡j †kL gywRe AvIqvgx jxM‡K cybi“¾xweZ K‡ib| 6 †deª“qvwi 1966 mv‡j †kL gywRe jv‡nv‡i HwZnvwmK Qq `dv DÌvcb K‡ib| 1 gvP© 1966 mv‡j wZwb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| 3 Rvbqvwi 1968 mv‡j †kL gywRe mn 35 Rb‡K Avmvgx K‡i AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv †Ìqv nq| 17 Rvbyqvwi Zuv‡K †Rj †MU †_‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i †mbvwbev‡m AvUK K‡i ivLv nq| 19 Ryb †mbvwbev‡m K‡Vvi wbivcËvi g‡a¨ AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi wePvi Kvh© ïi“ nq| 5 Rvbyqvwi 1969 mv‡j 6 `dv `vex Av`v‡qi j‡¶¨ †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I †kL gywR‡ei gyw³i `vex‡Z ZLb mviv evsjvq QvÎ Av‡›`vjb ïi“ nq| 22 †deª“qvwi 1969 mv‡j QvÎ‡ì Ae¨vnZ Av‡›`vjb I RbM‡Yi Pv‡ci gy‡L cvwK¯—v‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wb‡Z eva¨ nq Ges †kL gywRe‡K †Rj †_‡K gyw³ †`q| 23 †deª“qvwi 1969 mv‡j †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì D‡`¨v‡M †kL gywRe‡K msea©Yvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| Dcw¯’Z

cÖvq 10 jvL QvÎ-RbZvi IB msea©Yv Abyôv‡b †kL gywRe‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e e½eÜz Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq| e½eÜz IB †im‡Kv‡m©i msea©Yv Abyôv‡bi fvl‡Y QvÎ mgv‡Ri 11 `dv `vexi cÖwZ c~Y© mg_©Y Rvbvb| 10 gvP© e½eÜz ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z AvBDe Lv‡bi †Mvj †Uwej êV‡K †hvM †`b| êV‡K e½eÜz AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 6 `dv I QvÎ mgv‡Ri 11 `dv `vex DÌvcb K‡ib| cvwK¯—vb miKvi IB me `vex bv gvb‡Z PvB‡j 13 gvP© wZwb êVK Z¨vM K‡ib Ges 14 gvP© XvKvq wd‡i Av‡mb| 25 gvP© †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb mvgwiK kvmb Rvixi gva¨‡g ¶gZvmxb nb| 25 A‡±vei wZb mßv‡ni Rb¨ e½eÜz mvsMVwbK md‡i jÛb Mgb K‡ib| 5 wW‡m¤î 1969 mv‡j †mvnivIqv`©xi g„Z¨z evwl©Kx‡Z AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Av‡jvPbv mfvq e½eÜy c~e© evsjvi bvgKiY K‡ib evsjv‡`k| 1970 mv‡ji 6 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz cybivq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| 1 GwcÖj AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Kvh© wbe©vnx cwil‡ì êV‡K wbe©vP‡b Ask †bIqvi wm×vš— nq| 7 Ryb 1970 mv‡j †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi Rbmfvq e½eÜz 6 `dvi cÖ‡kœ AvIqvgx jxM‡K wbe©vwPZ Kivi R‡b¨ †`kevmxi cÖwZ Avnevb Rvbvb| 17 †m‡Þ¤î e½eÜz `‡ji wbe©vPbx cÖZxK wn‡m‡e †bŠKv cQ›` K‡ib Ges XvKvi †avjvBLv‡j cÖ_g wbe©vPbx Rbmfv K‡i wbe©vPbx cÖPviwfhvb ïi“ K‡ib| 28 A‡±vei RvZxi D‡Ï‡k¨ †eZvi I †Uwjwfkb fvl‡Y e½eÜz 6 `dv ev¯—evq‡b †`kevmxi cÖwZ AvIqvgx jxM‡K †fvU `v‡bi Av‡e`b K‡ib| 12 b‡f¤î 1970 mv‡j N~wY©So †MvwK© †fvjvq AvNvZ nvb‡j cÖvq 10 jvL cÖvY nvivq| 1970 mv‡ji 7 wW‡m¤^‡ii wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM wbi¼zk msL¨v MwiôZv AR©b K‡i| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi RvZxq cwil‡ì 162 wU Avm‡b g‡a¨ 160 wU Avmb Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì 300 wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 288 wU Avmb jvf K‡i| 3 Rvbqvwi 1971 mv‡j †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi Rbmfvq e½eÜz MYcÖwZwbwa‡ì kc_ MÖnb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| 5 Rvbyqvwi cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b me©vwaK Avm‡b weRqx cvwK¯— vb wccjm cvwU©i †bZv RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv †K‡›`ª AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m‡½ †Kvqvwjkvb miKvi MV‡b Zuvi m¤§wZi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| RvZxq cwil‡ì êV‡K e½eÜz cvj©v‡g›Uvwi `‡ji †bZv wbe©vwPZ nb| 28 Rvbyqvwi fy‡Æv e½eÜzi m‡½ Av‡jvPbvi R‡b¨ XvKvq Av‡mb| wZb w`b êV‡Ki ci Av‡jvPbv e¨_© nq| †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb 3 gvP© XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡ì êVK Avnevb K‡ib| 15 †deª“qvwi fy‡Æv XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡ì êVK eqK‡Ui †NvlYv w`‡q `yB cÖ‡`‡k `yB msL¨v Mwiô `‡ji cÖwZ ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Kivi `vex Rvbvb| 1 gvP© Bqvwnqv RvZxq cwil‡ì êVK Awbw`©ó Kv‡ji R‡b¨ ¯’wMZ †NvlYv Ki‡j mviv evsjvq

Zxeª cÖwZev‡`i So I‡V| 2 gvP© e½eÜzi Avnev‡b †`ke¨vcx niZvj cvwjZ nq| 3 gvP© e½eÜz Awej‡¤^ ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Kivi R‡b¨ †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui cÖwZ `vex Rvbvb| 7 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wekvj Rb mgy‡`ª e½eÜz Zuvi HwZnvwmK fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib| g~jZ 7 gvP© †_‡K 25 gvP© ch©š— †MvUv evsjvq mewKQz e½eÜzi GKK wb‡`©‡k N‡U‡Q| 24 gvP© ch©š— Bqvwnqv-gywRe-fy‡Æv evievi Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖwZeviB Zv e¨_© n‡q‡Q| 25 gvP© Av‡jvPbv e¨_© n‡j Bqvwnqv XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| IB iv‡ZB cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx wbixn evOvwji Dci BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q ee©i nZ¨vKvÊ Pvjvq| 25 gvP© ivZ 12 Uv 20 wgwb‡U e½eÜz avbgwÛi evmv †_‡K cvK †mbv‡`i nv‡Z e›`x nevi Av‡M evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| BwcAvi Iqvi‡j‡m e½eÜz GB †NvlYvwU †`bÑ “This may be my last message. From today Bangla Desh is independent. I call upon the people of Bangla Desh, wherever you are and with whatever you have, to resist the army of occupation to the last. Your fight must go on until the last soldier of the Pakistan occupation army is expelled from the soil of Bangla Desh and final victory is achieved.” …Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. GQvov e½eÜz †MÖdZvi nevi Av‡M ZvRDÏxb Avng`, W±i gvRnvi“j Bmjvg I K‡b©j (Aemi) GgGwR ImgvbxÕi Kv‡Q Av‡iKwU evZ©v †i‡L hvb| IB evZ©vwU n‡jvÑ “Pak Army suddenly attacked EPR base at Pilkhana, Rajarbagh Police Line and killing citizens. Street battles are going on in every street of Dacca and Chittagong. I appeal to the Nations of the World for help. Our freedom fighters are gallantly fighting with the enemies to free the motherland. I appeal and order you all in the name of Almighty Allah to fight to the last drop of blood to liberate the country. Ask police, EPR, Bengal regiment and Ansar to stand by you and to fight. No compromise. Victory is ours. Drive out the last enemy from the holy soil of motherland. Convey the message to all Awami League leaders, workers and other patriots and lovers of freedom. May Allah bless you. Joy Bangla.” …SK Mujibur Rahman.

¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i cy‡ivUv mgq e½eÜz cvwK¯—v‡bi †mbvevwnbxi we‡kl KvivMv‡i e›`x wQ‡jb| 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡j 20 wW‡m¤î cvwK¯— v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb c`Z¨vM K‡ib| bZzb †cÖwm‡W›U nb cvwK¯—vb wccjm cvwU©i †bZv RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv| Avš—R©vwZK A½b †_‡K µgvMZ Pv‡ci d‡j 8 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j fy‡Æv gywRe‡K gyw³ †`b| cvwK¯—vb †_‡K gy³ n‡q e½eÜz cvwK¯—vb Gqvi jvB‡Ýi GKwU we‡kl wegv‡b mivmwi jÛ‡b hvb| †mLv‡b e„wUk cÖavbgš¿x GWIqvW© wn‡_i m‡½ wZwb êVK K‡ib Ges Avš—Rv© wZK wgwWqvi m‡½ K_v e‡jb| c‡i wZwb jÛ‡b †gwWK¨vj †PKAvc K‡ib| 10 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j e½eÜz e„wUk iq¨vj Gqvi †dv‡m©i GKwU we‡kl wegv‡b jÛb †_‡K fvi‡Zi ivRavbx w`j−x Av‡mb| w`j−x wegvbe›`‡i fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx I †cÖwm‡W›U wfwf wMwi e½eÜz‡K Af¨_©Yv Rvbvb| †mLv‡b fviZxq RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ e½eÜz fvlY †`b Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× fviZxq‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi R‡b¨ abëv` I K…ZÁZv Ávcb K‡ib| c‡i e„wUk iq¨vj Gqvi †dv‡m©i IB we‡kl wegv‡b e½eÜz ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| XvKv Avš—R©vwZK wegvbe›ì †_‡K e½eÜz mivmwi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wM‡q evOvwj jv‡Lv RbZvi Av‡eM Avc−Z y fv‡jvevmv MÖnb K‡ib Ges Rbmfvq fvlY †`b| 12 Rvbyqvwi 1972 e½eÜz miKvi MVb K‡ib Ges †cÖwm‡W›Uwmqvj c×wZi cwie‡Z© †`‡k cÖavbgš¿x PvwjZ miKvi eë¯’v Pvjy K‡ib| e½eÜz wb‡R cÖavbgš¿x nb Ges ZvRDÏxb Avng`‡K K‡ib bZzb ¯^vaxb †`‡ki A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿x| GB mgq e½eÜz Zuvi miKv‡ii †cÖwm‡W›U evbvb Avey mvC` †PŠayix‡K| GB Avey mvC` †PŠayix cieZ©x‡Z e½eÜz miKv‡ii †bŠ cwienY gš¿x wQ‡jb Ges Av‡iv c‡i 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ e½eÜz mcwiev‡i wbnZ n‡j L›`Kvi †gvkZvK miKv‡ii ciivóªgš¿x n‡qwQ‡jb| O. ZvRDÏxb Avng` 1925 mv‡ji 23 RyjvB MvRxcy‡ii Kvcvwmqv _vbvi ì`wiqv MÖv‡g ZvRDÏxb Avng` Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| Zuvi evevi bvg †gŠjfx gynv¤§` Bqvwmb Lvb Ges gv‡qi bvg †g‡ni“‡bœQv Lvbg| ZvRDÏxbiv Pvi fvB Qq †evb| MÖv‡gi g³‡e Aviwe wk¶v w`‡q ZvRDÏx‡bi †jLvcovq nv‡ZLwo| c‡i wZwb fy‡jk¦i cÖvBgvwi B¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb| PZz_© †kªYxi QvÎ _vKv Ae¯’vq Zuv‡K Kvcvwmqv gvBbi Bswjk B¯‹‡z j fwZ© Kiv‡bv nq| c‡i Zuv‡K KvjxM‡Äi †m›U wb‡Kvjvm Bbw÷wUDkv‡b fwZ© Kiv nq| †mLvb †_‡K cÖavb wk¶‡Ki civg‡k© Zuv‡K XvKvq gymwjg e‡qm B¯‹z‡j fwZ©

Kiv‡bv nq| †mLvb †_‡K c‡i wZwb †m›U †MÖMwi nvB B¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb| ZvRDÏxb Zuvi B¯‹zj Rxe‡b me mgq K¬v‡ki dv÷©eq wQ‡jb| †m›U †MÖMwi nvB B¯‹zj †_‡K 1944 mv‡j wZwb cÖ_g wefv‡M †gwUªK cvk K‡ib Ges XvKv wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| KjKvZv †ev‡W©i Aax‡b mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq Zuvi Ae¯’vb wQj ev‡ivZg| ZvRDÏxb Avng` GKRb †KviAv‡b nv‡dR| 1942 mv‡j wØZxq wek¦h× y Kvjxb mg‡q wZwb wmwfj wW‡d‡Ý †Uªwbs †bb| 1948 mv‡j wZwb cÖ_g wefv‡M B›UviwgwW‡qU cvk K‡ib| ZLb Zuvi mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq Ae¯’vb wQj PZz_©| Gici wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q A_©bxwZ kv‡¯¿ Abvm© fwZ© nb Ges 1953 mv‡j weG cvk K‡ib| 1943 mvj †_‡K wZwb cvwK¯—vb gyf‡g‡›Ui m‡½ RwoZ wQ‡jb| GQvov wZwb eq¯‹vDU gyf‡g‡›UI RwoZ wQ‡jb| 1949 mv‡ji 23 Ryb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÖwZôv n‡j wZwb AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡M †hvM †`b| 1948 mv‡j e½eÜzi m‡½ wg‡j wZwb QvÎjxM cÖwZôv K‡ib| me©`jxq fvlv msMÖvg cwil‡ì wZwb GKRb Ab¨Zg m`m¨| 1952 mv‡j ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i KvivMv‡i cvVv‡bv nq| 1953 †_‡K 1957 mvj ch©š— wZwb XvKv †Rjv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| †Rj †_‡K Qvov †c‡q 1954 mv‡j cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì wbe©vP‡b wZwb hy³d«›U †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nb| G‡K dRjyj n‡Ki miKvi evwZj n‡j Zuv‡K Avev‡iv †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 1955 mv‡j wZwb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ms¯‹…wZ I mgvRKj¨vb wefv‡Mi †m‡µUvwi wbe©vwPZ nb| 1958 mv‡j AvBDe Lvb mvgwiK kvmb Rvix Ki‡j Zuv‡K Avev‡iv †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 1958 mv‡j wZwb miKvwi fv‡e Av‡gwiKv I e„‡Ub mdi K‡ib| 1959 mv‡ji 26 GwcÖj wZwb ˆmq`v †Rvniv LvZzb wjwj‡K we‡q K‡ib| 1964 mv‡j wZwb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K nb| IB eQi wZwb †R‡j _vKv Ae¯’vq j cix¶v †`b Ges GjGjwe wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| 1965 mv‡j †cÖwm‡W›Uwmqvj wbe©vP‡b wZwb dv‡Zgv wRbœvnÕi c‡¶ wbe©vPbx cÖPvivwfhv‡b †hvM †`b| 1966 mv‡j wZwb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| jv‡nv‡i e½eÜzi 6 `dv †ck Kivi mgq wZwb †mLv‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e †hvM †`b| 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq 1966 mv‡ji 8 †g Avev‡iv Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| 1969 mv‡ji 12 †deª“qvwi wZwb †Rj †_‡K Qvov †c‡q ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z AvBDe Lv‡bi m‡½ Kb‡fbk‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib| 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b wZwb RvZxq cwil‡ì m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| 25 gvP© 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi Acv‡ikvb mvP© jvBU ïi“ n‡j ZvRDÏxb cvwj‡q fvi‡Z P‡j hvb| †mLv‡b wZwb cÖevmx A¯’vqx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mKj mvsMVwbK Kvh©µg cvjb K‡ib| 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj wZwb

gywRebMi miKvi MVb K‡ib| 1971 mv‡ji 10 GwcÖj Aj BwÛqv †iwWI, †MvnvwU †_‡K ZvRDÏxb Avng` evsjv‡`‡ki cÖevmx miKv‡ii cªavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e †h fvlY †`b, Av‡gwiKvi Mf©‡g›U Ae †÷Um IB fvl‡Yi †h fvm©vb AvK©vBf K‡iwQj †mwU GLv‡b ûeû †`Iqv n‡jvÑ TO THE PEOPLE OF BANGLADESH English translation of an address by Mr. Tajuddin Ahmed, Prime Minister, on behalf of the Government of Bangla Desh headed by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, broadcast by Swadhin Bangla Desh Betar Kendra, 11 April, 1971. Heroic and brave brothers and sisters of Independent Bangla Desh. In the name of your President, Bangla Bandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the Government of People’s Republic of Bangla Desh, we salute you and pay homege to the departed souls of the martyrs who have sacrificed their lives in the difence of their motherland. They will shine in our memory as long as Bangla Desh exists, as long as a single citizen of Bangla Desh lives. Since the proclamation of independence by our leader, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, after General Yahya had on the midnight of 25th March, ordered his Army to commit genocide on the peace-loving people of Bangla Desh, you have joined the ranks of the immortals amongst the freedom fights of history. Your epic resistance against the colinial army of occupation from West Pakistan is an inspiration to the freedom loving peoples of the world. Each day of struggle adds a new and glorious page in the saga of our liberation struggle. Each martyr wins us a thousand friends in the world who cannot but salute your heroism. By your determination and ability to withstand the murderous on slaught of Yahya’s gang of prefessional killers you have shown that a new Bengali Nation has been born amidst the ruins of battlefield. To the world we were a peace-loving people, Friendly, human, fond of music and dance, imbued

with an awareness of culture and beauty. War and violence were thought to be foreign to our nature. But today whilst we remain true to our heritage, Bengalis have shown that they were also a warrior people, with an unconquerable will and courage to face an aggressor who enjoys overwhelming superiority in the use of weapons. Had you failed to resist this first onslaught, the newly independent Republic of Bangla Desh may have gone under the world may have had to wait many years before resistance raised its head once more. But you faced their tanks and bombers with your bare hands armed only with faith in the cause of a free Bangla Desh. Today you have put the merderous enemy on the defensive. Most of Bangla Desh is Liberated. The Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s press roams at will in Free Bangla Desh and reports your victories to an amazed and now admiring world. As news of the resistance spreads throughout Bangla Desh, young men and women are coming forward in their thousands to join the fight for freedom. Today a mighty army is being formed around the nucleus of professional soldiers from the Bengal Regiment and E.P.R. who have rallied to the cause of the liberation struggle. This have been joined by the Police, Ansars and Mujahids and now by thousands of Awami League and other volunteers and are being trained into a fighting force ready to use the captured weapons from the defeated West Pakistani merceneries and fresh arms being purchased from funds collected by our Bengali Brothers overseas. In the Sylhet/Comilla region, we have, commissioned Major Khaled Musharraf of the Bengal Regiment to take command of military operations in the region. The courage and daring of his force has already reduced the presence of the Pakistan Army to the cantonment of Sylhet and Comilla where they will soon be liquidated by the closing ring of the Liberation Army.

In the Chittagong and Noakhali we have commissioned Major Zia Rahman of the Bengal Regiment to take full command of operations. His heroic defence of Chittagong City against overwhelming odds, which included attacks from the air and sea, will take its place with the defence of Stalingrad in the annals of warfare. Today, thanks to his resistance Chittagong is still not secure in the hands of enemy, whilst the whole of Chittagong and Noakhali districts, outside limited pockets of Chittagong town are liberated areas. In the Mymensingh/Tangail area, we have commissioned Major Safiullah of the Bengal Regiment to take command of operations in the region. He has liberated major part of the area under his control and is ready to march on Dacca. The three commanders have already met and prepared a joint plan of battle designed to mop up surviving pockets of resistance in their respective areas preparatory to a combined onslaught on Dacca. In the South-West region, we have commissioned Major Osman of the E.P.R. to take command of the Kushtia and Jessore zone, while Major Jalil has been given charge of Faridpur-BarisalKhulna-Patuakhali zone. After the historic victory of Kushtia, the Liberation force has already driven the Pakistan army out of the whole area and confined them to the cantonment of Jessore and parts of Khulna town. In the North Bengal a Unified Command is being set up from the forces of Bengal Regiment and E.P.R. Our liberation forces under the command of Major Ahmed jave pushed out enemy forces from Rajshahi district. Major Nazrul and Major Nawazesh are laying siege to the hard pressed occupation army respectively in Saidpur and Rangpur. The liberation force have already driven the Pakistan army out of the whole Dinajpur, Bogra, Pabna and Rangpur districts except the limits of cantonment areas and are ready for final assault.

The brilliant success of our fighting forces and the daily additions to their strength in manpower and captured weapons has enabled the Government of People’s Republic of Bangla Desh, first announced through Major Zia Rahman, to set up a full fiedged operational base from which it is administering the liberated areas. Whilst the interim capital is located in the liberated area of the western zone, we have set up a rigional seat of government located in the liberated area of the Sylhet/Comilla zone, which is delegated to exercise full administerative authority over all areas in the eastern regions. We are now in a position to invite the World’s Press, diplomatic and political observers to tour the liberated areas and witness the reality of a free Bangla Desh. At the same time we ask all friendly governments and peoples as well as international agencies such as the Red Cross, who are willing to extend us aid on humanitarian grounds but have been prevented from doing so by the inhumanity of Islamabad, to make direct contact with the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangla Desh. Whilst humanitarian aid is welcome from all sources it must be remembered that what we need above all is arms to repel the agressor from the sacred soil of Bangla Desh. Today our civilian population are under equipped and outgunned by the modern mechanised army of occupation which has been equipped with the latest weapons from the arsenal of the big powers. We appeal to these powers to suspend all further arms deliveries to this army of murderers. These weapons were given for defence against external aggression and not to commit wanton muder on innocent women and children in Bangla Desh. Much of these weapons have been paid for by the blood and sweat of the toiling masses of Bangla Desh who are now being butchered in their thousands by these same weapons. We appeal to these powers to not only suspend all arms deliveries but to insist that these weapons of death be

tunred away from the task of suppressing the aspirations of 75 million Bengalis. To the extend that Yahya’s mercenaries remain insensitive to world opinion and continue with their planned genocide of Bengalis, we appeal for arms from all countries who value freedom and have fought aggression in their own time. In seeking aid from abroad we must remind our friends that this should be given in a spirit of goodwill without strings and designed solely to aid us in our liberation struggle. Bangla Desh has struggled far too long for its self-determination to allow themselves to became anyone’s satellite. Bengalis abroad are asked to step up their mobilization of funds and to purchase arms and despatch them promptly to the liberated areas so that our army and volunteers can be trained and equipped in their use. For those who as yet are unequipped with modern weapons or may not be so equipped for same time, as ask you to arm youselves with all variety of indigenous weapns at hand. You too have a role to play in combatting enemy paratroopers, commandos and agents who operate secrately in the liberated areas. You have a role to play in cutting roads, preparing ambushes and booby traps, guarding the waterways and even in direct combat with the enemy if they ever come to close quarters. To equip yourselves for this task, group yourselves for training and instructions under the Sangram Parishads whose field commanders should report for breifing to their military Area Commanders. Our errugular warfare units must operate as a deiscipline fighting force in close coordination with the professional vanguard of the Bangla Desh Liberation Army who will deploy them according to plan. The military part of the struggle is however only one aspect. The war for survival must also go on within Bangla Desh. We therefore invite all administrators, technicians and intellectuals and any other person anxious to join in the

Liberation struggle to come to the liberate areas and put their services at the disposal of the Government of Bangla Desh. A variety of tasks are ahead in the struggle requiring various skills and each in his own way can make a valuable contribution to the fight. We particularly invite all political leaders of all political parties of Bangla Desh to join us in a united struggle against the aggressor. Our struggle today rises above conventional political boundaries and must be seen as the struggle of the 75 million people of Bangla Desh for protecting their freedom. There should be no collaboration with the army of the occupation. If any self-styled leader thinks that he can, under the cover of Martial Law, rise up from the political grave where he was consigned by the 75 million people on 7th December, 1970, he does so at his peril. There can be no Quislings in Bangla Desh and those who are so blinded by fear or treachery to play this role, will be destroyed by the people themselves. We must however remember that this is a time of war and it is not possible to ensure that normal economic life will remain undisturbed. In the face of possible shortage we impress on all citizens of Bangla Desh to exercise self discipline and maximum austerity in their daily habits. Shopkeepers and traders are asked to avoid hoarding and black-marketing and as far as possible to keep the prices of daily necessities within the means of the common people. There can now be no doubt about the outcome of the final struggle. Victory is ours, earned by our own courage and sacrifice. This is now being gradually realised by the enemy. They thought it would be an easy victory and that Bengalis would be quickly intimidated by the sight of modern weapons. That we should withstand their murderous attack and now fight back has upset their well laid plans. Cut them off from all sources of foodstuffs. With all communications with their

headquarters in Dacca cut off by the people, their sole source for supplies and reinforcements is through airdrops. These are facing exhaustion due to lack of aviation fuel and the coming of Norwester season which makes flying dangerous. They face gradual isolation in a hostile sea which threatens to overrun them any day and sign of demoralisation and panic are visible in their desperate attempts to use planes to cause needless destruction in the liberated areas. The world community is also beginning to sit up and take notice of this majore conflagrations raging in the world’s eighth largest country_ the People’s Republic of Bangla Desh. No longer does the Islamabad Government’s lies about enforcing law and order in Dacca and the attainment of normalcy carry any conviction. As journalists and private citizens escape from the horror of war-ravaged Bangla Desh, they bring tales of war, atrocity, massacre, loot and terror inflicted by Yahya’s murderous hordes. As journalists travel freely in the liberated regions they bear witness to the slaughter and destruction and confirm the heroic resistance of the people of Bangla Desh. Already the U.S.S.R. and India have taken notice of the genocide and the U.S.S.R. has urged Pakistan to desist from its acts of repression. Even Britain has taken cognisance of the conflagration whilst Ceylon and Burma have responded to world opinion by refusing refuelling rights to Pakistani planes carrying their cargo of death to Dacca. Whilst there is still talk in some countries of this being an internal affair of Pakistan, it is becoming evident that the massacre of 75 million people and the attempt to suppress their struggle for freedom is now an international issue of major dimensions which threatens the conscience as much as the peace of the region. The Government of Bangla Desh has already used the services of patriotic Bengalis abroad to bring our plight to the notice of the world. We will soon send out our

own emissaries from Bangla Desh to the capitals of the world to seek diplomatic recognition and assistance in our struggle for freedom and survival. We appeal to our beleaguered brothers and sisters in the occupied territories who live day and night under the shadow of death and dishonour from the savages who call themselves the Pakistan Army to take courage and have faith in our cause and the strength of the Liberation Army. Those who wish to serve us, come out and join the struggle. Those who must of necessity stay on, we send a message of hope and inspiration that victory will be ours, Inshallah. The battle will not be long because our strength multiplies daily as our plight gets wider recognition in the world. But we can expect much blood to be shed by these butchers and much wnton destruction and pillage before they are wiped out by the Liberation Army. We must, therefore, look ahead to the task of reconstruction and the rebuilding of a new Bangla Desh on the ruins of East Pakistan. We must in this task never forget that this has been a people’s war in the truest sense of the word and that had it not been for the courage, patriotism and faith of the common man in the cause of a Free Bangla Desh we would never be able to enjoy the fruits of independence. We must therefore build a new world for the toiling masses of Bangla Desh, free from exploitation of man by man. In this new world, we promise freedom from hunger, disease, iliteracy and unemployment. To this task, we want to mobilise the unlimited energy and dedication of 75 million Bengalis who have secured our freedom with their blood and must now rebuild Bangla Desh with their sweat, into a modern, democratic society of and for the people, based on the principles of social justice and equality. JOI BANGLA JOI INDEPENDENT BANGLA DESH.

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A¯’vqx miKv‡ii ciivóªgš¿x wn‡m‡e L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` wek¦vmNvZKZv K‡i cvwK¯—v‡bi m‡½ †Kvjve‡ikv‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv bm¨vr Kivi †Póv Ki‡j ZvRDÏxb Zv `¶Zvi m‡½ †gvKv‡ejv K‡ib| 1971 mv‡ji 13 Ryb wek¦ †bZ…©e„‡›ì Kv‡Q evsjv‡`k miKvi‡K mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv Kivi Rb¨ wZwb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Av‡e`b K‡ib| 1971 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤î wZwb fviZ miKvi‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× AskMÖn‡bi R‡b¨ Av‡e`b K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ wZwb wek¦ RbgZ M‡o †Zv‡jb Ges Zuvi AMÖbx I ewjô †bZ…©‡Z¡ gvÎ 266 w`‡bi g‡a¨ 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb †`k wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| 22 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j ZvRDÏxb Avng` ¤^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©Y K‡ib| 10 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j e½eÜz ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©Y K‡ib| 12 Rvbyqvwi ZvRDÏxb e½eÜzi Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯—vš—i K‡ib| e½eÜz cÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ Mªnb Ki‡j ZvRDÏxb Avng`‡K †Ìqv nq m`¨ ¯^vaxb †`‡ki A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡| GKB mgq Zuv‡K bZzb †`‡ki msweavb cÖYqb KwgwUi m`m¨ Kiv nq| ZvRDÏx‡bi wei“‡× L›`Kvi †gvkZvK me mgq †j‡M wQ‡jb| e½eÜzi Kv‡b ZvRDÏxb m¤ú‡K© bvbv ¸Re iwU‡qwQ‡jb †gvkZvK| e½eÜzI †mB me ¸R‡e bvK Mjv‡j Awfgvb K‡i ZvRDÏxb 1974 mv‡ji 26 A‡±vei A_©gš¿xi c` †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ e½eÜz mcwiev‡i wbnZ n‡j ZvRDÏxb‡K M„ne›`x Kiv nq| 22 AvM÷ Zuv‡K XvKvi †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡i †bIqv nq| 3 b‡f¤î 1975 mv‡j KvivMv‡i ZvRDÏxb‡K Aci wZb RvZxq †bZv ˆmq` bRi“j Bmjvg, Gg gbmyi Avjx I GGBPGg Kvgi“¾vgv‡bi m‡½ wbtksmfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq| g„Z¨z Kv‡j wZwb ¯¿x ˆmq`v †Rvniv ZvRDÏxb, eo †g‡q kviwgb Avng` wiwc, †g‡R †g‡q wmwgb †nvmvBb wiwg, †QvU †g‡q gvnRvexb Avng` wgwg I GKgvÎ cyÎ ZvbwRg Avng` †mv‡nj mn AmsL¨ ïfvKv•Lx eÜzevÜe I ¸bvMÖvnx †i‡L †M‡Qb| me‡P‡q Avðv‡h©i welq n‡jv evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM ZvRDÏxb Avng‡ì Ae`vb‡K gy‡Q †djvi †Póv K‡i‡Q Ges GL‡bv Ki‡Q| mewKQz‡Z AvIqvgx jxM e½eÜzi ¯^cœ Lyu‡R cvq| wKš‘ e½eÜz †h †jvKwUi Kv‡Q ¯^cœ avi Ki‡Zb wZwb ZvRDÏxb Avng`, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i gq`v‡bi †bZv, whwb mvg‡b †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× †bZ…©Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb Ges ewnwe©‡k¦i m‡½ mgq Dc‡hvMx KzU‰bwZK ZrciZv Pvwj‡q‡Qb| A_P AvIqvgx jxM †mB †bZv‡K wVKg‡Zv g~j¨vqb K‡iwb| evsjv‡`k AvR ch©š— ZvRDÏxb Avng`‡K mwZ¨Kv‡ii gh©v`v †`qwb|

21. fvlv Av‡›`vjb kxZKvj| AvR AvKvkI Lye cwi¯‹vi| Avgvi kixiUvI †ek fv‡jv| mKv‡j †LRyi i‡mi cv‡qm †L‡q †iv‡` e‡mwQ| Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi c‡o BwZnv‡mi A‡bK NUbv Rvb‡Z cviwQ Avwg| ZvB Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi Ly‡j co‡Z ïi“ Kijvg| Ckvb GB c‡e© Avgv‡ì fvlv Av‡›`vjb wb‡q wj‡L‡Q| Ckvb wj‡L‡QÑ 1947 mv‡j fviZ fv‡Mi ci be MwVZ cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi cwðg Ges c~e© DBs‡qi †fŠMwjK Ae¯’v, fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ I AvPi AvPi‡Yi g‡a¨ e¨vcK cv_©K¨ cwijw¶Z nq| cvwK¯—v‡bi †gvU †jvKmsL¨v 69 wgwjq‡bi g‡a¨ 44 wgwjq‡bi emevm ZLb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b Avi 25 wgwjq‡bi emevm cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b| Avi GB 44 wgwjqb gvbyl evsjv fvlvq K_v e‡j| wKš‘ cvwK¯—v‡bi miKvi, wmwfj mvwf©m I wgwjUvwi‡Z ZLb cwðg cvwK¯—vbx‡ì GKK AvwacZ¨| cvwK¯—v‡bi ivRavbx KivPx‡Z 1947 mv‡j GKwU RvZxq wk¶v m‡¤§j‡b D`©y‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóª fvlv Kivi R‡b¨ cÖ_g cvqZviv ïi“ nq| B¯‹zj, K‡jR I wgwWqvq ZLb e¨vcK fv‡e D`©y fvlvi eënvi n‡Z _v‡K| Zvi cÖwZev‡` XvKvq ZLb evOvwj BmjvwgK mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb ZgyÏxb gRwj‡mi †m‡µUvwi Aveyj Kv‡k‡gi †bZ…©‡Z¡ QvÎiv wgwQj K‡ib| wgwQ‡ji ZLb GKUvB `vex evsjv‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªfvlv Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi wk¶v gva¨g Ki‡Z n‡e evsjv fvlvq| IB mgq cvwK¯— vb wmwfj mvwf©m Kwgkb †_‡K evsjv‡K ev` †Ìqv nq| cvwK¯—v‡bi †K›`ªxq wk¶vgš¿x dRjyi ingvb ZLb D`©y‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnb K‡ib| IB D‡`¨v‡Mi cÖwZev‡` 8 wW‡m¤î 1947 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤úv‡m QvÎiv R‡ov nq Ges cÖwZev` wgwQj K‡i| evsjv‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi Awdwmqvj fvlv Kivi R‡b¨ QvÎiv ZLb †Rvi `vex Rvbvq| wW‡m¤^‡ii †k‡li w`‡K ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` (b¨vkbvj j¨v½y‡qR G¨vKkvb KwgwU) MVb Kiv nq| ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil‡ì AvnevqK nb cÖ‡dmi byi“j nK fu~BTv| cuvP m`m¨ wewkó cÖwZôvZv m`mïv n‡jb cÖ‡dmi byi“j nK f~uBqv, kvgmyj Avjg, Aveyj Lv‡qi, Ave`yj Iqv‡n` †PŠayix I Awj Avnv`| c‡i GB KwgwU‡Z †gvnv¤§` †Zvnv I ˆmq` bRi“j Bmjvg †hvM w`‡j Zv mvZ m`m¨ wewkó nq| 1948 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil‡ì Avev‡iv GKwU KwgwU MVb Kiv nq RvZxq cwil` m`m¨ kvgmyj n‡Ki †bZ…©‡Z¡| c‡i RvZxq cwil` m`m¨ ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë cvwK¯—vb G‡m¤^wj‡Z ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB wej DÌvcb K‡ib| GB we‡ji c‡¶ ZLb G‡m¤^wj‡Z e³e¨ †`b RvZxq cwil` m`m¨ †cÖg nwi eg©Y, f~‡c›`ª Kzgvi `Ë I kªxm P›`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq| GB we‡ji mivmwi we‡ivaxZv K‡ib cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb Ges gymwjg jxM| Zv‡ì e³e¨

n‡jv GB wej cvk n‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi RbMY `yBfv‡M wef³ n‡q hv‡e| Ges G‡m¤^wj‡Z wejwU ZLb KÉ †fv‡U cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq| miKvwi Awdm †_‡K evsjv fvlv gy‡Q †djv, ivóªxq K‡qb †_‡K evsjv fvlv gy‡Q †djv, ÷¨v¤ú †_‡K evsjv fvlv gy‡Q †djv Ges †bŠevwnbxi wiµzU‡g›U †U÷ †_‡K evsjv fvlv gy‡Q †djvi cÖwZev‡` XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq mn XvKvi mKj K‡j‡Ri QvÎQvÎxiv 11 gvP© 1948 mv‡j QvÎ ag©NU cvjb K‡ib| QvÎ ag©N‡Ui wgwQj I cÖwZev` i¨vwj‡Z evsjv‡K Awdwmqvj fvlv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †èvi `vex Rvbv‡bv nq| QvÎ‡ì IB wgwQj †_‡K ZLb kvgmyj nK, kIKZ Avjx, KvRx †Mvjvg gvneye, Awj Avnv`, Ave`yj Iqv‡n` †PŠayix mn K‡qKRb‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| †gvnv¤§` †Zvnv cywj‡ki ivB‡d‡ji evU‡bi AvNv‡Z nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© nb| QvÎ‡bZv Ave`yj gwZb I Ave`yj gv‡jK DwKjI IB mgq AvnZ nb| cywjwk wbh©vZb I †MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZev‡` IB w`b weKv‡j gyL¨gš¿x LvRv bvwRgyÏx‡bi evmfe‡bi w`‡K QvÎ‡ì GKwU wgwQj AMÖmi n‡j cywjk nvB‡Kv‡U©i mvg‡b wgwQ‡j evav †`q| wgwQj ZLb i“U cwieZ©b K‡i †m‡µUvwi‡qU wewìs‡qi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡j cywjk wgwQ‡j jvwV PvR© K‡i| ZLb QvÎ‡ì m‡½ †k‡i evsjv G‡K dRjyj nKI AvnZ nb| QvÎiv cywjwk nvgjvi cÖwZev‡` Ges ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vex‡Z 12 †_‡K 15 gvP© ch©š— jvMvZvi ag©NU cvjb K‡i| GB mgq DËß ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ mvgvj w`‡Z gyL¨gš¿x LvRv bvwRgyÏxb QvÎ‡bZv‡ì m‡½ GKwU Av‡cvl cÖ¯—ve K‡ib Ges †NvlYv †`b †h, ivóªfvlv mn QvÎ‡ì mKj `vex †g‡b †bIqv n‡e| 19 gvP© 1948 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn XvKvq Av‡mb| 21 gvP© XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Av‡qvwRZ †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvnÕi MY msea©bv mfvq wRbœvn e‡jb †h, ivóªfvlv Bmy¨ msev`c‡Îi wWRvBb Kiv GKwU welq| cvwK¯—vbx gymjgvb‡ì `yB fvM Kivi R‡b¨ GUv GKUv g¯—eo lohš¿| Gici wRbœvn †NvlYv †`bÑ D`y© Ges GKgvÎ D`y©B n‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóªfvlv| hviv Gi we‡ivaxZv Ki‡e Zviv cvwK¯—v‡bi kÎ“ wn‡m‡e Mb¨ n‡e| Dcw¯’Z RbZv wRbœvnÕi IB e³‡eï Pig cÖwZev` K‡ib| ciw`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KvR©b n‡j wRbœvn GKB e³e¨ cybi“”PviY K‡ib| IB wgwUs‡qI wRbœvnÕi e³‡eï cÖwZev` Kiv nq| 28 gvP© 1948 mv‡j XvKv Z¨vM Kivi Av‡M wRbœvn RvZxi D‡Ï‡k¨ †iwWI fvl‡YI GKB K_v e‡jb †h, D`y©B n‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv| Zvici cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖv‡`wkK miKvi fvlv mgm¨v LwZ‡q †`Lvi R‡b¨ gvIjvbv AvKivg LuvÕi †bZ„‡© Z¡ c~e© evsjv fvlv KwgwU MVb K‡ib| GB KwgwU‡K mgm¨v

mgvav‡b Kvh©Ki GKwU civgk© cÖ`v‡bi R‡b¨ wi‡cvU© Ki‡Z ejv nq| 1950 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤î GB KwgwU Zuv‡ì wi‡cvU© cy¯‘Z †kl K‡ib| wKš‘ 1958 mv‡ji Av‡M Zv cÖKvk Kiv nqwb| fvlv mgm¨v mgvav‡b cvwK¯—vb miKvi civgk© w`‡jb †h, Aviwe w¯Œ‡Þi g‡a¨ evsjv fvlvq †jLv hv‡e| wUDeviK¬zwm‡m Avµvš— n‡q 1948 mv‡ji 11 †m‡Þ¤î KivPx‡Z Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn gviv hvb| 14 †m‡Þ¤î 1948 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi wØZxq Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij nb m¨vi LvRv bvwRgyÏxb| 1951 mv‡ji 16 A‡±vei cvwK¯—v‡bi ivIqvjwcwÛÕi †Kv¤úvwb Mv‡W©‡b gymwjg jx‡Mi wmwU BDwb‡Ui GK Rbmfvq mv` AvKei eveivK bv‡gi GKRb Av‡ZvZvqx cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb‡K cici `yB evi Lye KvQ †_‡K ey‡K ¸wj K‡ib| cÖPÊ i³cv‡Zi Kvi‡Y nvmcvZv‡j †bIqvi c‡_ wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb gviv hvb| mv` AvKei eveivK c‡i cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z NUbv¯’‡jB cÖvY nvivb| mv` AvKei eveivK AvdMvb bvMwiK Ges GKRb cÖ‡dkbvj Av‡ZvZvqx| nvRviv Zv‡K wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ c‡i Rvbv hvq †h, wmAvBG-Gi cÖZ¨¶ g`‡` IB nZ¨vKvÊ NUv‡bv n‡qwQj| wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb gviv †M‡j 17 A‡±vei 1951 mv‡j m¨vi LvRv bvwRgyÏxb cvwK¯—v‡bi wØZxq cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb| GKB mgq cvwK¯—v‡bi Z…Zxq Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb gvwjK †Mvjvg gynv¤§`| 27 Rvbyqvwi 1952 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRgyÏxb †NvlYv †`b †h, D`©yB n‡e cvwK¯—v‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv| IB †NvlYvi cÖwZev‡` 31 Rvbyqvwi 1952 mv‡j gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbxi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ me©`jxq †K›`ªxq ivóªfvlv Kg©x cwil‡ì GK Ri“ix êVK AbywôZ nq XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evi jvB‡eªwi n‡j| IB mfvq Aviwe w¯Œ‡Þ evsjv †jLvi cÖPÊ we‡ivaxZv Kiv nq Ges 21 †deª“qvwi 1952 mv‡j cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii wei“‡× me©vZ¥K Av‡›`vjb Kg©m~wPi ZvwiL †NvlYv Kiv nq| 21 †deª“qvwi Zvwi‡L XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q cÖwZev` wgwQj I i¨vwj Av‡qvR‡biI †NvlYv †Ìqv nq IB mfvq| 4 †deªyqvwi 1952 mv‡j QvÎiv XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q GK cÖwZev` mfvi Av‡qvRb K‡i| Aviwe w¯Œ‡Þ evsjv †jLvi cÖwZev‡` IB mfv Dcj‡¶ cvwK¯—vb miKvi cy‡iv XvKv kn‡i ZLb 144 aviv Rvix K‡i| 4 R‡bi †ewk R‡ov n‡jB ¸wj Kiv n‡e e‡j miKvi ûwkqvix D”PviY K‡i| 21 †deªyqvwi 1952 mvj| mKvj bqUv †_‡K 144 aviv D‡c¶v K‡i QvÎiv G‡K G‡K XvKv wek¦w`¨vj‡qi Kjv feb cv`‡`‡k R‡ov n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| GB mgq †mLv‡b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wfwm mn Ab¨vb¨ Awdwmqvj Kg©KZ©vivI Dcw¯’Z nb| cywjk ZLb †MvUv wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKv wN‡i iv‡L| †ejv †cŠ‡b GMv‡ivUvi

w`‡K QvÎiv wek¦we`¨vjq †MU †_‡K cywjk e¨vwi‡MU †f‡½ evwni nevi †Póv Pvjvq| GB mgq cywjk Kuv`y‡b M¨vm wb‡¶c K‡i Ges QvÎ‡ì jvwV‡cUv K‡i| ZLb QvÎ‡ì GKwU Ask XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri w`‡K Ae¯’vb †bq| Avi wKQz QvÎ wek¦we`¨vjq K¨v¤úv‡m †_‡K hvq| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wfwm ZLb cywjk‡K dvqvi eÜ Ki‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib Ges QvÎ‡ì K¨v¤úvm †Q‡o P‡j hvevi R‡b¨ wb‡`©k †`b| IB mgq cywjk 144 aviv f‡½i `v‡q †ek wKQz QvÎ‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| QvÎiv ZLb Av‡iv wew¶ß n‡q I‡V| Zvici weKvj bvMv` QvÎiv Avevi B÷ †e½j †jwRm‡jwUf G‡m¤^wjÕi cv‡k R‡ov n‡Z _v‡K| ZLb QvÎiv †jwRm‡jwUf‡ì hvZvqv‡Z evav †`q Ges cy‡iv feb †NivI K‡i| GB mgq wm×vš— nq cywjk ¸wj Ki‡jI mvZ Rb K‡i QvÎ‡ì MÖ“c fe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Dcw¯’Z QvÎ‡ì ga¨ †_‡K ZLb cÖ_g MÖ“cwU †jwRm‡jwUf fe‡b cÖ‡ek Kivi †Póv Ki‡j cywjk Zuv‡ì Dci ¸wj K‡i| ZLb cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z Ave`ym Qvjvg, iwdK DÏxb Avn‡g`, Aveyj eiKZ I Ave`yj ReŸvi wbnZ nb| cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z QvÎ wbnZ nevi Lei Qwo‡q ci‡j †MvUv XvKv kn‡i wew¶ß Av‡›`vjb ïi“ nq| kn‡ii †`vKvb cvU Awdm Av`vjZ me eÜ n‡q hvq| G‡m¤^wj‡Z ZLb Qq Rb evOvwj m`m¨ gyL¨gš¿x byi“j Avgxb‡K nvmcvZv‡j QvÎ‡ì †`L‡Z hvevi R‡b¨ Aby‡iva K‡ib| g‡bviÄb ai, emš—Kzgvi `vm, kvgmywÏb Avn‡g`, ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë gyL¨gš¿x‡K nvmcvZv‡j hvevi R‡b¨ Aby‡iva K‡ib Ges wbnZ QvÎ‡ì knx` wn‡m‡e G‡m¤^wj‡Z †kvK mfvi cÖ¯—ve K‡ib| †kvK mfvi IB cÖ¯v— ‡e mg_©Y K‡ib †UªRvwi †e‡Âi m`m¨ gvIjvbv Ave`yi ikx` ZK©evMxk, kidzwÏb Avn‡g`, kvgmywÏb Avn‡g` L›`Kvi I gwmDÏxb Avn‡g`| wKš‘ gyL¨gš¿x byi“j Avgxb IB cÖ¯—ve mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨b K‡ib| 22 †deª“qvwi mKvj †_‡K †MvUv XvKv kn‡i wew¶ß Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Z _v‡K| Pvi Rb Qv‡Îi RvbvRv covi R‡b¨ KvR©b n‡ji mvg‡b Aš—tZ 30 nvRvi RbZv GKwÎZ nq| ZLb cywjk RvbvRvqI ¸wj Pvjvq| ZLb Av‡iv Pvi Rb gviv hvq| kn‡ii Awdm e¨vsK exgv Av`vjZ †`vKvb cvU mewKQz eÜ n‡q hvq| jvk wb‡q wgwQj Kivi mgq bIqvecy‡i cywjk Avev‡iv wgwQ‡j ¸wj K‡i| IB mgq †mLv‡b Av‡iv K‡qKRb cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wbnZ nq| †mLv‡b QvÎ‡bZv mwdDi ingvb I bq eQ‡ii IwnDj−vn wbnZ nq| 23 †k †deª“qvwi mviv ivZ XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri QvÎiv knx`‡ì ¯§„wZi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯§„wZ¯—¤¢ knx` wgbvi evbvq| 24 †deª“qvwi knx` wgbvi evbv‡bv †kl nq| knx` mwdDi ingv‡bi evev‡K w`‡q IB knx` wgbvi D‡™¢vab Kiv‡bv nq| nv‡Z †jLv KvM‡R wj‡L ivLv nq knx`‡ì R‡b¨ ¯§„wZ¯—¤¢| cywjk 26 †k †deª“qvwi IB

¯§„wZ¯—¤¢ ¸wo‡q †`q| 25 †k †deª“qvwi bvivqbM‡Äi cvUKj kªwgKiv QvÎ nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` I ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB `vex‡Z me©vZ¥K ag©NU cvjb K‡ib| 29 †k †deª“qvwi Avev‡iv kªwgKiv GKB `vex‡Z me©vZ¥K ag©NU cvjb Kv‡j wgwQ‡j cywjk jvwVPvR© K‡i| 14 GwcÖj 1952 mv‡j G‡m¤^wj cybivq ïi“ n‡j evOvwj †jwRm‡jwUfiv ivóªfvlv evsjv Bmy¨‡Z K_v ej‡Z PvB‡j gymwjg jx‡Mi m`mïv Zv‡Z evav †`q| 16 GwcÖj XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Lyj‡j me©`jxq †K›`ªxq ivóªfvlv Kg©x cwil` GK wgwUs K‡i Ges 27 GwcÖj evi KvDwÝj n‡j GK †mwgbv‡ii †NvlYv †`q| IB †mwgbv‡i e³viv †MÖdZviK…Z‡ì †Q‡o †èvi `vex Rvbvq| RbM‡Yi PjvP‡ji Dci Av‡ivwcZ wewa wb‡la Zz‡j †beviI `vex Rvbvq| Ges ivóªfvlv evsjv Kivi R‡b¨ †Rvi `vex Rvbvq| c‡i me©`jxq ivóªfvlv †K›`ªxq Kg©x cwil` AvIqvgx jx‡Mi m‡½ GKwÎZ n‡q c‡ii eQi 21 †k †deª“qvwi knx` wèm cvj‡bi †NvlYv †`q| cÖ_g knx` wè‡m 1953 mv‡ji 21 †k †deª“qvwi mviv XvKvq mKj evOvwj Kv‡jv e¨vR aviY K‡i Ges QvÎ‡ì m‡½ cywj‡ki GKwU HK¨gZ¨ nq AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw¯’vZ ¯^vfvweK ivLvi e¨vcv‡i| IB w`b Avg©vwb‡Uvjvq Aš—tZ 10 nvRvi gvby‡li mgv‡e‡k gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx mn mKj Kvive›`x‡ì gyw³i R‡b¨ `vex †Zvjv nq| IB mgq cvwK¯—vbx ivRbxwZwe` dRjyi ingvb †NvlYv †`bÑ hw` †KD evsjv fvlvi `vex‡Z Av‡›`vjb msMÖvg Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j Zv‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi kÎ“ wn‡m‡e Mb¨ Kiv n‡e| 21 †k †deª“qvwi 1954 mv‡j IB †NvlYv Agvb¨ K‡i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi nj¸‡jv‡Z QvÎiv Kv‡jv e¨vR aviY K‡i Ges ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB `vex‡Z wgwQj †ei K‡i| IB wgwQj †_‡K ZLb A‡bK QvÎ‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Pjgvb ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZvi g‡a¨ 1954 mv‡ji cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì wbe©vP‡b G‡K dRjyj n‡Ki †bZ…©Z¡vaxb hy³d«›U c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b wecyj †fv‡U weRqx nq| hwÌ AvIqvgx jxM I hy³d«‡›Ui †Kvqvwjkv‡bi A‡bK †bZvKg©x‡K ZLb †MÖdZvi Kiv n‡qwQj| wKš‘ †fv‡Ui djvd‡ji ci 7 †g 1954 mv‡j cvj©v‡g‡›U gymwjg jx‡Mi m`mïv cÖavbgš¿x †gvnv¤§` Avjx eMyovi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKwU wgwUs K‡i ivóªfvlv evsjv wb‡q m„ó ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv wbim‡bi GKwU Dcvq †ei Kivi †Póv K‡ib| IB mgq cvwK¯—v‡b Ab¨vb¨ fvlvi Rb‡Mvôxi †jvKRb wb‡R‡ì fvlv‡KI Awdwmqvj Kivi R‡b¨ miKv‡ii cÖwZ cÖej Pvc m„wó K‡iwQj| ZLb IB wgwUs‡q Av‡›`vjb `gv‡Z evsjv fvlv‡K miKvwi fvlv Kivi wm×vš— nq| D`©y fvlvi mgZzj¨ evsjv fvlvv‡K miKvwi gh©v`v `v‡b gymwjg jx‡Mi wm×v‡š—i

cÖwZev‡` cvwK¯—v‡bi †gŠjfx Ave`yj nK ZLb cÖvq GK jvL †jv‡Ki mgv‡e‡k Zv †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| wKš‘ wbe©vP‡b e¨vcK civR‡qi ci G‡K dRjyj nK miKvi MVb Ki‡j evsjv fvlv, evsjv mvwnZ¨ I HwZ‡nï †cÖv‡gvkvb, †W‡fjc‡g›U I wcÖRv‡f©kv‡bi R‡b¨ 1955 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤î evsjv GKv‡Wgx cÖwZôv Kiv nq| 1953 mv‡ji 17 GwcÖj cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij gvwjK †Mvjvg gynv¤§` cÖavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRgyÏxb‡K eiLv¯— K‡ib| cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x evbvb Av‡iK evOvwj gynv¤§` Avjx e¸ov‡K| GKB w`‡b cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb gynv¤§` Avjx e¸ov| 1954 mv‡j gvwjK †Mvjvg gynv¤§` cÖwZi¶v mwPe †_‡K B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v‡K c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi evbvb| ZLb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b ivóªfvlv evsjv PvB Bmy¨‡Z ivR‰bwZK APjve¯’v PjwQj| B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v c‡ii eQi cvwK¯—v‡bi gynv¤§` Avjx e¸ovi gš¿xmfvq BbUvwiqi I d«w›Uqi wiwRq‡bi gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1955 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi gvwjK †Mvjvg gynv¤§`‡K kvixwiKfv‡e Amy¯’Zvi †`vnvB w`‡q †Rvic~eK © G¨vw±s Mf©bi nb B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v| c‡i 6 A‡±vei 1955 mv‡j B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb| 1955 mv‡ji 12 AvM÷ B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v †Rvic~e©K cÖavbgš¿x gynv¤§` Avjx e¸ov‡KI eiLv¯— K‡ib| bZzb cÖavbgš¿x evbvb †PŠayix gynv¤§` Avjx‡K| †PŠayix gynv¤§` Avjx‡K m‡½ wb‡q B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v cvwK¯—v‡bi msweavb cÖYq‡bi KvR ïi“ K‡ib Ges cvwK¯—vb‡K wicvewjK wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| 23 gvP© 1956 mv‡j wZwb cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi †Rbv‡ij †_‡K cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U nb| 12 †m‡Þ¤î wZwb cÖavbgš¿x †PŠayix gynv¤§` Avjx‡KI eiLv¯— K‡ib| cvwK¯—v‡bi bZzb cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e ZLb kc_ †bb †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©x| †mvnivIqv`©x cÖavbgš¿x nevi ci c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi R‡b¨ A_©‰bwZK eivÏ eviv‡bvi D‡`¨vM wb‡j 17 A‡±vei 1957 mv‡j †cÖwm‡W›U B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v Zuv‡K c`Z¨v‡M eva¨ K‡ib| cvwK¯—v‡bi bZzb cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb BmgvBj Beªvnxg PywÛªMo| 16 wW‡m¤î 1957 mv‡j Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ nb wd‡ivR Lvb byb| wZwb 7 A‡±vei 1958 mvj ch©š— cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wQ‡jb| cvwK¯—v‡bi ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZi ZLb Av‡iv AebwZ N‡U| 7 A‡±vei 1958 mv‡j †cÖwm‡W›U mvwneRv`v ˆmq` B¯‹›`vi Avjx wgR©v cvwK¯—v‡b Ri“ix AvBb Rvix K‡ib| cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK evbvb Zvi fvix Av¯’vfvRb †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lvb‡K| Kuzwo w`b ci 27 A‡±vei 1958 mv‡j †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij AvBDe Lvb GK i³cvZnxb †mbv Afy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v‡K nwU‡q wb‡R cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U nb| B¯‹v›`vi wgR©v‡K wZwb jÛ‡b wbe©vm‡b cvVvb| cvwK¯—v‡bi bq

gv‡mi cÖavbgš¿x wd‡ivR Lvb by‡bi ¯¿x †eMg wfKvi“b †bQv byb GKRb mgvR‡meK wQ‡jb| Zuvi bv‡gB XvKvq wfKvi“b †bQv byb B¯‹zj cÖwZwôZ nq| wZwb wQ‡jb Rb¥m~‡Î A‡÷ªwjqvb bvMwiK| Zuvi Avmj bvg wf‡±vwiqv| 1945 mv‡j wZwb m¨vi wd‡ivR Lvb byb‡K we‡q K‡ib Ges ag©vš—wiZ n‡q Bmjvg ag© MÖnb K‡ib| Igiv nR cvjb †k‡l wZwb bZzb bvg †bb †eMg wfKvi“b †bQv byb| 1950 mv‡j wZwb XvKvq wfKvi“b †bQv byb Mvj©m B¯‹zj cÖwZôv K‡ib| 1969 mv‡ji 25 gvP© AvBDe Lvb †mbvcÖavb Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| cvwK¯—v‡bi Z…Zxq †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e ¶gZv MÖnb K‡ib †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb 25 gvP© 1969 mv‡j| Zvi mg‡qB evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxbZv hy× AbywôZ nq| 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡j 20 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j wZwb RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Ævi Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯—vš—i K‡ib| †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Mvj© †d«BÛ wQ‡jb my›ìx AvKjxg AvKZvi| Zv‡K ejv n‡Zv †Rbv‡i‡ji ivbx| ZLb cvwK¯—v‡b †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi c‡i me‡P‡q ¶gZvai †jvK wQ‡jb GB AvKjxg AvKZvi| wZwb Awdwmqvj bv n‡qI miKvwi cÖ‡UvKj †c‡Zb| GB AvKjxg AvKZvi n‡jb eZ©gvb Kv‡ji cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖL¨vZ cc ÷vi dK‡i Avjg I Av`bvb mvgxÕi bvbx| Avi evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl BwZnvm bv †R‡bB †mB KzL¨vZ gwnjvi bvZx Av`bvb mvgx‡K wb‡q K‡ZvB bv bvPvbvwP K‡i AvRKvj| Kx wewPÎ GB †`k, Kx wewPÎ GB †`‡ki gvbyl| Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi eÜ K‡i †i‡L Avwg evMv‡b †Mjvg| Avgvi †g‡R bb` †ejv G‡m‡Q Wve wb‡Z| ivZ †_‡K bvwK Zvi †QvU †Q‡j Avmjv‡gi Wvqwiqv| kxZKv‡j Wvqwiqv n‡jv Kx K‡i? GB wPš—vq Avgvi gv_vI ZLb bó nevi †RvMvi| hvevi mgq †ejv ïay Wve bq PviwU bvi‡KjI wbj| Avi Avgv‡K w`‡q †Mj jvD‡qi wewP| cyKz‡ii cv‡i bZzb gvwU‡Z jvMv‡bvi R‡b¨| 22. N~wY©So †MvwK© AvR eyaevi| AvR wPZjgvixi nvU| hZxb‡K m‡½ wb‡q Bgvg †M‡Q wPZjgvixi nv‡U exR avb wKb‡Z| wbkv‡bi dig wdjv‡ci UvKv †RvMvo Ki‡Z exR avb wewµ Kiv n‡qwQj| GLb †mB exR avb Avevi nvU †_‡K wKb‡Z n‡”Q| Bgv‡gi evev KL‡bv exR avb wewµ Ki‡Zv bv| †hfv‡e cvi‡Zv Ab¨ wKQz w`‡q UvKv †RvMvi Ki‡Zv| wKš‘ Bgvg †Kv‡bv w`kv bv †c‡q ZLb exR avb wewµ K‡iwQj| AvR exR bv †c‡j mvg‡bi nvU Avm‡Z Avm‡Z gvV ïwK‡q hv‡e| ZLb exR †djvI KwVb n‡q hv‡e| ex‡Ri `ytwðš—v `~i Ki‡Z Avwg Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi wb‡q

ewm| †fvjv N~wY©So wb‡q Ckvb Kx wj‡L‡Q †`wL| Ckvb wj‡L‡QÑ 12 b‡f¤î 1970 mv‡j G kZvwãi me‡P‡q fqsKi N~wY©So †MvwK© AvNvZ nv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YvÂ‡ji †Rjv †fvjvq| GB N~wY©S‡oi AvIZvq ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx, ei¸bv, wc‡ivRcyi, ev‡MinvU, Lyjbv, mvZ¶xiv, †bvqvLvjx, Kzwgj−v, K·evRvi, PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gI e¨vcK ¶wZ nq| me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq †fvjv †Rjv| Avi †fvjvi ZRygyÏxb _vbvq me‡P‡q †ewk cÖjq mvwaZ nq| GB N~wY©S‡o cÖvq `k jvL †jvK cÖvY nvivq| hwÌ miKvwi wn‡me Abyhvqx, g„‡Zi msL¨v aiv nq cuvP jvL| cÖkvš— gnvmvMixq UªwcK¨vj ÷ªg †bviv `w¶Y Pxb mvM‡i `yB w`b Ae¯’vb Kivi ci gjq DcmvM‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i 5 b‡f¤î 1970 mv‡j| GB m„ó wbgœPvcwU cieZ©x mg‡q 8 b‡f¤î 1970 mv‡ji mKv‡ji w`‡K e‡½vcmvM‡ii †K‡›`ª Av‡iv GKwU wbgœPv‡ci m„wó K‡i| Avi ax‡i ax‡i GwU DËi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| fvi‡Zi AvenvIqv Awa`ßi Rvbvq †h, wbgœPvcwU Av‡iv DË‡i AMÖmi n‡q 14.5 wWwMÖ DËi A¶sk Ges 87 wWwMÖ c~e© `ªvwNÖgvs‡k Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q Ges ax‡i ax‡i GwU N~wY©S‡o iƒc wb‡”Q| 9 b‡f¤î 1970 mv‡j GB wbgœPvcwU mÜ¨v bvMv` cÖej N~wY©S‡o iƒc wb‡q‡Q| †mB m‡½ e„wócvZ I evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM Zxeª n‡q‡Q| 10 b‡f¤î GwU Av‡iv DË‡i AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| 11 b‡f¤î GwU cy‡ivcywi ZxeªgvÎvi N~wY©S‡o iƒc †bq| e‡½vcmvM‡i m„ó GB N~wY©SowU ax‡i ax‡i DË‡i AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| fvi‡Zi `¨ BwÛqvb †g‡UªvjwRK¨vj wWcvU©‡g›U ev AvBGgwW-i IB AvenvIqvi c~e©vfv‡l bRi`vix K‡i Av‡gwiKvi `¨ R‡q›U UvBdzb Iqvwb©s †m›Uvi ev †RwUWwe−Dwm| Zviv GB N~wY©S‡oi MwZ‡eM gvcvi †Póv K‡i| mvwdi wm¤úmb †¯‹j Abyhvqx, e‡½vcmvM‡i m„ó IB N~wY©SowUi MwZ‡eM NÈvq cÖvq 185 wK‡jvwgUvi †_‡K 215 wK‡jvwgUvi| IB N~wY©S‡oi †K‡›`ª evZv‡mi m‡e©v”P MwZ‡eM NÈvq 966 wK‡jvwgUvi| Av‡gwiKvb‡ì mvwdi wm¤úmb †¯‹‡ji wn‡me Abyhvqx, GwU ZLb 3 gvÎvi †nwi‡Kb N~wY©So| 12 b‡f¤î 1970 mv‡ji mÜ¨vq N~wY©SowU evsjv‡`‡ki †fvjv I fvi‡Zi cwðge½ DcK~‡j AvNvZ nv‡b| IB mgq e‡½vcmvM‡i wQj cÖej fiv †Rvqvi| †h Kvi‡Y GwU Av‡iv kw³kvjx n‡q 5 gvÎvi †nwi‡Kb N~wY©S‡o iƒc †bq| N~wY©SowUi MwZ‡eM ZLb NÈvq 215 wK‡jvwgUvi †_‡K 285 wK‡jvwgUvi| †MvUv †fvjv †Rjvq GwU cÖjqsKvix aŸsm jxjv m„wó K‡i| ¯^vfvweK †Rvqv‡ii Zzjvbvq 40 dzU †_‡K 60 dzU D”PZvi R‡jv”Q¡v‡m †MvUv †fvjv †Rjv ZLb cÖej cvwbi

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27 †g 1948 mv‡j MvÜxRx nZ¨v gvgjvi Av`j‡Z Uªvqvj ïi“ nq| Av`vj‡Z ïbvbx PjvKv‡j bv_yivg eiveiB GKwU K_v e‡j‡Qb †h, MvÜxRx‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ wZwb `xN© w`b †Póv K‡i‡Qb Ges †kl ch©š— mdj n‡q‡Qb| bv_yivg MW‡m `vex K‡ib †h, fviZ fv‡Mi Rb¨ evcyRx `vqx| Avi fviZ fv‡Mi ci wn›`y gymwjg `v½vq †h nvRvi nvRvi wn›`y gviv †M‡Q, †mR‡bÏ gnvZ¥v MvÜx `vqx| ZvB Zuv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z †c‡i Avwg Lywk| KviY evcyRxÕi bb-fv‡qv‡jÝ gyf‡g›U gymwjg‡ì Av‡iv kw³kvjx K‡iwQj| cvkvcvwk IB gyf‡g‡›Ui Kvi‡Y wn›`y‡ì wb‡R‡ì i¶v Kivi †KŠkj Av‡iv `ye©j n‡qwQj| †h Kvi‡Y nvRvi nvRvi wn›`y‡K gymjgvb‡ì nv‡Z gi‡Z n‡qwQj| 8 b‡f¤î 1949 mv‡j gnvgvb¨ Av`vjZ gnvZ¥v MvÜx‡K nZ¨vi Rb¨ bv_yivg MW‡m‡K duvwmi Av‡`k †`q| 15 b‡f¤î 1949 mv‡j Av¤^vjv †R‡j bv_yivg MW‡m Avi bvivqb Avc‡UÕi duvwm Kvh©Ki Kiv nq| MvÜx nZ¨v gvgjvq weòz ivgK…ò KviKv‡i, g`bjvj Kvwk¥ixjvj cvIqv, ksKi wKmZvBqv, †Mvcvj webv‡qK MW‡m, wWM¤î ivgP›`ª ev‡R, `ËUªq mv`vwke cvP©y‡i, M½vai `š—ve‡Z I M½vai hv`vIÕi hveZ Rxeb †Rj n‡qwQj| wKš‘ MvÜxRx nZ¨v gvgjvq webv‡qK Wv‡gvì mvfviKvi †invB cvb| cÖK…Z RbkÖ“wZ n‡jv, 17 Rvbyqvwi 1948 mv‡j exi mvfviKv‡ii m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z hvb bv_yivg MW‡m, bvivqb Avc‡U, ksKi wKmZvBqv I wWM¤î ivgP›`ª ev‡R| ksKi Avi wWM¤î evB‡i A‡c¶v K‡ib| bv_yivg Avi bvivqb‡K ZLb exi mvfviKvi e‡jwQ‡jb, Bqvkvmwf †nŠb Bqv (we mvK‡mmdzj G¨vÛ wiUvb©)| webv‡qK Wv‡gvì mvfviKvi n‡jb wn›`y gnvmfvi †bZv| aviYv Kiv nq, wZwbB gnvZ¥v MvÜx nZ¨v cwiKíbvi g~j †nvZv| whwb wePv‡i aiv †Qvqvi evB‡i _v‡Kb| 12 b‡f¤î 1964 mv‡j †Mvcvj MW‡m, g`bjvj cvIqv, weòz KviKv‡i †Rj †_‡K Qvov †c‡j fvi‡Zi cy‡b kn‡i GK Drme nq| IB Drm‡e mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib †Kkvwi cwÎKvi mv‡eK m¤úv`K ZLbKvi Zi“Y fviZ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K ej M½vai wZj‡Ki bvZx W±i wRwf †KUKvi| wZwb `vex K‡ib †h, evcyRx‡K nZ¨v Kivi wVK Qq gvm Av‡M bv_yivg MW‡m Zvi nZ¨v cwiKíbvi K_v webv‡qK Wv‡gvì mvfviKvi‡K Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb IB NUbv ï‡b Gi Pig we‡ivaxZv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GB Lei ZLb evjyKvKv KvwbZKvi‡K e‡jwQ‡jb| evjyKvKv KvwbZKvi GB Lei ZLb †ev‡¤î gyL¨gš¿x wewR †LiÕ‡K Rvbw‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvic‡iI †Kv‡bv eë¯’v †bIqv nqwb| 14 b‡f¤î IB NUbvi Lei BwÛqvb G·‡cÖ‡m Qvcv n‡j cywjk W±i wRwf †KUKvi‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| IB NUbv wb‡q ZLb gnvivóª weavbmfvq Ges w`j−xi

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gvi Kv‡Q w`‡q Av‡mv| jvB‡bi Abïv ZLb evievi †mbv‡ì Kv‡Q Aby‡iva KiwQ‡jb, IBUzKz ev”Pv‡K Avcbviv `qv K‡i nZ¨v Ki‡eb bv| GKRb †mbv ZLb †kL iv‡mj‡K †`vZjvi wmuwo †f‡O Dc‡i wb‡q hvq| wmwo‡Z e½eÜzi wb_i i³v³ †`n †`‡L wkï iv‡mj †mbv‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvBj, evevi Kx n‡q‡Q? iv‡m‡ji m‡½ _vKv †mbv m`‡mï ReveÑ †Zvgvi evev Kvj Nyg NygvB‡Q| †kL iv‡m‡ji cÖkœÑ Kvj Nyg Kx? †mbvwU Avev‡iv Reve w`j, c„w_exi me‡P‡q Aviv‡gi Nyg| †mbv m`m¨wU‡K †kL iv‡mj ùvZ †Kwj‡q nvm‡Z †`‡L ejj, bv, †Zvgiv evev‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Qv| †Zvgiv mevB Lywb| †Zvgiv ¸wj K‡i gvbyl Lyb K‡iv| †Zvgiv Lye Lvivc| Avgv‡K gv‡qi Kv‡Q wb‡q P‡jv| Avwg †Zvgv‡ì m‡½ _vKe bv| †mbv m`m¨wU †kL iv‡mj‡K e½eÜzi †kvevi N‡i †hLv‡b †eMg gywRe Avi †kL Rvgv‡ji jvk c‡iwQj †mLv‡b wb‡q †Mj| gv‡K i³v³ Ae¯’vq wb_i c‡i _vK‡Z †`‡L †kL iv‡mj wPrKvi K‡i DV‡jb| †Zvgiv gv‡KI ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Qv? †Zvgiv Rvwg fvBqv‡KI ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Qv? †Zvgiv mevB Lywb| †Zvgiv mevB wcPvk| †Zvgiv ¸wj K‡i gvbyl Lyb K‡iv| †Zvgiv c„w_exi me‡P‡q Lvivc gvbyl| †Zvgiv evev‡K Lyb K‡i‡Qv| †Zvgiv gv‡K Lyb K‡i‡Qv| †Zvgiv Rvwg fvBqv‡K Lyb K‡i‡Qv| GLb Kx †Zvgiv Avgv‡KI Lyb Ki‡e? wkï iv‡m‡ji cÖkœ ï‡b †mbv m`m¨wU Avev‡iv ùvZ †Kwj‡q nvm‡jv| iv‡mj ZLb mwZ¨B fq †cj| f‡q iv‡mj †d¬v‡i jyUv‡bv wb_i gv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i Kuv`‡Z jvM‡jv| Avi †Rvi Aby‡iva Ki‡Z jvM‡jv, Avgv‡K †Zvgiv †g‡iv bv| †`vnvB †Zvgv‡ì| Avgv‡K ïay cÖv‡Y euvP‡Z `vI| Avwg Avi wKQz PvB bv| ùvZ †Kwj‡q nvmïZ †mbvwU ZLb Av‡iv D”P¯^‡i †nv †nv K‡i †n‡m DV‡jv| †h‡bv †m cvMj n‡q †M‡Q| nvwm Qvov †m Avi wK”Qz †ev‡S bv| IB nvwmUv‡ZB me‡P‡q †ewk fq †c‡jv †QvÆ iv‡mj| iv‡mj IB †mbvwUi gy‡Li w`‡K Avi ZvKv‡Z cvi‡jv bv| iv‡mj wb_i gv‡qi AuvP‡ji wb‡P gyL Avovj Ki‡jv| Avi wPrKvi K‡i ej‡Z jvM‡jv, Avgv‡K †g‡iv bv| Avgv‡K †g‡iv bv| Avgv‡K †g‡iv bv| iv‡m‡ji wPrKv‡ii g‡a¨B †mbvwUi nv‡Z _vKv †gwkbMvb Avevi M‡R© DV‡jv| cÖvq m‡½ m‡½B wbðzc n‡q †Mj †QvÆ iv‡m‡ji wPrKvi| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM‡÷i mvgwiK Afy¨Ìv‡b dvi“K-ikx`-Wvwjg-byi Ms‡ì nv‡Z cÖvY nviv‡jv †gvU 24 Rb| e½eÜzi `yB Kb¨v †kL nvwmbv I †kL †invbv ZLb Rvg©vbx‡Z wQ‡jb| ZvB fvM¨ ¸‡b IB mvgwiK Afy¨Ìvb †_‡K Zuviv †eu‡P hvb| 15 AvM‡÷ wbnZiv n‡jbÑ ivóªcwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, e½eÜzi ¯¿x †eMg dwRjvZzb †bQv gywRe, e½eÜzi eo †Q‡j †kL Kvgvj, e½eÜzi †g‡Rv †Q‡j

†kL Rvgvj, e½eÜzi †QvU †Q‡j wkïcyÎ †kL iv‡mj, e½eÜzi †QvU fvB †kL bv‡mi, e½eÜzi fv‡Mœ Ave`yj−vn †kiwbqve‡Zi 9 eQ‡ii wkïcyÎ ïKvš— Ave`yj−vn evey, e½eÜzi fv‡Mœ †kL dRjyj nK gwb, †kL gwbÕi mš—vb m¤¢vev ¯¿x †eMg AviRy gwb, e½eÜzi †ev‡bi nvRe¨vÛ Ave`yi ie †kiwbqveZ, †kiwbqve‡Zi †g‡q †ewe †kiwbqveZ, †kiwbqve‡Zi wkïcyÎ 11 eQ‡ii Avwid †kiwbqveZ, †kiwbqve‡Zi †Q‡j knx` †kiwbqveZ, †kiwbqve‡Zi fv‡Mœ Avey bvCg Lvb wi›Uz, e½eÜzi wPd wbivcËv Awdmvi K‡b©j Rvgvj DÏxb Avn‡g`, 3 Rb AwZw_ I 4 Rb Kv‡Ri †jvK| †gvU 24 Rb IB w`b we¶yä †mbv‡ì ¸wj‡Z cÖvY nvivb| e½eÜ‡K Lyb Kivi ci K‡b©j dvi“‡Ki `jwU kvnev‡M evsjv‡`k RvZxq m¤cÖPvi †K‡›`ªi Awdm evsjv‡`k †eZv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| †mLv‡b evsjv‡`k †eZv‡i †gRi Wvwjg †NvlYv K‡ib, AvR mKv‡j avbgwÊi 32 b¤^‡ii evwo‡Z e½eÜz‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKQz¶‡Yi g‡a¨ bZzb ivóªcwZ RvZxi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvlY w`‡eb| cyivb XvKvq L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g`‡K e½eÜy‡K nZ¨vi Lei Rvbvq †mbviv| wKš‘ †mbv‡ì K_vq †gvkZvK cy‡ivcywi wbwðZ bv n‡q wb‡R‡K †cªwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡Z Pvbbv| †gvkZvK Zvici †mbv‡ì m‡½ mivmwi avbgwÊi 32 b¤^‡ii evwo‡Z Av‡mb| †mLv‡b †gvkZvK e½eÜzi jvk †`‡Lb| Zvici cy‡iv evwo Ny‡i Ab¨vb¨ jvk †`‡Lb| Zvici mivmwi kvnevM RvZxq m¤cÖPvi †K‡›`ª nvwRi nb we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q wbK…ó wek¦vmNvZK L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avng`| wKQz¶Y ci RvZxi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvl‡Y L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` wb‡R‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e †lvlYv †`b| e½fe‡b Lybx L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Msiv Gici †Mvcb êVK K‡ib| IB êVK †k‡l †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb‡K cyi¯‹vi ¯îƒc †mbv evwnbxi cÖavb Kiv nq| †gRi ˆmq` dvi“K ingvb‡K ZLb Abvivwi K‡b©j Kiv nq| e½eÜzi cÖavb Pvi mn‡hvMx cÖv³b cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng`, cÖv³b cÖavbgš¿x †gvnv¤§` gbmyi Avjx, cÖv³b Dc-ivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRi“j Bmjvg I cÖv³b ¯îvóªgš¿x GGBPGg Kvgi“¾vgvb‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡i †cÖiY Kiv nq| c‡i †MÖdZvi Kiv nq AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Ave`ym mvgv` AvRv`, †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`, W±i Kvgvj †nv‡mb mn A‡bK‡K| L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` †NvlYv K‡ib, GLb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq †k−vMvb n‡e ÔRq evsjvÕi cwie‡Z© Ôevsjv‡`k wR›`vev`Õ| Ôevsjv‡`k †eZv‡iiÕ cwie‡Z© Gi bvg n‡e Ô†iwWI evsjv‡`kÕ| 1975 mv‡ji 26 †m‡Þ¤î L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` ivóªcwZi ¶gZve‡j Bb‡WgwbwU Aa¨v‡`k Rvix K‡ib| Bb‡WgwbwU Aa¨v‡`‡k ejv nq, 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM‡÷i Afy¨Ìv‡b wbnZ †kL gywRe mn Ab¨vb¨ wbnZ‡ì R‡b¨ `vqx KvD‡K

wePv‡ii m¤§yLxb Kiv hv‡e bv| we¶yä †mbv m`m¨‡ì GLb †_‡K RvZxq ex‡ii gh©v`v †Ìqv n‡e| Bb‡WgwbwU Aa¨v‡`k n‡jv 1975 mv‡ji 50 b¤î Aa¨v‡`k| cieZ©x‡Z 1979 mv‡j wRqvDi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ n‡q msweav‡bi 5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Bb‡WgwbwU Aa¨v‡`k‡K AvB‡b cwibZ K‡ib| 1975 mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤î K‡b©j kvdvqvZ Rvwgj‡K m‡½ wb‡q †gRi †Rbv‡ij Lv‡j` †gvkviid L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avng‡ì miKvi‡K DrLvZ Kivi †Póv K‡ib| †mbvcÖavb †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb‡K ew›` K‡i weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij Lv‡j` †gvkviid wb‡R‡K †gRi †Rbv‡ij c‡` DbœxZ K‡i wb‡R‡K bZzb †mbvcÖavb wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| IB mg‡q Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di gv I fvB AvIqvgx jxM †bZv iv‡k` †gvkviid avbgwÊi 32 b¤^‡i e½eÜzi evwoi mvg‡b gywRe nZ¨vi wePv‡ii `vex‡Z wgwQj †ei K‡ib| †h Lei Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di Rvbv wQj bv| ZLb ¸Re Qov‡jv †h, weª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkviid BwÛqvb Avwg©i mnvqZv wb‡q †mbvcÖavb wRqv‡K ew›` K‡i‡Qb| Kvh©Z 1975 mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤î †_‡K 7 b‡f¤î ch©š— evsjv‡`‡k †Kv‡bv miKvi wQj bv| Lv‡j` †gvkviid ZLb mewKQz wbqš¿Y Kivi e¨_© †Póv K‡i‡Qb| †gvkZvK-dvi“K-ikx`-Wvwjg Msiv GB my‡hv‡M 3 b‡f¤î †RjLvbvq Pvi RvZxq †bZv cÖv³b cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng`, cÖv³b DcivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRi“j Bmjvg, cÖv³b cÖavbgš¿x †gvnv¤§` gbmyi Avjx I cÖv³b ¯îvóªgš¿x GGBPGg Kvgi“¾Avgvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i| Lv‡j` †gvkviid e½fe‡bi I †mbvwbev‡mi wbqš¿Y †bevi cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| ZLb wRqv‡K gy³ Ki‡Z Ges †mbv nZvn‡Zi SuywK Gov‡Z †mbvevwnbx †_‡K c`Z¨vM Kiv K‡b©j Avey Zv‡ni bb Kwgkb †mbv Awdmvi I mvaviY ˆmwbK‡ì †evSv‡Z m¶g nb †h, Awdmvi ˆmwbK mevB fvB fvB| K‡b©j Zv‡ni †mbvcÖavb Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di Kv‡Q wRqv‡K gy³ Kivi Aby‡iva Ki‡j Lv‡j` †gvkviid wRqv‡K gy³ †NvlYv K‡ib| wKš‘ 6 b‡f¤î 1975 mv‡j †mbvcÖavb Lv‡j` †gvkviid, K‡b©j bvRgyj û`v I K‡b©j GwUGg nvq`vi‡K wb‡q 10 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U cwi`k©‡b †M‡j †mLv‡b mvaviY †mbv‡ì GKwU c¶ hviv B‡Zvg‡a¨ wRqvi gyw³‡Z Dj−wmZ, Zviv †mbvcÖavb Lv‡j` †gvkviid, Zuvi `yBRb AbyMZ Awdmvi K‡b©j bvRgyj û`v I K‡b©j GwUGg nvq`vi‡K ew›` K‡ib| 7 b‡f¤î 1975 mv‡j mKvj 11 Uvq 2q wdì †iwR‡g›U AvwU©jvwii GKRb Awdmv‡ii wb‡`©‡k K‡b©j gwnDÏxb Avn‡g` I 10 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui K‡qKRb †mbv Awdmvi wg‡j †mbvcÖavb †gRi †Rbv‡ij Lv‡j` †gvkviid, K‡b©j bvRgyj û`v I K‡b©j GwUGg nvq`vi‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡ib| wRqv IB w`b Avevi †mbvcÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ †diZ cvb Ges mviv †`‡k Ri“ix Ae¯’v Rvix

K‡ib| wRqv Gici cÖavb wePvicwZ Avey mv`vZ †gvnv¤§` mv‡qg‡K ivóªcwZ I cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wn‡m‡e wbhy³ K‡ib| Avi wb‡R‡K Dc-cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| 26 b‡f¤î 1975 cwiw¯’wZ Av‡iv kvš— n‡q Avm‡j †mbvcÖavb wRqv wb‡R‡K cÖavb kvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| wePvicwZ Avey mv`vZ †gvnv¤§` mv‡qg ZLb wRqvi cyZzj ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| 21 GwcÖj 1977 mv‡j ivóªcwZ Avey mv`vZ †gvnv¤§` mv‡qg Amy¯’Zvi AhynvZ †`wL‡q ivóªcwZi c` †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib| Avm‡j †mbv evwnbxi mnqZvq †mbvcÖavb wRqvDi ingvb IB w`b ivóª ¶gZv cy‡ivcywi `Lj K‡i wb‡R‡K ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| e½eÜz‡K mcwiev‡i nZ¨v Kivi `yB eQi c‡i gy‡Lvk †Q‡o cÖKv‡k¨ †ewo‡q Av‡mb wkqv‡ji g‡Zv PZzi Avi cÖPÊ ¶gZv‡jvfx wRqv| e½eÜz‡K nZ¨vi ci me‡P‡q †ewk myweav cÖvß †jvKwU n‡jv wRqv| A_P AvR ch©š— e½eÜz nZ¨vi Rb¨ wRqvi †Kv‡bv wePvi ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y nqwb| wRqv wQj awi gvQ bv QzB cvwb UvB‡ci ayi›ì| e½eÜzi AvZ¥¯^xK…Z Lybx‡ì wRqv I Zvi `j mviv Rxeb mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| L›`Kvi †gvkZv‡Ki Rvix Kiv Bb‡WgwbwU Aa¨v‡`k‡K wZwb msweav‡bi cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g cvKv‡cv³ K‡i‡Qb| hv‡Z †KD Zv‡ì wei“‡× wePvi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| msweav‡b wZwb Ôwemwgj−vnÕ hy³ K‡i evsjv‡`k‡K GKwU †mKzjvi gymwjg ivóª evbv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Q‡b| e½eÜzi AvZ¥¯^xK…Z Lybx‡ì wZwb wewfbœ †`‡k G¤^vwmWi evwb‡q cyi¯‹…Z K‡i‡Qb| ïaygvÎ ¶gZvq wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ 1977 †_‡K 1981 mv‡ji g‡a¨ ¶gZv‡jvfx wRqv †mbvevwnbxi Af¨š—‡i 21 wU Kz¨ Ges cvëv Kz¨Õi Ahynv‡Z Aš—tZ 2500 †mbv Awdmvi Ges 3500 mvaviY ˆmwbK‡K †KvU© gvk©v‡ji wePv‡ii AvIZvq dvqvwis †¯‹vqv‡W ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb| e½eÜzi AvZ¥¯^xK…Z Lybxiv n‡jb, K‡b©j ˆmq` dvi“K ingvb, K‡b©j L›`Kvi Ave`yi ikx`, †j. K‡b©j eRjyj û`v, †j. K‡b©j myjZvb kvnwiqvi ikx` Lvb, †j. K‡b©j gywnDÏxb Avn‡g`, †j. K‡b©j GgGBPGgwe b~i †PŠayix, †j. K‡b©j AvwRR cvkv, †j. K‡b©j G‡KGg gwnDÏxb Avn‡g`, †gRi kidzj nK Wvwjg, †gRi Avn‡g` kidzj †nv‡mb, †gRi GGg iv‡k` †PŠayix, K¨v‡ßb wKmgZ nvwkg, K¨v‡ßb bvRgyj †nv‡mb Avbmvi, K¨v‡ßb Ave`yj gv‡R` I wimj`vi gym‡jDÏxb| e½eÜz nZ¨v gvgjvq Av`vj‡ì iv‡q GB 15 Rb‡K duvwm I 5 Rb‡K hveZRxeb Kviv`Ê cÖ`vb Kiv nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ K‡b©j ˆmq` dvi“K ingvb, †j. K‡b©j myjZvb kvnwiqvi ikx` Lvb, †j. K‡b©j gywnDÏxb Avn‡g`, †gRi eRjyj û`v I

†j. K‡b©j G‡KGg gwnDÏxb Avn‡g`‡K 28 Rvbyqvwi 2010 mv‡j XvKvi †K›`ªxq KvivMv‡i duvwm †Ìqv nq| Ab¨vb¨ Avmvgxiv GL‡bv wewfbœ †`‡k cjvZK wn‡m‡e i‡q‡Qb| K¨v‡ßb wKmgZ nvwkg, K¨v‡ßb bvRgyj †nv‡mb Avbmvi I †gRi Ave`yj gv‡R` KvbvWvq cvwj‡q †eov‡”Qb| K‡b©j Ave`yi ikx` wjweqv I cvwK¯— v‡b cvwj‡q †eov‡”Qb| †gRi AvwRR cvkv bvwK wR¤^vey‡q‡Z gviv †M‡Q! Avi evKxiv GL‡bv wjweqv, cvwK¯—vb, Pxb, hy³ivóª, KvbvWv I _vBj¨v‡Û cvwj‡q i‡q‡Qb e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡k e½eÜz nZ¨v cieZ©x ivRbxwZ‡K Kjw¼Z Kivi Rb¨ wRqv me‡P‡q †ewk `vqx| ¶gZvq wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ wRqv ivRbxwZ‡Z h‡Zv ai‡bi AcKg© i‡q‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvB eënvi K‡i‡Qb| e½eÜzi Lybx‡ì evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª`~Z evwb‡q we‡`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kwi‡q‡Qb| e½eÜzi AvZ¥¯^xK…Z Lybx‡ì hv‡Z †KD wePvi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †mR‡b¨ evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b Bb‡WgwbwU Aa¨v‡`k hy³ K‡i‡Qb| msweav‡b ag© wbi‡c¶ iv‡óªi g~j K_v‡K cwieZ©b K‡i Ôwemwgj−vnÕ hy³ K‡i evsjv‡`‡k‡K GKwU gymwjg ivóª wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡q‡Qb| msweav‡bi cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g wRqv 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ †_‡K 1979 mv‡ji 9 GwcÖj ch©š— evsjv‡`‡k msMwVZ me ai‡bi nZ¨v, Lyb, ¸g, jyÉb, Kz¨, lohš¿, ¶gZv `Lj mn me ai‡bi AcKg©‡K m¤ú~Y© êa †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| GB KvR¸‡jv c„w_ex‡Z Kxfv‡e êa nq? ivóªxqfv‡e IB mg‡q msMwVZ mKj ivR‰bwZK nZ¨v‡K êaZv w`‡q‡Qb wRqv| wRqv ÔevOvwjÕ RvZxqZvev‡ì cwie‡Z© Ôevsjv‡`‡kxÕ RvZxqZvev` Pvjy K‡i‡Qb| ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× cvwK¯—vb‡K mnvqZvKvix Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cvwU©‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z Avev‡iv ivRbxwZ Kivi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Qb wRqv| wZwb KzL¨vZ †Mvjvg AvRg‡K 1978 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m cvwK¯—vbx cvm‡cv‡U© A¯’vqxfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k G‡b ¯’vqxfv‡e _vKvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb 15 GwcÖj 1979 mv‡j RvgvqvZ †bZv I gyw³hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ we‡ivaxZvKvix kvn AvwRRyi ingvb‡K evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x evwb‡q‡Qb| 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP© †j. †Rbv‡ij û‡mBb gynv¤§` Gikv` ¶gZv `Lj Kiv ch©š— kvn AvwRR evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| kvn AvwRR‡K wb‡q wZwb evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j ev weGbwc MVb K‡i‡Qb 1 Rvbyqvwi 1978 mv‡j| 1979 mv‡ji 18 †deª“qvwi †jvK †`Lv‡bv wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g wRqv Zvi `j‡K weRqx †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi `j weGbwc ZLb msm‡` 207 wU Avmb cvq| Avi GB msm`B c‡i msweav‡bi cÂg ms‡kvabx wej cvk K‡i| wRqv †NvlYv K‡ib, AvB DBj †gBK cwjwU· wWwdKvë| gvwb BR bU G †cÖv‡e−g| KviY, ivRbxwZ‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ hv wKQz cÖ‡qvRb wRqv Zvi mewKQzB evsjv‡`‡k Avg`vwb K‡i‡Qb| Avi Zvi GB Kv‡R

†mŠw` Avie, wjweqv, cvwK¯—vb, Pxb, gvwK©b hy³ivóªmn †ek wKQz gymwjg †`k AKvZ‡i mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z me‡P‡q eo `yðwiÎ wn‡m‡e wRqv wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb| ag©‡K wRqv ivRbxwZi me‡P‡q eo nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi BwZnv‡m wRqv GKwU KjswKZ Aa¨vq| e½eÜz‡K nZ¨vi mKj cwiKíbvq wRqv †h †Mvc‡b RwoZ wQ‡jb Zv ax‡i ax‡i c„w_exevmxi Kv‡Q my¯úó n‡q c‡i| e½eÜzi Lybx‡ì mvnvh¨ mn‡hvMxZv Kiv, Lybx‡ì wePv‡ii c_ eÜ Kiv, ivóªxqfv‡e Zv‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZv Kiv, Ges e½eÜz nZ¨v cieZ©x wRqvi mKj Kvh©µg GUvB cÖgvY K‡i †h, wRqv e½eÜzi nZ¨vKvix‡ì GKRb kxl© mgš^qKvix, Ab¨Zg cwiKíbvKvix I g```vZv, Ab¨Zg c„ô‡cvlK Ges wb‡`©k`vZv| 15 AvM÷ e½eÜz nZ¨v ch©š— wRqv kvgy‡Ki †Lvj‡mi g‡a¨ jywK‡q wQ‡jb| c‡i my‡hvM ey‡S ax‡i ax‡i ¶gZv †K›`ªxf~Z Ki‡Z †ei n‡q Av‡mb| Zvi `j weGbwc GL‡bv e½eÜzi Lybx‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZv Ki‡Q, i¶v Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q, mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q Ges †Mvcb wgwUs Ki‡Q Kxfv‡e gnvgvb¨ Av`vj‡Zi ivq‡K cvk KvwU‡q Avev‡iv ¶gZvq hvIqv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z e½eÜzi Lybx‡ì bv‡gi ZvwjKvq wRqv‡K mivmwi Aš—©fy³ bv Kivi my‡hv‡M Zvi cÖwZwôZ `j weGbwc GL‡bv †mB myweav wb‡q evsjv‡`‡k †bvsiv ivRbxwZ PP©v Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| fwel¨‡Z †hw`b evsjv‡`‡ki me gvbyl ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm cvV K‡i wb‡R‡ì m‡PZb Ki‡Z cvi‡e, †mw`b weGbwcÕi ivRbxwZ evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z fvMv‡i cwibZ n‡e| Avi †mw`b evsjv‡`‡k gvbyl weGbwcÕi ivR‰bwZK gZv`k© Ges Zv‡ì jyUcvU, gvwb jÛvwis, nZ¨v, wbh©vZb, Lyb, ¸g, a‡g©i bv‡g ivRbxwZ, wg_¨v‡K mZ¨ evbv‡bvi ivRbxwZ‡K cy‡ivcywi wPwš’Z Ki‡Z cvi‡e| evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl hw` ivR‰bwZKfv‡e †miKg m‡PZb n‡Z e¨_© nq, Zvn‡j BwZnvmB weGbwc‡K GKw`b KvVMovq ùvo Kiv‡e| ZLb Avi wg_¨v‡K mZ¨ evbv‡bv hv‡e bv| wg_¨v wg_¨v wn‡m‡eB _vK‡e wPiw`b| evsjv‡`k‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ weGbwcÕi GKw`b Aek¨B wePvi n‡e| KviY BwZnvm KL‡bv wg_¨v e‡j bv| M. Bw›ìv MvÜx nZ¨vKvÊ 31 A‡±vei 1984 mvj| mKvj 10Uv| bqv w`j−xi 1 bs md`viRs †iv‡Wi cÖavbgš¿xi evmfeb †_‡K Bw›ìv MvÜx cv‡q †nu‡U DB‡KU †MU µm Ki‡jb| †mLv‡b ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb Zuvi wek¦¯’ `yB †`ni¶x kZeš— wms Avi †eqš— wms| Zv‡ì nv‡Z ¯^qswµq mve-†gwkbMvb| bg‡¯—Rx ejvi Av‡MB nVvr AvR Zv‡ì nv‡Zi ¯^sqswµq mve-†gwkbMvb M‡R© DV‡jv| †eqš— wms wZbevi eªvk dvqvi Ki‡jb|

kZeš— wms wZbevi eªvk dvqvi Ki‡jb| gvwU‡Z jywU‡q co‡jb fviZ gvZv cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx| cÖavbgš¿xi Ab¨vb¨ †`ni¶x‡ì Zvr¶wYK ZrciZvq ZLb †eqš— wms Avi kZeš— wms A¯¿ gvwU‡Z †i‡L AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡jb| Zv‡ì GKwU K‡¶ AvUK Kiv n‡jv| †mLv‡b †eqš— wms GKRb †`ni¶xi A¯¿ †K‡o †bevi †Póv Pvjv‡j Zvi ¸wj‡Z NUbv¯’‡jB †eqš— wms cÖvY nvivb| Bw›ìv MvÜx‡K Aj BwÛqv Bbw÷wUDU Ae †gwWK¨vj mv‡qÝ nvmcvZv‡j †bIqv n‡jv| c‡_B wZwb cÖvY nvivb| Zuvi kix‡i †gvU 19 wU ¸wj †j‡MwQj| wkK ag©¸i“ Rvb©vj wms wf›`ªbIqv‡ji †bZ…©‡Z¡ 1984 mv‡ji 3 Ryb †_‡K 6 Ryb ch©š— evwl©K ag©xq Drm‡e †hvM w`‡Z mviv fviZ †_‡K wkK m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvKRb I wkK‡mbviv cvÄv‡e wkK‡ì Zx_©¯’vb Ag„Z¤^‡ii ¯^b©gw›`‡i R‡ov n‡Z _v‡K| wkK †mbv‡ì `gb Ki‡Z fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx ZLb fviZxq †mbvevwnbx‡K Ag„Z¯^‡i ¯^b©gw›`‡i Awfhvb Pvjv‡Z wb‡`©k †`b| ÔAcv‡ikvb e−y ÷viÕ bv‡g fviZxq †mbvevwnbx ZLb Ag„Z¯^‡ii ¯^b©gw›`‡i ¯§iYKv‡ji fqvenZg bviKxq nZ¨vKvÊ Pvjvq| IB Acv‡ikv‡b miKvwi wn‡me Abyhvqx, 83 Rb fviZxq †mbv I 492 Rb wkK‡mbv wbnZ nq| cÖKZ … RbkÖ“wZ n‡jv, IB nvgjvq Kgc‡¶ 1500 Rb wbnZ n‡qwQj| wkK ag©¸i“ Rvb©vj wms wf›`ªbIqv‡j IB mgq wbnZ nb| Ag„Z¯î ¯^b©gw›`‡i wkK m¤cÖ`v‡qi Drm‡e IB bviKxq nvgjvi cÖwZev` ¯îƒc kZeš— wms I †eqš— wms hviv wKbv `xN©w`b a‡i Bw›ìv MvÜxi wek¦¯’ †`ni¶x, ZvivB fviZgvZv cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQ‡jb| 3 b‡f¤î 1984 mv‡j ivR Nv‡U kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜxÕi Aš—wówµqv AbywôZ nq| Bw›ìv MvÜx nZ¨v cwiKíbvi g~j bvqK †Knvi wms I kZeš— wms‡K cieZ©x‡Z fviZxq Av`vj‡Zi ivq Abyhvqx, 6 Rvbyqvwi 1989 mv‡j wZnvi †R‡j duvwm †Ìqv nq| 1984 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m Ag„Z¯î ¯^b©gw›`‡i fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi Awfhv‡bi ci †_‡K wkK m¤cÖ`v‡qi Dci mviv fvi‡Z nvgjv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| 31 A‡±vei Bw›ìv MvÜx wbnZ n‡j cieZ©x 4 w`b †MvUv fvi‡Z P‡j Ks‡MÖm cvwU©i †jvK‡ì nv‡Z wkK wbabhÁ| IB mgq Ks‡MÖm cvwU©i †jvKRb †fvUvi wj÷ †`‡L †`‡L wkK m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvK‡ì Dci nZ¨v I jyÉb hÁ Pvwj‡qwQj| miKvwi wn‡m‡e, IB wkK wbab `v½vq cÖvq 2700 †jvK cÖvY nvivq| wewfbœ msev`cÎ I gvbevwaKvi msMV‡bi wn‡me Abyhvqx, wkK wbab IB `v½vq Aš—tZ 10 nvRvi †_‡K 17 nvRvi wkK wbnZ n‡qwQj Ges cÖvq 50 nvRvi wkK evwoNi †Q‡o cÖvY euvPv‡Z w`j−xi evB‡i P‡j wM‡qwQj| Ks‡MÖm cvwU©i †jvKRb ZLb †fvUvi wj÷ a‡i wkK‡ì evwoNi, eëmv cÖwZôvb Lyu‡R †ei K‡iwQj Ges nZ¨v, jyÉb I aŸsmhÁ Pvwj‡qwQj|

N. ivRxe MvÜx nZ¨vKvÊ 21 †g 1991 mvj| Zvwgjbvo–i †PbœvB kni †_‡K 30 gvBj `~‡i kªx‡ciygey`yi| †jvKmfvi wbe©vPbx Rbmfvq fvlY †èvi R‡b¨ kªx‡ciygey`y‡i hv‡eb ivRxe MvÜx| Ab¨vb¨ wbe©vPbx Rbmfvq fvlY w`‡q kªx‡ciygey`y‡i †cuŠQv‡Z ivZ `kUv evR‡jv| mevB ZLb DrmegyLi Rbmfvq ivRxe MvÜx‡K dz‡ji ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡”Qb| ivZ 10:10 wgwbU| dzj nv‡Z ivRxe MvÜx‡K cÖYvg Ki‡jb GK gwnjv| gwnjvi bvg Zvbg~jx ivRviZbg| Zvbg~jx cÖYvg †kl K‡i ivRxe MvÜxi nv‡Z dzj †Ìqvi gyn~‡Z©B NU‡jv Awek¦vm¨ †mB we‡ùviY| Zvbg~jxi †Kvg‡i evav wQj 700 MÖvg IR‡bi AviwWG· ¯^qswµq UvBg †evgv| `~i wbqwš¿Z wi‡gv‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ †KD †evgvwUi we‡ùviY NwU‡q‡Q| Z‡Zv¶‡Y Rbvmfv ¯’j gvby‡li i³ Avi kix‡ii wewfbœ A½ cÖZ¨‡½i wQbœ wfbœ UzKivq jÊfÊ| IB mš¿vmx nvgjvq NUbv¯’‡j Aš—tZ 26 Rb cÖvY nvwi‡qwQj| kªxjsKvq jsKvb †mbvevwnbxi m‡½ we‡`ªvnx Zvwgj UvBMvi‡ì M„nhy×‡K Rã Ki‡Z 1987 mv‡ji 29 RyjvB fviZ kªxjsKv GKwU Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡iwQj| IB Pzw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡ib kªxjsKvb †cÖwm‡W›U †RAvi Rqea©‡b Ges fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x ivRxe MvÜx| Pzw³ Abyhvqx, wjev‡ikvb UvBMvi Ae Zvwgj G‡jg ev we‡`ªvnx Zvwgj UvBMvi‡ì `g‡b kªxjsKvb †mbvevwnbx‡K mnvqZv Ki‡e fviZxq †mbvevwnbx| ZLb Zvwgj UvBMvi‡ì `gb Ki‡Z kªxjsKvq cÖvq 80 nvRvi fviZxq ˆmb¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i| kªxjsKvb †mbvevwnbx‡K m‡½ wb‡q fviZxq †mbvevwnbx Zvwgj UvBMvi‡ì Dci nvgjv Pvjv‡Z Rvdbv Øx‡c Avµgb ïi“ K‡i| 1987 mvj †_‡K 1990 mvj ch©š— `yB †`‡ki †hŠ_ †mbvevwnbxi nvgjvq miKvwi wn‡m‡e, Aš—tZ 1200 Zvwgj UvBMvi wbnZ nq| Zvwgj UvBMvi‡ì wn‡me Abyhvqx, wbnZ Zvwgj‡ì msL¨v cÖvq 8 nvRvi †_‡K 11 nvRvi| Zvwgj UvBMviiv ZLb Rvdbv Øx‡c A‡bK `ye©j n‡q c‡i| IB mgq Zvwgj UvBMvi MÖ“c fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x ivRxe MvÜx‡K nZ¨v Kivi cwiKíbv MÖnb K‡i| kªxjsKvi cÖavbgš¿x ivbvwms‡N †cÖgv`vmv kªxjsKv fviZ Pzw³i we‡ivax wQ‡jb; wKš‘ †cÖwm‡W›U Rywbqvm wi‡PvW© Rqea©‡bi Pv‡c Zv †kl ch©š— †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Rvbyqvwi 1989 mv‡ji kªxjsKvi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b weRqx n‡q ivbvwms‡N †cÖgv`vmv †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ n‡j wZb gv‡mi g‡a¨ wZwb fviZxq †mbvevwnbx‡K kªxsjsKv Qvovi wb‡`©k †`b| Iw`‡K fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x ivRxe MvÜxÕi wei“‡× †ev‡dvm© †K‡jsKvix duvm n‡j 1989 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b Ks‡MÖm cvwU©i fivWywe N‡U| fviZxq RbZv cvwU© I evgd«›U `j¸‡jvi mnvqZvq mvaviY msL¨vMwiôZv wb‡q 2 wWm‡¤î 1989 mv‡j miKvi MVb K‡ib wek¦bv_ cÖZvc wms| whwb Gi Av‡M ivRxe MvÜxÕi A_© I

cÖwZi¶v gš¿xi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| RbkÖ“wZ wQj, myBwWm A¯¿ ˆZwi cÖwZôvb †ev‡dvm© Gwe fvi‡Z 155 GgGg wdì nvDURvi mieivn KvR cvevi R‡b¨ ivRxe MvÜx‡K 400 wgwjqb i“wc Nyl w`‡qwQj| cÖwZi¶v gš¿x wf.wc. wms †Zgb GKwU ¸R‡ei K_v BwÛqvb G·‡cÖ‡mi mvsevw`K wPÎv ïåvgvwbqvg I wn›`y cwÎKvi Gb iv‡gi Kv‡Q ¯^xKvi K‡ib| IB NUbvq ivZvivwZ ivRxe MvÜxi RbwcÖqZv n«vm cvq Ges wf.wc. wms fviZxq‡ì Kv‡Q bvqK wn‡m‡e Avwef©yZ nb| wf.wc. wms-Gi miKvi gvÎ GK eQi wU‡KwQj| †jvKmfvq msL¨v MwiôZv †`Lv‡Z bv †c‡i 10 b‡f¤î 1990 mv‡j wf.wc. wms miKv‡ii cZb N‡U| we‡ivax `j ivRxe MvÜxÕi Ks‡MÖ‡mi mg_©Y wb‡q ZLb P›`ª †kLi RbZv `j †Q‡o mgvRev`x RbZv `j MVb K‡i miKvi MVb K‡ib| P›`ª †kL‡ii miKvi 10 b‡f¤î 1990 mvj †_‡K 21 Ryb 1991 mvj ch©š— ¶gZvq wQ‡jb| Ks‡MÖmi m‡½ gZ‰ØZZvi Kvi‡Y 6 gvP© 1991 mv‡j Ks‡MÖm mg_©b Zz‡j wb‡j P›`ª †kL‡ii miKv‡iiI cZb N‡U| Aš—©eZ©xKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e P›`ª †kL‡ii Aax‡b ZLb mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| Zvbg~jx ivRviZbg wQ‡jb Zvwgj UvBMvi‡ì myBmvBWvj †¯‹vqv‡Wi GKRb m`m¨| ivRviZbg †Kv_vI Mv‡qvÎx †Kv_vIev avby bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| 1991 mv‡ji †jvKmfv wbe©vP‡bi mgq GKwU ¸Re wQj †h, Zvwgjbvo–‡Z ivRxe MvÜx †M‡j Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡Z cv‡i| Zvwgjbvo–i Mf©bi fxg bvivqb wms Awdwmqvj †cÖv‡UvKj †f‡½ `yBevi ivRxe MvÜx‡K IB NUbv Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zvwgj Aay¨wlZ Zvwgjbvo–‡Z ivRxe MvÜxi R‡b¨ g„Zz¨ ûgwK n‡Z cv‡i| Gi Av‡M 5 I 14 gvP© 1991 mv‡j Zvwgj UvBMvi‡ì `yÕwU cÖwZwbwa`j w`j−x‡Z ivRxe MvÜxi m‡½ êVK K‡ib| IB êV‡Ki Dci Av¯’v †i‡L g„Zzï fq‡K c‡ivqv bv K‡i ivRxe MvÜx Zvwgjbvo–‡Z †jvKmfv wbe©vP‡bi K¨v‡¤úBb Ki‡Z hvb| 7 eQi c‡i 1998 mv‡j fviZxq Av`vjZ ivRxe MvÜx nZ¨v gvgjvq 26 Rb‡K †`vlx mvev¯’ K‡ib| fviZxq mywcÖg †KvU© hv‡ì g‡a¨ gvÎ 4 Rb‡K g„Zz¨`Ê cÖ`vb K‡ib| g„Z¨z `Ê cÖvß Avmvgxiv n‡jb kªxjsKvi wew”QbœZvev`x msMVb wjev‡ikb UvBMvim Ae Zvwgj Bj‡gi (GjwUwUAvB) m`m¨ gyi“Mvb, mvb_vb I †civwifvjvbv Ges GjwUwUAvBÕi m`m¨ fviZxq bvix bwjbx kªxniY| Gi g‡a¨ fviZxq bvix bwjbx kªxni‡Yi kvw¯— Kwg‡q fviZxq mywcÖg †KvU© 1999 mv‡j Zv‡K hve¾xeb Kviv`Ê cÖ`vb K‡ib| aviYv Kiv nq †h, wjev‡ikvb UvBMvim Ae Zvwgj Bjg ev GjwUwUAvB-i cÖavb cÖfvKiY n‡jb ivRxe MvÜx‡K nZ¨v Kivi g~j cwiKíbvKvix|

25. Acv‡ikvb mvP© jvBU AvR ïµevi| AvR Zviveywbqvi nvU| MZKvj QzwU‡Z evwo G‡m‡Q BDbym| ZvB AvR nv‡U A‡bK wKQz †Kbvi Av‡Q| `ycy‡i Lvevi mgq BDbym Rvb‡Z PvB‡jvÑ gv, †Zvgvi wKQz jvM‡e bvKx? Avwg ïay †n‡m ejjvg, Avgvi cvb jvM‡e| Avi GKUz kv`v R`©v| Rev‡e BDbym †n‡m w`‡q ejj, Zzwg GL‡bv R`©v Qvo‡Z cvijv bv, gv| R`©v kix‡ii R‡b¨ Lye Lvivc| BDby‡mi †Q‡j iwb GKMvj nvwm †g‡i ejj, Zzwg wPš—v Ki bv, `v`x| AveŸy bv Avb‡jI Avwg †Zvgvi R‡b¨ R`©v wb‡q Avm‡ev| Iiv nv‡U hvevi ci Avwg Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi Ly‡j co‡Z ewm| Ckvb wj‡L‡Q Acv‡ikvb mvP©jvBU| Avwg Rvwb bv mvP©jvBU Kx? Zey Ckvb wj‡L‡Q ZvB Avwg IUv co‡Z ïi“ Kijvg| 22 †deª“qvwi 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯—vb Avwg©i 14 wWwfk‡bi wRIwm †gRi †Rbv‡ij Lvw`g †nvmvBb ivRv I †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx cvwK¯—vb wPd Ae Avwg© ÷v‡di Kv‡Q Acv‡ikvb mvP© jvB‡Ui Lmov DÌvcb K‡ib| cvwK¯—v‡bi †Kv‡qÆv †_‡K 16 Bb‡dw›Uª wWwfkvb I Lvwoqvb †_‡K 9 wWwfkvb‡K c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b gyf Kiv‡bv n‡jv| cvwK¯—v‡bi †h mKj †mbv Awdmvi Acv‡ikvb mvP© jvB‡Ui cwiKíbvq wØgZ †cvlY K‡ib Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †Ìqv n‡jv| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©bi I wRIwm †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij kvnevR BqvKze Lvb I fvBm GWwgivj ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` Gnmvb‡K Zuv‡ì `vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †Ìqv n‡jv| †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb‡K c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi bZzb Mf©bi I wRIwm Kiv n‡jv| 17 gvP© †Rbv‡ij nvwg` †Uwj‡dv‡b †Rbv‡ij ivRv‡K Acv‡ikvb A_wiwU cÖ`vb K‡ib| 18 gvP© mKv‡j XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U †Rbv‡ij ivRv I †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx Acv‡ikvb cwiKíbvi Lmov P~ovš— K‡ib| jvBU e−y Awdwmqvj c¨v‡W †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx 16 c¨vivq 5 c„ôvi cwiKíbv wjL‡jb| ivI digvb Avjx wjwLZ cwiKíbvi Ae‡R±wUf¸‡jv wQj wbgœiƒcÑ 1. Impose curfew at 0110 hrs and close telephone/telegraph/radio station and shut all presses down 2. Seal off the city by taking over road, rail and river communication and patrol river 3. Arrest Sheikh Mujib and 15 top Awami League leaders during operation

4. Conduct house to house search in Dhanmondi and Hindu areas 5. Subdue Dhaka University, EPR HQ and Rajarbagh police line, disarm 2nd and 10th EBR 6. Take over and protect Ammunition factory at Gazipur and Arms depot at Rajendrapur. ivI digvb Avjx wjwLZ cwiKíbvi mvgwiK w`K wQj wbgœiƒcÑ Pakistani plan of action for Dhaka, as drawn up by Maj. Gen. Farman, was: 1. 13th Frontier Force to stay in cantonment as reserve and provide security 2. 43rd Light Ack Ack regiment was to secure Tejgaon airport 3. 22nd Baluch regiment would disarm the EPR and seize wireless at Pilkhana EPR HQ 4. 32nd Punjab was to neutralize Rajarbag Police line 5. 18th Punjab was to fan out and secure Nawabpur and old Dhaka 6. 31st Field was to secure Second capital, Mohammadpur and Mirpur 7. A platoon from 3 SSG was to capture Sheikh Mujib 8. 22nd Baluch and 32nd Punjab was to neutralize Dhaka University “rebels” 9. 22 Baluch would be reinforced at Pilkhana cwiKíbv mdj Kivi R‡b¨ †h mKj c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e †m¸‡jv wQj wbgœiƒcÑ 1. Operation to be launched simultaneously all across East Pakistan. 2. Maximum number of political and student leaders, and those among cultural organizations and teaching staff to be arrested. 3. Operation must achieve 100% success in Dhaka. Dhaka University would be occupied and searched.

4. Free and greater use of fire authorised for securing cantonments. 5. All internal and international communications to be cut off, including telephone, television, radio and telegraph. 6. All East Pakistani (Bengali) troops to be neutralised by seizing weapons and ammunition. 7. To deceive the Awami League, President Yahia Khan to pretend to continue dialogue, even if Mr. Bhutto disagrees, and to agree to Awami League demands. †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx Acv‡ikv‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ _vK‡eb Ges †Rbv‡ij Lvw`g mKj weª‡M‡W †¯úkvj Uv‡·i Lei †cuŠ‡Q †`‡eb| Acv‡ikvb ïi“i Av‡M mKj evOvwj Awdmvi I ˆmb¨‡ì‡K wbi¯¿ Kiv n‡e Ges BwgwW‡qU nZ¨v Kiv n‡e| Avi †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi m‡½ wgwUs‡qi mgq †kL gywRe‡KI †MÖdZvi Kiv n‡e| 20 gvP© d¬vM ÷vd nvD‡R †Rbv‡ij nvwg` I †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb nv‡Z †jLv cwiKíbv Avevi wiwfD K‡ib| ZLb †Rbv‡ij nvwg` evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì BwgwW‡qU Lyb Kivq AvcwË Rvbv‡jb| Z‡e wbi¯¿ Kivi c‡¶ mvq w`‡jb| c‡i †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb IB bxj bKkvq GKwU cwieZ©b Avb‡jb| wgwUs‡qi mgq †kL gywRe‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv hv‡e bv| †MÖdZvi Ki‡Z n‡e Acv‡ikvb ïi“i wVK AvM-gyn~‡Z©| dvBbvj bKkv mKj weª‡MW I cvK †mbv‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv n‡jv| XvKvq 57 Bb‡dw›Uª wWwfkv‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ weª‡MwWqvi RvnvbRve Avieve, Kzwgj−vq 53 Bb‡dw›Uª wWwfkv‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ weª‡MwWqvi BKevj kvwd, iscy‡i 23 Bb‡dw›Uª wWwfkv‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ weª‡MwWqvi Ave`yj−vn Lvb gvwjK Ges h‡kv‡i 107 Bb‡dw›Uª wWwfkv‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ weª‡MwWqvi GAvi Wyivwb‡K †Ìqv n‡jv| ïaygvÎ PÆMÖvg AÂ‡ji `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv n‡jv GKRb evOvwj Awdmv‡ii Dci| hv‡Z †Kv‡bv iKg Z_¨ duvm bv nq †mR‡b¨| weª‡MwWqvi GgGBP gRyg`vi‡K †Ìqv n‡jv PÆMÖv‡gi `vwqZ¡| 20 wU Gd-86 †RU wegvb, 3 wU wU-33 hy× wegvb, 4 wU wgj wg-8, 4 wU Gj−yU-3 †nwjKÞvi Ges 1 wU wm-130 nviwKDwjm wegvb cvwK¯—vb †_‡K XvKvq Avbv n‡jv| wiqvi GWwgivj †gvnv¤§` kixd‡K c~e© cvwK¯—vb †bŠevwnbxi `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv n‡jv| PviwU Mvb‡evU cvVv‡bv n‡jv ivRkvnx, h‡kvi, Kzwgj−v I wm‡jU AÂj‡K

mv‡cvU© †Ìqvi R‡b¨| AwZiw³ mvnv‡hï R‡b¨ ivLv n‡jv GKwU †c‡Uªvj‡evU evjvNvU I †WmUªqvi wcGbGm Rvnv½xi| Acv‡ikvb ïi“i ci cvwK¯—vb †_‡K evowZ mvnv‡hï cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Avm‡e †WmUªqvi wcGbGm evei| 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx‡Z gvÎ 6wU evOvwj †iwR‡g›U wQj| 1 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U ZLb h‡kv‡i 107 bs weª‡M‡Ui Aax‡b| 2 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U ZLb Rq‡ècy‡i, XvKvi 57 bs weª‡M‡Wi Aax‡b| 3 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U ZLb ˆmq`cy‡i, iscy‡ii 23 bs weª‡M‡Wi Aax‡b| 4 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U ZLb Kzwgj−vq 53 bs weª‡M‡Wi Aax‡b| 8 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U ZLb PÆMÖv‡g, cvwK¯—v‡b †Uªwbs‡q hvevi R‡b¨ wkc‡g›U Ae¯’vq| GwU PÆMÖvg AÂ‡ji cÖvq 75 fvM Avwg© kw³ Kfvi K‡i, hv IB mgq cvwK¯—v‡b wkcU nw”Q‡jv| PÆMÖv‡gi B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U †m›Uv‡ii 2000 Rb evOvwj ˆmb¨ Ges bZzb cÖwZwôZ 9g I 10g B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui ˆmbïv ZLb XvKvi 14 wWwfkv‡bi Aax‡b cÖwk¶YiZ| evOvwj †mbv Awdmviiv ZLb †Kej 1 bs, 2 bs I 10 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui KgvwÛs‡qi `vwq‡Z¡| evKx 3wU B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui KgvwÛs‡qi `vwq‡Z¡ cvK †mbv AwdmviMY| cvwK¯—v‡bi c¨viv wgwjUvwi B÷ cvwK¯—vb ivB‡dj‡m ZLb 15000 evOvwj ˆmb¨| Zv‡ì‡K 17 wU Acv‡ikbvj DBs‡q 7 †m±‡i 150 Rb K‡i fvM Kiv n‡jv| GK GKwU DBs‡q Avevi 3 †_‡K 6 wU †Kv¤úvwb BDwbU| GK GKwU †Kv¤úvwb‡Z Avevi 15 †_‡K 20 Rb K‡i evOvwj ˆmb¨‡K fvM Kiv n‡jv| Avevi GK GKwU c−vUz‡b fvM Kiv n‡jv 20 †_‡K 35 Rb evOvwj ˆmb¨| Zv‡ì mevB‡K eW©v‡ii K¨v¤ú¸‡jv‡Z †cvw÷s †Ìqv n‡jv| 2500 Rb BwcAvi ˆmb¨‡K ZLb XvKvq BwcAvi mì `dZ‡i e`wj Kiv n‡jv| hv‡ì mevB cvwK¯—vbx| 24 I 25 gvP© cvK †mbvevwnbxi wmwbqi †Rbv‡ijiv †nwjKÞv‡i K‡i mKj wWwfkb, weª‡MW I M¨vwimb wfwRU Ki‡jb Ges cvK Awdmvi‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k w`‡jb| †Rbv‡ij nvwg`, †KvqvU©vi gv÷vi †Rbv‡ij †Rbv‡ij wgÌ¨, wcwÝcvj ÷vd Awdmvi K‡b©j mv`Dj−vn wg‡j mKj M¨vwimb KgvÛvi‡ì wfwRU Ki‡jb| †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx †M‡jb h‡kvi wfwR‡U, †Rbv‡ij Lvw`g †M‡jb Kzwgj−v I PÆMÖv‡g, weª‡MwWqvi Bj Bìvm I K‡b©j mv`Dj−vn †M‡jb iscyi wfwR‡U| mKj cvK Avwg© Awdmvi‡ì Zviv bKkvi cwiKíbv eywS‡q w`‡jb| XvKvq cvK †mbv‡ì Lv`¨ mvc−vB wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvwK¯—vb †_‡K XvKvq Avm‡jb †gRi †Rbv‡ij Kvgvi Avjx wgR©v I weª‡MwWqvi n¨vwimb| XvKvi A`~‡i iv‡R›`ªcy‡i wegvb †hv‡M wecyj cwigv‡Y A¯¿ I †Mvjvevi“` bvgv‡bv n‡jv| 9000 Ub †Mvjvevi“` I A¯¿ wb‡q PÆMÖvg e›`‡i wfo‡jv Ggwf ¯^vZ| cvwK¯—vb Gqvi

jvB‡Ý kv`v †cvlv‡K cÖPzi cwigvY cvK †mbv XvKvq Avm‡jv| AwZwi³ 13 GdGd I 22 evjyP ZLb XvKvq Avm‡jv| 25 gv‡P©i g‡a¨ cvK †mbvevwnbx Gfv‡e wb‡R‡ì mKj Kg©KvÊ ¸wQ‡q wb‡jv| weª‡MwWqvi GgGBP gRyg`vi evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì Dci nvgjv Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡j 24 gvP© Zuv‡K Rq‡ècy‡i 2 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›U e`wj Kiv n‡jv| Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ Kiv n‡jv weª‡MwWqvi GgGBP Avbmvix‡K, whwb GKRb cvK †mbv Awdmvi| 22 gvP© XvKvi 57 bs weª‡MU †gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid‡K Kzwgj−vi 4 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›U UzAvBwm K‡i e`wj Kiv nq| 23 gvP© 2 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui wmI †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j gvmy` nvmvb‡K AcmviY Kiv nq| Zuvi ¯’jvwfwl³ Kiv nq †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j ivwKeDÏxb‡K, whwb GKRb cvK Avwg© Awdmvi| mKj †iwR‡g‡›U cvK Avwg© Awdmvi‡ì KgvwÛs `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq| evOvwj Awdmvi‡ì cvwK¯—v‡b e`wj Kiv nq| A‡bK evOvwj mvaviY ˆmb¨‡K QzwU‡Z evwo‡Z cvVv‡bv nq| mKj B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U‡K GKkvb c−v‡bi evB‡i `vwq‡Z¡ ivLv nq| Avi Gme LeivLei evOvwj‡ì ARv‡š— Kiv nq Lye mveav‡b| hv‡Z evOvwj Awdmvi ev ˆmbïv wKQzB eyS‡Z bv cv‡i| 25 gv‡P©i mÜ¨vi g‡a¨ cvK †mbv‡ì GB ai‡bi mKj cÖ¯‘wZ m¤úbœ nq| 25 gvP© ivZ 12 Uv 1 wgwb‡U Acv‡ikvb mvP© jvBU ïi“ nq| XvKvq KgvwÛs‡qi `vwq‡Z¡ iB‡jb ¯^qs †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx| wZwb Acv‡ikvb mvK‡mm Ki‡Z wKQz Ri“ix c`‡¶c MÖnb Ki‡jb| ivZ 11 Uvq mviv †`‡k Kvd©y¨ Rvix Ki‡jb| mKj †Uwj‡dvb jvBb †K‡U w`‡jb| mKj †iwWI †÷kvb eÜ K‡i w`‡jb| mKj cwÎKv Awdm eÜ K‡i w`‡jb| XvKv †_‡K moKc_ †ijc_ I †bŠc_ eÜ K‡i w`‡jb| ivZ 12 Uvq e½eÜz †kL gywRe mn 15 Rb Uc AvIqvgx jxM †bZv‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡jb| XvKvi avbgwÊ I wn›`y cÖavb GjvKvq evwo evwo Zj−vwm Awfhvb ïi“ Ki‡jb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, wcjLvbv BwcAvi †nW †KvqvU©vi, ivRvievM cywjk jvBb I XvKvi 2 bs I 10 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui mKj evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì wbi¯¿ Kiv n‡jv| MvRxcy‡ii A¯¿ KviLvbv wbqš¿‡Y wb‡jb Ges mKj †Mvjv evi“` iv‡R›`ªcy‡i wkcU Kiv‡jb| XvKvq 14 wWwfkv‡bi mì `dZi, 57 bs weª‡MU, 18 I 32 bs cvÄve †iwR‡g›U (†bZ…©Z¡ †`b †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j ZvR), 13 d«bwUqvi †dvm© †iwR‡g›U (†bZ…©Z¡ †`b †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j Rvwn` nvmvb), 43 bs jvBU G¨vK G¨vK †iwR‡g›U (†bZ…©Z¡ †`b †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j mvdvqvZ Avjx), 3 bs Kgv‡Ûv e¨vUvwjqb (†bZ…©Z¡ †`b †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j †RWG Lvb), 19 wmMb¨vj †iwR‡g›U (†bZ…©Z¡ †`b †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j Bd‡ZLvi ûmvBb) Ges 149 bs Bb‡dw›Uª IqvK©kc XvKvi µvK WvD‡b

AskMÖnb K‡i| cvwK¯—vb Gqvi †dvm©‡K †ZRMuvI wegvb e›`‡i m‡e©v”P mZK© Ae¯’vq ivLv nq| GQvov 14 wU Gg-24 P¨vwd U¨vsK wb‡q 29 K¨vfviwj †iwR‡g›U‡K XvKvi †¯‹vqvWªb m`‡i cÖ¯‘Z ivLv nq| GQvov XvKvq 57 bs weª‡M‡Wi I 14 wWwfwkv‡bi mKj BwÄwbqvwis, mvc−vB I †gwW‡Kj BDwbU‡K m‡e©v”P mZK© Ae¯’vq cÖ¯‘Z ivLv nq| XvKvq †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx †hfv‡e µvK WvD‡bi †bZ…©Z¡ †`b †mB wPÎ KvM‡R †jLv m¤¢e bq| Zey cvK †Rbv‡i‡ji cvwiKíbv †hfv‡e KvR Ki‡jv †m¸‡jv GLv‡b ejvi †Póv KiwQÑ K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui wmwKDwiwU i¶v wiRvf© †dvm© wn‡m‡e 13 bs d«w›Uqvi †dvm©‡K K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U ivLv n‡jv| 43 bs jvBU G¨vK G¨vK †iwR‡g›U‡K ivLv n‡jv †ZRMuvI Gqvi †cv‡U©| 22 bs †ejyP †iwR‡g›U‡K cvVv‡bv n‡jv wcjLvbvq BwcAvi evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì wbi¯¿ I AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv‡bvi R‡b¨, hv‡Z Zviv `ª“Z Iqvi‡j‡mi wbqš¿Y wb‡Z cv‡i| 32 bs cvÄve †iwR‡g›U‡K cvVv‡bv n‡jv ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b evOvwj cywjk‡ì wbi¯¿ I AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv‡bvi R‡b¨| 18 bs cvÄve †iwR‡g›U‡K cvVv‡bv n‡jv cyivb XvKv I bIqvecy‡ii wbqš¿Y †bIqvi R‡b¨| 31 bs wdì †dvm©‡ì cvVv‡bv n‡jv †gvnv¤§`cyi I wgicy‡ii wbqš¿Y †bIqvi R‡b¨| 3 bs GmwRwR e¨vUvwjq‡bi GK c−vUzb ˆmb¨ cvVv‡bv n‡jv avbgwÊ †kL gywRe‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡Z| 22 bs †ejyP †iwR‡g›U I 32 bs cvÄve †iwR‡g›U XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvi wbqš¿Y wb‡jv| c‡i 22 bs †ejyP †iwR‡g›U wcjLvbvi wbqš¿Y wb‡jv| gvÎ 6 NÈvq †MvUv XvKvi wbqš¿Y †bIqvi R‡b¨ †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx cvK †mbv‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡jb| 10 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U‡K mn‡RB cvK †mbviv wbi¯¿ Ki‡jb| 31 bs wdì †dvm© mn‡RB †gvnv¤§`cyi I wgicy‡ii wbqš¿Y wb‡jv| †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j †RWG Lvb I †gRi †ejv‡ji Kgv‡Ûv `j mn‡RB †kL gywRe‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jv| †gRi †ejv‡ji Kgv‡Ûv `j †NvlYv w`‡jb †h, `¨ weM evW© n¨vR web K¨vMW| K‡gvWi †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡m‡bi g„Zz¨ msev` D`©y‡Z cÖPvi Kiv n‡jv| cvK wgwjUvwiiv ZLb ZvRDÏxb I fyuBTv‡K LyuR‡Z jvM‡jb| Zviv †NvlYv w`‡jb, Kv‡jv cZvKv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv bvwg‡q †dj‡Z| hviv GB wb‡`©k Agvb¨ Ki‡eb Zv‡ì evwo R¡vwj‡q †Ìqvi ûgwK w`‡jb| 22 bs †ejyP †iwR‡g›U wcjLvbvi evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì cÖwZ‡iva wbqš¿‡Y wb‡jv mviv ivZ gy‡LvgywL ¸wj wewbg‡qi ci| 18 bs I 32 bs cvÄve †iwR‡g›U XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKvq AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbi¯¿ †¯^”Qv‡meK I †bZvKg©x Ges QvÎ‡ì MYnv‡i ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Ki‡jv| Zvici Zviv cyivb XvKvq wn›`y Aay¨wlZ GjvKvq mviv ivZ MYnv‡i e¨vcK aŸsm

jxjv Lyb al©Y jyUcvU Pvjv‡jv| ivRvievM cywjk jvBb †_‡K wKQz evOvwj cywjk m`m¨ A¯¿mn eywoM½v cvwi‡q Icv‡i †KiwbM‡Ä Avkªq wb‡jv| ivRvievM cywjk jvBb GjvKvq e¨vcK nZ¨v, R¡vjvI †cvovI jyUcvU Pj‡jv mviv ivZ| cvK Avwg© 25 gvP© †_‡K 6 GwcÖ‡ji g‡a¨ Zv‡ì cwiKwíZ bKkvi mewKQz m¤úbœ Ki‡jv| cvK †mbviv knx` wgbvi ¸wo‡q w`‡jv| ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK feb, ˆ`wbK wccj feb, igbvi Kvjx gw›ì R¡vwj‡q cywo‡q ¸wo‡q w`‡jv| ïay Zviv e¨vcK nv‡i AvIqvgx jxM †bZv‡ì †MÖdZvi Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡jv| †MvUv c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b ZLb ïay jvk Avi jvk| †hme evOvwj cywjk m`m¨, BwcAvi m`m¨ ev †mbv m`m¨ cvK Avwg©‡ì Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡iwQ‡jb ev aiv c‡iwQ‡jb ev wbi¯¿ n‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì‡K cieZ©x‡Z webv wePv‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| KvD‡K KvD‡K KvivMv‡i AvU‡K ivLv nq| 26 gvP© †_‡K 6 GwcÖj ch©š— cvwK¯—vb †_‡K wcAvBG †evwqs I wm-130 wegv‡b K‡i cvK †mbvevwnbxi 9 bs I 16 bs wWwfkvb‡K XvKvq Avbv nq| 2 gU©vi e¨vUvwiR I 2 DBs BwcwmGGd‡K wecyj cwigvY Uw· I _vj ¯‹vDUmmn XvKvq R‡ov Kiv nq| 27 gvP© w`‡bi †ejvq `yB NÈvi R‡b¨ Kvd©y¨ wkw_j Kiv n‡j XvKv †_‡K e¨vcK nv‡i mvaviY RbZv cvwj‡q MÖvg wKs¤^v mxgvš— †cwi‡q fvi‡Z P‡q hvq| Iw`‡K 26 gvP© †_‡K cvK †mbviv XvKvi evB‡i gyf Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| cvK †mbviv †MvUv XvKvi Pviw`‡K GKwU wbivcËv ejq ˆZwi K‡i| c~‡e© †Wgiv, DË‡i U½x, cwð‡g mvfvi, `w¶‡Y bvivqbMÄ ch©š— Zviv GB wbivcËv †eóbx m„wó K‡i cwRkvb †bq| 10 GwcÖ‡ji g‡a¨ cvK †mbviv `w¶‡Y cÙv b`x, DË‡i Uv½vBj, c~‡e© biwmsw` I cwð‡g AvwiPv ch©š— Gwiqv wb‡R‡ì Kivqv‡Ë †bq| 11 GwcÖj 1970 mv‡j †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij Avwgi Ave`yj−vn Lvb wbqvRx‡K c~e© cvwK¯—vb cvK †mbvevwnbxi cÖavb Kiv nq| †Rbv‡ij wU°v Lvb Avevi Mf©bi c‡` cybt¯’vwcZ nb| †Rbv‡ij Lvw`g ivRv‡K 14 wWwfkv‡bi KgvwÛs Awdmvi †_‡K e`wj Kiv nq cvwK¯—v‡b| Ges †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjx‡K c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Mf©b‡ii wmwfj G¨v‡dqv‡m©i Dc‡`óv Kiv nq| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi mvwe©K wbivcËv I cvwK¯—vb‡K i¶vi R‡b¨ bZzb K‡i ÔAcv‡ikvb †MÖU d¬vB BbÕ w`‡q cvK Avwg©‡K wiBb‡dvm© Kiv nq| bZzb K‡i cvK †mbvevwnbx‡Z wKQz iè`j Kiv nq| beg wWwfkv‡bi KgvwÛs‡qi `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nq †gRi †Rbv‡ij kIKZ wiqvR‡K| Zvi Aax‡b 57 bs weª‡MU (mì `dZi wS‡bB`v) I 107 bs weª‡MW (mì `dZi h‡kvi) †Ìqv nq| GB `yB weª‡MU K‡›Uªvj Ki‡e e„nËi Kzw÷qv, h‡kvi, Lyjbv, dwi`cyi, ewikvj I cUzqvLvjx †Rjv| 16 wWwfkv‡bi AwabvqK Kiv nq †gRi †Rbv‡ij bvRvi ûmvBb kvn‡K|

hvi mì `dZi Kiv nq bv‡Uv‡i| Zvi Aax‡b 23 bs weª‡MW (mì `dZi iscyi), 205 bs weª‡MW (mì `dZi e¸ov) I 34 bs weª‡MW (mì `dì bv‡Uvi) †Ìqv nq| GB wZb weª‡MW K‡›Uªvj Ki‡e e„nËi w`bvRcyi, iscyi, e¸ov, cvebv I ivRkvnx †Rjv| 14 wWwfkv‡bi AwabvqK Kiv nq †gRi †Rbv‡ij iwng Lvb‡K| hvi mì `dZi XvKv| Zvi Aax‡b 27 bs weª‡MW (mì `dZi gqgbwmsn), 313 bs weª‡MW (mì `dZi wm‡jU), 117 bs weª‡MW (mì `dZi Kzwgj−v) I 53 bs weª‡MW (mì `dZi PÆMÖvg) mn c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Aewkó †Rjvmg~n K‡›Uªvj Ki‡e| GQvov cvK †mbv‡ì Z_¨ cÖ`vb, †mev I wbivcËv Ges †c‡Uªvj w`‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Kivi R‡b¨ B÷ †e½j ivB‡djm‡K †f‡½ †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k`-Gi †bZ…©‡Z¡ MVb Kiv nq B÷ cvwK¯—vb wmwfj Avg©W †dv‡m©m ev BwcwmGGd| †h mKj evOvwj ˆmb¨ cvK Avwg©‡ì Av¯’vfvRb Ges cvwK¯—vb i¶vi c‡¶, †mme BwcAvi evOvwj m`m¨ wb‡q B÷ cvwK¯—vb wmwfj Avg©W †dv‡m©m MVb Kiv nq| cÖv_wgK fv‡e G‡Z 20 nvRvi †jvK wiµzU Kiv nq| GQvov mvaviY evOvwj mg_©K I G· BwcAvi m`m¨‡ì wb‡q ivRvKvim I kvwš— KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| hvi m`m¨ msL¨v 40 nvRvi I 60 nvRvi| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi 5000 m`m¨ wb‡q MVb Kiv nq Avj eì I Avj kvgm evwnbx| GB `yB MÖ“c‡K mnvqZv Kivi R‡b¨ cvwK¯—vb †_‡K nvRvi nvRvi wmwfwjqvb Ges 500 cywjk m`m¨‡K Avbv nq| ïi“ nq cvK †mbvwevwnbxi wei“‡× evOvwj‡ì ¯^vaxbZv hy×| Avwg Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi eÜ Ki‡Z Ki‡Z Avm‡ii Avhvb w`j| bvgvR c‡o evB‡i G‡m †`wL iwb Avi wbkvb evRvi †_‡K wd‡i‡Q| iwb ejj, `v`x, GB bvI †Zvgvi ZvgvK| Avi ZvgvK h‡Zv †ewk Lvev Z‡Zv ZvovZvwo MvwÜi gvi Kv‡Q hvB‡Z cviev| ZvB ï‡b iwbÕi gv eDgv wbi“ iwb‡K GKUv agK jvMvq| evRvi †_‡K eo GKUv Bwjk G‡b‡Q Iiv| †cU fiwZ wWg| kx‡Zi g~jv Avi evav Kwd| GKUv e¨v‡M Av‡Li ¸o Avi Av‡iKUv e¨v‡M wPZv¸o| Avgvi bvZx iwb Avevi `yBUv e¨vM nv‡Z wb‡q ejj, `v`x Zzwg †KvbUv PvI? eDgv wbi“ Avevi iwb‡K mwi‡q w`w”Qj| wKš‘ iwb `~i †_‡K wPrKvi K‡i ejj, Zzwg bv ej‡j †Zvgv‡i GB e¨v‡Mi wRwbm †`‡ev bv| c‡i wb‡RB Av‡Li ¸o Avi wPZv¸o †ei K‡i ejj, Zzwg fyj Ki‡jB †Zvgv‡i GLbB wPZv¸o LvB‡q w`Zvg| nv nv nv|

26. evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× K‡qK w`b a‡i Avwg Lye Amy¯’| †Kv_vI †h‡Z cvwi bv| cÖvq mviv¶Y ï‡q e‡m KvUvB| Avi mgq †c‡j Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwii cvZv DëvB| wPË Wv³vi Bb‡RKkvb w`‡q †M‡Q †mB mKvj †ejvq| Zvici Alya †L‡q GKUz †iv‡` e‡mwQ| Avi Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi cowQ| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i mgq Ckv‡bi eqm wQj GK eQi| eo n‡q Ckvb cÖvqB Avgvi Kv‡Q gyw³hy‡×i mgqKvi Mí ïb‡Z PvB‡Zv| IB mgq Ckv‡bi evev cÖvq †MvUv mgq wewfbœ RvqMvq cvwj‡q wQj| KviY Ckv‡bi evev wQj GKRb gyw³‡hv×v msMVK| bvbv eqwm gyw³‡hv×viv ZLb Ckv‡bi evevi Kv‡Q bvbv wel‡q civgk© Kivi R‡b¨ Avm‡Zv| wKš‘ mgm¨v ïi“ n‡jv hLb bKkvj‡ì wKQz MÖ“c Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z hvZvqvZ ïi“ Ki‡jv| bKkvj‡ì IB MÖ“ç‡jv Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z Avm‡Zv Ckv‡bi evev‡K Lyb Kivi R‡b¨| GQvov Zviv Avgv‡ì KvPvwi N‡i Nygv‡Zv| Avgvi ivbœv Kiv Lvevi †L‡Zv| Avi gyw³‡hv×v‡ì AvMgb †Ui †c‡j †K‡U ci‡Zv| Avi hvevi Av‡M Avgv‡K GKUv ûgwK w`‡q †h‡Zv| Ckv‡bi evev‡K Zv‡ì Lye cÖ‡qvRb| †Kv_vq _v‡Kb wZwb bv Rvbv‡j Avgvi Lye wec` n‡e| Avi ej‡Zb †h †Kv‡bv mgq Ibvi jvk wb‡q Avgiv Avcbvi mvg‡b Avm‡ev| gyw³hy‡×i cy‡iv mgqUv ZvB Ckv‡bi evev‡K bKkvj‡ì nvZ †_‡K euvPvi R‡b¨ cvwj‡q †eov‡Z n‡Zv| gyw³hy‡×i K‡Zv Mí †h Avgvi ey‡Ki g‡a¨ Rgv Av‡Q Zv e‡j †kl Kiv hv‡e bv| wKš‘ †mB M‡íi †P‡q Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwii cvZvq cvZvq gyw³hy‡×i †h Mí ev BwZnvm Ckvb wj‡L †i‡L‡Q ZvB co‡Z Avgvi †ewk fv‡jv jv‡M| gyw³hy‡×i KviY, hy× Kxfv‡e ïi“ n‡jv, mviv †`‡ki ZLb Kx Ae¯’v, BZ¨vw` †kvbvi GKgvÎ gva¨g wQj ZLb Avgv‡ì UªvbwR÷viUv| mÜ¨vq N‡ii †g‡Si Lv‡Ui wb‡Pi M‡Z© jywK‡q Avgiv wewewm ïbZvg| Avi AvKvk evYx ïbZvg w`‡b| UªvbwR÷v‡ii LeiI me mgq †kvbv †h‡Zv bv| e¨vUvwi bv _vK‡j bZzb K‡i e¨vUvwi bv †Kbv ch©š— Avgiv mevB ïay AvZs‡K w`b KvUvZvg| †mB me AvZs‡Ki K_v g‡b co‡j GL‡bv Mv wkD‡i I‡V| Zey Avwg hLbB mgq cvB Ckv‡bi †jLv Wv‡qwi cwo| Avi Ckvb Wv‡qwi‡Z Lye my›ì K‡i me BwZnvm wj‡L †i‡L‡Q| Ckvb nvwi‡q hvevi ci †_‡K Ii Wv‡qwi¸‡jvB Avgvi Kv‡Q Ckvb| Ckvb Ii Wv‡qwi‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv wb‡q hv wj‡L‡Q ZvB cowQ K‡qKw`b a‡i| K. e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv 1971 mv‡ji 25 gv‡P©i g‡a¨ c~e© cvwK¯—vb †_‡K mKj we‡`kx mvsevw`K cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv n‡jv| cvK Avwg©‡ì Acv‡ikvb mvP© jvBU ïi“ n‡jv 25 gvP© iv‡Z

wR‡iv AvIqv‡i| cÖ_‡gB Zviv e½eÜz‡K Zuvi avbgwÊi evmv †_‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡jb| †MÖdZv‡ii Av‡M BwcAvi Gi Iqvi‡j‡mi gva¨‡g e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv Ki‡jb| †NvlYvwU wQj wbgœiƒcÑ Today Bangladesh is a sovereign and independent country. On Thursday night, West Pakistani armed forces suddenly attacked the police barracks at Razarbagh and the EPR headquarters at Pilkhana in Dhaka. Many innocent and unarmed have been killed in Dhaka city and other places of Bangladesh. Violent clashes between E.P.R. and Police on the one hand and the armed forces of Pakistan on the other, are going on. The Bengalis are fighting the enemy with great courage for an independent Bangladesh. May Allah aid us in our fight for freedom. Joy Bangla. e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvwU †UwjMÖvg evZ©vi gva¨‡g PÆMÖv‡g K‡qKRb Qv‡Îi Kv‡Q †cuŠQvq| QvÎiv IB †UwjMÖvg evZ©v Abyev` Kivi R‡b¨ wb‡q hvb W±i gvbRyjv Av‡bvqv‡ii Kv‡Q| W±i gvbRyjv Av‡bvqvi †UwjMÖvgwU Abyev` K‡ib| Zvici QvÎiv IwU cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ PÆMÖv‡gi AvMÖvev` †iwWI †÷kv‡b hvq| wKš‘ cvK D”P A_wiwUi cviwgkv‡bi Afv‡e IwU Zviv cÖPvi Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| Zvici QvÎiv IwU KvjyiNvU weª‡Ri Icv‡i wb‡q hvq| KvjyiNvU weª‡Ri cv‡k GKwU A¯’vqx †iwWI †÷kvb ZLb B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui evOvwj ˆmb¨iv cvnviv w`w”Q‡jv| BwÄwbqiiv IwU ZLb †givgZ KiwQ‡jb| 26 gvP© 1971 mv‡j PÆMÖvg †eZvi †K‡›`ªi evOvwj Kg©KZ©v I BwÄwbqviMY wg‡j PÆMÖv‡gi KvjyiNv‡U A¯’vqx ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª Pvjy K‡ib| IB mgq KvjyiNvU †eZvi †K›`ª Pvjy Kivi Kv‡R wbhy³ wQ‡jb †eZvi Kg©x †ejvj gvngy`, Aveyj Kv‡kg m›`xc, Ave`yj−vn Avj dvi“K, myjZvb AvjvDb, gvngy` †nv‡mb, Kwe Ave`ym Qvjvg Ges ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡ GgG nvbœvb| GB KqRb wg‡j ZLb QvÎ‡`i †_‡K cvIqv e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvwU wjwce× K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i e³e¨ wKQz¶Y cici Zuviv IB †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K mevB cÖPvi KiwQ‡jb| 27 gvP© 1971 mv‡j e½eÜzi IB GKB †NvlYvwU †eZvi Kg©x KvRx nvwee DÏxb byby †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb| †gRi wRqv‡K IB w`‡bi Av‡M ch©š— †ejvj gvngy` wPb‡Zb bv| Zvi bvgI †kv‡bb wb †ejvj gvngy`| cwUqv †_‡K †gRi wRqv‡K Zuviv KvjyiNv‡U wb‡q Avmvi ci wVK Ki‡jb, ewnwe©‡k¦ †NvlYvwUi ¸i“Z¡ †evSv‡Z

GKRb †gR‡ii K‡É Zv cÖPvi Kiv DwPZ| IB w`b mÜ¨vq †eZvi Kg©x †ejvj gvngy‡`i m‡½ Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z †gRi wRqv Av‡iKwU †NvlYv ˆZwi Ki‡jb Ges wb‡Ri K‡É Zv cvV Ki‡jb| msL¨v wePv‡i †mwU wQj beg †Nvl‡Ki †NvlYv| †gRi wRqv †h †NvlYvwU cvV K‡iwQ‡jb IwU †ejvj gvngy` Abyev` K‡iwQ‡jb| IB †NvlYvqI ÔAb wenve Ad AvIqvi †MÖU wjWvi e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvbÕ K_v¸‡jvI wQj| 27 gvP© 19:45 wgwb‡U †gRi wRqvDi ingvb e½eÜzi IB †UwjMÖvg evZ©vwU e½eÜzi bv‡gB †NvlYv w`‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ 28 gvP© 1971 mv‡j †gRi wRqv Av‡iKwU ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ ˆZwi Ki‡jb Ges KvjyiNvU †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K wZwb IUv 28 gvP© cvV K‡ib| c‡ii IB †NvlYvq wRqv wb‡R‡K wicvewj‡Ki †Ug‡cvivwi cÖavb wn‡m‡e D‡j−L K‡iwQ‡jb| wjwLZ Wªvd‡U IUv wQj bv| KvjyiNvU †eZvi †K‡›`ª †gRi wRqvi m‡½ Ab¨ †h KqRb K¨v‡ßb wQ‡jb Zuviv wRqv‡K IUv ejvi R‡b¨ ZLb Aby‡iva K‡iwQ‡jb| 28 gvP© †gRi wRqv †h cwiewZ©Z †NvlYvwU †`b †mwU GiƒcÑ This is Shadhin Bangla Betar Kendro. I, Major Ziaur Rahman, at the direction of Bangobondhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, hereby declare that the independent People's Republic of Bangladesh has been established. At his direction, I have taken command as the temporary Head of the Republic. In the name of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, I call upon all Bengalis to rise against the attack by the West Pakistani Army. We shall fight to the last to free our Motherland. By the grace of Allah, victory is ours. Joy Bangla. XvKvq wbhy³ gvwK©b Kbmyj †Rbv‡ij AvP©vi †K›U e−¨vW ZLb XvKvi cwiw¯’wZ gvwK©b cÖkvmb‡K †UwjMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g eb©Yv K‡i‡Qb| 27 gvP© e−¨vW Zuvi †UwjMÖv‡g mve‡R± wnmv‡e †j‡Lb Ôwm‡jKwUf †R‡bvmvBWÕ| Zuvi IB †UwjMÖvg eY©bvwU wQj wbgœiƒc: 1. Here in Dacca we are mute and horrified witnesses to a reign of terror by the Pak(istani) Military. Evidence continues to mount that the MLA authorities have list of AWAMI League supporters whom they are systematically eliminating by seeking them out in their homes and shooting them down

2. Among those marked for extinction in addition to the A.L. hierarchy are student leaders and university faculty. In this second category we have reports that Fazlur Rahman head of the philosophy department and a Hindu, M. Abedin, head of the department of history, have been killed. Razzak of the political science department is rumored dead. Also on the list are the bulk of MNA's elect and number of MPA's. 3. Moreover, with the support of the Pak(istani) Military. non-Bengali Muslims are systematically attacking poor people's quarters and murdering Bengalis and Hindus. (U.S. Consulate (Dacca) Cable, Selective genocide, March 27, 1971)

XvKv †_‡K 6 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j gvwK©b ebmyj †Rbv‡ij AvP©vi †K÷ e−¨vW Zuvi Av‡iKwU †UwjMÖvg evZ©vq †j‡LbOur government has failed to denounce the suppression of democracy. Our government has failed to denounce atrocities. Our government has failed to take forceful measures to protect its citizens while at the same time bending over backwards to placate the West Pak(istan) dominated government and to lessen any deservedly negative international public relations impact against them. Our government has evidenced what many will consider moral bankruptcy, But we have chosen not to intervene, even morally, on the grounds that the Awami conflict, in which unfortunately the overworked term genocide is applicable, is purely an internal matter of a sovereign state. Private Americans have expressed disgust. We, as professional civil servants, express our dissent with current policy and fervently hope that our true and lasting interests here can be defined and our policies redirected.

L. A¯’vqx miKv‡ii kc_ 10 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j wm‡j‡Ui Zvwjqvcvovq wmwbqi evOvwj Avwg© AwdmviMY wgwjZ nb| †mLv‡b Zuviv me© m¤§wZµ‡g gyw³evwnbx MVb K‡ib| GB evwnbxi KgvwÛs‡qi `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv nq K‡b©j (Aemi cÖvß) GgGwR Imgvbx‡K| 11 GwcÖj K‡b©j Imgvbx 4 wU †m±i MVb K‡ib| PÆMÖvg AÂ‡ji KgvwÛs Awdmvi Kiv nq †gRi wRqv‡K| Kzwgj−v AÂ‡ji KgvwÛs Awdmvi Kiv nq †gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid‡K| wm‡jU AÂ‡ji KgvwÛs Awdmvi Kiv nq †gRi kwdDj−vn‡K| Avi h‡kvi AÂ‡ji KgvwÛs Awdmvi Kiv nq †gRi Avey Imgvb †PŠayix‡K| 17 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j Kzw÷qvi †g‡nicy‡i A¯’vqx evsjv‡`k miKvi kc_ MÖnb K‡i| 7 m`m¨ wewkó A¯’vqx evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii m`mïv n‡jbÑ ivóªcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb, Dc-ivóªcwZ ˆmq` bRi“j Bmjvg (G¨vw±s ivóªcwZ), cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avn‡g`, ¯îvóª I `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv gš¿x GGBPGg Kvgi“¾vgvb, A_© I cwiKíbv gš¿x Gg gbmyi Avjx, ciivóª I AvBbgš¿x L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` Ges evsjv‡`k †dv‡m©i KgvwÛs Bb wPd K‡b©j GgGwR Imgvbx| fvi‡Zi KjKvZvq gyw³evwnbxi mì `dZi ¯’vcb Kiv nq| AwabvqK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb K‡b©j GgGwR Imgvbx| †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j GgG ie‡K Kiv nq wPd Ae ÷vd| fvi‡Zi wÎcyivi AvMiZjvq Zuvi Aax‡b gyw³evwnbxi GKwU mve mì `dZi ¯’vcb Kiv nq| MÖ“c K¨v‡ßb GAvi L›`Kvi‡K Kiv nq †WcywU wPd Ae ÷vd| GB mgq wecyj cwigvY evsjv‡`kx kibv_©x mxgvš— cvi n‡q fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| miKvwi wn‡me Abyhvqx, evOvwj kibv_©xi msL¨v 10 wgwjqb ev ZviI †ewk| ïaygvÎ KjKvZvq evOvwj kibv_©xi msL¨v 7.5 wgwjqb| GQvov wÎcyivq evOvwj kibv_©xi msL¨v cÖvq 1.5 wgwjqb| GQvov Avmvg I wenv‡iI cÖPzi cwigv‡Y evOvwj kibv_©x DØv¯‘ wn‡m‡e cÖ‡ek K‡i| fviZ miKvi evOvwj kibv_©x DØv¯‘‡ì R‡b¨ 825 wU wiwdDwR K¨v¤ú ¯’vcb K‡ib| 3 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki A¯’vqx miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avn‡g` fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜxi m‡½ †`Lv K‡i mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b Ki‡jb| IB mgq cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏx‡bi Av‡e`‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z fviZ miKvi fvi‡Zi m‡½ B÷ cvwK¯—vb mxgvš— I‡cb K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| fvi‡Zi eW©vi wmwKDwiwU †dvm© ev weGmGd ZLb AvMZ kibv_©x‡ì mxwgZ AvKv‡i Lv`¨ Ilya K¤^j w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQj| c‡i fviZxq wgwjUvwii m‡½ cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng` †hme wel‡q mn‡hvwMZv PvB‡jb †m¸‡jv n‡jvÑ

1. 10 GwcÖj 1971 ch©š— †h mKj evOvwj gyw³‡hv×v †`‡k AvUKv c‡i cvK Avwg©‡ì m‡½ hy× Ki‡Qb Zuv‡ì i¨vwcW mnvqZv Kivi R‡b¨ fviZxq Avwg©i wegvb Uªyc mnvqZv cÖ‡qvRb| hv‡Z cvK Avwg©‡ì `Lj nIqv Ask¸‡jv gyw³‡hv×viv `ª“Z wb‡R‡ì `L‡j wb‡Z cv‡i| 2. fviZxq †bŠevwnbxi BwÛqvb B÷vb© †bfvj KbwUb‡MU ( 1wU GqvµvdU K¨vwiqvi I K‡qKwU hy× RvnvR m¤^wjZ) w`‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i GKwU †ewi‡MU ˆZwi Kiv| hv‡Z cvK †bŠevwnbxi †bŠc‡_ †Mvjevi“`, A¯¿m¯¿ I LvevivLevi mvc−vB eÜ n‡q hvq| GLb ch©š— cvK †bŠevwnbxi kw³ gvÎ GKwU †WmUªqvi I 4 wU Mvb‡evU| 3. cvK wegvbevwnbx cvwK¯—vb †_‡K †Mvjvevi“`, A¯¿m¯¿, ˆmb¨ I Lvevi G‡b XvKv PÆMÖvg I bvivqbM‡Ä Rgv Ki‡Q| fviZxq wegvb evwnbx †h‡bv Gqvi i“U eÜ K‡i Zv‡ì GB kw³gvÎv I Lvevi †bevi c_ eÜ K‡i †`q| M. AvbyôvwbKfv‡e gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ I †m±i MVb 10 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j ZvRDÏx‡bi †bZ…©‡Z¡ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖevmx A¯’vqx miKvi MwVZ nq| 11 RyjvB 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki A¯’vqx miKvi wmwbqi evOvwj Avwg© Awdmvi‡ì wb‡q GKwU Kbdv‡iÝ K‡ib| IB Kbdv‡i‡Ý †MvUv evsjv‡`k‡K 11 wU †m±‡i fvM K‡i 11 Rb †m±i KgvÛv‡ii Aax‡b me©vZ¥K gyw³hy× Kivi wm×vš— MÖnb Kiv nq| K‡b©j GgGwR Imgvbx‡K Kiv nq AwabvqK| †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j GgG ie‡K Kiv nq wPd Ae Avwg© ÷vd| MÖyc K¨v‡ßb GAvi L›`Kvi‡K Kiv nq †WcywU wPd Ae Avwg© ÷vd| 10 wU †m±i mivmwi Awabvq‡Ki Aax‡b hy× Ki‡e| Avi 11 b¤î †m±i evbv‡bv n‡e †bŠ Kgv‡Ûv‡ì w`‡q hviv mivmwi Awabvq‡Ki Aax‡b Ges Awabvq‡Ki †¯úkvj †dv‡m©i wb‡`©‡k hy× Ki‡e| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b IB mgq †gvU 17000 evOvwj ˆmb¨ (BweAvi I BwcAvi) `vwqZ¡iZ wQj| 25 gvP© cvK †mbv‡ì Acv‡ikvb mvP© jvB‡Ui d‡j Aš—tZ 4000 evOvwj ˆmb¨ cvK †mbv‡ì Kv‡Q ew›` nq| evKx 13000 B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g›U I B÷ cvwK¯—vb ivB‡djm-Gi evOvwj ˆmb¨mn cywjk I c¨vivwgwjUvwi evOvwj ˆmb¨ wb‡q K‡b©j (Aemi) AvZvDj MwY Imgvbxi †bZ…©‡Z¡ 11 GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j MVb Kiv nq evsjv‡`k †i¸jvi †dvm© ev wbqwgZ evwnbx| IB mgq Av‡iv Aš—tZ GK jvL †emvgwiK †jvK‡K ivB‡dj Pvjv‡bvi †Uªwbs w`‡q MVb Kiv nq MYevwnbx ev wccjm Avwg©| GB wbqwgZ evwnbx Avi MYevwnbx wg‡j MVb Kiv

nq gyw³evwnbx| Giv mevB Imgvbxi KgvwÛs‡qi Aax‡b mivmwi cvK †mbv‡ì wei“‡× hy× K‡iwQj| IB mgq gyw³evwnbxi Av`‡j wKQz ¯^Zš¿ I weZwK©Z evwnbxI m„wó n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`k wjev‡ikvb †dvm© ev gywReevwnbx bv‡g QvÎ jx‡Mi Aš—tZ 60 nvRvi †¯^”Qv‡mex fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi †gRi †Rbv‡ij Iev‡bi Aax‡b cÖwk¶Y wb‡qwQj| gywReevwnbxi mvsMVwbK `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb QvÎ jxM †bZv wmivRyj Avjg Lvb, †kL dRjyj nK gwb, KvRx Avwid Avn‡g`, Ave`yi iv¾vK, †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g`, Avmg Ave`yi ie, kvnRvnvb wmivR, b~i-B-Avjg wmwÏKx I Ave`yj KzÏym gvLb| gywReevwnbx ZLb K‡b©j Imgvbxi †bZ…©Z¡ mivmwi MÖnb K‡iwb| Zviv ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i m¤ú~Y© Ave`vb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi c‡¶ Uvbvi R‡b¨ †gRi †Rbv‡ij Ievb I fviZxq ˆmb¨‡ì civg‡k© IB Avjv`v gywReevwnbx m„wó K‡iwQj| IB mgq Av‡iv wKQz †QvU †QvU ¯^Zš¿ MYevwnbx m„wó n‡qwQj hviv K‡b©j Imgvbxi KgvwÛs‡qi evB‡i gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnb K‡iwQj| Giv n‡jv Kv‡`wiqv evwnbx ev Uv½vB‡ji Kv‡ì wmwÏKxi †bZ…©‡Z¡ Kv‡ì evwnbx, gqgbwms‡n Avkivd I AvdZv‡di †bZ…©‡Z¡ h_vµ‡g Avkivd evwnbx I AvdZvd evwnbx, Avey wmwÏK Avn‡g‡ì †bZ…©‡Z¡ †bÎ‡Kvbvq UvBMvi evwnbx, wmivRM‡Ä jwZd wgR©vi †bZ…©‡Z¡ jwZd wgR©vi evwnbx, wSbvB`‡n AvKei †nv‡mb evwnbx, ewikv‡j KzÏym †gvj−v evwnbx I Mdzi evwnbx, dwi`cy‡i †ngv‡qZ DÏx‡bi †bZ…©‡Z¡ †ngv‡qZ evwnbx| GB me ¯^Zš¿ evwnbx ZLb cvK †mbv‡ì wei“‡× evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ hy× K‡iwQj| wKš‘ Giv mevB wQj evsjv‡`‡ki cÖevmx A¯’vqx miKv‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi K‡b©j GgGwR Imgvbxi AvbyôvwbK KgvwÛs‡qi evB‡i| G‡ì g‡a¨ gywReevwnbxi ms‡M Imgvbxi wKQz gZcv_©K¨ ZLb cÖKvk¨ iƒc wb‡qwQj| hv ZLb ZvRDÏx‡bi `¶ †bZ…©Z¡ ¸‡b mvgvj †Ìqv m¤¢e n‡qwQj| GQvov IB mgq evgcš’x wKQz MÖ“c cvK †mbv‡ì wei“‡× Avjv`vfv‡e hy× K‡iwQj| G‡ì g‡a¨ b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© ev b¨vc I Kgywb÷ cvwU©i Avjv`v evwnbx wQj| ewikv‡ji ¯îƒcKvVxi †cqviv evMv‡b wmivR wmK`v‡ii †bZ…©‡Z¡ wQj GKwU kw³kvjx †Mwijv evwnbx| GB me ¶z`ª ¶z`ª evwnbxi g‡a¨ Avevi †mvwf‡qZ cš’x I Pxb cš’x wb‡q we‡iva wQj| ¯^Zš¿ evwnbx nIqvq Ges †K›`ªxq evwnbxi KgvwÛs‡qi evB‡i _vKvq IB mgq Zviv wb‡Riv wb‡RivI hy‡× Rwo‡q c‡iwQj| KL‡bv KL‡bv Zv‡ì m‡½ gyw³evwnbxi mivmwi fyj †evSveywS‡ZI hy× n‡qwQj| Pigcš’x GB `jwU ZLb bKkvj bv‡g Avjv`v GKwU AvZsK m„wó K‡iwQj| Giv cvK †mbv‡ì wei“‡× gyw³hy‡×i evB‡iI wKQz Uv‡M©U g¨vb‡K ZLb nZ¨v K‡iwQj|

d‡j gyw³evwnbx‡ì Avevi bKkvj‡ì f‡qI ZLb cvwj‡q †eov‡Z n‡qwQj| Avevi gywReevwnbx hLb ZLb †K›`ªxq KgvÛ‡K bv †g‡b Avjv`vfv‡e KgvÛ †èvi †Póv K‡iwQj| GB me gZwe‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y ZLb wKQz wKQz NUbv KL‡bv KL‡bv cvK †mbv‡ì c‡¶ wM‡qwQj| 11 RyjvB 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki A¯’vqx miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avng` mKj †m±i KgvÛviMY‡K wb‡q evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii A¯’vqx Kvh©vjq KjKvZvi 8 w_‡qUvi †iv‡Wi Awd‡m GK Ri“ix êVK Ki‡jb| IB êV‡K K‡b©j Imgvbx‡K AvbyôvwbKfv‡e †Rbv‡ij c`wei i¨vsK cwo‡q †Ìqv nq| ZLb wm×vš— nq †h, †Rbv‡ij Imgvbxi †bZ…©‡Z¡ 11 wU †m±‡ii Aax‡bB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× Pj‡e| ZLb †m±i¸‡jvi `vwqZ¡ Ges Gwiqv bZzb K‡i Avevi fvM K‡i †Ìqv nq| e„nËi PÆMÖvg †Rjv, cveZ©¨ PÆMÖvg I †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi gyûix b`xi †MvUv c~e© cvi wg‡j MVb Kiv nq GK b¤î †m±i| hvi KgvwÛs Awdmvi Kiv nq †gRi wRqvDi ingvb (10 GwcÖj 1971 †_‡K 25 Ryb 1971) Ges †gRi iwdKzj Bmjvg‡K (28 Ryb 1971 †_‡K 14 †deª“qvwi 1972)| 1 bs †m±‡ii mì `dZi Kiv nq nwibvq| 1 bs †m±‡ii mve-KgvÛviMY n‡jb Fwlgy‡L K¨v‡ßb kvgmyj Bmjvg, kªxbM‡i K¨v‡ßb gwZDi ingvb I K¨v‡ßb gvndzRyi ingvb, gvbyNv‡U K¨v‡ßb gvndzRyi ingvb, ZejQwo‡Z mv‡R©›U Avjx †nv‡mb I wWgvwMwi‡Z GKRb mv‡R©›U (bvg cvIqv hvq bv)| XvKv, dwi`cyi, Kzwgj−v I †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi Aewkó Ask wg‡j MVb Kiv nq `yB b¤î †m±i| hvi KgvwÛs Awdmvi †gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid (10 GwcÖj 1971 †_‡K 22 †m‡Þ¤î 1971) I †gRi GwUGg nvq`vi (22 †m‡Þ¤î 1971 †_‡K 18 wW‡m¤î 1971)| mve-KgvÛviMY n‡jb M½vmvM‡i †jd‡Ub¨v›U gvneye, AvLvDovq †jd‡Ub¨v›U dvi“K, Kmevq †jd‡Ub¨v›U ûgvqyb Kwei, g›`vfv‡e K¨v‡ßb Mvddvi, kvj`v b`x‡Z gvngy` nvmvb, gvwUbM‡i †jd‡Ub¨v›U w``vi“j Avjg, wbf©qcy‡i K¨v‡ßb AvKei I †jd‡Ub¨v›U gvneye Ges ivRbM‡i K¨v‡ßb Rvdi Bgvg, K¨v‡ßb knx` I †jd‡Ub¨v›U Bgvgy¾vgvb| wZb b¤î †m±i MVb Kiv nq DË‡i PzivgbKvwV †_‡K wm‡jU Ges `w¶‡Y eªvþYevwoqvi wmsMviwej GjvKv wb‡q| wZb b¤î †m±‡ii KgvÛvi Kiv nq †gRi †KGg kwdDj−vn‡K (10 GwcÖj 1971 †_‡K 21 RyjvB 1971) I K¨v‡ßb GGbGg byi“¾vgvb (23 RyjvB 1971 †_‡K 14 †deª“qvwi 1972)| mveKgvÛviMY n‡jb Avkªgevwo‡Z K¨v‡ßb AvwRR I K¨v‡ßb GRvR, evNvBevwo‡Z K¨v‡ßb AvwRR I K¨v‡ßb GRvR, nvUKvUvq K¨v‡ßb gwZDi ingvb, wmgjvq

K¨v‡ßb gwZb, cÂewU‡Z K¨v‡ßb bvwmg, gw›Ujvq I weRqbM‡i K¨v‡ßb GgGmG fyBqv, Kvjv‡Pvivq †jd‡Ub¨v›U gRyg`vi, KvjKvwjqvq †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Mvjvg †njvj †gv‡k©` I evgywUqvq †jd‡Ub¨v›U mvC`| DË‡i nweMÄ †Rjv †_‡K `w¶‡Y KvbvBNvU cywjk †÷kvb n‡q cÖvq 100 gvBj fviZxq mxgvš— GjvKv wb‡q MVb Kiv nq Pvi b¤î †m±i| hvi mì `dZi Kiv nq cÖ_‡g KwigMÄ I c‡i gvwQgcyi| Pvi b¤î †m±‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi n‡jb wPËiÄb `Ë ( 10 GwcÖj 1971 †_‡K 14 †deª“qvwi 1972) I K¨v‡ßb G ie| Pvi b¤î †m±‡ii mve-KgvÛviMY n‡jb Rvjvjcy‡i gvnveyeyi ie mv`x, evivcywÄ‡Z K¨v‡ßb G ie, Avgjvwm‡` †jd‡Ub¨v›U Rwni, KzwKZv‡j †jd‡Ub¨v›U Kv‡ì I K¨v‡ßb kwidzj nK, ˆKjvm kn‡i †jd‡Ub¨v›U IqvwjD¾vgvb Ges Kvgvjcy‡i K¨v‡ßb Gbvg| `yM©vcyi †_‡K UvswK (Zgvwej) mn †MvUv c~e© mxgvš— GjvKv wb‡q MVb Kiv nq cuvP b¤î †m±i| mì `dZi Kiv nq ebmZjv| cuvP b¤î †m±‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi Kiv nq †gRi gxi kIKZ Avjx‡K (10 GwcÖj 1971 †_‡K 14 †deª“qvwi 1972)| GB †m±‡ii mve-KgvÛviMY n‡jb gy³vcy‡i mv‡R©›U bvwRi †nv‡mb I gyw³‡hv×v dvi“K, WvDwK‡Z mv‡R©›U †gRi weAvi †PŠayix, †kjvq K¨v‡ßb †njvj, †fvjvM‡Ä †jd‡Ub¨v›U Zv‡niDÏxb AvKzwÄ, ej‡U mv‡R©›U Mwb, K¨v‡ßb mvjvDÏxb I Gbvgyj nK †PŠayix Ges eoQovq K¨v‡ßb gymwjg DÏxb| e„nËi iscyi †Rjv I w`bvRcyi †Rjvi wKQz Ask wb‡q MVb Kiv nq Qq b¤î †m±i| hvi mì `dZi Kiv nq cvUMÖv‡gi Kv‡Q eywogvix| GB †m±‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi n‡jb DBs KgvÛvi Gg Lv‡`gyj evkvi (10 GwcÖj 1971 †_‡K 14 †deª“qvwi 1972)| GB †m±‡ii mve-KgvÛviMY n‡jb fRbcy‡i K¨v‡ßb bvRgyj, d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U mì“Ïxb I K¨v‡ßb kvnwiqvi, cvUMÖv‡g K¨v‡ßb gwZDi ingvb, mv‡neM‡Ä K¨v‡ßb †bIqv‡Rm DÏxb, †gvNjnv‡U K¨v‡ßb †`‡jvqvi Ges PxjnvwU‡Z d¬vBU †jd‡Ub¨v›U BKevj| ivRkvnx, cvebv, e¸ov I w`bvRcyi †Rjvi Aewkó Ask wb‡q MVb Kiv nq mvZ b¤î †m±i| hvi mì `dZi Kiv nq Zi½cyi| mvZ b¤î †m±‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi n‡jb †gRi bvRgyj nK (10 GwcÖj 1971 †_‡K 27 †m‡Þ¤î 1971), †gRi KvRx byi“¾vgvb (28 †mÞ¤î 1971 †_‡K 14 †deª“qvwi 1972) I my‡e`vi †gRi G ie| GB †m±‡ii mve-KgvÛviMY n‡jb gj‡b K¨v‡ßb gwnDÏxb Rvnv½xi, Uc‡b †gRi bvRgyj nK, †g‡n`xcy‡i my‡e`vi Bwjqvm I K¨v‡ßb gwnDÏxb Rvnv½xi, nvgRvcy‡i K¨v‡ßb Bw`ªm, Avw½bvev‡` GKRb

gyw³‡hv×v (bvg cvIqv hvq wb), †kLcvovq K¨v‡ßb ikx`, †UvKivevwo‡Z my‡e`vi †gvqv‡¾g Ges jvj‡Mvjvq K¨v‡ßb wMqvmDÏxb †PŠayix| e„nËi Kzw÷qv, h‡kvi, Lyjbv, dwi`cyi, ewikvj I cUzqvLvjx †Rjv wb‡q MVb Kiv nq AvU b¤î †m±i| AvU b¤î †m±‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi n‡jb †gRi Avey Imgvb †PŠayix (10 GwcÖj 1971 †_‡K 17 RyjvB 1971) I †gRi GgG gÄyi (14 AvM÷ 1971 †_‡K 14 †deª“qvwi 1972)| GB †m±‡ii mve-KgvÛviMY n‡jb eqivq K¨v‡ßb L›`Kvi bvRgyj û`v, nvwKgcy‡i K¨v‡ßb kwdK Dj−vn, †fvgivq K¨v‡ßb mvjvDÏxb I K¨v‡ßb kvnveyÏxb, jvjevRv‡i K¨v‡ßb GAvi AvRg †PŠayix, ebcy‡i K¨v‡ßb †gv¯—vwdRyi ingvb, †ebv‡cv‡j K¨v‡ßb Ave`yj nvwjg I K¨v‡ßb †ZŠwdK Gjvwn †PŠayix Ges wkKvicy‡i K¨v‡ßb †ZŠwdK Gjvwn †PŠayix I K¨v‡ßb Rvnv½xi| ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx I dwi`cy‡ii Aewkó Ask wb‡q MVb Kiv nq bq b¤î †m±i| bq b¤î †m±‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi n‡jb †gRi GgG Rwjj (17 RyjvB 1971 †_‡K 24 wW‡m¤î 1971), †gRi GgG gÄyi I †gRi Rqbvj Av‡e`xb| GB †m±‡ii mve-KgvÛ wQj UvwK, wn½jMÄ I kg‡mibMi| `k b¤î †m±i MVb Kiv nq †bŠ Kgv‡Ûv‡ì wb‡q| GB †m±‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi wQ‡jb KgvÛvi GBP wKD (3 wW‡m¤î 1971 †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤î 1971)| GB †m±‡i †Kv‡bv mve KgvÛ wQj bv| e„nËi gqgbwmsn I Uv½vBj †Rjv Ges iscy‡ii Ask we‡kl, MvBevÜv, Dwjcyi, Kvgvjcyi I Pxjgvix wb‡q MVb Kiv nq GMv‡iv b¤î †m±i| GB †m±‡ii KgvwÛs Awdmvi n‡jb †gRi wRqvDi ingvb (27 Ryb 1971 †_‡K 10 A‡±vei 1971), †gRi Avey Zv‡ni (10 A‡±vei 1971 †_‡K 2 b‡f¤î 1971) I ¯‹qvWªb wjWvi Gg nvwg`yj−vn Lvb (2 b‡f¤î 1971 †_‡K 14 †deª“qvwi 1972)| GB †m±‡ii mve-KgvÛviMY n‡jb gsKviP‡i ¯‹qvWªb wjWvi Gg nvwg`yj−vn Lvb, †g‡n›`ªM‡Ä †gRi Avey Zv‡ni I †jd‡Ub¨v›U gvbœvb, cyivLvwmqvq †jd‡Ub¨v›U nv‡kg, Xvjy‡Z †jd‡Ub¨v›U Zv‡ni I †jd‡Ub¨v›U Kvgvj, ivOivq gwZDi ingvb, wkeevwo‡Z BwcAvi m`m¨, evMgvovq BwcAvi m`m¨ Ges g‡nk‡Lvjvq GKRb BwcAvi m`m¨| cvK †mbvevwnbxi Dci †Mwijv AvµgY Pvjv‡bvi R‡b¨ wZbwU †Mwijv evwnbx cÖwZôv Kiv nq| †RW †dv‡m©i KgvwÛs Awdmvi Kiv nq †gRi wRqvDi ingvb‡K| †RW †dv‡m© Aš—©fy³ Kiv nq 1, 3 I 8 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì| 1 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui KgvwÛs Awdmvi wQ‡jb †gRi wRqvDÏxb, 3 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui KgvwÛs Awdmvi wQ‡jb †gRi mvdvqvZ

Rvwgj I 8 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui KgvwÛs Awdmvi wQ‡jb †gRi Avwgbyj nK| 4, 9 I 10 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì wb‡q MVb Kiv nq †K †dvm©| †K †dv‡m©i KgvwÛs Awdmvi Kiv nq †gRi Lv‡j` †gvkviid‡K| Avi 2 I 11 bs B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui evOvwj ˆmb¨‡ì wb‡q MVb Kiv nq Gm †dvm©| Gm †dv‡m©i KgvwÛs Awdmvi wQ‡jb †gRi †KGg kwdDj−vn| N. wgÎ evwnbx MVb 3 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j fvi‡Zi cwðg mxgv‡š— cvwK¯—vb nvgjv Pvjv‡j fviZ cvwK¯—vb mivmwi hy× ïi“ nq| GB mgq c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡ivivi †bZ…©‡Z¡ mw¤§wjZ gyw³evwnbxI cvwK¯— v‡bi m‡½ hy× ïi“ K‡i| fviZxq evwnbx gyw³evwnbxi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡q ZLb MwVZ nq wgÎevwnbx| GB wgÎevwnbxi Kv‡QB 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î cvK evwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| wek¦ gvbwP‡Î Rb¥ nq ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki| O. Acv‡ikb †Pw½m Lvb 3 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j mÜ¨vq cvwK¯—vb wegvbevwnbx wcÖ-GgwUf ÷ªvB‡Ki gva¨‡g fviZxq wegvbevwnbx‡K bRi`vix Kivi R‡b¨ Gqvievm I ivWvi ¯’vcb K‡i| mÜ¨v 17:39 wgwbU †_‡K ivZ 23:00Uv ch©š— cvwK¯—vb wegvbevwnbx wÎ I‡qf c×wZ‡Z fvi‡Zi Ag„Z¯î, AvMÖv, Av¤^vjv, Iqvwš—cyi, weKv‡bi, nvjIqviv, †hvacyi, RvBmvj‡gi, cvVvb‡KvU, kªxbMi I DËijvB‡q wegvb PjvP‡ji Dci Gqvievm ÷ªvBK ¯’vcb K‡i| GKB mgq Zviv fvi‡Zi Ag„Z¯î I dwi`‡Kv‡U Gqvi wW‡dÝ ivWvi ¯’vcb K‡i| Gi Rev‡e IBw`b mÜ¨vq fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx RvZxi D‡Ï‡k¨ GK †iwWI fvl‡Y `vex K‡ib †h, cvwK¯—vb wegvbevwnbxi A‰bwZK wcÖ-GgwUf ÷ªvBK I Gqvi wW‡dÝ ivWvi ¯’vcb Avm‡j fvi‡Zi wei“‡× cvwK¯—v‡bi hy× †NvlYvi mvwgj| fviZxq wegvbevwnbx Gi h_vh_ Reve †Ìqvi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‘Z| wcÖ-GgwUf ÷ªvBK n‡jv wegvb evwnbxi Ggb GKwU A‰bwZK hy× †KŠkj hvi gva¨‡g kÎ“ c‡¶i wegvb DÇqb evav MÖ¯’ Kivi R‡b¨ kÎ“ c‡¶i wegvbe›`‡i †QvU †QvU †evgv †d‡j wegvb DÇq‡bi Abychy³ K‡i †Ìqv Ges Gqvi wW‡dÝ ivWvi ¯’vcb K‡i wb‡R‡ì wegvb‡K kÎ“ c‡¶i ivWvi †_‡K Avovj Kiv| 1967 mv‡ji 5 Ryb †_‡K 10 Ryb ch©š— BmivBjx wegvbevwnbx wgki I Avi‡ei m‡½ hy‡× wcÖ-GgwUf ÷ªvBK c×wZ cÖ_g eënvi K‡iwQj| hv RvwZmsN PvU©vi

AvwU©‡Kj-2 Gi †mKkvb-4 Gi my¯úó jsNb| cvwK¯—vb wegvbevwnbxi IB A‰bwZK AvPi‡Yi Rev‡e fviZxq wegvbevwnbx Bb÷vÛ cÖ¯‘wZ ïi“ Ki‡jv| AvMÖvi ZvRgnj i¶v Kivi R‡b¨ †MvUv ZvRgnj‡K ZLb fviZxq wegvbevwnbx Zvey Ges Mv‡Qi cvZv w`‡q †X‡K w`‡jv| KviY iv‡Z ZvRgn‡ji gv‡e©j cv_i P›`ª wKi‡Y Lye R¡jR¡j K‡i| fviZxq wegvbevwnbxi Zvr¶wYK cÖ¯‘wZi Kvi‡Y cvwK¯—vb wegvbevwnbxi 50 wU hy× wegvb fvi‡Zi Af¨š—‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i †Zgb †Kv‡bv ¶wZmvab Ki‡Z cvi‡jv bv| IB Avµg‡bi K‡qK NÈvi g‡a¨B fviZxq wegvbevwnbx ¶wZMÖ¯’ Gqvi †cvU© ¸‡jv †givgZ Ki‡Z Ges †mLvb †_‡K fviZxq hy× wegvb Iov‡Z m¶g nq| fviZxq wegvbevwnbx ZLb 4000 hy× wegvb AvKv‡k Iovq| hv ciw`b mKvj bvMv` cvwK¯—vb wegvbevwnbxi ¶gZv‡K bm¨vr K‡i †`q| c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b cvwK¯—v‡bi 14 ¯‹qvWªb cy‡ivcywi aŸsm n‡q hvq| XvKv wegvbe›ì cy‡ivcywi aŸsm nq Ges c~e© cvwK¯—vb †_‡K cvwK¯—v‡bi †Kv‡bv hy× wegvb Iov‡bvi ¶gZv †kl n‡q hvq| IB mgq cvwK¯—vbx †mbvevwnbx fvi‡Zi I‡q÷vb© d«‡›UI K‡qK RvqMvq nvgjv K‡iwQj| fviZxq †mbvevwnbx Zvr¶wYK ZrciZvq Zvi †gv¶g Reve w`‡qwQj| fviZxq †mbvevwnbx ZLb cvwK¯—v‡bi 5,500 eM©gvBj ev 14,000 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi GjvKv `Lj Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| fviZxq †mbvevwnbx ZLb †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡ivivi †bZ…©‡Z¡ evOvwj gyw³evwnbxi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡q wgÎevwnbx MVb K‡i| wgÎevwnbxi mvovwk wegvb nvgjvq XvKvq cvKevwnbx Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ ch©y`¯— n‡q hvq| Iw`‡K fviZxq †bŠevwnbx cvK †bŠevwnbx‡K e‡½vcmvM‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`qwb| Ggb wK fviZxq wegvbevwnbxi nvgjvq KivPx †bŠe›`‡i cvK †bŠevwnbxi e¨vcK ¶wZmvwaZ nq| cvwK¯—vb †_‡K XvKvi m‡½ me ai‡bi wegvb †hvMv‡hvM eÜ n‡q hvq| KviY fviZxq wegvbevwnbx fvi‡Zi AvKvk mxgv cvK wegv‡bi Rb¨ wmj K‡i w`‡qwQj| cvK †bŠevwnbxI ZLb PÆMÖvg e›`‡i †Kv‡bv ai‡bi mvnvh¨ w`‡Z e¨_© nw”Qj| Zvi Dci fviZxq wegvbevwnbx gyn~gûy© nvgjv Avi gyw³evwnbxi wbiwew”Qbœ †Mwijv nvgjvq c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cvK †mbvevwnbxi ZLb Îvwn Îvwn Ae¯’v| fviZxq †bŠevwnbx fvBm GWwgivj †Kvnjxi †bZ…©‡Z¡ 4 I 5 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j KiPx‡Z cvwK¯—vb †bŠevwnbxi kw³gvÎv m¤ú~Y© ¸wo‡q †èvi R‡b¨ cwiPvjbv K‡i Acv‡ikvb wUª‡W›U| IB nvgjvq cvwK¯—vb †bŠevwnbxi †WmUªqvi wcGbGm LvBevi, gvBb myBcvi wcGbGm gvnwdR I wcGbGm kvn‡Rnvb e¨vWwj W¨v‡gR nq| 720 Rb cvK †bŠ †mbv wbnZ nq| cvwK¯—vbx wiRvf© dz‡qj aŸsm nq| K‡qK †kv

evwYwR¨K RvnvRI IB nvgjvq ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq| †h¸‡jv ZLb cvK †bŠevwnbx‡K mnvqZv KiwQj| Acv‡ikvb wUª‡W›U mdj nIqvq 8 I 9 wW‡m¤î iv‡Z fviZxq †bŠevwnbx cwiPvjbv K‡i Acv‡ikvb cvB_b| fviZxq †bŠevwnbxi i‡KU evwnZ U‡b©‡Wv †evU IB mgq KivPxi iv¯—vq nvgjv Pvwj‡q dz‡qj U¨vsKmn KivPx nve©v‡ii wZbwU evwYwR¨K dz‡qj RvnvR aŸsm K‡i †`q| Iw`‡K fvi‡Zi c~e© d«‡›U fvBm GWwgivj K…òv‡bi †bZ…©‡Z¡ BwÛqvb B÷vb© †bfvj KgvÛ e‡½vcmvM‡i k³ cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjvi cvkvcvwk e¨vwi‡KW m„wó K‡i| cvK †bŠevwnbxi cvVv‡bv mve‡gwib wcGbGm MvRx ZLb welvLv cÆg †Rv‡b fviZxq †bŠevwnbxi Gqvi µvdU AvBGbGm wfKi‡š—i wm nvK¡ I †WmUªqvi AvBGbGm ivRcy‡Ui Avµg‡b evavMÖ¯’ nq| 9 wW‡m¤î cvK †bŠevwnbx cvK mvg‡gwib wcGbGm nv½‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Avie mvM‡i fviZxq †bŠevwnbxi wd«‡MU AvBGbGm KzKwii e¨vcK ¶wZmvab Ki‡Z m¶g nq| IB nvgjvq fviZxq †bŠevwnbxi 18 Rb Awdmvi I 176 Rb ˆmb¨ wbnZ nq| wKš‘ fviZxq †bŠevwnbxi Avµg‡b PÆMÖvg I K·evRv‡i cvK †bŠevwnbxi 7 wU Mvb‡evU, 1 wU gvBb myBcvi, 2 wU †WmUªqvi, 3 wU †c‡Uªvj µvdU I 18 wU Kv‡M©v m¤ú~Y© aŸsm nq| GQvov cvK †bŠevwnbxi 1900 m`m¨ ZLb wbnZ nq Ges 1413 Rb mvwf©mg¨vb fviZxq †bŠevwnbxi Kv‡Q aiv c‡i| Avi PÆMÖvg e›`‡ii wbqš¿Y MÖnb K‡i fviZxq †bŠevwnbx| 16 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j cvK †mbvevwnbxi c~e©vÂ‡ji KgvÛvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij GG‡K wbqvRx 93,000 cvwK¯—vbx ˆmb¨ mn XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wgÎevwnbxi cÖavb fvi‡Zi †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡ivivi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡ib| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i c‡i hv †Kv‡bv cÖwkw¶Z †mbvevwnbxi me‡P‡q eo AvZ¥mgc©Y| †MvUv cvwK¯—v‡b cvK †mbv‡ì AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi Le‡i Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi mvgwiK miKv‡ii wei“‡× cvwK¯—vbx mvaviY RbZv ZLb duy‡m I‡V| †kl ch©š— 20 wW‡m¤î 1971 mv‡j †Rbv‡ij AvMv †gvnv¤§` Bqvwnqv Lvb cvwK¯—vb wccjm cvwU©i †bZv RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Ævi Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯—vš—i K‡ib Ges †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb‡K nvDR G¨v‡i÷ Kiv nq| e½eÜz †kL gywRe ZLb cvwK¯—v‡b cvK †mbv‡ì we‡kl KvivMv‡i e›`x wQ‡jb| cvK †mbv‡ì RvM eªvÂ (RvR G¨vW‡fv‡KU †Rbv‡ij eªvÂ)-Gi wePviK weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij iwngDÏxb Lvb †kL gywRe‡K Gi Av‡M g„Zz¨`Ê †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb| 2 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi bZzb †cÖwm‡W›U RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv †Rbv‡ij ¸j nvmvb‡K bZzb †mbvcÖavb wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM †`b| fy‡Æv ZLb Avš—©RvwZK gn‡ji Pv‡c we‡kl KvivMvi †_‡K 8 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j e½eÜz

†kL gywRe‡K gyw³ †`b| e½eÜz cvwK¯—vb Gqvi jvB‡Ýi GKwU we‡kl wegv‡b ZLb KivPx †_‡K jÛb hvb| †mLv‡b wZwb weªwUk cÖavbgš¿x GWIqvW© wn‡_i m‡½ êVK K‡ib Ges Avš—©RvwZK wgwWqvi m‡½ gZ wewbgq K‡ib| Zvici 10 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j weªwUk iq¨vj Gqvi †dv‡m©i we‡kl wegv‡b mivmwi w`j−x Av‡mb| w`j−x wegvb e›`‡i fvi‡Zi †cÖwm‡W›U wfwf wMwi I cÖavbgš¿x kªxgZx Bw›ìv MvÜx Zuv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| w`j−x wegvbe›`‡i fviZxq RbM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvlY †k‡l e½eÜz weªwUk iq¨vj Gqvi †dv‡m©i IB we‡kl wegv‡b XvKv †cuŠQvb| nvRvi nvRvi evOvwj Zv‡ì cÖvYwcÖq †bZv‡K XvKv wegvbe›`‡i ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q mivmwi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wb‡q hvb| †mLv‡b wZwb Av‡eM Avc−Z y e³…Zv K‡ib Ges `xN© bq gv‡mi hy‡× 30 jvL knx` I 2 jvL gv †ev‡bi B¾‡Zi wewbg‡q cvIqv ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ mKj evOvwj‡K abëv` Rvbvb| 2 RyjvB 1972 mv‡j fvi‡Zi wkgjv kn‡i fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›ìv MvÜx I cvwK¯—v‡bi †cÖwm‡W›U RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡Æv 25 eQ‡ii R‡b¨ kvwš— Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡ib| wkgjv kvwš— Pzw³ Abymv‡i cvwK¯—vb fvi‡Zi †Rj †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× AvZ¥mgc©YKvix 90,368 Rb civwRZ ˆmb¨‡K cieZ©x 5 gv‡mi g‡a¨ cvwK¯—v‡b †diZ †b‡e| Ges 1971 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤î †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤î ch©š— cvK-fviZ hy‡× cvwK¯—v‡bi R¤^y Kvk¥xi mxgv‡š— fviZ †h 5,500 eM©gvBj cvK GjvKv `Lj K‡iwQj Zv cvwK¯—vb‡K †diZ †èvi wm×vš— nq| GQvov IB Pzw³ Abyhvqx cieZ©x 30 eQi Dfq †`k Kvk¥xi mxgv‡š— wPR dvqvi eÜ Kivi †NvlYv †`q| P. XvKvq cvK †mbv‡ì AvZ¥mgc©Y 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î 93 nvRvi cvwK¯—vbx †mbv wb‡q cvK c~e©vÂ‡ji KgvÛvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij GG‡K wbqvRx wgÎevwnbxi KgvÛvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡ivivi Kv‡Q XvKvi HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡ib| mviv we‡k¦i wgwWqv Ges Dcw¯’Z jv‡Lv RbZv evsjv‡`‡ki †mB HwZnvwmK weRq gv‡n›`ª ¶YwU cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib| XvKv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b Abyôv‡b inm¨RbKfv‡e gyw³evwnbxi AwabvqK †Rbv‡ij AvZvDj Mwb Imgvbx Abycw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wecix‡Z gyw³evwnbxi c‡¶ †WcywU wPd Ae ÷vd G †K L›`Kvi Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wKš‘ cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx AvZ¥mgc©b K‡iwQj wgÎevwnbxi cÖavb fvi‡Zi c~e©vÂjxq KgvÛvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij RMwRr wms A‡ivivÕi Kv‡Q| nq‡Zv 30 jvL knx‡ì i³ †_‡K we‡ùvwiZ †¶vf cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi 93 nvRvi †mbv m`m¨‡ì wbivcËv AwbwðZ Ki‡Zv|

fviZxq c¶ nq‡Zv †mB wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx‡K AvZ¥mgc©b Abyôv‡b Abycw¯’Z †i‡LwQ‡jb| 3 jvL gv-†ev‡bi B¾¡Z I mågnvbx, al©Y, wbh©vZb, wbwcob I AZ¨vPvi †_‡K we‡ùvwiZ Av‡µv‡ki f‡q nq‡Zv cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx fvi‡Zi KvQ †_‡K AvZ¥mgc©‡bi Av‡M wb‡R‡ì wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| bZzev †Rbv‡ij ImgvbxÕi †nwjKvÞvi KjKvZv †_‡K XvKv bv G‡m wm‡jU hvevi inm¨ wK? evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× cvK †mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b Abyôv‡bi †kl gyn~‡Z©i GB bvU‡Ki AvR ch©š— †Kvb e¨vL¨v Avgiv Rvwbbv| nq‡Zv ZLb †_‡KB exi gyw³‡hv×v‡ì AvZ¥Z¨vM‡K Lv‡Uv Kivi bxj bKkvÕiI hvÎv ïi“| cvwK¯—vbx‡ì AvZ¥mgc©‡Yi IB HwZnvwmK `wjjwUi Lmov iPbv K‡ib fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi c~e©vÂ‡ji wPd Ae ÷vd †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij †RGdAvi R¨vKe| XvKvq cvK Avwg©‡ì AvZ¥mgc©Y Abyôv‡b †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij †RGdAvi R¨vKeI Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| Text of the Instrument:“The PAKISTAN Eastern Command agree to surrender all PAKISTAN Armed Forces in BANGLA DESH to LieutenantGeneral JAGJIT SINGH AURORA, General Officer Commanding in Chief of the Indian and BANGLA DESH forces in the Eastern Theatre. This surrender includes all PAKISTAN land, air and naval forces as also all para-military forces and civil armed forces. These forces will lay down their arms and surrender at the places where they are currently located to the nearest regular troops under the command of LieutenantGeneral JAGJIT SINGH AURORA. The PAKISTAN Eastern Command shall come under the orders of Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA as soon as the instrument has been signed. Disobedience of orders will be regarded as a breach of the surrender terms and will be dealt with in accordance with the accepted laws and usages of war. The decision of Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA will be final, should any doubt arise as to the meaning or interpretation of the surrender terms.

Lieutenant-General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA gives a solemn assurance that personnel who surrender shall be treated with dignity and respect that soldiers are entitled to in accordance with provisions of the GENEVA Convention and guarantees the safety and well-being of all PAKISTAN military and paramilitary forces who surrender. Protection will be provided to foreign nationals, ethnic minorities and personnel of WEST PAKISTAN origin by the forces under the command of Lieutenant- General JAGJIT SINGH AURORA." Signed by J.S. Aurora and A.A.K. Niazi on 16 December 1971. gyw³hy‡×i †k‡li w`‡Ki wKQz NUbv Avwg †iwWI‡Z ïb‡Z cvwiwb| hv Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi c‡o eyS‡Z cvijvg| KviY ZLb Avgvi †Kv‡j wQj w`kvb| mviv¶Y †QvÆ w`kvb‡K wb‡q ZLb Avgvi e¨¯— mgq KvUwQj| w`kv‡bi R‡b¥i ci w`kv‡bi evev e‡jwQj, hy‡× Aek¨B Avgv‡ì Rq n‡e| Avi GB †Q‡jB Avgv‡ì hy× R‡qi cÖZxK| 27. GKRb µv‡Pi K‡b©j Avey Zv‡ni `vev †Ljvq Iiv †h Kx gRv cvq Avgvi gv_vq Av‡m bv| †m‡Rv RvgvB Av°vm gv‡b i“byi ei Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z †eov‡Z Avm‡jB Avi K_v †bB| Agwb `vev wb‡q e‡m hvq Ckvb Avi Av°vm| mviv w`b `yB Rb †QvÆ GKUv kv`v-Kv‡jv †PŠKv gvK©v KvM‡Ri †LvU wewQ‡q kv`v Kv‡jv wgwj‡q 64 wU NywU wb‡q PzcPvc e‡m _v‡K| KL‡bv †kvbv hvq wKw¯—| KL‡bv †kvbv hvq wKw¯— gv_| †KvbUvi Kx gv‡b Avwg eywS bv| GB †Ljvq Avevi ivRv gš¿x nvwZ †Nvov †bŠKv ˆmb¨ GBmeI bvwK Av‡Q! I‡ì g‡a¨ ZK©Uv ïi“ nq Pvj †diZ †bIqv wb‡q| ZK© †k‡l Avev‡iv NywU mvwR‡q PzcPvc †Lj‡Z e‡m Iiv| KL‡bv Avevi iv‡Zi †ejvq †nwi‡K‡bi Av‡jv‡Z e‡m mviv ivZ `vev †L‡j Iiv| PzcPvc †h †Ljv †mB †Ljvq †Kv‡bv Avb›` Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq bv Avgvi| Zey Ckvb Avi Av°vm IB †Ljvq mgq †c‡jB gË nq| KL‡bv Zviv bvIqv LvIqv †Q‡o GB †Ljv wb‡q c‡i _v‡K| AvR Avevi mÜ¨v †_‡K e‡m‡Q Iiv `vev †Lj‡Z| mevi Kv‡QB ïwb, Ckvb bvwK Lye fv‡jv `vev †L‡j| wKš‘ KL‡bv KL‡bv Av°vm bvwK Ckvb‡K nvivq| Avi Ckvb GKevi nvi‡jv gv‡b Av°vm bv nviv ch©š— †Ljv eÜ n‡e bv| i“by Avgvi cv‡k ï‡q Av‡¯— Av‡¯— ej‡jv, AvR Iiv gvivgvwiI

Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| j¶Y †ewk fv‡jv bv, gv| Zzwg I‡ì †Ljv eÜ Ki‡Z e‡jv| †Ljvq Rq civRq bv nIqv ch©š— †Ljvi gvSLv‡b Iiv †h DV‡e bv Zv AvwgI Rvwb| ZvB i“byi K_vq Zvj w`jvg bv| c‡i i“byi K_vB mwZ¨ n‡jv| ivZ `yBUvi w`‡K `yÕR‡b gvivgvwi jvM‡jv| I‡ì gvivgvwi eÜ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Avwg `vevi †LvU wQ‡o †djjvg| c‡ii w`b Avevi kv`v KvM‡R QK †K‡U `vev †Ljv ïi“ K‡i‡Q `yÕRb| i“by Gevi eyw× cvwK‡q I‡ì GKUv Kv‡jv †Nvov jywK‡q ivL‡jv| hv‡Z NywUi Afv‡e †Ljv eÜ _v‡K| wKš‘ Iiv †Nvov bv †c‡q weKí wn‡m‡e wkwki GKUv KK© w`‡q †Nvov evwb‡q wVKB `vev †L‡j hv‡”Q| †Ljv wKQz‡ZB eÜ nq bv| c‡ii w`b †`Lv †Mj Av‡iv GKUv kv`v †Nvov †bB| wKš‘ Iiv †Ljv eÜ bv K‡i Avev‡iv kv`v †Nvov evwb‡q‡Q Kj‡gi gyL w`‡q| Zvici †Kv‡bv GKw`b wPZjgvix ev gvwUfv½v ev kªxivgKvwV †_‡K Avevi Iiv `vevi †LvU wK‡b Avb‡jv| Avi Pj‡Z _vK‡jv I‡ì IB PzcPvc †Ljv| Ckvb wbi“‡Ïk nevi ci Av°vm Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z Avm‡j w`kvb‡K wb‡q `vev †L‡j GLb| wKš‘ I‡ì †Ljv Avi PzcPvc _v‡K bv| bvbv ai‡bi ûgwKi K_v _v‡K †mLv‡b| evRxI cvZvq Iiv| †K nvi‡jv †K wRZ‡jv †evSv hvq bv| c‡i i“by Avgvi Kv‡Q bvwjk †`qÑ Ii f¨vwbwU e¨vM †_‡K bvKx wZb‡kv UvKv †Lvqv †M‡Q| Avwg PzcPvc ïwb| Avi cv‡k ivLv Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwiUv Lz‡j co‡Z _vwKÑ GKRb µv‡Pi K‡b©j Avey Zv‡ni| 1938 mv‡ji 14 b‡f¤î fvi‡Zi Avmvg iv‡Rï eìcy‡i K‡b©j Avey Zv‡ni Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| c‡i Zuvi cwievi evsjv‡`‡ki †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvi c~e©ajvi KvRjv MÖv‡g emevm ïi“ K‡i| 1959 mv‡j wm‡jU Ggwm K‡jR †_‡K Avey Zv‡ni D”P gva¨wgK cvk K‡ib| Gici wZwb wKQzw`b PÆMÖv‡gi wg‡iikivB‡q `yMv© cyi nvB¯‹z‡j wk¶KZv K‡ib| c‡i wZwb 1960 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q mgvRKj¨vb I M‡elYv wel‡q fwZ© nb| 1960 mv‡j wZwb cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges 1961 mv‡j Kwgkb jvf K‡ib| c‡i wZwb 1965 mv‡j cvK †mbvevwnbxi GwjU †¯úkvj mvwf©m MÖ“‡c (Kgv‡Ûv MÖ“c) †hvM †`b| GB mgq wZwb fviZ cvwK¯—vb hy‡× Kvk¥xi †m±i I wkqvj‡KvU †m±‡i hy× K‡ib| hy‡×i ci 1969 mv‡j wZwb †Mwijv hy‡×i Dci D”PZi cÖwk¶Y wb‡Z hy³iv‡óª Mgb K‡ib| IB mgq wZwb hy³iv‡óªi †dvU© eªvM I †dvU© †ewbs‡q †Mwijv hy‡×i Dci D”PZi cÖwk¶Y MÖnb K‡ib| Zvici 1970 mv‡j wZwb †Kv‡qUv ÷vd K‡j‡R e`wj nb| 1971 mv‡ji 25 RyjvB cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx †_‡K K‡b©j Zv‡ni Av‡iv K‡qKRb evOvwj †mbv‡K wb‡q cvwK¯—v‡bi cwðg mxgv‡š—i Av‡evUvev` †_‡K cvwj‡q fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib| c‡i wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki iscy‡i 11 bs †m±‡ii KgvwÛs‡qi `vwqZ¡

cvjb K‡ib| 11 bs †m±‡ii Aax‡b wQj e„nËi gqgbwmsn, Uv½vBj I iscyi †Rjv| K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii †bZ…©Z¡vaxb 11 bs †m±i cÖ_g cvK Avwg©i wei“‡× XvKv Awfgy‡L Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| 1971 mv‡ji 14 b‡f¤î K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii 33Zg Rb¥w`‡b Kgjcy‡i cvK †mbvevwnbxi wei“‡× GK m¤§yL hy‡× cvK †mbv‡ì †m‡ji AvNv‡Z K‡b©j Zv‡ni ¸i“Zi AvnZ nb| G‡Z wZwb Zuvi Wvb cv cy‡ivcywi nvivb| c‡i fvi‡Zi cy‡b kn‡i Zuvi cv G¤úy‡U‡UW Kiv nq| ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× ex‡ivwPZ Ae`v‡bi R‡b¨ K‡b©j Zv‡ni‡K exi DËg Dcvax (RxweZ ˆmwbK‡ì m‡e©v”P Dcvax) †Ìqv nq| wPwKrmv †k‡l 1972 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m K‡b©j Zv‡ni †`‡k wd‡i G‡m GWRy‡U›U †Rbv‡ij wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`b| GB mgq Zuv‡K c‡`vbœwZ w`‡q †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j Kiv nq| 1972 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m Zuv‡K 44 B÷ †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui (c`vwZK wWwfkv‡bi) AwabvqK K‡i Kzwgj−vq cvVv‡bv nq| wKš‘ K‡b©j Zv‡ni mgvRZvwš¿K g‡š¿ w`w¶Z nIqvq Ges Pxbv †mbvevwnbxi Av`‡j evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx MV‡bi †Póv Pvjv‡j miKv‡ii m‡½ we‡iv‡ai †Ri ¯îƒc 1972 mv‡ji 22 †m‡Þ¤î wZwb †mbvevwnbx †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib| Ges RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j ev Rvm‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii c`Z¨vcÎwU n‡jv GBÑ To The Honourable President People’s Republic of Bangladesh (Through proper channel) Sub: RESIGNATION Sir, I received commission in the Pakistan army in 1961 and was employed there till I left the same on 25th July, 1971 and came to India after crossing the border. After crossing the border I took part in the liberation struggle and started work after getting responsibility of sector no. 11 as a sector commander. I was wounded on 14th Nov, 1971 in a frontal battle and was

taken in a hospital of India where I had to stay until April, 1972. After coming back to Bangladesh, I was appointed as the adjutant general in the GHQ of Bangladesh army. After two months, I was transferred from the general headquarter and was appointed as the commander of 44th brigade. Now the army chief of the staff is telling me to take up the responsibility as the D.D.P. I have no further intention to be in the service of Bangladesh army and desire to be relieved for the following reasons: (A) When I joined the liberation struggle in the first part of Aug, 1971, I saw that the freedom fighters are advancing the liberation struggle in the midst of various difficulties. But the representatives of the people like M.N.A.s and M.P.s were staying at a safe distance from the liberation struggle and did not in any way help to expand the battle. They were even discussing that they only wanted provincial autonomy and not freedom. Many such representatives became hated persons amongst the freedom fighters and I always advised the freedom fighters not to be harsh to the M.N.A.s and M.P.s for these types of representatives would get no opportunity to lead the people after attainment of freedom. It is probably for this reason that the provisional government formed in Mujibnagar entered into a humiliating, secret treaty with India and got India’s armed assistance for freedom to catapult them to power in future. When everything was ready by the freedom fighters only then did the Indian army entered Bangladesh and plundered her wealth. In this very way the provisional government betrayed the freedom fighters and the people. In this connection I am referring the article of Col. Ziauddin ‘Hidden Price’ published in the paper Holiday. I am even ready to accept the proposition that our prime –minister Bangabandhu shall amend the treaty and advance the revolution for the progress and development of the country.

I envisaged that we would build a glorious army for Bangladesh. I served in an army which stays in barrack and understand how dangerous can such a barrack army be for a less developed nation. As the Pakistan army had no relation with the masses, it could enforce a rule of terror in Bangladesh with its autocratic type of governance which finally destroyed the country. I started my work with the idea of building a productive, pro-people army which would act as an instrument of effective development of the country. But unfortunately, the chief of the army staff and also some high ranking officers did never render any assistance or encouragement for my idea. I could never reach in unity of opinion with the chief of the army staff in this fundamental issue. (B) The prime minister wanted sincerely that I should go abroad for my treatment. When I was preparing to go abroad, I came to know that some officers of the army along with a member of the cabinet was trying to stage a coup de tát taking the opportunity of the absence of prime-minister from the country. (The chief of the army staff has appraised the prime minister already about the conspiracy).I then thought I should postpone my tour till the return of the prime minister. Far from taking any action against the conspirators, the chief of the army staff has told me to relinquish the command of 44th brigade and take the responsibility of D.D.P. instead. I feel that the conspiracy is still going on and many others are associated with that. This type of usurpation of power goes, in general, against the hopes and aspirations of the people and it must be stopped. If no action is taken against the persons associated with the conspiracy, then the goodwill of the army will be sullied and in that case it is not possible on my part to work in the army. I took part in the liberation struggle not as an officer of the Pakistan army but as a freedom fighter. I think that is very prestigious for me. The interest of the people is supreme to me. I want to go back to the people after leaving

the army. I shall tell the people, who were with me during liberation struggle, what ominous things are approaching them. I shall be obliged if my resignation letter is accepted. Yours most obediently Lt. Col. M. A .Taher Commander, 44th Brigade The 22nd September, 1972 Kumilla Cantonment 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ e½eÜz †kL gywRe mcwiev‡i wbnZ n‡j cieZ©x wZb mßv‡ni UvjgvUvj mg‡qi g‡a¨ K‡b©j Zv‡ni evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi bb Kwgkb Awdmvi I mvaviY ˆmwbK‡ì gw¯—‡¯‹ mgvRZvwš¿K Avwg©i aviYv cyk K‡ib| hv 1975 mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤î evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi wmwbqi Avwg© Awdmvi‡ì wei“‡× mvaviY ˆmwbK‡ì we‡`ªvn Ki‡Z Dm‡K †`q| IB mgq weª‡MwWqvi †Rbv‡ij Lv‡j` †gvkviid †gvkZvK miKv‡ii wei“‡× i³cvZnxb Afy¨Ìvb K‡ib Ges †mbvcÖavb wRqv‡K e›`x K‡ib| K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii `ywZqvjx‡Z c‡i Lv‡j` †gvkviid wRqv‡K gy³ Ki‡jI mvaviY wmcvnx‡ì †Kvcvb‡j c‡ob ¯^qs Lv‡j` †gvkviid| 7 b‡f¤î 1975 mv‡j K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii †bZ…©‡Z¡ Rvm`, wec−ex MYevwnbx I wec−ex ˆmwbK ms¯’vi D‡`¨v‡M wmcvnx RbZvi Afy¨Ìvb AbywôZ nq| Lv‡j` †gvkviid cÖ_‡g e›`x nb Ges c‡i Zuv‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| wKš‘ eÜziƒcx NvZK wRqv †mB Afy¨Ìvb evbPvj K‡i †mbvcÖavb wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K Dc mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK †NvlYv K‡ib| wRqv wePvicwZ mv‡qg‡K ZLb cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK evbvb| c‡i wRqv my¯úófv‡e †eCgvbx K‡ib K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii m‡½| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GwU GKwU Pig †eCgvbxi my¯úó D`vniY| †mbvevwnbxi g‡a¨ mgvRZvwš¿K gZev` Qwo‡q †Ìqvi Awf‡hv‡M cieZ©x‡Z wRqv K‡b©j Zv‡ni‡K 1975 mv‡ji 24 b‡f¤î †MÖdZvi K‡ib| mvgwiK †KvU© gvk©v‡ji cÖnm‡bi wePv‡ii gva¨‡g 1976 mv‡ji 21 RyjvB †cÖwm‡W›U wRqv K‡b©j Zv‡ni‡K duvwm †`b| 2011 mv‡ji 22 gvP© gnvgvb¨ Av`vjZ mvgwiK †KvU© gvk©v‡j K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii duvwm‡K cwiKwíZ nZ¨v e‡j ivq w`‡q‡Qb| duvwmi 3 w`b Av‡M 18 RyjvB 1976 mv‡j

XvKv †K›`ªxq KvivMvi †_‡K cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Kv‡Q K‡b©j Zv‡n‡ii †jLv †kl wPwVÑ Dacca Central Jail 18th July 1976 Respected Father, Mother, my dearest Lutfa, Bhaijan, My brothers and sisters, Yesterday afternoon the tribunal announced its verdict against us. I have been sentenced to death. Bhaijan and Major Jalil were sentenced to life imprisonment. All their property will be confiscated. Anwar, Inu, Rab, and Major Zia were given ten years rigorous imprisonment and a penlty each of ten thousand takas. Saleha and Rabiul have been given five years rigorous improsonment and fines of five thousand takas each. Thirteen others including Dr. Akhlaqur, Mahmood the journalist and Manna have been st free. At the very last moment the tribunal proclaimed my death sentence; and in great haste they left the court like dog in flight. Mahmood suddenly broke into tears. When I tried I tried to comfort him he said, “I am crying because a Bengali could have the audacity to pass a sentence on Colonel Taher.” Meanwhile, Saleha withdrew to the restroom and broke down in tears. When I called to her saying, “I don’t ever expect such weakness from you,” she said, “these are not tears. This is laughter.” What a wonderful vision of laughter are the tears of this sister of mine. I met her first here in the prison’s courtroom. I have such admiration for her. What nation can produce a sister like her? Among those convicted there was only a single lament: why had they not also sentenced to death? Suddenly there were cries from all quarters of this jai house. Defiant and ever louder: “Taher Bhai! Red Salute! Lal Salam!” Can these high walls hold back this cry? Will not the echoes of this call reach into the hearts of the people of this country?

Our lawyers were stunned at the announcement of the verdict. They came and told me that, although there is no appeal from this tribunal, they would issue a writ to the Supreme Court. The entire workings and procedure of the tribunal had been unconstitutional and illegal. They said that simultaneously they would issue an appeal to the president. Then I made it clear to them that no such appeal was to be issued. We had installed this president and I would not petition for my life from these traitors. Everyone wanted to hear me speak a few words. Meanwhile, the prison authorities were becoming eager to separate us. I said, “when I am alone, fear and selfish desire for life attack me from all sides. But when I am with you, all fear and selfishness leave me. I become brave and I can see myself with all the strength and courage of the revolution. An invincible calmness determined to overcome all obstacles enter into me. We want to sacrifice the isolation of our separate existences and find our true expression among the people– that is what our struggle is for.” They are all leaving, bidding good-bye one by one. Their eyes wet. We have spent quite a while together. Who knows when we shall meet again? Saleha will go with me. Bhaijan and Anwar show me a stoic calmness. But I know them. This is an act for my benefit. Belal’s eyes are strangely luminous – it is as if they are on the verge of breaking into tears. Jalil, Rab, and Zia firmly embrace me. This is a bond that binds us to the entire nation. A bond which no one can break. They have left. All of them. Saleha and I come out together. She goes to cell. As I pass, prisoners and political detainees peer out with eager eyes from behind the doors and windows of their locked cells. Matin Sahib, Tipu Biswas, and the others raise their hands in the sign of victory. This trial has united the revolutionaries almost without their knowledge. I was taken to cell number 8. it is the cell assigned to prisoners who are to be hanged. It the cells adjacent to mine there are

three other victims for the gallows. It is a small cell. Quite clean. It is all right. When standing face to face with death, I turn to look back on my life and find nothing to be ashamed of. I see many events, which unite me irrevocably to our people. Can I have a greater joy or happiness than this? Nitu, Jishu and Mishu … everyone comes crowding into my memory. I have not left behind any wealth or property for then, but our entire nation is there for their future. We have seen thousands of naked children deprived of love and affection. We wanted a home them. Is this dawn too distant for the Bengali people? No, it is not too far off. The sun is about to rise. I have given my blood for the creation of this country. And now I shall give my life. Let this illuminate and infuse new strength into the souls of our people. What greater reward could there be for me? No one can kill me. I live in the midst of the masses. My pulse beats in their pulse. If I am to be killed, the entire people must also be killed. What force can do that? None. This morning’s paper just came in. they have published the news of my death sentence and the sentences of the rest on the front page. The description of the proceedings that has been published is entirely false. It has been alleged during the trial and on the evidence of state witnesses that the Sepoy Revolution of the 7th November occurred under my leadership. This I do not deny. Yet, the papers do not mention this nor that it was under my orders that Ziaur Rahman was released. It was we who installed the present government in its place of authority only to be betrayed. During the entire trial there was no reference whatsoever of the Kader Bahini. It is my ardent hope that our lawyers Ataur Rahman, Zulmat Ali, and all others who were present will expose the secret behind this trial and protest its false propaganda. I do not fear death. Zia is a traitor and a conspirator and has had to take refuge in lies to discredit me before the people. Tell Ataur

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Av›`vgvb I wb‡Kvei Øxccy‡Ä ¸wo ¸wo e„wó Avi evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM wKQzUv ev‡o| m~h© IVvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mgy`ª †h‡bv Av‡iv Avb›` cvq g‡b| mKvj †_‡KB †_‡g †_‡g `gKv nvIqv Avi evZv‡mi NyY©b evo‡Z _v‡K| gvbyl wKQzUv Dcjwä Kivi †Póv K‡i mgy‡`ªi Avevi wK n‡jv? Zey mgy`ª‡K fy‡j _vK‡Z cQ›` gvby‡li| gvbyl KvRKg© wb‡q e¨¯— n‡q hvq| `ycy‡ii ci †_‡K gvby‡li G‡Zv jvMvgnxb D‡c¶v mgy‡`ªi Avi fv‡jv jv‡M bv| †m ax‡i ax‡i Av‡iv duym‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l †ejv mv‡o PviUvi w`‡K fvi‡Zi `¨ BwÛqvb †g‡UªvjwRK¨vj wWcvU©‡g›U ev AvBGgwW †NvlYv K‡i †h, Av›`vgvb Øxccy‡Äi KvQvKvwQ mgy‡`ª GKUv `ye©j NyY©S‡oi j¶Y †`Lv hvq| `ye©j GB NyY©So‡K AvBGgwW weIwe 09 bv‡g AvL¨v †`q| AvBGgwWi GB AvenvIqvi c~e©vfv‡l bRi`vix K‡i Av‡gwiKvi `¨ R‡q›U UvBdzb Iqvwb©s †m›Uvi ev †RwUWwe−Dwm| Zviv GUvi MwZ‡eM gvcvi †Póv K‡i| mvwdi wm¤úmb †¯‹j Abyhvqx, Zv NÈvq 65 wKwg ev 40 gvBj aiv c‡i| †RwUWwe−Dwm GB jNygvÎvi NywY©So‡K UªwcK¨vj mvB‡K¬vb 06we bvg †`q| Zviv Av‡iv Rvbvq †h, NywY©SowU AZ¨š— ax‡i ax‡i DËi-cwð‡g AvMÖmi n‡”Q| Avi NywY©SowUi †K‡›`ª evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM Av‡iv evo‡Z cv‡i e‡jI Zviv c~e©vfvl †`q| mgy`ª bvP‡Z _v‡K| gvbyl wKQzB eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| N. 12 b‡f¤^i 2007 Lye mKv‡j AvBGgwW AvenvIqvi c~e©vfv‡l ûwkqvwi D”PviY K‡i †h, Av›`vgvb I wb‡Kvei Øxccy‡Ä m„ó NywY©SowU Lye ax‡i ax‡i mej n‡”Q| GB mgq mgy`ª wKQzUv DËvj _vK‡e| Avi gvQaiv Uªjvi¸‡jv‡K mveav‡b Pjv‡div Kivi Dc‡`k †`q Zviv| h‡Zv †ejv evo‡Z _v‡K Z‡Zv †h‡bv mgy‡`ªi bvPb Av‡iv Zxeª nq| mgy`ª AvR Avi Kv‡iv K_v ïb‡e bv| †m gnv ¶u¨vcv †¶u‡c‡Q| GKUv wKQz Zvi †`Lv‡bv †h‡bv PvB| mgy‡`ªi bvPb h‡Zv ev‡o gvby‡li g‡b Z‡Zv f‡qi AvZsK Qovq| Avevi wKQz¶Y c‡i Zv gb †_‡K DavI n‡q hvq| mgy‡`ªi bvP‡bi mv‡_ gvby‡li g‡bvRvMwZK GKUv m¤ú‡K©i †hvMm~Î ¯’vwcZ nq| mgy`ª‡K Gevi gvbyl GKUz n‡jI †h‡bv gv_vq †bq| wKQz GKUv †h n‡Z hv‡”Q Zv gvbyl GKUz n‡jI Av›`vR Kivi †Póv K‡i| wKš‘ IB †h gvby‡li ¯^fve n‡jv wKQz¶Y c‡i Zv Avevi fy‡j hvIqv| mgy‡`ªi bvP‡bi K_vI Zviv fy‡j hvq| K‡g© e¨¯— n‡q hvq gvbyl| bvP‡b e¨¯— n‡q hvq mgy`ª| e¨¯— gvbylRb| e¨¯— mgy`ª| Kv‡iv Lei †bevi †h‡bv Kv‡iv mgq †bB| mvivw`b GB jy‡KvPzwi P‡j| mÜ¨vq AvBGgwW Avevi †NvlYv †`q †h, NywY©SowU µ‡g Av‡iv mej n‡”Q Avi Zv ax‡i ax‡i DËi-cwðg w`‡K AMÖmi n‡”Q| evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM Av‡Mi Zzjbvq A‡bK †e‡o‡Q e‡jI Zviv Rvbvq| NÈvq 125 wKwg ev 80 gvBj †e‡M jNy PvcwU ax‡i ax‡i NywY©S‡o Nwbf~Z n‡”Q| mgy‡`ª gvQaiv Uªjvi¸‡jv‡K DcK~‡ji KvQvKvwQ

_vKvi R‡b¨ Zviv civgk© †`q| `~i mgy‡`ª †h‡bv †KD gvQ ai‡Z bv hvq †m wel‡qI ûwkqvwi D”PviY K‡i Zviv| mgy`ª bvP‡Z _v‡K| gvbyl wKQzUv AvZsKMÖ¯’ n‡Z _v‡K| wK‡mi AvZsK Zv gvbyl Dcjwä Ki‡Z fq cvq| mgy‡`ªi MR©b‡K wK gvbyl fq cvq? mgy`ª wK gvbyl‡K Ggwb Ggwb fq †`Lvq? KLb KLb gvbyl mgy`ª‡K fq cvq? †KD eyS‡Z cv‡i bv mgy‡`ªi G‡Zv bvP‡bi c‡i gvby‡li R‡b¨ wK A‡c¶v Ki‡Q? gvbyl A‡c¶v Ki‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| mgy‡`ªi bvPb †`Lvi R‡b¨ gvbyl A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| mgy‡`ªi bvPb Pj‡Z _v‡K| gvbyl Zv †`Lvi R‡b¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| O. 13 b‡f¤î 2007 m~h© IVvi Av‡MB mgy`ª cÖej DÏv‡g DËvj n‡q hvq| AvBGgwW mgy‡`ªi GB bvPb‡K cÖjqsKvix N~wY©So e‡j mevB‡K mZK© K‡i †`q| AvenvIqvi c~e©vfv‡l Zviv mgy`ª e›ì¸‡jvi R‡b¨ 6 b¤î gnvwec` ms‡KZ D”PviY K‡i| mKj gvQaiv Uªjvi¸‡jv‡K DcK~‡j wbivc` Avkª‡q _vKvi R‡b¨ Aby‡iva K‡i| Igv‡bi RbmvaviY GB N~wY©So‡K bvgKiY K‡i mvB‡K¬vb wmWi| N~wY©SowU µgk mej n‡q DËi-cwðg w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| mgy‡`ªi bvPb ev‡o| evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM ev‡o| e„wói gvÎv evo‡Z _v‡K| N~wY©SowUi †K‡›`ª evZv‡mi m‡e©v”P MwZ‡eM ZLb NÈvq 165 wKwg ev 105 gvBj| h‡Zv GwU DcK~‡ji w`‡K Avm‡Z _v‡K Z‡ZvB Gi N~Y©b Avi MwZ‡eMI evo‡Z _v‡K| gvbylRb wKš‘ Gevi Avi †gv‡UI †nqvwj bq| Zviv wKQzUv mZK© _v‡K| mgy‡`ªi bvPb Kg‡j Zviv Avevi ¯^vfvweK KvRKg© Ki‡e †mB Avkvq _v‡K| mgy`ª Av‡iv duym‡Z _v‡K| Gevi eywS mgy`ª gnv ¶u¨vcv †¶u‡c‡Q| wmWi GKwU Aviex kã| Aviex fvlvq wmWi GKwU Mv‡Qi bvg| wRwRc−vm MvQ‡K Aviex‡Z ejv nq wmWi| êÁvwbK bvg wRwRc−vm w¯úbv wµw÷| Ab¨ GK`j gvby‡li avibv wmWi kãwU wmsnjx fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q| wmsnjx fvlvq wmWi gv‡b MZ© ev †PvL| mgy‡`ªi MZ© ev mgy‡`ªi †PvL †K‡bv G‡Zv Pigfv‡e duy‡m‡Q? gvbyl cÖwZwbqZ mgy‡`ªi †h cwigvY ¶wZ mvab Ki‡Q, Z‡e wK mgy`ª †mB ¶wZ cywl‡q †bevi R‡b¨ Gevi bRi w`‡q‡Q? bB‡j G‡Zv ¶u¨vcvi KviY wK? mgy`ª bvP‡Z _v‡K| gvbyl µ‡g fq †c‡Z _v‡K| cÖjqsKvix aŸs‡mi R‡b¨ gvbyl Gevi A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| ivZ bv‡g| gvbyl Pig †Kv‡bv aŸs‡mi R‡b¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| P. 14 b‡f¤î 2007 cÖej MwZi N~wY©SowU Av‡iv mej n‡q DcK~‡ji w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| fvi‡Zi AvBGgwW cÖjqsKvix N~wY©So †gvKv‡ejv Kivi R‡b¨ Dwil¨v I cwðge‡½i mevB‡K mveav‡b wbivc` Avkªq‡K‡›`ª P‡j hvevi R‡b¨ wb‡`©k †`q| evsjv‡`‡k DcK~‡ji mevB‡K Ri“ix wbivc` Avkªq‡K‡›`ª P‡j hvevi R‡b¨

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evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Lyb n‡q‡Q 8,355 Rb| GB mg‡q mviv †`‡k al©‡Yi NUbv N‡U‡Q 1210 wU| cywjk †ndR‡Z g„Zzï msL¨v 122 wU| Avi GB mg‡q mviv †`‡k Aš—tZ 4525 wU WvKvwZi NUbv N‡U‡Q| (†¯‹vi †evW© wi‡cvU©, ˆ`wbK w`bKvj, 15 Ryb 2011)| GB wPÎ †`‡L Lye mn‡RB †h †KD evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb gvbevaxKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| A_P miKvi evnv`yi ej‡Qb, gvbyl Lye my‡L Av‡Q| 50 UvKv †KwR‡Z Pvj wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 35 UvKv †KwR‡Z AvUv wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 40 UvKv †KwR‡Z gq`v wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 110 UvKvq GK wjUvi mqvweb wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 110 UvKv †KwR‡Z Wvj wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 35 UvKv †KwR‡Z †cuqvR wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 110 UvKv †KwR‡Z imyb wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 250 UvKv †KwR‡Z i“B gvQ wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 650 UvKv †KwR‡Z Bwjk wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 265 UvKv †KwR‡Z gvsm wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 160 UvKv †KwR‡Z gyiwM wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 70 UvKv †KwR‡Z wPwb wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| 25 UvKv †KwR‡Z jeY wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| †UªwWs Ki‡cv‡ikvb Ae evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb Kg©KZ©v †gv iwdKzj Bmjv‡gi ¯^v¶i hy³ (AvR‡Ki 8 Ryb 2011) XvKv gnvbMixi wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï LyPiv evRvi ì ZvwjKv Gfv‡e Uvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| miKvi ej‡Q gvbyl fv‡jv Av‡Q| we‡ivax`j weGbwc ej‡Q gvbyl fv‡jv †bB| wKš‘ we‡ivax`j weGbwc wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwb‡mi `vg wb‡q †Kv‡bv cÖwZev` Ki‡Q bv| Zv‡ì cÖwZev‡ì cÖavb welq msweavb ms‡kva‡b cieZ©x wbe©vP‡b wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKvi ivLv wb‡q| KviY, wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKvi B‡”Q Ki‡jB cieZ©x wbe©vP‡b weGbwc‡K ¶gZvq emv‡Z cv‡i| RbM‡Yi B”Qv ev †fvU †Kv‡bv e¨vcvi bv| Rb `y‡f©vM Pig ch©v‡q †cuŠQv‡jI Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cÖavb `yBwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ¶gZvq _vKv bv _vKv, Pzwi, `yb©xwZ, cv‡m©‡›UR BZ¨vw`‡Z g‡bv‡hvM †ewk| Rb `y‡f©vM jvN‡e Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv B”Qv †bB| mviv †`‡k Pj‡Q GLb AvIqvgx `ye©„Ë‡ì †`ŠivZ¥| Gm‡ei g‡aÏ AwZ my‡L Av‡Qb wZb D”P c`¯’ my›ìx gwnjv miKvwi Kg©KZ©v| GKRb ms¯‹…wZ gš¿Yvj‡qi D”P c`¯’ mwPe| wZwb ms¯‹…wZ mwPe I gš¿x mv‡n‡ei Lye Av¯’vfvRb Ges wek¦¯’| IB my›ìx gwnjv Kg©KZ©v miKvwi Li‡P eQ‡ii ci eQi we‡`k mdi Ki‡Qb| D‡Ïk¨ gš¿x ev mwPe g‡nv`q we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbKv‡j Ibv‡ì cÖ‡gv` m‡½ gvwZ‡q ivLv| Ibv‡K wb‡q e¨vcK ¸Äb IVvq eZ©gv‡b IB my›ìx gwnjv Kg©KZ©v‡K bvwK A_© gš¿Yvj‡q e`wj Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKRb my›ìx gwnjv Kg©KZ©v Kg©iZ Av‡Qb XvKv wmwU K‡c©v‡ikv‡b| Ab¨Rb Av‡Qb evwYR¨ gš¿Yvj‡q| cÖwZ gv‡m Zv‡ì wZbR‡bi we‡`k md‡i miKv‡ii LiP n‡”Q AwZwi³ gvÎ cuvP jvL UvKv| GB UvKv RbM‡Yi K‡ii cqmv †_‡K cwi‡kva Kivi wbqg evsjv‡`‡k|

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ev‡iv eQi eqm †_‡KB Ckv‡bi GK A™¢yZ Ri Av‡m| wVK `ycyi †ejvq m~h© hLb gv_vi Dc‡i| Mi‡g mevi Rxeb hLb AwZó| wVK ZLb Ckv‡bi IB A™¢yZ R¡iUv Av‡m| Avi IB R¡‡ii m‡½ m‡½ Ckv‡bi ZLb fvix kxZ K‡i| ZLb IB Mi‡gi g‡aÏ I‡K K¤^j Kuv_v evwjk w`‡q †P‡c ai‡Z nq| NÈv Lv‡bK R¡i _vKvi ci wekvj Nvg w`‡q R¡i cvjvq| Zvici mvivw`b Avi †Kv‡bv Sv‡gjv †bB| ci w`b Avev‡iv `ycyi †ejvq Kvj‡ev‡kLx S‡oi g‡Zv mewKQz †f‡O Pz‡o jÊfÊ K‡i w`‡q Avmgvb Rwgb Kuvwc‡q Ckv‡bi R¡i Av‡m| †Kv‡bv Ilya QvovB IB R¡i Avevi P‡j hvq| mevB IB R¡i †`‡L ejvewj ïi“ Ki‡jv IUv Kvjv R¡i| GB R¡i n‡j bvKx kZKiv GKRb euv‡P| ï‡b Avgvi fvix Lvivc jv‡M| †Lv`vi Kv‡Q cÖv_©Yv Kwi, Ckv‡bi †h‡bv IB iKg R¡i bv nq| Ckv‡bi evev R¡‡ii AvjvgZ wb‡q A‡b‡Ki m‡½ K_v e‡jb| †KD wVK g‡Zv wKQz ej‡Z cv‡i bv| Avgvi Wv³vi AvjvDÏxb PvPv Lye †Rvi w`‡qB `vex Ki‡jb †h, IUv bvKx g¨v‡jwiqv R¡i| gkvi Kvg‡o IB R¡i nq| Ab¨ mevB‡K gkvq Kvgov‡j †K‡bv IB R¡i nq bv? †mB e¨vL¨v Aek¨ AvjvDÏxb PvPv w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| e‡jb †h, †Zvi GB †Q‡jUvi i³ gvsm †evanq GKUz †ewk †mb‡mwUf| Ckv‡bi evev c‡i nvwKg wkK`v‡ii KvQ †_‡K g¨v‡jwiqvi Ilya G‡bwQj| Avi IB Ilya Lvevi ci Ckvb fv‡jv nq| Wv³vi AvjvDÏxb PvPv c‡i gkvi Dci e¨vcK covïbv K‡i Avgv‡ì e‡jwQ‡jb †h, GK ai‡bi gwnjv gkvi Kvg‡o GB g¨v‡jwiqv R¡i nq| Avi GUv eo‡ì †P‡q wkï‡ì me‡P‡q †ewk AvµgY K‡i| gkv †_‡K euvPvi R‡b¨ gkvixi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| wKš‘ Ckvb †Zv gkvixi g‡a¨B Nygvq| AvjvDÏxb PvPv e‡jb, Zvn‡j Ab¨ †Kv‡bv mgq IB gkvq Zv‡K wVKB Kvgovq| gkv †_‡K I‡K mveav‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| gkvi Kvg‡o wKš‘ gvbyl gviv hvq| Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwi‡Z GKUv As‡k †cjvg gkv Kvwnbx| Ckvb Ii Wv‡qwi‡Z wj‡L‡QÑ gkv wb‡q Avgv‡ì we‡`ªvnx I RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg GKUv gRvi Mvb wj‡L‡QbÑ gkvB, †`kvš—ix Ki‡j Avgvq, K…òbM‡ii gkvB| evN bq, fvj−yK bq, ...; †evgv bq, Kvgvb bq, wc‡j Kuvcvwb; gkv GKwU cZ½| AwaKvsk cÖRvZxi ¯¿x gkv ¯—b¨cvqx cÖvYxi i³ cvb K‡i _v‡K| gkvi gva¨‡g g¨v‡jwiqv, †W½y, dvB‡jwiqv I cxZ R¡i msµwgZ nq| cÖwZ eQi mviv we‡k¦ ïay gkvi Kvg‡o Aš—tZ `yB wgwjqb †jvK gviv hvq| Avi gkvi me‡P‡q eo wkKvi wkïiv| mvaviYZ cuvP eQ‡ii Kg eqwm wkïiv gkvi Kvg‡o †ewk gviv hvq| cÖwZ eQi Aš—tZ 700 wgwjqb †jvK gkvi Kvg‡o Avµvš— nq| A¨v‡`k G¨vwRcwU bvgK gkvi Kvg‡o mvaviYZ B‡qv‡jv R¡i, †W½y Ri I wPKzsRy¨qv R¡i nq| Avi G¨v‡bvwdwjm bvgK gkvi Kvg‡o g¨v‡jwiqv R¡i nq|

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34. cÖm~wZ gv‡qi ¯^v¯’¨ †mev Avgvi kvïwo gviv hvq mš—vb cÖm‡ei mgq| ev”PvwUI IB mgq gviv hvq| Avgvi GK bb` mš—vb cÖm‡ei mgq mš—vb mn gviv hvq| Avgvi †QvU †evb iwgPv mš—vb cÖm‡ei mgq gviv hvq| iwgPvi beRvZK †Q‡jwU c‡i gvÎ wZb w`b †eu‡P wQj| cÖm~wZ gv‡qi ¯^v¯’¨‡mev wb‡q Ckvb Wv‡qwi‡Z Kx wj‡L‡Q †`wLÑ evsjv‡`‡k cÖm~wZ gv‡qi g„Zz¨ GKwU cÖavb mgm¨v| Dchy³ ¯^v¯’¨ eë¯’vi Afv‡e mš—vb cÖme Kivi mgq gv I wkï `yBR‡bi RxebB GLv‡b gviZ¥K SzuwKi wkKvi| RbmsL¨vi Zzjbvq †bB ch©vß nvmcvZvj| †bB ch©vß Wv³vi| †bB ch©vß bvm©| †bB ch©vß Avqv| †bB ch©vß †eW| †bB ch©vß Ilya c_¨| †bB fv‡jv hvZvqvZ eë¯’v| †bB fv‡jv ¯^v¯’¨ †mev| d‡j cÖwZ eQi evsjv‡`‡k AmsL¨ gv cÖmeKvjxb mg‡q gviv hvq| GKB m‡½ gviv hv‡”Q cÖm~wZ beRvZK| gv I wkïi g„Zz¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi Avmj †Pnviv Zz‡j a‡i| Gi wecix‡Z evsjv‡`‡k i‡q‡Q ivRbxwZwe`‡ì eQi eQi nvRvi nvRvi cÖwZkÖ“wZ| A_P Ibviv wb‡Riv †KD G‡`‡ki nvmcvZv‡j ¯^v¯’¨ †mev †bb bv| KviY Ibv‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ wVK Kivi g‡Zv †mev GLv‡b †bB| Ibviv †PKAvc Kiv‡ZI we‡`‡ki fv‡jv nvmcvZv‡j Qz‡U hvb| Avi Avgv‡ì ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi R‡b¨ we‡`k †_‡K †h cwigv‡Y UvKv Av‡m Zv Pzwi Pvgvwi K‡i wb‡R‡ì wPwKrmv LiP Rwg‡q iv‡Lb we‡`kx e¨vs‡K| GKRb cÖm~wZ gv‡qi g„Z¨z hš¿Yv †KD eyS‡e bv| Aš—tZ Avgv‡ì bó ivRbxwZweìv †Zv bq| Ggb wK Zv‡ì P¨vjv PvgPvivI Zv eyS‡e bv| 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nevi c‡i ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi †bUIqvK© MwVZ n‡jv †hfv‡eÑ 1. RvZxq ev AvÂwjK ch©v‡q gvÎ 8 wU †gwWK¨vj K‡jR nvmcvZvj, 2. 14 wU †Rjv nvmcvZvj, 3. 43 wU mve-wWwfkbvj nvmcvZvj, 4. 150 wU cj−x ¯^v¯’¨ †K›`ª ev _vbv nvmcvZvj, 5. ¸wU K‡qK BDwbqb ¯^v¯’¨ †K›`ª, 6. 1wU †W›Uvj K‡jR| Gig‡a¨ †Rjv nvmcvZv‡j †eW msL¨v gvÎ 50wU, _vbv nvmcvZv‡j †eW msL¨v gvÎ 31 wU Avi BDwbqb nvmcvZv‡j 4 †_‡K 5wU †eW| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v (û)-Gi 2000 mv‡ji Rixc Abyhvqx, evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Wv³v‡ii msL¨v 29,746 Rb| IB mg‡q RbmsL¨v aiv nq 146 wgwjqb| A_©¨vr cÖwZ 4,521 Rb gvby‡li R‡b¨ gvÎ 1 Rb Wv³vi| 2003 mv‡ji wn‡me Abyhvqx, evsjv‡`‡k †gvU Avf¨š—ixY m¤ú‡ì (wRwWwc) gvÎ kZKiv 1.1 fvM ¯^v¯’¨ †mev Lv‡Z e¨q Kiv nq| A_P wgwjUvwi Lv‡Z evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii e¨q wRwWwcÕi kZKiv 17 fvM| cÖkœ n‡jv GB †`‡k RbmsL¨vi ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi †P‡q wgwjUvwi LvZ Kx K‡i eo nq? †h †`‡ki gvby‡li Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯’vb, wk¶v, I ¯^v¯’¨ GB cuvPwU †gŠwjK AwaKvi GL‡bv miKvi kZfvM c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †mB †`‡k Kx K‡i ¯^v¯’¨ †mevi †P‡q 16 ¸b eo wgwjUvwi †mev nq? †h †`‡ki wgwjUvwi e½eÜz‡K

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gyRvwn` †hLv‡b Zv‡ì †Kwe‡bU gš¿x| evsjv‡`‡ki cZvKv wb‡q gnvDj−v‡m †hLv‡b Zviv gnvb‡›` c„w_exgq Qz‡U †eovb| Zv‡ì R‡b¨ msL¨vjNy‡ì Dci nvgjv Kiv‡Zv gvgywj e¨vcvi| KviY, AvIqvgx jxM GB nvgjvi R‡b¨ mKj †¶Î cÖ¯‘Z K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g ivR‰bwZK nZ¨v evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM K‡iwQj| cieZ©x Kv‡j Abïv †mB c_ AbymiY K‡i‡Q| K. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vPb 1973 mv‡ji 7 gvP© beMwVZ evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| IB mgq evsjv‡`‡k †gvU †fvUvi wQj 3 †KvwU 52 jvL 5 nvRvi 642 Rb| 1 †KvwU 93 jvL 29 nvRvi 683 Rb †fvUvi †fvU †`q| Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui nvi kZKiv 54.90 fvM| 300 Avm‡bi RvZxq msm‡` e½eÜz †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…©Z¡vaxb evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM 293 Avm‡b weRqx nq| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv 73.20 fvM| RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j (Rvm`) cvq 1 wU Avmb| evsjv‡`k RvZxq jxM cvq 1 wU Avmb| ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©xiv cvq 5 wU Avmb| ZLb gwnjv‡ì R‡b¨ msm‡` msiw¶Z Avmb wQj 15 wU| e½eÜzi †bZ…©‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM miKvi MVb K‡i| cÖavbgš¿x nb †kL gywReyi ingvb| L. evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq mvaviY wbe©vPb 1979 mv‡ji 18 †deª“qvwi †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi †bZ…©Z¡vaxb mvgwiK miKvi ¶gZv Kzw¶MZ Ki‡Z †jvK †`Lv‡bv GK wbe©vP‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i| ZLb eû`jxq MYZ‡š¿i bv‡g ivZvivwZ ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡i bvg me©¯^ A‡bK ivR‰bwZK `j IB wbe©vP‡b AskMÖnb K‡i| evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM ZLb Kvh©Z wb¯Œxq| wew”Qbœfv‡e AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wKQz c_åó †bZv‡ì w`‡q wewfbœ bv‡g ZLb AvIqvgx jxM †`Lv‡bv n‡qwQj| ewnwe©‡k¦i Kv‡Q cÖgvY Kivi †Póv †h wbe©vP‡b eû ivR‰bwZK `j AsgMÖnb K‡i‡Q| IUv wQj evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vPbx eë¯’v aŸsm Kivi cÖ_g AvbyôvwbK hvÎv| IB mgq evsjv‡`‡k †fvUvi †`Lv‡bv nq 3 †KvwU 87 jvL 89 nvRvi 239 Rb| 6 eQ‡i †`‡k gvÎ 35 jvL †fvUvi †e‡o‡Q? †Rbv‡ij wRqv †fvUvi wj÷ ch©š— wVK g‡Zv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe K‡ibwb| mvgwiK miKv‡ii `vqmviv GKwU wbe©vPb †`wL‡q ¶gZv wPi¯’vqx Kivi e‡›`ve¯— hv‡K e‡j| IB wbe©vP‡b Kvw÷s †fvU †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q 1 †KvwU 96 jvL 76 nvRvi 124 Rb| hv †gvU †fv‡Ui kZKiv 50.94 fvM| A_©¨vr †`‡ki cÖvq A‡a©K †fvUvi †fvUvwaKvi cÖ‡qvM K‡ibwb| 300 Avm‡bi msm` wbe©vP‡b †Rbv‡ij wRqvi beMwVZ evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j ev weGbwc cvq 207 wU Avmb| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv 41.16 fvM| GKwU 15 AvM‡÷i ci mvgwiK

miKvi MwVZ GKwU ivR‰bwZK `j e›`y‡Ki gy‡L 207 wU Avm‡b weRqx n‡jv Avi evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl Zv PzcPvc †g‡b wbj! †Rbv‡ij wRqv evsjv‡`‡ki ïay cÖ_g mvgwiK kvmKB bb cÖ_g A‰ea wbe©vP‡biI RbK| wZwb GK fvl‡Y e‡jwQ‡jbÑ AvB DBj †gBK cwjwU· wWwdKvë| gvwb BR †bv †cÖv‡e−g| 1965 mv‡j cvwK¯— v‡bi cÖ_g mvgwiK kvmK †Rbv‡ij AvBDe LvbI GKwU †jvK †`Lv‡bv wbe©vPb Abyôvb K‡iwQ‡jb| IB wbe©vP‡b Zey dv‡Zgv wRbœvnÕi †bZ…©‡Z¡ cvwK¯—vb gymwjg jxM we‡ivax `j wn‡m‡e AskMÖnb K‡iwQj| wKš‘ †Rbv‡ij wRqvi wbe©vP‡b †Kv_vq we‡ivax `j? Avi GB `jwU †mB †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k cÖPvi K‡i Avm‡Q †h Zviv eû `jxq MYZ‡š¿i ivRbxwZ K‡i| IB wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM (gv‡jK) cvq 39 wU Avmb| AvIqvgx jxM (wgRvb) cvq 2 wU Avmb| gymwjg †W‡gvµ¨vwUK jxM cvq 20 wU Avmb| RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `j cvq 8 wU Avmb| b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© (†gvRvddi) cvq 1 wU Avmb| evsjv‡`k RvZxq jxM cvq 2 wU Avmb| evsjv‡`k MYd«›U cvq 2 wU Avmb| evsjv‡`k mgvRev`x `j cvq 1 wU Avmb| evsjv‡`k †jevi cvwU© cvq 1 wU Avmb| RvZxq GKZv cvwU© cvq 1 wU Avmb| Avi ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©xiv cvq 16 wU Avmb| IB msm‡` gwnjv‡ì R‡b¨ msiw¶Z Avmb Kiv nq 30wU| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m cÖ_g KjsKRbK wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g †Rbv‡ij wRqv e›`y‡Ki b‡ji †Lvjm †_‡K RbMY‡K †evKv evwb‡q gy‡Lvk cov ivRbxwZ Pvjy Ki‡jb| hv †_‡K weGbwc AvR ch©š— †ei n‡Z cv‡iwb| e›`y‡Ki bj †_‡K Rb¥ †bIqv GKwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †Kv‡bv bxwZ Av`k© _vK‡e bv GUvB ¯^vfvweK| ZvB Zviv c_åó‡ì `‡j wfwo‡q evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡K mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© `~wlZ K‡i †d‡j‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li GB ivR‰bwZK `~lY †_‡K kxNª gyw³ †bB| M. evsjv‡`‡ki Z…Zxq mvaviY wbe©vPb 1986 mv‡ji 7 †g AbywôZ nq †`‡ki Z…Zxq mvaviY wbe©vPb| GwUI †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvi Av‡iK DËimyix mvgwiK kvmK †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij û‡mBb gyn¤§` Gikv‡ì Zvgvkvi wbe©vPb| 1981 mv‡ji 17 †g †kL nvwmbv †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci AvIqvgx jxM ax‡i ax‡i msMwVZ n‡jI ivR‰bwZK cÖÁvi Afv‡e ZLb †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡ì wbe©vP‡b Ask †bq AvIqvgx jxM| †gvU †fvUv‡ii msL¨v 4 †KvwU 78 jvL 76 nvRvi 979 Rb| †Rbv‡ij wRqvi †P‡q Gikv` mv‡ne Av‡iv GKUz †mqvbv| ivR‰bwZK fv‡e c_åó‡ì wb‡q Gikv` mv‡n‡ei be MwVZ ivR‰bwZK `j RvZxq cvwU© GB †jvK †`Lv‡bv wbe©vP‡b wekvj d¨v±i n‡q ùvovq| mvgwiK kvm‡Ki c‡¶ †gvU 2 †KvwU 89 jvL 3 nvRvi 889 Rb †fvUvi †fvU cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q e‡j `vex Kiv nq| hv †gvU †fvUv‡ii kZKiv 60.31 fvM| 300

Avm‡bi g‡a¨ †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡ì †bZ…©Z¡vaxb RvZxq cvwU© weRqx nq 153 wU Avm‡b| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 42.48 fvM| †kL nvwmbvi †bZ…©Z¡vaxb evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM cvq 76 wU Avmb| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv gvÎ 26.15 fvM| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cvq 10 wU Avmb, hv Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui Aš—tZ kZKiv 4.60 fvM| evsjv‡`‡ki Kgywb÷ cvwU© cvq 5 wU Avmb| b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© cvq 5 wU Avmb| gymwjg jxM cvq 4 wU Avmb| Rvm` (ie) cvq 4 wU Avmb| Rvm` (wmivR) cvq 3 wU Avmb| evsjv‡`k IqvK©vm© cvwU© cvq 3 wU Avmb| evsjv‡`k K…lK kªwgK AvIqgx jxM cvq 3 wU Avmb| b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© (†gvRvddi) cvq 2 wU Avmb| ¯^Zš¿ cªv_©xiv cvq 32 wU Avmb| gwnjv‡ì R‡b¨ msiw¶Z Avmb wQj 30 wU| †Rbv‡ij Gikv` miKvi MVb K‡ib| cÖavbgš¿x evbvb wgRvbyi ingvb †PŠayix‡K| we‡ivax `jxq †bZv nb †kL nvwmbv| wKš‘ wKQz w`b c‡iB ïi“ nq ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv| msm` †f‡½ w`‡q †Rbv‡ij Gikv` Avev‡iv wbe©vPb †`b| N. evsjv‡`‡ki PZz_© mvaviY wbe©vPb `yB eQi bv cyi‡ZB 1988 mv‡ji 3 gvP© evsjv‡`‡k PZz_© mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| †gvU †fvUvi msL¨v 4 †KvwU 98 jvL 63 nvRvi 829 Rb| †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡ì IB †jvK †`Lv‡bv wbe©vP‡b Kvw÷s †fvU †`Lv‡bv nq 2 †KvwU 88 jvL 73 nvRvi 540 Rb ev kZKiv cÖvq 54.93 fvM| 300 Avm‡bi g‡a¨ †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡ì RvZxq cvwU© cvq 251 wU Avmb| Rvm` (ie)-Gi †bZ…©Z¡vaxb mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `j cvq 19 wU Avmb| Rvm` (wmivR) cvq 3 wU Avmb| wd«Wg cvwU© cvq 2 wU Avmb| ¯^Zš¿ cªv_©xiv cvq 25 wU Avmb| gwnjv‡ì R‡b¨ msiw¶Z Avmb 30 wU| Gikv` mv‡ne miKvi MVb K‡ib| cÖavbgš¿x evbvb e¨vwi÷vi gI`y` Avng`‡K| we‡ivax `jxq †bZv nb Av.m.g. Ave`yi ie| e½eÜzi AvZ¥¯^xK…Z Lybx K‡b©j dvi“K GB msm‡` Ggwc wbe©vwPZ nb| kvmwiK kvmK hLb gy‡Lvk †_‡K †ewi‡q Av‡m ZLb Zvi Avmj †Pnviv GKUz GKUz Dcjw× Ki‡Z _v‡K RbMY| ïi“ nq ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv| †Rbv‡ij Gikv` me‡P‡q †ewk wbh©vZb Pvjvq QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi Dci| Avm‡j †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK `j bq ZLb QvÎivB †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡ì ˆ¯î kvm‡bi wei“‡× Av‡›`vjb msMÖvg Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| †kl ch©š— QvÎ we‡¶vf Pig iƒc aviY Ki‡j 1990 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤î ˆ¯î kvmK †Rbv‡ij Gikv` c`Z¨vM K‡i ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|

O. evsjv‡`‡ki cÂg mvaviY wbe©vPb 1991 mv‡ji 13 Rvbyqvwi AbywôZ nq evsjv‡`‡ki cÂg mvaviY wbe©vPb| †gvU †fvUv‡ii msL¨v 6 †KvwU 20 jvL 81 nvRvi 793 Rb| Gig‡a¨ †fvU Kv÷ nq 3 †KvwU 44 jvL 77 nvRvi 803 wU ev kZKiv cÖvq 55.54 fvM| gwnjv‡ì R‡b¨ msiw¶Z Avmb 30wU| 300 Avm‡bi RvZxq msm` wbe©vP‡b evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (weGbwc) weRqx nq 140 wU Avm‡b| evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM cvq 88 wU Avmb| RvZxq cvwU© cvq 35 wU Avmb| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cvq 18 wU Avmb| ¯^Zš¿ I Ab¨vb¨ `j wg‡j cvq 19 wU Avmb| 30 wU Avmb gwnjv‡ì R‡b¨ msiw¶Z| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi m‡½ †RvU MVb K‡i weGbwc miKvi MVb K‡i| cÖavbgš¿x nb †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv| Gev‡iv †kL nvwmbv nb we‡ivax `jxq †bZv| `xN© Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡gi ci evsjv‡`‡k ˆ¯î kvm‡bi Aemvb n‡jI miKvi MVb K‡i‡Q ˆ¯î kvm‡Ki ivR‰bwZK `j weGbwc| Gevi Zv‡ì m½x ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx| Gevi Avevi gv¸iv Dc-wbe©vPb‡K †K›`ª K‡i ïi“ nq ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv| AvIqvgx jxM msm` †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡i| P. evsjv‡`‡ki lô mvaviY wbe©vPb 1996 mv‡ji 15 †deª“qvwi †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqvi †bZ…©Z¡vaxb weGbwc ¶gZv Kzw¶MZ Kivi R‡b¨ GKwU wRqv/Gikv` gvK©v wbe©vPb Abyôvb K‡i| IB wbe©vPb †`‡ki cÖvq me¸‡jv ivR‰bwZK `j eR©b Ki‡jI †eMg Lv‡j`v IB wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri `j‡K wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv †`wL‡q †MvUv RvZx‡K †evKv evbv‡bvi †Póv K‡i| 300 Avm‡bi wbe©vP‡b Ggb wK djvdj ch©š— wVK g‡Zv †`Lv‡bv nq wb| c~‡e©i ˆ¯î kvmK †Rbv‡ij wRqv I †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡ì †iKW©I f½ K‡i‡Q IB loh‡š¿i wbe©vPb| wbe©vPbx djvd‡j †`Lv‡bv nq weGbwc weRqx 278 wU Avm‡b| wd«Wg cvwU© 1 wU Avm‡b| ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©xiv 10 wU Avm‡b| evKx 11 wU Avm‡bi wbe©vPbx djvdj m¤ú‡K© evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl wK”Qz Rv‡b bv| djvd‡j 11 wU Avmb evwZj †`Lv‡bv nq| †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv 278 wU Avmb wb‡q wØZxq ev‡ii g‡Zv cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb 19 †deª“qvwi| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl IB wbe©vPb gv‡bwb| miKvwi Awdm †_‡K GK †hv‡M Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvixiv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶Kiv c`Z¨vM K‡ib| IB A‰ea msm` msweav‡bi Î‡qv`k ms‡kvabx cvk K‡i| 30 gvP© †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv MY Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| msm‡` 278 Avmb wb‡q †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv ¶gZvq wQ‡jb 39 w`b| K‡Zv nvm¨Ki Avgv‡ì ivRbxwZ Avi K‡ZvUv AcwiYvg`k©x Avgv‡ì ivRbxwZwe`MY| IB msm‡` †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv e½eÜzi Av‡iK AvZ¥¯^xK…Z Lybx K‡b©j ikx`‡K Ggwc evwb‡qwQ‡jb| K‡ZvUv bó ivRbxwZ P‡j Avgv‡ì †`‡k|

Q. evsjv‡`‡ki mßg mvaviY wbe©vPb 1996 mv‡ji 12 Ryb evsjv‡`‡ki mßg mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| GB wbe©vP‡bi ˆewkó n‡jv GwU GKwU wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Aax‡b AbywôZ nq| cÖv³b cÖavb wePvicwZ gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingv‡bi Aax‡b IB wbe©vP‡b †gvU †fvUvi msL¨v 5 †KvwU 67 jvL 16 nvRvi 935 Rb| wbe©vP‡b †gvU †fvU Kv÷ nq 4 †KvwU 28 jvL 80 nvRvi 576 wU| hv †gvU †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 74.96 fvM| evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM 146 wU Avm‡b weRqx nq| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 37.44 fvM| weGbwc cvq 116 wU Avmb| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 33.60 fvM| RvZxq cvwU© cvq 32 wU Avmb| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 16.40 fvM| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cvwU© cvq 3 wU Avmb| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 8.61 fvM| Bmjvgx HK¨‡RvU cvq 1 wU Avmb| Rvm` (ie) cvq 1 wU Avmb| ¯^Zš¿ cªv_©x cvq 1 wU Avmb| RvZxq cvwU©i m‡½ †RvU K‡i AvIqvgx jxM miKvi MVb K‡i| †kL nvwmbv cÖavbgš¿x nb| †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv nb we‡ivax `jxq †bZv| †kL nvwmbv cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e msm‡`i cuvP eQi †gqv` c~iY K‡ib| GB cÖ_g evsjv‡`‡k †Kv‡bv wbe©vwPZ miKvi †gqv` c~iY Ki‡jv| R. evsjv‡`‡ki Aóg mvaviY wbe©vPb 2001 mv‡ji 1 A‡±vei evsjv‡`‡k Aóg mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| wb`j©xq ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖavb nb cÖv³b cÖavb wePvicwZ jwZdzi ingvb| †gvU †fvUvi msL¨v 7 †KvwU 49 jvL 51 nvRvi 319 Rb| wbe©vP‡b †fvU Kv÷ nq 5 †KvwU 61 jvL 69 nvRvi 233 wU ev kZKiv cÖvq 74.90 fvM| weGbwc weRqx nq 193 wU Avm‡b| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 41.40 fvM| AvIqvgx jxM cvq 62 wU Avmb| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 40.02 fvM| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx cvq 17 wU Avmb| hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 4.28 fvM| RvZxq cvwU© (Gikv`) cvq 14 wU Avmb hv †gvU Kvw÷s †fv‡Ui kZKiv cÖvq 7.22 fvM| RvZxq cvwU© (bvwRDi) cvq 1 wU Avmb| Bmjvgx HK¨‡RvU cvq 2 wU Avmb| K…lK kªwgK RbZv jxM cvq 2 wU Avmb| RvZxq cvwU© (gÄy) cvq 1 wU Avmb| ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©xiv cvq 6 wU Avmb| 2 Avm‡bi wbe©vPb ¯’wMZ Kiv nq| weGbwc †bZ…©Z¡vaxb Pvi`jxq †RvU (weGbwc, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx, Bmjvgx HK¨‡RvU, RvZxq cvwU© (bvwRDi) wg‡j miKvi MVb K‡i| Z…Zxq ev‡ii g‡Zv cÖavbgš¿x nb †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv| msm‡` Avev‡iv we‡ivax `jxq †bZv nb †kL nvwmbv| Avev‡iv †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv ¶gZv Kzw¶MZ Kivi †Póv K‡ib| Lv‡j`v wRqvi miKv‡ii c¨vivjvj GKwU miKvi cwiPvjbv K‡ib Zvi cyÎab Zv‡iK

wRqv| ebvbxi nvIqv feb †_‡K Kvh©Z 2001 †_‡K 2006 mvj ch©š— cÖavbgš¿x Lv‡j`v wRqvi eo †Q‡j Zv‡iK wRqv miKvi cwiPvjbv K‡ib| Lv‡j`v wRqv ZLb ïay bv‡gB cyZzj cÖavbgš¿x| cuvP eQ‡i wRqvi `yB †Q‡j Zv‡iK wRqv Avi AvivdvZ ingvb †Kv‡Kv wg‡j †MvUv evsjv‡`‡k jyUcv‡Ui ivRbxwZ Pvjy K‡i| wRqv cwievi GB mg‡q nvRvi nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi ivóªxq m¤úwË Pzwi K‡i| ivZvivwZ MwR‡q I‡V WvwÛ Wvwqs| we‡`‡k cvPvi K‡i †KvwU †KvwU evsjv‡`kx UvKv| evsjv‡`‡k Ggb †Kv‡bv Aciva †bB hv wRqvi `yB †Q‡j ZLb K‡i bvB| gvwb jÛvwis, A_© cvPvi, †PvivKvievix, ivóªxq m¤úwË `Lj, g`, †dwÝ WvBj, bvix eëmv mn me ai‡bi Aciva K‡i‡Q Lv‡j`v wRqvi `yB †mvbvi †Q‡j| evsjv‡`‡k Zv‡ì †`Šiv‡Z¥ Avev‡iv gvbyl dzu‡m I‡V| ïi“ nq ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv| wKš‘ ¶gZv cvKvcvwK Ki‡Z †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv wb`©jxq ZË¡veavqK miKvi eë¯’vi miKvi cÖavb K‡ib `jxq †cÖwm‡W›U cÖ‡dmi BqvRDÏxb Avn‡g`‡K| wKš‘ AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…©Z¡vaxb Ab¨vb¨ ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv GB Awbqg †g‡b †bqwb| Avev‡iv ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZvi gy‡L †mbvevwnbx Kvh©Z ¶gZv `Lj K‡i| †mbvevwnbxi mivmwi mg_©‡Y BbUvwiqvg miKv‡ii cÖavb Dc‡`óv nb evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki mv‡eK Mf©bi dLi“wÏb Avng`| †eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv I †kL nvwmbv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| wRqvi `yB †mvbvi †Q‡j Zv‡iK ingvb Avi AvivdvZ ingvb †Kv‡Kv‡KI †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| `yB eQi †`‡k GB BbUvwiqvg miKvi kvmb Kvh© Pvjy iv‡L| Ae‡k‡l 2008 mv‡ji 29 wW‡m¤î evsjv‡`‡ki beg mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM weRqx nq 230 wU Avm‡b| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi kwiK wn‡m‡e RvZxq cvwU© cvq 27 wU Avmb, Rvm` (Bby) cvq 3 wU Avmb, IqvK©vm© cvwU© cvq 2 wU Avmb, wjev‡ij †W‡gvµ¨vwUK cvwU© cvq 1 wU Avmb| AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…©Z¡vaxb gnv‡RvU †gvU 263 Avm‡b weRqx nq| Ab¨w`‡K Lv‡j`v wRqvi Pvi`jxq †RvU cvq gvÎ 33 wU Avmb| hvi g‡a¨ weGbwc 30 wU, Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx 2 wU I RvZxq cvwU© (bvwRDi) 1 wU Avmb cvq| ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©xiv 4 wU Avm‡b weRqx nq| †kL nvwmbv wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x nb| GLb evsjv‡`‡k Pj‡Q wVK weGbwcÕi AbyKi‡Y AvIqvgx jyUcvU| GB jyUcv‡Ui cÖavb fvwM`vi QvÎjxM I hyejxM| mviv †`‡k AvIqvgx `ye©„Ëiv weGbwcÕi AbyKi‡Y `vc‡Ui m‡½ Pzwi, jyUcvU, `myë„wË Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³ †bB| evsjv‡`‡ki mvaviY gvby‡li ivR‰bwZK `ye„©Ë‡ì †_‡K †Kv‡bv Kv‡jB gyw³ †bB| Avgiv Kx GB evsjv‡`k †P‡qwQjvg? Ggb cÖkœ Zz‡j cÖL¨vZ me¨mvPx †jLK W±i ûgvqyb AvRv` euvP‡Z cv‡ibwb| weGbwc-RvgvqvZ †bZ…©Z¡vaxb †RvU miKvi GKRb ûgvqyb AvRv`‡K euvP‡Z †`qwb|

36. GKRb ûgvqyb AvRv` AvR kwbevi| AvR w`NxiRv‡bi nvU| AvR‡Ki nv‡U Bgv‡gi bvi‡Kj †bevi K_v wQj| N~wY©So wmW‡i c‡i hvIqv ivbœvNi hZxb †givgZ K‡iwQj †mB UvKv GL‡bv †Ìqv nqwb| Bgvg K‡qKw`b wc‡ivRcyi Kx wb‡q †h‡bv fvix e¨¯—| cimy e‡jwQj w`NxiRv‡bi nv‡U wKQz bvi‡Kj wewµ K‡i hZx‡bi UvKvUv w`‡q †`‡e| wKš‘ GLb `ycyi| GL‡bv Bgv‡gi evwo‡Z †divi †Kv‡bv j¶Y †bB| Bgv‡gi eD wkíx ej‡jv, Av¤§v, hZxb `vÕ‡i Lei cvVvB| †m bvi‡Kj wewµ K‡i UvKv wb‡q wbK| gvZe‡ii R‡b¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡j †ePviv bv †L‡q gviv hv‡e| AvwgI wkíxi K_vq mvq w`jvg| Avgvi †QvU †è‡ii †QvU †Q‡j wicb‡K †W‡K ejjvg, ZzB GKUz hZxb wg¯¿x‡K Lei †`| bvi‡Kj wb‡q nv‡U hvwe| bvi‡Kj wewµ K‡i hZx‡bi UvKv w`we| wicb hZxb‡K GB Lei Rvbv‡Z †Mj| Avwg Ckv‡bi Wv‡qwiUv nv‡Z wb‡q co‡Z ïi“ Kijvg| GKRb ûgvqyb AvRv` Avevi †K? GB †jvK‡K †Zv Avwg wPwb bv| Ckvb Kx wj‡L‡Q †`wLÑ 1947 mv‡ji 28 GwcÖj XvKvi gyÝxM‡Äi ivwpLv‡j W±i ûgvqyb AvRv` Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib| wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb cÖL¨vZ †jLK, GKRb ¯‹jvi, GKRb fvlv mvwn‡Zï cÖ‡dmi| Gw›U G÷vewj÷‡g›U, Gw›U wiwjwRqb I Gw›U wgwjUvwi f‡q‡mi R‡b¨ W±i AvRv‡ì †jLbx mviv †`‡k Zzgyj MY †Rvqv‡ii m„wó K‡iwQj| ivR‰bwZK `ye„©Ë‡ì wei“‡× Zuvi ivR‰bwZK gš—e¨¸‡jv †h †Kv‡bv mg‡qi evsjv‡`‡ki R‡b¨ AvRxeb D¾xebx myav wn‡m‡e mevB‡K Av‡jvwoZ Ki‡e| 1986 mv‡j wZwb evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï R‡b¨ evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi cvb| 1976 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï Dci gv÷vm© Kivi ci W±i AvRv` jÛ‡bi GwWbevM© BDwbfvwm©wU †_‡K wjs¸Bw÷‡Ki Dci wcGBPwW wWwMÖ MÖnb K‡ib| c‡i wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| AvRxeb wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q wk¶KZv K‡i‡Qb| evsjv wjs¸Bw÷‡Ki Dci wZwb iPbv K‡ib evsjv wmbU¨v´| 1980 mv‡ji ïi“i w`‡K W±i AvRv` mgKvjxb mvgvwRK ivR‰bwZK welq wb‡q cwÎKvq wbqwgZ Kjvg wjL‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| 1990 mvj ch©š— Zuvi GB Kjvg †jLv Ae¨vnZ wQj| IB mg‡q wZwb ag©xq †gŠjev‡ì wec‡¶ Zuvi my¯úó Ae¯’vb Zz‡j a‡ib| evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvgx †MvovgxiI wZwb GKRb K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPK| 1992 mv‡j cÖL¨vZ †jLK wm‡g¨vb `¨ we‡f¨vi-Gi Ô`¨ †m‡KÛ †m·Õ Aej¤^‡b W±i AvRv` †j‡Lb evsjvq Zuvi cÖ_g †dwgwb÷ eB ÔbvixÕ| IB mg‡q ÔbvixÕ †e÷ †mjvi wn‡m‡e cvVK mgv‡R e¨vcK Av‡jvob Zzj‡j W±i AvRv` ivZvivwZ †jLK L¨vwZ †c‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| IB mgq weGbwc RvgvqvZ †RvU HKë× n‡q Bmjvgx †gŠjev`x‡ì Lywk Ki‡Z 1995 mv‡j ûgvqyb AvRv‡ì ÔbvixÕ eBwU miKvwifv‡e

ev‡Rqvß †NvlYv K‡i| W±i AvRv` miKv‡ii GB wm×v‡š—i cÖwZev‡` Av`vj‡Zi ¯§iYvcbœ nb| 2000 mv‡j D”P Av`vjZ eBwU m¤ú‡K© miKv‡ii wm×vš—‡K †eAvBwb †NvlYv K‡ib| 2003 mv‡ji 3 wW‡m¤î ˆ`wbK B‡Ëdv‡Ki C` msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ nq ûgvqyb AvRv‡ì Dcb¨vm ÔcvK mvi Rwgb mva ev`Õ| GB Dcb¨vm wb‡q Avev‡iv †gŠjev`x †Mvôx Zuvi wei“‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡i| IB mgq Ôgy³gbvÕ bvgK GKwU AbjvBb e−‡M W±i AvRv` †jLv‡jwL Ki‡Zb| 2004 mv‡ji 6 Rvbyhvwi †gŠjev`xiv Ôgy³gbvÕi gWv‡iU‡ii Kv‡Q B-†gB‡j W±i AvRv`‡K nZ¨vi ûgwK cÖ`vb K‡i| 2004 mv‡ji 27 †deª“qvwi evsjv GKv‡Wgxi Agi GKz‡k eB‡gjv †_‡K †divi mgq †gŠjev`x Pigcš’xiv W±i AvRv‡ì cÖvY bv‡ki †Póv Pvjvq| gvivZ¥K AvnZ Ae¯’vq cÖ_‡g Zuv‡K XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j fwZ© Kiv nq| c‡i Ae¯’vi AebwZ NU‡j Zuv‡K XvKv †mbvwbev‡mi K¤^vBÛ wgwjUvwi nmwcUv‡j (wmGgGBP) ¯—vbvš—i Kiv nq| IB mgq W±i AvRv‡ì Dci ee©‡ivwPZ nvgjvi cÖwZev‡` mviv‡`‡k RbZv we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b K‡i| Ges wbtksm IB nvgjvi `„óvš—g~jK wePvi `vex K‡i| RbM‡Yi Ae¨vnZ we‡¶v‡fi Kvi‡Y weGbwc RvgvqvZ †RvU miKvi †kl ch©š— W±i AvRv`‡K DbœZ wPwKrmvi R‡b¨ _vBj¨v‡Ûi evgi“bMÖv_ nvmcvZv‡j cvVv‡Z eva¨ nq| 2006 mv‡j Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi KzL¨vZ †gŠjev`x gvIjvbv †`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb mvC`x evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq msm‡` ùvwo‡q W±i ûgvqyb AvRv‡ì ÔcvK mvi Rwgb mva ev`Õ miKvwifv‡e ev‡Rqvß Kivi R‡b¨ Aby‡iva K‡ib| Ges W±i AvRv`‡K e−vm‡dwg AvB‡b †MÖdZvi Kivi †NvlYv †`b| IB mgq ¸Re Qovq †h, evsjv‡`‡k bZzb DÌvb nIqv †gŠjev`x Pigcš’x RvgvZzj gyRv‡n`xb evsjv‡`‡k ev †RGgweÕi †bZv‡K Lye †Mvc‡b weGbwc RvgvqvZ †RvU miKvi i¨vwcW G¨vKkvb e¨vUvwjqb ev ms‡¶‡c i¨ve-G wb‡qvM w`‡qwQj| Avi IB †gŠjev`x †bZvi †bZ…©‡Z¡ GKwU mk¯¿ †Mvôx 2004 mv‡j ûgvqyb AvRv` I ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKRb wk¶‡Ki Dci nvgjv Pvjvq| W±i AvRv‡ì Dci IB wbg©g nvgjvi AvR ch©š— †Kv‡bv myôz wePvi nqwb| AvR ch©š— †`‡ki gvbyl Rv‡b bv Kviv ev †K W±i AvRv‡ì Dci nvgjv Pvwj‡qwQj| _vBj¨vÛ †_‡K my¯’ n‡q W±i AvRv` †`‡k wd‡i wbivcËvnxbZv Ges †gŠjev`x Pigcš’x‡ì gyn~g©yû Rxeb bv‡ki ûgwK †c‡Z _v‡Kb| ZvB wZwb †eu‡P _vKvi R‡b¨ †`k Z¨vM Kivi wm×vš— †bb| Ewbk kZ‡Ki weL¨vZ Rvg©vb †ivgvw›UK Kwe †nbwiK †nB‡bi Dci M‡elYvi R‡b¨ W±i AvRv` ¯‹jviwkc wb‡q Rvg©vwbi wgDwb‡L Mgb K‡ib 3 AvM÷ 2004 mv‡j| wVK GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ 11 AvM÷ 2004 mv‡j Rvg©vwbi wgDwb‡L W±i AvRv`‡K Rvg©vb miKvi cÖ`Ë

†iwm‡W›Uwmqvj fe‡b W±i ûgvqyb AvRv`‡K g„Z Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl GL‡bv Rv‡b bv Kxfv‡e W±i AvRv` gviv †M‡Qb| Kviv Zuv‡K my`~i we‡`‡ki gvwU‡ZI wbwiwewj euvP‡Z †`qwb| W±i ûgvqyb AvRv`‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| hviv wewfbœ mg‡q Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi ûgwK cÖ`vb K‡iwQj ZvivB Zuv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z W±i ûgvqyb AvRv‡ì g‡Zv e¨w³iv euvP‡Z cv‡ib bv| A_P weGbwcÕi kvmbvg‡j ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax KzL¨vZ ivRvKvi Avjeì †bZv gwZDi ingvb wbRvgx, Avjx Avnmvb gyRvwnìv gš¿x n‡q Mvwo‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cZvKv jvwM‡q Ny‡i †eovq| Avi G‡`‡ki gvwU I gvbyl‡K Zv wbi‡e mn¨ Ki‡Z nq| KviY kvmK `‡ji ¶gZvi `vcU| W±i AvRv‡ì jvk †`‡k Avbv n‡j ivwpLv‡j Zuvi ˆcZ©„K wfUvq Zuv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq| W±i ûgvqyb AvRv‡ì cÖKvwkZ MÖš’ msL¨v 77 wU| Zuvi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ MÖš’¸‡jv wbgœiƒcÑ KweZv: A‡jŠwKK Bw÷gvi (1973), R¡‡jv wPZvevN (1980), me wKQz bó‡ì AwaKv‡i hv‡e (1985), h‡ZvB Mfx‡i hvB gay h‡ZvB Ic‡i hvB bxj (1987), Avwg †eu‡PwQjvg Ab¨‡ì mg‡q (1990), ûgvqyb AvRv‡ì †kªô KweZv (1993), AvaywbK evsjv KweZv (1994), Kvd‡b †gvov AkÖ“we›`y (1998), Kve¨ msMÖn (1998), †Pvlv eB (1999)| Dcb¨vm: Qvàvbœ nvRvi eM©gvBj (1994), me wKQz †f‡O c‡o (1995), gvbyl wn‡m‡e Avgvi Aciva mg~n (1996), Rv`yK‡ii g„Zz¨ (1996), ïfeªZ, Zvi m¤úwK©Z mymgvPvi (1997), ivRbxwZwe`MY (1998), Kwe A_ev `wÊZ Acyi“l (1999), wb‡Ri m‡½ wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi gay (2000), dvwj dvwj K‡i KuvUv Puv` (2001), Dcb¨vm msMÖn-GK (2001), Dcb¨vm msMÖn-`yB (2001), kªve‡Yi e„wó‡Z i³Rev (2002), `k nvRvi Ges Av‡iv GKwU al©Y (2003), cvK mvi Rwgb mva ev` (2003), GKwU Ly‡bi ¯^cœ (2004)| mgv‡jvPbv: iex›`ª cÖeÜ : ivóª I mgvR wPš—v (1973), kvgmyi ivngvb : wb¯^M© †kicv (1983), wkíKjvi wegvwbKxKiY I Ab¨vb¨ cÖeÜ (1988), fvlv Av‡›`vjb : mvwnwZ¨K cUf~wg (1990), bvix (1992), cÖwZwµqvkxjZvi `xN© Qvqvi bx‡P (1992), wbwep bxwjgv (1992), gvZvj ZiYx (1992), bi‡K Abš— FZz (1992), RjcvB i‡Oi AÜKvi (1992), mxgve×Zvi m~Î (1993), Avavi I Avav‡qv (1993), Avgvi Awek¦vm (1997), cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg : meyR cvnv‡oi †fZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ wnsmvi SY©vaviv (1997), wbe©vwPZ cÖeÜ (1999), gnvwek¦ (2000), wØZxq wj½ (2001), Avgiv Kx GB evsjv‡`k †P‡qwQjvg (2003), Avgvi bZzb Rb¥ (2005)|

wjs¸Bw÷K: cÖ‡bvgvBbvjvB‡Rkvb Bb †e½wj (1983), evsjv fvlvi kÎ“wgÎ (1983), evK¨ZË¡ (1994), evsjv fvlv- GK (1984), evsjv fvlv-`yB (1985), Zzjbvg~jK I HwZnvwmK fvlvweÁvb (1988), A_©weÁvb (1999)| wkï mvwnZ¨: jvj bxj `xcvejx ev evsjv mvwn‡Zï Rxebx (1983), dz‡ji M‡Ü Nyg Av‡m bv (1985), K‡Zv b`x m‡ivei ev evsjv fvlvi Rxebx (1987), AveŸy‡K g‡b c‡o (1989), eyK c‡K‡U †RvbvwK †cvKv (1993), Avgv‡ì kn‡i GK`j †è`~Z (1996), AÜKv‡i MÜivR (2003)| Ab¨vb¨ eB: ûgvqyb AvRv‡ì cÖePb¸”Q (1992), mv¶vrKvi (1994), Av‡ZvZvqx‡ì m‡½ K‡_vcK_b (1995), eûgvwÎ©K †R¨vwZ©gq (1997), iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii cÖ_g KweZv (1997), AvIqvi weDwUdzj evsjv‡`k (2004)| W±i ûgvqyb AvRv` evsjv‡`‡k †eu‡P _vKvi Avkvq 2004 mv‡j †`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x, we‡ivax`jxq †bÎx I †`kevmxi Kv‡Q GKwU †Lvjv wPwV wj‡LwQ‡jb| IB wPwVI Zuvi wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| W±i AvRv‡ì †jLv wPwVwU GLv‡b †Ìqv n‡jvÑ cÖavbgš¿x, we‡ivax`jxq †bÎx I †`kevmxi Kv‡Q †Lvjv wPwV

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