“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
To Retire – to withdraw. Retirement homes have no connection to society. They are characterized as a place of “withdrawal” molded by economics, social interaction, and politics.. Foucault, the French philosopher distinguishes this phenomenon as a heterotopia of deviation - a place where society puts individuals who behave outside the norm, such as an insane asylum or hospital. Foucault distinguishes the heterotopia of deviation from the crisis heterotopia where separate activities occur that are “normal,” yet need their own place of crisis to resolve then the individual is reintroduced to society; such as a boarding school or motel room. Retirement homes are heterotopias of deviation because they are characterized by a period of not working or “leisure” that is unconventional to the leisure or “free-time” the rest of society experiences. The aging population needs to be valued by the rest society in order to remove itself from the heterotopia of deviation. Now is that time. The baby boomer generation has a clear track record of counter-culture and changing the values of society. The re-introduction will materialize through an investigation in collective form and a de-familiarization of the retirement typology. The retirement homes themselves have a distinct typology that is derived from hospital codes, but they don’t have reasonable collective space. The current introduction of retirement homes to a university environment is a failed attempt at re-integration however, through the architect Fumihiko Maki’s Collective Group Form, a successful form and program can develop. These discoveries will manifest in the design of a retirement community. An investigation into system -the existing typology, and shape - the form. Fumihiko Maki characterized urban society as the “existence and conflict of amazingly heterogeneous institutions and individuals.” So, when a new form is introduced to the collective, it must take into account the existing context and therefore become a part of this heterogeneous composition. The new component thus contributes to the collective and the collective is improved by its addition; a symbiotic relationship exists. This idea of the collective form translates into a programmatic element from which the University and the retirement homes or space derive benefit and value. “Collective Form represents groups of buildings and quasi-buildings - the segment of our cities. Collective form is however not a collection of unrelated, separate buildings, but of buildings that have reasons to be together.” Today, there is no apparent program or reason for retirees and the general population to be together. This must change. There are current initiatives to develop collegiate – affiliated retirement communities. However, these merely place a retirement home near a university. Meanwhile the existing homes have not changed, they are just close to a campus. This setting makes a collective linkage to the University in name only. Physically, these elderly homes remain heterotopias of deviation both through physical separation of the campus and through isolation of the community from society. This is attempting to be a symbiotic relationship but ends up a commensal relationship in which only one community benefits, the other remains unharmed.
ROBERT MOLDAFSKY PROFESSOR ANNE MUNLY THESIS PREP SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE 2015
The elderly as a collective have lived the longest and experienced the most, they are a wealth of knowledge. Universities are where knowledge is transferred and attained. It is where society places the most value on education. Why have we not created a space where the university can tap the wisdom and knowledge of the elderly? They’re not senile, just older. Current retirement homes attempt to solve the physical and social needs of residents, but lack a solution to their individual intellectual needs. Current retirement homes near universities introduce the burgeoning minds of college students and the academic culture of a university, the lectures, professors, and resources to satisfy the mind, but do not provide a bridge for the experience and knowledge of the elderly to benefit the university. One area of a possible Collective Group Form is the University medical center. The elderly require more medical attention as time goes by and Universities have some of the most advanced and highest ranked geriatrics programs. Perhaps there is a cross over where the university provides medical services and the elderly are available to be studied in research. A retirement community; A city. A city within a city; Within a University. The point of intersection will be a series of programs that promote interaction between resident and student. The following is a collection of concepts and precedents to define system and shape. These definitions will be executed through design strategies based on these concepts. Each plate is a point of reference, not to be comprehended sequentially, but rather its own entity that can be called upon throughout the design process.
Current Deign Strategies
Patient Centered Staff Centered Hybrid Model
Collective Form Fumihiko Maki
Compositional Form Mega-Structure Form Group Form
Mat Building Berlin Free University
Deconstruction Reconstruction Venice Hospital
Retirement Typology Individual
Dominican Motherhouse
Retirement Home Precedents Diagrams Drawings Images
De-Familiarization
Retirement Villages Koju Tsutsui
Fields, Objects, & Links
CARC Precedents University Amenities
Baby Boomers A generation defined
Centre for Frankfurt Venice Hospital
Paul Preissner James Stirling MOS
Adult Day Care Facility Ordos Project Element House
American Retirement Village
Louis Kahn
Cluster Common Space Collective Form
Stan Alan Fumihiko Maki
Facility Services Alumni Base Financial Arrangement
Possible Sites University Cities Demographics Rankings
Current Deign Strategies
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
PATIENT CENTERED
STAFF CENTERED
Perkins Eastman Case Study 1
A clear definition of all the criteria necessary for a retirement home. Once the necessities have been calculated they are arranged in the most “efficient” pattern. Efficiency is determined by the priority of the user. (ie patient preference or nurse preference). Lastly, the program is wrapped. There are some characteristic elements that make the wrapper unique but it remains true to the form of the program establishes. The organization is typically based on a repetitive module which is completely understandable, it’s likely the most economic option and functions with ease. This process can produce a sterile “white box” environment parallel to the retirement home’s hospital origins: a materialized heterotopia of deviation.
HYBRID MODEL
Assisted Living In Utebo Basilio Tobias 20122
1 Perkins,
L. Bradford. Building Type Basics for Senior Living. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. Print.
2“Assisted
Living for the Elderly in Utebo / Basilio Tobías” 12 Apr 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 05 Dec 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=358856>
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Collective Form Fumihiko Maki COMPOSITIONAL FORM
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
MEGA-STRUCTURE FORM
GROUP FORM
The elements that comprise a collective form are preconceived and predetermined separately, producing individually tailored buildings. Then proper visual, functional, and spatial relationship would be established on a two dimensional plane. This form is often depicted in the historical development of a city; the natural extension of the architectural approach. The act of making a composition itself has a tendency to complete a formal statement.1
Provides a method for massing grouped functions, so diverse functions may beneficially be concentrated in one place. Sometimes there is no divergence between compacted, economic function and human use. It is the System that permits the greatest efficiency. 1 A) Environmental Engineering B) Mutifunctional structures C)Infrastructure as a public investment
Forms in group-form have their own built-in link, whether expressed or latent, so they may grow in a system. The element and the growth pattern are reciprocal - both in design and operation. The element suggests a manner of growth and that, in turn demands further development of the elements in a kind of feedback process.
Rockefellar Center. Raymond Hood. 1987 2
Residential Community for 25,000. Kenzo Tange. 4
Japanese Village1
Chandigarh, India. Le Corbusier. 19663
Agricultural City. Noriaki Kurakawa1
Oia , Greece5
The human quality which determines form has to do with the way of life, movement, and relation of persons in society. If the function of urban design is the pattern of human activities as they express begin alive in cities, then the functional patterns are crystallized activity patterns. 1
CITE
When a new form is introduced to the collective, it must take into account the existing context and therefore become a part of this heterogeneous composition. The new component thus contributes to the collective and the collective is improved by its addition; a symbiotic relationship exists. This idea of the collective form translates into a programmatic element from which the University and the retirement homes or space derive benefit and value. Today, there is no apparent program or reason for retirees and the general population to be together. More specifically collective group form will be the strategy investigated. Maki discusses the loss of cultural identity through the globalization of architecture, however an identity can develop in the amalgamation of buildings. The medical restrictions will define the unit, but the design of their collective will produce a specific identity.
1Maki,
Fumihiko. Investigations in Collective Form. St. Louis: School of Architecture, Washington U, 1964. Print
2Koolhaas, 3“Polis:
February 2013.” Polis: February 2013. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. <http://www.thepolisblog.org/2013_02_01_archive.html>.
4"Kenzo 5"»
Rem. Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. New York: Monacelli, 1994. Print.
Tange Metabolism." Web log post. BRYLA. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. <http://www.bryla.pl/bryla/56,85298,13153151,Kenzo_Tange>.
Santorini, Greece." My Cooking Hut Santorini Greece Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Mat Building Architecture Review
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
BERLIN FREE UNIVERSITY
VENICE HOSPITAL
CENTRE OF FRANKURT ROMERBERG
In the Free University of Berlin, the module is a function of time: 65.63 meters is roughly the distance covered by a one-minute walk’ 1
The basic Frankfurt module is approximately half that of Berlin, and is determined by the width of the pedestrian streets: 3.66 meters which just happens to be the same as the archways around the Odéon theatre in Paris.1
Venice Hospital starts with several Unités de Lit or bed modules (based on a module of 2.96m) combine with several service rooms to form a Unité de Soins, or treatment module.1
Unites de Lit
1.40
1.35
2.75
9.57
5.92
9.57
5.92
9.57
9.57
5.92
9.57
3.66
2.26
7. 74
4.79
7. 74
4.79
7. 74
2.96
1.83 1.13
2.26
3.66 31.80
65.63 MODULE
4.87
22.33
59.00 MODULE
Unites de Soins
Unites de Batisse
Aerial View 1
“Dismantling and reframing programme and composition, mat-building envisaged architecture as a dynamic, flexible armature” The article defines Mat Architecture under 3 principles. 1) Metric – a basic module. 2) Program – the productive nature of the proposed system; use. 3) Place – the relationship between the building and the urban “place.” These principles can be applied through the difference of scale between the individual, the community, and the university. How will the module replicate into the context? How will it benefit the use or function of the building?
Site Model2
Site Model2
1“The
Strategies of Mat-building.” The Architectural Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
2“Free
University’s Philology Library / Foster + Partners.” ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
3http://37.media.tumblr.com/e6514b26f4ef0a4bcf8d3ca1d14eefb9/tumblr_mseykl87KU1sdy1h6o1_500.jpg
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
De-Familiarization
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
PAUL PREISSNER De-familiarization: “the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way, in order to enhance perception of the familiar.” The facility for adult mental patients: a conventional cell was randomly placed within a field in order to deinstitutionalize the typology. The definition of de-familiarization views itself as a means to enhance the perception of the familiar. In the case of the Adult Day Care Facility the familiar is something to be avoided, because the existing day care facility typology is “depressing.”1
MOS - ORDOS PROJECT
JAMES STIRLING
“We based our proposal upon a traditional Chinese courtyard house typology. Each room and function is housed within an individual building volume, which are connected at the corners to remove the need for hallways and excessive circulation space.”3
Science Center. The first project that comes to mind when I think of a de-familiarization of form is James Stirling’s Berlin Social Science Center. He takes all the individual forms of a city (church, arcade, market, amphitheater, etc.) and combines them to make one form of the individual components. However, the inserted program is simply offices. No correlation to form. Lastly, the form is treated with the same facade on all buildings.2
Preisnner introduced the de-familiarization of an institution in order to enhance the experience and disguise the typical medical typology. The disguise not only changed how the building looked but, in turn, how it functions. In the Ordos project the circulation is removed; taking a typology, reimagining how it functions. The retirement community can be de-familiarized in form, but how will it function? Is the goal to allow it to function the same in a different form? I disagree, there is an opportunity here.
MOS - ELEMENT HOUSE “The design utilizes the archetypal shape of a house—a rectangle topped by a triangle and a chimney. The form is extruded, modulated and compartmentalized through an outgrowth driven by the Fibonacci sequence, “a describer of developmental patterns in living organisms.” By applying this mathematical algorithm, MOS explores the potential of re-combinatory forms in buildings. In this case, they’ve created a new type of domestic space: an open plan, permeated with variation by the nature of its growth.”4
1
“Paul Preissner.” Paul Preissner. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
2
“Architect James Stirling Winner of Pritzker Price | Projects in Berlin.” Architect James Stirling Winner of Pritzker Price | Projects in Berlin. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
3
Saieh, Nico. “ORDOS 100 #7: MOS Architects” 05 Jan 2009. ArchDaily. Accessed 04 Dec 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=11162>
4
“Concept.” Element House. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Deconstruction Reconstruction Precendents ADULT DAY CARE FACILITY2
ORDOS PROJECT3
ELEMENT HOUSE4
GROUP FORM
RECONSTRUCTION
DECONSTRUCTION
MODULE
VENICE HOSPITAL1
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
The collective form can develop it’s own identity that remains seperate from the form of each individual building. The way one activity changes to another as people move from work, to shopping, to dining, suggests the physical qualities which are used to express transformation in “design rhythm, change, and contrast.” Characteristic Spaces may be names in accord with the way in which human groups use them. (i.e. Transitional Space – Inward Space – Outward Space).Le Corbusier viewed this as a shift in user at the Venice hospital. From administration to doctor to patient. Each program has a separate level that fits within the block defined by the beds. The individual is the focus but how those collect is representative of the existing venetian grid.
1
“The Strategies of Mat-building.” The Architectural Review. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
2
“Paul Preissner.” Paul Preissner. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
3
Saieh, Nico. “ORDOS 100 #7: MOS Architects” 05 Jan 2009. ArchDaily. Accessed 04 Dec 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=11162>
4
“Concept.” Element House. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Deconstruction Reconstruction RETIREMENT HOME MEIER & ASSOC2
SOLUND RETIREMENT COMMUNITY3
NURSING HOME SIMMERING4
GROUP FORM
RECONSTRUCTION
DECONSTRUCTION
MODULE
ASSISTED LIVING IN UTEBO1
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
In the case of the retirement home the users are as follows: Resident, Medical, Shared Space, Circulation. This is what is taken from Maki’s discovery of group form. The distinction of the user that forms a collective and how they use those spaces. It’s distinctive and regional. System and shape: The shape is determined by the system and how that system works.So it’s another shrink-wrap, determined by the individual components. How these pieces interact that define a collective, between individual – corridor - shared.
1
“Assisted Living for the Elderly in Utebo / Basilio Tobías” 12 Apr 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 05 Dec 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=358856>
2
"Retirement Home / Meier + Associés Architectes." ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
3
"Sølund Retirement Community Second Prize Winning Proposal / Henning Larsen Architects." ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014
4
"Residential and Nursing Home Simmering / Josef Weichenberger Architects + Partner." ArchDaily. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Retirement Villages 1 of 2
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
KOJI TUTSUI1
H
+
To foster a sense of community and encourage growth, Tsutsui’s plan consists of fractal clusters of individual homes. The amalgamation of individual homes produces a form strictly defined by the module.
Regionalism becomes lost in the process of globalization. Until recently regionalism culminated at a single building. But in the age of mass communication and technological facility, regional differences throughout the world are becoming less well-defined. It is apparent that it is becoming less easy to find distinctive expressions in building techniques and resulting forms. In large urban complex can reflect distinguishing characteristics of the people and the place in which they are structured and used according to their value hierarchy.. Thus it may be possible to find regionalism more in collective scale, but less in single buildings.
1
“KOJI TSUTSUI ARCHITECT & ASSOCIATES.” KOJI TSUTSUI ARCHITECT & ASSOCIATES. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
2
“Menu.” Kendal at Ithaca. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Retirement Villages 2 of 2 KENDAL AT ITHACA2
Figure ground provides a medium to explore the implications of collective form. The space the form defines can then be extracted. The figure is what is being depicted, but the reversal speculates what is being designed. Figure ground is crucial to Tsutsui’s project because the “ground” is just as important as the “figure.” The articulation is well executed in the framing of the views from the village’s courtyards. Furthermore, the collective form holds the villages identity, not the individual unit. In the case of retirement communities the “identity” is home, yet the function of hospital doesn’t change. It is merely disguised. The exisitng communities strive to disguise the retire home in a “home” vernacular. Function is driving the form that is then “wrapped” in a home aesthetic. Figure ground allows a base form to be manipulated to create a new form, that could potentially challenge how the community functions.
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
OAK HAMMOCK AT UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA1
THE VILLAGE AT PENN STATE2
Oak Hammock at the University of Florida | Gainesville FL Retirement Community for Assisted and Independent Living.” Oak Hammock at the University of Florida | Gainesville FL Retirement Community for Assisted and Independent Living. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014. 1
2
“Penn State College PA Retirement Community: Active Senior Living CCRC.” Penn State College PA Retirement Community: Active Senior Living CCRC. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
3
“Lasell Village.” Lasell Village. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Collegiate Affiliated Retirement Communities 1 of 2 THE FOREST AT DUKE UNIVERSITY Duke University. Durham NC1
Current number of residents: 370 Average age of resident: 84 Average age of entry: 77 Proximity to campus: Two miles but the retirement community operates a bus that runs frequently. UNIVERSITY AMENITIES Osher Lifelong Learning Institute to provide adult continuing education courses held on the Duke campus as well as at the retirement center. Duke does not allow residents or local retirees to audit classes for free. FACILITY SERVICES Full continuum of care: Independent living, assisted living, skilled nursing. Supplementary care includes dental and pharmacy services, a variety of rehab therapies and memory support. ALUMNI BASE 30% of Residents are associated with the University. FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT The Forest at Duke pays a license fee to use the university’s trademarked name. Duke does not own, operate or manage any part of the retirement community. However, the retirement community contracts with the university to provide a medical director and the oversight with their health center.
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
KENDAL AT HANOVER
HOLY CROSS VILLAGE AT HOLY CROSS
Dartmouth College, Hanover NH2
VI AT PALO ALTO
Notre Dame IN3
Stanford University. Palo Alto CA4
Current number of residents: 400 Average age of resident: 85 Average age of entry: 79 Proximity to campus: 1.7 miles. Shuttle Bus Transportaton.
Current number of residents: 246 Average age of resident: 82 Average age of entry: 83 Proximity to campus: 1,000 feet
Current number of residents: 631 Average age of resident: 84 Average age of entry: 70-75 years Proximity to campus: 1 mile. University shuttle (two stops)
UNIVERSITY AMENITIES Dartmouth College’s Institute for Lifelong Education at Dartmouth (ILEAD). More than half of Kendal at Hanover residents are members of ILEAD. Classes are offered in three “semesters.” 100 additional groups and committees.
UNIVERSITY AMENITIES Access to the library, fitness center and athletic events. Residents can audit courses and participate in quarterly lecture series. Holy Cross College hosts an art festival, displaying student artwork at the retirement community and student artists visit to discuss their work. Retirees also regularly welcome international students for dinner several times a year. Residents who are former college professors also sit on jury panels and grade student presentations.
UNIVERSITY AMENITIES Weekly lectures: professors, researchers and physicians come to discuss topics nominated by the residents. A few courses, which last several weeks, are taught by Stanford University professors. Residents can pay to attend sporting events and performances on campus. Residents who want to audit classes or participate in continuing education programs must pay tuition.
FACILITY SERVICES Full Continuum Care: independent apartments, assisted living and memory support for those with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia and skilled nursing. Facilities include on-site clinic, physical therapy, occupational therapy, social service, and dietary counseling.
FACILITY SERVICES Independent living options: free-standing “villas,” duplexes and apartment units. Assisted living and skilled nursing options are available. Some residents have private health care assistance.
ALUMNI BASE 25% of Residents are associated with the University.
ALUMNI BASE 30% of Residents are associated with the University.
FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT No association with Dartmouth. The retirement community contracts with the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center to host an on-site clinic exclusively serving residents. Dartmouth medical school students from the Geisel School of Medicine can do a rotation at that clinic as part of their education.
These Collegiate Affiliated Retirement Communities are some of the most popular, yet still don’t fully execute the vision of a CARC. Lasell Village has the most integrated program with required hours and access to full university amenities, but None of the precedents benefit the university. They are merely taking advantage of the university. This produces a commensal-relationship: when one benefits while the other remains unharmed. The initiative should strive towards a symbiotic relationship that brings the student to the retirement home. How can the university benefit? Other than financial gains.
FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT The retirement community is owned and sponsored by Brothers of Holy Cross. While Holy Cross Village is a separate not-for-profit organization, the same religious order manages the university and the retirement community.
FACILITY SERVICES CCRC, residents have access to short- and long-term care, assisted living, memory support and skilled nursing care. Its care center is staffed 24 hours a day, seven days a week. ALUMNI BASE 25% of residents are associated with the University. FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT Little affiliation with Stanford University. The retirement community is located on land that has been leased for 75 years from Stanford, but it is independently operated. The retirement community pays professors to come and teach classes to residents.
1
”Latest News.” Continuing Care Retirement Community in Durham. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
2
“Menu.” Kendal at Hanover. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
3
“Bing.” Holy Cross Village at Holy Cross -. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
4
“Vi at Palo Alto.” Independent & Assisted Senior Living near San Francisco, California. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Collegiate Affiliated Retirement Communities 2 of 2 LASELL VILLAGE
Lasell College. Newton MA1
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
KENDAL AT OBERLIN
OAK HAMMOCK AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
Oberlin College. Oberlin OH2
University of Florida. Gainesville FL3
Current number of residents: 210 Average age of resident: 82 Average age of entry: 85 Proximity to campus: “across the street”
Current number of residents: 325 Average age of resident: 83 Average age of entry: 73 Proximity to campus: “Three blocks”
Current number of residents: 385 in independent living units Average age of resident: 82 Average age of entry: 76 – 78 years old Proximity to campus: 3-5 miles. Shuttle provided.
UNIVERSITY AMENITIES Mandatory that all residents complete a minimum of 450 hours of learning and fitness activity every year. Residents have an academic dean who helps oversee all their educational programs, on campus and at the retirement community. In addition to college courses, there are a number of classes hosted at the retirement community. There are also formal programs for residents to mentor students, participate in joint volunteer activities or even complete independent research.
UNIVERSITY AMENITIES Academy for Lifelong Learning: residents can take not-for-credit courses taught by faculty. Residents can audit for free. Students work at the retirement community for federal work-study in order to learn about aging.
UNIVERSITY AMENITIES Institute for Learning in Retirement, offering classes for people over the age of 55. With over 550 students, half of whom come from Oak Hammock Institute members can take classes at Oak Hammock. By state law, seniors, age 60 or older who are residents of Florida, can audit classes at public universities for free. Students intern at Oak Hammock, and many work with residents in the retirement community’s fitness center as personal trainers and fitness class instructors. Music professors assist with the retirement center’s choir and chamber music ensemble.
FACILITY SERVICES Full continuum care. Every building has a classroom, studio, library or fitness facility. Residents can get health services at the on-site wellness center. Supplementary facilities include rehab, stroke recovery, wound care, pain management, short-term respite care, assisted living, skilled nursing and end-of-life care. ALUMNI BASE N/A but “very few” FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT The retirement community is actually zoned as an educational institution. The college currently manages the operation of Lasell Village. The retirement community pays the college to lease the land. The two share contracts for security.
Access to college library, athletic facilities and attend some of the 1,200 events held on the campus. Some residents teach, conduct research or offer consulting services to the college. Some serve as mentors to Oberlin freshmen, part of a course called Ars Moriendi.
FACILITY SERVICES Full Continuum Care. For those residents who come to need additional services, skilled nursing, assisted living and memory care living options are also available. Supplementary facilities include primary care clinic, dental services, and rehabilitation services. Residents are part of a free advantage program for inpatient and out-patient health care.
FACILITY SERVICES Residents have access to assisted living, skilled nursing and short-term rehabilitation services. Exercise and recreational facilities, craft areas, garden plots and a fitness center with a swimming pool and tennis courts. ALUMNI BASE 37% of residents are associated with the University.
ALUMNI BASE 30% of residents are associated with the University.
FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT Though the college assisted the retirement community to acquire property, the land is owned by Kendal at Oberlin. There is no fee arrangement or contract to use the name of the college or operate any part of Kendal at Oberlin.
KENDAL AT ITHACA
Ithaca College/Cornell University. Ithaca, NY4
Current number of residents: 298 Average age of resident: 86 Average age of entry: 77-83 Proximity to campus: 8.5 miles to Ithaca College and 2.4 miles to Cornell University. UNIVERSITY AMENITIES Residents can’t audit classes free of charge. There is no yearround curriculum designed specifically for residents, but there are summer programs. Faculty often come to the retirement community to give lectures. Students visit to perform concerts and give presentations on various class projects. Residents participate in research conducted by Cornell University and Ithaca College. FACILITY SERVICES Full Continuum Care. Physical and occupational therapy available in the health center. ALUMNI BASE 17% with the two universities. They continue to teach, supervise graduate students and do research. FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENT No financial ties to Ithaca College or Cornell University. Kendal at Ithaca owns the land and independently operates the community. It does not contract any of its services with the universities.
1
”Lasell Village.” Lasell Village. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
2
“Lifestyle.” Kendal at Oberlin. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
3
“Oak Hammock at the University of Florida | Gainesville FL Retirement Community for Assisted and Independent Living.” Oak Hammock at the University of Florida | Gainesville FL Retirement Community for Assisted and Independent Living. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
4
5
“Menu.” Kendal at Ithaca. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Fields, Objects, & Links
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
STAN ALAN
MAKI LINKAGES2
“A field condition would be any formal or spatial matrix capable of unifying diverse elements while respecting the identity of each. An aggregation of parts.” So in this case it’s not a random assemblage but the field’s role to unite these pieces to appear less random, more part of community. The classical way of designing based on axes, symmetry, and geometry demand a hierarchy of order, based on the constructive placement of each entity, producing a static form.
MEDIATE Connect with intermediate celements or imply medium (including composed open space)
Allen concludes with: “The search for new institutional forms is all more urgent given that, under pressure of technological or societal shifts, institutions are already changing from within. As the social, political and technical roles of those institutions are called into question, the corresponding typologies lose their special capacity to order and represent the space of these institutions...Perhaps a more radical shift is required…In the field condition, overall form emerges out of conditions established locally...A loose fit is proposed between activity and enclosing envelope...More than a formal configuration, the field condition implies an architecture that admits change, accident and improvisation. It is an architecture not invested in durability, stability and certainty, but architecture that leaves space for the uncertainty of the real.”
DEFINE Enclose disparate structures with a sensible barrier and seperate from what is outside.
Allen alludes to the development of form over time, which won’t be pertinent to my thesis, as a new form is being designed, perhaps within the context of a collection of forms. But what stood out was the idea that institutions are changing from within. Institutions are changing from within because their functions are changing. Not the program, but how that system works. “In the case of the library or museum, for example, what was once a place of certainty, an orderly deposit of knowledge, arranged in familiar and agreed upon categories, has been eroded by the onrush of media, consumer culture and telecommunications. Architecture’s capacity to represent and shelter that collective memory has in turn withered. To design a library or a museum today is to contend with an entirely new set of expectations. Above all, it means to recognize an ever increasing uncertainty about what constitutes knowledge, who has access to it and how it is distributed.”
REPEAT Give each element a feature common to all in the group so each is identified as part of the same order.
So as these typologies begin to de-construct, a field condition is necessary to unite these varying parts. Stan Allen attempts to familiarize the unfamiliar. Perhaps in the case of a retirement home, a field condition could emerge among the introduction of new programs that command distinct forms.1
SEQUENTIAL PATH Make a sequential Path: Places activities that are done sequence in identifiable spatial relation to one another
Stan Alan provides a method of unifying forms without the presence of hierarchy. This could become very critical, if the developed form isn’t constructed with geometries, bather functions. I understand in theory a function will have geometry (i.e. path) but the result may not be a static, but rather dynamic. Perhaps the field is what is being designed. Could these modules construct a “field”? Furthermore, in Maki’s case, how these forms are collected may be a matter of linkages, not solid form. How can these modules be spatially linked?
1
Maki, Fumihiko, and Jerry Goldberg. Linkage in Collective Form. St. Louis: Washington U, 1962. Print.
2
Alan, Stan. “From Object to Field.” (1985): n. pag. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Retirement Home Precedents 1 of 5 ARMSTRONG PLACE SENIOR HOUSING
30 SENIOR HOUSING
Bastiaan Jongerius Architecton 2008
30 SENIOR HOUSING
Bastiaan Jongerius Architecton 2008
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
ASSISTED LIVING IN UTEBO
David Baker & Partners 20112
1
Basilio Tobias 20123
ARMSTRONG PLACE SENIOR HOUSING
ASSISTED LIVING FOR THE ELDERLY IN UTEBO
David Baker & Partners 2011
The following precedents are from early research. They were used to define a retirement typology. They are taken from across the globe in an attempt to reveal a global typology. This goal wasn’t necessarily reached but what developed was an interest in how the cells amalgamate and define themselves.
Basilio Tobias 2012
CAMELIA HOTEL SENIOR & HOMES NAAA Associated Architects 20094
CAMELIA HOTEL SENIOR & HOMES NAAA Associated Architects 2009
1
“30 Senior Housing / Bastiaan Jongerius Architecten” 05 Aug 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. <http://www.archdaily.com/?p=410233>
2
“Armstrong Place Senior Housing / David Baker & Partners” 26 Jul 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=153359
3
“Assisted Living for the Elderly in Utebo / Basilio Tobías” 12 Apr 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 05 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=358856
4
“Camélia Hotel Sénior & Homes / NAAA – Associated Architects” 28 Dec 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=99154
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Retirement Home Precedents 2 of 5 CASA GRANDE SENIOR APARTMENTS Archuma 20081
CASA GRANDE SENIOR APARTMENTS Archuma 2008
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
CONCORET HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY
MORANGIS RETIREMENT HOME
EDGEWOOD RETIREMENT COMMUNITY
Nomade Architects 20132
Vous Ets Ici 20134
Margulies Peruzzi Architects 20103
EDGEWOOD RETIREMENT COMMUNITY
CONCORET HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY
Margulies Peruzzi Architects 2010
Nomade Architects 2013
MORANGIS RETIREMENT HOME Vous Ets Ici 2013
1
“Casa Grande Senior Apartments / Archumana” 26 Dec 2009. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=44508
2
“Concoret Housing for the Elderly / Nomade Architects” 03 Dec 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 05 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=453882
3
http://www.mp-architects.com/portfolio_gallery.php?category=healthcare&project=edgewood-retirement-community
4
“Morangis Retirement Home / VOUS ETES ICI Architectes” 26 Apr 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=365331
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Retirement Home Precedents 3 of 5 SWINGING APARTMENTS FOR ELDERLY Arons en Gelauff Architecten 20061
PLUSSENBURGH SWINGING APARTMENTS FOR ELDERLY Arons en Gelauff Architecten 2006
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
NURSING HOME SIMMERING
RETIREMENT HOME HOUSING RETAIL ZCBB3 20113
Josef Weichenberger Architects & partners 20102
RETIREMENT HOME HOUSING RETAIL
RESIDENTIAL AND NURSING HOME SIMMERING
ZCBB3 2011
Josef Weichenberger Architects & partners 2010
VAUGRIGNEUSE CHATEAU Thomas Vajda Architectes 20124
VAUGRIGNEUSE CHATEAU de la FONTAINE aux COSSONS Thomas Vajda Architectes 2012
1
“de Plussenburgh / Arons en Gelauff Architecten” 28 Jul 2008. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=3959
2
“Residential and Nursing Home Simmering / Josef Weichenberger Architects + Partner” 03 Sep 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=268705
3
“ZCBB3 - Retirement Home, Housing, Retail.” Architizer. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014. <http://architizer.com/projects/zcbb3-retirement-home-housing-retail/>.
4
“ThomasVajda | Architectes Paris.” ThomasVajda | Architectes Paris. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014. <http://www.thomasvajda.com/category/publications>.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Retirement Home Precedents 4 of 5 RETIREMENT HOME LA BORDETA BmesR29 Arquitectes 20101
RETIREMENT HOME LA BORDETA BmesR29 Arquitectes 2010
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
RETIREMENT HOME MAISONS-LAFITTE
RETIREMENT HOME
Thomas Vajda Architectes 20112
Meir & Associates 20083
RETIREMENT HOME
RETIREMENT HOME MAISONS-LAFITTE
Meir & Associates 2008
Thomas Vajda Architectes 2011
SENIOR HOUSING DE DIJKEN HVE Architecten 20104
SENIOR HOUSING DE DIJKEN HVE Architecten 2010
1
“Retirement Home La Bordeta / BmesR29 Arquitectes” 10 Apr 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=125100
2
“ThomasVajda | Architectes Paris.” ThomasVajda | Architectes Paris. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2014. http://architizer.com/projects/retirement-home-maisons-laffitte/
3
“Retirement Home / meier + associés architectes” 05 Aug 2011. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=156293
4
“Senior Housing De Dijken 10 / HVE architecten” 23 Apr 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=228330
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Retirement Home Precedents 5 of 5
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
MORNINGTON CENTRE AT LYONS 20071
MORNINGTON CENTRE AT LYONS 2007
NURSING HOME
SOLUND RETIREMENT COMMUNITY
Gartner & Neururer 20082
SONNENHOF WIL
Henning Larson Architects3
SOLUND RETIREMENT COMMUNITY
NURSING HOME
Henning Larson Architects
Gartner & Neurur 2008
Michael Meier Marius Hug Architekten 20114
SONNENHOF WIL
Michael Meier Marius Hug Architekten 2011
1
“Mornington Centre / Lyons” 05 Dec 2010. ArchDaily. Accessed 05 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=93191
2
“Nursing Home / Gärtner+Neururer” 12 Oct 2013. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=436946
Furuto, Alison. “Sølund Retirement Community Second Prize Winning Proposal / Henning Larsen Architects” 17 Nov 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily. com/?p=293923 3
4
“Sonnenhof Wil / Michael Meier Marius Hug Architekten” 11 Feb 2014. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Dec 2014. http://www.archdaily.com/?p=475129
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Dominican Motherhouse INDIVIDUAL
The Domincian Motherhouse is the deconstruction and reconstruction of monastic form without sacrificing function. The function of the individual doesn’t change, but the formation of common space, reimagines how the individual uses the facility. The organization of cells define a new space that provides a field for the other program. In turn, more spaces are created between the cchambers and the other buildings. The field is just as imprtant as the figure.
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
CLUSTER
COMMON SPACE
1
COLLECTIVE FORM
Merrill, Michael, and Michael Merrill. Louis Kahn. the Dominican Motherhouse and a Modern Culture of Space. Baden: Lars Müller, 2010. Print.
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Retirement Typology
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
INDIVIDUAL
CLUSTER
COMMON SPACE
COLLECTIVE FORM
The private space of the resident is characterized by the unit. This predetermined component is determined by the level of care provided by the facility. These range anywhere from shared rooms with hospital beds to two bedroom apartments (depending on the independence of the individual). Realistically, the level of indepence decreases over the course of the residents life. There is a certain level of transformability required by these units. The current formula is the most cost effective startegy.
The units are then composed in a certain organization. The stratefgies below are extracted from a series of “retirement” homes that alll fit within the following compostions. Thses forms were developed from the inside out, from the individual unit to the center. These are charactgeristic of typical housing typologies given the factors of circulation, entrance, light, and building system efficiences.
Where the individual exits their cell into a social environment. Here space is shared and most daily activities take place. These appear at a variety of scales that produce certain levels of “comfort” for the user. these range from recreational facilities (a pool) to shared kitchens and living rooms. However, the form of these spaces tend to follow the compostion of the units, or a distortaion of the compostion.
The campus is a collection of compostions. Here a micro-urban construct begins to develop with seperate structures in a formal organization. This over-arching element is characterized by replication. Repeating unit compostions in order to produce an efficient structure.
BAR -
Derived from the corridor and the efficiency of access and eggress for the individual.
DISTORTION
Full Apartment (independent living)
FORM THROUGH REPETITION
INTERMINGLE
ONE BEDROOM UNIT (assisted living) COURTYARD - Essentially a series of bars surrounding an open space
SINGLE UNIT (nursing home)
CENTRAL-
Organized around a central core. Depicted in high-rise developments.
INDEPENDENT
This is the problem. Here, the intentions of the space shift. However, the form remains the same. In the case of the collective, preference is given to the unit composition, therefore, the common spaces are residual. In some cases the form is replicated in order to imply cohesion between spaces. The campus is ignored as a collection of elements, simply a replication of elements. The design of these elements are critical to the success of the project. However, the factors have pushed the design to it’s most efficient form and given the quantitative values they are difficult to convince otherwise. However, there is a lot of flexibility within the details of these forms. Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
Baby Boomers
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
The 78 million Americans born between1946
and 1964 will be 65 and older by 2030. They are expected to live 15-20 years longer than their predecessors. 77 on average for men and 82 for women. The economy has thrived on their consumerism and the lives they have provided for their children. However their increasing longevity and questionable financial means, places the baby boomers at a critical point. How will they age? How will they interact? How will they dwell? The Baby Boomers will not live the same way as the Silent Generation that preceded them. The “Silent Generation.” The children born between 1925 and 1945 worked very hard and kept quiet. It was commonly understood that ‘children should be seen and not heard’. They are without doubt the healthiest and most educated generation of elders that ever lived and, the wealthiest. Coming of age fifty years ago, they quickly amassed more wealth than the seniors of that era. (Back in the early 1960s, the elderly were poorer than young adults by most measures.) Given their material good fortune, along with their instinct to help others in need, the Silent as elders have become economic anchors for America’s new renaissance in multigenerational family living. Many routinely pay for extended family vacations or subsidize their grown Boomer or Xer kids. Many have set up college trust funds for their grandkids and indeed, a record share have assumed formal custody of them. Most are worried about the economic challenges facing their families and wonder why success has become so much harder for them.
$200k $150k $100k $50k $0
So if they’re not retiring, what are they doing? Maggie Jackson discusses the potential of this new life phase she calls “Adulthood II.” One of the really important services to offer to seniors is to make them aware of the potential
24% :
re•tire - (verb) to withdraw Many boomers will enter retirement with less savings and more debt than previous generations. A growing number of seniors are carrying mortgage debt into retirement,
of these years, and not just scare them about how they ought to save more money because they’re going to live longer. We need to help people to get excited, to daydream, and pick up on something they did years before that they loved.”
“Retire? I don’t know what that would look like,” said Marcia Cantarella, a 67-year-old consultant in higher education in New York. “I don’t play golf.” The average Social Security check for a retired worker is a mere $1,293.83 a month.
r olde d an 65
10% :
er old d an
35-34
45-44
55-54
65+
UNITED STATES POPULATION- 2012 Male
100 + 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4
e
WHEN WILL YOU RETIRE?
er old
with more than 70% of young boomers ages 50 to 64, and 40% of those age 65 and older still owing money on their home in 2010. They will need to move out of their current homes (Their most valuable asset) in order to finance retirement. So…where will they live? Where do they want to live? Most of them will continue to work past retirement age as described in Abby Ellinjan’s New York Times article “For Some, Retirement Is Out of Reach. For Others, Boring.”
25-24
39 % :6 6 an
are redefining retirement—or getting ready to redefine it. The “G.I.s” (Born 1901-1924) started a trend toward earlier retirement with more money than they expected in an era of expanding benefits. Boomers are retiring later with less money than they expected in an era of retracting benefits. The G.I.s wanted to be away from their kids and near their peers— which led to the construction of vast age restricted desert communities like Sun City and Leisure World. As developers prep their activeadult communities for the coming late wave, they can expect less affluence, somewhat greater ethnic diversity, a weaker middle class, and, perhaps eventually, an abandonment of the very word retirement.” The baby boomers “change the system” as opposed to the silent generation that “work the system.”
<25
r
27 % :6 9
As they grew older, some baby boomers began to resist this consumerist suburban ethos. They began to fight instead for social, economic and political equality and justice for many disadvantaged groups: African-Americans, young people, women, gays and lesbians, American Indians and Hispanics, for example. Student activists took over college campuses, organized massive demonstrations against the war in Vietnam and occupied parks and other public places. Other baby boomers “dropped out” of political life altogether. These “hippies” grew their hair long, experimented with drugs, and–thanks to the newly-accessible birthcontrol pill–practiced “free love.” Some even moved to communes, as far away from Levittown as they could get. Today, Boomers
$250k
d
In 2010, for the first time, the median net worth of households age 75+ ($228,400) is higher than that of any younger age bracket. Astoundingly, it’s over five times higher than the median net worth of households age 35 to 44 ($44,600).
AVERAGE NET WORTH 2014
12
9
6
3
0
Female
0
3
6
9
1
Curwin, Thomas. “Clash of Vsions.” Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 12 Sept. 2014. Web. 15 Sept. 2014.
6
Jackson, Maggie. “Adulthood II: Longer Life Expectancies Change Meaning of Work, Retirement, Fulfillment.” Boston.com. The New York Times, 14 Aug. 2011. Web. 16 Sept. 2014.
2
Ellin, Abby. “For Some, Retirement Is Out of Reach. For Others, Boring.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 31 Jan. 2014. Web. 16 Sept. 2014.
7
Kahn, Virginia Munger. “How to Make Money From Those Aging Baby Boomers.” The New York Times. The New York Times, 15 June 1996. Web. 16 Sept. 2014.
3
History.com Staff. “Baby Boomers.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2010. Web. 16 Sept. 2014.
8
Koolhaas, Rem. “All the Rockefeller Centers.” Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. New York: Monacelli, 1994. 150-76. Print.
4
Howe, Neil. “The Boom Generation, “What a Long Strange Trip” (Part 4 of 7).” Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 20 Aug. 2014. Web. 16 Sept. 2014.
9
Norberg-Schulz, Christian. The Concept of Dwelling: On the Way to Figurative Architecture. Milan: Electa, 1985. Print.
5
Howe, Neil. “The Silent Generation, “The Lucky Few” (Part 3 of 7).” Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 13 Aug. 2014. Web. 16 Sept. 2014.
10
12
Travers, David. “Case Study House Program.” Arts & Architecture. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015
University Demographics and Rankings Possible Sites
“There’s No Way I’m Moving Into A Nursing Home. You’re Going To Have To Shoot Me First.”
SIZE ACRES
AVERAGE AGE
INCOME PER CAPITA
142,519
29
$20,023
$136,900
22.8%
318.8
ID
212,303
36
$27,681
$167,000
39.2%
195
Grand Rapids
MI
190,411
31
$19,689
$103,600
28.8%
379.4
85
Cleveland
OH
190,411
36
$16,236
$71,000
15.2%
787.2
121
586
Fort Collins
CO
152,061
29
$28,828
$248,800
22.8%
318.8
$8,197,880,000
4
36
New York
NY
1,630,000
36
$60,290
$742,700
57.0%
rural
$5,272,227,370
15
745
Ithaca
NY
30,331
22
$28,878
$190,173
64.5%
217
private
rural
$3,733,596,412
11
200
Hanover
8,636
22
$29,096
$466,748
83.0%
137.9
50%
private
suburban
$6,040,973,000
8
8,709
Durham
NC
23,958
32
$28,686
$174,500
47.6%
441.2
17,849
55%
private
urban
$6,040,973,000
21
104
Georgetown
DC
632,323
34
$45,307
$460,700
53.0%
526.6
Gonzaga University
7,605
54%
private
city
$161,586,000
3
131
Spokane
WA
209,525
35
$23,533
$152,500
26.2%
628.1
Harvard University*
19,882
54%
private
urban
$32,686,489,000
2
5,076
Cambridge
MA
106,471
31
$49,966
$546,800
73.8%
226.3
Indiana University
46,817
51%
public
city
$835,123,313
76
65
Bloomington
IN
81,963
23
$27,643
$173,100
54.6%
244
6,723
56%
private
city
$243,341,349
9
670
Ithaca
NY
30,331
22
$28,878
$190,173
64.5%
217
21,052
52%
private
$2,918,546,000
12
140
Baltimore
MD
621,342
34
$23,457
$150,100
26.9%
691.7
Lassel College*
2,081
64%
private
$32,239,497
27
53
86,307
40
$62,800
$689,900
76.4%
73.8
Liberty University
77,329
59%
private
$101,837,308
80
7,000
232
550
47%
private
New York University
44,599
60%
private
Notre Dame University*
12,124
47%
private
2,911
54%
46,615
Princeton University
TOTAL STUDENTS
PERCENT FEMALE
PUBLIC PRIVATE
SETTING
9,550
60%
public
city
$22,404,442
62
169
Clarksville
TN
21,981
54%
public
city
$83,004,400
63
180
Boise
4,034
55%
private
suburban
$114,190,839
116
390
Cleveland State University
17,741
54%
public
urban
Colorado State University
31,256
51%
public
city
Columbia University
23,606
48%
private
urban
Cornell University*
21,593
51%
private
6,342
49%
Duke University*
15,465
Georgetown University*
UNIVERSITY1 Austin Peay State University Boise State University Calvin College
Dartmouth*
Ithaca College* Johns Hopkins University
suburban
ENDOWMENT
$259,082,704
RANK
CITY1
STATE
Newton
POPULATION
MEDIAN HOME VALUE
UNDERGRAD DEGREE
CRIME RATE
Lynchburg
VA
77,113
30
$20,406
$143,200
32.2%
61
New York
NY
1,630,000
36
$60,290
$742,700
57.0%
$2,980,027,000
32
New York
NY
1,630,000
36
$60,290
$742,700
57.0%
city
$659,051,000
16
1,250
Notre Dame
ID
5,973
20
$23,060
$116,500
73.5%
private
city
$765,803,704
23
440
Oberlin
OH
8,300
23
$20,425
$134,599
41.1%
205.6
46%
public
city
48
8,556
State College
PA
41,983
22
$14,747
$267,700
64.2%
78.6
8,014
49%
private
suburban
$18,786,132,000
1
600
Princeton
NJ
12,339
23
$38,827
$591,516
72.2%
106.3
Stanford University*
18,136
47%
private
suburban
$18,688,868,000
4
8,180
Paolo Alto
CA
66,393
41
$73,970
$1,000,001
77.5%
116.8
SUNY Buffalo
11,091
57%
public
Texas State University
35,546
56%
public
University of Arizona*
40,621
52%
University of California Los Angeles
42,190
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Oberlin College* Pennsylvania State University*
urban
$28,580,979
106
125
Buffalo
NY
259,384
33
$19,973
$65,500
25.8%
642.1
suburban
$139,485,773
50
455
San Marcos
TX
50,001
23
$14,984
$124,542
30.6%
248.5
public
city
$611,746,000
121
392
Tuscon
AZ
524,295
33
$19,796
$123,400
24.8%
591.8
55%
public
urban
$2,797,927,000
23
419
Los Angeles
CA
3,857,799
34
$26,391
$421,700
31.5%
274.6
632
54%
public
urban
San Francsico
CA
825,863
36
$47,274
$727,600
53.6%
411.8
University of California Santa Cruz
17,203
53%
public
suburban
$198,761,000
85
2,000
Santa Cruz
CA
62,041
30
$31,306
$630,702
50.8%
456.8
University of Colorado at Colorado Springs
11,018
53%
public
n/a
$33,421,409
51
510
Colorado Springs
CO
431,834
35
$28,035
$210,400
35.7%
378.1
University of Florida*
49,878
55%
public
suburban
$1,360,073,000
48
2,000
Gainesville
FL
148,612
29
$28,828
$169,287
53.0%
201.7
University of Georgia
34,536
57%
public
city
$71,829,738
62
759
Athens
GA
119,980
24
$17,474
$160,173
University of Kansas
26,968
50%
public
city
$1,310,654,514
106
1,000
Lawrence
KS
89,512
26
$26,067
$173,400
52.3%
317.9
University of Kentucky
28,435
51%
public
city
$1,054,448,113
129
800
Lexington
KY
305,489
34
$28,502
$167,700
41.5%
University of Michigan*
43,710
49%
public
city
$8,272,366,000
29
3,245
Ann Arbor
MI
116,212
28
$32,406
$226,500
67.6%
172.8
University of Mississippi (Ole Miss)
19,431
55%
public
rural
$520,216,354
149
3,391
Oxford
MS
20,865
25
$32,936
$221,114
54.0%
195.2
University of New Mexico*
27,337
56%
public
urban
$374,430,327
189
769
Albuquerque
NM
555,417
35
$25,786
$181,400
33.7%
492.2
University of North Carolina
29,127
58%
public
suburban
$2,344,279,691
30
729
Chapel Hill
NC
58,424
26
$35,019
$215,000
73.5%
171.6
University of North Florida
16,083
55%
public
urban
$84,181,773
51
1,300
Jacksonville
FL
836,507
35
$23,282
$127,500
25.6%
395
University of Oregon
24,473
52%
public
city
$581,092,605
106
295
Eugene
OR
157,986
34
$26,186
$230,300
38.3%
3397
University of Pennsylvania
21,358
50%
private
urban
8
302
Philidelphia
PA
1,547,607
34
$21,569
$142,300
24.3%
562.1
University of Pittsburgh
28,649
50%
public
urban
62
132
Pittsburgh
PA
306,211
34
$27,572
$87,900
38.4%
358.3
University of South Carolina
31,964
54%
public
city
$409,022,455
113
24,180
Columbia
SC
131,686
29
$22,621
$162,900
42.0%
549.9
University of Tennessee
30,030
49%
public
urban
$662,941,568
106
560
Knoxville
TN
182,200
34
$22,610
$114,200
30.2%
570.2
University of Texas at Austin
52,059
52%
public
urban
$3,012,894,720
53
434
Austin
TX
842,592
31
$31,130
$222,100
45.4%
363.7
7,476
57%
public
$71,690,776
68
200
Tyler
TX
99,323
34
$24,854
$12,500
28.5%
364.2
University of Vermont
12,723
56%
public
suburban
$350,808,000
85
460
Burlington
VT
42,282
27
$24,523
$260,182
44.6%
261.1
University of Virginia
23,464
56%
public
suburban
$5,106,876,214
23
1,682
Charlottesville
VA
43,956
28
$25,417
$244,250
48.1%
265.5
University of Washington
43,762
52%
public
urban
$2,432,421,073
48
703
Seattle
WA
634,535
36
$42,286
$415,800
57.7%
399.8
University of Wisconsin
43,275
51%
public
city
$2,295,273,339
47
936
Madison
WI
240,323
31
$30,353
$206,600
54.1%
262.9
Wahington University
14,032
51%
private
suburban
$5,749,297,000
14
169
St. Louis
MO
318,172
34
$22,531
$119,400
30.4%
825.1
Yale University
12,109
49%
private
city
$20,708,793,000
3
342
New Haven
CT
130,741
30
$23,367
$185,400
35.0%
661.3
University of California San Francisco
University of Texas at Tyler
4
$7,741,396,000
1“
Best Colleges | College Rankings | US News Education - US News.” US News RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2014. <http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges>.
”City-Data.com - Stats about All US Cities - Real Estate, Relocation Info, Crime, House Prices, Cost of Living, Races, Home Value Estimator, Recent Sales, Income, Photos, Schools, Maps, Weather, Neighborhoods, and More.” City-Data.com - Stats about All US Cities - Real Estate, Relocation Info, Crime, House Prices, Cost of Living, Races, Home Value Estimator, Recent Sales, Income, Photos, Schools, Maps, Weather, Neighborhoods, and More. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2014. <http://www.city-data.com/>. 2
Robert Moldafsky. Professor Anne Munly. Thesis Prep Syracuse University School of Architecture 2015