q FOR THE PRESiTDENT,S
FII,E
rames r. w,cner rr"..,p..,", Amerr.an Embassy rokyo
,-/ i ,
,/
nl\|,/ )l
Meeairg vit]1 Eisakn saro, Japarcse prime Mihierer, on Friday, Jan!.ry 7, 1972 ar 9;30 a,h. in
Ptime Minieter Eisakr
Saro
Ambassador Nobuliko usniba AErbassador cenichi Akarani (rnrerplerer)
Kissinger, Assistarr to rne presidenr Iof National Secur y Affairs Jaaes J, wickel, Amelican Embassy Tot<y.
The Prime Minisrer becan by aBkirg vbeiher Dr. Kissinser could etop .fI ap"r ar rt. . oi.l, eron of r - o-eside.r s ,riIo p"L, ,8. proqled of course ]1e didn,t nave 2 ,tomacte ache trom earing roo mu.h rich The President agree.l, in confidence, proviaed lhis nor be ann.uced public1y, and instrucred D!. Kissinge. io coordinare witl Ambaseador The Prime
Midster ea?ressed his appreciarion, t nowing lov busy Dr, Kissinger i., and strgsesred ihat ii voutd be telptul ro ser a date. He agreed, of course, ro keep rhis wisii secrer,
T}e President asled rh2t ro lubli. announcemenr be ma.le or rhe subject ol tne wist, vhicl otrviously {o!1.1be china, eince rhis would precede nis orm visit to Moscow, He ad.ted rhar Dr. Kissinger .outd al3o briet rte Prime Midstei on the tatesr dewelopmenrs letarirg to tis torurcomir( y'l#5rd$Ebe codd ra'k'e r-""*','" y-':^'-"1: ?::
-':.111'-".1:P't1:
'
EO. 1:158, eed. 33
v{,tlb..-ana.oae
Dr. Kissinser said lrar rre Latter half ol Maich w.uld be
rhe
tesr time.
The Prim! Minister asked rhe Presidenr to consider tlat Ie also vould pLeased 1o meer wjth the President at any place )re migtr wisn io
le
Tne President lelr that Dr. xissinger's visit would .ause some tiouble with his Eur.pean lriends, bnt in wiev oi the s!€cial relarionship bet{een rhe unfted stares and Japan }e felr ft woutd be naiural t6 have him go. The Europeans Nould be brieted abour the peLi.g visit ar $e amhassadorial 1eve1, h€ p.ihred our, bur Japan wonrd be briere The Prime Mi ster expreseed his alproyaL, and i.quired vheurer rhis v6uld be Dr, xissihger s fi.st wist to Japan.
Dr. Lissi.qer relLied that, viur ure exception of brief srops e.route ersewnere, rhis Fould be his firsr visit since 1962. The Prime Minigter Baid tnat .onsideration sloutd be given ror a. appropriate non-sowernmenrar 3rotrp to eilend an invitali.n, Tne Presidenr agreed tnat it *ould he desirable nd rtre i.v ation.
r. lawe a!
The P.ime Minister feLt that (Fuji Bank chairman) ero'o wo'ld be pl.aocd -o 6n-. r rhF inv'.. !o. .
educational or
Mr. rwasais economic
The Plesident telt rhat nigt* tre bener noi to invorw rest l]lis appear ro cut across secrerary comalryis Lines of commnnication. The Prime Minisrer looked f.ivard ro sp€atinc cerman qith Dr. xissincer, e,plaining rhat tre had taren ni3 desree at Toliy. un iurispruden.e. He aLso added, (irh lervo., rhar Ie pould pray tor tne Presideniis 3uccess in Pehina.
Preside,r s vist and other ctrina N,rattels The Prime Minister noted tlai he had expressed 3one reserwations aiour tle different positions of Japan and rhe uniied stares vis-a,vis china. Hovever, since D.. Kissinger is arranSing tte viEit to peking, he as31fred lhat everytning would be an rigtt.
-P!
5]!-E!sc.e: explained
tlat
he bas ]1ad extensiwe discaesions
vhat i3, and vhat is nor lossible.
pith
the
inrerjec!€d rhat ve have made no deat.
pr. Kissineer
said rhat all our frien.rs votrld see. ar rhe €.d ot u€ me€tin8s in criina, rhat ve had rearfilhed our comitmenrs, and ve rhar ve ]rad made a deat. knev 'plainin putting us on rhe spotr anycni.a onr needs, ald had no intere3r ucertairries or doubts, he said, vould soon be .lispelled.
The Presideni, by way ot indi.aiing a. importanr ditrefence vhictr bears on our felatidns *iih Jalan and the pRc, noted ihis hornins,s relorr of tle chinese press attack on }im, not p€rsonally, but lor the failure ot the ulited staies economic policy. Tne cninese are comnnisrs, and
tlis Chineee aitack vas prompred by som€ two veeks or Sowiet press criti.ism.l t]le PRc lor its raihre to cr icize ihe unft€d srares, and on his
a
significanr nur the PRc did nor respo.d witn an artack a sense, rtre I)Rc nad to prove ts virsinty as power.
r.reign policy. rn
co]muisr
The Prime Mi.isrer said r itn the differences her,cen capftalism and commhish. Rather, te toped the.e is no dilferen.e ber*een Japan and t]]e unfted stares on tte absttacr poinr rhar china i3 onei regardress of rtether it is repr€sented by ihe pRc or ure Roc, as each claimed, The President repeated his statemenr o1 yeste.day, tlat eac]1 nation n independent decision, bu| tnar we storld .offllt fully vitl ea.l oiner vith respecr to chanses ot Fti.v. Nor did 6e uink that the United States and Japan should engage in an obvious race to Peking, beczuee in that case net]jer would vin, only peking The Prime Minister agreed and sai.l tlat Japan did nor inrenil to engage he noted llal rne announcemenr ot rte Plesidenfls wisit to Peking nad .ohe as a sreat shoct<. He limselt uhderst.od rhar rlis had rot bee. arranged behind Japan,s bact (over ih nead) bli dre Japanese peopl€ .rid not share his udei.tanding. Japan vas ahead, he added! in de ta.t. relarion
tle protlem presented to the hut emplasized lhat tLe announ.ement oi the vjsit vas one tnjng, and did not inwolye a cnarge in policy! hovever, a c}anse of policy wo!1d be anotner thing, on ,r1icn he would wisl to .orsuLt lul1y. The
Prcident
said that ne underEtood
The Prime Minisier said that Japan is tne maj.r *ading partner of fie PRC, wni.n must knov tlat it should nawe sowernmental conta.ts viil Japan. He sp€cnlated tlat Pel<ing is consiaering noe lov srch c.nta.ts can be turned to its ovn hest adwaniaSe.
!-::_!.S::rj: sard r ar on. _5 ne s ' .d a "d br o.c o wlen th€ President first mad€ lis initiative years ag. dfougr an oPen .lannel, tle PRc responded arroganrly and demanded many con.litions, but the Presidenr .onlintred steadily o. his om .ours€ and eventually t]1e PRC dropped an ils .onditions, onr cxlerience has shovn drat it vould lave been incorreci for ns in 1969 to lawe acceded t. ureir conditions in orde. io open a dialosle.
For e:arnple, the PIsidenr e4laihed, tle PRC demanded as conditions lor ta .s that {e get out o , and abrogaic our Security Treaty vifi tne ROC. we said no, accept any conditions. TLe Prime Minister tnanled them vitl s.he energy indicatjons, vhicn vonld ltre or gteai waLre t6lim. parties in Japan and priwaie groups have a[ been demanding ol lhe cOJ, atm.si as if 3irginE ure same poprrai song, tlat it n.rmalize relations immediately, The COJ, he explained, could only .ontinue, as ir had, ft aelend its om positio.. Since Japan is already the majoi trading pa*rer ot tlc PRC, he did not neljewe Japan needed to bow iis nead. Hovever, as tle opposition larties continued to dema.d relentlesely tlat tLc cOJ bow its head io $e PRC fieir refrain had Eradtrally been taken up by th€ public as vell, and las become a major d.mesti. .riti.ism o{tre GoJ. Ilis qnire helpfnl to tnow, he said, l}atthe PRC attitude toward tne united states in 1969 so tesehbles the PRc atitude tovard Japan today. eaplained $ai in ewery me€ting c}ou En-lai aLways lollowed the same eeqtrence. In tre lirsl p€riod, Clon alvays states his ovn position ih a tough anil eyieldirg manner, hut, acting u.der lirm ]1e aLvays replies i, an equally tough manner. Follo*ing this plaee, Chor votrld aLways clange his attitude ald howe on to discuss otner mar,ers. Speaking not in ideoL.gical terms, but in o started tneir
!l:4.!!gi!gj:
revolution in the moutains of crina o'er 2E years ago are toug! and nard men, and tespecr touchj hara adversaliesr sotr ones they svallow and dicest. He beliewed, rherefore, rnar the way to negotiate vth rhe ctine.e i. noi benigeienily, bnt fiimly, vfthour ciwins avay r11e store before rtrey come lorvard wiur Eometiing. The President said that he cod<l tell the piime Minisier p.iwarely, wit!olt sivi.g away any conliden.es, rhar Lis reaiting of rte records ot Dr. Kissinger's conrersarions strovs nlar rne pRC rates rhe ussR as it. sironSest potential adveasa.y. Japanis policy is .orrect, ir this is any indicarion, because rlE pRc .espe.ts a .r.ong, .ohperjtive ad*reary, ana ii does respecr Japan. rf Japan vere ro .ravl, or to ru to peking, ite bargainihg po3itio., ne concluded, vonld evaporaie. asl<ed whetner
tt€ \!ra13av Talts
prowided rte basi6
Tne President said tle warsa* Tal}s were jNt o.e part, and ror r]re host importanr; therc were oflrer3, wlicl were more imporiarr. Ho{ewe!, he added, ve do .ot do
pr. xissin!er
observed ttat while Mao exercjsed oler-all control, chou En rai maraes alL the day-to day decisions, and h€ mowes ai his owD !a.e. r p{shed, te vitl do noiting.
1le Prime \ninisrer had been
asked wtretber Rofranian
instrmental in arransins
Piihe Minister
Ceausescu
The P.e.idenr sald that he qas one The Prime Minister mu.hn ttere wercmany. He continlcd, saying that Mr, whftLam, head ot Ansda had passed .n helplnl inJ.lmarion to tle coJ in Toky. Iolloving 6is wi.jt t. Peking, bur lad declined to serve as any sorr ot e recently, Pierre Mendes-Fran.e had sropped in Tokyo enroute ro pekinc, and had receiwed a triefing on ihe situarion in Ja?an. He said ihat he would not knov until Iater eneite! this had been !sefn1.
Tle Prime Minirrer
rLen said rtrat Japan ha. rwo major conmunist povers as n€ignbors. The USSR, he felt, is more concer,€d vitt Eu.ope, and vorld pay little heed to Japan Ber€ it nor rot fts ])roblems ,th rhe pRC. witl .espe.i r. normalizing telations wfth rhe pRc, wtic! rne Japancse vished to ato in view of rneir historical relarions wirb china, he said the coJ pourd noi a.t in hasre, bnt nefthe. did it wisr ro aelay undlly.
6
The Presidenr aSreed ihar tle ussR looled to Europe, hur noied arso rnai it nas deweloped ar ele in iie back to ke€p wat.h .n China. ln fact, he said, the ussR maintains China 6order than on ils The Prime Minister snggeered that rne P.esidcnr, while in cnina, migri inform rhe PRc, as approlriate, tnai tre coJ desires ro normalize its relations witb the PRc, he said, rhat LDP politi.ian Kenzo Matsumura use.l lo rrge that Japan serve as a bridg€ lrstu.cn china and tle united srate3, blt nov dre roles hav€ b reiterated nis reqEst that tne President, as appropriate, inrorm tle PRC rhar rhe GoJ vis]1ed to n.rmarize retarions. Paradoxi.aL as ltis seemed, he hoped that l1le Presiitenr vould be slmparheiic.
Tie President said that we teLi€ved io be eseential r}at toSetler on our t6rms, not rhcirs. nnderstood, and sai.t ihat hastily. He sueqested tLat S-ALT and
we mowe
fie discussion ol clila
shate,ic Deterrencc
Th. Pnme MEister
ashed
il llere {ould
he a s
The Eresident repried rtrar tre helieved there \!otrld be .ne. l! rIe SALT neSotiarions, rre eaid, rhe ussR tas sougnr ro timii united srates defensive missiles, vhile tle united states ras !.trghr to limit ussR long ruSe missiles. He lelt it important tnat ure Prihe Minister knov tnat we have been negotiatins realisticany, without any idea of seekins an ag.eement at any price, and vith ihe firm intenti.n of not allowins the n€goiiations ro qealien rhe deterrenr capabilfty tle united states needed ro nono. its secnrity comitments in Asia (inclnding Japan) and EDr.pe. If any agreement *ere t. be !oac)red that world permanently pLace the United Siatee in second place to tle UssR in nu.Lear capability, he !as vell aware ol the devastating eIIect tnis vourd lare on tle iorLd baLance or ?o!!e. and on onr allies l]1roug]lort the vorld. A6 long as he is Ie vould rewer allov t]le United Statcs hy virtue ot an agreemenr, ro rake sec.nd placc to ure ussR. They understand and resp..t power, he added, and ve intend to keep our p.yer.
Tle Prihe Minirter
ashed a simpte queErion: {har degree ol superiorfty slould tne Free 1{or1d mi.tain oyer tle c.mnnist side?
The President said ttar rtris is a complicared qlesrion. The ussR is primarily a rand pover, vtrile ihe united srates and its allie, are hott land and sea povers. Theretore, Nrat lre nced to provide a. adequare delensive ahd dererrenr carability dilre.s trom what t]1e ussR .eeds! ve necd more sea power, and urey need more Cround divisions. Tre resr, he shessedi is whar desree of pover is snlfi.ienr to deref the USSR, and eve.hlalty the PRC il tney become a supe attacling a,y part ol the Free wor1d, Strch dererren of course, in.lude alt tne Free world s air, naEl and land ror!:es. The Prime Minisrer asked whelrrer it would be is ihporta.t to keep subha!i.eB on station in ile
Fai Ea3i
it i3, as welL as mainraini,g air deyelopment .r.ncLear submaaines.
T]1e President dgreed that
i...es,
and
asled sheurer satellites are also rmlottant. said that on our part sarellites prowided helptul inrelligence,
.o sisnificant developme.t oI orbitaL nu.lea.
weapons.
Tre Piime Minister stre3sed nis bclief $at the Free world musr c.ltinue to srpport a stratesic dcterren.e, and maintain fts .ompetftiwe
position to tne maximtrm d Beyond any quesrion of dorrltrr he felt the ussR and PRc have an adwanrase in rleir ab ty to mailtain rtilitary poyer, but ewen though tley can requirc rheir people ro rake gteat sacrilices in rlei. srandard of rjvinc, ftrere are built-in limits to
T'." Ils!.!:!_ s" d r-"' rn" P-' ." v'r'ete. h"o di.., . d c)po: 't. Japan is now ihe {o.]d s tlird ].3rgesr economic pover, witr a cNP 2 l/2 timcs as ereat a5 rhe PRc. !undamentally tle Free world is hore prodnctiwe than the commmist w.r1d, and vill c.ni viden ihe huge gap betveen tLem in rerms oI indrstrial capacty. This indnst.ial cala.iiy wonLd be exrrcmely hetptrl iI an aims buildnp were reqnired. ljowever, he said, our motiwation is t. eork tor an arms limiiarion, ana to avoid a sin.e netter side .on1d win. The Primâ&#x201A;Ź Mirjsrer agreed thar this i5 probally rrue. TechroloSicarly, he said, Japan is dependent in this area on rhe Un ed States, and fn.rher ts iadustry. Japan mut p.ocu.e defensiye vea?o!. lrom tle unfted srares. He asked vretrer urere was any oiher point ne slonld kn.v abour SALT,
The Presideni re?ried rhat tre had dis.ussed eweryrhinS we trnoq at ihis
point. In March, Dr. Ki3singer .ould updare rhis i.tormarion, vhen ]re wisfted Toriyo, if there were any nev dewelopmenrs ny rten, He
noted thai an asreehent may be reacled, but not netore ]1e wis ed Moscov in May. Both siaes, he reterared, are har.l,leaded in rhese
Burder Snarins The Prime Minirrer said rnat Japan s purchase ot united srateB milftary hardvare conhibDtes tovard a 6€tter talan.e ot trade.
Tle President agreed, llt emphasized llat ihe scate ot onr imbalance jn He explained thar ft would be hosi helpfut il Japan decided to ?ur.hase tre Norr)rrup F-t jer irainer. Conceding rtrat au nations vished to blild their o{n air.raji, neverthetess he sfressed rhar rhe F 5 is tre best rrainer avaitable, and costs 1es rhe custom in these discussions relatirs to o<inava, he reterated thar tneleiSnodirectIinkwitltradeandotnelprob1ems he
uderstood vonld be setrled saristacror y nelr week,
Howewer,in1ermsoltIepoliti.alsituatio!intneU P.esidenr said rlat it eoutd be most nelpful ii Japa., not directly 6ut indiiectly, .ould mal<e prrchases or ot}ler financiat arrangehents in respecr to $e ea+ensjve hil arv estarlishnent rtre unfted states majn_ T]le Prine Ministei said tnat Minister of Inrernational Trade Taraka is nov diS.ussins tris poinr.
TIe P.eeident said that se.tetaiy Comauy world appreciate tne Prime The Prime Minister e4lained trar Japa.'r 4rh Delense Buildp ie being 6cale.t dovn som€vhar, bur will irclude ihe purchase o, nev a.mS from ure United Siates, In Ju1y, S€cletary Laird wisfted Japan, and vnile he praised tne Sell Defense For.e maintena.ce of iis eqnipmeni, newerthe less le pointed .rt its .bsolescence, wlrich brorghr home to him (the Prihe Minist€r) the need for Japan ro purchase moden eqripment.
NPT and Nu.lear Strategr asked whether Jalan shoul
Tne Presider! rellied that each nati.n slotrld landle this problem in It j3 not a mailer ror us to deciae, the lieht ol its and we respect the ri8l]t ol €ach nation to decide lor itsetl in the light ol its oin interests and its om desires. Tne United States, h€ said, is ,ot exeltlng pressrre on Jalm to ratrfy.
In fact, t]le Presiden! continu€a, Japan might take its time, and ths keep any potentiar enemy concerned. He then asked i]1e Prime Minister to forqet tle precedins remark. The Prime Minister asled Ambassad.r Us]1ila if inspe.tion i3 ile o y uri,g nolding up Japan s ratilication. Ambassador Usniba replied that The Preside.t emphasized tlat irspe.lion is very important, indeed. ishment, he contirued, 1fnal Japan Blould do abo is a protlem for Japan to decide, jn terhs 6r all ite deep-rooted hisi.rical ald p.litical ra he pointed ont, i" Iie wied Ja?an's position in Asia and tl1e world would be strencthened if th.se vho might lre.ome Japan s opponents were giwen cause to sorry. F.r itomesli. ptrr?oses le nnderstood urat the COJ had to say that Japan w.!Ld n.t develop its military pover, brt in tcrms of serving Japan s interest in roteign p.licy ]1 s neighbors some co.cern, and not say s?ecificaLly vhat it v.uld,ot d.. He recalled that Presidcnt Eisennowcr alvays stresEed inat it is imporrant not to te11 an enemy vhat ve vonld do, b€cause he could prepare to neet it, bnt ewea moie impoltant not to 1e11 an enemy wnat we vould !.t dd becalse it w.!ld enconraCe lim to pusl n6 aroud, The !ri:!q!li:tig!9r said t]1at urc anti -wa., arti-secrrity treaty leelings ir Japan are deep-rooted. It the situation changed, Japan wo!1d wish to dcfcnd itsell, 6ut urc .h.cl or the var is stil1 deep and more time iS did,ot apply needed beJore a change cotrld tare place. to th.se to. y.ug to remember t]1e *ar and its altermatl. At lresent, Japan'e policy is to build its delensiwe capability in ..nsonan.e witl its om national popcr and in lignt .f latjonal co.ditions. I]oveyer, defenre etrt postulate a hyPothetical eremy {itnoli heing snbje.t i. intense .riti.ism. He ,olcd that tne hudget lor the sell Delense Forces is a bit less tlan r% ol GNP.
continuing, the Prime Minister lecalled tle President's lirst visit to Japan as vice President, on vhich occasion ne qelcomed rim at the aitport in Tokyo. He also recallcd the arriwal remarrs in sli.h ile then vice President adv.caied that the Ja?alese draw up tleir .wn corstitution. It is er:tremely ironical, he observed ihat tle Japanese Sociali.t Party whicn otlerwise advo.ates radical cnarge j3 comited to defe.ding ure statrs qDo of JaPan s Peace Constihrtion. The Prâ&#x201A;Źsident interpreted this io mean
tlat
the Sociarists qisned to
8!!9a!!!!!q!9r asreea. He comhented that ihe y.Mser PeoPle ale lregiMing to vant to delen.l Japan tnemselves. The
Ho-ewer, tle Prime Minister strcssed urat all Japanese abno1ntr.1ea!
TIe Eaieq!!rgEt!9! tlen erplained ttat .orsiderable data o! ure atom lorbins }as been retxrneil to Japan re.ently, and put on diEplay at ure Peace Mleeum in Hiros]1ilro. Last year he said that he tool part ir $e Ausrst 6 a.niwersary .eremories ai Eiroshima, tlc lirtt time a.y P.ime Minisie! has done 60, a.d on that occasion he wi.ited ure M'senm, more deepry the horror of nucrear veapons. Ihe P.c.-dent sa-d lh". he aleo >"! .1,8 .n
1965.
The lrimc Minisic! said inat sohe additiolal material is re?orted to be still in fle Unted Slaies, and asked vhetler it too could be retuued to Hiros]lima, on trre CroMds that j.int study of the material is best.
Tne e]!g!lgg! recaued a become a Pcking dlck,
nuting story, that a sitting du.k .ourd easily
Tle Prime Mi.ister comentâ&#x201A;Źd that Ie vould probaniy )rawe to tale part i. the universary cercmonies in Hiroshima dd Nagasaki in alternate years, since it vourd be difficult to attend both every year. Nnclcar and cB weap.ns Tne Prihe Ministe. expressed nis connction tlat there are no American nuclear {eap.ns in Japan, but noted shar? Sociatist and commujst Party criticism in tLe Dier abotrr rhe aLLeged ?re6ence of American cB we.pons. tle arhed v}ether tle Unitcd States .oulil landle th
&-4j!g!4!s!
said rhat he nelicved tnere are no cB veapons in rapan.
The President said that the Unika $atus las destroyed its stoct ol biologi.al vâ&#x201A;Źalons, ex.ept for a minnte qua.tity needed lor meaical code nLnberins system use.l to identity amunition maCaz\ne., 1, Z, 3, and 4, ol whicn it Ms generally believed that .t indicated .nemical weapons storage. Wnen ihjs issle vas raised in i]1e Diet some storaae maaazines at Ure Ivalu.i MCAS were hastiLy repainted, vli.l in.reasea suspicior in Japan- rle suagested that my .ode sy provided it is not chansed suddenly in tle {ace of allesations.
The
!ri!gq!!1a!j9: specifi.ally raised tne
TIe President tnen suese.ted that Sec.etary Rose.s and Foreien Minister Iutuda lre invited in io j.in tle dis.ussion or otinawa.