N,.-W, Lt E ouillne ihe
ieasons xhy
I
consicer
The Japanese peop16 need a
viess and aspirations. Prire Vinist€! fdaka,
2.
or Froject to
be so
ritally
clearcui expo3ltton of rftdca. this fron the daily Fress nor fiom Iron l,he Japaese CoErnrent jn
in ihis splihs of 1rl really d€sirc io mke ihelr cdtrtbutton to asia. siabitity. To nd€ foflad ,n thls ela ol pot€ntia1 post-,fietnan ftconciUa:lon, ,e .eed sddelines, ,lboE a[, w neod UDlted states has in nind. 3. ror a effectlve torei$ po1i.y u Asia, I believe, lbe Uniied States needs the udeGtandins tud snlpoii oI tbe Japaoese Feopfe. The Japsese people need to udersiad Arerica i! o er to joi! halds {ith Amdca. lr. I an conrinc€d ihat ou re1aed discussim togetber coErlns all o! as pepared by re ir the Jap@ese Falis of the lenethJ outlln rtuEuge can fulli11 the above r,hree desirabl€j even esseniial rcsu1ts. fhis is &€i e authodtauve AErice raenloint lron tmrtc.'s torercst spol€s@ today, direci to a larg€ &d vttal sesneni or the Japese Feonle ($e Medth: Th€ sugel Shmju, Jape's nost tnfl@ntla1 mnthly Jowa1 _F ld._€ j .,r' ,Isi_on oi !.1 o-'r -o0,o00 The Japan6se sorernmni and p6o!1e
lL.offio, GL" -_.>
Firct, I xoulc like 1,o tell ,bi, nr. in r'ietnan. f1cored the pea.e
T an suE
th3i all
ihe
rd grailiude lor ihe resrkable perceveFnc€ ,iih rhich yo! ad spe.ial ldvisor i,€ DDC the nesotiar:ions that linally .alnimted u r:he cease-lire agreeieni. -cnd also {e rere asl,ontslred md pleasBd xith Jou nor€ redsni discnssicns in Hmoi ed the Jap&ese share nJ resFecl,
jo1.r. s"ar.enent r.here. 'trestion ahich aiybod, xould be t ipted after havins acconplished these hisrodc nissio.6, do you
1 codd like to
boei ith
a
feel exhacted rtth ,ou dui:es .re.r or are
tven thouah
1,he
ol pdople }ho
do noi, seen
you eagerly
sianedt there
t
be co.vtaced
th3i
a
looki.g
fo
aF sti11 a
lastins
peace
rill
6rd io
nmbe! be
I xoo,le. hov you feel fim and dEable peace t. L& l.do-china peri.sDla as . xhole? Ard specirica11J,,hat, is the !o1e that the U.ttcd Siates is soing to assnre in that Feninslla by ray ot natniainios ih€ Feace, ,o.king ouu sore foh of Econciu.iton bei,,een the . ties concerred ed ftconstructton of the Nor{h
d,as beina roud't in \rietaan, mrry of ou Japares€ ialked quite se.io:cly abou! seered to have inflicied upon Amrtcos ad are.ican society in a.uber "-r xa/o--e.o5ion of valnesr breakdovr.f conftdence, an,l nomtinq a.it-so.ial bEhavi.r anons Lhe youth. In fac.u, .one oI the extrenisis in ,Japan thorehi tha: Ire.ica soclety,as on the
lihi1e the
a1s. recal1 l.har, cacr
lopular in mJ Farls ot the 'o.1d. i xould like 1.o h€ar Jou ctudid riels: l.ihal. rould ol the viial rrlessonsr ,hi.h ihe rlnit.d States cy iare
learcd fton ihe lai? lrhat t3 the
U.
Unil,ed
-. Polirv |or a"ja
1. Ia.ri naiionsJ
especially
Japan,
i.ieiesi tn the fut@
of
u. s. policy tmard asia. u,e,oDld like to kn.rj for exampL, vbeiher ot not r,h. Nuon Doctride !i11 be Edeflned
of tr. s. fo.eiE. policx happ€n
a.d ba3es ihe Unlted
ula., ,ith
peace
states
in the
-'hlted siar,e3 EttiiMes
it
Indo-China penlnsula, do you foft3Be
toNard
nuope &d f,asl, Asia, ,e are novins
tre.d,
runii€d staies
ts
a.r
states reslond--o.
hd
ln
East?
idsd
a
detenie.
I!
Iolld
the tiehr of this srai€s
alproaches the
ta take to e.sure do you
chanses
,i11 shtft lrft nsia
4d stabilfty dGs r,he untted gotns
In prti.-
a by-prodncr of a vietnarese
possible rhai mJor Areri.an lnteresi
expe.t io pre%il 1n asia?
conait@nts
throuehout the reeion?
iicludins ,rare to Erope or the lltddle
general
io ihe niliiary
as
pesce
in asra? Ho{ d@s the unt€d
p.rcondIy respo.d--to rhe nEsran
for a joinr, collectiv. seculity arranserent for Asia? Jointly pbdged not to seek hegerd, ln Did the United Sktes rerc1y go alone riih chlnese
derrfts
The United
sEt€s od
China have
or is this a ftm lre.ican resolve? Koftan
peninsnla,
a.lexs
Nox do you see
tne
to Jap$? cd ih€
rcal1y lorn 3 n€uiral zoe? rdrat about the
tn this siatetunt,
flte of the
nsErLn
futre of SE,ttO?
costrt€s
1.,n. this poi.i, i,onfd like io in
I
ashinston?
ask
sax
to
J,ru car,eeodcallr rhar
Japan,lll .or
thts qEstion t€carse forre. secrerarr af
I,at.d appeared to Japaese nerspaper readeG io h. slssestins a
role ror
in
JaFan
ity
I
nilitary
sonrheasi asta.
possibly plal any miltiary role in
Feopl,
Defense
tsia,
tbe Japeese
sr.onglrr shodd mitdze ou effor"ls io help achieve sr,ab
f€e1
and derelopnent
in Asia. I
iha United sia."es e*Fects
Japan
xonder Hhat
t.
is
_
the .o1e o! lospo.slbtltry
asslm tn this resarn. Hdr Dr, Xissjrg€r,
elro ,s t,@a.d thts end? Hov c& nutul endeavor tor r,he bereflr .f rlsia
d6velop cooFelar,ive
of constructivc
1. Follsins dlEctly d
the
arJore
poiits, 1 feel
r,hat re
n$i discss
rhe
secuity lreaty rhai point, and
'e hare bet,een oE t,o_comtdes rhar forre rhe ptvor,al in ou orer{1} rc1atl s. In the lieht of rhe cease-ftrs tn viet.an
,hat appean ro be a qeneral
rdduciuion
of tahston ih&lehont asia, rhere
i3 colsiderable sentiieirsl ihi*ing in Japan urat ih6 dace. of co.trtct any,he!€ tn Asia is der and bhat the.e are no futher srrareeic requireUnit€d
Siaies
d her
alrtes.
oppGtr,ionisis si11 be pressi.g
for early sbrogarion ot rhe Secuit, Treqry? ar.agerent 3tt11 has valtdtx? rrctnally,
I
treaty, ne {111
an hopins
ll
able to
Do you
feel this secu
,y
rhar, r,hrcueh a llexibre ,nplerenrario of
shifi
non-ntlitary aEas ol po1il-ica1,
possibility of
rhe enphasis fron tne economic and
r,he
ni}iiary.spect to
cufiual coop€Dtion?
such a shif-u?
rhst rhe trade
can ybu
inbahnce
is lhe hosi serios poinr of
conten-"ton, a.d one
thai tends io
spe.l,ire cuft..les are ltnk4d {lih ihis 13sre. I
I
hare been deeply concerned ahori Lhis
Etier for q$t6 s.re ttre. I hsve siaied sxrplus ris-a{ls
on a nmber
of oc.a3tons thai
should iE rednced to
s.rethin!:Iike lxo Siuion d.lkrs . year by aroad 19?5. 1(onu Ery nuch
ltke to hear yor vie
whai, do you
be Pesiceni Nif,on's exp€ctations
yolself
acceF-u
busin€ss
sh.dd ref1ect, on
rcx arlee thai the unlted star€s
l. cmiinuine this line of
inis Biter? Ind do you to by rhat AErlcan or lack of actions? ca rcsponsibili.,y f., the
of Japd
the viexpornt subscdbed
on
qDestionlns, plsase foryi,e re
.iaFn lelaiions. I&y Japtues€
udelsied io
if i B. sl,iu fur-
{oried der iheir feelinE tbat yoD om ilterest and odeniailon have been pred.ninently xith Euope and noi ,iih Japs o. Asia. Isajnst this backsromd, yd visited Jap& on r'o occasions 1si y€a. and Mde a b.ief stop-4e. in aebluary rhi3 these visits rou exchanced Tiss xith ]Hy.rapsese lddeh in ihe poltiical ard ecormic tields as rell as xith a ne]ber o, intenaiional polit,icat sci€ntists here, I my add that l pe.sona11y had the pleasG of b€tns haye
{ith repreoeniaiive Japancse, Jou E/ hare futher Efined you vie{s o ou comiry. l,Iould you tell re jusi hm you feel aboui Jals and 116 Jap&ese, a.d also,hat
,iu
knou abont Presideot riiaoh,s viens and r,hi.king
acinauy, you
iiLh
1.
r4ay
iha. in Jasan.
have
Harc
Japlnase ]â‚Ź8ders?
I
chanEe our snbject here
natre! Lok:.g i.to you dn past, {hat ioutd you say inffne.ced a scholar? x.d espectallJ /ou rcsi in you decision a scholar i! political s.i.nce and inte.@iI.naI relaL1ons. lhat !ou1, ,bu srJ are the particxlar e,e associati.n3 o. xdtings thai hare inflGnced yoE phtlosolhj or' diploB.y t. ure nosi prolohd,ay? that yon joiied P..sideni Nix.n ai l"\e lhiie HoEe pers@aI
at his l)ersonal reqEsl,
and eve. since ihen you hane lnaol"ed
rtral, 1 xoxtrd
call a sarsantua mchinery ol pner
tel1
1ed you r,o decide
of
us
{hai
Lhe United
and
yoursell tn
aurhority, to!}d
you
to leare Harvard to {oii
States?
s a thinker. Po, do you
feel about the atrr6ction that rpo,e.t tuv offer t. hen beines? Are iberc
of l.reign Folt., is ojtâ‚Źn described as be:ne trnonideol3sicalr, based @ sta* rca1isn llthin holever, --ed perhaps herc I an pa*tcula.1J inflrenced b/ ihe .rapaese are srill a doainanL foice 1n the b.oad area ot poriti.at and cnltual 1lle. So Lould ltke to kn., ?hai sort of sisnifrcece-{. Your philoso.h,
hd nuh stsnificance--you find in ihe
tveryone
dI1
asree
!o1e of ldeologies
ihai ,-u are one
peace
of nind?
I io.der
ren xhether
in .r rorld
in
the ,ho1e
rorti,
in you
da11J
rlu agree ihat in lhe ,:orld-{ot necessarily the I1loxld
mnge oI
cDltual
and
liJe ,hen you leel relaxed
ada.nced
and haye
a
3ense
industrtal nalions throushont tbe a.d ,apan 8lone--iheft are a n-!de-
socioLeical crtses that are rapidtr codns to the
foe? Student tlo. of you r are s@ of th€
in }arye ciuies
and a seening eliena-
exanp1e6.
ef,pkrn,hat the F.oblem are all about, many observers sayinc thar the cultual base of oE iradiiio.al 3oc1e-uies is breakins 'lrlang
1ile, \hat
1,o
do you
think
5. Drins Presideniial visite talked at lensih
are dovn
{ould you sal a 1'e ,o(ts
t,o
Pekjig md xoscn last year e.l also dur.ins
{tth na.y or th_a,orldis t.p
for conteiporaly po1tii.a1 leadershiD,
leaddrshlp.
Can you
s.y
a
1.,ts Pftsideni Nixon si6bd Ery cIearly, ii is lnFeratiye fo! u all today t,o b,i1d d naintain . :.ieration ot p€ace. Hore€r, peace,i11 remln prec.riomindeed,so1o.aasitiSl,bem1niai.edxtthin of the strat gy o, nacl€ar det€rft.ce. obviouslyr ihis strat€ey postts the bur I don,t belieE -!ha1, M's Easonins ce be costed npon
ir
3uch a
have sore other corponents
that nay c.mpensaie Jor txe insi.insic lallacy
-6-
of the rrbalance
Nsi
ii rhat a s6nse of mltraI trust is rostered an ns rhe leade.s md opinion-raiers of differin the l9:g!!!_!:lgts aErt€rly o! Janury, rt?l iJ beuel fiai xe nus! ,!rk hanlcr to do a,ay prejudtc€, anirositJ and sEpicton ad.nat 6uch actions liu help to ]ay a lim sroudro* for a lasti.e peace. I rould like,eir nuch lo hear you. see ro
in ihis themonucleer ae6?
f. ihis .uclear
aee, boln the unfted stares
ad
the soyiet union {111
,oi1d, rhe accoiFlishBnts 1n ihe SALT nesotiations of last ,€d Mdoubtedly lEk€d a sisnifica.i siep fo 8rd. The erirerely coiDlicatedj re kno,, ed dtrficu:li loi re gerera1 reader io conprehend. But. ca, you outlrne the trend of futher nesotiattons t@ard conplete nElear disarmrent? Are there tuy com. goak or pDpooes betu€en ihe suFrporers --the United Stai.s a.d ihe so,iei Union in reeanl r,o nrc1ear disa@rent? and ho, can srch
rediu-clas3 nuclea. pore.s as chi.a $d France be persHied
. oin T o' i,
lr.
Japan
,ith
a.ra -r' 4D -:n
o, ..:
ras ihe lirst natlon--aod I do hoFe it, hill be the last,--to he ar,iacked
abnnc \€apons. The Japanese ,over.rext has pr.claimd tr,s th.€e .on-
n!.lear principles md has comiiied ftselI to a policy thai ii ",tD never s. nulear. r hope thai ou sde..renr, N 1 take sore tnlr,tati,e i. ,orkins r:mard
nulear disarrerent
t.
and
intehaiional .o.trc1 of nlc1esr !6apons.
dec1are, as ahlna has done,
that they *i11noi E6 dncl€.r
or blacknail non-n'llear poxers. rf all tive .uclear po€rs rere io issE su.h a mnif.sio, ii vould so a lona,ar r,mard nini-
ihc t.equltias that
ln ihe NPI. 1 "onder uhethe. the IJ.s. to\emreni 1s lreF.ftd to mke seh a declaraiion. If
1. Erly lasi slmer rho. yon roE in Tokyd yon rei yith the press ed nade ad obse*ation thai in the niliiarJ field rhe uorld todaJr as y.tr see ii, is essen-"la11y ,bi-po1a.,j ,hile u the econontc flsld lt is rrmltipolar, . The. you added that in ihe polltrca1 li.Id the i6 rrsorerhere
'or1d
in bet een'.
of ,polarttyi vhich ,as behind rijeE you 3nge63tlos ihe tnevitabillty of a cenrer of a
would you elaborate upon the conc6p."
po,ei oloc, be tt Foliiical o. econdic? rf soJ r an.o." sE thar 11 proposiiion, for ine reastus that Llu describe.
First, tl
a
13
natio. lais to assure a.entu.al role in the poliiical
niqht say thal ii js td€.ttfying -itself xjr,h rsni ai ihe expe.ee cf the tntegdty and intetusl.s of lesser pc{ers. su.h a positton troxld even the odncil1e lard dox., fo! exanple, fie1d,
one
in the sins-u.s. joinr, comuiqEJ ,hi.h ctealb 3ra:es r'hat ,@Jor p&ers,i should .o'- I di,ide up ih€ ,or1d tnr.o Secondly, a
nltion lhich has ihe tubfi.ion io !1aI a leadershi, E1e
prot€cttonisn on th€ part, of other tradine s.rins hack
io ,.ur .beNa:ioos, I
rpoladty, yoa had
assure
ihat
pari.ersi
xhen you ralked abort
mjor
in rhe Hoxeylr, r Ey not,. thar Jail1n is diaret.ical1y oFpmac io e in any shape xhatsoeler.
i.
naj.r,cior in rery mD.h iJ you u.uld 6k beconrne a
r,oo as a
l,he sare
-B-
Nour
coirponent
equarion.
of p.rer poli cs, r appreciate , ot rFoladiy,,
2. EEn afte! r,h€ seti1etu.i of tbe Lrtetnan {ar, rhe Slao-soviei tensid is 1ik.1y io pose a serious th&at t. pea.e. Natually in lsia re ar6 Creaity con.erned about it. rL{ean,hi1a, the }orld laces th€ mquesriored ererrence of 0htna
on the
intemaiional
scene.
tora deie.ie? xhat is the likely !i11 deElop in asia? l. lJ
this
par,i6rn of the fdeicn poticies rhe/
hd is r,he unlied st3tes eoiii i,o derelop a siable relationship uiih both chtd ad the sovier union? can you corent on the Lkelthood of loml dipromti: relaiions ,lih chba? and xhere ,h
a5 a backsroudr
does the United Sia&s
VIL
0n
sodnnent stand as resards Taiye and tts turue?
rrerica,s .,rMd D.sl,
1. l rould like to he$ you vi*s csc€lning ?Ieslde.i Nisor's phtlosophy on the neh sdructu. of a lasttns Feace. Irhat, uontd lrcu say is r,he fEnEork of his thinkine? I,ihat aft sore of tbe specific policies 1,he xtxon adminisrEiion is Eolns 1,o dere1o peac6? uhar is the adnini5l,rar:ton,s vlex on Lhe role io be .sswd by rhe untted Na."iohs? r niF,ht sal, pare.-"her,_ icaI1y that a nmber of Japaese thintr l,hai ure unit.d Stares mishi sh4 nore &'"i?e inteEsi tu rhe rcle of the u.N. in buildins and Minialrinc,o.ld
inaqlual addftss, sr,resied aoth ihe necessiiy d the liaitatians ot s trerrc&.ote in nalnr,ainioE rodd Feace, ad cauedforeffoIt9ofseu-de1ponthepa.t,of.a.h 1 beliere ihat these are highlJ
Easonabl
and
xoutd ltke to
lresten t;nrole no!1d ttke to
have
U.S. forces
reBtn theie.
0n
the other haad, trey Amricas se expressile
lhe yiex that the u.s, should pull ont .t Eu.pe once a.d to, au. sinilsr-
otini.!6 are €xpressed co..erning tdtcan bases &d troops tn Jape as re}) as i. a3ra ed the Hos ,111 ihe untied
1y conaltciinq
Siat€s endea,or to accoB.:Ddat. th6se co^rlicrins desiGs and rish_"s?
The advanced
ind$t.lal nationsj
r,he Unfted Sratesr caneder JaDe and the
"uhe ed politicd instlrurions and hare na.Jr @y inl,.rests in con@ such as nutually bereticlal expansion ol lnte.mtional irade problere of enairon, rental pollutio! and so.la1 mrest in ou clr,les. rn in, riei, ft shoxld be .b16 t. cmrribute in a more direct ray ro e ode!1y md prosperoE volId tl xe k.!1, :n clNer towh ,ith each oiber, cosnttt.s ed coopra:ing iogroup, shai6
eether on
@tte*
oa
nntEl
as
,.11 as
e1oba1
sis.lticece. I xo.de. it
are i.clnded 1. Pieside.t Nixonrs
r!ft of last:ng Feace? The
lltddle East,, lrondere.rape dra,s nost :r3
oilr &mins a troubling,
.ot to sa, a f.ishtenins area. I xoutd lrke ro ask yotr xhat chances yor see to solve the c.ists oI ihe uidd} nasr? 5. 1 tun to the s.-.a1r.d No lL-solth problen--rhe sro,lns ixrralan.e in develo!rent betreen ihe inds1,.!a1 poNerc and the devetoptns nations, 1 Lelieve Lhai rbe is elvine crear, trouehr to the s)bjecr of
assisience, nucn .oncemed, The reaknesses ot aid Frosiare in ihe pasi aweI1-knom. f!i6 mkes re H4dor xhelher .r noi erFhasis nigbr possibly be rhifr,€d from slnsle_ninded effor,ls r,o developnent
econodc and .of,Freh..si,e ap_ proa.h ibai ,ould enconlass culiDal e{t sociological jnF.oyerenis sd rcdernizsllon alonq xith cco.onic !r@ih. llav. Jou rh.DdrL alonq ihese pronoie
nr. Ilissin&r, 1 an.onfident xe da. asree thai fddndry Japatusa-nrerican relaiions ae dbl1y inpoltaor: for ihe sm,lained p€ace ad elorine prosr,h. vor1d. lhts obyios faci rues 1r intl€ra € fo. us comtanily t,o Eriex 1.,e ne.d a 3ord-searching reelanl-laiion of thenj I beliere. 0u. rehttonship is e €rolving one. It certainly differs fron Nha," it ,as for so after the 'dny Jlars 'ar. once ,e fta1tze rhat ou .elations tluly ae ai the presoor re-define ,hat, i.tercsts arc. no you ae.ee ,ith rhis analyThen,
I lhi.k, cr tvo
serioc discNsi..s oushi to
preva
govermenis a.d F€oples shoxld e.saee
on Lhe kind
beireeo ou
of muial
in ne,,
and .ooperar,ire
ilo .ortrie3. r fi nx believe rhai sEh
a
}!n asree ,ith thi5 ri6, ol nine ihar ve should take ever, singre olpoltmtiy to fuure! €xpand oy dialoSE? -To re ii seem rhe sfest xay to Edue nistrusl, thai ray a.iso od the best ,ay 1n to Suild a fur,ure 'hlch of berefii ad hapDiness for us a1l. uould