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MC cause of bronchitis - adenovirus
Tuberculosis treatment that causes peripheral neuropathy - Isoniazid
-give B6 (pyridoxine) to help prevent
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Tx of strep throat - penicillin for 10 days abirb.com/test
MC type of pharyngitis/tonsillitis - viral abirb.com/test
Diagnosis of acute/chronic sinusitis - CT scan
Tx of acute sinusitis - Amoxicillin
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MC bacterial cause of chronic sinusitis - S. aureus abirb.com/test
MC fungal cause of chronic sinusitis - Aspergillus abirb.com/test
Tx of chronic sinusitis - Amphotericin B
(fungal)
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MC cause of conjunctivitis - viral (adenovirus)
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Common place to contract conjunctivitis - swimming pools abirb.com/test
PE finding in conjunctivitis - preauricular lymphadenopathy abirb.com/test
Infection of lacrimal sac - Dacryocystitis
Tx of labyrinthitis - steroids
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Tx of otitis externa - Ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone abirb.com/test
Ofloxacin if perforated TM abirb.com/test
MC cause of otitis media - Bacterial (Strep. pneumo)
Tx of otitis media - Amoxicillin
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First line tx of acute glaucoma - Acetazolamide abirb.com/test
(also Timolol and Pilocarpine) abirb.com/test
Drusen seen in... - Dry macular degeneration (Drusen = Dry)
Tx of wet macular degeneration - anti-angiogenics (bevacizumab)
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Tx of papilledema - Acetazolamide (diuretic) abirb.com/test
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"blood and thunder" finding on PE of eye - central retinal vein occlusion
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Painless brown/yellow otorrhea with odor - Cholesteatoma abirb.com/test
Allergic rhinitis is ________ mediated - IgE abirb.com/test
Tx of allergic rhinitis - inranasal steroids
MC location for posterior epistaxis - Palatine artery
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MC cause of peritonsillar abscess - MC strep pyogenes (GABHS) abirb.com/test
Diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess - CT scan abirb.com/test
HTN goals - < 140/90 < 150/90 if > 60 years old abirb.com/test
Sore throat with absence of cough - strep pharyngitis (strep throat)
Gold standard test for Von Willebrand disease - Ristocetin activity test
(will be DECREASED in Von Willebrand dz)
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Desmopressin is only a good tx for hemophilia _____ - A abirb.com/test
Vitamin _____ increases iron absorption - C abirb.com/test
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B12 is absorbed in the ______ - ileum abirb.com/test
Folate is absorbed in the ______ - jejunum
Tx of CML - Imatinib (Gleevec)
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"smudge cells" = - CLL (chronic so cells are fragile and smudge easily) abirb.com/test
"auer rods" = - AML abirb.com/test
Microcytic anemia with normal/increased serum iron or no response to iron tx = Thalassemia abirb.com/test
"target cells" = - Thalassemia
Polycythemia = __________ mutation - JAK2
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MC cause of gastritis - H. pylori abirb.com/test
Tx of H. pylori infection - "CAP" abirb.com/test
Clarithromycin Amoxicillin PPI
Viral hepatitis that causes a spiking fever - Hep. A
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MC cause of cholecystitis - gallstones in the bile duct and subsequent infection with E. coli abirb.com/test
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Infectious esophagitis MC in who? - Immunocompromised
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(Candida, CMV, HSV) abirb.com/test
Hallmark of infectious esophagitis - odynophagia (pain swallowing foods) abirb.com/test
multiple corrugated rings seen on endoscopy = - Eosinophilic esophagitis
Mainstay of tx in PAD - Cilostazol
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Helps to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers (but does not treat ulcers that are already present) - Misoprostol abirb.com/test
MC cause of pancreatitis in children - cystic fibrosis abirb.com/test
hallmark of ulcerative colitis - bloody diarrhea abirb.com/test
Labs for ulcerative colitis and crohn's - Ulcerative colitis = PANCA Crohn's = ASCA abirb.com/test
Maintenance tx for ulcerative colitis and crohn's - Mesalamine (NSAID)
(steroids in acute flare)
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MC type of colon polyp and least risk or becoming cancerous - tubular adenoma
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Colon polyp with the highest risk of becoming cancerous - Villous adenoma abirb.com/test
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Mainstay of tx of gastroenteritis - fluid repletion (po preferred) abirb.com/test
MC overall cause of gastroenteritis in adults - Norovirus
MC cause of diarrhea in children - Rotavirus
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"Rice water stools" = - cholera abirb.com/test
Tx with fluid replacement and tetracyclines abirb.com/test
Common antibiotic causing C. diff - Clindamycin
Tx of C. diff - Metronidazole first line
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Vancomycin 2nd line (but first if severe) abirb.com/test
MC cause of bacterial enteritis in US - Campylobacter jejuni
"S, comma, or seagull shaped" on stool culture = - Campylobacter enteritis abirb.com/test
Tx of Campylobacter enteritis - Erythromycin abirb.com/test
Explosive, water, bloody or mucoid diarrhea - Shigella abirb.com/test
Tx of shigella causing diarrhea - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
"pea soup" stool - Salmonella typhi
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Tx of salmonella gastroenteritis - Fluoroquinolones (-floxacin) if severe abirb.com/test
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"Backpacker's diarrhea"
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"Frothy, greasy, foul diarrhea" - Giardia lamblia
Tx of Giardia lamblia - Metronidazole
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Tx of amebiasis - Metronidazole abirb.com/test
MC cause of chronic diarrhea in patients with AIDS - Cryptosporidium abirb.com/test
Exclamation point hairs - alopecia areata
Tx of androgenic alopecia - minoxidil and finasteride
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Lichen planus has an increased incidence with... - Hep. C abirb.com/test
"Pencil-in-cup" deformity on x-ray of the fingers - Psoriatic arthritis abirb.com/test
Tinea versicolor = overgrowth of - Malassezia furfur abirb.com/test
Lichen simplex chronicus = - thickened skin due to repeated scratching in patients with eczema, psoriasis, etc. (affected skin fails to tan)
Tx of tinea versicolor - Topical antifungals: ("azoles")
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Selenium sulfide Sodium sulfacetamide
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Zinc pyrithione
Systemic therapy: Itraconazole or Fluconazole
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Must not shower for 8-12 hours after administration
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Seborrheic dermatitis - Hypersensitivity of Malassezia furfur (dandruff, cradle cap) abirb.com/test
occurs in areas of high sebaceous gland oversecretion abirb.com/test
Same tx as tinea versicolor + Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole for infants with cradle cap
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Tx of urticaria - antihistamines abirb.com/test
Erythema multiforme is a type ______ hypersensitivity reaction - IV abirb.com/test
Erythema multiforme MC associated with... - Herpes simplex virus
Target lesions and "dusty-violet" red, purpuric macules/vesicles in the center - Erythema abirb.com/test multiforme
Erythema multiforme minor vs major - Minor - no mucosal membrane lesions abirb.com/test
Major - involvement of >1 mucous membranes; ne epidermal detachment abirb.com/test
First line tx for rosacea - Metronidazole abirb.com/test
(and avoid triggers - alcohol, stress, cold)
MC premalignant skin condition; "sandpaper" - actinic keratosis
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(premalignant to squamous cell carcinoma)
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MC benign skin tumor; "greasy, stuck on" appearance - Seborrheic keratosis abirb.com/test
MC type of skin cancer - basal cell carcinoma abirb.com/test
small, raised, translucent/pearly/waxy papule with central ulceration and raised, rolled borders; bleeds easily; may have telangiectatic vessels - basal cell carcinoma abirb.com/test
Tx of basal cell carcinoma on the face - Mohs micrographic surgery
Tx of small, superficial basal cell carcinoma - Imiquimod and 5FU
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MC skin cancer related death - malignant melanoma abirb.com/test
Most important prognostic factor for METS in malignant melanoma - thickness abirb.com/test
Diagnosis of malignant melanoma - full-thickness wide excisional biopsy + lymph node biopsy abirb.com/test
ABCDE of malignant melanoma - A = Asymmetry B = Borders C = Color
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D = Diameter (usually > 6mm) E = Evolving abirb.com/test
Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by... - human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) abirb.com/test
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Tx of Kaposi's sarcoma - HAART therapy abirb.com/test
Tx of choice for impetigo - *Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)* *tid x 10 days* abirb.com/test
Cephalexin (Keflex) in extensive disease abirb.com/test
Tx of cellulitis - *Cephalexin (Keflex) or dicloxacillin*
(clindamycin or erythromycin if PCN allergic)
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*x 7-10 days*
Tx of scabies and lice - Permethrin topical is drug of choice
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Lindane abirb.com/test
(DO NOT use after bath/shower as it can cause seizures through open pores) (Teratogenic - do not use in children <2 or breastfeeding) abirb.com/test
Molluscum contagiosum is caused by... - poxviridae virus abirb.com/test
Urticarial plaques --> tense bullae (don't rupture easily). Negative Nikolsky sign. Primarily dz of the elderly. Type II HSN autotimmune attack. - Bullous pemphigoid
tx of bullous pemphigoid - systemic corticosteroids
Tx of melasma - Topical bleachers: Hydroquinone
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Spider bite with erythematous margin around ischemic center - "red halo" abirb.com/test
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Hemorrhagic bullae that undergoes eschar formation and necrosis - Brown recluse abirb.com/test
Medication that may be used for brown recluse spider bites - Dapsone
-chronic abscess of apocrine sweat glands or sebaceous cysts with tractabirb.com/test formation
-common in axilla*, under breasts, groin, or buttock; MC in obese women - Hidradenitis abirb.com/test suppurativa
tx of hidradenitis suppurativa - D/C smoking (major trigger), avoid high glycemic foods abirb.com/test
Antibiotics: topical Clindamycin, Tetracyclines, Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin abirb.com/test
I&D large cysts/abscesses
Surgical excision of apocrine glands may prevent recurrence if severe
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Cellulitis of the face and neck - Erysipelas abirb.com/test
Pressure ulcers abirb.com/test
Menopause = - cessation of menses > 1yr due to loss of ovarian function
Premature menopause - Menopause before age 40
Most sensitive test to detect menopause - FSH (will be increased)
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Labs in menopause - increased FSH increased LH
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decreased estrogen abirb.com/test
Tx of hot flashes in menopause - estrogen progesterone abirb.com/test
Most effective symptomatic tx in menopause - estrogen replacement abirb.com/test
-increased risk of endometrial cancer, so often used in patients without a uterus
(estrogen + progesterone may be used in patients that still have a uterus)abirb.com/test
Strains of HPV most commonly associated with cervical cancer - 16 and 18 abirb.com/test
2 types of cervical cancer - Squamous (MC) abirb.com/test
Adenocarcinoma (clear cell associated with DES exposure)
MC symptom of cervical cancer - post-coital bleeding/spotting (direct irritation of the abirb.com/test cervix)
Age to initiate pap smears
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Age to discontinue pap smears How often is a pap smear done? - 21 65
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every 3 years; co-testing pap and HPV every 5 years abirb.com/test
MC type of breast cancer - infiltrative ductal carcinoma
MC location of breast cancer - upper outer quadrant
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chronic eczematous itchy, scaling rash on the nipples & areola - Paget's disease of the abirb.com/test nipple
Mammogram suspicious for breast cancer - microcalcifications and spiculated masses abirb.com/test
Recommended initial modality to evaluate breast masses in women < 40 - ultrasound abirb.com/test
Staging of breast cancer - TNM abirb.com/test
Tumor (size) Node (axillary lymph nodes) Metastasis
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Medication that can be used in breast cancer that is estrogen positive - Tamoxifen abirb.com/test
Mammogram screening age guidelines - Mammogram every two years from age 50 - 74 abirb.com/test
every two years starting at age 40 if increased risk factors
or 10 years prior to the age a first-degree relative was diagnosed
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How often should a clinical breast exam be performed? - every 3 years in women 20 39 (annually after age 40) abirb.com/test
Medications for breast cancer prevention in women with high risk - Tamoxifen or Raloxifene can be used in postmenopausal women > 35 with high risk abirb.com/test
-Tamoxifen preferred, but increased risk of DVT and endometrial cancer abirb.com/test
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