Rise Above Plas-cs
Beverage Container Li.er and Recycling Susan V. Collins Container Recycling Ins-tute October 20, 2012
Container Recycling Ins1tute:
Striving to make North America a global model for the collec1on and quality recycling of packaging materials.
What is Li)er?
Any waste product that has been disposed of improperly, without consent or in an inappropriate loca1on
How Stuff Becomes Li)er • Wind • Full receptacles • Carelessness
Who Li)ers? • • • • •
Mostly male Urban Younger (18-‐34) Employed outside the home Predominantly single
Encorp Pacific 2011
California Residents Cluster Into Four DisRnct Groups Which Vary In Their AWtudes Toward Recycling
21% 41% 15%
Socially Responsible Redemp-on Valuers Backsliders Personal Priori-es
23%
Lieberman Research Worldwide 2006
Hispanic Speaking Residents Would Benefit Most from Increased Educa-on and Engagement
• Types of containers to recycle • Container Deposit Program • Methods of recycling available
Beverage Li)er is Preventable!
Hki "40"Rgt"Ecr kvc"Dgxgtci g"Ucngu."Tge{enkpi "( " Y cuvkpi ."3; 92/ 4228 : 22 922
Uqnf Y cuvgf Tge{engf
822 722 622 522 422 322
4227
4222
3; ; 7
3; ; 2
3; : 7
3; : 2
3; 97
2
3; 92
*Eqpvckpgtu"r gt"r gtuqp"r gt"{gct+
© Container Recycling Institute, 2008.
PET Bo)le Sales and WasRng in the U.S., 1991-‐2009
3000
(thousand tons)
2500
2000
1500 1000 500 0
Sold
Wasted
U.S. Access to Curbside Recycling vs. Recycling Rates for 3 Container Types, 1990-‐2002 100%
100%
PET recycling rate
80%
80%
Glass recycling rate
70%
70%
U.S. Curbside Access
0%
0%
© Container Recycling Institute, 2006
2002
10% 2001
10% 2000
20%
1999
20%
1998
30%
1997
30%
1996
40%
1995
40%
1994
50%
1993
50%
1992
60%
1991
60%
1990
Recycling Rates
90%
Aluminum can recycling rate
% of U.S. Population with Curbside Access
90%
SoluRon: Place a mandatory deposit on beverage containers to provide an incenRve to recycle and a disincenRve to li)er.
Container Recycling InsRtute © 2009
11
Why Beverage Containers? • Consumed on the go! (Industry esRmates that one third of all soa drinks sold are consumed away from home!) • Comprise significant volume in the waste stream. • Consume large amounts of energy in the manufacturing process. • Significant greenhouse gas emissions can be avoided by recycling beverage containers rather than manufacturing new ones.
Container Recycling InsRtute © 2009
12
GHG Emissions from the Manufacture of GHG Emissions from the Manufacture of Selected Materials (lbs of CO2e per unit) Selected M aterials (lbs of CO2e per unit) ALUMINUM CANS (based on 68,420 cans/ton)
ALUMINUM CANS (based on 68,2420 cans/ton) 0.45 0.40
Lbs of CO2e per unit
0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 41%
51%
61%
Recycled-Content Levels
71%
What is a “Bo)le Bill”?
§ Requires distributors and retailers to collect a minimum refundable deposit, usually 5-‐10 cents on certain beverage containers § Creates a privately-‐funded collecRon infrastructure for beverage containers § Makes producers and consumers responsible for their packaging waste
Container Recycling InsRtute © 2009
14
U.S. States with Container Deposit Laws 50% of all beverage containers recycled in the U.S. come from these 10 states
Container Recycling InsRtute © 2010
15
Canadian Provinces with CDL Quebec British Columbia Newfoundland Nova Scotia Ontario Alberta New Brunswick Saskatchewan Prince Edward Island Yukon Container Recycling Institute Š 2010
16
Worldwide Trend Toward New and Expanded Beverage Container Deposit Laws (Since 2000) § Total of 45 programs worldwide § NEW! Germany, Hawaii, the Northern Territory of Australia, Guam, Estonia, CroaRa, Fiji and Turks and Caicos § Now 6 states have expanded laws (CA, OR, HI, CT, NY and ME) § OR, NY and CT Expanded in 2009 (water) § Ontario expanded in 2007 (wine, liquor); Alberta added milk in 2009
Container Deposit Return Programs Result in Higher Beverage Container Recycling Rates Average Beverage Container Recycling Rates (By Weight)
80.0% 70.0%
Aluminum cans PET plasRc bo)les
60.0%
Glass bo)les Total, 3 materials
50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 11 deposit states
39 non-‐deposit states
Source: CRI’s 2008 Beverage Market Data Analysis (using 2006 data)
Container Recycling Institute © 2009
18
Recovery Rates § California: 82% (includes curbside) § OR: 84% for deposit containers; 37% for non-‐deposit containers (2005) § HI: 76% for 2010/11 § Range from 67% in NY (2007) to 97% in MI (10 cent deposit)
Bo)le Bills Reduce Li)er State NY OR VT ME MI IA
Beverage Container Litter Reduced 70 - 80% 83% 76% 69 - 77% 80% 77%
Total Litter Reduced 30% 47% 35% 35 - 56% 38% 38%
Source: “Trade-offs Involved in Beverage Container Deposit Legislation”, US GAO, 1990. Container Recycling InsRtute © 2009
20
18
2005: Hawaii’s CDL program introduced
16 14
Percentage
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Source: Ocean Conservancy InternaRonal Coastal Cleanup, 2003 -‐ 2010
2010
18
2008: 60% reducRon three years aaer implementaRon!
16 14
Percentage
12
10 8 6 4 2 0 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Source: Ocean Conservancy InternaRonal Coastal Cleanup, 2003 -‐ 2010
ALUMINUM ALLIES
Aluminum AssociaRon: Goal of 75% by 2015
“Container deposit programs are a proven,
Can Do!
sustainable method of capturing beverage cans for recycling. States that have deposit programs have the highest can recycling rates, on average at 74% or higher, while the recycling rate in non-‐deposit states is around 38%.” (November, 2008)
OECD EPR Definition
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is an environmental policy
approach in which a producer’s responsibility for a product is extended to the post-‐consumer stage of a product’s life cycle. There are two related features of EPR policy: (1) the shiaing of responsibility (physically and/or economically; fully or parRally) upstream toward the producer and away from municipaliRes, and (2) to provide incenRves to producers to incorporate environmental consideraRons in the design of their products. While other policy instruments tend to target a single point in the chain, EPR seeks to integrate signals related to the environmental characterisRcs of products and producRon processes throughout the product chain.
PlasRc (and/or Paper) Bag Laws § Form: ban, fees, taxes § Worldwide – trend of rapid expansion § 45-‐50 CiRes in California have passed bans or fees § Bans and fees result in dramaRc reducRon in bag use
EPR for Packaging Laws § Total of 40+ programs worldwide § European laws address packaging § 4 laws in Canadian provinces address packaging and printed paper • BriRsh Columbia law pending implementaRon • 1 bill was introduced in U.S., in Vermont, but did not pass
Canada’s EPR System
see inset
full-‐colour symbols mean program in-‐ place or pending white-‐washed symbols mean program proposed or under consideraRon
© StewardEdge, July 2010 Funded by a grant from the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle)
North American Product Stewardship Councils (9/10)
British Columbia
Bri-sh Columbia
Nova Sco-a Northwest
Midwest
Washington
Oregon
Montana
North Dakota
New York
Minnesota
Vermont
Maine
New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut
Iowa Pennsylvania New Jersey Nebraska Nevada Ohio Connec-cut Delaware Illinois Indiana California Utah Maryland Virginia Colorado California Kansas Missouri Kentucky Tennessee Oklahoma Arkansas Arizona New Mexico Alabama Georgia Hawaii Texas Louisiana Texas Idaho
Wyoming
South Dakota
Wisconsin
Michigan
New York
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Permission for use of illustraRon granted by Product Policy InsRtute © 2009 by the Product Policy InsRtute
Product Waste Skyrockets 250
TOTAL 200
Products
Million Tons Per Year
150
100
50
Food & Yard Mineral
0
1960 1960 1970 1970 11980 980 11990 990 22000 000 EPA data from a report by the Product Policy InsRtute (PPI), Unintended Consequences: Municipal Solid Waste and the Throwaway Society. Permission for use of illustraRon granted by PPI. Funded by a grant from the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle)
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Defined* “Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), otherwise known as Product Stewardship, is the extension of the responsibility of producers, and all enRRes involved in the product chain, to reduce the cradle-‐to-‐cradle impacts of a product and its packaging; the primary responsibility lies with the producer, or brand owner, who makes design and markeRng decisions.” * Source: CalRecycle
Funded by a grant from the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle)
Packaging Recycling Collection System (Photos from Germany)
• •
In a private residence, kitchen separaRon NoRce yellow is color coordinated to match recyclables at point of collecRon
• • • •
This is outside a small collecRon of private residences Yellow bags are from yellow kitchen container Yellow bags are piled full of recyclables (see next picture) Following pictures show close up of each of the container types in this picture
• Yellow bags contain recyclables • Large mulR-‐family complexes use yellow bins
• “Only paper”
• Bio and organic waste only
• Disposed garbage
MulR-‐Family Complex • Following pictures are from a large high-‐rise MulR-‐Family Complex • LocaRon: East Berlin • January 2009
• • • •
Sign in front of bin area “Proper throwing away saves money” Six different source separated containers Paper, recyclables, white glass, green/brown glass, bio/organic waste, disposed garbage
• Birds eye view of MFD bin area
• View inside of bin area. • In larger MulR-‐Family complexes, use of yellow bins instead of plasRc bags like in previous picture at the smaller residence in Rendsburg
Beverage Buy Back Center • Rendsburg, Germany
• This is inside a private residence near the kitchen • Furniture to hold crates with bo)les inside • Kept unRl “bulk trip” made to the buyback center to receive back deposit on both the bo)les and crates
• Buyback center where crates are delivered and bo)les redeemed at RVM’s
• More crates at buyback center
• Igloos for collecRon of color-‐sorted glass
Thank you! Susan V. Collins
scollins@container-‐recycling.org 310-‐559-‐7451
Just type in: Container Recycling Institute! Visit us at…
www. container-‐recycling.org www.bottlebill.org (310) 559-‐7451