DISASTER PREPAREDNESS SEMINAR LLOYD L. SAPLA, RN, EMT Head – Disaster Management Service Staff in Charge – Emergency Response Unit
The Philippines is at the Earthquake belt and Pacific Rim of Fire. Every year we face National Disasters – calamities, typhoons, earthquakes, floods, El Nino, internal conflicts, civil disturbances, pandemics/epidemics, volcanic eruption, terrorist attack, climate change, etc.
The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western rim of the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring / Rim of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes and earthquake generators (fault lines).
Geological Hazards
EARTHQUAKE
July 16, 1990; intensity 7 1,666 dead; 3,500 injured P11B in damages in Property P1.2B in Agriculture
Ondoy 2009
Pasig City (AFP)
Aerial Shot at Marikina City submerged in flood (AFP)
AUGUST 2013 HABAGAT ENHANCED BY “TYPHOON MARING”
The 2013 Bohol earthquake occurred on October 15, 2013, at 8:12 a.m. (PST) in Bohol, an island province located in Central Visayas, Philippines with a magnitude of 7.2.
NOVEMBER 8, 2013 “Typhoon Yolanda”
West Valley Fault
MM EARTHQUAKE IMPACT REDUCTION STUDY (MMEIRS) FINDINGS • Possibility of 7.2 Magnitude EQ occurring along the Fault on the Eastern part of Metropolitan Manila. Another scenario is a strong earthquake at Manila Bay capable of generating a 2-meter high tsunami affecting western coastline of Metro Manila. • Effect is characterized by strong ground shaking (Intensity 8 & 9) along most parts of MM, liquefaction, and landslides causing severe damage to buildings (mostly residential), thousands of deaths and injuries, disruption of lifelines and services, and widespread fires.
Always FIRST Always READY Always THERE
MMIERS Earthquake Impact Scenario A Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake from the West Valley Fault will cause: Could damage approximately 38% of the residential buildings (total 1.3 M), 38% of the 10-30 story buildings (total 981), 14% of the 30-60 story buildings (total 119), 30-35% of public buildings; Estimated 33,500 deaths and 114,000 injuries;
Additional 18,000 deaths from fire; 9 bridges might be affected; 4000 water pipes or joint breaks, 30 km electrical cables cut, 95 km communication cables cut
Subdivision Name
City/Municipality
Valley Fault System (West or East)
Which Side of the Subdivision?
Amity Vil.
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
Easternmost portion
Christine Vil.
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
West of the subd.
Filinvest Homes II
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
Central portion, NE Trend
Vista Real Classica
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
Near southeast portion of the subd.
Capitol Homes Subd.
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
East side
Loyola Grand Villas
Marikina City
West Valley Fault System
Transected in may parts
La Vista
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
East most side
Loyola Subd.
Marikina City
West Valley Fault System
West and central portion
Montevista Subd.
Marikina City
West Valley Fault System
East side
Industrial Valley Subd.
Marikina City
West Valley Fault System
Central portion
Cinco Hermanos Subd.
Marikina City
West Valley Fault System
West side
Blue Ridge A Subd.
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
East most side
White Plains
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
East side
Green Meadows
Quezon City
West Valley Fault System
Central portion
Valle Verde 6
Pasig City
West Valley Fault System
West side
Valle Verde 5
Pasig City
West Valley Fault System
West most side
Valle Verde 3
Pasig City
West Valley Fault System
Southeast side
Valle Verde 2
Pasig City
West Valley Fault System
Northwest edge
Valle Verde I
Pasig City
West Valley Fault System
West side
Kawilihan Village
Pasig City
West Valley Fault System
Central portion, NS trend
Liberty Homes
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
Northeast portion Source : MMEIRS, 2004
Subdivision Name
City/Municipality
Valley Fault System (West or East)
Which Side of the Subdivision?
New Alabang Hills Village
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
Cor. Sta. Anita Dr. & Kentucky Dr.
Lake View Subd. II
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
West side
Muntinlupa Bliss
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
East side
Jasonville
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
West edge; along Natl. Highway
Gruenville
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
Southeast side
Bruger Subd.
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
West side & east most edge
Lakeview Homes I
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
East side
JPA Subd.
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
Southeast side
Sto. Ni単o Village
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
Northeast & Central portion; NE Trend
Lodora Village
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
From NE to mid portion
R.M. Tiosejo Residential Subd.
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
West portion
RMT Industrial Subd.
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
Southwest & northeast side
Park Homes
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
Southwest & northeast side
Villa Carolina Subd.
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
Northwest side
Susana Heights Subd.
Muntinlupa City
West Valley Fault System
East side
La Marea Hills
San Pedro
West Valley Fault System
Northeast portion
Reaville
San Pedro
West Valley Fault System
Central portion
East Rembo
Makati City
West Valley Fault System
Transected
Comembo
Makati City
West Valley Fault System
Transected
La Paz
Bi単an
West Valley Fault System
Transected
Stone Crest Subd.
Bi単an
West Valley Fault System
Transected
Villa Olympia Phase 6
Bi単an
West Valley Fault System
Transected
7.2 M EARTHQUAKE may isolate Metro Manila - Phivolcs
PREPARE FOR THE
WORST
“Science has not yet developed a foolproof device to detect earthquakes, and the best time to prepare for the worst is NOW.�
Practical preparations and actions before, during AND AFTER
DISASTER
JUST REMEMBER THE
4 P’S
1. 2. 3. 4.
PREDICT PLAN PREPARE PRACTICE
PREDICT
• Know the hazards and threats that could potentially harm or kill you when it happens.
• Know the resources available in your community.
PLAN
FAMILY COMMUNICATION Your family may not be together when disaster strikes, so plan how you will contact one another. Think about how you will communicate in different situations
ď ąYour plan should include: How will you get to a safe place How will you contact one another How will you get back together What will you do in different situations
ď ą Teach family members how to use text messaging (also known as SMS or Short Message Service). Text messages can often get around network disruptions when a phone call might not be able to get through.
ďƒ˜
Designate an area to meet with family members in case communication is out of the equation.
Create your specific family evacuation plan for each hazard.
Each family member should be aware of the evacuation plan. Evacuation Plan A & B
EVACUATION AREA
GA TE
STAIRS
FLAGPO LE
WALK PATH
WALK PATH
GATE
Form a Disaster Management Committee (DMC) composed of several teams with specific task and designate an over-all coordinator. Evacuation team
First Aid Team
Fire – Safety Team
Over-all coordinator
Documentation and Communication Team
Site Security Team
Rescue Team
Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
Over-all coordinator
> Shall be the decision maker. ďƒ˜Responsible in over seeing the situation. ďƒ˜ must be familiar with Incident Command System
Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
Evacuation team
> Shall guide / assist everyone to the evacuation area ďƒ˜Shall manage the evacuation area ďƒ˜ must be familiar on the evacuation plan
Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
Fire – Safety Team
Shall be the first responder on fire suppression while fire fighters are not yet around Shall conduct fire safety inspection must be trained in fire suppression
Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
Rescue Team
ďƒ˜Shall perform the extrication of injured persons and bring them to the triage or treatment area ďƒ˜ must be trained in rescue and patient handling
Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
First Aid Team
shall immediately apply first aid treatment, stabilize victims, and transport if necessary shall man the triage and treatment area must be trained in First Aid and Basic Life Support
Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
ďƒ˜ shall provide appropriate security and safety measures during the evacuation process Site Security Team
Disaster Management Committee (DMC)
ďƒ˜ responsible to provide communication between company to external assistance Communication Team ďƒ˜ responsible to provide communication between teams
Additional Manpower: Office Team Leader: > person in charge per office > shall report to command post for update > shall perform the head count Floor Coordinator: > person in charge per floor > last to leave area of responsibility > shall check if everybody has evacuated the floor
Organizational Chart Over-all Coordinator
Evacuation Team
Site Security Team
First Aid Team
Fire-Safety Team
Communication Team
Search/Rescue Team
NOTE: Teams must be integrated or in place per floor and backup must be organized also. Olavere_2010
The Evacuation Area for buildings should have provision to utilize all available open spaces nearest the building.
vacant lot / open parking area / park / playground‌ Safe from falling debris and other earthquake related hazards like tsunami and lanslide. Olavere_2010
Once an earthquake evacuation area has been identified and assigned to a specific group, the building administrator should then come up with an evacuation procedure using the available map or site development plan.
Bldg. A
Take the safest / nearest route to the designated evacuation area. Marshalls / Floor Leader shall be assigned. Olavere_2010
Evacuation area
PREPARE
Create your family survival kit and place it into an area accessible to everyone:
1 gallon of water per person per Day (3 Days Minimum) 3 Days of Ready to Eat (RTE) Food Portable Radio (Battery Operated) Flashlights & Batteries Whistle Eating Utensils
Blankets/Sleeping Bag Essentials for Infants, Elderly, or Pets Essential Medications Hygiene Kits First Aid Kit Water Purification Kit (if possible) Utility Rope and Cord
Learn First Aid and Basic Life Support: > family members > neighbors
BE A REDCROSS 143
Know What to do before, during & after:
1.Earthquake 2.Fire 3.Flood
PREPAREDNESS FOR
EARTHQUAKE
What to do BEFORE an earthquake Determine IF SITE ALONG AN ACTIVE FAULT
Offset fence and onion rows at Nashimoto. The fault narrowly missed the house, which now is a part of exhibition in the Hokudan Earthquake Memorial Park.
Olavere_2010
What to do BEFORE an earthquake
Determine IF SITE IS PRONE TO LIQUEFACTIO
Caracas, Velenzuela1967
Olavere_2010
Kobe, Japan1995
What to do BEFORE an earthquake
Determine IF SITE IS PRONE TO LANDSLIDE
Oblique aerial view of landslide that buried Colonia Las Colinas, El Salvador M=7.6 earthquake of January 13, 2001 Olavere_2010
What to do BEFORE an earthquake
Determine IF SITE IS PRONE TO TSUNAMI
Olavere_2010
What to do BEFORE an earthquake Use PROPER STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE when constructing a house or building.
Olavere_2010
NEPAL SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATION
What to do BEFORE an earthquake EVALUATE STRUCTURAL SOUNDNESS OF buildings and important infrastructures; strengthen or retrofit if found necessary.
Olavere_2010
What to do BEFORE an earthquake Familiarize yourself with your place of work and residence Identify relatively strong parts of the building where you can take refuge during an earthquake:
sturdy tables
near elevator shafts Olavere_2010
What to do BEFORE an earthquake Familiarize yourself with your place of work and residence +Learn to use fire extinguishers. These should be accessible/conveniently located and properly marked.
Olavere_2010
What to do BEFORE an earthquake Familiarize yourself with your place of work and residence +Learn to use first aid kits, alarms and emergency exits. These should be accessible/ conveniently located and properly marked.
Olavere_2010
Earthquake Survival Kits
Olavere_2010
HOME AND OFFICE FIRST AID KITS First aid kits are vital following any emergency. To be useful, a first aid kit must be accessible and ready. Store the kit in a location that will be accessible following the turmoil of an earthquake. MEDICAL MATERIALS Band-aids Medical Latex Gloves Surgical Mask Instant Cold Packs Instant Hot Packs Ace Bandages Butterfly Bandages Gauze Pads Cotton Swabs Adhesive Tape 2" & 4" Wide Sterile Bandage Rolls Triangular Bandage For Sling, Etc. (37" x 37" x 52") Tongue Depressors (Pop-sickle Sticks) Splint Material Spray Bottle With 10% Bleach Solution For Disinfecting Objects.
MEDICATIONS Antibiotic Ointment Medications For All Family Members Aspirin and/or Pain Relief Medication Diarrhea Medication Eye Drops Cold/Cough Medicine Benadryl Insect Spray Ear and Nose Drops Hydrogen Peroxide Skin Disinfectant Spray Extra Prescription Medication Old Pair Of Prescription Eyeglasses For Spare
ALWAYS REMEMBER TO KEEP A COPY OF THE RED CROSS FIRST AID MANUAL WITH YOUR EARTHQUAKE SUPPLIES
Olavere_2010
Identify potential hazards ‌and begin to fix them.
In the kitchen
Objects on open shelves and tabletops
Hanging objects Electronics
Door Check how many persons can pass the door at the same time. Check for alternate route.
Alley/Corridors Check
how many persons can pass the alley/corridor at the same time.
Check possible hazards that may block the area during evacuation.
Olavere_2010
2 1.
2.
Stabilize cylinder to Prevent LPG cylinder from tumbling during an earthquake. Use Anti-slippery Device to prevent hose from slipping
Propane Cylinder
1
What to do DURING an earthquake If inside a structurally sound building, stay there! • Protect your body from falling debris • Duck, cover and Hold.
Olavere_2010
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE DUCK
When you feel an earthquake, “DUCK,COVER AND HOLD” under a desk or sturdy table. Stay undercover until the shaking stops, and hold onto your cover. If it moves, move with it.
Olavere_2010
COVER
HOLD
What to do DURING an earthquake If outside, move to an open area • Get away from power lines, • Stay away from buildings with posts, walls and other structures glass panes. that may fall or collapse.
Olavere_2010
What to do DURING an earthquake
If along the shore and you feel an earthquake, strong enough to make standing difficult. • Run away from the shore toward higher ground
Olavere_2010
What to do DURING an earthquake If on a mountain, or near a steep hill slope, move away from steep escarpments which may be affected by landslides
Olavere_2010
What to do DURING an earthquake When driving a vehicle, pull to the side of the road and stop • Do not attempt to cross bridges or overpasses which may have been damaged.
Olavere_2010
What to do AFTER an earthquake If inside an old, weak structure, take the Fastest and safest way out!
• Get out calmly in an orderly manner. • Use the stairs. • Check yourself and others for injuries
Olavere_2010
What to do AFTER an earthquake Check surroundings • Clean up chemical spills, toxic flammable materials to avoid any chain of unwanted events. • Check for fire and if any, have it controlled. • Check water and electrical lines for defects. If any damage is suspected, turn the system off in the main valve or switch.
Olavere_2010
What to do AFTER an earthquake If you must evacuate your residence, leave a message stating where you are going
• Take with you your , which should contain all necessary items for your protection and comfort.
Olavere_2010
What to do AFTER an earthquake Help reduce the number of casualties from the earthquake:
• Don’t enter partially damaged building, strong aftershocks may cause these to collapse. • Gather information and disaster prevention instruction from battery-operated radios. • Obey public safety precautions.
Olavere_2010 Weak story failure, Kobe, 1995
Self-illuminating pathway systems offer glowin-the-dark luminescence when electrical systems fail in an emergency.
Olavere_2010
Time Element
Time to take to evacuate from each floor to the stairs assumption: 15- 20 seconds
Time to take the service stairs from each floor assumption: 15- 20 seconds
Time to take to evacuate the whole building assumption: 14 storey building Olavere_2010 40 seconds x 13 = 520 seconds AROUND 8
min
Some Tips on How to Enhance Survivability If Trapped Under Rubble / Debris
Trapped Under Debris
Avoid unnecessary movement so that you don’t kick up dust. Maintain moral and fighting spirits high. Periodically move your fingers and toes to ensure blood circulation.
Trapped Under Debris
Cover your Mouth and Nose with anything you have on hand. ď ą
ď ą Try to breath through the available Cotton material.
Trapped Under Debris
ď ą Do not shout; shout only as a last resort.
Note : Shout can cause a person to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
Trapped Under Debris
Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers can hear where you are. ď ą
ď ą If available use a flashlight to signal your location.
Why do we still need to prepare an EVACUATION PLAN ?
Concentrated in one area of the building.
Affects the whole building and nearby areas.
Immediate response is to evacuate people and put out fire.
Immediate response is to Duck, Cover and Hold during an earthquake, and to evacuate if necessary.
Immediate outside help will arrive definitely at the soonest time.
Immediate outside help is not a guarantee.
Building occupants can be evacuated in any place outside the building away from fire.
Area for evacuation after the event is limited only to an open area which is safe from falling debris and other earthquake related hazard.
No aftershock to deal with. Olavere_2010 Aftershocks will be another concern.
PRACTICE
Government Offices
Office of the Ombudsman
Private Companies
Quezon City Hall
Schools
Earthquake Drill Procedure:
1. ALARM PHASE: Continuous ringing of siren/bell for one minute which means ongoing earthquake.
2. RESPONSE PHASE: Stay where you are unless imminent danger is noticeable. Move to a safer place with caution. DO the DUCK, COVER and HOLD
Earthquake Drill Procedure:
3. EVACUATION PHASE: After the alarm/siren stops (meaning the shaking stops) drill participants should then start to evacuate the building.
The evacuees proceed through predetermined routes and evacuees (unit occupants) should then gather outside in a designated evacuation area.
Earthquake Drill Procedure: 4. ASSEMBLY PHASE: At the assembly area, groups from each floor must stay together.
5. HEADCOUNT PHASE: During the head count phase every section head/leader must determine if everyone is present or accounted for.
Earthquake Drill Procedure:
6. EVALUATION: After the headcount there should be an evaluation.
The evaluators identify the snags in the drill. The problem areas or potential problem areas to rectify these problem for future earthquake drill or in actual earthquake scenario.
Food for Thought • How serious do you consider the threats of disasters in the country and your community? • How committed are you to prepare? • Is poverty or lack of funds a good reason not to prepare? • Would you rather be safe or sorry?
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
“It’s better to have it and not need it, than need it and not have it.”
AMPARO D. PEREZ Officer in Charge LLOYD SAPLA 434-3751 / 433-6568 / 4332151 09178559234
THANK YOU