Sep

Jan 23rd

(2 weeks) Rational/ Exponenti al and Logarithm ic functions 4.1 4.2 4.3 2.8 The reciprocal function f(x)=1x,x≠0: its graph and self-inverse nature. Rational functions of the form f(x)=(ax+b)/(cx+d) and their graphs. Equations of vertical and horizontal asymptotes. 2.9 Exponential functions and their graphs: Logarithmic functions and their graphs: 2.10 Solving equations, both graphically and analytically. Use of technology to solve a variety of equations, including those where there is no appropriate analytic approach. Applications of graphing skills and solving equations that relate to real-life situations.

TOK:

1. What role do

“models” play in mathematics? Do they play a different role in mathematics compared to their role in other areas of knowledge?

2. What assumptions do mathematicians make when they apply mathematics to real-life situations?

Feb 6th

Feb 20th

(4 weeks) Toolkit Test and Review

Mid Term Break Feb 13th – 17th

Calculus –Differenti ation and its Applicatio n (Focus only on polynomi als) 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.1 Introduction to the concept of a limit. Derivative interpreted as gradient function and as rate of change. 5.2 Increasing and decreasing functions. Graphical interpretation of fʹ(x)>0,fʹ(x)=0,fʹ(x)<0.

5.3 Derivative of f(x)=axn is fʹ(x)=anxn−1, n∈ℤ The derivative of functions of the form f(x)=axn+bxn−1+... where all exponents are integers. 5.4 Tangents and normals at a given point, and their equations. 5.6 Differentiation of a sum and a multiple of these functions.

IM:

Attempts by Indian mathematicians (5001000 CE) to explain division by zero.

TOK:

1. What value does the knowledge of limits have? Is infinitesimal behaviour applicable to real life? Is intuition a valid way of knowing in mathematics? 2. The seemingly abstract concept of calculus allows us to create mathematical models that permit human feats such as

Assessment: Mini IA PowerPoint, Mathematical Modelling (10%)

Assessment: Functions (Cumulative)

Mar 21st Toolkit Test and Review

Mar 27th – Apr

7th April 10th

(4 weeks) Calculus –Integratio n and its applicatio n (focus only on polynomi als) 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 5.5 5.5 Introduction to integration as antidifferentiation of functions of the form f(x)=axn+bxn−1+...., where n∈ℤ, n≠−1 Anti-differentiation with a boundary condition to determine the constant term. Definite integrals using technology. Area of a region enclosed by a curve y=f(x) and the x -axis, where f(x)>0. 5.10 Indefinite integral of xn(n∈ℚ) and ex . The composites of any of these with the linear function ax+b. Integration by inspection (reverse chain rule) or by substitution for expressions of the form: ∫kgʹ(x)f(g(x))dx. 5.11 Definite integrals, including analytical approach. Areas of a region enclosed by a curve y=f(x) and the x-axis, where f(x) can be positive or negative, without the use of technology. Areas between curves. 5.9 Kinematic problems involving displacement s, velocity v, acceleration a and total distance travelled. IM: 1. Accurate calculation of the volume of a cylinder by Chinese mathematician Liu

Hui; Ibn Al Haytham: first mathematician to calculate the integral of a function, in order to find the volume of a paraboloid. 2. Does the inclusion of kinematics as core mathematics reflect a particular cultural heritage? Who decides what is mathematics?

TOK: 1. Consider f(x)=1/x,1≤x. An infinite area sweeps out a finite volume.

Can this be reconciled with our intuition? Do emotion and intuition have a role in mathematics? 2. Is mathematics independent of

The chain rule for composite functions. The product and quotient rules. 5.7 The second derivative. Graphical behaviour of functions, including the relationship between the graphs of f,fʹ and fʺ. 5.8 Local maximum and minimum points. Testing for maximum and minimum. Optimization. Points of inflexion with zero and non-zero gradients. getting a man on the Moon. What does this tell us about the links between mathematical models and reality?

Assessment: Differentiation (Cumulative)

Spring Break

May 8th

(1 week) Toolkit Test and Review

May 15th to July 3rd

Assessment: Integration (Cumulative)

Mock Exam Revision (2 weeks) G11 Mocks(from end May onwards) Review Mock Paper IA preparation culture? To what extent are we people aware of the impact of culture on what we they believe or know?

Year 2 (Grade 12)

Week commencing: 2022 Topic

Geometry Toolkit

Calculus –Differentiation and Integration and its application (focus only on trig functions) 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 3.1 The distance between two points in threedimensional space, and their midpoint. Volume and surface area of threedimensional solids including right-pyramid, right cone, sphere, hemisphere and combinations of these solids. The size of an angle between two intersecting lines or between a line and a plane. 3.2 Use of sine, cosine and tangent ratios to find the sides and angles of right-angled triangles. The sine rule The cosine rule Area of a triangle 3.3 Applications of right and non-right angled trigonometry, including Pythagoras’s theorem. Angles of elevation and depression. Construction of labelled diagrams from written statements.

5.6 Derivative of xn(n∈ℚ), sinx, cosx, ex and lnx. 5.10 Indefinite integral of xn(n∈ℚ),sinx,cosx,1/x and ex . The composites of any of these with the linear function ax+b.

TOK:

1. What is an axiomatic system? Are axioms self evident to everybody? 2. Is it ethical that

Pythagoras gave his name to a theorem that may not have been his own creation? What criteria might we use to make such a judgment?

IM:

1. Diagrams of

Pythagoras’ theorem occur in early Chinese and Indian manuscripts. The earliest references to trigonometry are in

Indian mathematics; the use of triangulation to find the curvature of the Earth in order to settle a dispute between England and

France over Newton’s gravity. 2. The use of triangulation to find the curvature of the Earth in order to settle a dispute between England and

France over Newton’s gravity.

Textbook Reference

Sep (4 weeks)

Oct

(5 weeks) Trigonometric functions Toolkit 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 3.4 The circle: radian measure of angles; length of an arc; area of a sector. 3.5 Definition of cosθ, sinθ in terms of the unit circle. Definition of tanθ as sinθcosθ. Exact values of trigonometric ratios of 0,

IM:

Seki Takakazu calculating π to ten decimal places; Hipparchus, Menelaus and Ptolemy; Why are there 360 degrees in a complete turn? Links to Babylonian mathematics.

Syllabus reference TOK links, IM links

Nov

Winter Break

Review and test Toolkit IA Final Submission

Mock Exam Statistics 6.1 6.2 6.3

January 2021 π/6, π/4, π/3, π/2and their multiples. Extension of the sine rule to the ambiguous case. 3.6 The Pythagorean identity cos2θ+sin2θ=1. The relationship between trigonometric ratios. 3.7 The circular functions sinx, cosx, and tanx; amplitude, their periodic nature, and their graphs Composite functions Transformations. Real-life contexts. 3.8 Solving trigonometric equations in a finite interval, both graphically and analytically. Equations leading to quadratic equations in sinx,cosx or tanx.

TOK:

Which is a better measure of angle: radian or degree? What criteria can/do/should mathematicians use to make such decisions?

4.1 Concepts of population, sample, random sample, discrete and continuous data. Reliability of data sources and bias in sampling. Interpretation of outliers. Sampling techniques and their effectiveness. 4.2 Presentation of data (discrete and continuous): frequency distributions (tables). Histograms. Cumulative frequency; cumulative frequency graphs; use to find median, quartiles, percentiles, range and interquartile range (IQR). Production and understanding of box and whisker diagrams. 4.3 Measures of central tendency (mean, median and mode). Estimation of mean from grouped data. Modal class. Measures of dispersion (interquartile IM: 1. The Kinsey report–famous sampling techniques. 2. Discussion of the different formulae for the same statistical measure (for example, variance).

TOK:

1. Why have mathematics and statistics sometimes been treated as separate subjects? How easy is it to be misled by statistics? Is it ever justifiable to purposely use statistics to mislead others? 2. What is the difference between information and data? Does “data” mean the same thing in

Linear Regression

February 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4

Venn Diagrams and Probability 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4

March Probability Distributions 14.1 14.2 14.3 range, standard deviation and variance). Effect of constant changes on the original data. Quartiles of discrete data. 4.4 Linear correlation of bivariate data. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, r. Scatter diagrams; lines of best fit, by eye, passing through the mean point. Equation of the regression line of y on x. Use of the equation of the regression line for prediction purposes. Interpret the meaning of the parameters, a and b, in a linear regression y=ax+b. 4.10 Equation of the regression line of x on y. Use of the equation for prediction purposes. 4.5 Concepts of trial, outcome, equally likely outcomes, relative frequency, sample space (U) and event. The probability of an event A The complementary events A and Aʹ Expected number of occurrences. 4.6 Use of Venn diagrams, tree diagrams, sample space diagrams and tables of outcomes to calculate probabilities. Combined events Mutually exclusive events Conditional probability Independent events 4.7 Concept of discrete random variables and their probability distributions. Expected value (mean), for discrete data. Applications. 4.11 Formal definition and use of the formulae: P(A|B)=P(A∩B)P(B) for conditional probabilities, and P(A|B)=P(A)=P(A|Bʹ) for independent events. 4.8 Binomial distribution. Mean and variance of the binomial distribution. 4.9 The normal distribution and curve. different areas of knowledge?

TOK:

1. Is it possible to have knowledge of the future? 2. Correlation and causation–can we have knowledge of cause and effect relationships given that we can only observe correlation?

What factors affect the reliability and validity of mathematical models in describing real-life phenomena?

IM: The St Petersburg paradox; Chebyshev and Pavlovsky (Russian). TOK: 1. To what extent are theoretical and experimental probabilities linked?

What is the role of emotion in our perception of risk, for example in business, medicine and travel safety? 2. Can calculation of gambling probabilities be considered an ethical application of mathematics? Should mathematicians be held responsible for unethical applications of their work?

IM:

De Moivre’s derivation of the normal distribution and Quetelet’s use of it to describe l’homme moyen.

TOK:

Revision Properties of the normal distribution. Diagrammatic representation. Normal probability calculations. Inverse normal calculations 4.12 Standardization of normal variables (zvalues). Inverse normal calculations where mean and standard deviation are unknown. To what extent can we trust mathematical models such as the normal distribution? How can we know what to include, and what to exclude, in a model?