Research Journal | Matter Site | Roberto Vargas_Matthew Gordon

Page 1

Advanced Digitalization of Reclaimed Material


INDEX

Context

PART 1

Pre-demolition material dataset processing

Demonstrator development

Commercialization

PART 2

Design demonstrator development

Design strategy from post-demolition dataset

Post-demolition items assessment


This project investigates reusability potentials from post and pre-demolitions sites. It is divided into 2 parts, the first one aims to create an innovative digital decision support for deconstruction and demolition. It employs an automatic digitization method for the near-end life cycle stage of a building and considers it as a source of high value assets. The second part of the research links a

post-demolition database with a computational design tool that matched the designed components with relevant stored materials by their design requirements, as well as providing suggestions for design changes. The proposed iterations aim to optimize repurposed material utilization, performance, and cost. The research reduces the environmental impact of the sector by promoting the use of locally sourced, readily available, and reclaimed materials in an automated way. It exposes the potential for constructing datasets of reclaimed materials, digitally available, for sharing and organizing material harvesting and facilitating its incorporation in new designs.


CONTEXT


RESEARCH DOMAIN

Design

Construction

Operation

Demolition


PROBLEM



PROBLEM


MATERIAL VALUE

330 EUROS Raw Recycled

20 EUROS 5 EUROS

Steel

Concrete

10 EUROS

Wood

10 EUROS

Masonry

Bricks

Service Contract on Construction and Demolition Waste European Demolition Association European Regional Development Fund https://www.kurtz-bros.com/recycled-aggregate/ Eurostat Statistics Explained


OPPORTUNITIES

WASTE REDUCTION

By 2020 the European goal for recovery rate was set to 70%, currently some countries are still on 10%

European commission Waste Framework Directive

MATERIAL FOOTPRINT

BUILDING STOCK AGING

The global material footprint grew from 73.2 billion metric tons in 2010 to 85.9 billion metric tons

Approximately 42% of the buildings in Spain have more than 80 years and there are 10000 demolitions per year just in Spain

in 2017, a 17.4 % increase.

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. SDG Report

Atlas Estadístico de la Construcción y Vivienda en España

19% 42% Pre-1960 Material flow from building stock

1961-1990 1991-2010

39%


CHALLENGES

1

LACK OF INFORMATION ON THE QUANTITY AND LOCATION OF THE MATERIALS

2

LACK OF TRUST IN REUSE QUALITY

3

LACK OF INTEGRATION AMONG STAKEHOLDERS

Construction material waste million tones

Service Contract on Construction and Demolition Waste European Demolition Association European Regional Development Fund Eurostat Statistics Explained


INTERVIEWS



RESEARCH AIMS

A) Material Report

B) Design Strategy

PRE-DEMOLITION DATASET

POST-DEMOLITION DATASET


STAKEHOLDERS

A) Material Report

B) Design Strategy

PRE-DEMOLITION DATASET

POST-DEMOLITION DATASET

Secondary Materials reclaimed product trader-provider

Designers & Planners

Deconstruction Company

Supplier of secondary products and materials

Products Maintenance Services

Material Report

Material Health Score

Location and quantity of the materials

Where the material can be used in the design


T E S A T A D L A I R E T A A|M


In this section the project develops an innovative digital decision support system on 5 demonstrators, integrating various digital tools and processes (3D scanning, imagery localization and point cloud classification) that helps to define the most sustainable and economical deconstruction and reuse strategy for a building. The results showed that it is possible to quantify, qualify and map the flows of products and materials from buildings undergoing renovation, redevelopment or deconstruction and to assess, even before the work begins, their potential for reuse and recycling.


CURRENT SITUATION

USUAL BUSINESS

TRUST

BATIRIM

REGULAR DEMOLITION

MANUAL SELECTIVE DEMOLITION/ DISMANTLING

DIGITIZED SITE INSPECTION WITH AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS (DIGITAL DECONSTRUCTION)


PROPOSITION

DIGITAL SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR DECONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION

Increase HQ upcycling

+

Increase the recovery rate and volume from building waste.

Confidence Reliability

+

Improve the quality, value and security of upcycled material supply

Stakeholders Integration

+

Secondary raw materials and reuse components marketplace


MATERIAL DATASET IMPLEMENTATION

1

2

3

4

5

Building Inspection

Geometric Reconstruction

Classification & Localization

Integration

Planning Interface


MATERIAL DATASET IMPLEMENTATION

3

4

2


DEMONSTRATORS INDEX

TIMELINE

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

ATELIER INTERIOR

MAIN BUILDING ROOF STRUCTURE

IAAC ROOF PAVILION

SCALED EXAMPLE SITE

BCN DEMO SITE

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT


TIMELINE

TECHNOLOGY READINESS

ATELIER INTERIOR

MAIN BUILDING ROOF STRUCTURE

IAAC ROOF PAVILION

SCALED EXAMPLE SITE

BCN DEMO SITE

SCALABILITY


DEMONSTRATOR DEVELOPMENT


BUILDING INSPECTION BARCELONA DEMO SITE : CREU DE MOLERS 10

Built 1900 196 square meters Fitout removed

STANDARD

DEVIATIONS

Brick walls and columns Concrete floors Wooden beams

Painted brick walls Corrugated ceiling that resembles metal


WORKFLOW


TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON


TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON


TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON


TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

Texture Quality

Consistency Column Profile

Planarity

MOBILE LIDAR

STATIONARY LIDAR


TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON

Type

Photogrammetry Mobile Lidar Stationary Lidar

Time

Resolution

Texture Quality

Planarity

Consistency

Number of points

High Fidelity Imagery


BUILDING INSPECTION





GEOMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION

Site photography

Photogrammetry point clouds

Volumetric BIM objects


GEOMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION

Raw point cloud

Heuristic association with bim types

Ransac shape detection and cloud splitting

Merging and volumizing to site geometry


PLANE OBJECT SEGMENTATION

Prescaling via local density Truss from ransac

Initial segmentation with dbscan

Simple k-means clustering

Assignment by local direction

Final segmentation with merging and face estimation


BIM OBJECT JOINING

Simple K-means clustering by location produces errors Slabs and walls are represented simply

Pre-transforming coordinates via Galapagos-produced matrix

Beams and columns may contain many planes and must be joined

Known beams end up with recognizable clusters


CLASSIFICATION & LOCALIZATION



CLASSIFICATION & LOCALIZATION


CLASSIFICATION MODEL

CLASSIFICATION MODEL

BOVW

CNN

LOCAL BINARY PATTERNS

HUE AND SATURATION

STACK

PERPLEXITY

5

15

30

50


INTEGRATION LOCALIZING WITHIN POINT CLOUDS

POINT CLOUD

RENDER ALIGNED VIEWS WITH SPARSITY MITIGATION

PERFORM IMAGE LOCALIZATION

PROJECT LOCALIZATION MAPS BACK INTO MESH


INTEGRATION

LOCALIZATION MAP

EXTRINSIC MATRIX

INTRINSIC MATRIX


INTEGRATION

Projects entire material map rather than random sampling Applies to all scene geometry at once

Texture atlas generated for all scene elements


INTEGRATION

Transform map into world space

Localized model from intersections

Site element ID Color UV coordinates

Cast rays from camera through model

Material association

Texture reconstruction


PLANNING INTERFACE

ROUGH DIMENSIONS END USER NEEDS

DIMENSIONS GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS

AESTHETICS

TEXTURED MESH

STRUCTURE

WEBVIEWER INTERFACE

FACE TEXTURES

DEFECT LOCALIZATION MYSQL DATABASE

OTHER INTERFACES




USER INTERFACE DEMO



PLATFORM VISION




TIMELINE

SITE PHOTOGRAPHY

SINGLE IMAGE CLASSIFICATION

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

PER-ELEMENT MATERIAL ASSOCIATIONS

PATCHED LOCALIZATION

MANUAL RECONSTRUCTION

LOCAL SQLITE STORAGE

EXPANDED CLASSIFICATION

SIMPLE PLANE EXTRACTION

AWS BASED MYSQL STORAGE

ELEMENT-BASED BIM RECONSTRUCTION

DEMO WEB-VIEWERS

GEOMETRY-INFORMED CLASSIFICATION

INTEGRATION WITH IFC STANDARDS

PROJECT-ALIGNED WEB VIEWER



B

DESIGN STRATEGY


The aim of this section is to augment the design and construction potentials of irregular materials as well as leverage digital means toward advancing the widespread use of reclaimed materials in structurally predictable assemblies. The method relies on transferring a secondary raw material database to designers and builders to promote the use of valuable secondary-source materials and better inform early design decisions when repurposing construction waste. The initial tested material will be wood in batten shapes, and the design will be guided by a “form follows availability” strategy focusing on sparse and local availability. Therefore a local and small quantity of material will be used and every item will be logged and compared.


STATE OF THE ART

FORM FOLLOWS AVAILABILITY – DESIGNING STRUCTURES THROUGH REUSE

(Brütting, Senatore and Fivet, 2019)

CYCLOPEAN CANNIBALISM

(Clifford and Mcgee, 2019)

DIGITAL FABRICATION OF STANDARDLESS MATERIALS

(MacDonald, Schumann, Hauptman, 2019)


WORKFLOW Feedback from scarcity

Material

User

Negotiation of form between author and non-standard material

Digital Inventory of ready to assemble pieces

Dataset 3D mesh

Generative Design

Element Matching

Digital fabrication of parts

Optimized Design

Assembly of structure


DATASET

85% REUSABLE 15% RECYCLE

XX 10 CHAIRS

X7 BUS STOPS


POST DEMOLITION ITEMS ASSESSMENT


1

Element Inspection with Unsorted Input

2

Geometric and Textural Extraction

3

Geometric and Textural Analysis

4

Integration to Database

+

PRECISION

+

FEATURES

+

CONFIDENCE

+

TRACEABILITY


ELEMENT INSPECTION WITH UNSORTED INPUT ROBOT SETUP

1 | Scanning procedure

2 | Reorienting Piece


SCANNING AUTOMATION SETUP


Scanning Area


ENDTOOL | SECOND ITERATION

Avoid Collision

45°

20° Rotation


PICK AND PLACE

Scan of pickup area with stick arbitrarily placed

As sticks are thin, best-fit lines can orient bounding boxes

Scan with z-level cutoff, leaving stick points

Evaluated plane from bounding box used for pickup target


GEOMETRIC AND TEXTURAL EXTRACTION

FINAL CROPPED CLOUD HALF OF STICK CAPTURED EACH PASS

SCANS REORIENTED INTO WORLD SPACE

RESOLUTION OF COMPLETE SCAN WITH RGB CHANNEL


REALSENSE METHOD QUALITY UPDATE

ELEMENT ID : 45a0d07f-4d69-46bc-a642-c8ca98e471bc LENGTH : 794 mm


ELEMENT INSPECTION WITH UNSORTED INPUT PHOTO SETUP

AUTOMATIC SUBJECT MASKING



ELEMENT INSPECTION WITH UNSORTED INPUT WORKFLOW

.NEF Photos

Exposure and color correction

.jpg photos

Automatic masking

.ply Dense point cloud With holes

Multiscale model to model cloud evaluation

.obj High dense mesh

.E57 Vertex point cloud Without holes

.obj Mesh Decimation Alignment Scaling

.png Images for nail detection


GEOMETRIC AND TEXTURAL EXTRACTION

POINT CLOUD

250K FACES MESH

QUAD REMESH

QUAD WITH TEXTURE


NORMAL DISTANCE MEASUREMENT AGAINST A PLANE


MULTISCALE MODEL TO MODEL CLOUD


SURFACE CURVATURE ABSOLUTE CURVATURE QUADRATIC FITTING SEARCH RADIO 4


CURVATURE EVALUATION OF MESH SKELETON (WOOD WARPING)

BOW

CROOK

KINK

CUP

TWIST


TEXTURAL NAIL HOLE DETECTION

FACE : 0 [[0.6050, 0.9242], [0.4369, 0.4606], [0.4138, 0.05095]] Mask R-CNN Segmentation Output

Detections Stored as Element UV Coordinates


MASS EVALUATION

DIMENSIONS = 712x45x45mm VOLUME = 1441800 mm3 = 0.0014418 m3 SPECIES = European Redwood SPECIES DENSITY = 510 kg/m3 EXPECTED MASS = 0.735 kg ACTUAL MASS = 0.669 kg MASS RATIO = 0.91

DIMENSIONS = 954x45x45mm VOLUME = 1931850 mm3 = 0.00193185 m3 SPECIES = European Redwood SPECIES DENSITY = 510 kg/m3 EXPECTED MASS = 0.985 kg ACTUAL MASS = 0.538 kg MASS RATIO = 0.55


TEXTURE EVALUATION Texture Variation per element 4 faces per element

Filter Type

34%

Filter threshold based on luminance domain of 75% below average per item

Texture Variation Percentage

37.71

26.04

41.44

24.41

Saturation

18.01

19.41

20.13

9.39

Luminance

21.08

21.49

23.72

36.01


Low Texture Variation

High Texture Variation

8%

92%


TRACEABILITY

MS

UUID

Marking Options - Ink : Issues with Visibility / Application - Labels : Wasteful, Subject to Wear - Laser Etching : Need to Test

Dimensional and qualitative information




UI FOR ELEMENT INSPECTION



WEB INTERFACE


DESIGN DEMONSTRATOR


ELEMENT MATCHING PRE-SELECTION

BASED ON MATERIAL HEALTH

0-50%

DOWNCYCLED

50-70%

70-100%

CLADDING

STRUCTURAL


GENERATIVE DESIGN

Generative Design

Database


DESIGN - MATERIAL USAGE

Element dimensions have high flexibility once bridging connection points

Design information and specificity is embedded in the shape of the connectors between layers


ELEMENT MATCHING

Scenario A

Scenario B

DATASET ITEM MATCHES WITHIN TOLERANCE

CUTOFF ADDED BACK TO DATASET

Scenario C

[...]

[...]

ELEMENT CUT TO MATCH DESIGN

UNMATCHED ELEMENT WILL NEED NEW MATERIAL


MATCHING CRITERIA BASED ON NAIL POSITION Matched

X Connector

X

=

X Connector

x

X

Database Element

Target



OPTIMIZATION


RESULTS

# of solved connectors

85% of reused material From which only 10% requires labor

15% of new material Design data Database data Before

After

# of uncut and reusable material used




FABRICATION EFFICIENCY

STOCK USAGE BY RESULT

AVERAGE EQUIVALENT LINEAR WASTE USED : 65% WASTE : 8% REUSE : 27%



FABRICATION AUTOMATED CONNECTOR PRODUCTION


FABRICATION COMPUTER ASSISTED ASSEMBLY

CONNECTORS ID

TOLERANCE 10%

ORIGINAL LENGTH OF THE ITEM

STORAGE LOCATION

DESIGN LOCATION


P SIDE COLOR CODE

S SIDE COLOR CODE


FABRICATION COMPUTER ASSISTED ASSEMBLY

FOUND ITEM

LABOR NEE


EDED ITEM

NOT FOUND ITEM



FABRICATION COMPUTER ASSISTED ASSEMBLY


ASSEMBLED DEMONSTRATOR

Final assembly

Assembly Process


DEVIATION FROM ORIGINAL DESIGN Histogram

85% of pieces within 10 mm tolerance

Top View

Isometric View


ASSEMBLED DEMONSTRATOR



PILE OF TRASH

OUR DESIGN



PRIOR DEVELOPMENT


IDENTIFYING IMPERFECTIONS WITHIN THRESHOLD OF MESH CURVATURE


IMPERFECTIONS AS DESIGN OPPORTUNITY


AGGREGATION DESIGN WAVE FUNCTION COLLAPSE (WFC)





THIRD DESIGN DEMONSTRATOR



COMMERCIALIZATION


Matter Site is an innovative digital decision support for deconstruction and demolition. It employs an automatic digitization method for the near-end life cycle stage of a building and considers it as a source of high value assets.

Website: https://mattersite.co/ Blog: https://drivenbyvolumes.io/2021/03/18/driven-in cubation-platform-introduces-mattersite/#more-5 637


TEAM MEMBERS

External Admin Services [Management, Contracts, Legal Papers...]

Architect/Engineer [C&D waste technology specialist, European Market]

Sales [buyer domain expert]

Marketing [Communications and graphics]

Software development [Web App, Data Analysis, storage/security]

+2

Harvesting expert [Material recovery specialist, source domain expert]

Startup 140.600€


VALIDATION PRODUCT/MARKET FIT

BIG CIRCULAR ECONOMY NETWORK

INSIGHT CURRENT WORKFLOWS/PRODUCTION CHAIN

POTENTIAL PILOT COLLABORATION/ PARTNERSHIP


USER JOURNEY


SERVICE DURATION


ROADMAP

Incubation program started

Q4 - 2020

Initial industry collaboration/ Pilot

First Pilot Site scanning Hardware collab

Second Pilot Product fit evaluation. BM validation. Larger scale

Q1 - 2021

Q2 - 2021

Q3 - 2021

5 ongoing projects

3 ongoing projects

1st billable service implementation

Third Pilot Business model consolidation. Investors

Q3 - 2022

Q2 - 2022

Q1 - 2022

Q4 - 2021


TEAM MEMBERS 3 YEARS PROSPECTION [3 employees]

[6 employees]

[12 employees]


OPERATING COSTS


FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS 3 YEARS PROSPECTION


FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS 3 YEARS PROSPECTION


FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS 3 YEARS PROSPECTION


SEED CAPITAL INVESTORS

StartUp team

2nd round

1rst round

50% -12% (10-20%)

50%

18.2% +0.8%

30%

50%

20%

+20% 1yr

+20% 2yr

+20% 3yr

100% 4yr


CALL FOR PILOT MATERIAL


WHAT WE ARE LOOKING FOR


WEBSITE DESIGN






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