, # -(
%! ' ( +
&" &$ Z
! ' V (
(
" ) %
# * '
Z
(( !
"*
$
- #
# . 7 8 !
( /& &$ & & !& & .&
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 # 1 ..
& 0 & # 0 3& . # ! 0 4& % 5& 0 6. 7& # ( .. 8& 9&2 ! $ .. /& 3& !! .
#
: : /; /8 /: 3/ 33
. ..
.. ! ..
2 11
& 37 39
#
#( 43 ( 49
(
0 (
4:
. # .
# .
. % (
#. -(
( ! (
2 . 5/ 53 54 59 5: 5: 7;
. 4& 5&
.
6
( 6 . .
# $ " = /& 3& 4& 5& 7& 8& %
#
(
2 . . . . . . ( 0
= " " " " "
7/ &
2 <
0.
(
2 .. . 0 0 0 0 0 0
73 74
(
74 74 78 78 78 79 79
> !
. .
# #
# &
< (
79 7? 7: 8/ 83 84
.
(
<
.. # 0 # # ! (
. < < < #
( <
87
"
.
.
( 6
( #
< " + " % " "
(
0
.
..
( .
( (
(
< <
<
( <
#
(
# .<
88 8: 9/ 94 95 95 97
. /& ( 3& 4& 5& 7& B
0
@ ( #
A ( 2
.
( #
B )
# (
. .
97 98 98 99 99 9? 9? 9: ?; ?4
B >
C) $ # + $ 6
)
.
6
2
,
. 0
0
#
0
6 ! . # # # # # B # 0 . . ?;&?3
.
# . .
.
6
.. # . !
. 6 . #
6
&= (( $ # $ # + ) . P. O. Box 53 Abbassia 11381, Cairo, Egypt. & # D ! E ) ' ;;3;/?3937:8/ &% ( E F # . . $ ' ;;3;/;83:53/9 & E
= ! .
*"6
G 6 6 +
# &" .
!
This book translated into Fulani language by: Abdullay Yerel SOH Tel: 0020182725961 E-Mail: laayisoh@yahoo.com Revised by: Abdou BA, Fulani language lecturer, in the African Institute of Researches and Studies, Cairo University. Tel: +20106294217 E-mail: mburebah@yahoo.com
UV
B B
. ( 2
1
..
# . H(
H
1 .
0
#
.
1
!!
#
< 0
# $ 0 ( 22
. . #
(
# (
& $ 0& #.
! > $ 0 !
# 6
(
<
$ 0 & # 0 &
.
. . $ 0
# 2
6
0
3& . #
22 &
> (
#.
6
<
%
B /&
# .
0
o o
&
(
.
o
( 4& %
. #
( H$ #( H
( $ 0 6 ( 22 # .
$ 0
22 & ! I! 0 . 6#
. ( 22 ( #
0
(
6
# . 5& .
$ 0 . . . # . 6 # $ 0 . # . 6# F
6 . 2
( 7&
# ( #. .
..
.
6
# ( 0 . # . 6.
. 6
8& 6
.
% 6# 0 # .
&
(
$ 0
!
# . %
.
&%
.
& ( #
# # # 0 #6 # ! 0 .
> 2
0 .
#
/& 3& . 4& 5&
& .
#
# . 1 1 (
#. . #
6
. 6 2 &.
6 #(
.. #. . ( ! (
(
. .
( (
# (
.
# A
. .
@
2 2
. .
&
( (
6
2 1
& & & & &
/
( (
. 1 (
0
.
( ..
.
.
( ..
#
#
.
(
( ..
#
0
.
..
/
' #. (
> %
@
( #(
A
.
# 0 (
2
#. 6# . . # 0 22 6
. # #(
#. 6
B
# . .
/&
0
#
.
& 0&
2
$ 0
$ 0 %
@
#
A
.
+
. # 0 #
&
.
. ( + 6
#
.
6 (
$
6
.
& (
#
&
.. > $ 0
# . # ( 22 6 $ 0
# $ 0 &
6 $ 0
#
#
&
&
$ 0 .
6
( 22
6
#. . (
.
6
! # 0
. $ 0
%
@
# $ 0
!
$ 0
( # 6.
. ( & .
A
6
,
.. # # 0 % # #
.. .6 . .
&$ 0 .. 6
. ! . 6#0
( # . &
#
( 22 # ( 6 #
#
1
)
.
.. ..
# &
.
2
. 6
0 6 #0 H .&
. 6 . .. ! 10 . 10 # > # . . @ .. /& J 3& J 4& 1 0 1 1 ( . 3 # 6
# & # .
.
.. . 2 .. & H /6 .
A
# #
.. & K/L
# 6 1 1 1 1 # . .
% .
. @ %
/
A ..
.
# #
# #
2
1 1 6
1 1 1 1 6# .
@3A
@4A
1 1 1 6 ( # 6# . . 3 6 ( # & &
. 1
4
&
. ..
0
6 # @5A6
#
.
1 1
B
@/A %
.. .
2
.. & 6 # %
.. & .. .. #
.
( 1) 3 4
496 # . "
# ..
.. $ 0 .. $ 0 .. 6 % (
$ 0 2 .. .
!
6
1 #
( 6
.
6
94
. 6% 6% # . 6 # 6 85
# . 496 4?
48
@3A .
#
0
2
&
..
% @
.. A # ( 88
% # B
6 .
@4A
G # .. @ . /7A # # & 8 .. 6 % 6 886 ! 6- ( - ( B
#
@5A
#
. . 2
.. (
#
( # # . 6% $ .
1 1 1 1 6
( . .& 7 87 #
0
6 6
0
&
(
# .
$ 0 . # 6 # 1
%
( .. 1
1
/
( 1 # . # ( <M B
6@
% # #
..
#
6( 1 1 768A .
..
. # % .
1
(
! 1 1 @ ( ((
6 "
1 .. 6 % 7 ?36 2 & B( 6 Kiyoto
University- Kyoto, JapanA
!
"
&
( 22 #
6 !! 6(
&
#
.
.
1
#
!
. ( 2
. 3? 6
. !!
6 . #
@7A
#
#.
1
6 # .
' 1
.
& ( .
@8A (
B
# .
. !! #
1
6
#
& # # ..
6 . # 1 .. 6 6 7
% 2 ( 9: G& 1 0 . !& ! @( A1 ' # " # & ! ! .. #0 H # Z H /8996 ( # . @ A . .. .. # . .. ( ( / # 2 (( $ -% # # .. . . B 6. # . ( 6 # 11 % $ # # . & . !
1 # !
& !
# .
6 &. & #
. N # 0 & V
"
$
(
'
$
6 # @ ( ! (! ! (A
# /:?5 $ #
6
#
. (
# # . # @ ! A " $ #. 6
0 . #
$
.
& # 6 #
0
. /:?/
(
. 2
(( #
#0 0 .. 6
#. /
.
/
(
%
$ 0 . H
.
. #
#
$ 0 & # 0 . . % 6( . . ( # # . . 6. . %
# 2 # . #. # 0
(
# .
.. 0
#
2
. < (( %
# ( . # ( 6. # . # . . $ 0 ( 6 #
2 #
.
. #
O
H . #
# #
. ( ( & 2 # . . 6.
$ 0 .
! &
#
P
(
! .
#
#
( 6 . . # .
.. 6 + &
6
# . ( 6# 0 ! .
# 6 # # 6 ( . $ 0 6 # # 2 & .. 6 # # # 0 . ( 22 # . % # 6 # # / . . ( 0 # & 3 6 # . (! !
&$ 0 1 # ( # 0 . ) 2 ((6 ( . 6 + Q # 0 1 . . . 6 2 . ( 1 6
/
# 3 -
0 ..
#
( " ( # ! #.
.
#
#
# # O .
#
H
H
&
#. (( # 6 # . . & 6 # # ( #0 ( (6. . . . . & # 1 & @ 96?6:A # $ 0 & > $ 0 6
P
. 1 @2
B
A. 2 . A
# 0
@9A
(( ( v 5/4 A
B
..
@
.
&
/
1
. .
. .
6
@?A (
6
1 .
2
2 . . . . & .. & . @ & .A @Q B
H
6
@:A
(
@
. . . (! ! 6 ' ! # 0 1
/7? ( (
@
B
R
XH
33;A
1
2 .
/
6Q
8
:A
9
. . (A . .
. . . . . # # #. ( ( 1 . . 6 H2 H 2 #
0
# ( #
1 6 /?87 G @ # . H # . 6 !
1
. 1 2 4 5 (5 )
0 1 ( #
S! # 1 < #. . <
% .
A
3
1 1
4
.
# '
& , #
.
2 7
.
.. . 0 . . .6
B +
>
# 0
6 1
+
. . .6 &.
..
1 ((
1
(
+ 6
.
#
#
2
$ 1 > # # 2 # H 5 =0 ( 1 . 2 ..
A /
6
0 ( #
( $ 0
@ .
1
$ R 547 $ R /7
((
6B
7 +
1
55 &57 $ R
6B
7
$ R
7
> $ 0
(
&$ 0 >
.
.. ( # 0 # 0
.
0 # #
# ! ,
(
2 #
.
. 2 . # 0 ( #
..
.
2 .. .
(
/
..
#
# #
.
!
0 H # ( (
(
6
. . #
#
$ 0 #
(
H 36
!
#
6 # 6
# 2
#
/;6//
. >
!
!
6 .
# 0 # 6
. ! 6>
6 $ 0
. # !
H
# &
4
.
#
!
. $
5
6
6
#
( @ (
. & 1 3 4 5
.
.
. ) ((
+ . 6
R //
06
4;
(> (
(! 6%
..
& ! (A
( 6
:5 &/;7
#0 H .
.
%
.
( . . *#0 ! # #
0 . . .
6( ( #
& . . (
( H .. ( 22 # 0
#
6 # .
(
#
# 0 @/;A
(2 # . ! (# (2 ! "
7; (6 " (
@//A
! . (
2
&
8; /
# #
6O
.
2 ' 2 ( !(
/
B
<
# #
B
2
#
P
! #
.
8;A! .
V
!
!
. . #
0 .
#
!& $ 0
..
$ 0 . 0 . . . $ H !! ( # 22 # . 2 . & / 6 2 2 H 6 # . ( $ 0 # 0 # 2 < # . #0 .. 2 # 2 # < # . 2 < 10 6 # . # /3 " ( #0 . < # # . (( ( 2 ( # . ( 6 . # 3 $ . # 2 #0 H # # . 6 # 0 # . . 11 . 6 #. 6( # ( .. 2 # . # 6# #. /
( 6 # nervous system, B
&
&
&
& &
/76/8
3
!
# . 6
. 6 # . 6 5/;&5//
3//
the human
$ 0 B
H
2
#
#
@/3A
2 # H
/
0
!! & (
.
( ! .
. (
( # ! 2 . .6
0 .
&$ 0 > #
2
((
(-
#0
3
! (
# . !!
0
. 6
6
#
# . . 6 # # #
.6
#
4
=
# > !
#
#
/ 3
4
# # . .. .
# '
(
6 # 2 . B
. 6 # . 6 3// & & ( 6% !, Davis6 :3&:4
6 @/4A
6 # . 6
5/
B . '
@/4A > ! 6 .
" ( # 11
. 6 # # . 0 ..
&
(0 ( #
. #. ( .
# 1 !!
$ 0 . .. # . H # 6 . $ $ 0 # . 11 . . 6 . # H# 0 ! H .. . 6 # 1 . ! . # H 3 ( # . #0 # . 6 $ 0 6 !
/ 3
#
.
2 ( .
#
# 2 . )
&
6 6
/:6 3; 74
2 11
#. 6
.. H
/
H
&
# .
&
11 . . .
.
.
&
! . <M >
( #
!
22 . ! ( 22 . !
. . 6 # ( 6 (
@
11 . . . . 11 . #& . 2 ! & . & . .. B ! ( 11 . &
A
! . . B
.
/5
/
1
@/5A
!!
T;
22
!
.
!
. 2 .
. 2
!
. * (
. #
/
. !6 > ((6
4;; U 4;;/
& 4;
(
! 2 !!
*! ( #
# . . 2 6' # 6
6 2 !! 353 B
.. ..
# # # . . # # 22 ! !6 '
0
6
.
.
$ 0 >
2 11 H# #
$ 0 # 2 11
#
!
#
22 . #
6
2 11 # 6
( . # H / # . # ( 6 . $ 0 6 . 2 . .. .. ( # # # . 6 . . 2 . & . # .. 6 ( . & # # B @/7A 3 # # ( /;;; 6 .. # # # 5; ( # & ( & ( . .. . B
@/7A
# 4&4;
# # # 6 & ..
!! .. 2 .
39
6
5;
/ 3
%
!6
.6( #
6
39
.
6
.
.
. . . 2 . . # $ 0& # . H 22 & . # H6 2 11 2 11 # # 0 11 2 . . 2& 2 2 11 # 2 11 .. 6 # 0 2 11 . . 2 11 . . #0 # # 6 . 2 11 < 2 11 & . . . . / ! . 6 @/8A
B
! /
2 11 & . 11 . . ! . # ( 6. # #. @ 2 A
! (
@/8A
!6 > ((6
3;7
. 2
# . . 3;5
G
2 11 & . 22 11 2 . 6( 11 (. . #. 6 2 11 . 2 11 #. 6 . # . # . 6 .. # # . # . /
& .
& .
. 6.
&
.&$ 0 !
.6
# .. .
. . . # # # . 6 # /& ( ( /?A 3& ( # 4& #
6 # . #.
!
# &
# 2 . 2 ..
# (
(
( @
( &
#
( 2 1
(
/?6/:A # 1
.
4
!6 > ((6 # . # 2 11 .6(
3;7 (2 6% . . . .
& /96
( @
(
!
4
#
3
#
/ 3
. !
6
(
6
( # . 6 2( 6 /5/ !
' .
38?&38:6
,
.
2 11 ( 6 3;6 3/A B .
/:
#6
#
#
@ ## . ( #
.
.
..
# .
6
.
.
# 2 1 .
#. . 6
# # 0
B
6 & 6#
& .&
/
@/9A
#
#
#
(
. 2 6
. .
2
G6Q
!!
& &
( # 6 # . B
( /?? @/?A
1
(
2 #
. !
2 . 6
.
! #
&
# . ! /
# . #
( 6%
(2 '
6 ( # . 6 2( 6 /5/
38:
(
( B
(-
6 1
@/:A
(
G
. # V6 ( # . 6 38: B
# 95
6 #
#
@3;A
..
#
> H
0
(
. 2 (2 6
(
# 6
# /34
6
( .
#
. 6 H
0
/
. # .
# ( # .
/
6G
!
$ 0 6
#
.
2 .. 6
( . ( #
. & 2 #
#.
6
& 6
. !!
54
2 .
. 6
22 11 # W # #
/
2 # H 22 6 ( # 0 .6 . . .6 H 3 . # . 2 # . 22 & # 2 37;;; 4;;;; . 4 6. 0 2 # ( & . H 22 2 # 3/
2 . .
#
# # 0 # 965 967 . $ 0 ( H
B
3/
#
* # #
$ 0 # . <
2 # !!
# . # (
F
R
# 6%
3 4
>
&
<
. #
# /
#0 .
.
6
$ R . 6 77 6 54 . # 6%
&
#0
# #
.
'
6 R
( 6
/5/
& &
(
. , .
. #
. 6 # . # (. 6( (. . # . 2 . #
. 6( 6.
# #
. 1
!
&
. . . & .
&
# . ( & . . 6 . ( 2
# # ( . #
, . 1 # # X
2 ( .
6 6
. 1 #
#
6 (
#
1
1
6 ,
# 0
"
#
/
/
2 /8;;
! 2 #
( &
# . 1
# . # 6# 0
.
B
.
2 0
( . # 6# # . 2 6 #0 ! ( . #
6
( #0 . ..
( 22
. ( 2 (6
549
6 !
# 0 , $ 0 &
/
. # . # . $ 0
22
#
#
#( # 6.
# H
. ( 22 $ 0& #(
. # . # #
H
.
. # &
# . . ( . . # # ### ( & ! C /& T.V.V.Persaud # ! ! # ( # # 0 & 6 & . % 2 6 % 6$ 6 # ( # /86 . # . # # # # 33 6 ( /?/ # . /::/ # # ! # $ . & B #( $ 0 . #. 6 #0 & # 0 . # & # # 0 6 /5 # 0 . 2
1
( . 6F (( # . 6 48: &48:
. #
&.
. !
. 6
# .
# %
. #. $ 0
( (
.
& # 2 . # # . > . .. ! & % 0 ( .& . # # . #. ( 6 . # .
3& + 2( 6 # 6 ( # # 0 .. 6 . ( Baylor, Houston, Texas, USA, # # ( #& # 0 & . ' (( 6 % 2 (6 ' (( 6 # . N # S & . 6 # 0 # /::36 ( . .. . / . ! 2 . 6 ( # . ! 2 . .. . 6 . . 3 # 10 #. #. . ( ..6 # # 0 . ! 2 . . . 6 ! & ( 6 . # # 6 #0 . ( .. & . ! 2 . /
3
. .
G % (
% (
= #
(
2 $ 0 4&
.. # . 6# # # 0 6. . ( . . , 6 6 # #. # $ 0 2& . . # . ! # 6. # 0 22 . . Y
% (
+
( 6 . & . ' ) 6 ( 6 # # 336 . ( # # . G 6 . #. # . + 3;; # . /:?/ 0 6 #0 . 6$ 0 ( . . 6 . . 6 #0 # 0 6 #& . 6 . # # .. .6 . # # $ 0 . " & # . # # 6 & 6# 0 # # ( 6 ( 2 . ! $ 0 6
( + ( . 6 # 6 # ( # ! # . #.
& & # & #&
6 ( 2 . . .
0 & . 2
& 6(
. . #
. 6
(
# 0
.
6
. #
0
#
. .
%
5&
#
" 6 6
$ #
# +
& 6
&
# F ( ( . %
Q
. . 6 6)
6
" . $ 0
.
H
. 6 .
# 2 .
2
1 # # #
. "
0
.
!
#
11 6
6
#
Q >
$ 0 & & .
. &
.
+
( #
(
11 . # 6
# $ R
R
! 6 #
6
6 # . ! . . 6 # . .
# # $ R
# *
! #. 6 #(
0
%
6
0
. 6 6
..
#
6
7& > .. 6 ( . (
$
6 # 2& &
. 6 #. 10 B
2
&
. H# 0 . . $ 0
.
/
/
.
6G 6$ #. @ A ! # 6 .
#
2
2
&
&
# # &
#
.
. #
. # # &
#
.. . . ( 6 . 6 . ( ! . .
6 #
6( & ..
# &
.
#. 8& '
= ( 6" # #0 . q H
$ 06 6' 6+ 2 6
#
.
. & 6' 6+ 2 6 # . # H ( & $ 0 ' 6 # # 1 # . # 1 ( 6 & 2# # ( # 1 (
( (
# 6%
6 .
9& ' Q
# . # #
$ 0 #
( % 6' 6 # $ 0 #. .
( 22
. 6
.
&
.
. ( .
& & &
0 .
. .
#
# . .
. !
6 # ! . 6
. 6# #
2 (
# .
6
$ 0
6 ' #
# 0 #
# .
&
# 6 # . # . 6 . . # 0 H # .
0 . # 0& F # 6 . ( # 6 % # . # & . # 0 6 # # & 6 & # #. #& # ( ( # $ # 2 & . # . ( # 6% & . . Q . . . &. # ( $ 0 6 # # . &. 6 . 0 & . . . . 2 & . ( . . $ 0 . # < # # # 0 # % # $ 0 < .. .. < + # # $ 0 & > #. B 2 ( 6 22 6 . # ### ( & ! C(! ! # . # # 3&
. !
0
$ 0 > $ 0 22 . 6 ( .6( .
#
( . ( #
. (
6
# (
# & ( # . # . 6 # .
# .
6# 1 $ 0
>
( . ! 22
(
#. 0
B
.
# # #
. #
$ 0& 6
..
(
!
6
$ 0 # .
/;? 6.
!!
! (
6 ( .
6
#( . ( 22
/
( 22
.
(
1
#
&
.
3
=
. . . .
22 .
/
3
(
G
! 6 #
#
6
6 $ R
6$ 0
34&37 6+ ( 6'
.
36
335
& &
.
6
.
. . .
6
&
6 4&#
( ( ( (
. .
% % 62
$
.
(
&
( #
. H 1 1
/? . #0& 6
( #0 1& #
6
.
6
# . &
6
.. . . /& 3& 4&
2
. . #
#
. 10 6# 0 . . . % ( ( (
(
(
# .
.
0 +
&
. .
&
.
. .
( . %
6 #. 0 !!
.
.
% ( ..
% ( 6
& &
# . 6 #
6
# 0 # # % ( ( 6# 0 % 6 1 . ! 6 # 6 (& 6 ( & ( . % ( . # # ( 6 % (( ( .. 11 - 0 # ! &
% ( .. # 6
% ( .
$
% 6
# % ( ( (
6 6
# . %
# # @
.
% A
( 2
. /& . %
( 3&
6 4&
. =
6 .
( *(
6
1 6
<
# (
. . # /76 /? /?6 . &
#
#
& &
% ( ( # ( / 3/6 . . ( # 0 # ( H ( H /? /? (. A (
&
< % ( 6 < # # 6 =
#
2 2 ! . .
. = =
@
# 6 / /:&3/
& /? &
# #
6 (
3/
( (
. #6
( (
& &
0
%
( #
(0 ! . # . @ (0 .
@ + %
(
# (
& >
.. # =
6 ( 53 /&/4 ! . H > ( H 22 2 6 . . 2 53 5A $ # 1 0 // $ $ ' # 37 /4 ( % @ A
# . # . @ A> A 6
@$ 0
& !& & # & &
. #
.. &
A
%
+
&
%
% . $ 0 .
6
.
. .
+
&
%
# 0 0
#0 /:A
#
/?
.. .
A6 2
### ( 5&
( @ (
$ 0 #
.
%
6
% &
( !
. . $ 0
C .
&
2
F
2 #
) ( F
HF
( . H 22
#0
$
$ 0
F # F
)
. ( 2 .
3
F
' #& (
Z
H
# . ) ( & 6 F 2 ) ( # 0 2 # . # 833 # F 6 .. . ( # 6 . ( ( 6 2 # 6 # 2 6! 2 8/4 @ A # $ 0 . . 6 $ 0 6 # .. #& . % @ A & . # . 6 . # #( ! (. 0
( 7& #( $ #( # ( /
$ 0&
2 ( 6.
8/4
!
/
H (
F
.
#0 6
2 ) ( .
$
>
3
.. #.
6 # G
. % . 6
3&5 6 Ostrogorsky, h 95
#
@
. % 0 .
A
#&
& &
% . 2 !!
#( 6 ..
#( +
# 2 . . # 0 ( # . 6
#0 (
# . ( .
2 . > # 6 ! & ( < #0
" ( # $ #( .
# & 6 +
#
/ 3
G .
% ( G
#
+
. # # # 0 (
! (. # . % 6
&
# &
B
# . 2 # # .
&.
3
#
. #
6
2
.
!
! .
#0 0
#.
.. #(
0
0
#
%
#
&
#
8& (
& & 2 &
(
% ..
. @ A 2 !! . . / . @ A . 6 ( .
.
6 2
.
6
( 11 B # . 0
& # 0 !!
.
N#
( 6
@
A
.
#0 # . #
6 #
&
..6 # . &
%
@
!
A
. < #0 .
6 .
# 6
&
6
.
( @
0
&
A
( # (
..
/
(
.
.
0
3
..
@ #A
#
. # 0 . 2 !!
.
@
A
#
4
" ( 6 # 22 . 6( # # .. 6
2
.
. @ (6 # 22 6
A
# 22 & . 6 # 2& # ( &
5
& 6
. # ( #
. # ( . 62 % .
.
/ 3 4
5
. . . .
< # # 0 G G B( R
.
!
.
& #
# # #
# #
6
( ! # . 6#
/? . &
11
!
!
( .
#. . # .<
# - 11 .
6
#.
#
# 6 !
# !
. 6 . 6
# 0 # 0 (. . , ( . . 6# (
#
2 .
. 6
&
6 ( . & 6
6 #
/
6
6 #
# 6
0
(
0
# 0
> #
# 0
6#0 # 0 . 6. ( 6 # & 11 .. .&
.
A
.
# 6 # # # 6
(
6 @
.
6 . # # 6
6 # 0 . !
.
6 .
6 #
$
.
( 11
.. $
. (
# 0 6 # 0 H((
6 #
# . ( # /
% (
. 6 G
#6 . 6N # #
..
# . .
(
. 0 H #
# 6( 6( # # 22
& & & &
( 6# ( # . . %
@
.
..
%
..
. # &
<
& (
A
<
#
6 # 22 11 < 6#
.
#
2
.
#
H
H # N
.
" . 6
. 6
.
6
#
.
6
(( 22
#
0
# 6
6
& #
6
3
# # (
22 ( % # 6 #
6
(
/&4?
/
@
A
J#
2
# H
( 6
22 & &
. # 22 #
" .
# 0 ( 22 6 #. W #
.
2
6 ( 22 . 6
#
. # . # # .
11 % 1
& #
4
"
( 22 <
# 1 3 ( 4
6 ) ((
6
"(
6
"(
6
/U5 6
& # 0
1 1 6 <
.
#0
# # # (
. %
H>
0
# 0 6# . / <M %
11 . & . . . . .
.
6
%
%
. 6
.
&
. H
9& 2
!
(
(
6 .
# # 0 . 6
# 6 # !
# (
. 11 . 2 & ( . # ! ( 2 # 2 # 6 ( ( #. 6 " F Q 3 (' ( &+ .. # # 4 6G 1 # . & -( . # ! 5 6> G &-( . # !
( . 6 # ! . 6 #
& . . . G 6- ( (' (6 4/ % /::56 4 ' $ 6 6 /9 ) ! 6 /:?:6 5 (4 ) Geraldine Baum, News day, 7 Mars (mbooy), 1989, h 4.
0 - (&
#
/
3
0
4
. 6
- >
6
B #
'
(
/
B
.
# 0
(
6 # ( 6 W
.
# # . 6
2 6
#
>
>
! . # 0 #
. #
.. #
. ! 6% 6 (
. . 6
. ! 6
# ( 2 ( (
6 . . . 0
0
( . 2 # 0 $ 0 . (
(1 ) Ari New York Times, 21 Feburye (Colte) 1989, h 1.
&
!
& & &
&
$ = (
F*- , , W*11 - (
..
#. 6 .
/& >
.
..
(&
! .
$ 0 11 6 # / H
(
H# #
. . ! H
$ 0 #
( H
B (
3
. 6 # 6 # 6>
( #0
.
. H
A
6 (
6
(
6
6 #0
(
6
#0 # 6
(
@
& &
# 6 #
#0
# 6
#0 ( 22 *
#
H #
&
#
#
G
6
. .
6 &" G G
37 6
3/
4
# # #
/ ( 3 ( 4 4
H
& 5
*
6
H .
6
. H /
. *
H
.
2 6 #0 <( . # . ( . 6 # # ( # ( 22 6 ! H . ( . & 6 ! ( ! 6 . # 6# ### ( & !
6 . < #0
! . 6 #
#
> $ 0
1 6 ( ( 2 6 3& >
. !!
.
# 6
H
. # (. ! ( ! 6 H
6
.
. 6
#
# ..
# # H 5
6 6
(
4 ( 5 (
. .
G % ( ( R6
79 6
:/
!
. #
. # #
$ 0 3
&
C
.
/
4
6 #
(
. H3 #6 6 . 1&
. $ 0
.
11 & 0
. # 6 # .
& (&
# (
0
H(( 6
0
(
0
( 6
.
@
. # H
A
H
& "
/
. .
6 #
6 6 #0
<
.
6
6
4& % .
.
H
.
. > H H
$ 0
. $ 0 >
6
#
. H
H ! . 6 , .
# . .
#
5
. .
(
.
.
# . Q
& . '
V
= ( ( 6
R 6 39 % ( 6 3? 6 /35
( ( & & ( 6
# (
/
. .. 6 2 . 6
.
.
&
.
4
# B 6 # # . . /7; ;;; #
( 3 4 ( 5 (
.
#
.
#0
3
(
>
. # #
<
. # &
6
### ( & # . ( ! ! ! 0 . 2 ! .
!
5&
C( !
(6 # #
(
.
6
(
&
6
.
6 #0 # . ( .6 #0 6 # .
0 @
& .&
&
.
. 6 #0 6
( . !
. .. # .
( 6
# 6 # . < (
A
# <
&
$ F*- ' ' W*$N% ' $NNW' B, - "
@
# ( . #
(
< . . . >
#
22
&
. %
A
•
2 .. .
(
/& . 0 + . . 6
. 6 #
.. #
.. ( # 6 .
( # >
(
. 6
#. 2
2 ( " # . 6. #
# (
(
11
(
. H#
( . 6
$ 0& # 6
/
!! .
! .
&
.6 6#
/
%
. . .
. (
6#
0
# $ $
2
6
#
#
0 #
& &
6 #
( . 6 # . 6
>
# # . 6 # # # 6 # 6 . # 0
# . $ # (
0
6
# (
.
# . 6 #
.
6
# & # #
/
>
# ..
#
$
. . # # # ( . ( % # .. 6 / 3
. ( 22 #. 6
.
&% ( 6 3975 37 ( + /:?5 # # R ( 6 ! 2 .
&
# # .
..
( 6 ( # 6( >
# (
( #
3
H 6 ( # 6 6
6 R ! 2 .
# ( .
#
!
R .
#
R
&
#
R
( ! 2 . (
R
/ # # . 6 H # . 6 # . ( # 6( # 22 (. . 6 > . 6> . % ( % ( 6 # . . . 6 6 $ 0
-(
(
6( 6 # 0
( 22 ( .. - ( ( .. , . #. # .. ( # 6 # . 6
# 0 ( 6 H H B . #
6> 6. . .
6
( (2 ) ( 4 (
2 2
H3
#
. & 6 ( &
( .. & 6 &
2 .
& &
.
( #
( 6
% R % R .
93 94&97 6
3/7;
.
6
$
&
# . $ 0 6
6 .
/
6
6
. 4
& & &
.
.
!
. .
#
# . B
.
6 .
# 0
.
.
#
(6 53
#
3&
. 0 + . # 6 # ( # # 0 . @ 4&
. 0 >
.
. +
.
6
22 .
# 0
22
@
A
>
0 0 $ 0 22 $ 0&
0 H /
0 .
&
6 (
6
6
(
B $
6 . >
# 0
. % # #.
%
# . H3 (
&" &
6
5;
6> .
>
: 6
6
6 # 6
6 &
.
# 6
( (
6 ( ! ! ( @ A6
#
>
H% %
3
&
6
5& +
&
.
H
/
.6 . $ 0
> 2 # #
. . % #
>
A
. 0
+
6
#
0
& (
7& + . . 8& + . 0
. 0
#
.
.
# >
6
(
#
#2
. 0 .
.
& +
.
# 0
6
.
#
(
2 #
& !
> . 0 /& > # 3& > # # . 4& > 5& > . # # ### ( & 2 ( V% ( $ 0 < # # .6# . .. . # 0 . 6 > . 0 (
6
(
2 # . # .
#
&
6
6
# #
! ..
C
(6
2
# ( 0
. . # . (
(
. (
# #
& # 0&
(
2
# .6# ..
V= & (
&
% .
. # 0
( # ( . . . 6(
6( 2 #
1
&
/
.
#
.
11 11
#
3
&
.
( #
.
4
. &
. . (
& & &
#
6 5
6 . ( .
( 11 . .
# 7
( 8
(
#
6
11
9
. &
#
6 ?
. &
#
#
( &
:
& 6 / 3 4 5 7 8 9 ? :
1 . . . . . . . . .
G
6
% ( ' % (
G ' ' G G % (
% ( % ( %
.
0
. #
6
# &
( #
#0 1 1
!!
(
.
6. . #
/
1
6 W .
22 &
0
. 6 < #0 3
# 2
2
#
# .
(
# .
# .
( .
< .
0 . 6 #
0 * . ( 6
..
. # 6 #
# !
(
& &
# . #
..
& #
% >
2 # 0 . 6
.
>
W H #
.
( ! (
H
( #
11
% >
4
# 0 H # H . ! 6
2 .
22 % ( ?3
# .
. # (
G G
H
4
#0 H
( .
!
. .
/
&
H
! (
3
6 %
&
H/ 6
H
(
(
.
. 6 # # # 11 6 ( (
& 6
# # (.
. H3
# . (
. (
( ( &
(
6 .
(
< + .
#
1 # #0 H 6
#
# . # ((&& H
.
Q
# ( % ( 6 ( >
.
(
# # 6 . 6 .. ( (
$ 0
*
#
. # #
. # ! . 0
.
.
6(
.
6
. 6
#
6
6 .
#
$
H . B
&
H
( #
4
.
.
. !
# /
6 6
3 4
(
0 &
&+
6
# 0 #
?7 :/ 78
6 6#
&
!! #
> . # # !! H ! .
$ 0 6 #
#
0 H/
6
6 #
B .
H #0
.
( # . # #
#
H #
6
. H . . .
6
#
.
# . 6
6 # .
.
!6
. 6( . #
( 3 ( 4
&% Al-% .
& H
4
. # 0 6. # 0 !
&" .. # # # . < $ .. . #0 H # . ( # > H ( % . # . !! # . # ( # > 6 # ( # 6 ! . # .. B .. # . # .. & . 0 # 0 $ 0 22 #
/
& 3
6 6 % (
//36 //4 //76 //8
&
&
. 0
& # & # ( B . >
# 0 # # ( # #
# >
!! . (
$ 0
# H( .. ..
.. ( # . 6
(
6 6 #
/
#
.
( #
>
# &" $ 0 &$ 0 # & .. . 0 /
.
# # 6 0 6 #06 # #
.
&
.
% (
6
.
# #
. # . 6
< #
&
22 #
0 .
6
# 6
. 6
#&
# =
6$ 0 . # #
#
0
>
2 #& . . &
.. 2 #. 6 ( #% .
# 0
$ 0
. 22
. .
$ 0 #
6
& # 0 &#
# $ 0 10
$ 0 # 6 #
.
&" %
#
#
%
# $ 0 6. # ( # 22
# . 6
< %
79;
( 6 6
& #
22
&
( .. 6 6
$ ( # % # 0 # # # # # 6 # = & & 6 # 0 B % # 6 . . . . . . " # . #0 . % #. 6 ( ( # (
& & &
B #
! 2
.
6% # + 22
( B
%
.. .
. 2 0 1 ( 833 % 38; 2 .. . . # 0
+
#
#
$ 0 $ 0
6
& 2 .& 1&
6 ( .
%
% & (
!
(
& # .. !
&
#
%
6
6 # ! 2 .
0
6 #
# ! & & ! &
( ( .
(
(2 (
#
6
(
6 ( # B
. . . 6
6 # # 0 (
.
# 6 ( 6 ..
# .. # $
.6
6
( 2
. #
.
.
% ### (
&
!
C
%
&" -(
!
(
# ..
( ( &
1 1 ( .
(
(
#. ( F # . (
# 6
2 . .
&
6 .
6
.
#.
6
6 #
( 6
* 26 # 6 . * 2
# 6
# # . #
. ( 6 %
# . . !
.
.
11
6 &
(
;
+ .
( 6#
& (
.
(
6
! #. +
6
(
(
.
& 2 # 6
. . # .
( .
! 2 #
# .
&"
. .
.
.
. (
. ( ..
( #
2 6#
#
A .
&
< 6
# $ 0 # $ 0 +
( #
# 6 % .
# % 6 # $ 0
( (
H((
0 % %
# % (
. 6
#
6
(
( & #& #&
11 6 #0 & .. # .. . 6 #0 & > # ( / #0 . H # $ ( # #( #& . 6# # 6> $ 0 H 6 . ( 3 ( #0 . H # 6 # ( # ( #. > ( $ 0 # 0 ( # H #( & . 6 # # ( # . # # 6 ( . # & # ( > 6 . ! . H4 + . # 0 ( # 6 2 # 2 6 > . # 6 .& . ( 6 ( 2 # ( # > H # % ( % . 6 & 2 6 .. 6 & ( 6 /
( (2 ) ( 4 (
6 6 6
57 U 59 7: 5:
6( . B
H
(
6
. % (.
(
6. %
( H
0
B
(.
(
2
(
(
### (
79 22
#
( .. # ( 6 . # B
6 #
( .
0
&
$ (
(
( R # . # R
#
#
3
+
3
#
#
. 6
/
# 0
/
. .
6(
$ #
# .
!
#
(
#
#. #
#. 6 H# 0 , # . 2 . 10 ( ' ( . . B #
&
C ( (
# # 0 22
# 43
& ..
(
# #
7; # #
&
2
&
6 #. 2
6
#
• "
(
0
(
-(
# #.
H
< 0
.
11 0
& . &
. 0 6> % # 6#
# (
.
.
H/ .
3
(
#
#
6#
4
*
H
#
#
6 ! 2 . %
H5 .
7
# . #. ( ( #0
# 6 6 #0 H # 1 1 # 6
8
H
.. # #
2 & H .
( . # 22
6
H? *#0
/ 3 4 5 7 8 9 ?
(
H
&% 6 % ( /955 % ( /94/ &G 4/88 # 3897 % ( ?? % ( /89? % ( 3533
.
#
? &G /5;? % &G &G &G
4;/7 38?8 8?9/ 8744 3487
9
.
( . 1 ( (
# # 6
. #
6
6
# #0
#
.
. #
6 # < # .
H
#
. #
#
.
3
( H 11
10
( . 11 6
6
3
(
.. 6 #
(
( (
% ( % (
3355 ( /:77
&
# # . # ( #
( . 6
. (# #. 6 # 2 2 # ( . . .6 . ( ( ( # # 6 . ..
#
/
!! # ..
. (
.
#
( .
(
#
# .
/
#
=
H .
6 #0 H
. 6( . 6
11 6(
1
6 .
=
&
&G /5;:
3588
. 6 #
6
& 6
( 1 # . .
&
• +
.
..
.
(
-( #. $
.. . .. .
.
(
B
(
&
. .. (
( . #
6 . # . -( 6 . . 1
& # . -( .. # H1 1
. #. H
$ 0 ! .
# 2 .
H 11
2 -( 11
.
#
6
.
# 2 62 # 0 ( # . #0 H 6 &"
6
.
6
/
( (
B
(
. H
( 6
#
/
# ..
!
.
/4
# # ..
#
..
#! 6# 6
&
6
6 .
$ #
.
( #
H
0
.. # # 6 6#
.. -( # ( . %
6 /
# . %
0 ( . >
.
# # .. & 6 (
.
11 6 ..
. # .
#
-(
.
>
H 6(
# H
. 6 # .. .
.
B
.
. .
H
. H
6
> .
H .
>
# #0
( # H#
.
5
.
0 6( . .
/
( 3 ( 4 ( 5 ( 7 % (
.
4
6( W #
3
B( R # " ! . % R 6 ?
0
# . 6 H H7
&
.
&
33:9? 7? : 79:? (
&G
3559
6#
. &
#0
H H/
• $ #
-(
-(
6 ..
1
#
( . # . 36
.
6 #
.
# (
11
6 6 &
# # .
< (
.. 6
6
6 #
&
*
& .
.
#
$ 6 # ( 1
. 11 0
-( 11 H
. #0 11 #
6 4
=
( # 11
-( >
#0
.
. 6 11 < # .. < #
/
% (
3 4
0 #
.
37?3 % ( . #
0 Z
# #
9/84 6
& ..
<
#
Z
#
.. <
/
# B
2
- (&
6 . # # ### ( & !
• % %
# C#
(
-(
& 2
# &
..
.. # 0 .
6 #
11
$
0&
( ( 11
2 0
# !
-( (
#
6
&
,
.
1 # ( #
0
6. 1 2
( ( (&
!
.6
0
(
• "
# .
. (
# . . # # # .
#
H 2
#& &
(
6.
-( 6
!
2.
(
#
6 B
# /
<
% (
375?
&
7:9/
.
6 # . .
+
. (
#
6
# ! # .
-(
# . 0 # ..
6 # .. & ..
11 #
.
. 6
# >
6( H 11
#
.
.. # # 0 ! H/
# #
6 #
• $ # + .
0 #( # # 6 H H#
# 6( 6#
(
0
-( # . #
-( 6
. < .
( # > # 0 # # 0
(
#
6 &
6
. 6
#. /& ( ,
# % H #
# #
. 0 .
0
# . ( # . 0 H # . H !! . ( # # ( # .. B
( # H
6 (
6 -( ( /
(
(
1
346 35
# (
.
. #
. # .
&
3& .
.
( . +
-( #
(
..
. ( G
# . ( #
+ #
6
&
# 0
#
#0 G H/ G
H #
.
B
.
(
0 + )
.
.. . ) ( ' > 1 6 . # # # 2 . # # 3 ### ( & ! C2
( B 4& # .
(
# #.
> #. .. # ( H
# ( H
0 .
#
&
6 &
0 H H # . ( . 6
?7
#
.6
#
5:?76
( -(
&
. /3 6
3
6#
.
(
/
(
6
# 3379: 6
367T
#
=
0 6.
. ( . 0
.. B ..
6( . # #
5& " +
#
(
6 ( .
#
/ 3
#
&
# 0 .
11 11 #
&
!!
0
7& " "
. . # . . 0 ( /
= !
.
( # 6
6
#
# 0 # 0 # . .. 6 # . #
& #
% %
# # 0 # " & .. % 6 # # " ( % 6 # . # ' ( $ & ! ! . .6. 2 . 6 2 ( # . ! # ( ( ..6 # % # ..6# " # . . 3 W # . 6 > 6 . 6 (# & # # # .. %
# ..
/7
( 6 .
# .
B
.
B
. .. -(
!
6
% $ $ $
( B . 6 . ### (
#
#
# 0
&
!
&
. ### (
#
E & '
# 6 .. (. - (
C2
#
( -(
# . 6 .
6 !! &
#
B
B
6
( 2
. #
&
&
# 6 . # # !
# & &
#
.
:88/ 575/;87
) ( :88/ 5748?53 W 3/89: F //577? B ( 6 & 6G 2 ( & . . # 6 % 0 (( ( & &( &$ 0 ( 6% (G &B ( 6 & # &B # ( # # &) . 6% N( 6 & &) $ 0 . % % *. # . . ### ( & !
0
& % &
6 #
) (
( 6
. ! 6
#
# .
#
2 11 6 ( ! ! ( ! 2 !
6
#
# 6 6 # 6 0
. . # 2 6
#
.
. ! ..
6 1 6 & . 1 1
# 6 0 . 1 0 6 ( ( 6 1
2
.
.
( .
.
.
(
.
( (. # 62 # # ( # . 1 2 # 6 . . . ( 6 2 # . ( # # # ( # . 2 . . # . # # # 6 . (
(
. 6 2
# .
6 ( 0 6 .. ( 6 (
# #.
.
.
.. 0
( .
0
22 . # 2 .
2 . 2 22 2 2 2 . #. 2 6 2 . ! . 2 . . # # # 0 0 . ( # ( ( ( . . # # #
&
. #
##
( 6 0
1 10 1
/;; 6 .
.
22
.
-
-
-
.
Ahrens, C. Donald. 1988. Meteorology Today. 3rd ed. St. Paul: West publishing company. Anderson, Ralph K.; and others. 1978. The use of satellite pictures in weather analysis and forecasting. Geneva: secretarial of the world meteorobgical organization. Anthes, Richard A., John J. Cahir; Alistair B. Fraser; and Hans A. panofsky, 1981, the atmosphere. 3rd ed. Columbus: Charles E. Memill publishing company. Baker, Kenneth, and others, 1985, the NIV study Bible, New international version. Grand Rapids, Michigan: zondervan publishing house. Bodin, Svante. 1978, weather and climate. Poole, Dorest: Blandford press Ld. Cailleux, Andre, 1968, Anatomy of the Earth, London: World University Library, Couper, Heather: and Nigel Henbest, 1995, the Space Atlas, London: Dorling Kindersley Limited. Davis, Richard A. Jr. 1972, principles of Oceanography. Don Mills, Ontario: Addison-wesley publishing Company. Douglas, J.D., and Merrill C. Tenney, 189. NIV Compact Dictionary of the Bible, Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan publishing house. Elder, Danny; and John pemetta, 1991: Oceans London: Mitchell Beazley publishers. Farnighetti, Robert, 1996. the world Almanac and Book of facts 1996. Mahwah, New Jersey, world Almanac books. Gross, M. Grant, 1993. Oceanography, a view of Earth, 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Hickman, Cleveland P., and others, 1979, integrated principles of Zoology, 6th ed. St. Louis: the C.V. Mosby company.
-
-
-
-
-
Al-Hilali, Muhammad T., and Muhammad M. Khan, 1994, interpretation of the meanings of the Noble Qurqn in the English language, 4th revised ed. Riy adh: Maktaba Dar-us-Salam. The holy Bible Containing the Old and New Testaments (Revised Standard Version) 1971, New York: William Collins Songs & Co. Ltd. Ibn Hisham, Abdul-Malek, Al-Serah Al-Nabaweyyah, Beirut: Dar El-Marefah, The Islamic affaires department, the Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Washington DC, 1989. Understanding Islam and the Muslims, Washington, DC: The Islamic affaires Department, the Embassy of Saudi Arabia. Kuenen, H., 1960, Marine Geology, New York: John Wiley & Son: S., Inc. Leeson, C.R., and T. S. Leeson, 1981, Histology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company. Ludlam, F. H.., 1980,Clouds and Storms, London: the Pennsylvania state University Press. Makky, Ahmad A., others, 1993, Ee’jaz al-Quran alkareem, fee wast Anwa’al-Riyah, al-Sohob, al-Matar. Makkah: Commission on Scientific Signs of the Quran and Sunnah. Miller, Albert; and Jack C. Thomson, 1975, Elements of Meteorology, 2nd ed. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill publishing company. Moor, Keith L.; Marshall Johnson; T. V. N. Persaud; Gerald C. Goeringer; Abdul-Majeed A. Zindani; and Mustafa A. Ahmed, 1987. Human development as Described in the Quran and sunnah, Makkah: Commission on Scientific Signs of the Quran and sunnah. Moor, Keith L.; A. A. Zindan; and others, 1987, AlEe’jaz al-Ejmy fee al-Naseyah (the Scientific Miracles in
-
-
the front of the Head), Makkah: Commission on Scientific Signs of the Quran and sunnah. Moor, Keith L.; 1983, the Developing Human, Clinically Oriented Embryology, with Islamic Additions, 3rd ed. Jeddah: Dar Al-Qiblah. Moor, Keith L.; and T. V. N. Persaud , 1993, The Developing Human, Clinically Oriented Embryology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Company. El-Naggar, Z. R., 1991, The Geological concept of Mountains in the Quran, 1st ed. Hemdon: international institute of Islamic thought. Neufeldt, V., 1994, Wedstarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s New World Dictionary, third college, New York: Prentice Hall. The new Encyclopedia Britannica, 1981, 15th ed. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Noback, Carfes R.; N. L. Strominger; and R. J. Demarest, 1991, The Human Nervous system, Introduction and Review, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. Ostrogorsky, George, 1969, History of the Byzantine State, Translated from the German by Joan Hussey, Revised ed. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. Press, Frank; and Raymond Siever, 1982, Earth, 3rd ed. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Company. Ross W. D.; and others, 1963, The Works of Aristotle translated into English: Meteorological vol. 3. London: Oxford University Press. Scorer, Richard, and Harry Wexler, 1963, a Colour Guide to Clouds, Robert Maxwell. Seeds, Michael A., 1981, Horizons Exploring, the Universe, Belmont: Wadsworth publishing Company. Seeley, Rod R.; Trend D. Stephens; and Philip Tate, 1996, Essentials of anatomy & Physiology, 2nd ed. St. Louis; Mosby-Year Book. Inc.
-
Sykes, Percy, 1963, History of Persia, 3rd ed. London: Macmillan & Co Ltd. Tarbuck, Edward J.; and Frederick K. Lutgens, 1982, Earth Science, 3rd ed. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company. Thurman, Harold V. 1988, Introductory Oceanography, 5th ed. Columbus: Merrill Publishing Company. Weingberg, Steven, 1984, The first three Minutes, a Modern View of the origin of the Universe, 5th printing, New York: Bantam Books. Al-Zarkashy, Badr Al-Deen, 1990, al-Borhan fee Oloom Al-Quran, 1st ed. Beirut: Dar El-Marefah. Zindani, A.A., This is the Truth (video tape), Makkah: Commission on Scientific Signs of the Quran and Sunnah.