CHINESE TEA & CULTURE ViconyTeas Release 2014
The History of Chinese Tea 5000 years ago • Shennong • Medicine & Food The Portrait of Shennong
Han Dynasty: Tea as herbal medicine and drink Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Early stage of Tea Culture •The Elixir of the Taoism •"advocating Honesty with Tea" of the Confucianism
The Tang dynasty(618-907) was a prime time during the development of the Chinese feudal society, which provided excellent social conditions for the promotion and popularization of tea and tea drinking custom. However, comparatively speaking, the development of tea culture in the Song dynasty(960-1279) had more changes and innovation than the Tang dynasty. For example, the way of tea drinking, the varieties of tea, the literatures of tea and the supervising organizations had all undergone great breakthroughs in the Song era.
Ancient utensils used to cook tea in Tang dynasty unearthed in Famen temple, Shangxi
A Teapot Made in Song Dynasty
The Classic of Tea Cha Jing čŒśçś“
The founding emperor of the Ming dynasty(1368-1644)-Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict to abolish cake tea and replaced it with bud tea instead(before that, tea was all fine powdered and then pressed into cakes. It was labor intensive and time consuming) which promoted the creation of many new production and processing skills of tea in the Ming dynasty. In terms of tea processing skills, the roasting skills kept developing and gradually exceeded the way of steaming; in the aspects such as tea garden management, tea collection and mastering the botanical characteristics of tea plants, there all were more improvement and development than in the Song dynasty and the Yuan dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding Emperor of Ming dynasty who abolished cake tea and replaced it with loose tea in China
A Teapot Made in Yaozhou Kiln in Ming Dynasty
A Yixing Purple Sand Teapot Made in Ming Dynasty
In the Qing dynasty(1644-1911), besides the men of letters and the royal family, drinking tea also began to be popularized as a kind of custom among the ordinary people, and became a part of conventions. An important symbol of the popularization of tea drinking among the people was that the modern teahouses mushroomed and became an important social place for all the classes, including the common people.
Tea Sets of Chinese Qing Dynasty
Tea Sets of Chinese Qing Dynasty
A Teapot of Qing Dynasty
China’s Tea Producing Area -Mainly divided into four parts
Tea Producing Area of Southern China （华南茶区） Including: South of Yunnan Province South of Guangxi Province Middle and South of Guangdong Province Southeast of Fujian Province Taiwan Province Hainan Province
Tea Producing Area of Southwest China （西南茶区） Including: Middle and North of Yunnan Province North of Guangxi Province East of Sichuan Province Part of Southeast of Tibet Guizhou Province Chongqing
South Tea Producing Area of Yangtze River （江南茶区） -The Main Tea Producing Area Of China
Including: North of Guangdong Province North of Guangxi Province North and East of Fujian Province Hunnan Province Jiangxi Province Zhejiang Province South of Hubei Province South of Anhui Province South of Jiangsu Province
North Tea Producing Area of Yangtze River （江北茶区） Including: South of Gansu Province South of Henan Province Southeast of Shandong Province North of Hubei Province North of Anhui Province North of Jiangsu Province
Varieties of Chinese Tea How many kinds of Chinese tea do you know?
Green tea
红茶
White tea
青茶
Black tea
黄茶
Yellow tea
绿茶
Oolong tea
花茶 白茶
Dark tea Scented tea
黑茶
Green Tea （绿茶） -Has The Biggest Number Of Types In China
The national drink of China [ 国饮 ] Main functions ： •Dispel the effects of alcohol •Clearing away summer-heat •Refresh oneself
Main Types:
Anji Baicha
Green Tea
Biluochun 碧螺春
安吉白茶
Huangshan Maofeng 黄山毛峰
Taiping Houkui 太平猴魁
Longjing 龙井
Anji Baicha 安吉白茶
Biluochun 碧螺春
Longjing( 龙井） Huangshan Maofeng 黄山毛峰
Biluochun (Pi Lo Chun) Birthplace ďźšDong Ting mountain of TaiHu Jiangsu province, China
Features : 1.Flowery with a lasting sweet aftertaste 2.Complex and delicate taste 3.Tiny, slightly curled tea leaves covered with white down
Anji Baicha Birthplace ďźšAnji County, Zhejiang province China Features : 1. Fresh, floral and mellow with lovely lemony notes 2. A soft, silky mouthfeel and a sweet aftertaste 3. Slender, tender pale jade-colored leaves
Longjing Tea (Dragon Well Tea) Birthplace ďźšWest Lake, Huangzhou, Zhejiang province, China
Features : 1. Fresh, floral and mellow with orchard fruit notes 2. A soft, silky mouthfeel and a sweet lasting aftertaste 3. Greenish, whole flat and neat leaves with sharp edge
Huangshan Maofeng (Yellow Mountain Fur Peak) Birthplace ďźšHuangshan, Anhui province, China Features : 1. Fresh, mellow with lovely nutty notes 2. A pleasant floral aftertaste 3. Slender, tender pale jade-colored leaves
White Tea （白 茶） -Gains Great Popularity In Recent Years In China
Birthplace ：Fujian Province
Bai Mu Dan (White Peony Tea)
Features: 1.Plant :whitish appearance 2.Liquid: yellow-green 3.Fresh smell
Baihao YinZhen (Silver Needle Tea)
Bai Mu Dan (White Peony Tea) Birthplace ďźšFuding,Fujian province, China Features : 1. Smooth and mellow 2. Cucumber fresh with soft fruit notes 3. Tender green one or two leaves with one bud
Baihao Yinzhen (Silver Needle) Birthplace ďźšFuding, Fujian province, China Features : 1. Light, delicate quenching flavors 2. Fresh full textured with a satisfying velvety finish 3. Light, plump and large downy tips
Black Tea （红茶） -Originated In China And Spread And Known Worldwide
Main functions ： • Help
manage - or even prevent - diabetes
• Help
protects your heart
•A
tremendous source of potent antioxidants
• May
help with weight loss
Main Types:
Keemun Tea
Black Tea
祁门红茶
Tan Yang Congou 坦洋工夫
Lapsang Souchong 正山小种
Yunnan Black Tea 滇红 Bai Lin Congou 白琳工夫
Keemun Congou 祁红工夫
Lapsang Souchong 正山小种
Keemun Maofeng 祁红毛峰
Yunnan Black Tea 滇红
Lapsang Souchong -The Oldest Black Tea In The World
Birthplace ：
Tongmu, Wuyishan Mountain Fujian province, China
Type: Traditional Lapsang Souchong (smoked with pine woods),
Modern Lapsang Souchong (without being smoked) including Jin Jun Mei （金骏眉） and Yin Jun Mei （银俊眉）
Features: 1. Richly and smoulderingly smoky yet with great harmony and wealth of dried Longan aroma (Traditional Type) 2. Mellow, fruity and flowery (Modern Type such as Jin Jun Mei)
Keemun Tea (Qimen Black Tea) Birthplace ：Qimen County, Anhui province, China Type: Features :
Keemun Congou （祁红工夫） , Keemun Maofeng, （祁红毛峰） Keemun Aromatic Snail( 祁红香螺） Keemun Golden Needle （祁红金针）
1. Thin and cut leaves. Complex aroma with a hint of smokiness (Keemun Congou) 2. Fuzzy-tipped tight whole leaves, toasty, chocolaty and fruity (Keemun Maofeng Tea or Keemun Aromatic Tea)
Yunnan Black Tea (Dian Hong) Birthplace ：Fengqing County, Yunnan province, China
Type: Features :
Dianhong Congou （滇红工夫） , Yunnan Gold Bud, （滇红金芽） Yunnan Golden Snail （滇红金螺） Yunnan Golden Needle （滇红金针）
1.Thin and cut leaves in black and gold . Mellow, Fruity and full-bodied (Dianhong Congou) 2. Naturally curled, slender whole leaves. Delicate, sweet, brisk, flowery （ Yunnan Gold Bud, Golden Snail and Golden Needle)
Oolong Tea （乌龙茶） -Of The Most Amazing Diverse Taste And Flavor
Main functions ： • Stronger Immune System • Strengthens •A
teeth
tremendous source of potent antioxidants
• Help
with weight loss
Main Types:
Tieguanyin | Iron Goddess of Mercy 铁观音 Taiwan Oolong 台湾乌龙
Oolong Tea
Wiyi Yancha | Rock Oolong 武夷岩茶
Fenghuang Dancong | Phoenxi Oolong 凤凰单枞
Tieguanyin Oolong (Iron Goddess of Mercy) Birthplace ďźšAnxi, Fujian province, China Type: Features :
1. Lightly roasted Tie Guan Yin 2. Heavily Roasted Tie Guan Yin (traditional type) 3. Moderately Roasted Tie Guan Yin
1. Green and tightly rolled in ball shape 2. Light green Jade color. Very flowery (lightly roasted Tie Guan Yin); Complex, less floral (Heavily Roasted); A good balance Tieguanyin Oolong of floral aroma and complex taste (Lightly Roasted) (Moderately Roasted)
Wuyi Yancha (Wuyi Rock Oolong) Birthplace ：Wuyishan Mountain, Fujian province, China
Type:
Rougui （肉桂） ,Shuixian （水仙） ,Dahongpao （大红袍） Baijiguan （白鸡冠） , Tieluoshan （铁罗汉）
Features : 1. Close, tight and slender in dark 2. Flowery, mellow, rich and complex with long lasting sweet aftertaste
Pure Qidan Dahongpao (Big Red Robe Oolong)
Fenghuang Dancong (Phoenix Dancong Oolong) Birthplace ：Chaozhou, Guangdong province, China Type:
Mi Lan Xiang （蜜兰香） ,Huang Zhi Xiang （黄枝香） , Yu Lan Xiang （玉兰香）， Da Wu Ye （大乌叶）
Features : 1. Beautifully rolled into even fine stripes in goldish-dark color 2. noted for their ability to naturally imitate the flavors and fragrances of various flowers and fruits.
Phoenix Dancong (Huang Zhi Xiang)
Yellow Tea （黄 茶） -The Most Elusive Chinese Tea
Type:
Junshan Yinzhen （君山银针） , Huoshan Huangya （霍山黄芽） Mengding Hungya （蒙顶黄芽）， Huoshan Huang Da Cha （霍山黄大 茶）
Features: 1. Adding an extra step during production, called "Sealed Yellowing" （闷黄） 2. Sweet, mellow and bright yellow in color, while without any hint of grassy taste Huoshan Huangya characteristic of green tea. (Traditional Type)
Dark Tea （黑茶） Type:
-Kept Longer Taste Better
Ripe Puerh Tea （熟普洱） , Aged Raw Puerh Tea （陈年生普） Liu Bao Dark Tea （六堡黑茶）， Hunan Dark Tea （湖南黑茶）
Features: 1. Brown infusion, mellow and smooth. Some kinds of puerh would smell flowery 2. Kept longer taste better Aged Puerh Tea
Scented Tea ( 花 茶 ) 1.Mostly made of Green tea or black tea and flowers 2. Aromatic flavor ( 香气浓郁 ) Types:
Premium Jasmine Tea -Jasmine Silver Needle
1. Jasmine Scented Tea 2. Rose Scented Tea 3. Osmanthus Tea Premium Jasmine Tea -Bi Tan Piao Xue
Do you know? 1.How many kinds of tea we have mentioned ?What are they? Green tea , White tea , BlackBiluochun tea ,DarkJasmine tea, 2.Which kind does tea Green tea Yellow tea ,Oolong tea belong to? Scented tea
3.Which scented tea is most popular?
4 、 Which province is Pu-erh’s birthplace? Yunnan 5 、 Which kind of tea is the most popular Black tea one in the west?
Why tea is popular?
Benefits of drinking tea 1 Medical value 2 Eliminate grease 3 Lose weight 4 Refresh oneself 5‌
Medicinal value 1.Anti-cancer 2.Lower blood pressure 3.Improve eyesight
Do you want to know how to become beautiful by drinking scented tea?
Tips about scented tea 1 Skin whitening ： Rose tea 茶 Peony tea
玫瑰 牡丹 茶
2 Lose weight: Lemon grass tea( 柠檬草 茶) Jasmine tea （茉莉花 茶）
3 Reduce Stress 紫罗兰花茶
violet
金盏花茶
marigold
Please think‌ 1 Please list at least four benefits of drinking tea. Marigold violet
2 Which scented tea can help us to reduce stress?
3 Can you spell 牡丹花茶？ Peony tea
The Art of Tea 茶艺 • The art of tea including the tea ceremony, the technique of brewing tea, the process of tasting tea, tea set, tea paintings, etc.
• 1st Stage: Prepare The Surroundings The ceremony should be carried out in an appropriate space. A table large enough to hold the tea-making utensils, the drip tray, and the water is the minimum necessary. Ideally the surroundings should be peaceful and conducive to relaxation and socialization. Incense, flowers, and low, soft, traditional music will all add to the ambience, as will songbirds.
•
2nd Stage: Warm The Pot And Heat The Cups 温壶烫杯 At this point the cups and pot are laid on the table. They are then warmed and sterilized with hot water, the excess is then poured away. When pouring from the cups in the Taiwanese style, the wooden tweezers may be used instead of bare hands.
• 3rd Stage: Appreciate Excellent Tea 鉴赏名茶 At this point those who would partake of the tea during the ceremony examine and appreciate its appearance, smell, and its other characteristics.
• 4th Stage: Put The Tea Leaves Into The Pot 乌龙入宫 The teapot is filled with tea. For a 150 ml tea pot at least 15 grams of tea leaves are used, however depending on the size of the pot and the strength of the tea the pot may be filled between 1/2 and 2/3 full.
• 5th Stage: Brew The Tea Rinse the leaves by using hot water and then pour out the water. 行云流水 Refill the pot with hot water poured from some height above the pot. 悬壶高冲 The bubbles which may have formed on the surface are removed using the lid, and pour hot water on surface of the teapot. 刮沫淋盖 Wait for tea aroma and serve the tea to the guests. 高冲低斟
• 6th Stage  Aroma Appreciation Aroma appreciation consists of four steps: smelling, looking, tasting and relishing. Like meditation, aroma appreciation requires an inward-turned mind in a peaceful world.
• 7th Stage: Compliment The ceremony ends with the used tea leaves being put into a clean bowl for the guests to appreciate the tea in its used form. Good etiquette dictates that the guests should make appropriate compliments regarding the choice of tea.
• 8th Final Stage: Cleaning Up Brewed tea and tea leaves should not remain in the teapot after the tea-savoring. It must be cleaned up thoroughly and rinsed with hot tea. Utensils must be sterilized with boiling water. The tea pot should be rinsed with hot tea and the outside of the pot should be rubbed / polished with a good linen cloth. A teapot should never be rinsed with water, nor washed with detergents or soaps. Allow the tea pot to dry naturally. Let the utensils and serving cups air dry on a tea tray.
Characteristics of Chinese Tea Culture • Elegant in atmosphere Tea-drinking, or rather, tea-savoring is not only to get out of thirst, but also to enjoy the pleasure, to reflect upon oneself, to think about life. It leads to the peace in mind.
Characteristics of Chinese Tea Culture • Various in forms Chinese tea culture is expressed in forms of poetry, painting, proverb, objects (tea leaves, tea service, etc), cultural activities, restaurants, gifts, process of tea-making and tea-savoring, etc.
A masterpiece by Chinese ancient famous painter,Liben Yan, showing a scene of people of Tang Dynasty boiling tea.
The Spirit of Tea 茶道 • Profound in thoughts, as well as the most important part. • Chinese tea culture is based on the Confucianism and integrates the distillation of Taoism and Buddhism. • It emphasizes the harmony with nature, soul and mind.
Spiritual Content • Harmony “ 和 ” is the core value of Chinese tea culture. 1. Harmony is the common thought in Confucianism(“ 大 和 ” , “ 中 庸 之 道 ” ） ， Taoism （天人合一） and Buddhism （禅茶一 味） . 2. In Tea Scripture, it is illustrated by the design of the wind stove, an instrument used to make tea. The wind stove is made of iron( 金 ), put on the floor( 土 ), to boil( 火 ) the tea water( 水 ) with charcoal( 木 ). Thus, the process of making tea is actually the harmony or balance among the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire and earth.
Spiritual Content • Harmony “ 和” is the core value of Chinese tea culture. 3. In steeping tea, it is expressed in the harmony of the tastes. “ 酸甜苦涩调太和，掌握 迟速量适中” In serving the guests, it is expressed in courtesy. “ 奉茶为礼尊长者，备茶浓意表浓 情” In drinking the tea, it is expressed in the compliment. “ 饮罢佳茗方知深，赞叹此乃草中 英” In the surroundings and mind, it is expressed in the virtue. “ 普事故雅去虚华，宁 静致远隐沉毅”
Spiritual Content • Tranquility “ 静” is the road one must follow to cultivate oneself. Tranquility not only refers to the peaceful environment but also the calm mind. When the savor of the tea is unconsciously absorbed into every corner of your body, you may feel kind of empty, or relaxed, your spirit may be purified. In this way, you reflect upon yourself and achieve the harmony with nature.
Spiritual Content • Tranquility “ 静 ” is the road one must follow to cultivate oneself. This idea is profoundly illustrated in some Chinese poems. 戴昺的《赏茶》诗：自汲香泉带落花，漫 烧石鼎试新茶。 绿阴 天气闲庭院，卧听黄蜂报晚衙。 清代郑板桥诗云：不风不雨正清和，翠竹 亭亭好节柯。 最爱晚凉 佳客至，一壶新茗泡松萝。
Spiritual Content • Happiness “ 怡 ” body and mind.
is the enjoyment both in
Tea-savoring is the happiness that can be enjoyed by everyone, rich or poor, educated or illiterate. Different kinds of people may pursue it in different ways, so it proves the idea of Taoism that to enjoy yourself for your needs. “ 自恣以适己”
Spiritual Content • Happiness “ 怡” is the enjoyment both in body and mind. In the process of tea-savoring, Poets enjoy themselves by placing their feelings on objects, composing a poem, and making friends. Buddhists delight themselves by appreciating the spirit of Chan 禅 , understanding the truth of life. Taoists please themselves by maintaining good health, hoping to be immortal. Common people become happy by relaxing and enjoying life.
Spiritual Content • Truth “ 真” is the ultimate pursuit of teasavoring. The pursuit of Truth includes three points: 1.truth in spirit 道之真 : in tea-savoring, the goal is to cultivate yourself. 2.truth in passion 情之真 : through savoring tea, the friendship should be enhanced. 3.truth in nature 性 之 真 : in tea-savoring, completely relax yourself and free your mind.
Conclusion • China is the homeland of tea. • Chinese tea culture covers all realms of life. • The study of Chinese tea culture is of great significance in that it is closely related with Chinese traditional culture. • Today, tea has been consumed as a beverage in all over the world.
Taboos
1.Before dinner •hard to get nutrients •lose the appetite
2. Right after dinner •lower the daily take-in
3.Too hot tea •hurt organs: throat…
4.Cold tea •more phlegm( 痰 ) •easy to catch a cold
5.repeated infusions( 冲泡多次） / overnight tea •lose nutrients •produce harmful elements
6.Take medicine with tea •lose medical effects.
7.Too strong tea • headache/insomnia
Cold tea 1. Now do you know why does Candy catch a cold? Seven Hotwe /cold tea List at least 2. How many taboos have learnt? three of them. Before/after dinner Strong tea/overnight tea
Storage
What are the factors that make tea go bad? Air
Water High temperature Strong light
Never store tea like these !!! × Envelope : It can’t keep the tea from the air and water well..
× Newspaper: It has lead （铅） which is harmful for the health.
Right ways to store tea-leaves: For short-time storage : Metal tins ( 金属罐）
Pottery Jar ( 陶瓷罐） small plastic bags
Tips: For Long-time Storage What teas should be kept refrigerated? Green Tea, Green Tieguanyin Oolong
What teas shouldn’t be kept refrigerated? Black Tea, White Tea, Black Oolong such as Phoenix Dancong and Wuyi Yancha, Puerh Tea, Dark Tea, Yellow Tea
Quiz ďźš 1.What are the 4 factors that make tea go bad ? Air , high temperature water , strong light
2.Where can’t you store the tea? Envelope, Newspaper
How to recycle tea leaves?
Tip1: Tea-flavored egg Procedures: 3
Add tealeaves to the water
2
Gently break the eggshell
1
Cook the egg thoroughly
Tip2: Tea pillow 茶叶枕 Procedures ： the tea leaves in the sun. Dry and fill a pillow with dry tea. Functions ： Keep you refreshed and sober. Enhance your thinking ability.
Tip3:
Get rid of mosquitoes
Mosquito-repellent Insence [ 蚊香 ]
Use dry tea
Light the dry tea Then the mosquitoes will disappear!
Tip4: Care your hair.
Wash silk clothes. Keep them shining. .
Tip5: Sterilize （杀菌） and cure barbiers( 脚 气 ).
Attention ！ • Green tea • Persistent , repeating.
Tip6 :
Clear up fetid breath （口臭）
Rinse the mouth( 漱 口 ) with tea infusion. Keep tealeaves in the mouth.
The End
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