MANUSHYARARIYAAN

a\pjycdnbm³

ssat{X-b³

a\pjycdnbm³

BUn kn _pIvkv

{]Ir-Xym DÅsXÃmw \oXn-]qÀ®-amI-W-sa-¶nÃ; F¦nepw {]Ir-Xym DÅsX-s´¶v \mw Adntb-|-Xp-|v.

BapJw

Pohn-Xs - a-´m-Wv? Pohn-t¡|sX-§s - \-bm-Wv? temI-sa´m-Wv? AXv \S-¡p-¶s - X-§s - \-bmWv? Fs¶Ãmw kwib-§f - p-s|-¦n-epw kp\n-Ýn-Xa - mb Adn-hp-If - p-ambn Ign b - p¶ \½psSbnS-bn-te-¡mWv Ipsd kwi-b§ - fpw kwib-an-Ãm-bva-I-fp-ambn Cu ]pkvXIw IS¶ph-cp-¶-Xv. XpS¡-¯n-s\-¸ä - nbpw HSp-¡¯ - n-s\-¸ä - nbpw kwi-b§ - s - f-Ãmap-s|-¦nepw kwi-b-te-i-sat\y Pohn-¡p-¶-hÀ apX {]Jym-]nX kwi-bm-ep-¡Ähsc "bmsXmcp kwi-b'-hpan-ÃmsX ssZ\w-Zn\w Pohn-¡p¶ Hcp temI-¯mWv \mw FÃm-hcpw DÅXv. "F´p-sIm|v \n§Ä CXv sN¿p¶p?'

F¶ tNmZy-ap-¶-bn-¨m `qcn-]£wt]cpw i¦n¨pw Npäp]mSpw t\m¡nbpw D¯-c-an-Ãm-sX hnj-an-¡p-¶p-|m-hpw.

F¶n-«pw AXnÂ\n¶v hyXy-kvX-ambn Nn´n-¡mt\m {]hÀ¯n-¡mt\m Ign-bmsX \n¡p-¶Xpw \½Ä ImWmdp-|v.

Pohn-¡m³ A[n-I-sam¶pw Btem-Nn-t¡| Bh-iyan-Ã, Imc-Ww, Poht\msSbn-cn-¡p-¶-h-scÃmw Pohn-¡m-\dn-bm-hp-¶-h-cm-Wv. Btem-Nn-¡p-t¼mÄ am{X-amWv Hc´hpw In«m-¯-Xv. AXn-\mÂ, `qcn-]£wt]cpw BtemNn-¡m-td-bn-Ã. aäp-Å-hÀ sN¿p-¶Xv AXp-t]mse BhÀ ¯n-¡p-I-bmWv \mw sN¿m-dv. AXn Hcp sXäp-an-Ã, Imc-Ww, AXv hnP-bn¨ Pohn-X-am-Wv. hnP-bn-s¨¶p tXm¶nb coXn-IÄ \½psS Imcy-¯n ]cm-P-b-s¸«p \n¡p-t¼mÄ F-´n-\mWv C§s\ Pohn¡p¶sX¶v \½Ä Btem-Nn-¨p-t]m-Ipw. ]cm-P-b-s¸« \nan-j-§-fn Bcw-`n-¡p¶ C¯cw Btem-N-\-I-fnÂ\n¶mWv temI ¯nse ]e kn²m-´-§-fpw D|m-bn-«p-Å-Xv. Btem-Nn¨pIq«n D¯-c§ - Ä Is|-¯p-Ibpw ho|pw AXv ]cn-tim-[n-¨v, hnP-bn-¡m\mIptam F¶v t\m¡p-IbpamWv a\p-jyÀ sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xv. AXn-\m temI¯v Pohn-¡m-\mbn [mcmfw Adn-hp-IÄ C¶p-|v. hgn-I-fn-ÃmXn-cp¶ Hcp Im«n Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p \S-¸m-X-IÄ

I|v, CXn-teXp ]mX-bn-eqsS \S-¡Ww F¶-dn-bmsX A´n¨p \n¡p¶ Hcp hgn-bm-{X-¡m-csâ Ah-Ø-bn-emWv C¶v \½-sfÃm-h-cpw. hgn-bn-Ãm-bva-bpsS {]iv\-a-Ã, hgn-I-fp-sS _mlp-ey-amWv C¶s¯ a\p-jy-cpsS {]iv\w. C¯-cs - amcp kÔn-bnÂ, F´mWv \ap-s¡m-c-h-ew_w F¶v Is|¯m-\pÅ Hcp {ia-amWv Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ ImXÂ.

Cu ]pkvXI - ¯ - n k¦oÀ®Pohn-IÄ, ]pcp-j{- ]-PI - Ä Fs¶Ãmw {]tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXp a\p-jysc am{Xw Ipdn-¡p¶ H¶-Ã. a\pjy-tI-{µo-Ir-X-amb PohnXho£-W-hp-ambn Ign-bp¶ \½Ä, a\pjyÀ¡v A¯-c¯ - n-semcp sXän-²m-cW - b - p-|m-Im-\n-Sb - p-|v F¶p ImWp-¶-Xp-sIm-|mWv ChnsS AXp kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. asäÃm Pohn-It- fm-sSm¸hpw a\p-jy-scbpw ]cm-aÀin-¡p¶p Ft¶-bp-Åq. km[m-cW P\-§Ä¡v kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbn D|m-Ip¶ Pohn-Xs - ¯¡p-dn-¨pÅ ]e-hn[ tNmZy-§Ä¡papÅ D¯cw a\-Ên-em-Ip¶ `mj-bn CXn hnh-cn-¡m³ {ian-¨n-«p-|.v B[p-\nI imkv{Xs¯ ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bpÅ Hcp temI-ho-£-W-amWv CXn Bhnjv¡c - n-¡m³ {ian-¨n-«p-ÅXv. Pohn-Xs¯bpw AXnsâ \qem-am-eIsfbpw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ CXv klm-bn-¡p-w F¶v R§Ä Icp-Xp¶p. tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-Pohn kaq-ls¯ H«pw D¶w h¨v Fgp-X-s¸-«n «p-ÅX-à Cu ]pkvXIw, ]¯mw-XcwsXm«v _nF,-_n-Fkvkn ]mÊmb km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb hmb-\-¡mÀ¡p-th-|n-bp-Å-Xm-W.v Imcy-§f - n§-s\-sbms¡bmWv GXp-th-Ws - a-¦nepw \n§Ä Xnc-sª-Sp-¯psImÅq F¶-Ã, adn¨v, \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn Du¶-ep-|v. ImcWw Nne t_m²y-s¸-S-ep-I-fmWv CXnsâ cN-\-bn-te¡p \bn-¨-Xv. F¦nepw hfsc _rl-¯mb Pohn-Xs - a¶ ]pkvXI - ¯ - n-te-¡pÅ kqN-\-IÄ am{X-amWv CXnse Hmtcm A²ym-b-hpw. AXn-\m CXnsâ hmb-\-¡mÀ IqSp-X Ad-nbm-\mbn kzPo-hn-Xm-\p-`-h§-sf A]-{K-Yn¡pIbpw aäp {KÙ-§s - f B{i-bn¡pIbpw sNt¿|-Xp-|v. Hcp \K-c-¯n-te-¡pÅ ssINq|n¸e-I-bmbn CXns\ a\- Ê n- e m- ¡ p- I . A¡m- c - W - ¯ m `mcn¨ D¯- c - h m- Z n- X zamWv R§Ä hmb-\¡ - mÀ¡p \evIp-¶Xpw {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶X - pw. F¦nepw km[y-amb kzmX-{´y-¯n-sâbpw kt´m-j¯ - n-sâbpw Xmt¡m Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ ]mcm-bWw \n§Ä¡v \ÂIpw....AXp-d-¸v.

Ah-[m-\-Xbpw kl-I-cWat\m-`m-hhpw {]Xo-£n-¨p-sIm-|v.....

ssat{X-b\pw {]kn-²o-I-c-W-k-lm-bn-Ifpw

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Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ \nÀ½m-W-¯n\v F\n¡v Gähpw IqSp-X {]tNm-Z\w \ÂIp-Ibpw A¶hpw AÀ°hpw \ÂIn, CXnsâ XpS-¡w-sXm«v HSp-¡w-hsc Dd¡whsc \jvSs¸Sp¯n Iq«n-cp¶p klm-bn¨ c|pt]À¡mWv Rm³ BZyambn \µn ]d-bp-¶-Xv; AXv Fsâ kplr-¯p¡-fmb hn¶n¡pw ju¡¯n\pamWv. c|m-aX - mbn, Fsâ Pohn-X¯n \ndªp\n¶v AXns\ cq]m-´-c-s¸Sp¯n Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xm³ DÄ¡mgvN X¶ \mep kv{XoIÄ ¡mWv; Fsâ A½-bmb ]e-I-tÈ-cn cmP½, Pohn-X]-¦m-fn-bmb tUm. F.- sI.- P-b{- in, aI-fmb I\n IpkrXn, kplr-¯mb `àn s\{^-än-än. AhÀ¡pw Rm³ \µn ]dªpsImÅp¶p.

C\n, Fsâ Pohn-X¯ - n ]e I - m-e¯ - mbn IS-¶p-h¶v Fsâ Nn´m-[m-csb ]e-Xc - ¯ - n kzm[o-\n¨ kplr-¯p¡-fmb If-cn-¡Â cho-{µ³, \nXy-ssN-X-\y-b-Xn, kzman AJ-WU v m-\µ - , a[p ap«w, ap|-¸Ån cmP-knw-l³, ap\n \mcm-b-W-{]-km-Zv, Ìohv ss{_k¬, hn\-b-ssN-X-\y, s]mgn-¡Â iin, tKm]n-Zmkv, NmÄkv ssNX\y, än.-F³.tPm-bn, `mkp-tc-{µ-_m-_p, Ipcymt¡mkv, hnP-b-Ip-amÀ ]n.- F³, _n. c - m-Po-h³, sI.-k¨ - n-Zm-\µ - ³, än. s - I. cmaN-{µ³, apc-fo[-c³, C. tkXp-am-[-h³, ]n.- kn. chn, t{]wN-µv, F. tkma³, IhnbqÀ _me³, {]Im-i³ sI, DZ-b-Ip-amÀ, ipsF_v apl-½Z- v, cho-{µ³, jmln-\n ]n.sI, bp.APn-Xv Ip-amÀ, \mcm-bW - ³Ip«n F, sP. cLp, ic-XvN{µ³ F.]n, ]n. tKmhn-µ¸ - n-Å, F³.- sI. c - h - o-{µ³, Cµn-c, F. s - I. cmP-{in, KwK Fkv, _m_p kndn-b-Iv, t__n Pbnw-kv, lao-Zv ]n. än, ]n. F - w. A - K - Ì - n³, sI. F - ³. _me-tKm-]m-e³, F³. hn. _m_p- c mPv , sI. - h n. Pb- c m- P v , än. -Pn.- _m-_p, ]n. _ - n. KncojvIpamÀ, Ae-Ik v m-|À t]m¸v, kn. ä - n. A\n Ip-amÀ, kPnX aT-¯nÂ, tImbn-hnf {]`m-Ic³, tUm. kpccmPv aWn, tUm. Fkv. Fkv. emÂ, amWn t]mÄ, t]mÄ k¡dn-b, _n.- F³.- cm-[mIrjvW³, t]mÄk¬

dmt^Â, Btâm tPmÀPv, tKm]m-e³, sP.cmP-ti-Jc - ³\mbÀ, sI. Knco-jvIpamÀ, Djmta-t\m³, cRvPnXv cwK-cm-Pp, A\nÂIp-amÀ BÀ. -FÂ, in_n N{I-hÀ¯n, jnw\ sI.- ]n, Zo]m hmkp-tZ-h³, at\m-lÀ Ff-hÀ¯n, _\-am-enI Nu[p-cn, Zneo]v cmPv, tcjva ` - c - Z- zm-P,v amb Fkv, kp`m-jv än.- hn, \µ, IqS tim`³, tPymXn-Ip-amÀ hn, A\n F, tdmP Fkv, \fn-\n P-ao-e, tUm.-k-t´mjvIpamÀ Fkv.F-kv, F_n kp¯m³, tImaÄ awKf, kpioe am[-h³, kvanX ]n. hn, A\q]v Pn. \mbÀ, IntjmÀIpamÀ Fw. F - k - ,v {ioPn-X ]n. hn, j^oIv apl-½Z- ,v ]pjvIn³ ]n.- än. F¶n-hÀ¡pw \µn ]d-ªp-sImÅp-¶p. ChÀ FÃm-hcpw Nn´-sIm|v Fsâ cm{Xn-Isf DWÀ ¯n-b-h-cm-Wv. C\n, c|v A²ym-]I - c - m-W.v amth-en-¡c sslkvIq-fn H³]Xmw IvfmÊn ]Tn-¡p-t¼mÄ "ssZh-apt|m' F¶p tNmZn¨v Fsâ Nn´ DWÀ¯n-hn« IvfmÊv So¨-dmb D®n-Ir-jvW] - n-Å, At±lw Ct¸mÄ Pohn-¨n-cn-¸pt|m F¶-dn-bn-Ã. asäm-cmÄ, Nn´-bpsS hnim-e-temI-t¯¡v Fs¶ Iq«ns¡m|p-t]mb Be-¸pg Fkv.Un. tImtfPn ]Tn-¸n-¨n-cp¶ apc-fo[c-ta-t\m³. ChÀ¡v c|pt]À¡pw Fsâ AI-a-gnª \µn. ]pkvXI§Ä hmbn-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n¨hsc {]tXyIw kvacn-t¡-|-Xp-|v. ho«n Hcp-¡nb sse{_-dn-bn-eqsS Fsâ A½-bmb cmP½, \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-Ip-e-¯nse sse{_-dn-bneqsS \nXy-ssN-X-\y-b-Xn, kzImcy sse{_-dn-Ifn-eqsS Sn.- F³. tPmbn, ]n. tKmhn-µ¸n-Å, t]mÄ k¡-dn-b, hniz-hn-Úm-\-tIm-isse-{_-dn-bn-eqsS sP. cLp F¶n-h-cm-W-hÀ.

Cu ]pkvXIw {]kn²oIcn¡m³ ap³ssI -F-Sp-¡p¶ {]km[-I-cmb Unkn _pIvkn\v \µn ]d-ªp-sIm-Åp-¶p. CXv hmbn¨v A`n-{]mbw ]dªv FUn-äv sN¿m³ klm-bn¨ Iq«p-Imcmb APnX, cay hn. tiJÀ, {]kmZv AtamÀ, C. tkXp-am-[h - ³, ap\mk,v Bi B¨n tPmk^v, jmPn hÀ¤ok,v kvanX ]n.- hn, AtimIv t^_n-bmt\m, kpim´v ]n. sP, D®n BÀ., ]n. sI cmPo-h³, a[p ap«w F¶n-hÀ¡pw \µn ]d-bp-¶p.

Cu ]pkvX-I-¯neqsS, a\p-jy-k-aqlw CXp-hsc BÀÖn¨ Adnhnte¡mbn Fsâ hI kw`mh\ At©m Btdm Np\p-¸pI-Ä am{XamWpÅ-Xv, _m¡n-sbÃmw kam-l-cn-¡-s¸-«-XmWv, IS¸m-tSmsS Ah-tcmsSÃmw \µn ]d-ªp-sIm-Åp-¶p.

Ah-km-\-am-bn, Cu `qan-bn P\n¨v Pohn¨v Nn´-IÄsIm|v a\p-jy-PohnXw k¼p-jvS-am-¡nb FÃm a\p-jy-tcmSpw Rm³ ISs¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. AhÀ ]d-ª-Xns\ \ntj-[n-¡p-t¼mÄt]mepw Ah-cpsS Nn´m-Np-a-en Nhn«n-\n-¶mWv hen-b-hm-bn Rm³ Hmtcm¶pw hnfn¨p ]d-bp-¶-sX-s¶-\n-¡-dn-bmw. Ah-cpsS ap¶nÂ

BZy-ambn Cu hmIvic-§Ä hn\-b-]qÀÆw kaÀ¸n¨psImÅp-¶p. temIs¯ sXäm-bn- [-cn¨v AhÀ apt¶m«psh¨ Bi-b-§Ä Rm³ XÅn-¡f - b - p-t¼mgpw Ah-cn kXy-kÔ - c - m-bh - À C¶v Pohn¨n-cn-¡p-Ib - msW-¦n Ft¶msSm¸w ssItImÀ¯p \n¡p-sa¶v F\n¡pd-¸p-|v. bYmÀ°-¯n Fsâ hnaÀi-\-§Ä AhÀs¡Xn-sc-b-Ã, adn¨v, AhÀ ]d-ªXv Aev]w-t]mepw a\-Ên-em-¡msX Ah I®pa-S¨v hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw hniz-kn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄXs¶, aäp-Å-hsc Nqj-Ww-sNbvXv Pohn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ kXy-k-Ô-cÃm¯ cmjv{So-b,-km-aq-ly,-aX - m-[n-Imchn`m-K§ - Äs¡-Xn-sc-bm-Wv. Rm³ t]sc-Sp¯p]dªv hnaÀin-¨-hÀ \nÝ-b-ambpw kXy-kÔcpw A¡m-c-W-¯m hnaÀi-\mÀl-cp-am-Wv. DZ-bw- Im-Wm \mbn DWÀ¯m³ Hgn¨shÅw BZyw Aev]w sR«-ep|m¡p-sa¦nepw ]n¶o-SXv kt´m-j-I-c-ambn amdp-sa-s¶-\-n¡-dn-bmw.

Cu ]pkvX-I-¯n\v F\n¡v ]IÀ¸hImiw D|m-bn-cn-¡p-¶X-Ã. Cu Adnhv FÃm-hÀ¡pw Ah-Im-i-s¸-«-XmWv. CXm-cmtWm BZyw {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv AhÀ¡v A©phÀjw {]kn-²o-I-cn¡m-\pÅ Ah-Im-i-ap-|m-bn-cn-¡pw. AXn-\ptijw BÀ¡pthW-sa-¦nepw {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡m-w.

FÃm-än-\p-a-h-km\w P\n¨p Pohn-¡m³ klm-bn¨ FÃm NcmNc§Ä¡pw \µn. ssat{Xb³ `qan +919447094417 maitreyamaitreyan@gmail.com

CÃm-Xn-cp-¶n«v D|m-b-XÃ Cu {]]©w.

AXv DÅ-Xm-Wv. AXn-s\mcp XpS-¡tam Ah-km-\tam CÃ.

AXn-s\mcp krjvSn-IÀ¯m-hp-an-Ã. \nc-´cw amdn-s¡m-|n-cn¡ps¶mcp {]]-©-am-Wn-Xv. amä-§-fpsS KXn-thKw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. AXp a\-Ên-em-¡m³ \mw, a\p-jyÀ hnI-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp¯ c|p Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fmWv Imehpw tZi-hpw.

Ime-¯nepw tZi-¯nepw \ne-\n-e¡ v p-¶h - b - à hkvXp-¡Ä. adn¨v, Imehpw tZihpw hkvXp-¡f - psS amä-§sf Af-¡m-\pÅ tImep-IÄam-{Xw. FÃm XpS-¡-§fpw a\pjy\nÀ½n-X-§-fm-Wv. amdn-s¡m-|n-cn-¡p¶ {]]-©s¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ BÀ¡pw XpS¡w Bh-iy-am-Wv. A¡m-c-W-¯m XpS-¡-§fpw HSp-¡-§fpw a\p-jyÀ¡v Hgn¨pIqSm³ Ign-bn-Ã.

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bw- sN-¿p¶ c|p-t]À¡v AXym-h-iy-am-bn-¯o-cp¶p FÃm XpS-¡-§fpw HSp-¡-§-fpw.

F¶mÂ, {]]-©-¯n A¯-c-¯n-epÅ Bcw-`-§fpw Ah-km-\-§fpw DÅ-Xmbn \mw IW-¡m-¡n-¡q-Sm.

DÅS¡w

Pohn-X-¯nsâ AÀ°w..................................................... 21 FÃm-hcpw B[p-\n-IÀ....................................................... 23 kl-I-cWw Po-hn-I-fn klPw.................................. 25 P\\w, acWw, ssewKnIX.............................................29 Pohsâ DÛhw...................................................................... 32 {]]-©-¯n\v XpS-¡-apt|m?.........................................37 ssZhs-¯ krjvSn¨XmcmWv?....................................... 40 kn-²n-IÄ km²ytam?........................................................43 KpkvXn-]n-Sn-¡p¶ `qJ-WvU-§Ä.................................46 AXn-cp-t_m-[hpw kzXz-t_m-[hpw..............................51 Irjn-bpsS I|p]n-Sn¯hpw \K-c-cq-]o-I-cWhpw......................................................... 54 amdp¶ Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ................................................. 59 _lp-kz-Xz-t_m-[ -kz-Xz-t_m[w................................... 61 am-dn-h-cp¶ PohnX]cnIev]-\-IÄ................................64 AÑ-\-½-{]-hÀ¯\w............................................................ 71 ssewKn-Ik -- -Zm-Nmc¯nsâ Bcw`w.............................77 a\p-jy-cnse ssewKnI ]cn-Wmaw ...............................81 Ak-´p-en-X-hn-I-k\w F´p-sIm|v?..................... 88 Ak-a-Xz-kp-µ-c-t{i-Wo-_-²-k-aqlw...........................94 temIw amäp-¶-Xmcv?............................................................98

`mj sIm|p-h¶ IpXn-¨p-Nm«w................................ 106 shfp-¸n-t\m-SpÅ hnt[-bXzw.........................................111 I|p-]n-Sn-¯-§Ä Ncn{X apt¶-ä-¯n\p ImcWw.................................................115 tbip-hnsâ AbÂkvt\lw \S-¸pÅ Imcytam?........................................................120 "D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-c'mb {]mb-amb-hÀ............................126 `bw ap¶-dn-hmWv; ssZhamIs« Adnhn-Ãm-bvabpw............................................................129 AwKo-Imcw `£-Ww-t]mse A\n-hmcyw................ 132 Nne B[n-]Xy X{´-§Ä IqSn................................... 135 h\-¯nse Xm]-kÀ.......................................................... 140 ]hn-{X-am-b-Xn-t\m-SpÅ Bcm-[\................................142 tImf-\n-h¡-c-W-¯nse tcmKm-Wp-]ÀÆw......... 145 sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-¯nsâ hmkvX-h-Nn{Xw............148 ]ptcm-KXn "sh¨-Sn-sh¨Sn' apt¶-ä-aÃ...................... 153 t{iWo-_-²-k-aq-l-¯nse hyàn..............................155 FÃm-hcpw \nkzmÀ°À.................................................. 160 "kzmÀ°-'cmb cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ......................................162 t_mt[m-Z-b-¯nsâ s]mcpÄ...................................... 170 kÀÆ-Úm\w km²ytam?.............................................178 FÃm hnP-b-§-fp-sSbpw clkyw...............................182 Imcp-Wy-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Im¼v..............................186 kz¯p-e] v m-Z\w GI c£m-amÀ¤w............................ 190 Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w ..........................................................................199

BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw Xo{h-hmZ\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw...............217 \m«n³]pdhpw \KchpwþHsc-¯n-t\m«w.................226 Hcp aZy-hn-Nm-cw....................................................................233 lnwkbpw kkym-lm-chpw............................................ 240 kz¯pw P\-kw-Jym-hÀ²-\bpw................................. 246 {]P-bnÂ\n¶pw ]u-c-\n-te-bv¡pÅ Zqcw.............. 248 "I|w sh¨' Øm]-\-§Ä............................................250 AWp-Ip-Spw-_-¯nsâ IY............................................252 AÑ-\-½-amsc "t\m¡m¯' a¡Ä............................. 255 cXns¯mgnensâ Bcw`w.............................................258 F´mWv kZm-Nmcw...........................................................266 "]ptcm-KXn' AsX-´mWv?..............................................275 kaXzw F¶ B[p-\nI aqeyw.................................... 287 ]mcn-Øn-XnI kwc-£Ww..............................................295 C¶mWv Gähpw \à Imew.......................................... 298 Aaq-ey-amb Poh³............................................................ 303 kam]vXn................................................................................. 307

a\pjycdnbm³

Pohn-X-¯nsâ AÀ°w

Pohn-X¯ - nsâ AÀ°-sa-´mWv? ]e alm-•mcpw ]e-Xc ¯ - n D¯cw ]d-ªn-«pÅ Hcp tNmZy-am-Wn-X.v \½-fh - sb H¶pw kv]Àin-¡p-¶n-Ã. AhÀ I| temIhpw AXn-\pÅnse kqcy\pw `qanbpw aäp PohPme-§fpw FÃmw Chn-sS-¯s¶bp|-tÃm. AXn-\m AhÀ X¶ D¯-c§-fn-eqsS t\m¡msX Npäp-]mSpw H¶p t\m¡m³ \ap¡p {ian¡mw.

F´m-sWmcp sX§v sN¿p-¶Xv? F´m-sWmcp ]p ¨mSn sN¿p-¶Xv? F´mWv Hcp ]«n sN¿p-¶Xv? Hcm-\, knwlw FÃm-sa-´mWv sN¿p-¶Xv? Xs¶-t¸m-se-bpÅ ]Xn-¸p-Isf D|m-¡pI am{X-amWv Ah sN¿p-¶-sX¶p \ap¡p ImWmw. A§s\ D|m-¡p-¶-Xn\v A\p-Iq-eambn Npäp-]m-Sp-Isf CW-¡p-¶-XmWv asäÃm {]hÀ¯\-§fpsa¶pw ImWmw. CX-ÃmsX asäm¶pwXs¶-bà PohnXsa¶v Xncn¨pw adn¨pw Btem-Nn-¨m Ah-cn \n¶v \ap¡v ]Tn-¡m-\m-Ipw. ho¼n-f¡ - p-¶X - c - ¯ - n ]eXpw \mw ]d-bp-¶p-s|-¦nepw a\p-jy-cn-te¡ph¶mepw CXp Xs¶-bmWv sN¿p-¶-sX¶v ImWm³ Ign-bpw. \½-sft¸m-epÅ ]Xn-¸pIÄ D|m-¡n, Pohn-¡m³ km²y-amb FÃm-bn-S¯pw F¯n-t¨-cpI F¶ {]{In-b, aäpÅ PohnI-sf-t¸mse \½fpw sN¿p-I-bm-Wv. A\y-{K-l-§-fn-te ¡pÅ \½psS bm{XIÄt]mepw Cu \Ã- Po-hn-X-kml-Ncy§f-t\z-jn-¨pÅ Poh\-{i-awX-s¶-bm-Wv. Pohn-X¯nsâ AÀ°w Pohn-¡pI am{X-am-sW-¶pw AXm-Is - «, \s½-t¸m-se-bpÅ ]Xn-¸p-Isf DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¨v, A\p-Iq-ekm-lN - c - y-¯nÂ, AsÃ-¦n kml-Ncyw A\p-Iq-ea - m¡n Pohn-¡pI am{X-am-sW¶pw \ap¡p a\-Ên-em¡mw. AXn -\m Pohsâ AÀ°hpw e£yhpw Pohn-¡pI am{Xam-Wv. AX-ÃmsX asäm-¶p-a-Ã.

Pohn-¡m\pw Pohn-X-km-l-Ncyw A\p-Iq-e-am-¡m-\p -apÅ Ign-hp-I-fnse hyXy-kvX-XIsf ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n-bmWv Pohn-I-fnse hyXym-k-§Ä \mw ImWp-¶-Xv. 21

a\pjycdnbm³

AXmbXv, kµÀ`-¯n-\\ - p-kc - n¨v GXp-Xc - ¯ - n-emtWm Hmtcm Pohnbpw {]Xn-Ic - n-¡p-¶Xv AXn-\\ - p-kc - n-¨mWv Pohn-If - psS khn-ti-jX cq]-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. H¸w ayqt«-j-s\¶ Dĸ-cn-hÀ¯-\-¯m Df-hmIp¶ hyXym-k-§-fpw. Htc `qanbpw Htc kqcy\pw Htc N{µ\pw \£-{X-§-fp-sa-Ãm-apÅ Cu temI-¯nÂ, hyXy-kvX-X-I-tfmsS Pohn-¡m-\mIpsa¶v sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ Pohn-I-fpsS \ne-\nÂ]v \ap¡v Im«n-¯-cp-¶p.

Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm Pohn-Ifpw Pohn-X¯ - n hnP-bn-¨h - c - m-W.v hnP-bn-¨X - nse hyXymkw am{Xta kXy-¯n-ep-Åq. AX-ÃmsX Nne icn-bmb Pohn-X§ - t- fm sXämb Pohn-X§ - tfm Xmgv¶ Pohn-X§ - tfm D¶-X- Po-hn-X-§tfm CÃ. Pohn-X-¯nsâ ap¶n FÃm Pohn-IÄ ¡pw Htc-sbmcp Af-hp-tIm am{Xw. Pohn-¨,v ]p\-cp-X] v m-Z\w \S¯n FÃm-bn-S¯pw F¯n-t¨-cp-¶pt|m F¶-XmWv B Af-hp-tImÂ.

Hcp kml-Nc - y-¯n Pohn-¡m³ klm-bn¨ Ign-hp-IÄ, asämcp kml-N-cy-¯n Ign-hp-I-f-Ã. adn-¨v, {]mc_v[-§-fmbn amdp-¶Xv \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. AXn-\m Hmtcm Pohn-If - p-sSbpw Pohn -¡m-\pÅ Ign-hp-I-sf, Ign-hp-I-fmbn am{Xw \mw ImW-cp-Xv. Ignhp-IÄ, _m[y-XI - f - mbn amdp¶ kml-Nc - y-am-äa - mWv Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤¯nsâ Xntcm-[m-\-¯n\v Imc-W-am-Ip-¶Xv. ]pXnb kml-N-cy¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v Cu Ign-hp-Isf {Iao-I-cn-¡m³ Pohn¡p Ign-ªnsÃ-¦nÂ, \miw am{X-amWv kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. `qan-bn Poh-³ DS-se-Sp-¯-Xn\ptijw [mcmfw Pohn-hÀ¤§Ä D|m-hp-Ibpw CÃm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-|v. CXp-hsc `qan-bn D|mbn \ne-\n¶ GXm|v 99% Pohn-hÀ¤-§fpw hwi\miw h¶-h-bm-Wv. F¦nepw Poh-\pÂ`-hn-¨v, sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ Pohn-I-fn-eqsS ChnsS Poh³ XpS-cp-¶-Xn-\m A{]-Xy-£-amb Pohn-Ifpw P\n-X-I-cq-t]W Hcp Xc-¯n-e-sÃ-¦n asäm-cp-X-c¯n ChnsS XpS-cp-¶p-s|¶p \ap¡p ImWmw. a¬a-dª Pohn -I-fp-sS XpSÀ¨-¡m-cmWv ChnsS hne-kn-\n¡p-¶- FÃm -Po-h-Pme-§fpw. A¡m-cW - ¯ - mÂ, Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-sa-¦nepw XpS-cp¶ CSw `qan-bntem asä-hn-sS-sb-¦n-eptam Ds|-¦nÂ, Poh³ hnP-bn-¨n-cn¡p-¶p F¶pw ImWmw. Pohsâ hi-¯p-\n¶p t\m¡n-bm GXp Pohn-hÀ¤-¯nsâ hnP-bhpw Pohsâ hnP-b-amWv. a\p-jysâ PohnXhnPbw am{X-aà Pohsâ hnP-bw. \mw atä-sXmcp Pohn-bptS-bp-an-Sb - n Hcp Pohn am{Xw þ Pohsâ Hcp {]I-Sn-Xc - q]w am{Xw.

22

FÃm-hcpw B[p-\n-IÀ

\½Ä ]e-t¸mgpw ]c-k] v cw tNmZn-¡m-dpÅ Hcp tNmZyamWv "am§m|nbn-«m sX§v -In-fn-À¡ptam?' F¶v.

DSs\ Infn-À¡n-Ã, AXv \nÝbw. ]t£, N¡-c-am-hnsâ ssX \«m ]pfn-¨n-bp-|mIpw F¶ A\p-`h - a - pÅ [mcmfw Bfp-IÄ - \ap-¡n-Sb - n-ep|v. C¯cw kw`-h§ - Ä¡v BsI Bh-iy-am-bn-«p-ÅXv ]e-Xc - ¯ - n-epÅ IqSn-t¨-ce - p-IÄ¡pw hgn-]n-cn-be - p-IÄ¡pw Bh-iy-amb Ime-bf - h - p-am{XamWv. C§s\, Bbn-c¡ - W - ¡ - n\pw e£-¡W - ¡ - n\pw tImSn ¡-W¡ - n\pw hÀj-§ÄsIm|v ]e-Xh - W - s¯ IqSn-t¨-cepIfneqsS _mly-ambpw B´-cn-I-ambpw hyXn-bm\w kmh-[m\w kw`-hn¨v am§m-|n-bnÂ\n¶pw sX§p-am-{Xaà ]e-bn\w ac-§fpw sNSn-Ifpw D|m-Ip-sa¶v \mw Adn-b-Ww. C§s\ ]Xps¡ Ip¶p-Iq-Sp¶ amä-§-fn-eqsSbpw ayqt«-j-s\¶v hnfn-¡p¶ DÄ]-cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n-eqsSbpw GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fmbn Bcw-`n¨v k¦oÀ® GItIm-iP - o-hn-If - mbpw _lp-tIm-iP - o-hn-If - mbpw k¦oÀ® _-lp-tIm-iP - o-hn-If - mbpw amdp-sa¶pw Adn-bp-I. ]pÃmbpw ]pgp-hmbpw amhmbpw am\mbpw BSmbpw amSmbpw aÃnbmbpw s\Ãn-bmbpw apÃ-bmbpw ap´n-cn-bmbpw Hm´mbpw ]cp-´mbpw a\p-jy-\mbpw Ipc-§mbpw XoÀ¶sXÃmw Cu Hscmä Poh-\m-sW-¶-dn-bp-I. hÀj-§-sf-Sp-¯p-|mIp¶ Cu amäs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ ]|p-Åh - À¡v Ign-bm -Xn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-|pÅ Øe-P-e-{`aw am{X-amWv ta¸dª tNmZy-§s - f-Ãmw. F¶mÂ, Cu amä-§s - fÃmw hyXy k - X v a - mbn Pohn-¡m³ Pohn-IÄ¡v Ign-bp-sa¶v am{X-amWv sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. AÃmsX amhnsâ PohnXw "D¶-Xtam' sX§nsâ PohnXw "A[-atam' AÃ. ]pgp-hnsâ AhØ "sXtäm' ]q¼m-ä-bpsS AhØ "icntbm' AÃ. C¯cw aqey-t_m[w a\p-jysâam{Xw kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. a\p-jy³ atä-sXmcp Pohn-sb-t¸msebpw Cu `qan-bnep-|m-b-Xm-Wv. Pohsâ hi-¯p\n¶p t\m¡n-bm tImSn-¡-W-¡n\p Pohn-I-fn H¶p-am-{Xw. Pohn-¡m³ 23

a\pjycdnbm³

hfsc sshhn-[y-amb km²y-X-I-fp-|v. B km²y-X-I-fmWv A\´-tImSn Pohn-IÄ¡v CS-sam-cp-¡n-b-Xv; C¶pw CSw \evIn-s¡m|n-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw. Pohn-IÄ Ah-cp-tS-Xmb coXn-bn kml-N-cy§Ä¡- \ p- k - c n¨v CW- § nbpw kml- N - c y- § sf CW- ¡ nbpw Pohn-¡p-¶hbmWv. Hmtcm Pohnbpw asämcp Pohn-bnÂ\n¶v hyXykvX-ambn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse Hcp hyXym-k-amWv a\p-jy-\p-ap-Å-Xv. AÃmsX \mw ]cn-Wm-a-¯nsâ Xe-¸-¯p-Å-h-c-Ã. \mw ImWp¶ Pohn-I-sfÃmw- þþ AXp sNSn-bm-I-s«, ac-am-I-s«, _mIvSo-cn-b-bm-I-s«, hn«n-emIs«, ao\m-I-s«, am\m-Is«, B\-bmI-s« þ B[p-\n-I-cmb Pohn-I-fm-Wv. AÃmsX \mw B[p-\n-Icpw asä-Ãm-hcpw {]mIr-X-cp-a-Ã. Poh-s\¶ ac-¯nse imJ-I-fpsS Xp¼mWv Hmtcm Pohn-hÀ¤-hpw. Hcp imJ-bpw khn-tij -Øm\w hln-¡p-¶n-Ã. Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm Pohnbpw hnP-bn-¨, hnP-bn¡p¶ PohnXw \bn-¡p-¶-hcmWv. Hcn-¡Â hnP-bn-¨n-cp¶p F¶ Imc-W¯ - m F¡m-ehpw hnP-bn-¡W - s - a-¶n-Ã. Hcn-¡Â hnP-bn¨ Imc-W-§fpw Ign-hp-I-fpwXs¶ asämcp kml-N-cy-¯n ]cm-Pb-Im-cW - § - f - m-Imw. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m-emWv tImSn-¡W - ¡ - n\p hÀjw hnP-bn-I-fm-b-hÀ ]n¡m-e¯v hwi-\m-i-¯n\p Iogvs]-Sp-¶-Xv. Poh\pw Pohsâ kml-N-cyhpw F¶ coXn-bn \mw Xcw-Xn-cn¡p-t¼mįs¶ HmÀ¯p-sh-t¡| asämcp kwK-Xn-bp-|v. A\pIq-e-amb kml-N-cy-¯n Poh-\p-Û-hn-¨p-sh-¦nepw kml-Ncyw A\p-Iq-e-am-¡m-\pÅ Ign-hp-IqSn Poh-t\m-sSm¸w D|mbn. am{Xa-Ã, sshhn[y-amÀ¶ {]I-Sn-X-cq-]-§-fn-te¡v Poh³ hgn-am-dn-bt¸mÄ Hcp Poh-cq]w asämcp Poh-cq-]-¯n\v kml-N-cyambn¯o cpIbpw sNbvXp. C§s\ a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mÄ A\-´-tImSn sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ Poh-cq-]-§-fpÅ C¶s¯ `qan-bn Hcp PohnhÀ¤-¯nsâ kml-Ncyw Gdn-b] - £ - hpw aäp Pohn-hÀ¤-§Ä Xs¶bmWv. A¡m-c-W-¯m kml-NcywþPoh³ F¶ BZy-Im-e- hn-`P\w C¶v AXp-t]mse XpS-cm³ km²y-a-Ã.

24

kl-I-cWw Po-hn-I-fn klPw

Pohn-Xs - ¯-¸än Btem-Nn¨ a\p-jyÀ Npäp-]mSpw t\m¡nb-t¸mÄ hfsc {]I-Sa - mbn I| Hcp Imcy-amWv k¦oÀ® -PohnhÀ¤-§Ä X½n- Pohn-¡m-\pÅ aÕ-cw. Cu aÕcs¯ am{Xw Pohsâ {][m\LS-I-ambn AhÀ I|p. ]t£, efn-Xa - mb GI-tImi Pohn-If - psS temI¯v aÕc-s¯-¡m-tfsd kl-I-c-W-am-bn-cp¶p Pohsâ {][m\ LS-Iw. Cu hkvXpX Xncn-¨d - n-bm³ Ign-bm-sX-bmWv a\p -jyÀ Pohsâ hnIm-ks¯ hne-bn-cp-¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. aÕc-s¯-¡m-tfsd kl-I-c-W-¯n-tâ-Xmb Hc-Sn-Øm-\-¯nemWv Poh³ \ne-\n¶p t]mIp-¶-Xv. bYmÀ°-¯n _lp-tImik¦oÀ®Pohn-Is - fÃmwXs¶ efn-Xa - mb GItImiPohn-If - psS kl-Ic - W - ¯ - nsâ {]I-Sn-Xc - q-]a - m-Wv. asäm-cp- ho£-W-tImWnÂ\n¶pw t\m¡n-bm GItIm-i-Po-hn-I-fpsS Poh-k-Ôm-c-W-¯n\v AhÀ Is|¯nb hml-\-§-fmWv k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-sf-¶p-t]mepw ImWm³ Ign-bpw. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v, \½psS IpS-ense tImSm-\p-tImSn GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-IÄ. \ap¡v hb-dp-I-Snsb¶ tcmK-ap-|m-Ip-t¼mÄ, \½sf D]-{Z-hn-¡p¶ tcmKmWp-hns\ I|p-]n-Sn¨v Ahsb sImÃm³ am{Xw kq£vaX-bpÅ Bân-_-tbm-«n-¡p-IÄ \mw hnIkn¸n-¨n-«n-Ãm¯-Xn-\m "ImS-S¨p shSn-sh-bv¡p-I'-bmWv ]Xn-hv.

C§s\ tcmKw amäm³ Bân-_-tbm-«n-¡p-IÄ Ign-¡p t¼mÄ \½Ä¡v hni¸v \jvS-s¸-Sp-¶Xv \½psS IpS-enepÅ Cu GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-sfÃmw \in-¨p-t]m-Ip-¶-XpsIm-|m-Wv. Cu GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-IÄ \in-¨m F´p sIm|v \½psS hni¸v \ap¡v \jvS-s¸-S-Ww? Chn-sSbmWv Cu kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpambpÅ \½psS "kz´w' hni¸nsâ s]m¡nÄs¡m-Sn-_Ôw shfn-hm-Ip-¶X - .v Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw \mw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¯n«v Xn¶p-I-bm-sW¶v \mw hnNm-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ IpS-enÂ\n¶pw tatem«p t\m¡nbn-cp¶p \s½-s¡m|v CsXÃmw sN¿n-¡p¶ Cu sIm¨pIp-ª• - mÀ BÀ¯p-Nn-cn-¡p-¶p-|mIpw.... Cu Blmc25

a\pjycdnbm³

§Ä Ign-¨p-Xs - ¶-bmWv Ahcn an¡-hcpw Ign-bp-¶X - .v AhÀ¡v hni- ¡ p- t ¼mÄ AhÀ ]pd- t ¯¡v hnSp¶ cmk- h - k v X p- ¡ Ä \½psS cà-¯n IeÀ¶v Xe-t¨m-dn-se¯n \½psS hni-t¸m sImXntbm Hs¡bmbn amdp- I - b m- W v sN¿p- ¶ Xv . \½- f psS hni¸pw C¡q-«-¯n ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-«p-t]m-Ipw. ChnsS \½-fpsS hni¸v, Ah-cpsS hni¸v F¶n-§s\ bYmÀ°-¯n Xcw-Xn-cn-¡m\m-hm¯-co-Xn-bn Ch sI«p-]n-W-ªp-In-S-¡p-I-bm-Wv. asämcp {]I-S-amb DZm-l-c-Ww, \mw t]¸-«n-sb¶v hnfn-¡p¶ ]«n-bpsS Ah-Ø-bm-Wv. kzbw acn-¨p-sIm|v aäp-Å-hsc ISn¡m³ ]«nsb t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv AXns\ _m[n-¨ kq£va-Po-hn-Ifm-Wv. AhÀ Dan-\ocn h¶n-cp¶v ]«n-bpsS Hmtcm ISn-bn-eqsS aäp-Å-h-cn-te¡v Ib-dp-¶p. A§s\ AhÀ Pohn-¡m³ ]pXnb Cc-Isf Is|¯n FÃm- b n- Shpw F¯n-t ¨-cp-¶p. _p²nsb _m[n¡p¶ tcmK-am-bmWv \mw CXns\ ImWp-¶-Xv. ]t£, Cu Ipª-•mÀ¡v \½psS _p²n-tbmSv {]tXy-In-s¨mcp t{]a-hp-an-Ã, aäp-Åh - sc ISn-¡m³ \s½ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶X - n-ep-]c - n. ]t£, ]«n-bnemWv CXnsâ D¯-ch - m-ZnXzw apgp-h³ \mw NmcmdpÅ-X.v F¶m ISn-¡p¶ ]«nbpw ISn-tb¡p¶ aäp-Å- Po-hn-Ifpw Htc-t]mse Cu Ipª-•m-cpsS Cc-Ifm-Wv. Pohsâ hnIm-ks¯ hf-cp¶ Hcp ac-¯n-t\m-Sp-]a - n-¨m Xmbv ¯Sn Cu GI-tImi Pohn-I-fm-sW¶p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. B Xmbv¯-Sn-bnÂ\n¶v hnhn[ imJ-I-fmbn s]m«n-ap-f-¨h am{X-amWv _lp-tImi Pohn-IÄ. imJ-IÄ D|m-hp-Ibpw DW-§p-Ibpw sN¿m-dp-|v. AXnse Ce-Ifpw sImgn-bm-dp-|v. ]t£, Xmbv¯Sn henb amä-§-fn-ÃmsX hnI-kn-¡pIXs¶-bm-Wv. imJ-I-fpsS \jvSw Pohsâ {][m\taJ-e-Isf sXmSpIt]mepw sN¿p-¶n-Ã.

AXn-\m Pohn-If - psS hwi-\miw hcps¶¶p ]dªv hne-]n-¡pt¼mÄ \½Ä Xmbv¯Sn ImWmsX AsÃ-¦n h\w ImWmsX ac-§Ä am{Xw ImWp¶ ImgvN-¡mÀ am{X-am-Wv. temIm-h-km\w F¶v Bfp-IÄ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ, \½psS sNdnb temI-¯nsâ Ahkm\w am{X-amWv bYmÀ°-¯n-ep-|mIp¶-Xv. GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n hn\o-X-cmbn _lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-IÄ \nÂt¡-|-Xv, Xmbv¯-Sn-bmb Cu GI-tImiPohn-I-fpsS ap¶nem-Wv. Pohsâ XpSn¸v \ne-\nÀ¯m-\pÅ Ah-cpsS Ign-hn-t\mSv Xpe\w sN¿m-\pÅ Fs´-¦nepw Ignhv _lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fn DÅ-Xmbn \ap¡p ImWphm³ Ign-bn-Ã. IS-en-\-Sn-bnse ANn-´yamb aÀ±-¯n-epw IS-en-\-Sn-bn s]m«n-sbm-en-¡p¶ Aán-]ÀÆ-X¯nsâ emhm-Xp-¼nepw \mw Poh-hmbp F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ HmIvknPsâ A`m- h - ¯ nepw Hcn- ¡ epw ac- W - a n- à msX Pohn- ¡ m\pw 26

kl-I-cWw Po-hn-I-fn klPw

{]]-©-¯nsâ GXp tImWnte¡pw Hgp-Intbm ]dt¶m Hs¡ t]mIm\pw Ign-hpÅ Cu Pohn-Isf AÛpXw Iqdp¶ I®p-It - fmsS-b-ÃmsX \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bn-Ã. `qan-bn s]s«¶v Hcp ]¯v Un{Kn NqSpIqSn-bm AX-sÃ-¦n Hcp ]¯v Un{Kn NqSp Ipd-ªm sXm®qdp iX-am\w _lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-Ifpw \nan-j¯n-\p-Ån A{]-Xy-£-am-Ipw. A{Xbpw kµnKv²-hpw- A-Ønc hpamb Hcn-Sp-§nb CS-¯n-emWv Cu _lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fpsS \ne\nÂ]v. AXp-sIm|v Poh-s\-¸än ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Xmbv¯-Snsb ad¶v \mw H¶pw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Poh-cq-]-§Ä DS-se-Sp¯p h¶n-cp¶ Ime-L-«-§-fn kl-I-cW-¯n-tâ-Xmb hgn-IÄ tXSn-bmWv _lp-tImiPohn-IÄ cq]-s¸«p-h-¶-sX¶v ta kqNn-¸n-¨p-htÃm. _lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fpsS Hcp tImiwt]mepw ]e-Xcw GI-tIm-iP - o-hn-If - psS kl-Ic - W - b - Ú am-sW¶v ImWmw. Hcp tImi-¯n-\pÅn AXnsâ Ahn-`m-Py-LS-I-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶, AXnsâ DuÀÖ-t{km-X-k-mbn hÀ¯n-¡p¶ ssatäm-tIm¬{Unbmsb \nco-£n-¨m AXv C¶pw kzX-{´-ambn B tImi¯n\p-Ån Ign-bp-Ibm-sW¶v hne-bn-cp-¯m³ Ign-bpw. ]c-k] v cw klm-bn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-emWv tImi-¯n-\p-Ån AXv Ign-bp-¶-Xv. kl-I-c-W-¯n-tâ-Xmb Cu {]{Inb Hcp coXn-bn-e-sæn ]e coXn-bn _lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-hÀ¤-§-fp-sS-bn-S-bnepw XpScp-¶-Xmbn \ap¡p ImWmw. sXmgnÂhn`-P-\-§sf ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n kwL-Po-hn-IÄ Xs¶-bp-|.v tX\o-¨, Ddp-¼,v NnX FÃmw C¯-c¯ - n-epÅ sXmgn hn`-P-\s¯ ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n DS-se-Sp¯ kwL-Po-hn-I-fm-Wv. "Fsâ IÀ½-sa´v?, Rm\mcv?' Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ Hcp tNmZyhpw sXmgnÂhn`-P\w IrXy-ambn \S-¯n-bn-«pÅ Cu kwL-Po-hn-If - nse hyàn-IÄ¡v Hcn-¡epw D|m-Im-dn-Ã. kzbw Dt]-£n¨v Xsâ kwL-¯n-\p-th|n acn-¡m³ AhÀ¡v c|p-X-hW Btem-Nnt¡-| Bh-iyw-t]mepanÃ. cà-km-£n-bm-bX - nsâ t]cn bixÊv BÀÖn-¡p-Itbm, {]Xn-a-I-tfm, aWvU-]tam D|m-¡m³ _¡äv ]ncnthm D|m-Im-dn-Ã.... ]t£, A{X IrXy-ambn sXmgn hn`P\w \S-¯m-¯, F¶m kl-I-c-W-¯n-tâ-Xmb km[y-X-IÄ Is|-¯nb [mcmfw kwL-Po-hn-IÄ \½psS ap¶n-ep-|v. sN¶mbv¡Ä, B\, a\p-jyÀ, knwlw, Ipc-§v FÃmw C¯-c-¯n DÅh-bm-Wv. kwL-Po-hn-I-fnse kzm`m-hn-I-amb Hcp aqey-amWv kl-I-c-Ww. CXv al-¯p-¡f - psS "HmX-ep'-sIm-|p-|m-bX - à - . kl-Ic - W - ¯ - nsâ km[y-XI - Ä ]d-ªm knwlhpw sN¶m-bp-saÃmw Xe-Ip-ep-¡pw. ]t£, ISph Nncn-¡pw. ImcWw ISp-hbv¡v Cc tXSmt\m i{Xp27

a\pjycdnbm³

¡sf sNdp-¡mt\m kl-I-cWw Bh-iy-ta-bn-Ã. ISph ]d-bpw, F´n-s\-sb-¦nepw ]nSn-¨m AXv hÃ-h\pw sImSp-t¡|n hcntÃ, AXn-t\-¡mfpw \ÃXv Rm³Xs¶ ]nSn-¡p¶-XmWv. Cu ISp-hbm-Is« knwl-§f - nÂ\n¶pw thÀ]n-cn-ªn«v A[n-II - m-ea - m-bn-«n-Ã, Im«n-en-sÃ-¦nepw Iq«n-sem-¶n-¨n-«m Ah-cn¶pw CW-tNcpw. D|mIp¶ a¡Ä hÔy-cm-bn-cn-¡p-sa-¶p-am-{Xw. c|v Pohn-hÀ¤-ambn AhÀ IrXy-ambn thÀ]n-cn-ªn-«n-Ãmsb¶pw F¶mÂ, c|m-bns¡m-|n-cn-¡pI-bm-sW¶pw Cu kz`m-h-ssh-Nn-{Xy-¯nÂ\n¶pw ImWmw. knwl-¡q-«-§Ä HmSn-¨n«p ]nSn-¡p¶ Im«p-t]m-¯ns\ Iq«¯n ssIbq¡p-Å-h³ Xn¶-Xn\p tij-ta, Ah³ ]nSn-¡m³ IqSm-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄt]mepw aäp-Å-hÀ¡v Xn¶m³ In«p-I-bp-Åq. _e-¯n-sâbpw hb-Ên-sâbpw Gä-¡p-d-¨n-ep-I-fpsS IrXy-amb Xcw-Xn-cn-hp-If - n-emWv Cu Xn¶m-\pÅ tbmKyX e`n-¡p-¶X - v. AÃmsX, ]nSn-¨-h-cpsS "Ah-Im-itam, Xpey\oXntbm' H¶pwXs¶ Cu hn`-P-\-¯n-en-Ã. kXyw ]d-ªmÂ, a\p-jy-cp-sS-bn-S-bnepw CXp-Xs¶-bmWv XpSÀ¶n-cp-¶-Xv. hyànbpw kwLhpw X½n-epÅ Cu sshcp²yw ta¸-dª k¦oÀ® kwL-Po-hn-I-fn-seÃmw {]I-S-amWv. AXn-\m \oXn-]qÀ®-amb Hcp kaXztemI-s¯-¸än AhÀ kz]v\w ImWp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, a\p-jy-cp-sS-bn-S-bn F¶-t]mse Ah-cpsS CS-bn-epw Rm\mcv? F¶ "kw{Xm-k'-§Ä D|m-tb-s\; AsÃ-¦n Fsâ IÀ½-sa´v? F¶ "aqey-§-fpsS Ipga-dn-¨nÂ' D|m-tb-s\. `K-hm-•mtcm, {]hm-N-I-tcm, ]p{X-•mtcm Ah-X-cn¨v KoX, JpÀ-B³, ss__nÄ F¶nh ]mtS-|n-h-t¶s\!

28

P\\w, acWw, ssewKnIX

"P\n-¨-sXÃmw acn¡pw.' \½psS X¯z-Úm\nIfp-sSsbÃmw Hcp Øncw ]Ã-hnbpw \½Ä AÚm-\n-IÄs¡Ãmw kp\n-Ýn-Xa - mb Hc-dn-hpam-Wn-Xv. ]t£, GI-tIm-iP - o-hnI-fpsS temI-t¯¡n-d§n sN¶m Ah-cmcpw acn-¡pt¶-bnà F¶p \ap¡p ImWm³ Ignbpw. hf-cp-I, aq¡p-I, hn`-Pn-¡pI. A{X-am{Xw. Nm-I-W-sa-¦n sImÃ-Ww. AsÃ-¦n Bl-cn-¡-Ww. Bân-_-tbm-«n-¡p-I-sfms¡ I|p-]n-Sn¨v \½-f-hsc sImÃp-¶n-sÃ-¦n Ah-cmcpw NmIp¶ {]iv \ - t a- b n- à . A§s\ Imesâ hc- h ns\ Im¯n-cn-¡p-¶, Aew-L\ - o-bs - a¶v \mw hnfn-¨p-t]m¶ B ac-Ws¯ Hcn-¡epw ImWm-¯, A\p-`-hn-¡m¯ Iq«cmWv Cu GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-IÄ.

Cu ac-W-an-Ãm-bvabpw XpSÀ¨bpw _lp-tIm-i-Po-hnI- f nse sNSn- I - f nÂt]mepw \ap¡p ImWmw. apdn- ¨ p -ap-dn¨p \« sN¼-c-¯n-IÄ hf-cp-t¼mÄ A½-s¨-¼-c¯n ]ngp-Xm a¡Äs¨-¼-c-¯n-I-sfm¶pwXs¶ DW-§mdn-Ã. Poh³ \½psS aq¡nsâ Xp¼¯p Xocp-s¶¶pw DÅn-sem-fn-¨n-cn-¡p-s¶¶pw FhnsS\nt¶m h¶v AI-¯pI-bdn Xma-kn¨v ]pd-¯n-d-§n-t¸m-Ip-s¶¶pw DSp-¸p-am-dp¶Xp t]mse-bmWv icocw FSp-¡p-¶sX¶pw Úm\nIÄ hnf-¼m-dp-|v. A§s\ ico-c-¯nsâbpÅnÂ, icocs¯ sXmSmsX hyXy-kvX-ambn \n¡p¶ Cu km¦ev]n-I- Poh-ssN-X\yw, AXm-bXv AXn-cp-IfpÅXpw ]cn anX-s¸-«X - p-amb sN¼-c¯n-¡p-Ånse Cu Poh-ssN-X\yw F§-s\-bmWv apdnªv apdnªv Ij-W-§-fmbn aäv sN¼-c¯ - n-If - n Ib-dn-bs - X¶v H¶m-tem-Nn-¨m \½Ä Nncn-¨p-t]m-Ipw. ChÀ ]d-bp¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ "Hcp PohssN-X\yw' Ds|-¦n BZys¯ sN¼-c¯n ]ngp-Xm aäp-Åh N¯p-t]m-hpIXs¶ thWw. At¸m-sgm¶pw C§s\ kw`-hn-¡p-¶nà F¶p \ap¡p ImWm-\m-Ipw. kzbw hn`Pn¨v XpS-cp-¶-Xn-\p-]-Icw Xs¶-t¸m-sebpÅ ]Xn- ¸ p- I sf DÂ]m- Z n- ¸ n¨v ]n³hm- § pIsb¶ 29

a\pjycdnbm³

{]{In-bb - ¡ v mWv \mw acWw F¶p ]d-bp-¶X - .v k¦oÀ®-amb _lptImi Pohn-If - m-bn-¯o-cm³ Poh³ XncsªSp¯ Hcp hnZy a - m-{X -amWv ac-Ww. \mw k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-IÄ, kz´w P\n-XI Adn-hp-IÄ asäm-cm-fpsS P\n-XI Adn-hp-ambn Iq«n-t¨À¯v, ]pXnb Hcp hyànsb, an¡-t¸mgpw sa¨-s¸« Hcp hyànsb, krjvSn-¡p¶ {]{In-b-bv¡mWv ssewKn-IX F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. ]c-k] v -c-]q-c-I-amb ssewKn-I-Xbpw ac-Whpw Poh-\p-|mbn hf-sc-¡m-e-§Ä¡p-tijw Is|-¯nb kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fm-Wv. Ip«n-Is - f-bp-|m-¡nb BÀ¡pwXs¶ ac-Ws¯ `b-s¸-tS-|X - n-Ã.

AhÀ acn-¡-W-sa-¦n Ah-cpsS Ip«n-IÄ Ip«n-Isf D|m-¡mXn-cn-¡-Ww. CXp-sIm-|mWv a¡sf sI«n-¨p-hn-Sm³ C{X-b-[nIw B[n AÑ-\-½-am-À¡p-Å-Xv.... Hcp Ipªn-¡mep ImWm-\pÅ sh{]m-fhpw Cu ac-Ws¯ AXn-Po-hn-¡m-\pÅ sh¼-em-Wv. kzbw aq¯v hn`-Pn-¡p¶ hnZy-sb- BWv \mw t¢mWnMv F¶p ]dªv `oXn-tbmsS t\m¡p-¶-Xv. Cu ASp-¯ Ime¯v im-kv{XÚ-À Is|-¯nb hnZy-bmbn«mWv \mw AXns\ a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶Xv. F¶m FÃm _mIvSo-cn-b-IÄ¡pw Adn-bm-hp¶ hnZy am{X-amW-Xv. Hcp]t£, \mw Gähpw CjvS-s¸-Sp¶ ssewKnIhnZy¡p ]I-c-apÅ hnZy-bm-WtÃm CsX¶-Xmhmw Cu Iq«mb `oXn-¡-SnØm-\w... AÃmsX asämcp Imc-Whpw ImWp-¶n-Ã. kZri Cc«IÄ D|m-Ip-¶Xv Cu t¢mWnMv \nan¯am-Wv. ]t£, GsX-¦nepw kZri Cc-«-Isf Bsc-¦nepw IuXpI]qÀÆ-a-ÃmsX `b-¸m-tSmsS t\m¡p-¶Xv I|n-t«bn-Ã. kZr-i-cmb Cc-«-IÄ kZr-i-cmb hyàn-I-f-Ã. hyànXz cq]o-IcWw hfÀ¨-sb¶ {]{In-bt- bm-sSm¸w km[n-Xa - m-bn-¯o-cp¶ H¶m-W.v a\p-jy-cpsS Imcy-¯n AXn\v Npcp-§nb]£w Hcp Ccp-]Xp hÀj-sa-¦n-ep-sa-Sp-¡pw. kZr-ib - n-c«- I - f - psS c|p tI{µ-§Ä AXmXnsâ Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fp-ambn CS-s]«v sImSp-¡Â hm§-ep-I-fn-eqsS cq]-s¸-«p-h-cp¶ H¶mWv hyàn-Xzw. AXn-\m Hcn-¡epw kZr-ibnc-«-IÄ kZrihyàn-Xz-§-fm-hp-I-tb-bn-Ã. Hcn-¡epw Hcp lnäv edpsS kz`m-hs¯ C¯-c¯ - n-epÅ hn`-P\ - {- ]-{In-bb - n-eqsS BhÀ ¯n-¡m-³ km-²y-aÃ. Cu sXän-²m-cW ap³]p kqNn-¸n¨ "ico-c¯n-\p-Ån Pohn-¡p¶' Poh-\p-s|-¶pÅ k¦-e] v ¯ - nsâ XpSÀ¨bm-Wv. A§-s\-sbmcp Poh³ D|m-bn-«p-an-Ã, XpS-cp-¶p-an-Ã, acn ¡p¶p-an-Ã, tXcn-tedn kzÀ¤¯p t]mIp-¶p-an-Ã. B´-cn-I-amb {]{In-b-Isf kq£v-a-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m¯ Ime¯v \mw Is|¯nb Hcp k¦-e] v \w AsÃ-¦n ]cnIev]\ am{X-amWv ico-c¯ - n\p-Ån Pohn-¡p¶ Poh³. ssewKn-I-X-sb¶ kmt¦-XnIhnZy hnI-kn-¸n-¨-Xn ]cn-Wm-a]-c-amb ap³ssI k¦oÀ®Pohn-IÄ¡v e`n-¨n«p-|v. AXv A\-´30

P\\w, acWw, ssewKnIX

amb hn`-P-\-sa¶ t¢mWn§v sIm|p-|m-Ip¶ Hcp ZuÀºeyw adn-I-S-¡m-\m-bn-cp-¶p. t¢mWn-§n\v AXn-tâ-Xmb khn-tij Ign-hp-Ifp|v. AXv BWpw s]®pw CÃm-sX-t]m-bmepw Poh³ XpS-cm³ Ign-bp-sa-¶p-ÅX - m-W.v k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-If - nÂt]mepw Hcn\w ]Ãn¡v Cu Ign-hp-|v. Hä-s¸« Zzo]p-I-fn HgpIn-sb-¯p¶ XSnI-fn Ibdn Hcp s]¬]Ãn- F¯n-bm AhÄ ss__n-fnse tem¯nsâ s]¬a-¡-fpsS Ah-Ø-sbm¶pw t\cn-Sp-I-bn-Ã. ]c ]pc-j• - m-cpsS A`m-h¯ - m kz]n-Xm-hmb tem¯n\v aZyw \ÂIn ab-¡n-bmWv B s]¬a¡Ä Abm-fp-ambn can-¨-v KÀ`n-Wn-I-fmbXv. ]t£, \½psS ]Ãn-¡v C¯cw Hcp {]iv\-hp-an-Ã. AhÄ ap«-bn«p hncn-bn-¡p¶ Ipªp-§Ä FÃmw s]®p-§-fm-bn-cn-¡pw F¶-sXm-gn-¨m Ip«n-I-fp-|m-Im-Xn-cn-¡nÃ. hf-sc thKw ]Ãn-IfpsS Hcp s]¬kaq-lw-Xs¶ AhnsS DS-se-Sp¡pw. ]t£, C¯cw Hcp apt¶-ä-¯n\v B´-cn-I-amb Hcp ZuÀº-ey-ap|v.

B{I-an-¡m³ Ign-hpÅ GsX-¦nepw _mIvSo-cnb Chcnsem-cm-fn IS¶p Ibdn tcmKm-hØ krjvSn-¨mÂ, FÃm-hcpw Htc-t]mse Bb-Xn-\m Ah-scm-¶-S¦w B{I-a-W-¯n-\-Sn-s¸«v \mam-h-ti-jam-Ipw. Imc-Ww, Ahsb sNdp-¡phm³ hyXy-kvX-amb bmsXmcp P\n-XI ]cn-c-£bpw Cu ]Ãn-IÄ¡p-|m-hp-I-bn-Ã. C¯-c-¯nepÅ kaq-e-\m-i-¯nÂ\n¶pÅ Hcp Ic-I-b-d-emWv ssewKn-I-Xbn-eqsS k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-IÄ BÀÖn-s¨-Sp-¯X - .v AXv P\n-XI - a - mb {]Xn-tcm-[i - à - n-bpsS t\«-am-bn-cp-¶p. c|p Pohn-IÄ tNÀ¶p-|mIp¶ hyàn-IÄ Htc-ka - bw c|p t]cp-tSbpw Ign-hp-If - psS t\« -§-tfm-sSm¸w CXp-h-sc-bn-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ Hcp khn-tij hyàn-Iq-Snbm-Wv. AXn-\m Hcmsf sImÃm-\p-]-tbm-Kn¨ kq{Xw ]eÀ¡p-saXnsc {]tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ign-ªmepw FÃm-hcnepw Gi-W-sa-¶n-Ã; AÃ, FÃm-h-cnepw Gin-Ã. A§s\ aäp-Å-hÀ acn-¨mepw c£-s¸«p-\n¡p¶ Ipsd-t¸À D|m-bn-cn-¡pw. kzbw {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m³ iàn-bp-Å-h-cpsS Ip«n-I-fm-bn-cn¡pw ]n¶oSv \ne-\n¡p-¶-Xv. C§s\ sNdp-¯p-\n¶p hnP-bn-¨-h-cpsS a¡fmWv temI-¯pÅ k¦oÀ®Pohn-IÄ FÃmwXs¶. C¯-c¯ - n-epÅ sNdp¯p \n¸pI-fpsS IY-bmWv k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-fpsS PohnXw. CXmWv ssewKnI-X-bpsS Is|-¯-ensâ bYmÀ° {]tbm-P\w. AÃmsX kpJw D|m-¡m-\pÅ Hcp {]{Inbbà ssewKn-I-X, a\p-jyÀ A§s\ sXän-²-cn¨v ]e ]e kn²m-´-§Ä sa\-ªmepw. ck-apÅ {]hr ¯n-bm-bn-cp-¶m ssewKnI_Ô-§-fn Pohn-IÄ GÀs¸-«v \ne-\n¸v Dd-¸m-¡p-sa¶ Pohsâ Xncn-¨-dn-hp-am-{X-am-Wv ssewKnI-Xbnse kpJw. 31

a\pjycdnbm³

32

Pohsâ DÛhw

Pohsâ DÛhw

hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯ Hcp AÛp-X{-- ]-Xn-`mkw F¶ \ne- b n- e mWv Pohsâ DXv] ¯nsb hÀj- § - t fmfw imkv{X-Úc-S-¡-apÅ a\p-jyÀ hyh-l-cn¨p t]m¶n-cp¶Xv. ]t£, C¶v B[p-\n-Ii - mkv{X \nK-a\ - § - fpw Is|¯-ep-Ifpw Cu AÛpX{]Xn-`m-k-¯nsâ km²yXIsf {Ia-{]-Imcw Hmtcm-¶mbn ]pd-¯p- sIm-|p-h-¶n-«p-|v. bmZrÑn-I-ambn AsÃ-¦n ss\kÀ¤n-I-ambn Poh³ F§s\bp|mbnsb¶v C¶v Gd-¡psd kp\n-Ýn-Xambn ]d-bm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. henb Hcp Iodm-ap-«n-bmbn imkv{X-¯nsâ ap¶n DbÀ¶p \n¶n-cp¶ BZy-tImi¯nsâ cq]o-I-cWw a\Ên-em-¡m³ hfsc ]mSm-bn-cp-¶p. \ap-¡d - n-bm-hp¶ tImi§-fpsS cq]o-I-c-Ww-Xs¶ hfsc k¦oÀ®-am-Wv. Poh³ Hcp tImi-¯nÂ\n-¶mWv DÛ-hn-¨-sX¶v ]d-bp-I-bmsW¦n B tImi-¯nsâXs¶ B´-cn-I-L-S\ \mw AÛpXw Iqd-¯-¡-h®w k¦oÀ®-am-Wv. AXn-\m BZy-tIm-ic - q-]o-Ic - W - s¯ hni-Zo-Ic - n-¡m-\m-hmsX Pohsâ ]cn-Wm-as¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. ]ucmWn-I-`q-an-bnse cmk-¡-S-en Poh³ cq]w-sIm|-Xm-bn-«mbncp¶p BZy- im-kv{Xob \nK-a-\-§Ä. Poh\m-h-iy-apÅ ssPhm-¾-¯nsâ kwtbm-P-\-§Ä \S-¡p¶- X nsâ km²y- X - I - s fÃmw \mw a\- Ê n- e m- ¡ n- b n«pw BZy-tIm-i-cq-]o-I-c-W-s¯-¸än, AXm-b-Xv, AXnsâ kzm`m-hn-I- AsÃ-¦n ss\kÀ¤nI cq-]o-I-c-W-s¯-¸än hyà-X-IÄ \ap¡v D|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.

Hcp tImi-¯nsâ DÅnse km{µX \ne-\n-À¯m³ \mw BZyw kqNn¸n¨ cmk-¡S- e - n Akm-²y-am-bncp-¶p.

AIhpw ]pdhpw DÅ C¯cw Hcp tImiw kzm`m-hn-Iambn F§s\ kw`-hn-¡p¶p F¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ hnja-am-Wv. IS-en-\-Sn-bn `qan-¡p-ÅnÂ\n¶v ]pd-t¯¡p XÅn hcp¶ amÜ AXm-bXv Aán]ÀÆ-X¯ - nsâ DÅn \n-¶v ]pd-t¯¡p hcpt¼mÄ emh F¶p \mw hnfn-¡p¶ 33

a\pjycdnbm³

Cu amÜ shÅ-hp-ambn Ie-cp¶ \nanjw s]s«¶v NqSp Ipdªv AXnkq£vaamb kpjn-c§ - f - pÅ ]md-s¡-«p-If - mbn amdp-Ib - mWv ]Xn-hv. XqWp-IÄt]mse DbÀ¶p \nev¡p¶ Cu ]md-s¡-«p-IÄ I|m IS-en-\-Sn-bn Hcp \Kcw \nev¡pI-bm-sW¶v tXm¶pw. bYmÀ°-¯n Pohsâ DXv]-¯n-sb-]än kkq£vaw ]Tn¨ Hcp imkv{XÚ³ C¯cw XqWp-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-W-s¯-¸än t\ct¯-Xs¶ {]h-Nn-¨n-«p-|m-bn-cp-¶p. kzm`m-hn-I-tIm-i-§Ä¡v km²y-X-bpÅ Cu XqWp-I-fnse kpjn-c-§-fnembn-cn¡pw ssPhm-¾-¯n-sâ kwtbm-P\w km²y-amIp-¶-sX¶v At±lw ]d-ªp. IS-en-\-Sn-bn Bg-¯n kw`-hn¡p¶ Cu {]{Inb ImWmt\m a\-Ên-em-¡mt\m \ap-¡v ap³]v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn-`o-I-c-amb aÀ±s¯ AXn-Po-hn-¡m³ Ignbp¶ A´Àhm-ln-\n-IÄ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xn\ptij-w am{X amWv Cu {]h-N\w Hcp bmYmÀ°y-amtWm F¶v \ap¡v ]cn-tim[n-¡m³ Ign-ª-Xv. Poh-sâ DÛhs¯-¸än ]|p \mw F¯n-t¨À¶ \nK-a\ - § - Ä¡v hn]-co-X-ambn, kqcy-{]-Im-i-an-Ãm¯, {]mW-hmbphnÃm¯ CS-¯nemWv Pohsâ DÛhw kw`-hn¡m³ km²y-Xsb¶v AXnibIc-ambn C¶p \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶p. Poh-\p-Ås - X¶pw Poh-\n-Ãm-¯ -sX¶pw \mw BZy-Im-e¯v Xcw-Xn-cn¨ coXn-bn-eà C¶v Pohs\ a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶X - .v hf-sc-b[ - nIw ]cn-Wa - n¨p cq]s¸« Pohs\bmbncp¶p \mw BZnPoh-s\t¶m BZn-tIm-i-sat¶m hnfn¨p t]m¶n-cp¶-X.v \ap-¡d - n-bm-hp¶ IS-enÂ, AIhpw ]pdhpw DÅ Hcp tImiw km²y-aà F¶ Imcyw, Poh-sâ DÛhmt\z-j-W-¯nsâ ap¶nse Iodm-ap-«n-bmbn \ne-\n-¶ncp¶ Imcyw \mw kqNn-¸n-¨p-h-tÃm. kqcy\n-sÃ-¦n Poh-\nà F¶pw \mw hniz-kn¨p t]m¶n-cp-¶p. {]mWhm-bp-hn-sÃ-¦n AXmbXv HmIvkn-P\ - n-sÃ-¦n Poh³ Cà F¶pw \mw hniz-kn¨p t]m¶n-cp¶p. kXy-¯n Cu hnizm-k-§-fm-bncp¶p \½psS At\z-j-Ws¯ XS-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯n-sIm|n-cp-¶-Xv. {]mW-hmbp F¶v \mw hnfn-¡p¶ HmIvkn-P³t]mepw Poh-\p|mbn ZoÀL-Imew Ignªv BZy-Ime GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-bn-«mWv `qan-bn C{X-I-|p-|m-bXv. Poh-\v Bhiyamb ssPhm¾¯nsâ cq]o-I-c-W-s¯-¡p-dn¨pÅ \½psS At\zjWw C¶v `qan¡p ]pd- t ¯¡v \o|n«p-|v. Poh-\p-|m-b-Xv F§-s\-sb¶ tNmZy-¯n\v `qan-sb¶ IpS¯nÂam{Xw X¸n-bm t]mcm-sb¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-¡-gn-ªp. `qan {]]-©-¯nse aäv FÃm- {Kl-§fnÂ\n¶pw XoÀ¯pw hn`n-¶am-sW¶ \½psS [mc-Ws - Im-|mWv Pohsâ FÃm LS-I§ - s - fbpw AXnsâ cq]o-I-cW km²y-X-I-sfbpw `qan-bn am{Xw \mw 34

Pohsâ DÛhw

At\z-jn-¨p h¶ncp-¶-Xv. F¶m Pohsâ cq]o-I-c-W-¯n-\m-h -iy-amb ]e LS-I-§fpw `qanXs¶ cq]-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\v F{Xtbm ap³]v aäv \£-{X-§-fpsS AKm-[-KÀ`-Kr-l-§-fn-emWv cq]w-sIm|-X.v DZm-lc - W - ¯ - n\v \½psS FÃp-IÄ cq]-s¸-Sm-\pÅ ImÀ_Bä-§Ä kqcy-s\-¡mÄ ]Xn³a-S§v hen-¸-apÅ \£{X§Ä ¡pÅn cq]-s¸«v Ah s]m«n-s¯-dn¨v \mep-]mSpw ]c-¡-Ww. {]]-©m-bp-Ênsâ ssZÀLy-¯nÂ, C¯-c-¯n-epÅ aq¶p XhWs¯ cq]s¸Sen\pw s]m«n-s¯-dn¡pw tij-amWv \½psS kqcy\pw `qan-bpsaÃmw cq]wsImÅm³ Bcw-`n-¨-Xp-X-s¶. AXn\m Pohsâ cq]o-Ic - W¯nse FÃm D¯-c§ - fpw `qan-bnÂXs¶ \mw Is|-¯m³ {ian-¡-cp-Xv. ssPhm-¾-§-fpsS kw`m-h-\-bn D¡-If - psS ]¦v shfn-s¸«p hcp-¶t- X-bp-Åq. `qan-bpsS bYmÀ° kw`m-h\ Hcp]t£, Pohsâ DÛ-h¯nsâ C-Sam-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶nÃ, adn¨v AXnsâ sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ hnkvt^m-S\ - b - n-Sw- F¶ coXn bnem-bn-cn-¡mw.

X•m{XmPoh-imkv{X-¯nse Adn-hp-IÄ Hmtcm-¶mbn ]pd-¯ph-¶p-sIm|n-cn-¡p¶ Cu Ime-L-«-¯nÂ, ]co-£-W-im-e-I-fn BZy-ambn Pohsâ XpSn-¸p-IÄ \mw \nÀ½n¨ Cu Ime-L-«-¯nÂ, Pohsâ Dįp-Sn-¸p-Is - f-¸än \ap-¡n¶v \à [mcW D|m-bn-«p-|v.

Cu [mc-W-bv¡-\p-kr-X-am-bn-«mWv IS-en-\-Sn-bnse XqWp-IÄ¡pÅnse kq£vakpjn-c§ - f - n Pohsâ XpSn-¸p-IÄ \mw Is|-¯nbn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£, Cu D¯-c-§-sfÃmwXs¶ Poh-s\-¸-än-bpÅ \½psS ap³[m-c-W-I-sfÃmw Xncp-¯n-¡p-dn-¨p-sIm-|mWv \ne \n¡p-¶-Xv. Poh³ Akm-²y-amb N{µ\nepw sNmÆbnep-saÃmw thW-sa¦n Poh³ km²y-amWv F¶ ]p¯³ Adn-hn-emWv C¶p \mw F¯n\n¡p-¶X - v. Poh³, Poh-\n-Ãm-¯Xv F¶ Xcw-Xn-cnhpw Cu kq£vatemI-¯n \mw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-Xp-t]mse A{X hntÑ-ZapÅ H¶mbn C¶p \mw Icp-Xp-¶n-Ã. Pohs\ Hcp {]{Inbbmbn a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ \ap¡,v \mw CSp¶ XpS-¡-§-fmWv Poh-sâ XpS¡w, AÃmsX "AXp-X-s¶-bmWv XpS¡w' F¶ hminsbm¶pw km²yaÃ. \ap¡v hyh-l-cn-¡m³ "XpS-¡-§Ä' Bh-iy-am-b-XpsIm-|m-Wv AXv Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm-¯Xv F¶pw \mw I|pIgnª-tÃm. AXn-\m Pohsâ XpS-¡-s¯¸-änbpw \mw hc¨ hcbmWv AXn-cm-bn-Xo-À-¶-sX¶v a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Pohsâ DÛ-hs¯, ck-X-{´-¯n-sâ hi-¯p-IqsS t\m¡n¡m-WpI am{X-amWv \mw CXphsc sNbvX-Xv. F¶m AXnsâ Gähpw {]{I-S\ - ]camb A\p-`h - ] - c - X - bpsS hi-¯p-\n¶p t\m¡nImWm\pÅ {ia¯nemWv BZy-Ime X¯zNn-´-IÄ FÃmw CSs]«Xv . AXp-sIm- | mWv t_m[- ¯ nÂ\n¶mWv Cu {]]©w 35

a\pjycdnbm³

DbnÀs¡m-|-sX¶ Is|-¯-en Ah-scÃmw F¯n-t¨À¶-Xv. AXv kzm`m-hn-Ih - p-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]cn-Wm-a] - c - a - mb DÄ¡m-gN v b - n-eqsS {]]-©-¯nsâ Ahn-Ñn-¶-amb GI-X-bn-se-§-s\-bmWv Pohsâ XpSn¸v BZys¯ A\p-`-h-]-c-amb Hcp hntÑ-Z-ap-|m-¡n-b-sX¶v t\m¡n-¡m-WpI \à ck-apÅ Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-Wv, AXv `qan-bn-embmepw {]]-©-¯nsâ atäXp-tIm-Wnembmepw. "Rm\p|v/asäm¶p|v' F¶ A\p-`-h-s¯-bmWv \mw Poh-s\¶v hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯-c-sam-c-\p-`-h-¯nsâ Bcw-`-s¯-bmWv Pohsâ Bcw`-ambn \ap¡v IW-¡m-¡m-\m-hp-¶-Xv. asäm-¶p|v F¶ Pohsâ A\p`hw GXv C{µnb¯n-eq-sS-bmWv Poh³ BZy-ambn A\p-`h - n-¨s - X¶v t\m¡n-bm Cu A\p-`hw "sXm«-Sp¯v' asäm-¶p|v F¶ A\p`-ha - m-Ims\ Xc-apÅq. AXm-bXv "kv]Ài-'sa¶ C{µn-bm-\p-`h - a - mWv BZy-ambn D|m-bs - X¶v \ap¡v A\p-am-\n-¡m-\m-hpw. ]t£, D× \ne-\n¸nÂ\n¶pw XpSÀ¨-bnÂ\n¶pw `n¶-ambn \ne-\n-¶n-«nà F¶-Xp-sIm|v kv]Ài-sa¶ C{µnb-¯n-s\m¸w cpNn-sb¶ C{µnbm-\p-`hw D|mtb aXn-bm-hq. AXn-\m BZys¯ Pohm-\p-`hw Cu c|n-{µn-b-¯nsâ k½n-{im-\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-¡pw/Bbncn¡-Ww. GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-Ä¡v ta¸-dª c|v C{µn-b-§Ä am{X-am-WpÅ-X.v c|pw "sXm«-Sp¯' A\p-`h - a - mWv \ÂIp-¶s - X¶pw \½Ä¡v ImWp-hm³ Ign-bpw. "asäm-¶p|v' F¶v kv]Àit\{µnbw A\p-`h-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ AXv \½psS \ne-\n¸n\v "\Ã'XmtWm "Xob' XmtWm F¶v "Xncn-¨d - n-bp¶'Xn\v klm-bn-¡p-¶X - mWv cpNn-sb¶ C{µn-bw. Cu c|v C{µn-b-§-fpsS {]hÀ¯\w am{X-amWv Pohsâ \ne-\n¸nse `qcn-`mKw Ime¯pw D|m-bn-cp-¶s - X¶pw \½Ä¡v ImWm³ Ign-bpw. Cu c|v C{µn-b-§fpw ]n¡m-e¯v cq]-s¸« C{µn-b-§fpw sXmen-bpsS kq£va cq]-t`-Z-§ÄXs¶-bmWv F¶Xv bmZr-Ñn-I-a-Ã. Hcp tImi-¯nÂ\n¶pw Poh-\m-cw-`n-¨-Xnsâ Gähpw \à sXfn-hm-Wn-Xv. I®m-bmepw sNhn-bm-bepw aq¡mbmepw sXmen-bpsS kq£va-amb `n¶ cq]-§ÄXs¶-bm-Wv. GI-tZiw Hcp ap¶qdp tImSn hÀj-¡mew "AXn-Po-h\ - '- k-ac - a - n -ÃmsX Imew IS-¶pt]m-b-Xm-bn-«mWv ImWp-¶-Xv. k¦oÀ®-_-lptIm-i-Po-hn-I-fpsS BhnÀ`m-h-¯n-\p-ti-j-amWv AXn-Po-h-\-¯n\mb ka-ca - m-cw-`n-¡p-¶Xpw "Cc'bpw "Blmcn'bpw F¶ Zzµz-¯n\v XpS¡w Ipdn-¡p-¶-Xpw. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv ASp¯ aq¶v C{µn-b§-fpsS BhnÀ`m-hw. BZy c|v C{µn-b-§Ä am{X-ap-|m-bn-cp¶ Pohn-IÄ C¶pw XpS-cp-¶p-s|-¦nepw Ah Blm-cn-Isf sNdp-¡p¶-Xn\v ]n¡m-e¯v cq]-s¸« C{µn-b-§Ä kzmb-¯-am-¡p-¶-Xph-gn-bà AXv km[n-s¨-Sp-¯-Xv. cmk-]-c-amb {]Xn-tcm-[§Ä cq]s¸-Sp-¯n Acp-Nn, ZpÀ¤-Ôw, hnjw, apÅv F¶nh X§-fpsS ico-c 36

Pohsâ DÛhw

` - m-K§ - f - n \nd¨mWv sNdp¯p \n¸m-cw-`n-¨Xv. k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-Ifn `qcn-]-£hpw Htc-k-abw Ccbpw Blm-cn-bp-am-Wv. Pohn-X-ac-¯nsâ hnhn-[ i - m-JI - f - psS Xp¼mbn hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Npcp¡w NneÀ Hmtcm Ime-¯p-ap-|m-bn-cn¡pw. AhÀ A¡m-e-§-fn `£-Wirw-J-e-bpsS Xe-¸-¯m-bn-cn-¡pw ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶Xv. AhÀ am{Xam-bn-cn¡pw Xmc-X-tay\ `b-an-Ãm¯ "kzmX{´y'a\p`hn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]n¡m-e¯v cq]-s¸« aq¶v C{µn-b-§fpw Cc-bpsStbm Blmcn bpsStbm hchv F{X-t\-ct¯ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-\mbn cq]-s¸-«Xm-Wv. BZys¯ c|v C{µn-b-§fpw sXm«-Sp¯ hnti-j-a-dnbm³ ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ ]p¯³ C{µn-b-§Ä "AI-e' §sf Iog-S¡ - p-¶p. A§s\, cq]-s¸« A©n-{µn-b§ - fpw amäs¯ "tZi'sa¶ am\w-sIm|v Af-¡p¶ -tIm-epIfmWv.

37

{]]-©-¯n\v XpS-¡-apt|m?

{]]-©-¯nsâ XpS-¡-a-t\z-j-nt¨mSpI Hcp ]g-b-Ime hnt\m-Za - m-Wv. X¯z-Nn-´I - • - mcpw Úm\n-Ifpw imkv{XÚ--cp-saÃmw Cu {]]©w F§-s\-bp-|mbn, Fhn-sS\n¶p XpS§n Fs¶Ãmw Btem-Nn¨v "Is|¯n' hnj-an ¡ - m-dp-|.v ImcWw GXp XpS-¡hpw "AXn\p ap³s]´v?'

F¶ tNmZyw Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¨p-sImt| \n¡p-I-bp-Åq. {]]-©-¯nsâ XpS-¡-a-t\z-jn-¨pÅ Cu a\p-jy-¸m-¨n a\p-jy-hÀ¤-¯nsâ Hcp amdm-tcm-K-ambn \mw a\-Ên-em¡n-bm Imcy-§Ä F-fp-¸a - m-bn. CXn-s\mcp NnIn-Õt - bbp-Åq, AXv {]]-©-¯n\p XpS-¡-an-Ã, AXp-|m-bn-«n-Ã, Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶n-Ã, adn¨v AXv DÅ-XmWv, A¡m-c-W¯m AXp-|m-hp-Itbm CÃm-Xm-hp-Itbm sN¿nà F¶v a\-Ên-em-¡pI F¶-Xm-Wv. CXv a\p-jyÀ¡v "a\-Ênem-¡m³' Ign-bptam F¶v kwi-b-am-Wv. ImcWw a\pjyÀ¡v XpS¡w AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. {]]-©-¯nse FÃm XpS-¡-§fpw HSp-¡-§fpw a\p jya\-Ên-em-¡-ensâ XpS-¡-§fpw HSp-¡-§fpw am{X-amWv. {]]©w DÅ-Xm-Wv, DÅ-Xmb {]]-©-am-Is« \nc-´c-am-ä¯ - n\p hnt[-bh - p-am-Wv. \nc-´c - amä-§sf a\-Ên-em¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ a\p-jyÀ¡v XpS-¡§ - fpw HSp-¡§ - fpw Bh-iy-amWv; A{X-am-{Xw. AÃmsX {]]-©-¯n Hcn¡epw Hcp XpS-¡hpw D|m-bn-«n-Ã.

C§s\ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ \mw "_nKv _mMv' F¶p hnfn¡p¶ s]m«n-s¯dn \S-¶n-«nsöv ]d-bp-I-b-Ã. FÃm _ln-cm-Imi \nco-£-W-§fpw C¯-c-samcp s]m«n-s¯dn-bpsS A\n-hm-cyX hnfn-t¨m-Xp-¶p-|v. ]t£, AXmWv XpS¡sa¶v ]d-bp-¶Xp am{X-amWv ChnsS tNmZyw sN¿s¸-Sp-¶X - v. Cu XpS¡w ka-Xp-e\ - a - mb Hcp Ah-Øb - n \n-¶m-Wmcw-`n-¨X - v F¶mWv A\p-am-\n-¡p-¶X - v. ka-Xp-eyamb Hc-hØ - b - mWv s]m«ns¯dn-¨s - X-¦n {]]©w Htc -t]mse hoÀ¡p-I-b-ÃmsX hntÑ-Zw-h¶v AXnÂ\n¶v \mw ImWp¶ Cu \£-{X-]-S-e-§-sfm¶pw Dcp-¯n-cnªp 38

{]]-©-¯n\v XpS-¡-apt|m?

hcn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. \£-{X-§fpw Kme-Ivkn-Ifpw Chn-sS-bpÅ ØnXn bv¡v eo\-am-bn-cp¶ Akw-Xp-en-Xm-hØ - b - m-bn-cp-¶p A-sX¶v A\pam-\n-¡W - w. CXv Cu s]m«n-s¯-dn¡v ap³s]´v F¶ tNmZyw Ah -ti-jn-¸n-¡pw. Akw-Xp-en-Xm-h-Øbv¡v Imc-W-sa´v F¶ tNmZyam-bn-cn-¡p-a-Xv. imkv{X-Ú-À CXns\ XpS-¡-ambn IW-¡m-¡p¶Xv Imew, tZiw F¶ \½psS ASn-Øm\ Af-hptIm-ep-IÄ ChnsS D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-am-Ip-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. c|p-s|-¦nte Cu c|v Af-hp-tIm-ep-Ifpw {]k-à-am-hp-I-bp-Åq. ]p¯-\-f-hp-tIm-ep-IfpsS hnI-k\ - ¯ - n-eqsS am{Xta Izm|w ^nknIvkv {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ kq£va-X-e-§fpw {]]-©-_rlZvta-Je-Ifpw \ap¡v "a\-Ên-em¡m³' Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq.

Poh-³ B-cw-`n¨p, DÛ-hn¨p Fs¶Ãmw ]d-bp-t¼mÄ amä-§fpsS A\p-kyq-X-Xsb a\-Ên-em-¡m³-th|n \S-¯nb hn`-P\w am{X-amsW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, `qan Xncn-bp-I-bÃm-sX, Hcn-¡epw Hcp Znh-khpw D|m-bn-«nÃ. F¶mepw Rmb-dm-gvNbpw Xn¦-fm-gN v bpw \ap-¡m-h-iy-am-Wv. _p²-hÀjw 2556þDw, {InkvXphÀjw 2013þDw, lnPvd hÀjw 1434þDw Hs¡ \ap-s¡mgn-hm-¡m\m-hnÃ.

Ime-{]-hm-l-¯n \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ H¶Ã \mw Ad-nbp¶ Cu {]]-©w. Imew F¶Xv amä-§sf a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ Hcp Af-hptIm am{X-am-Wv. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw XpS-§-W-sa-¦nepw Ah-km-\n¡-W-sa-¦nepw AhnsS \mw Fgp-Xn-h-bvt¡|n hcpw. AÃm-sX, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw Hcn-¡epw XpS-§mt\m Ah-km-\n-¡mt\m Ignbn-Ã. F¶mÂ, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw F¶ Zn¡ns\ Ipdn-¡p¶ kqN-\I-fn-ÃmsX \½Ä, ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v AsÃ-¦n a\p-jyÀ¡v Pohn-¡m\m-hp-I-bn-Ã.

Hcp Zn¡nÂ\n¶v asämcp Zn¡n-te-¡pÅ amä-¯n-s\-bmWv \½Ä tZiw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. AÃmsX Ime-tZ-i-§-fn {]Xy£-s¸-Sp¶ hkvXp-¡f - à {]]-©w. GXp XpS-¡hpw a\p-jy-\nÀ½nXhpw a\p-jy-cpsS Bh-iy-hp-am-Wv. AXv Hgn-hm¡n \ap¡v Pohn¡m- \ m- h p- I - b nà F¶ "a\p- j y- k Xyw' Hgn- ¨ m "kXy- ¯ nÂ' Imehpw tZihpw CÃ. Ah a\p-jy-\nÀ½n-Xa - mb Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ am{Xw. ]e X - c - ¯ - n-epÅ Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ a\p-jyÀ Is|-¯n-bn-«p-|.v \½psS \m«n-em-sW-¦n "AwKpehpw apghpw NmWpw amdpw hŸmSpw' FÃmw \of-§sf Af-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶-h-bm-Wv. Hcp \m¸-Xp-hÀjw ap³]p-hsc Ibdpw XpWn-bp-sams¡ Af-¡m³ apghpw amdpw Hs¡ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶p. kq£v-a-X-tbmsS Af-hpIÄ {Iao-I-cn-¨-t¸m-gmWv ]gb tImep-I-sfÃmw Dt]-£n-¡-s¸-«-Xv. 39

a\pjycdnbm³

Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c¯p\n¶v I®qÀhsc C{X ImXw F¶v ]|v FgpXn-bn-cp-s¶-¦n C¶v C{X ssa AsÃ-¦n C{X Intem-ao-äÀ Fs¶-gp-Xpw. I®-S¨v Xpd-¡p-¶X - n-s\-Sp-¡p¶ Ime-bf - h - m-bn-cp¶p \½psS Gähpw sNdnb ka- b - s sZÀLy- a m- b n- c p¶ "\nanjw'. \mgn-I, hn\m-gnI FÃmw Ime-¯nsâ Af-hp-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.

GX-fh -- p-tIm-enepw AXnsâ BZys¯ LSIw D`-b-k-½-X{]-Imcw Xocp-am-\n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ H¶p-am-{X-am-Wv. Cu ]c-k] v -c-k-½-X¯n A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ BZy-L-SIw Hcn-¡Â k½-Xn-¡s¸-«m ]ns¶ Afhv Ffp-¸-am-Wv. anÃo aoäÀ C{X-bm-IWw F¶v D`-bk - ½ - X - {- ]-Imcw Xocp-am-\n-¡mt\ Ign-bp-Ib - p-Åq. ]t£, D`-b k - ½ - X - {- ]-Imcw Hcn-¡Â Xocp-am-\n-¨m¸ns¶ skâo-ao-ädpw sUkoao-ädpw sU¡m-ao-ä-dpw aoädpw Intemaoädpw H¶pw sXäp-h-cmsX \ap¡p {Iao-I-cn-¡m-\m-Ipw. BZy-Ime Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fm-bn-cp¶ amdnt\m apg-¯nt\m Cu IrXyX km[y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ssII-fpsS \ofhpw hnc-ep-If - psS hen¸hpw A\p-k-cn¨v Cu Af-hp-I-sfÃmw amdn-t¸m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p.

Bdpapgw XpWn-tbm, A©p-amdp Ibtdm Af-hn Aev]w sXänbmepw H¶pwXs¶ kw`-hn-¡m-\n-Ã. F¶mÂ, kzÀ®-af - ¡ - p-t¼mÄ Ip¶n-¡pcp D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ ]mc-¼c - y-amWv \ap-¡p-|m-bn-cp-¶X - .v AXv IrXy-ambn Af-t¡|Xv AXym-hi - y-am-bn-cp-¶p. kq£va - a - mb Af-hp-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-¨mWv ]gb Af-hp-IÄ \mw Dt]-£n-¨-Xv. ]t£, ChnsS {][m-\a - mbn D¶-bn-¡p¶ hkvXpX Cu IrXy-Xs - b¸-än-bpÅ hyXym-k-§-f-Ã, adn-¨v, FÃm Af-hp-tIm-ep-Ifpw a\p-jy\nÀ½n-X-amWv F¶p ]d-bm-\m-Wv. tImgn-t¡m«p\n¶v Fd-Wm-Ip-ft- ¯¡v F{X ZqcamsW¶v \ap¡v Af¶p Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bpw. F¶mÂ, Af¶ a®n Ipgn-¨pt\m¡n Af-hp-tIm I|p-]n-Sn-¡m³ Ign-bnÃ. CXp-t]m-se, temIs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³, Pohn-Xs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ \mw hnIkn-¸n-s¨-Sp¯ A{X kq£va-a-Ãm¯ amdpw apghpwt]msebpÅ ]gb Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fmWv ssZhhpw Bßmhpw a\Êpw Poh-\psa-Ãmw. Ah a®n Ipgn¨p t\m¡n-bm Is|-¯m³ Ign-bm¯ aoäÀ F¶ Af-hp-tImÂt]mse temIs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ D]-tbm -Kn-¨n-cp¶ ]gb a\p-jy-\nÀ½nX tImep-I-fmbn a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww; A¡m-c-W-¯memWv icocw Iodn-ap-dn¨p t\m¡n-bm Ahsb Is|-¯m-\m-Im¯-Xv, AÃmsX kq£va-¯n kq£va-am-b-Xp sIm-|Ã.

40

ssZh-s¯ krjvSn¨XmcmWv?

Nn´n-¡p¶ Hcp a\p-jysâ ap¼n h¶p ]Xn-¡p¶ Hcp {][m\{]iv\a - mWv Cu {]]©w F§s\ D|mbn F¶-X.v ]t£, Cu Nn´Xs¶ C§-s\-bp-|m-Ip-¶X - n\v asämcp Imc-W-ap-|v. D|m-¡pI F¶ {]{Inb ]e Pohn-I-fnepw ap³]v Bcw-`n-¨n-«p-|.v F¶n-cp-¶mepw a\p-jy-cpsS ap¶n Ah-À Hmtcm¶pw D|m-¡m³ XpS-§n-bt- ¸m-gmWv "D|m¡n' bn«p-s|-¦n "D|m-¡n-b-ht\m' D|m-b-Xn-s\mcp "ImcWtam' Ds|¶ \nK-a-\-¯n AhÀ F¯n-t¨À¶-Xv. BZn-Im-cWw At\z-jn-¨pÅ a\p-jy-cpsS ]c¡w ]m¨n-en D¯cw In«msX h¶-t¸mÄ F¯n-t¨À¶ A\p-am-\-amWv AtÚb-\mb Hcp IÀ¯m-hv. ]t£, {]]©w DÅ-XmWv F¶ Adn-hnsâ A`m-h¯ - n C¯-cw Hcp A\p-am-\ta A¶v km[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp¶pÅq. A¡mc-W-¯m F-hn-sS-sbÃmw hnI-knX kaq-l-§Ä D|mtbm, F¶p ]d-ªmÂ, Fhn-sS-sbÃmw Imcy-Im-cW kw_-Ô-ambn {]]-©s¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {ian-¨n-«pÅ kwkvIm-c-§Ä D|m-bn-«p-t|m, Ahn-sS-sbÃmw kam-\X-I-fpÅ krjvSn-IÀ¯m-hns\ krjvSn-¨-Xmbn \ap¡p ImWmw. Cu krjvSn-IÀ¯m-hnsâ kzcq]w ]cn-tim-[n¨m a\p-jy-cq-]¯ - ntem a\p-jy-kl - P - a - mb hnIm-ch - n-Nm -c-§-fpÅ Hcp IÀ¯m-hn-s\tbm BWv \mw krjvSn-¨n-«pf-fXv F¶pw ImWmw. CXnÂ\n¶v, ssZh-¯nsâ {]XnÑm-bb - n-eà ssZhw a\p-jys\ krjvSn-¨s - X¶pw adn-¨,v a\p jysâ {]Xn-Ñm-b-bn ssZhs¯ \mw krjvSn-¡p-I-bmWp-|m-b-sX¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡mw. Cu krjvSn¨ ssZh¯n\v AXmXv kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ DÄ t¨-cp-¶X - p-hg - n-bmWv C{X-b[ - nIw sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ ssZh§Ä temI-¯n FÃm-bn-Shpw D|m-b-Xv. XpS-¡-§-fnÃm¯ {]]-©-¯n XpS¡w Is|-¯nb a\p-jysâ Bh-iy-¯n-\-¸pdw bYmÀ°-¯n Hcp XpS-¡-¡m-cs\ Bh-iy-an-Ã. am{X-hp-a-Ã, XpS-¡-¡m-csâ XpS-¡-hpw B XpS-¡¡ - m-csâ XpS-¡hpw At\z-jn¨v \mw £oWn-¡pw.

41

a\pjycdnbm³

At\z-j-W-IÀ¯m-hnsâ At\zj-W-¯nsâ ap\-sbm-Sn-¡mt\ C¯cw Hcp IÀXr-k-¦-e] v \w {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-I-bp-Åq.

Hmtcm kwkvIm-c-¯n-sebpw ssZh-k-¦-ev]-§sf FSp¯v kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¨m B ]cn-Iev]\IÄ GXp Xc-¯n epÅ a\p-jy-cmWv DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¨-sX¶v Is|-¯m³ Ign-bpw. {]mY -an-I-amb Pohn-Xm-h-iy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln¨p t]mcp¶ tKm{X-§-fnseÃmw hfsc iàn-bp-ÅXpw "shs«m¶v apdn-c|v' F¶ Xc-¯n-ep - Å - X p- a mb ssZh- § sf \ap¡v Ft¸mgpw ImWmw. ]g- b \n-b-a-¯nse ssZhw I®n\p I®v, ]Ãn\p ]Ãv F¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ Bfm-bn-cp-¶p. A\p-k-c-W-bn-Ãm-¯-h-cpsS apI-fn "t_mw_n-'Sp¶-Xn\pw aSn-bp-|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. tkmtZmapw sKmtamdbpw \in-¸n-¨- mX-§-s\-bmWv... a\p-jy-cpsS "]I-'IÄ ssZh-¯n-eqsS km[n-Xa ¡p-Ib - mWv an¡ ssZh-§f - p-sSbpw "]Wn'. X§Ä¡v ]Icw tNmZn ¡ - m³ km[n¡m¯hsc ssZh-§Ä t\cn«v Ah-Xc - nt¨m, Bbp-[ § - Ä \ÂIntbm, tcmKw hcp-¯ntbm, A]-IS- ¯ - nÂs¸-Sp-¯ntbm sIm¶p-X-cn-I-bmWv AhÀ¡v th|-Xv. CXn- asämcp kuI-cyhp-ap|v, kzbw D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-sa-Sp-¡msX sIme-bpsS D¯-c-hmZnXzw ssZh-¯n-te¸n¨v a\-Ê-am-[m\-t¯msS ssIbpw IgpInbn-cn¡mw; C¡m-c-W-¯m-emWv GXp\m«nse ]pcm-W-§Ä FSp¯p t\m¡n-bmepw hfsc {Iqc-am-b, "ssZh-¯n\p \nc-¡m¯' {]hr¯n-IÄ sNbvXn-cp¶ ssZh-§-fp-|m-b-Xv. F¶mÂ, a\p-jyk-aq-l-¯nsâ hnIm-k-a-\p-k-cn¨v \oXnt_m[-¯n hyXym-k-§fp-|m-b-t¸mÄ ssZh-k-¦-e] v -¯n\pw amä-§-fp-|m-bn. tbip-{InkvXp-hnsâ Ime-sa-¯n-bt- ¸mÄ "ssZhw kvt\l-amWv' F¶ AaqÀ ¯Nn´hsc-bm-bn. C¶m-Is« ssZhw "imkv{Xo-b-Úm\'amWv. a\p- j y- k - a q- l - ¯ nsâ hnhn[ L«- § - s fbpw sshhn- [ y- a mÀ¶ kwkvIm-c-§-sfbpw ssZh-k-¦-e] v -\§Ä kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv \ap¡n-hnsS ImWm³ Ign-bpw.

B´-cn-I-hym-]m-c-§sf Af-¡m\pw a\-Ên-em-¡m\pwth|nbmWv Poh³, a\-Êv, Bßmhv XpS-§nb ]cnI-e] v -\-IÄ hnI-kn¨p-h-¶-sX¶v \mw ap³]v kqNn-¸n-¨n-«p-|-tÃm. Cu BZy-Ime ]cn Iev]-\-IÄ, ]cnI-e] v -\-I-fpsS Xewhn«v Pohn-X-bm-YmÀ°y-§Ä t]mse hyh-l-cn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ coXn-bn-emWv `mjbpw kwkvIm-c-hpsaÃmw hnI-kn¨ph¶-Xv. AXn-\m Ch ]cnI-e] v -\-I-fmsW¶v F{X-Xs¶ kqNn-¸n-¡s - ¸-«mepw B ]cnI-e] v \ - I - sf Hgn¨p\nÀ¯n C\n `mj cq]-s¸-Sp-¯m³ \ap¡p Ign-bn-Ã. AXn-\mÂ, a\-Êv, _u²n-Ih - y-hl - m-c§ - s - f-¡p-dn-¡p¶ ]cnI-e] v \bmsW¶v A-dn-bpt¼mį-s¶, "a\-Ên-em-bntÃ', "a\-Ên-em-¡Ww' Fs¶Ãmw FgpXp-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-Itb \ap¡p \nÀhm-l-ap-Åq. AXv 42

ssZh-s¯ krjvSn¨XmcmWv?

Af-hp-IÄ¡v aoädpw Intemaoädpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mįs¶ "Hcp ]¯Sn \S-¶m aXn'F¶p ]d-bp-¶X - p-t]m-se-bm-W;v ASnbpw apghpw H¶pw C¶v Cu \m«n {]tbm-K-¯n-en-sÃ-¦n-epw.

C§s\ "a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mÄ', B´-cn-Ih - ym-]m-c§ - sf BZy-Ime¯v Af¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn¨ Af-hp-tIm-embn Asæn ]cnIev]\ - I - f - mbn Poh-s\bpw Bßm-hn-t\-bp-sams¡ a\-Ên -em-¡n-bmÂ, ico-c-¯n-\p-Ån Hfn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ kq£-va-¯n kq£-va-amb H¶m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-|à Bßm-hns\ \ap¡p ImWm-\m-Im-¯-Xv. adn-¨v, Af¶ a®n Ipgn¨p t\m¡n-bm ssatem aoätdm Is|-¯m-\m-Im¯ ImcWwsIm|pXs¶-bm-W.v A§s\ "Bßm-hpt|m ssZh-apt|m' Fs¶Ãmw Bfp-IÄ tNmZn-¡p-t¼mÄ ssaepw aoädpwt]mse D|v F¶pw Ct¸mÄ A{X D]- t bmKanÃm¯ H¶m- s W¶pw ]d- ª p- s Im- S p- t ¡- | - X m- b n«p-|v....

Hcn-¡epw D|m-bn-«n-Ãm-¯, D|m-bs - X¶pw D|m-¡n-bs - X¶pw sXän-²c - n¨p ]dª {]]-©¯ - nsâ krjvSn-IÀ¯m-hmb ssZh-hpw B´-cnIhym]m-c-§sf Ipdn-¡p¶ Bßmhpw a\Êpw FÃmw ]cnIev]-\I-Ä am{X-am-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. C§s\ a\Ên-em-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn¨ Af-hp-tIm-ensâ ap¶n \n¶v "Fs¶ c£n-¡W - ta' F¶p {]mÀ°n-¡p-t¼mÄ tdmU-cn-I¯p \n¡p¶ Intem-ao-äÀ Ipän-tbmtSm ssaÂIp-än-tbmtSm "Fs¶ c£n-¡W - ta' F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. ]mhw ssa¡pän¡v F´p sN¿m³ Ign-bpw? C\n Nne ssa¡p-än-IÄ Nne-sc-sbms¡ c£n-¨n-«p-Å-Xmbn ]dªp tIÄ¡m-dp-|v. AXv Btem-Nn¨p t\m¡n-bm Nncn-¡m-sa-¶-ÃmsX \mw F´p ]dbpw? ]s£, Im¡ aeÀ¶p ]d¶ IY ASp¯ {Kma-¯n XpS-cpIXs¶ sN¿pw.

43

kn-²n-IÄ km²ytam?

tImS-Xn-I-fn Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« km£n ZrIvkm-£nbm-W.v a\p-jyÀ¡v Gähpw {][m-\s - ¸« C{µnbw I®m-W.v "Rm³ I|p' Fs¶m-cmÄ ]d-ªm AXn-\-¸p-d-t¯s¡mcp sXfnhpw \ap¡p km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn Bh-iyambn hcn-I-bn-Ã. ]t£, ZrIvkm-£n-sb-t¸mseXs¶ {][m-\-amWv kml-N-cy-s¯-fn-hp-I-fpw. AXn-\m tImSXn-bn "Rm³ I|p' Fs¶m-cmÄ ]d-ªm AXns\ km[q-I-cn-¡p¶ aäv kml-N-cy-s¯-fn-hp-IÄIqSn tNÀ ¶mte B km£n-bpsS "ImgvN'bv¡v sXfn-hnsâ km[pX D|m-hp-I-bp-Åq. "Rm\mWv sIm¶Xv' F¶v HcmÄ ]d -bp-t¼mgpw B Ipätaäp ]d¨n-enÂ, F§s\ sIm¶p, F´m-bp[wsIm|p sIm¶p, Bsc sIm¶p, FhnsS h¨p sIm¶p, Ft¸mÄ sIm¶p, F´n\p sIm¶p Fs¶Ãm-apÅ tNmZy-§Ä¡v {Ia-{]-Im-c-ap-Å, Iq«n-bn-W-¡m³ km[n-¡p¶ Xc-¯n sXfn-hp-Is - fÃmw tNÀ¶p\n¶mte Hcmsf tImS-Xn¡v Ipä-hm-fn-sb¶p Is|-¯n in£n¡mt\m Asöp Is|¯n c£n-¡mt\m Hs¡ Ignbp-I-bp-Åq. AX-ÃmsX ZrIvkm-£n-Xz-¯n\v kz´-amsbmcp AkvXn-Xz-an-Ã. t]meokv ]nSn-¡m³ h¶-t¸mÄ {]Xn sXm«-Sp¯ Ipf¯n shÅ-¯n ap§n-bn-cp-¶p. ]t£, A[n-I-t\cw AXn ap§n-bn-cn-¡m³ AbmÄ¡p Ign-bn-Ã. ImcWw AbmÄ¡p izkn-t¡-|-Xp-|v. ]t£, AXn-s\mcp D]I-cWw AbmÄ t\ct¯ Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p. HcSn \of-apÅ Hcp IpgÂ. shÅ-¯n ap§n-¡n-S¡ - p-t¼mgpw apI-fn ]c¶p InS-¡p¶ ]mb-en-\n-S-bn-eqsS Cu Ipg D]-tbmKn¨v izkn¨v AbmÄ c£-s¸«p. Cu D]m-b-¯m c£s¸« Imcyw Xsâ kplr-¯p-¡-fpsSbnS-bn AbmÄ ]d-bp-Ibpw FÃm-hÀ¡pw Cu hnZy {]tbm-P-\-I-c-sa¶p tXm¶p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A§s\ ]ecpw henb \o| Ipg-ep-IÄ hm§n shÅ-¯n-\S- n-bn Hfn-¨n-cn-¡m³ Xocpam-\n-¨p. ]t£, shÅ-¯nsâ Bg-§-fn Hfn-¨n-cp¶ 44

kn-²n-IÄ km²ytam?

]ecpw aq¶mw]¡-amWv s]m§n-b-Xv. HcSn \of-apÅ ss]¸p-ambn NmSn, shÅ-¯n-\S- n-bn Hfn-¨n-cp¶ Bfv c£-s¸-«X - p-t]mse ]¯Sn \of-apÅ Ipg D]-tbm-Kn¨ HcmÄ c£-s¸-Sn-Ã. ImcWw, DÑzm-khm-bp-hmb ImÀ_¬ssUHmIvsskUv ]¯Sn \of-apÅ Ipg-en\p ]pd-t¯¡v XÅn- t]mInÃ. AXn-\m Ipd¨p t\cw izkn¨p Ignbp-t¼mÄ Ipg-en-ep-|m-bn-cp¶ HmIvkn-P³ Xocp-Ibpw ]pdt¯¡p XÅnb ImÀ_¬ssUHmIvsskUv am{X-am-bn-¯o-cpIbpw sN¿pw. Xmgv¶n-cp-¶-bmÄ kmh-[m\w ImÀ_¬ssU HmIv s skUv am{Xw izkn¨v t_m[w- s I«v Adn- b msX acn- ¨ pt]m-Ipw. Hcp Ip« Ian-gv¯n-h-¨m \à _e-am-bn-«n-cn-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw. Imäp-]n-Sn-¡p-Itbm HSn-ªp-t]m-hp-Itbm H¶p-an-Ã. ]t£, Ip«bp-|m-¡m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ hkvXp-hnsâ _ehpw `mchpw AXnsâ hen-¸hpw A\p-k-cn¨v Hcp {]tXyI A\p-]m-X-¯n F¯n¡- g n- ª m `qan- b psS BIÀj- W - i - à n- s Im- | v , AXm- b Xv `mcwsIm|v Ip«-bpsS \Sp-shm-Snªv FÃmw XIÀ¶p hogpw.

D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ hkvXp-hnsâ _ew, `mcw, AXv aqSp¶ hnkvXoÀ®w Ch X½n-epÅ ka-Xp-e\ - a - mWv AXp-hsc B LS-\b - psS _e-ambn \n¶n-cp-¶-Xv. Cu A\p-]mXw sXäp-I-bm-sW-¦n \Sp-hn-semcp XqWp sImSp-¡p-I-b-ÃmsX asämcp coXn-bnepw AXp Xm§n \nÀ¯m³ km[y-aà - . `qan-bn-ep-|m-bn-«pÅ GXp Pohn-¡pw hkvXphn\pw Hcp-t]mse _m[-I-amb s]mXp "\nba'§fmWv taÂkq-Nn¸n¨ c|p Imcy-§Ä.

Hcp tImi-ap-|m-bm B tImi-¯n\v izkn-t¡| Bh-iyap-|v. izk\w t\cn«v AXnsâ sXmen-bn-eqsS sN¿p-¶Xv Hcp coXn-bm-Wv. tImi-§Ä {]mW-hmbp t\cn«v sXmen-bn-eqsS kzoIcn-¡p¶ Cu coXn D]-tbm-Kn-¨mWv sNdnb Pohn-If - n `qcn-]£ - hpw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu coXn-bp-]-tbm-Kn¨v Pohn-¡p¶ h|v, sNÃn, ]q¼mä XpS-§nb Pohn-I-sfÃmwXs¶ Hcp \nÝnX hen-¸-¯n-\¸p-d-t¯¡v F¯n-t¨-cn-Ã. Imc-Ww, taÂkq-Nn-¸n-¨, Ipf-¯n Bg-¯n Hfn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶, IÅsâ AhØ Gähpw B´-cn-Ia - mb tImi-§Ä¡p-|m-Ipw. AXn-\m Hcp hnam-\-¯n-sâ-b-{X -hen¸-apÅ ]q¼mä ]d-¶p-t]m-bn Fs¶mcp ZrIvkm£n ]d-ªm \mw AXv IW-¡n-se-Sp-t¡| Imcy-ta-bn-Ã. AXp-t]mseXs¶ \SpwXqWn-ÃmsX hep¸-apÅ Hcp Ipw`-tKm-]pcw km[y-aà F¶pw \½Ä I|pIgn-ªp. sNÃn, h|v apX-em-bh Ipw`-tKm-]p-c-§-fpsS BIr-Xn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¨-h-bm-Wv. AXm-b-Xv, Ah ]pd-¯pÅ FÃp-IÄ¡v _ew Iq«nbpw AI¯pÅ arZp-hmb tImi-§Ä t\cn-«v izk-\-{]-{Inb 45

a\pjycdnbm³

kzoI-cn-¨p-amWv Pohn-¨p-t]m-cp-¶-Xv. AXn-\m adn-I-S-¡m³ Ignbm¯ Cu c|v {]IrXn\nb- a - § sfbpw [n¡- c n¨psIm|p am{Xsa Hcp hnam-\-¯nsâ hen-¸-apÅ ]q¼m-äbvt¡m sNÃnt¡m ]d-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bpÅq. F¶p ]d-ªm ta¸-dª c|v ZuÀ_-ey-§sf adn-I-S-¡m³ XqWp-IÄ¡p-]-Icw \s«Ãv hn-I-kn¸n-¡p-Itbm Hmtcm tImi-§-fn-te¡pw t\cn-«pÅ izk-\-{]-{Inbbv¡p ]Icw Ipg-ep-IÄ LSn-¸n¨v Hcp ]¼pknÌw D|m¡n Hmtcm tImi-¯nepw Poh-hmbp F¯n-¡p¶ lrZ-bhpw Rc-¼pIfpw tNmc-bp-apÅ coXn kzoI-cn-¡pI-tbm- sNbvXmte hnam-\-kZr-i-amb henb Hcp ]q¼mä D|m-hp-I-bp-Åq. AÃmsX Hcp ZrIvkm£n Rm³ I|p F¶p ]d-ªm AXv IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡m\m-hn-Ã. C\n, Cu coXn-Is - f-Ãm-ap-]t- bm-Kn¨v hnam-\t- ¯mfw hfÀs¶¶n-cn-¡-s«, AXv Hcn-¡epw ]d-¡-n-Ã. ImcWw, AXnsâ kz´w `mcw s]m¡m-³ _e-apÅ akn-ep-IÄ AXn-\n-Ã. C\n, AXnsâ Nnd-Ip-IÄ¡v _eap-|m-bm¯s¶, B Nnd-Ip-If - psS `mc¯m AXn\v ]ns¶ ]d-¡mt\ Ign-bnÃ.

C§s\ `qan-bnse kzm`m-hnI \nb-a-§-fm ]cn-an-X-s¸«v AXnsâ hntÑ-Z-§Ä hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-bn D|m¡n Hcp Pohnbn¯s¶ FÃm km[y-X-Ifpw Htc ka-b¯v CW-¡m³ Hcn¡epw Ign-bn-Ã. AXn-\m ico-c-¯n\v `mcw Ipd-¨p-sIm|p am{X-amWv ]£n-IÄ ]d-¡p-¶-Xv. Gähpw hen-¸-apÅ ]£n-¡pt]mepw `mcw hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cn-¡pw. AXn-\m `qan-bn hymfnIÄ Hcn-¡epw ]d-¶n«n-Ã, hymfn-¡-Y-IÄ [mcmfw temI-¯p-|mbmepw. BIm-i¯pIqSn ]d¶pt]mb Hscmä a\p-jy\pw D|mIm³ km[y-aà - , AXn-\m kn²-•mÀ km[y-aà - . Rm³ I|p F¶v HcmÄ ]d-ªm CW-¡n-t¨À¡m³ Ign-bp¶ sXfn-hp-IÄ \nc¯m³ AbmÄ¡v _m²y-X-bp-|v. Adn-hnsâ tImS-Xn-bn Cu ZrIvkm-£n-bpsS samgn \ne-\n¡n-Ã.

46

kn-²n-IÄ km²ytam?

47

KpkvXn-]n-Sn-¡p¶ `qJ-WvU-§Ä

Hä-t\m-«-¯n bpàn-c-ln-X-sa¶p tXm¶p¶ [mcmfw Imcy-§Ä Pohn-I-fmb \msaÃmw sN¿m-dp-|v. A-Xnsâ {]tbm-P\wt]mepw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ hnj-a-am-Wv. DZm-l-cW-¯n\v B{^n-¡³ Xoc¯p\n¶v Ata-cn-¡³ Xoc¯v F¯n-t¨À¶v Ahn-Ss¯ IS-¸p-d¯v ap«-bn«v XncnsI B{^n-¡-bn F¯n-t¨-cp¶ ISem-a-I-fp-|v. c|m-bncw ssa AI-se-bpÅ Xoc-¯mWv C§s\ ap«-bn-Sp¶ sXt¶mÀ¡-Ww. XncnsIh¶v Pohn¡msa¶m-tem-Nn-¡p¶- X m- I s« ho|pw c|m- b ncw ssa AIsebpÅ B{^n-¡³ Xoc-¯pw. Fs´mcp bpàn-bm-WnXv? F´p {]tbm-P-\w? ]¯n-cp-¶qdp hÀjw imkv{X-Ú-cp-sS-bnS-bn Hcp {]tl-fn-It- ]mse \n¶ Cu Ba-kz-`m-h¯ - nsâ ImcWw shfn-s¸-«Xv `qan-bpsS hfsc Akm-[m-cW - a - mb Hcp {]hÀ¯-\s¯ a\-Ên-em-¡n-b-t¸m-gm-Wv. B{^n-¡-bp-sSbpw Ata-cn-¡-bp-sSbpw `q]-S-§Ä I| HcmÄ CXv X½n tNÀ¯m Htct]mse tNcpw F¶p tXm¶n AXv tNÀ¯p-h¨ - t- ¸mÄ \à CW-¡a - p-|mbn. IuXp-I-¯n\v AbmÄ aäp-Å-h-sbÃmw CXp-t]mse tNÀ¯p tNÀ¯v t\m¡p-t¼mÄ Ch-sbÃmw H¶n¨p tNÀ¯p \nÀ¯m³ ]äp¶ Xc-¯n Hcp henb `qJWvU¯ - nsâ km[yX I|p. \man¶p ImWp¶ `qJ-WU v §Ä H¶n¨p InS-¶-Xm-sW¶pw Ah ]n¶oSv AI-¶pt]m-b-Xm-sW¶pw ]e-Xcw sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\¯n AbmÄ kaÀ°n-¡p-I-bp-|m-bn. BZy-Im-e¯v C¯-c-sam-c-dnhv Iq«-¨n-cn-IÄ¡pw Ifn-bm-¡e - p-IÄ¡pw Imc-W-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p. C§s\ kw`-hn-¡m³ Hcp km[yX-bp-an-Ã, ImcWw, Dd¨ `qan F§s\ A\§pw? AXn\m Nncn¨p XÅpI am{Xta \nÀÆm-la - p-|m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. ]t£ B{^n-¡b - n-epÅ sNSn-Is - fbpw ]£n-Is - f-bpw bqtdm-¸n-epÅ sNSn-Is - fbpw ]£n-Is - fbpw arK§sfbpw ]än-bp-Å ]T-\-§-sf-¯p-SÀ¶v Ah-bpsS kmay-§fpw hyXy-kvXX-Ifpw IqSp-X IqSp-X shfn-s¸-«p-h-¶48

KpkvXn-]n-Sn-¡p¶ `qJ-WvU-§Ä

t¸mÄ `qJ-WvU-§Ä AI¶p t]mIp¶ Cu kn²m´w ]p\-x]-cntim-[-\bv¡v hnt[-b-am-bn. am{X-a-Ã, `qan-bpsS DÄ`mK¯n-s\-¸än-bpÅ Adn-hp-IÄ ]e-Xcw Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fm IqSp-X IqSp-X shfn-s¸-«p-h-cp-¶p-|m-bn-cp-¶p. AXnsâ shfn-¨-¯n `qan-bpsS DÅn hfsc {Zh-cq-]-¯n-epÅ Hcp `mK-ap-s|¶pw AXn\v Bh-c-W-ambn Hcp tXmSp-t]mse AXm-bXv Hmd-©nsâ ]pdw-tXm-Sp-t]m-se-bpÅ H¶mWv \½Ä Dd¨ `qan F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ `mKw F¶pw a\-Ên-em-bn. Cu tXmSm-Is« GI-tZiw ]Xn-¶m-en-tesd Ij-W-§-fmbn Hcp ap«-t¯mSv s]m«n-b-t]mse s]m«n-¸n-fÀ¶m-Wncn-¡p-¶-Xv. `qan-bpsS tI{µ-Øe - ¯v Ccp-¼n-\m \nÀ½n-Xa - mb Hcp henb D|-bp-s|¶pw AXn\p Npän\pw {Zh-cq-]-¯n-epÅ "emh' F¶p \½Ä hnfn-¡p¶ "amÜ' Ds|¶pw AXn-\p-Npäpw tXmSp-t]mse Dd¨ `qan-bp-s|¶pw C¶v \-ap-¡d - n-bmw. `qan-bpsS ]nWvUh - p-ambn X«n-¨p-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ hfsc I«n-Ip-dª Hcp tXmSmWv Cu Dd-¨`qan F¶p ImWm-sa-¦nepw a\p-jy-i-co-c-hp-ambn X«n-¨p-t\m-¡pt¼mÄ Cu ]pdw-tXmSv hfsc L\-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. Cu tXmSm-Is« DcpIn-¡n-S-¡p¶ amÜ-bn-ep-|m-Ip¶ AXn-`o-I-c-amb aÀ±-¯n\pw XÅ-en\pw hnt[-b-ambn At§m-«p-an-t§m«pw D´nbpw XÅn-bpamWv apgp-h³ ka-bhpw Ccn-¡p-¶-Xv. C§s\ D´nbpw XÅn-bpan-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ hÀ²n-X-ambn hcp¶ DuÀÖw _lnÀK-an-¡p-¶Xns\ \mw A\p-`h - n-¡p-¶Xv `qan-Ip-ep-¡a - m-bm-W.v Cu IjW-§Ä At§m-«p-an-t§m«pw XÅp-t¼mÄ H¶v H¶nsâ Iogn-te¡v \nc-§n¡-b-dp-t¼mÄ D|m-Ip¶ {]Ir-Xn-{]-Xn-`m-k-amWv Aán-]ÀÆ-X§Ä. \nc§n IqSp-X AI-t¯¡v Ib-dp-t¼mÄ, D|mb Aán]ÀÆXw AWªp t]mhp-Ibpw Ipd-¨-I-se-bmbn asäm¶v cq]s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿pw. C¯cw {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä \S-¡p¶ `qhn-`m-K¯n N§-e-¡-®n-IÄt]mse H¶n-\p-]p-dsI H¶mbn tImSn-¡W-¡n\p hÀj-§ÄsIm|mWv Aán-]ÀÆ-X-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¶ -sX¶v \ap-¡n¶p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. AXp-t]mse c|v `qJ-WvU §Ä X½n-ep-´p-t¼mÄ Htc-t]m-se-bmWv AXnsâ {]X-e-§Ä F¦n Hs¶m-¶n-\-Sn-bn-te¡v XÅn-¡-b-dp-¶-Xn\p ]Icw c|pw IqSn H¶n¨p apI-fn-te¡p-b-cp-I-bmWv ]Xnhv. C§s\ kw`-hn¡p-¶-Xn-s\-bmWv h³]ÀÆ-X-\n-c-I-fmbn \mw ImWp-¶-Xv. B{^n¡bpw Gjybpw X½n-epÅ Cu KpkvXn-]n-Sp-¯-amWv BÂ]vkv F¶ ]ÀÆ-X-\n-c-IÄ D|m-Im³ Imc-Ww. C´y, Gjy-bnÂs¸-Sp¶-Xm-sW¶v C¶v \½Ä ]d-bp-sa-¦nepw B{^n-¡-bpsS Ingt¡ Xoc¯p\n¶v bm{X Xncn¨v Gjy-bpsS ]Å`mK¯v aq¡p-sIm-|n49

a\pjycdnbm³

Sn¨p Ib-dn-b-t¸mÄ D|m-b-XmWv lnam-e-bhpw Sn_-ä³ ]oT-`q-anbpw. hÀj-¯n ct|m aqt¶m C©v Dbcwh¨v lnam-ebw hf-cpI-bm-Wv. C¯cw {]Xn-`m-k-§Ä a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn X«n¨p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ e£-¡-W-¡n\pw tImSn-¡-W-¡n\pw hÀj-§Ä sIm|mWv kw`-hn-¡p-¶-sX¶p ImWmw. AXn-\m lnam-e-b¯nsâ hfÀ¨- t\m¡n-s¡m-|n-cp-¶m H¶pw ImWn-Ã. ]t£, kq£va-amb B[p-\nI Afhpb{´§-fm CXv a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bpw.

Hcp ae- DbÀ¶p-Xp-S-§p-t¼mÄ AXns\ XpS¨p\o¡m³ IgnhpÅ aq¶v Imcy-§Ä DS-\Sn {]hÀ¯n¨p XpS-§pw. Imäpw agbpw aªp-am-Wh - . CS-b¡ v n-Sb - ¡ v m-sW-¦nepw hfsc ià-ambn CS-s] -Sp¶ asäm-¶mWv `qan-Ip-ep-¡w. hf-cp¶ ae IptdsÈ sNdp-Xm-bns¡m-|n-cn-¡pI F¶ {]{Inb Cu \mep LS-I§fpw Hs¯m-cp-an¨v {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-em-Wv. AXn-\m ae-bpsS hfÀ¨ \n¶pt]m-bmÂ, AXm-bXv B´-cn-I-aÀ±-¯nsâ hyXn-bm-\-¯n ]c -k] v cw XÅp¶ {]{Inb asämcp Xc-¯n-em-bmÂ, cq]w-sIm| Cu ae kmh-[m\w tImSn-¡-W-¡n\p hÀj-§ÄsIm-|v CÃm-Xm-hpIbpw sN¿pw. `qanbp-|mbn \m¶q-ä¼ - X - ptImSn hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån `qJ-WvU-§Ä ASp-¡p-Ibpw AI-ep-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Cu {]{Inb aq¶p {]mh-iyw kw`-hn¨n-«p-|v. Gähpw Ah-km\w H¶n-¨p-\n¶ `qan-bpsS t]À ]m³Pnb F¶m-W.v ]Xn-aq¶p tImSn-hÀjw ap¼mWv `qJ-WU v § - Ä AI-¶p-Xp-S§ - n-bX - .v A¶mWv C¶v \mw AävemânIv F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ IS-ep-|m-Im³ Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. AXp- t ]mseXs¶ `qan- b psS c|p JWv U - § Ä X½n KpkvXn-]n-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ H¶v H¶n\p Iogn-te¡v \nc-§n-¡-b-dp¶XpsIm|v `qan-bpsS DÅnte¡-p IbdnbXv amÜ-bmbn cq]m -´cw kw`-hn-¡pw. Cu {]{Inb Ign-ª-Im-ew Adnbm-\pÅ imkv{X-¯nsâ At\z-j-W-¯nsâ ap\-sbm-Sn¡p¶ H¶m-Wv. ]|p-Im-e¯v t^mkn-ep-I-fmbn amdnb sNSn-IÄ, Pohn-IÄ F¶nhsb ]Tn-¨mWv \mw ]cn-WmaNcn{Xw \nÀ½n-¡p-¶Xv. amÜ-bm-bn -am-dp¶ Cu {]{Inb B sXfn-hp-Isf \ntÈjw XpS-¨p-\o-¡pw.

CsXmcp Xocm-\-jvS-am-Wv. AI-ep¶ c|v JWvU-§-fpsS \SphnÂ\n¶pw amÜ ]pd-t¯¡p h¶v L\o-`-hn¨v ]md-bmbn amdpw.

CXv IqSp-Xepw kw`-hn-¡m-dp-ÅXv IS-en-\-Sn-bn-em-Wv. B{^n-¡³ J-WvUhpw Ata-cn-¡³J-WvUhpw X½n-e-I-ep¶ Aäv-emânIv ISen-\-Sn-bnepÅ IS¯d C§s\ ]pd-t¯¡p XÅn-h-cp-¶Xv \ap-¡n-t¸mÄ ImWm-\m-Ipw. C¯-c¯ - n Aán-]ÀÆ-X§ - f - p-|m-hp-Ibpw CÃm-Xm-hp-Ib - pw ae-I-fp-|m-hp-Ibpw CÃm-Xm-hp-I-bpw IS-ep-IÄ D|m-hp-Ibpw 50

KpkvXn-]n-Sn-¡p¶ `qJ-WvU-§Ä

CÃm-Xm-hp-I-bpw ASp¯p InS¶ `qJ-WvU-§Ä AI¶pt]mhpI-bpw AI-¶p-t]m-bh ASp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ `qJ-WvU-§-fpsS bm{X-bmWv ta¸-dª Ba-bpsS ap«-bn-S-ense bpàn-cm-ln-Xy¯n\p¯cw. tImSn¡-W-¡n\p hÀj-§Ä¡pap³]v Hcp henb Bdnsâ A¡-sc-t¸mbn ap«-bn«v XncnsI h¶p-sIm-|n-cp¶ BabmWv ]Xp-s¡-¸X - ps¡ AI-¶p-t]mb `qJ-WU v § - f - psS C¶s¯ AI-e-amb c|m-bncw ssa Xm|n ap«-bn-Sp-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn¯o-cp-¶-Xv. ]Xn-s\m-¶p-tImSn hÀjw ap¼mWv Ba-I-Ä ]cn-Wma-]-c-ambn hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp hÀ¤-sa-¶-\n-e-bn \ne-\n¸m-cw`n-¡p-¶-Xv. ap«- I-«p-Xn-¶p¶ Blm-cn-I-fpsS F®w A¡-sc Xmc-X-tay\ -Ip-d-hm-b-Xn-\m AhnsS ap«-bn-Sp-¶Xv kpc-£n-X-amsW¶ t_m[-amWv C¶s¯ A´w In«m¯ Cu bm{X-bpsS bpàn. kwkvIr-X-¯n ae-Isf "ANew' AXm-bXv Nen-¡m-¯Xv F¶mWp hnfn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. Cu AN-e-am-b-Xn Dd-¨n-cp¶v [ym\n¨v shfn-s¸« Imcy-§f - m-WtÃm D]-\n-j¯ - p-¡fpw thZ-hp-sa-Ãmw. C¶v Cu Dd¨ Ccn-¸nSw hf-cp-Ibpw ]c-¡p-Ibpw \ofp-Ibpw CÃm-Xmhp-Ibpw Hs¡ sN¿p¶ H¶m-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-¡-gn-ªp.

Xsâ kz´w Ccn-¸nSw Dcp|p Ifn-¡p-¶-Xm-sW¶v a\-Ên-em¡m¯ Ejn-bpsS Is|-¯-ep-IÄ Atlm,`b-¦-cw... Bk\w Dd-¸n-¡m³ tbmKn-IÄ ITn-\-bXv\w sN¿m-dp-|v. CXn-s\ms¡ \msa´p ]d-bm-\m-Wv? `qan-bpsS D]-cn-Xew aq¶n c|p `mKw ISepw _m¡n Ic-bpam-bmWv \mw a\-Ên-em-¡mdpÅ-Xv. `qan-bpsS tI{µ¯n-te¡v 6378 Intem-ao-äÀ AXnsâ D]-cn-X-e-¯nÂ\n¶v Zqc-ap-|v. \½psS "AKm['amb IS-ensâ Bg-am-Is« Gähpw IqSp-Xe - p-ÅXv ]k-^n¡v I-S-en-epÅ adn-bm\ s{S©n-emWv, AXm-Is« F«p Intemaoädn Nnezm-\-am-Wv. _m¡n 6370þDw "Ic-'bm-Wv. C{X Bg-an-Ãm¯ Hcp tkmk-dnse shůn-s\-bmWv kmK-c-sa¶pw Bgn-sb-¶psams¡ ]dªv ]|pÅhÀ \½sf "shÅ-'¯n-em-¡n-b-Xv. Hcp hyàn-sb¶ \ne-bn \ap¡v Bgn Bg-ap-ÅX - p-Xs - ¶, ]t£, ap³ ]p-Åh - À AÚ-Xb - m `b¶ Bgn-bà C¶v \ap-¡p-ÅX - ,v A´À hm-l\ - nbnepw I¸-enepw Ibdn DÃm-kb - m-{X-bv¡mbn hnl-cn-¡p¶ CS-am-Wv. ]|p-Im-e¯v IS-ensâ Bg-§-fn `b-¦c `oam-Im-c-Pohn-IÄ Hfn-¨n-cn-¸p-s|¶ IY-IÄ [mcmfw \½Ä tI«n-«p|v. C¶p \ap-¡-dnbmw Gähpw `oam-Im-c- Pohnbmb \oe¯nanw-Kew kap-{Z¯nsâ D]-cn-X-e-§-fn-emWv Pohn-¡p-¶-sX¶pw Bg-¯n-te¡p t]mIp-t´mdpw AXn-I-Tn-\-amb aÀ±-¯m Pohn-IÄ sNdp-Xm-bns¨-dp-Xmbn Ah-km\w I®nÂs¸-Sm¯ Hcp s]mSn-tbm-fa - m-bn-¯o51

a\pjycdnbm³

cp-sa-¶pw. ]t£, a\p-jy-cpsS kzm`m-hn-I-hn-izmkw IS-ensâ Bg-§-fn h³Po-hn-IÄ Hfn-¨n-cn-¸p-s|-¶m-bn-cp-¶p. IS-en-\Snbnse aÀ±-§-sf-¸-än-bpÅ Adn-hn-Ãm-bva-bm-Wv A¯cw "Adnhp' IfpsS ASn-Øm-\-am-bn-cp-¶-Xv. C§s\, Pohsâ {]{Inb-Isf AXnsâ ss\c-´-cy¯n Iq«n-bn-W¡n a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ {]{Inb-bv¡mWv \mw ]cn-Wma imkv{Xw F¶p ]d-bp-¶X - v. Cu XpSÀ¨ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bmsX hcp-¶-Xp-sIm-|mWv ]eXpw \½Ä¡v AÛp-X-§-fmbn Ah-tijn¡p-¶-Xv. hnhn[ X«p-I-fmbn \S-¡p¶ amä-§sf Iq«n-bn-W¡n a\-Ên-em-¡m³ F{X-t¯mfw \ap¡v Ign-bptam A{X-t¯mfw AtÚ-bX - I - fpw Ahy-àX - I - fpw amdn-¡n-«pw. ]|p-Im-e¯v Cu Ahy-à-X-IÄ ]e-Xcw A`yq-l-§-fm \nd-bv¡p-I-sb¶ {]b -Xv\-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p an¡ kwkvIm-c-§fpw hym]r-X-am-bn-cp-¶-Xv. AX- à msX asämcp t]mwh- g nbpw AhÀ¡n- à m- b n- c p¶p F¶ bmYmÀ°yhpw D|v. AXpsIm|v C¶p imkv{Xo-b-ambn Nn´n¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Htc kabw c|p Imcy-§Ä sNt¿-|n-h-cpw. H¶v, \ne-hn-en-cn-¡p¶ temI-ho-£-W-§Ä¡v ASn-Øm-\-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ A`yq- l - § - s fbpw A½q½- ¡ - Y - I - s fbpw "IY'Ifmbn¯s¶ Im-Wm³ ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡pI, c|v, bYmÀ°-¯n \S-¶Xv hc-¨pIm-«p-I. Ch c|pw ITn-\-bXv\§ÄXs¶-bmWv, ImcWw KrlmXp-cX - t - bmsS ]ucm-Wn-II - Y - I - f - n apdp-sI-¸n-Sn-¡pI a\p-jyÀ¡v kl-P-hm-k\bm-Wv; H¸wXs¶ Cu IYIfpsS DXv]-¶-ambn cq]s¸« hniz-mk-{]-am-W-§fpw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-§fpw kmwkvIm-cnI Øm]-\-§fpw Bcp-sS-sb-¦nepw A¶w Is|-¯p¶ CS-ambn amdn-¡g - n-ªn«ps|¦n AhÀ Cu {ias¯ \J-in-Jm´w FXnÀ ¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw.

52

AXn-cp-t_m-[hpw kzXz-t_m-[hpw

\mw Hcp bm{Xbv¡p t]mhp-Ib - m-sW¶p Icp-Xp-I. _kv Ìmân sN¶v Bcpw Ib-dn-bn-«n-Ãm¯ Hcp _Ên Ib -dp-¶p. sskUn-epÅ P\m-ebv¡p kao]w Ccn-¡p-¶p. asäm-cmÄ Ib-dp-¶p. Ib-dnb BÄ an¡-t¸mgpw \½-fn \n¶v -A-I-se-bpÅ asämcp P\-e-cn-In-epÅ koän-en-cn¡p-¶p. ]n¶mse Ib-dp¶ Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw aäp-Å-h-cn \n¶-I-se-bpÅ P\Âkoäp-I-fn Hs¶m-¶mbn Ccn-¡p¶p. Ah-km\w P\Âkoäp-IÄ e`n-¡m¯ BÄ Npäpsam¶p It®m-Sn¨v Hcm-fn-cn-¡p¶ koän an¡-t¸mgpw \Sp¡p Øean«v Ccn-¡p¶ coXn-bn Ccp¶p XpS-§pw. c|p-t]À am{X-apÅ koäm-sW-¦n AbmÄ ASp-¯n-cn¡p-¶p-|m-Imw. ]t£, `qcn-]£w t]cpw aq¶p t]À¡ncn-¡mhp¶ koän \Sp¡v Øe-an«v Ccn-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw. C¯-c-¯n koäp-IÄ \ndªp Ign-ªmÂ, ]n¶oSp Ib-dp¶ HcmÄ am{Xta \Sp¡v Ccn-¡m³ XpS-§p-Ibp-Åq.

C§s\ koäp- I - s fÃmw Hs¶m- ¶ mbn kmh- [ m\w \nd-bp-¶p. C§s\ \nd-bp¶ {]{In-bbv¡p ]Icw \mamZyw Ibdn Hcp koän Hä-bv¡n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ, c|m-aXp Ibdnb BÄ t\sc \½p-sS-b-Sp¯p h¶v \½-sf-bp-cp-½nbn-cp-¶m Adn-bmsX \ap¡v CuÀjybpw tZjyhpw hcpw. AXv Bcpw Aev]-sa-¦nepw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡mXncn-¡mdn-Ã. "CbmÄ¡v asä§pw Øe-antÃ? C{X-b-Sp¯p h¶v C§-s\ Ccn-¡m³'F¶p \½p-sS-bp-Ån tXm¶pIXs¶ sN¿pw. sXm«-Sp¯ koäv AbmÄ dnkÀÆv sNbvXX - m-sW¦n am{Xta \ap-¡Xv AwKo-Ic - n-¡m³ Ign-bq. At¸mÄ t]mepw aq¶m-as - Xm-cmÄ hcp-¶X - n\pap¼v C{Xbpw sXm«pcp-½n-bn-cn-t¡| Bh-iy-apt|m F¶pw tXm¶pw. Hcp IS¶pIbäw \ap¡p A\p-`h - s - ¸-SpIXs¶ sN¿pw. Cu A\p-`hw Hcp coXn-b-e-sÃ-¦n asämcp coXn-bn PohnX-¯nsâ FÃm {]hÀ¯-\-ta-J-e-bnepw \½Ä A\p-`-hn¡p-¶p-|m-Ipw. CXns\ \ap¡v "AXn-cp-t_m[w' F¶p 53

a\pjycdnbm³

hnfn-¡mw. Poh-\pÅ FÃm Pohn-IÄ¡pw DÅ kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb Hcp AXnÀ¯nt_m[-amWv Cu AXn-cp-t_m-[w. Hcp-X-c-¯n ]dªm Pohsâ {][m\ e£-W-amWv Cu AXn-cp-t_m-[w.

C\n ta¸-dª _Ên-te¡v ho|pw hcmw. \mw Ahn-sS-bncn-¡p-t¼mÄ c|m-aXp Ib-dn-bXv \½psS Gähpw ASp¯ _Ôphm- s W- ¶ n- c n- ¡ - s «, AbmÄ AI- s e- b pÅ Hcp P\Âkoän t]mbn-cp-¶m \ap¡v ISp¯ AXr-]vXnbpw \oc-khpw tXm¶pw.

Imcy-§s - fm¶pw icn-bs - Ã-¶pw AbmÄ¡v \½-tfmSv Ft´m hntcm[-aps|¶pw tXm¶pw. hfsc Akz-Øa - mb \nan-j§ - f - m-bn-cn¡pw \½Ä A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. t]sc-Sp¯p hnfn¨v \½p-sS-bSp¯p h¶n-cn-¡m³ \mw Abm-tfm-Sm-hi - y-s¸-Spw. CXpw ta¸-dª Pohsâ AXn-cp-t_m[w \nan-¯-ap-|m-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv. \½p-tSsX¶v \mw IcpXp-¶Xv \½psS AXnÀ¯n¡pÅn-em-bn-cn-¡-Ww. AXv {]I-S-ambn ImWp¶ coXn-bn-epw kq£vaa - mbn \½psS t_m[-aW - vUe - ¯ - nepw Hcpt]mse {]hÀ¯n-¡pw. Cu AXnÀ¯nt_m[wsIm|mWv \½-psS Aѳ, aI³, _Ôp, hoSv, IpSpw-_w, {Kmaw, PmXn, aXw, hÀ¤w, cmjv{Sw FÃmw D|m-Ip-¶-Xv. \½p-tS-sX¶v Icp-Xp-¶-Xns\ AXnÀ¯n-¡p-Ånepw AXn\p ]pd-¯p-Å-sXÃmw A\yhpw A\y-cp-ambn ImWp¶ coXn FÃm Pohn-IÄ¡pw kzm`m-hn-Ia - m-W.v Cu kzm`m-hnI AXncpt_m[-amWv FÃm kl-I-c-W-¯n-sâbpw \nÊ-l-I-c-W-¯n-sâbpw ImXÂ.

PmXn-sImt|m aXwsImt|m hÀ¤wsImt|m cmjv{SwsImt|m Aà \½Ä kl-I-cn-¡p-¶Xpw t]mcm-Sp-¶Xpw. adn¨v \½Äþ\½ptS-Xv, A\yÀþA\y-cp-tSXv F¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ Cu AXnÀ¯nt_m[wsIm|m-Wv. Cu AXnÀ¯nt_m[w PmXn-bp-tS-tbm, aX ¯n-tâ-tbm, hÀ¤-¯n-tâ-tbm, cmjv{S-¯n-sâtbm, `mj-bp-sStbm, hÀ®-¯n-sâtbm, thj-`q-jm-Zn-I-fp-sStbm, enwK-¯n-sâtbm, {]mb-¯n-sâtbm F¶Ã GXp cq]-¯nepw {]Xy-£s - ¸-Smw. \½Äþ AhÀ F¶ Xcw-Xn-cnhv Pohnt_m-[-¯n-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. ho|pw \ap¡v B _Ên-te¡p hcmw. _Ên Xnc¡p IqSn¯p-S§ - n. Ign-bp-¶Xpw AI-¶I - ¶p\n¶-hÀ ASp¯phcpw. \½psSbpw A\y-cp-sSbpw AXnÀ¯n-IÄ sRcp§n hcp-¶X - n-\\ - p-kc - n¨v _Ên-\I - s¯ CuÀjybpw \oc-khpw hÀ²n¨psIm|n-cn-¡p-¶Xv \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. CXn-s\mcp ]cn-[n-bp-|v. B ]cn[n Ihn-bp-t¼mÄ _Ênse bm{X-¡mÀ apdp-ap-dp-¡p-Ibpw _Êv DS³ Xs¶ hn«p-t]m-I-W-sa¶pw C\n Btcbpw Ib-tä| F¶pw H¶S¦w _lfwh¨p XpS-§pw. Cu sRcp-¡w, kplr-¯p-¡-fmb Bfp-IÄ DÃm-k-bm-{X-bv¡mbn Hcp _Ên Ib-dn-bm ck-Ichpw A\y-cm-sW-¦n shdp-¸p-fh - m-¡p-¶X - mbpw \ap¡p ImWmw. 54

AXn-cp-t_m-[hpw kzXz-t_m-[hpw

kplr-¯p-¡f - m-bm aSn-bnÂ]n-Sn-¨n-cp-¯p-II - qSn sN¿pw. A\y-cm s - W-¦n tZl¯v Dcp-½n-bmÂXs¶ hnbÀ¸-p\m-äa - S- n-¡p-¶X - mbpw H«p-¶-Xmbpw tXm¶n hÃm¯ CuÀjy A\p-`-hs¸Spw. CXnseÃmwXs¶bpw ta¸-dª \½Ä, AhÀ F¶ AXn-cp-t_m[w Xs¶-bmWv {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶X - .v C{Xbpw Xnc-¡pÅ _Ên Ab-e -¯p-Im-cs\ kvt\ln¡psa¶v I¨-sI«n\n¡p¶ ]ptcm-ln-X³ t]mepw Imen \nc-´c - w N-hn«pIn«n-bmÂ, BZyw Hcp-]t£, £am -]qÀÆw Nhn-«-cp-sX¶p ]d-ªmepw ho|pw Nhn«pIn«n-bm £a \oc-k¯ - n\pw ]n¶s¯ Nhn«v tZjy-{]-IS- \ - ¯ - nepw AXn-\p-tijw s]m«n-s¯-dn-bnepw Iem-in-¡pw. At¸mÄ kl-bm-{Xn-IÀ km[mc-Wb - mbn ]d-bm-dpÅ Hcp hcn-bp-|v, "C{X kln-¡m³ hs¿-¦n Imdp ]nSn¨p t]mIWw'. ]n¶s¯ ]qcw ]d-tb-|-Xn-Ã-tÃm.

C§s\, XpS-¡¯ - n Ie-ln¨p \nev¡p¶ _kvbm{X-¡m-cnÂ, bm{X XpS-§p-¶tXmsS "\½Ä _kv bm{X-¡mÀ' F¶ Hcp t_m[cq-]o-I-cWw kw`-hn-¡pw. Hcp ]cn-N-bhpansÃ-¦nepw PmXn, aX, hÀ¤, cmjv{Sob, hnZym-`ymk, {]mb, enwK hyXym-k-§ÄsIm|v ]c-k] v cw t]mcm-Sm³ X¿m-dm-bn-cp¶ Iq«-cmWv Cu ]pXnb "_kv bm{X-¡mÀ' F¶ AXn-cp-t_m-[-¯n H¶n-¨p-Iq-Sp-¶-Xv. C§s\ bp|m-Ip¶ Cu AXn-cp-t_m-[¯ - m aäp-Åh - À Ib-dp-¶Xv A\ph-Zn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw Hs¯m-cp-a-bpÅ Hcp Iq«-ambn {]hÀ¯n¡m\pw Cu AXn-cp-t_m[w klm-bn-¡pw. AXv \½psS _Êv FXnsc hcp¶ _Êp-ambn H¶v Iq«n-bpcÊpt¼mÄ c|v _Ên-epap-Åh - À At§m-«p-an-t§m«pw No¯ ]d-bp-¶X - n-te-¡p-hsc F¯pw.

C§s\ ]p¯³ AXn-cp-t_m-[§ - Ä cq]-s¸-Sm-\pw ]g-bXv ZpÀ_e-am-Im\pw hyXy-kvX-amb AXn-cp-t_m-[-§Ä Htckabw t]dm \psaÃmw Pohsâ Cu AXn-cp-t_m[w Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p. hyàn-IÄ tNÀ¶v kaqlw cq]-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh-¶mWv IqSp-X-emfp-Ifpw hnNm-cn-¡p-¶X - v. F¶m Im«n-se-hn-sS-sb-¦nepw Häbv¡p P\n¨v ]c-k] v cw I|p-ap«n Hcp kaq-lhpw Hcn-¡epw D|m-bn-«n-Ã.

ImcWw, hyàn-If - mbn Bcpw P\n-¡p-¶n-Ã. P\n-¡p-¶Xv XoÀ¯pw ZpÀ_-e-cmb Ip«n-I-fm-bn-«m-Wv. Npcp-§n-b-]£w ASp¯ Hcp ]Xn-s\«phÀj-sa-¦nepw `£-Whpw ]cn-N-c-Whpw \ÂImsX Hcmfpw hyàn-bmbn cq]-s¸-Sp-I-bn-Ã. kaq-l-sa¶p ]d-ªm Htc kabw ZpÀ_-e-cmb Ipªp-§ÄsXm«v Ah-i-cmb hr²-P\-§Ähsc-bpÅ ]e X«p-If - n-embn Pohn-¡p¶ a\p-jy-cpsS Iq«mbva-bm-Wv. \mw tKm{X-§-fnte P\n-¨n-«p-Åq. C¶pw Cu tKm{XkzXzw Ipew, IpSpw-_w, PmXn F¶o kzXz-t_m-[-§-fmbn XpS-cp -I-bm-Wv. 55

Irjn-bpsS I|p]n-Sn¯hpw \K-c-cq-]o-I-cWhpw

GXm|v ]Xn- \ m- b ncw hÀj- § Ä¡pap³]v a²y- [ - c Wym-gn {]tZ-i-¯mWv a\p-jyÀ Irjn I|p-]n-Sn-¨-Xv. AXn\ptij-amWv AXp-hsc sXt¡m«pw hS-t¡m«pw Ing-t¡m«pw ]Snªm-tdm«pw EXp-¡-fpsS amä-¯n-\-\p k - c - n¨v aäv Poh-Pm-e§ - s - f-t¸mse `qan-bn `£Ww tXSn \S-¶n-cp¶ a\p-jyÀ Hcp {]tZ-i-¯p"Imcm'bXv. sIm«mc-¡c - "- ¡mÀ', tImgn-t¡m-«p-"ImÀ', I®q-cp-"ImÀ', Xncp-h\ - ´-]p-cw-"ImÀ'. FÃm "Imcp'Ifpw D|m-bXv C§s\ Irjnbn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Pohn-X-ap-|m-b-Xn\p tij-am-Wv. a\p-jy-cpsS Gähpw henb I|p-]n-Sp-¯-§-fn-sem¶mWv Irjn. Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-sa¶ \ne-bn kpe-`-amb Blmck¼m-Z-\-¯n\v hgn-sbm-cp-¡p-¶-Xp-hgn \½psS F®hpw AXn-io{Lw hÀ²n-¡p-hm³ AXv CS-h-cp-¯n. \Zo-Xo-c-§-fn DS-se-Sp¯ FÃm a\p-jy-kw-kvIm-c-¯n s - âbpw Dd-hnSw Cu Irjn F¶p ]d-bp¶ kmt¦-XnIhnZybpsS hnP-b-¯m-em-Wv. CXv Htc-k-abw a\p-jy-hÀ¤ ¯nsâ IpXn-¨p-Nm-«¯ - n\v CSw \ÂIn-sb-¦nepw `qansb hÃmsX XIÀ¯p-I-f-ªp. C{X-b-[nIw ]mcn-Øn-Xn-Iamb \miw hcp-¯n-h¨ asämcp kmt¦-Xn-Ih - n-Zybpw a\p -jyÀ I|p-]n-Sn-¨n-«n-Ã. AhÀ X§nb CS-§-fn-seÃmw h³tXm-Xn ]mcn-Øn-Xn-I-\miw hc-¯-¡-co-Xn-bn ac-§Ä sh«n-sh-fp-¸n¨v I¯n¨v Nmc-am¡n Irjn Bcw-`n -¡p-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. a\p-jy-\nÀ½nX acp-`q-an-I-fpsS Bcw`w Cu Irjn-bnÂ\n-¶m-Wv. ImÀjn-I-hr-¯n-bn BSp-Ifpw amSp-Ifpw IS-¶p-h-¶-t¸mÄ Cu {]{In-bbv¡v B¡w-Iq-Sn. C§-s\-bp-|mb kwkvIm-c§ - s - fÃmw \½psS F®w hÀ²n-¸n¨p F¶p ]d-ªp-h-tÃm. AXXp {]tZ-is¯ e`y-a mb Blm- chpw \mw D¸m-Zn-¸n¨ Blm-chpw s]cp-Inb F®-¯n\v t]mcmsX h¶-t¸mÄ ASp¯ {]tZ-i-§-fn X§n-b, CXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ Irjn-bn-e-[njvTn-X-ambn hnI-kn¨, aäv tKm{X-hÀ¤-§-fn-te¡v Ah56

Irjn-bpsS I|p]n-Sn¯hpw \K-c-cq-]o-I-cWhpw

cpsS I®p-IÄ ]mªp. hnf-ªp-\n¶ [m\y-§Ä At§m-«p-ant§m«pw It¿dn X«n-s¡m-|p-hc - nI Hcp ]Xn-hm-bn-¯oÀ¶p. ta ¸-dª IrjnXs¶-bmWv aäp Poh-Pm-e-§-fpsS Irjn-bnte¡pw \s½ \bn¨-Xv. GXm|v Ggm-bncw hÀj-§Ä¡p ap¼p-Xs¶ a\p-jy-cp-|m-bn-cp¶ {]tZ-i-§-fn-seÃmwXs¶ CW-¡n-sb-Sp-¡mhp¶ FÃm Poh-Pm-e§ - s - fbpw \mw CW-¡n-¡g - n-ªp. AXn-\m [m\y-§Ät]mse-Xs¶ Cu Poh-Pm-e-§-sfbpw ]c-k] v cw X«ns¡m-|p-t]m-¶n-cp-¶p. Cu X«n-s¡m|pt]mI-ep-I-fnÂ\n¶m-cw`n-¡p-¶-XmWv tk\-IÄ. X«n-s¡m-|p-hcp-¶-Xn-\pw X«n-s¡m-|pt]m-Im³ h-cp-¶-hsc XSp-¡m-\p-amWv tk\-IÄ cq]-s¸-«-Xv. Irjn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«mWv sXmgnÂhn`-P\ - § - Ä FÃmwXs¶ D|m-b-Xv. BZy-Im-e-§-fn hkvXp-h-I-IÄ X«n-s¡m-|p-h-¶n-cp¶p-sh-¦n ]nev¡m-e-¯v, aäv tKm{X-§-sf, tKm{X-hÀK¡msc ]nSn-¨p-sIm-|p-hc - p¶ k{¼-Zmbw Bcw-`n-¨p. A§-s\-bmWv BZyambn ASn-a-I-fp-|m-bXpw C§s\ D|mb ASn-a-IÄ kaq-l¯nse c|mw-Xcw ]uc-•m-cm-bn-¯o-À¶Xpw. Cu c|p tKm{X-§fn- e pÅ Bfp- I ÄXs¶- b mWv ]n¡m- e - P m- X n- I - f mbn Adn -b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. aq¶m-a-sXmcp tKm{Xs¯ Cu kaq-l-¯n-te¡p sIm|p-h-cp-t¼mÄ c|p X«n Ign-ªn-cp-¶-h-cp-sS-bn-S-bn aq¶m-as¯ Øm\w-am-{Xta AhÀ¡p e`n-¡p-ambn-cp¶p-Åq.

C§s\ kaqlw _e-hm-•m-cmb cmPm-¡• - m-cpsS Iogn IqSpX IqSp-X X«p-I-fmbn cq]-s¸-«p-sIm-|n-cp-¶p. Cu cq]o-I-cW-¯n X§-fp-tS-Xmb kzXz-t_m[w \jvS-s¸-«p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn¡m\pw aäp-Å-hÀ X§-fpsS kzXz-t_m-[-¯n Cgp-In-t¨-cm-Xncn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw aäp-Å-hsc Ah-cpsS kz´w kzXz-t_m-[-¯n \ne-\nÀ¯m\pw ap³ssI FSp-¡p-¶-Xp-h-gn-bmWv C{X-b-[nIw k¦oÀ®-amb kzXz-t_m-[-apÅ kaq-l-§Ä cq]-s¸-«p-h-¶-Xv. taÂkq-Nn-¸n¨ AXnÀ¯n-t_m[wXs¶-bmWv Cu kzXz-t_m[-§Äs¡Ãmw ASn-Øm\w. \½p-tSXv F¶pÅ AXnÀ¯n-t_m[-amWv tKm{X-t_m-[w. Hcp cmPy-¯n-\p-Ån ]c-k] v cw Ie-ln¡p-¶, Cgp-In-t¨-cm³ aSn-¡p¶ Cu tKm{X-§-fpsS F®w hÀ²n¨- t ¸m- g mWv Hcp P\- X - s b¶ \ne- b n Ahsc tbmPn- ¸ n¨p sIm|p-t]m-tI-|-bm-hiyw cmPm-¡-•m-cpsS ap¶n Hcp tNmZyNn-Ó-ambn DbÀ¶-Xv. X«p-X-«p-I-fmbn \n¶m am{Xw t]mc-tÃm, H¶n¨p {]hÀ¯n-t¡-t|? FÃm tKm{X-§Ä¡pw kz´-amb ssZhw D|v, AXmWv Ipe-ssZ-h-§Ä. cmPy-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n\v P\Xsb H¶n-¸n-¡pI F¶-bm-hiyw cmPm-¡-•m-cpsS ap¶n DbÀ ¶p-h-¶-Xnsâ ]cn-lm-c-sa¶ \ne-bn-emWv \man¶p ImWp¶ aX§-sfÃmw cq]-s¸-«-Xv. Hcp Ipe-¯n-\p-Ån-ep-Å-hsc H¶n-¸n-¡p-¶57

a\pjycdnbm³

58

Irjn-bpsS I|p]n-Sn¯hpw \K-c-cq-]o-I-cWhpw

Xn\v Ipe-ssZ-h-¯n\p Ign-ª-Xp-t]m-se, Cu Ipe-ssZ-h-§-sfsbÃmw H¶n-¸n-¡p¶ {]{In-b-bmWv aXw \nÀÆ-ln-¨-Xv. A§-s\bmWv GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-ap-Å, AsÃ-¦n PmXn-¡p-]-cn-bmb aX-hn-izm-k-§Ä temI¯v cq]-s¸-Sm³ XpS-§n-b-Xv. Cu {]{Inb {]hm-N-I-a-X-§-fmbn cq]-s¸-«n-«nsÃ-¦nepw hnI-knX-ka - q-l§ - f - n-seÃmw Bcw-`n-¨n-cp¶p F¶v t£{X-§f - nse {][m\ ssZh-¯n-sâbpw D]-ssZ-h-§-fp-sSbpw {]Xn-jvT-I-fn-eqsS \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡mw. Htc ssZh-¯nsâ Ah-Xm-c-amWv aäp ssZh-§sft¶m Htc ssZhnI-i-àn-bpsS Ah-Xm-c-amWv FÃm -ssZ-h-§fpsat¶m ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Cu GIo-I-c-W-{]-{Inb Bcw-`n-¨n-cp¶p F¶v a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. thZ-§-fnse ssZh-§-fm-bn-cp¶ C{µ\pw hcpW\pw kqcy-\p-saÃmw sXmgn \jvS-s¸«v NS-ªp-Iq-Sn-btijamWv _e-apÅ GtXm- tKm-{X-§fpsS ssZ-h§fmbn-cp¶ hnjvWphpw inh\pw {_Òmhpw iàn-bp-saÃmw cwK-s¯-¯n-bX - .v ChÀ X½n-epÅ _e-]-co-£-W-am-bn-cp¶p ]ns¶ \qdp-I-W-¡n\v hÀj-§f - mbn ssih-þs - sh-jvWh - þ- i - m-tàb aÕ-ca - mbn C´y-bne-c-t§-dn-b-Xv. ]n¡m-e¯v aX-§Ä X½n ta[m-hn-Xz-¯n\p th|n \S-¯nb cà-s¨m-cn-¨n-en\v kam-\-amb t]mcm-«-§Ä Ch X½n \S-¶n-«p-|v. Ah-km\w X¯z-Nn-´-IÄ hnI-kn¨v A\p-cRvP-\-`m-j-bn Chsc "]cw-s]m-cp-fnsâ' hyXykvX hIp-¸p-Ifmbn Xcw-Xn-cn¨v Htc Øm\w \ÂIn-b-ti-j-amWv cà-s¨m-cn-¨nep-I-sfm-gn-hm-b-Xv. F¦nepw kv{XoI-fpsS Øm\w kaq-l-¯n CXn-\nsS c|mw-X-c-am-bn¯oÀ¶Xn-\m iàn¡v Cu aqh-cpsS `mcy-am-cm-Imt\ km²yXbp-|m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. Bcm-[\t]mepan ÃmsX ]n´pW \jvS-s¸« {_Òm-hn\v ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cp-¶- Hä-¡m-cW¯m aäv c|v ]pcp-j-ssZ-h-§-tfm-sSm¸w Øm\w In«n.

FÃm-hÀ¡pw kpk-½X\mb Hcp t\Xm-hp-|mhpIbpw km[mcW P\-§Ä¡v BN-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ Adn-hnsâbpw BNm-c§-fp-sSbpw Iptd kwln-X-Ifpw Bcm-[-\m-{I-a-§fpw cq]-s¸SpIbpw sNbvXmte Hcp-a-X-¯n\v km²y-X-bp-Åq. t\Xm-hnsâ shfn-]m-Sp-I-fp-sStbm {]`m-j-W-§-fp-sStbm hmsam-gn-bmbn Xeap-d-I-fn-eqsS ssIam-dm-hp¶ tÇmI-§-fpsS Hcp k©bhpw cq]s¸-tS-|X - m-bn-«p-|.v C¯cw km²y-XI - Ä kw`-hn-¨n-«p-Ån-Ss - ¯Ãmw aX-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-¶n-cn-¡pw. ]t£, kpk-½-X-amb t\Xr-Xz ¯nsâ A`m-h¯n aX-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-¡m¯ GI-ssZ-h-hniz-mk-§-fmbn Cu {]{Inb Ah-km-\n-¡pw. aX-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n\v cmPy-`c - Ww \S-¯n-bn-cp¶ cmPm-hnsâ ]¦v A\n-hm-cy-LS - I - a - m-Wv. Hcp- hn-izm-k{- ]-amWw Xsâ cmPy-`c - W - ¯ - nsâ kpK-aa - mb ssIImcy-¯n\v \Ã-Xm-sW¶v Hcp {]_-e-\mb cmPm-hn\p tXm¶p-¶Xv 59

a\pjycdnbm³

aX-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯nse \nÀ®m-b-I-L-S-I-am-bn¯ocpw. Atim-I³ _p²-a-X-¯n\pw tIm|kvd-dâbn³ {InkvXp-a-X-¯n\pw CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-§-fmbn FSp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. henb hr¯-amb aXw sNdnb hr¯-amb PmXn-s¡-Xn-cm-Wv. A§-s\-bmWv PmXn-kz-Xz-t_m[w aX-t¯-¡mÄ tami-ambn \mw A\p-`h - n-¡p-¶X - .v aX-t_m[w PmXn-t_m-[s - ¯-¡mÄ henb hr¯am-Wv. temI-¯nsâ hnhn[ {]tZ-i-§-fn hnhn[ Ime-§-fn C§s\ GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-a-X-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-I-bp-|m-bn. GIssZh-¯n A[n-jvTn-X-amb Cu aX-t_m[w hÀj-§-tfmfw ]e Zn¡n a\p-jysc H¶n-¸n-¨p-sh-¦nepw cmPm-¡• - mÀ k{am-«p-If - mbn h³km-{am-Py-§Ä DS-se-Sp-¯-t¸mÄ- G-I-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-]-c-amb ]e aX-§fpw AXn-\p-Ån IS-¶p-h-¶p. R§fpsS GI-ssZ-hamtWm \n§-fpsS GI-ssZ-ha - mtWm icn-bmb GI-ssZhw F¶pÅ {]iv\-amWv Cu km{am-Py-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n\v ]n¡m-e-X-S-Ê-ambn DbÀ¶p h¶-Xv. Cu {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-¯n-\pÅ {ia-amWv AIv_dpsS "Zn³ Cemln' F¶ aX-cq-]o-I-cWw. Xm³ CÉmw aX-hn-izmkn-bm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mįs¶ Xsâ km{am-Py-¯nse hnhn[ Bcm[-\m-{Iaw ]men-¡p¶ P\-§sf H¶n-¸n-¡p-hm³ "kzX-{´-amb' Hcp -aXw BhiyamsW¶ Xncn-¨-dn-hmWv AIv_sd C¯-c-samcp kml-k-¯n\v t{]cn-¸n-¨-Xv. ap³]v PmXn-I-Ä sNdnb hr¯-ambn \n¶n-cp-¶nS¯v km{am-Pycq-]o-Ic - W - ¯ - n-sâbpw kmaq-lnI GIo-Ic - W - ¯ - nsâbpw Ime¯v aX-§Ä sNdnb hr¯-§-fmbn. Cu km{am-Py-§fnse cmjv{So-bambn kwL-Sn¨v Ah-t_m[w t\Snb P\-§Ä cmPm-hns\ amän cmjv{S-§-fmbn amdn Cu {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-¡m-\mWv ]n¡m-e¯v {ian-¨-Xv, C¶pw {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. A§s\ ""\mw Hcp cmjv{S-¯nse ]uc-•m-cm-Wv, AXn-\m PmXn-aX - N - n-´I - Ä¡-Xo-Xa - mbn \½Ä¡v kzXz-t_m-[-§Ä D|m-IWw''F¶p-Å B[p-\nI ]cnI-e] v -\-IÄ D|m-bn. Ct¸mÄ Gähpw henb hr¯w cmjv{S-am-Wv. AXn-\pÅnse sNdnb hr¯-amWv aXw, AXn-\p-Ånse sNdnb hr¯-§fmWv PmXn-IÄ, AXn-\p--Ånse sNdnb hr¯-§f - mWv tKm{X-§fpw hwi-§-fpw NmÀ¨-¡mcpw. CsXÃmw ]d-bp-t¼mgpw BZyw kqNn¸n¨ Pohsâ kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb AXn-cp-t_m-[a - mWv C¯-c¯ - n-epÅ Hmtcm kzXz- t _m- [ - § Ä¡pw ASn- Ø m- \ - a m- b n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ sX¶v ad¶p-t]m-Im-Xncn-¡-Ww. ChnsS \mw {]tXyIw HmÀt¡| Hcp Imcyw, cq]-s¸« Hcp AXnÀ¯n-t_m-[tam AXn-t\m-sSm¸w hcp¶ kzXz-t_m-[tam Hcn¡epw \jvS-s¸«pt]mIp-¶nà F¶-Xm-Wv. \mw, Htc-k-abw ]e-Xc-¯n-epÅ kzXz-t_m-[-§fpsS Hcp k¦-e-\-am-Wv. H¶v hfsc 60

Irjn-bpsS I|p]n-Sn¯hpw \K-c-cq-]o-I-cWhpw

{]I-S-ambn apg¨p \nev¡p-t¼mÄ aäp-Åh \nÈ-_vZ-ambn ]¯n Xmgv¯n InS-¡p-w. kzXz-t_m-[-§Ä kPo-h-ambXpw kPo-h-a-Ãm¯Xpw F¶Xc-¯n \ap¡p thW-sa-¦n Xcw-Xn-cn-¡mw. kp]vXambn InS-¡p¶ hn¯p-IÄt]mse Ahsb a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. A\pIq-ea - mb kml-Ncyw D|m-bm Ah s]m«napf-b¡ v pw. \mw BZyw kqNn-¸n¨ AXnÀ¯n-t_m[w D|m-¡p¶ "A\yÀ' \½psS ap¶n {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-Itbm Ah-sc-¸än \mw HmÀ¡p-Itbm sNbvXm \½-fn Dd-§n-¡n-S¡ - p¶ kzXz-t_m-[§ - Ä Hmtcm-¶mbn {]Xy-£ -s¸Spw. F{XXs¶ C´y-¡m-cm-bmepw apÃ-s¸-cn-bmÀ h¶m aebm-fnbpw Xan-g\pw BIp-¶Xv C¡m-c-W-¯m-em-Wv. A`n-{]m-b-hyXym-k-§Ä FÃmwXs¶, hyXy-kvX-amb XmXv]-cy-§-sf-Ãmw-Xs¶ hyàn-IÄsXm«v cmjv{S-§Ähsc \½n-eS-§n-¡n-S-¡p¶ FÃm kp]vXkz-Xz-t_m-[-§-sfbpw hnfn-¨p-WÀ¯pw. CXp-I|v Bcpw sR«p-Itbm AÛp-Xw-Iq-dp-Itbm sNt¿| Bh-iy-an-Ã. FÃm GIo-I-c-W-{]-hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡p-ti-jhpw \manXv {]Xo-£n-¡-Ww; \man-§-s\-bm-sW¶v AdnbWw; FÃm t{]a-_-ÔXo{h-X-bpsS \Sp-hnepw \½fn-§-s\-bmsW¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww.

61

amdp¶ Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ

XpS-¡§ - Ä {]]-©¯ - n-en-söpw AtX-ka - bw a\p-jyÀ¡v AXv Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm¯ Hc-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-sW¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em¡n. Af-hp-tIm-ep-Is - f-¸än hni-Za - m-¡n-bt - ¸mÄ XpS-¡§ - f - psS Nne hi-§Ä \½Ä a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-«p-|.v F¶m Ipd-¨p-IqSn hnhr-X-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ C\n]d-bp-¶Xv klm-bn-¡pw. \man-cn-¡p¶ Øe¯p\n¶v Zqc-sa-{X-bm-W-¶-dn-bm³ \ap¡v Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fm-h-iyam-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v Fd-Wm-Ip-f¯p\n¶v Xncp-h-\-´ -]p-c-t¯¡v 211 IntemaoädmsW¶v \mw Is|-¯p-¶p. tImgn-t¡m-t«¡v 190 IntemaoädmsW¶pw Is|-¯p-¶p. sNss¶bv¡v 674 In.an, UÂln¡v 2716 In.an, tamkv tImbv¡v 7058 In.an, e|-\n-te¡v 8986 In.an, \yqtbmÀ ¡n-te¡v 14488 In.an F¶pw Is|-¯-p¶p. aäp c|pt]À¡v \½p-sS- Af-hn kwibw P\n¨v icn-bmtWm sXämtWm F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡W - s - a-¦n AhÀ¡pw Af¶p-t\m-¡mw. AhÀ _mw¥q-cm-Wn-cn-¡p-¶X - .v AhÀ Af¶p t\m¡n-bn«v \½psS Af-hp-Is - fÃmw sXäm-sW¶v Is|-¯pw.

Imc-Ww, AhÀ _mw¥q-cnÂ\n¶mWv Af¶p XpS-§n-bX - .v Chn-sS-bmWv Hcn-¡e - f - ¶ - m Af-¶n-S¯p\n¶pXs¶ ho|pw Afhv Bcw-`n-t¡-|n-hcpw F¶ amäm-\m-Im¯ bYmÀ°y- ¯ nÂs¨¶ps]Sp- ¶ - X v . Fd- W m- I p- f - ¯ n\v Fs´-¦nepw khn-ti-jX DÅ-Xp-sIm-|à - , AhnsS\n¶mcw-`n-¨Xpw Af-¶-Xpw. Af-¶-hÀ Ahn-sS-bm-Wn-cp-¶Xv F¶ Hscm-ä¡ - m-cW - a - mWv AXn\v A¯-cs - amcp khn-tij-Xb - p-|m-¡p-¶X - .v Hcn-¡e - f - ¶ - p-t]m-bm ]n¡m-e¯v Af-¡p¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw AXp-Xs¶ Bcw-`-ambn hcpw.

BZy-Im-e-§-fn Fhn-sS-bmtWm kwkvIm-c-§Ä hnIkn-¨Xv Ahn-sS-sbÃmw C¯-c-¯n-epÅ Bcw-`-§Ä D|m-bn. "FÃm tdmUpw tdman-te¡v' F¶ sNmÃnepw Cu bmYmÀ°yw Hfn-ªn-cn-¸p-|v.

Hcp kwkvImcw D|mbn hnI-kn¨p \in-¨p-t]m-bm am{Xta BZy-Ime Bcw-`-§Ä¡v AdpXn hcm-dp-Åq.

AsÃ-¦n ià-amb asämcp km{am-Py-¯nsâ hfÀ¨62

amdp¶ Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ

bv¡p-ÅnÂs]«v \nÈ_vZam¡s¸«p-t]m-Ip¶ AsÃ-¦n BKncWw sN¿-s¸«pt]mIp¶ XpS-¡-§-fp-ap-|v. bqtdm-¸nÂ\n¶v {_n«o-jp-ImÀ temI-sa-¼mSpw IpSn-tbdn km{amPyw cq]o-I-cn-¨Xp hgn-bmWv c|m-bn-c¯n]Xnaq¶v F¶ hÀjw \ap¡p e`n-¨-Xv. Atd-_y-bn \_n-tbm-sSm-¶n¨v P\n¨ hÀjw D|v. C´y-bn _p²-t\m-sSm-¶n¨v P\n¨ hÀj-ap-|v. F´n\v \½psS sIm¨p-tIc-f-¯n sImïp\n¶m-cw-`n¨ sImÃ-hÀjwt]mep-ap-|v. ]t£, ta¸-dª {_n«o-jvkm-{am-Py-Xz-hn-I-k-\-¯n Cu hÀj-§s - fÃmw sIm¨p sIm¨p kma-´c - m-Py-§f - mbn amdn. Znh-ks¯ Ipdn-¡p¶ {Ko\n¨v kabw D|m-bXpw Cu {_n«ojv km{am-PyXzw Imc-W-am-Wv. {Ko\n¨v ka-b-ap-|m-b-Xn-\m AXnsâ t\À adp-hi-¯p-Iq-Sn-bmWv CâÀ\m-j-W tUäv sse\pw t]mIp-¶-Xv. Cu tUäv sse\m-I-s«, im´-k-ap-{Z-¯n-epÅ BÀ¡p-a-dn-bm¯ Hcp {]tZ-i-¯p-Iq-Sn-bmWp hf-ªp-]p-fªp IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xv. hfªp-]p-fªv F¶p ]d-ª-Xn\v ImcWw Nne Zzo]p-Isf Ata-cn¡³ ka-bt- a-Je - b - nÂs]Sp-¯m-\mbn hf-¨p]p-fs - ¨-Sp-t¡-|n- h-¶ Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. `qan Xncn-bp-I-b-ÃmsX Hcn-¡epw Hcp Znh-kw-t]mepw D|m-bn«n-Ãm¯ `qan-bn C§s\ F{X-tbm hÀj-§fpw Znh-k-§-fpsams¡ D|m-b-Xn\pImcWw ta¸-dª XpS-¡-§ÄsIm|msW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡Ww. AXp-t]mseXs¶ `qan-bn a\p-jyÀ AS-bm-fs - ¸-Sp-¯nb Øe-§f - à - msX Xncp-h\ - ´ - ] - p-ctam UÂlntbm e|t\m sIbvtdmtbm H¶p-an-söv \mtamÀ¡-Ww. tZim-S-\]-£n-IÄt¡m, Cu¨-IÄt¡m, ]mä-IÄt¡m, BSp-IÄt¡m, B\ IÄt¡m H¶pw Cu AXn-cp-Is - fm¶pw _m[-Ia - s - Ã-¶ptamÀ¡-Ww. F¶mÂ, Cu Bcw-`-§-sfm¶pwXs¶-bn-ÃmsX a\p-jy-Po-hnXw Akm-²y-am-Wv. C¡m-cWwsIm|mWv `mjmhnIk-\-¯nsâ Ime¯v Hmtcmtcm {]tZ-i-§-fnepw Ime-§-fnepw Ign-ª-hÀ D|m-¡nb Bcw-`§ - fpw Af-hp-tIm-ep-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn¨p am{Xta \ap¡v Pohn-¡m\pw ]c-k] v cw Bi-b-hn-\n-abw sN¿m\pw Ignbp-Ib - p-Åq F¶phcp-¶X - .v Bcw-`§ - fpw A{X kq£vaX - b - n-Ãm¯ Af-hp-tIm-ep-Ifpw XoÀ¯pw sXämb k¦-e] v -\-§fpw D]-tbmKn¨p am{Xta \ap¡v ]c-k] v cw C¶v kwh-Zn-¡m³ Ign-bp-Ib - p-Åq.

Ch-sbÃmw XpS¨p hr¯n-bm¡n tÉän ]pXn-b-Xmbn H¶pw Fgp-Xm³ Ign-bnÃ; AXnsâ Bhiyw AXym-h-iy-am-sW¶v Adnbp-t¼mÄt]mepw. {_n«ojvkm{amPyw hfÀ¶p hnI-kn-¡p-¶X - p-hgn aäv Bcw-`-§fpw Af-hp-tIm-ep-Ifpw \nÈ-_vZ-am-¡-s¸-«Xpt]mse ]pXnb Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fpsS hfÀ¨bpw D]-tbm-Khpwaqew kmh[m\w Cu ]gb Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn \nÈ-_vZ-am-¡s¸-Sp-sa¶v {]Xo-£n¨m aXn. 63

_lp-kz-Xz-t_m-[ -kz-Xz-t_m[w

Htc kabw ]e-Xcw kzXz-t_m-[§ - Ä t]dp¶ Hcp PohnhÀ¤-amWv a\p-jyÀ. ap³]v kqNn-¸n¨ AXn-cp-t_m[amWv C¯cw k¦oÀ®-amb kzXz-t_m-[§ - Ä¡v Imc-Wa - m-bn¯o-cp--¶-Xv. "Rm³', "FtâXv' F¶ AXn-cp-t_m-[-amWv tKm{X-¯n-t\mSpw {]tZ-i¯ - n-t\mSpw `mjtbmSpw aX-¯n -t\mSpw cmPy-t¯mSpw cmjv{S-t¯mSpw cmjv{So-b-]mÀ«nItfmSpw FÃmw D|m-Ip¶ aa-Xbv¡pw AXn-t\m-S\ - p-_Ô a - mbn cq]-s¸-Sp¶ kzXz-t_m-[¯ - n\pw Imc-Wa - m-Ip-¶X - v.

Htc-ka - bw _lp-hy-àn-Xz-¯n\v \mw DS-aI - f - m-Wv. Cu _lp-hy-àn-Xzw \nan¯w Hmtcm hyàn-Xz-¯n-t\mSpw A\p-_-Ô-ambn cq]-s¸-Sp¶ aqey-t_m[w B´-cnI kwLÀj-§Ä¡v hgn-h¨ - ,v GXv aqey-t_m-[¯ - n-\\ - p-kr-X ambn thWw Hcp kµÀ`-¯n s]cp-am-td-|sX¶v Adnbm³ Ign-bm-sX-h-cpw. Cu kwLÀjhpw Ahy-à-X-bp-w kIe Iemkmln-Xy-krjvSnI-fp-tSbpw ASn-Øm-\ambn Xocp¶p. icn-sX-äp-Isf Xcw-Xn-cn-¡m-\m-hmsX Ipg-bp¶ a\p-jy-cpsS IY-I-fm-WtÃm FÃm \m«nepw DÅ-Xv. tKm{X-hÀ¤-kz-Xz-t_m-[-amWv ]n¡m-e¯v PmXn-bmbn-¯oÀ¶-sX¶v \mw I|pIgn-ªt- Ãm. PmXn-Isf cmPy¯nsâ Bh-iy-¯n-\\ - p-kr-Xa - mbn tImÀ¯n-W¡n H¶n ¨p\nÀ¯p¶ ]¦mWv aX-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¨-Xv. aX-§-fpsS _mlpeyw \nan¯w cmjv{S-sa¶ kzXz-t_m-[¯ - n H¶n¸n-¡m³ \S-¡p¶ {ia-amW,v C¶v atX-Xc - c - m-jv{S-§f - psS cq]o-I-c-W-¯n-\pÅ t{]c-W. `qanbpw AXnse ssPhssh-hn-[y-§fpw ]mcn-Øn-Xn-I-{]-iv\-§fpw Cu cmjv{Skz-Xz-t_m-[-¯ns\ XIÀ¯p-sIm|v GI-temI]uc-Xz¯n-\mbn apd-hnfn Iq«n-s¡m-|n-cn-¡p¶ HcpIme-¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£, kzXz-t_m[w Htc-ka - bw _lp-kz-Xz-t_m-[a - m -sW¶v \mw ]dªp Ign-ªp. cq]-s¸« Hcp kzXz-t_m[hpw kXy-¯n Hcn-¡epw amdn-t¸m-Ip-¶n-Ã. H¶v {][m -\-ambn \nev¡p-t¼mÄ aäp-Åh ]¯nXmgv¯n InS-¡pw.

64

_lp-kz-Xz-t_m-[ -kz-Xz-t_m[w

A\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-¯n shÅw hogp-t¼mÄ sR«n-bp-W-cp¶ Aao_sbt¸mse kzXz-t_m-[-§Ä kp]vXm-hØ t`Zn¨v Hmtcm¶mbn {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶p. "A|n-tbm-S-Sp-¡p-t¼mtg am§-bpsS ]pfn-bd - nbq' F¶ coXn-bn ]e alm-•m-tcm-sSm¸w ASp¯p Pohn¨n«v ]ecpw Ah-cpsS PmXnt_m[-s¯-¸ä - ntbm aäv taÂt¡m-bvam s]-cp-am-ä§-sf-¸-äntbm ]d-bp-¶Xp tIÄ¡mw. am§-bpsS ]pfn alm-•mÀ¡p am{X-aà DÅ-Xv, \ap-t¡-hÀ¡p-ap-|v. aäp-Å-h-cpsS hnhn[ kzXz-t_m-[-§-fn sN¶p-ap-«n, AXn\p hncp-²-ambn \nev ¡p¶ AtX cq]-¯n-epÅ \½psS kzXz-t_m-[-amWv CXns\ "Xncn-¨dnbp'¶-Xv. PmXn-h¨v asäm-cmÄ s]cp-am-dp¶p F¶v HcmÄ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ, ]d-bp¶ Bfnse PmXn F¶ kzXz-t_m-[a - mWv atä-bm-fpsS PmXnkz-Xz-t_m-[s¯ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xv; AsÃ-¦n PmXn-t_m-[-sa¶ Af-hptIm D]-tbm-Kn¨v Af¶v a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xv. Htc ho«nÂ, tN«m-\n-b-•mÀ X½n-epÅ "FtâXv, \ntâXv' F¶ AXn-cp-t_m[w PmXn-t_m-[-ambn \mw Xncn-¨-dn-bm-dnÃ. kv{Xo]pcpj_Ô-¯nse "FtâXv \ntâXv'' t_m[w enwK-hn-th-N\ - a - mbn ImWpw. C´ym-¡mscm¶pw icn- b - s öv ]m¡n- Ø m³ImÀ hnNm- c n- ¡ p- ¶ - X n\pw ]m¡n-Øm³Im-scm¶pw icn-bs - öv C´y-¡mÀ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶X - n\pw R§ÄþA\yÀ, Rm³þAh³/AhÄ F¶ ta¸-dª AXn-cpt_m[w Xs¶-bmWv Imc-W-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Pohsâ kzm`m-hn-Iamb AXn-cp-t_m[w ]e-Xcw kzXz-t_m-[-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n\v CS-hcp-¯p-Ibpw _lp-kz-Xz-t_m[kzXz-t_m[¯n\v \mw DS-a-I-fmhp-Ibpw sN¿pw. C¡mcyw a\-Ên-em-¡msX ]c-k] v cw ]gn-Nm-cm³ am{X-amWv C¶v Cu kzXz-t_m-[-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. kwh-cWw hcp-t¼mÄ \mb-•mcpw Cug-hc-- p-ambn ]ncn-bp¶ lnµp-¡Ä hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip¸v eoKns\ Gev]n-¡p-t¼mÄ lnµp-¡fmbn ho|pw H¶n-¡p-¶p. C¯-c-¯nepÅ hgn-]n-cn-b-ep-Ifpw IqSn-t¨-cepIfpw \½psS cmjv{Sob kmaq-ly-a-WvU-e-§fn \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. "\½Ä' F¶ {]tbm-K-¯n Cu kzXzt_m[w {]tbm-K-£-a-am-Ip-¶Xv t\m¡n-¡m-Wm³ \à ck-am-Wv. "\½psS BÄ¡mÀ' F¶v Iayq-WnÌv]mÀ«n Hm^o-kn-en-cp¶p ]dªm Iayq-Wn-Ìp-Im-sc-¶pw F³.Fkv.Fkv aµn-c-¯n-en-cp¶p ]d-ªm \mb-•m-sc¶pw Fkv.-F³.-Un.]n imJ-bn-en-cp¶p ]dªm Cug-hs - c-¶pw sN§-db - n-en-cp¶p ]d-ªm Zfn-Xsc-¶pw ap¯-§-bn-en-cp¶p ]d-ªm BZn-hm-kn-sb¶pw apÃ-s¸-cn-bm-dnen-cp-¶m ae-bm-fn-sb¶pw KÄ^n-en-cp-¶m C´y-¡m-sc¶pw bqtdm-¸n-en-cp-¶m Gjym-¡m-sc¶pw Im«n-en-cp-¶m a\p-jysc¶pw Hs¡ CXn-\À°w hcpw.

65

a\pjycdnbm³

C§s\ Htckabw _lp- k z- X z- ¯ nsâbpw IÀXr- X z- ¯ nsâbpw DS-a-I-fmWv Cu "\½Ä'. Hmtcm kzXz-t_m-[-¯n-t\m-sSm¯p-h-cp¶ aqey-t_m[§Ä IqSn-t¨À¶v hfsc k¦oÀ®-am-Ipw. ]|v `K-h-ZvKo-Xm-Im-c³ Cu IqSn-¡p-g-b-ens\ thÀXn-cn-s¨-Sp-¡m\mWv "kz[À½w' F¶ kn²m´w Bhn-jvIcn-¨-Xv. F{X kz[À½hn-kvXm-c-§Ä¡ptijhpw "I®pa-S¨v' NnesXms¡ sN¿mt\ kXy-¯n a\p-jyÀ¡v Ign-bq. ImcWw, icn-sX-äp-IÄ D`-b-k½-X{- ]-Imcw D|m-¡p¶ Icm-dp-If - nte bYmÀ°-¯n _m[-Ia - mhp-I-bp-Åq. \mw P\n-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap¼p-Xs¶ \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ Icmdp-Itfm kzXzt_m[§tfm D¯-ch - m-Zn-Xz-t_m-[t- ¯msS t]dm\pw AXn-s\m¯v {]hÀ¯n-¡m\pw BÀ¡pw Ign-bn-Ã. ImcWw, Ht¶m ct|m H¶p-aà - tÃm \½psS ap¶n Xnc-sª-Sp-¡m-\p-ÅX - .v Hmtcm kzXz-t_m-[¯ - n-\\ - p-kr-Xa - mb Hmtcm-tcm aq-eyt_m-[h - p-ap-|m-Ipw. Ch -X-½n CW-§n \n¡p-¶Xpw ]nW§n \n¡p-¶-Xp-ap|mIpw; Ah-bn GXv Xnc-sª-Sp-¡W-sa¶ Zim-k-Ôn-bn-e-Is¸-Sm¯ Hcmfpw a\p-jy-Ip-e-¯n-ep-|m-hp-I-bn-Ã. \à sabvhg-¡t¯msS Cu aqey-t_m-[§ - f - psS CS-bn-eqsS aäp-Åh - À¡v Xncn-¨d - n -bm³ Ign-bm¯coXn-bn kz´w \ne-]m-Sn\v "\ymb'aps|¶v tXm¶-¯-¡-co-Xn-bn Bcv Pohn-¡pt¶m Ahsc \mw "Úm\n' Isf¶v hnfn-¡p-¶p. X¯z-Nn-´I - fpw ZÀi-\§ - fpw C{X "Kl-\'§fm-bXv Htcm \ne]m-Sn-sebpw A\oXn ]n¡m-e¯v aäp-Å-hÀ Xncn-¨-dn-ª-t¸mÄ AXn\v ho|pw \ymbw Is|-t¯|n h¶-Xn- ¯ - nse Hcp IYm-]m-{Xameq-sS-bm-Wv.... hmevao-In-bpsS cmam-bW bncp¶ cma³ ]n¡m-e¯v ssZh-ambn amdn-bt - ¸mÄ, cmPmsh-¶ \ - n-eb - n sNbvX {]hr¯n-IÄ \oXoI-cn-¡m³ Ffp-¸a - m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]t£, cmam-bW - ¯ - nsâ H¶pw c|pw A²ym-b§ - Ä ]n¡m-e¯v Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯v cmasâ sNbvXn-IÄ¡v ap³Im-e{- ]m_eyt¯msS, AXm-bXv ap³P•-§-fn-eqsS \ymbw Is|-¯p-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. cmam-b-W-¯nsâ kwtim-[nX ]mT-§Ä ]Tn¡p¶ BÀ¡pw CXv hyà-am-hpw.

66

am-dn-h-cp¶ PohnX]cnIev]-\-IÄ

]ucm-WnIImet¯ C´y-bn "]©-`q-X-'§-sf¶pw {Kokn "NXpÀ`qX'-§-sf¶pw DÅ ]cnI-e] v -\-I-fp-|v. {]]-©s - a-¶m th|coXn-bn Cu ]©-`q-X§ - sf CW ¡n-t¨À¯-sX-¶À°w. ]©-`q-X-§Ä Hcp bmYmÀ°yam-sW-¦n F´p-sIm|v bqtdm-¸n \mep`qX-§f - mbn F¶p tNmZn-t¡-|n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]©-`q-X§ - ÄsIm|mWv {]]©w D|m- I p- ¶ - s X¶ Imcy- ¯ n `qcn- ] £w t]À¡pw kwi-bh - p-an-Ã. F¶m Cu ]©-`q-X§ - s - f-sbSp¯v Hcp ¥mtÊm Itk-ctbm ^mt\m hotSm AXà Fs´-¦n-eptam D|m-¡m³ \mw {ian-¡p-t¼m-gmWv Cu ]cnIev]\ shdp-samcp k¦-e] v ¯ -- nsâ \ne-bn-emWv \nev¡p-¶sX¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶X - v. Hmtcm C{µnb-§Ä¡pw A\p-cq-]-amb adp-hiw F¶ \ne-bn-emWv Cu ]cnI-e] v -\-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-bp-àn. temIw t_m[¯nÂ\n¶v DXv]-¶-am-b-Xm-sW¶ Nn´m-]-²-Xn-bpsS XpSÀ¨-bmbn Hmtcm C{µnb-§Ä¡-\p-cq-]-ambn `qX§sf \nÀÆ-Nn-¡p-¶Xv sFX-tc-tbm-]-\n-j-¯n {]Xn]m-Zn-¨ncn-¡p-¶XpIm-Wmw. F¶m {]]©w C¯-c-¯n-epÅ GsX-¦nepw `qXw sIm|p-|m-b-X-Ã. Hmtcmtcm hkvXp-¡Ä \nÀ½n-¡m³ t]mb Bfp-If - mWv bYmÀ°-¯n-epÅ kq£-vaa - mb `qX§sf Is|-¯n-bX - .v AXns\ Hcp B-ä¯ - n\p Npäp-apÅ Ce-Itv {Sm-Wp-Isf ASn-Øm-\s - ¸-Sp-¯n-bmWv {Ia-{]-Imcw I|p-]n-Sn-¨-Xv. ssl{U-P-\n Xp-S§n AXv C¶v \qän-¸Xn-s\«v aqe-I§ - f - n-embn F¯n\nev¡p-¶p. \mw CXp-hsc Is|-¯n-bn-«n-Ãm¯ aqe-I-§fpw D|m-tb-¡mw. ]e aqe-I-§fpw {Ia-{]-Im-c-aà Is|-¯n-b-Xv. AXn-\m Is|-¯n-bn-«n-Ãm¯ aqe-I-§-fp-aps|¶v XoÀ¨-s¸-Sp¯m\pw \ap¡p km[n-¨n-«p-|v. ImcWw temI-¯nsâ bmYmÀ°y-¯nÂ\n¶pÅ Hc-t\z-jW - a - m-bX - p-sIm-|mWv Ah- D|mIpw F¶ \nK-a-\-¯n \ap¡v t\ct¯ F¯n-t¨-cm³ Ign-bp-¶X - .v ]n¡m-e¯v Ahsb Is|67

a\pjycdnbm³

¯p-I-Xs¶ sNbvXp. Cu {]]-©-bm-YmÀ°yhpw ]g-b-Ime ]cn I-e] v -\m-bm-YmÀ°yhpw X½n-epÅ hyXymkw CXm-Wv. C¯-c¯n BZy-Ime Nn´-I-cpsS k¦-e] v Af-hp-tIm-ep-Isf {]] © - b - m-YmÀ°y-§f - mbn \mw sXän-²c - n-¨X - mWv FÃm aX-§f - p-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\w. ]|v, thZm-´n-IÄ IpS-sa¶ "bm-YmÀ°y-'-¯n\v FÃm Awi¯nepw Ifna®v F¶ "]c-amÀ°'amWp-ÅXv F¶p ]d-bm-dp-|v.

Ifn-a® - à - msX asäm-¶p-ah - n-sS-bn-Ã. Ifn-a®v Hcp cq]-¯n-es - Ã-¦n asämcp cq]-¯nte Ccn-¡m-dp-Åq. GsX-¦nepw cq]-§-fn-e-ÃmsX Ifn-a-®n-cn-¡m-dn-Ã. ]t£, GsX-¦nepw cq]-¯n Ifn-a®v Ccn¡p-¶-Xp-sIm|v a\p-jyÀ¡v {]tbm-P-\-an-Ã. IpS-¯nsâ cq]-amÀ Ön¨v Ifn-a-®n-cn-¡p-t¼mtg shÅw tImcn-h-bv¡m³ {]tbm-P-\s¸-Sp-Ibp-Åq. Ifn-a-®nsâ IpS-sa¶ {]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb cq]m-´c-¯n Ipi-hs - \¶ a\p-jysâ Iui-ew-IqSn DÄt¨À¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.

Ifn-a-®n IpSw km[y-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw Ipi-h\pw Ifn-a®pw X½n-epÅ CS-]-g-I-en Ipi-hsâ Iui-e-amb IpSw AhnsS bmYmÀ°y-am-bn-¯o-cp-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. C¯-c-¯n FÃm aqeI-§-fnepw Ah-bpsS tNcp-h-I-fnepw A\-´-amb km[y-X-I-fps|¶ Is|-¯-en-s\-bmWv \mw imkv{X-sa¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. Iui-e-{]-tbm-K-¯m D|m-b-Xns\ \mw "D|m¡n'bsX¶pw hnfn-¡p-¶p. Cu D|m-¡-enÂ\n¶mWv \mw D|m-¡n-b-h-\p|v F¶ Xncn-¨-dn-hn F¯n-t¨À¶-Xv. B bpàn-bpsS XpSÀ¨-bnemWv "ssZhw' F¶ henb D|m-¡-ep-Im-cs\ \mw D|m-¡n-b-Xv. a\p-jy-þIu-i-e-¯nsâ Hcp {]]-©-`o-am-Im-cw, AXmWv ssZhw. AXp-sIm-|mWv, \½Ä taÂkq-Nn-¸n¨t]mse, FÃm kwkvIm-c¯nepw a\p-jyÀ a\p-jy-cq-]-¯n-epÅ ssZhs¯ krjvSn-¨-Xv. D|m-¡n-b-XnÂ\n¶mWv D|m-¡n-b-hs\ D|m-¡n-b-sX-¦nÂ, D|m-¡n-b-Xnsâ ^ew \mw IpS-ambn A\p-`-hn¨p Ign-ª-tÃm, AXnsâ {]tbm-P-\hpw \mw A\p-`-hn-¨-tÃm. A§s\ {]hr ¯n¡p ^e-ap-s|¶pw B {]hr¯n-bpsS ^e-§-fmWv \½Ä A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-sX¶pw \mw A\p-am-\n-¨p. Cu A\p-am-\-¯nsâ ^e-am-bn-«mWv a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xs-¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ "IÀ½-kn-²m´w' D|m-b-Xv. A§-s\-bmWv Hmtcm a\p-jycpw Ah-c-h-cpsS {]hr ¯n-bpsS ^e-amWv A\p-`h - n-¡p-¶Xv F¶ bpàn-bn \mw F¯nt¨À¶-X.v CjvSm-\n-jSv § - Ä¡-\p-kc - n¨v \ÃXpw No¯bpw XcwXncn¨mWv \mw {]hr-¯n-Isf ImWp-¶Xpw ^e-§sf A\p-`h - n-¡p-¶X - pw.

Pohn-Xs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m-\mbn {ian-¨t- ¸mÄ, \ÃXpw No¯-bp-amb A\p-`-h-§Ä Hcp hyàn-bp-sStbm AsÃ-¦n Hcp Ipe-¯nsâtbm AsÃ-¦n Hcp kaq-l-¯n-sâtbm AsÃ-¦n Hcp cmPy68

am-dn-h-cp¶ PohnX]cnIev]-\-IÄ

¯n-sâtbm {]hr-¯n-bpsS ^e-am-bn-«mWv \mw Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶sX¶ a\-Ên-em-¡-en-emWv \mw F¯n-t¨À¶-Xv. Hcp Xc-¯n-e-sÃ-¦n asämcp Xc-¯n Pohn-X-s¯-¸än Nn´n-¨n«pÅ an¡ Nn´-Icpw Cu A\p-am-\-¯n F¯n-t¨À¶n-«p-Å-h cm-Wv. C´y-bn _p²\pw _p²sâ ka-Im-eo-\cpw {]hr-¯n-bpsS ^ewXs¶-bmWv \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-sX¶v Is|-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. ]t£ Cu IÀ½-kn-²m-´-¯n-s\mcp {]iv\-ap-|m-bn-. I®n-ÃmsXmcp Ipªp P\n-¨-t¸mÄ, F´v {]hr-¯n-sIm-|mWv Cu ^ew A\p-`-hn-t¡|n h¶sX¶v AXn\v A¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m³ Ignªn-Ã. At¸mÄ "apSn-bp-s|-¦n Nmbv¨pw Ncn¨pw sI«mw' F¶p ]d-bp--¶Xp-t]mse _p²n-bpÅ _p²\pw Iq«m-fn-Ifpw Is|¯nb D¯-c-amWv "Ignª P•w'. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ, Asæn GXp Pohn-bpsS Pohn-X-¯nsâ k¦oÀ®-X-I-sf-Sp¯p ]cn-tim-[n-¨mepw AXns\ IÀ½kn²m-´¯ - n-e[ - n-jvTn-Xa - mb Htcsbmcp P•w-sIm|v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m³ Hcn-¡epw Ign-bn-Ã. AhnsS-bmWv Ignª P•hpw A\-´-tImSn P•-§fpw _p²-{]-`r-XnIÄ¡v Is|-t¯-|n-h-¶-Xv. ]t£, a[y-[-c-Wym-gn-Xo-c¯v s]m«n -ap-f¨ kwkvIm-c-§-sfm¶pwXs¶ Cu Ignª P•w I|p-]n-Sn¨n-Ã. AhÀ¡v Ahn-sS-bp-|m-bn-cp¶ D¯-cw, Ip«n I®n-ÃmsX P\n-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ, AsÃ-¦n {]Xy-£-Im-c-W-§-sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsX ZpxJ-§Ä D|m-I-W-sa-¦n AXv BZm-ansâ "BZn-]m-]-'amWv. A§-s\-bmWv {In-kvXym-\n-IsfÃmw "]m]n'-I-fmbn P\n-t¡|n hcp-¶-Xv. _p²sâ hni-Zo-Ic - W - ¯ - n kzIÀ½wsIm|p-|m-Ip¶ ZpxJ§-fm-b-Xp-sIm|v AXv \nhÀ¯n-¡m³ kzIÀ½-§ÄXs¶ aXn, AX-ÃmsX ssZhwt]mepw th|. ssZh-§-fp-|m-bn-cp¶ aäp-ÅhÀ¡v ssZh-¯nsâ klmbw "Xm³ ]mXn ssZhw ]mXn' F¶ AÀ°-¯n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-|m-bn. _p²³ [ym\n¨v kXy-a-dnª Bfm-sW-¦nÂ, DÅXv DÅ-Xp-t]mse Adnªp ]dª Bfm-sW-¦nÂ, ae-ap-I-fn X]-Ê-\p-jvTn¨v kXy-a-dnª tbip-{InkvXp ]d-ªXv IÅ-am-bn-¯o-cpw. A§-s\-b-Ã, tbip ]dª ]m]-amWv Imc-Ws - a-¦nÂ, AXn-\mbn ssZh-¯n-sâ kz´w aIs\ Ipcn-in _en-bÀ¸n-¨v a\p-jysc apgp-h\pw c£n¨ ]Ån¡Y kXy-am-sW-¦nÂ, _p²-\mWv IÅw ]d-bp-¶X - v. kXy-sam-t¶bp-Åq F¶v c|v Iq«cpw BW-bn«v ]d-bp-¶-p-ap-|v. C§s\ Hcp Bdm-bncw IntemaoäÀ AI-se-sb-¯p-t¼mÄ amdn-t¸m-Ip¶ Hcp kXyw F{X-t¯mfw kXy-am-sW¶v \n§-sf-Ãm-hcpwIqSn XoÀ¨-bm¡p-I. 69

a\pjycdnbm³

Øqew, kq£-vaw, ImcWw Fs¶Ãmw ico-c-§-sfbpw temI§-sfbpw ]g-b-Im-e-Nn-´-I-•mÀ Xcw-Xn-cn¨v henb hni-Zo-I-c-W§-sfÃmw \evIn-bn-«p-|.v Cu hni-Zo-Ic - W - ¯ - nse kq£vaico-ctam ImcWico-ctam H¶p-aà \½Ä C\n ]cm-aÀin-¡p¶ kq£vatem-Iw. BZy-t¯Xv ]cnIev]-\m-X-e-¯n \nev¡p-t¼mÄ c|m-at¯Xv temI-bm-YmÀ°y-am-Wv. _mIvSo-cn-b, sshdkv XpS-§nb kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS bmYmÀ°yw ssat{Im-kvtIm¸v I|p-]n-Sn-¡p¶-Xp-hsc a\p-jyÀ¡v Is|¯mt\m a\-Ên-em-¡mt\m km[y-ambn-cp-¶n-Ã. Cu kq£vaPohn-I-fpsS temIw A\m-h-cWw sN¿-s¸«-t¸m-gm-Wv, AXp-hsc ssZh-¯nsâ tIm]wsIm|mWv t¹Kv ]c-¶n-cp-¶sX¶p hniz-kn-¨n-cp¶ a²y-[-c-Wymgnkaq-l-¯nsâ ImgvN-¸m-Spw amcn-b-½-bpsS hnf-bm-«-amWv akq-cn-sb¶v `mc-X-kaqlw hniz-kn-¨n-cp-¶X - n-tâbpw anYy \ap¡p a\-Ên-em-bX - .v hmIvkn\pw acp¶pw I|p-]n-Sn¨v Cu c|v tcmK-§-tfbpw \mw ssIImcyw sNbvXt- ¸mÄ sXmgn \jvSs - ¸-«Xv `mc-X¯ - nse A½ssZh-¯n\-pw a²y-]qÀÆ-tZ-i-¯nse ]pcpjssZh-¯n-\p-am-Wv. kq£-a v P - o-hn-If - psS PohnX-coXnsIm|v \ap-¡p-|m-Ip¶ tcmK§sf ]m]wsIm|pw P•wsIm|pw hni-Zo-I-cn-t¡| Bhiyw C¶n-Ã. AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ P\n-X-I-tem-I-¯nsâ hmXn Xpd-¶Xn\ptij-amWv ]mc-¼-cy-ambn \ap¡p e`n-¡p¶ tcmK-§-fpsS ImcWw bYmÀ°-¯n hyà-am-b-Xv. IpjvTw "kÀ¸-tZmjw' sIm|mWv D|m-Ip-¶sX¶ -hn-izm-kw _mIväo-cn-b-t]m-se-bpÅ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS D×-sb-¸-än-bpÅ Adn-hn-Ãm-bva-bnÂ\n¶pw Bcw-`n-¨-Xm-Wv. CXnÂ\n¶v kq£-va-Po-hn-I-fpsS Pohn-X-co-Xn-sb¸-än-bpÅ Adn-hn-Ãm-bvabpw P\n-XI Adn-hp-If - psS ssIam-äs¯ kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ Adn-hn-Ãm-bvabpw hkvXp-¡-fpsS \ne-\n¸n-s\¸-änbpw Ah-bpsS kzm`m-hn-I-am-ä-s¯-¸-än-bp-apÅ AdnhnÃm-bvabpw kaqew tNÀ¯p-Ip-g¨ - X - mWv _p²sâ "t_mt[m-Zbw' F¶pw tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ "shfn-]m-Sv' F¶pw \_n-bpsS "{]hm-N-IXzw' F¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ H«pw hnj-an-t¡-|-Xn-Ã. Ignª P•-§fp-sSbpw ]m]-hn-tam-N\§fp-sSbpw kzÀ¤-\-c-I-bm-{X-I-fp-sSbpw ae-ap-If - n-sebpw ac¯Wen-sebpw t_mt[m-Zb - § - f - p-sSbpw shfn -]m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw cl-ky-§Ä tXSn shdpsX \mw Ip¯n-bn-cp¶v [ym\n¨v N´n ]p®m-t¡-|-Xn-Ã, ap«p-Ip-¯ntbm s\än-ap-«nt¨m Xg-¼p-|m-t¡| Bh-iy-hp-an-Ã. {]]-©-{]-Xn-`mks¯ Af-¶dnbm\pÅ Af-hp-tIm-epIfmbn \mw Imes¯bpw tZi-s¯bpw a\-Ên-em-¡m¯Xp-sIm-|mWv, hkvXp-¡Ä Ime-tZi§Ä¡p-Ån IpSp-§n-¡n-S-¡p¶ "]c-amÀ °'-a-Ãm¯, {]I-c-W-t`-Z-a-\p-k-cn¨v "bmYmÀ°y'amtbm "A]-hm-Z-' 70

am-dn-h-cp¶ PohnX]cnIev]-\-IÄ

amtbm "A²ym-tcm-]'- amtbm "amb'-bmtbm "Ahn-Zy-'bmtbm "AÚm\'-amtbm "krjvSn-'bmtbm H¶mbn \mw [cn¨Xv. AXp-t]mseXs¶ bmWv BßobtemI-ho-£-W-¯n\v hncp-²-ambn cq]-s¸« "`uXnI-hm-Z'ho£-W¯ - nepw Ime-tZ-i¯ - n-\p-Ån hÀ¯n-¡p¶ "`uXnI-h-kvXp-¡-f'mbn Chsb \mw I|Xv. {]]©w Hcn-¡epw AdnªpXoÀ¡m-hp¶ H¶-Ã. AXns\ \mw "a\-Ên-em-¡n-'bn-cp-¶Xv a\p-jyÀ kz´-ambn hnI-kn-¸n¨ Afhp-tIm-ep-If - n-eq-sS-bmsW¶v \mw AdnªpI-gnªtÃm. BZy-Ime-§-fn a\p-jyÀ hnI-kn-¸n¨ Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fpsS A]-cym]vXXbpw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n. C¶v {]]-©b - m-YmÀ°y-¯n\v Ipd-¨p-IqSn kam-\-sa¶v hnfn-¡m-hp¶ Afhp-tIm-ep-I-fmWv \mw hnI-kn-¸n-¨ncn-¡p-¶s - X¶v ImWp-hm³ Ign-bpw. AXn-\m-emWv kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb C{µn-b-§Ä¡v A{]m-]y-ambn \n¡p¶ P\n-X-I, AWptaJ-eI-fnse Adnhp-IÄ \ap¡v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\mhp-¶Xv. Cu Af-hptIm-ep-Isf kam-\-sa¶v am{Xta \mw IW-¡m-¡mhq. ImcWw, {]]©w a\-Ên-em-bn-¯o-cp¶ H¶Ã. \½psS a\-Ên-em-¡-ep-IÄ a\p-jy-cp-Ån-S-t¯mfw Imew IqSp-X kq£va-X-tbmsS XpScp-IX-s¶-sN-¿pw.

AI-e-§-fn-te¡v t\m¡m-\pw {]hÀ¯n-¡m-\papÅ \½psS Ign-hmWv aäv Pohn-IÄ¡p-ap-I-fn Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-sa-¶-\n-e-bn \ap¡v A`q-X-]qÀÆ-amb hfÀ¨-t\-Sn-¯-¶Xv. F´mtWm DÅXv AXns\ Adnbm³ Ime-sa¶ Af-hp-tIm-ep-sIm|v Af-¡pt¼mÄ amä-sa¶pw tZi-sa¶ Af-hp-tIm-ep-sIm|v Af¡p-t¼mÄ AI-e-sa¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p¶Xv. Cu A\p-`-h-s¯-bmWv \mw {]]-©sa¶v hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu a\-Ên-em-¡-ep-IÄ¡v ]pd-¯p \n¡p¶hsb "AÛp-X§ - Ä' F¶-\n-eb - n-emWv \mw ssIImcyw sNbvXphcp-¶-Xv. A§-s\-bmWv "`mhn'bntebv¡v t\m¡m-\pÅ Ignhv AÛp-X-ambn C¶pw hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. bYmÀ°-¯n tZisa¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶Xv A©n-{µn-b-§-fn-eqsS IS¶p hcp¶ A\p-`-h-§-sf-bm-Wv. Cu A\p`hw am{Xta aäp Pohn-IÄ¡p-Åq.

Ime-sa¶ A\p-`hw B´-cn-I-ambn \mw amäs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ {]{In-b-bm-Wv. CXmWv aäp Pohn-I-fnÂ\n¶pw \s½ `n¶-cm-¡p¶ {][m\ hyXym-kw. Ime-sa¶ B´-cn-Im-\p-`hw DÄ]-cn-hÀ¯-\¯n-eqsS \ap¡p e`n¨ P\n-XIapt¶-ä-am-Wv. CXmWv "hcpw hcmbvIIsf'¸än Btem-Nn¨v \s½ ]²XnIÄ X¿m-dm-¡m³ sIev]pÅ-h-cm-¡n-b-Xv. Cu sIev]v aäp Pohn-Isf shÃm³ \s½ hf-sc -b-[nIw klm-bn-¨p. hcm³ km²y-X-bpÅ "`mhn-IÄ' \mw B´cn-I-ambn krjvSn-¡p-¶p. AXnÂ\n¶pw Gähpw bpàn-`-{Z-am-bXv {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡m³ {ian-¡pw. ]t£, H¶p ]cm-P-b-s¸-«m 71

a\pjycdnbm³

asäm¶p \S-¸m-¡m-hp¶ ]e-bn\w ]²-Xn-I-Ä \½Ä¡p|m-bn-cn¡pw. C§s\ hcm³ t]mIp¶ "`mhn' GI-tZiw \nÀ®-bn-¡m³ a\p-jy-s\¶ PohnhÀ¤-¯n\p Ignªp F¶XmWv \½psS FÃm t\«-¯n-sâbpw ASn-bn-ep-Å-Xv. C\n, `qan Xncn-bp-¶X - n-s\-bmWv Znh-k§ - s - f¶v hyh-lmckuIcy-¯n\mbn apdn¨v apdn¨v a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶s - X¶v \mw I|p-Ig - n-ªp. `mhn- b nÂ\n¶pw hÀ¯- a m- \ - ¯ n- t e¡v h¶v `qX- ¯ n- t e¡v Hgp-Ip¶ {]hm-l-am-bn-«mWv Ime-sa¶ Af-hp-tIm-ens\ \mw XcwXn-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶X - .v ]|s¯ ap\n-IÄ Xma-ch - Å - n-bn kqNn-Ib - ä - p ¶Xn\m-hn-iy-amb Ime-b-f-hmbn hÀ¯-am-\s¯ KWn-¨n-cp-¶p. ]t£, \mw t^msW-Sp¯v C´y-bnÂ\n¶pw Ata-cn-¡-bn-te¡v hnfn-¨m Cu Xcw-Xn-cn-shÃmw AÀ°-iq-\y-amIpw. C´y-bn Ccp¶v Ata-cn-¡-bn-te¡v \mw hnfn-¡p-t¼mÄ Cu XcwXncn-h-\p -k-cn¨v hÀ¯-am-\-¯n-en-cp¶v `qX-¯n-te-¡mWv hnfn-¡p-¶-sX¶v Bsc-¦nepw HmÀ¡m-dpt|m? AXp-t]mse Ata-cn-¡-bn-en-cp¶p C´y-bn-te¡v hnfn-¡p-t¼mÄ hÀ¯-am-\-¯n-en-cp¶p `mhn-bn-tebv¡mWv hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. A§-s\bà c|p-t]cpw hÀ¯-am-\-¯nen-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v ]d-ªm ]ns¶ `qXhpw `mhn-bp-sam¶pw Csöp hcpw. Ahn-sS-bmW,v amäs¯ B´-cn-I-ambn a\-Ên-em¡p-¶Xpam{X-amWv Ime-sa¶ Af-hp-tImÂsIm|v \mw sN¿p¶-Xv F¶v ImWmw. AXp-t]mse XpS-¡-§-fn-Ãm¯ `qan-bn F{X-sb{X {]tZ-i§-fm-Wv C¶pÅ-sX¶pw \mw I|p-I-gn-ªp. FÃm kaq-l-§fpw Hcp- co-Xn-bn-es - Ã-¦n asäm-cp-co-Xn-bn Cu Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ hnI k - n-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯X - n-\m Ch A{X t- am-ia - s - öpw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. ]t£, GXv Af-hp-tIm-ep-Isfbpwt]mse Cu Af-hp-tIm-ep-Ifpw ]cnanX-s¸-«Xpw A¡m-c-W-¯m AÛp-X-§sf krjvSn-¡p-¶-hbp-am-Wv. C{µn-b-§Ä¡v hnj-bo-`-hn-¡m\pw AXn-\m "a\-Ên-em¡'m\pw Ign-bp¶ H¶Ã Izm|w ^nkn-Ivkv. AXn-\m Izm|w ^nkn-Ivkv Xs¶ AÛp-X-ambn A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-X-c-¯n-emWv Ccn¡p-¶X - v. "Ime-tZim'XnhÀ¯n-bmbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶ c - o-Xn-bn-emWv AXnsâ Is|-¯ep-Isf C¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xv. kq£va-IW-§-fpsS Xe-¯n Htckabw ASp¯pw AI-sebpw "hkvXp' {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xmbpw ]co-£Ww kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\-\p-k-cn¨v AXv D|t]mse Dcp|pw Xnc-t]mse ]c¶pw Htckabw Ccn-¡p¶-Xmbpw \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶p. Cu A\p-`-h-§sfÃmwXs¶ \½psS ]gb Af-hp-tIm-ep-If - psS D¸-¶a - mbn a\-Ên-em-¡n-bm Cu thh-em-Xn-IÄ Hgn-hm-¡mw. IqSp-X ka-{K-amb Af-hp-tImep-IÄ D|m-¡p-¶Xp-hgn CXv ]cn-lc - n-¡m-hp-¶t - X-bp-Åq. ]t£, Cu ]cn-lm-chpw BXy-´n-I-am-sW¶v [cn-¨p-h-im-I-cp-Xv. 72

am-dn-h-cp¶ PohnX]cnIev]-\-IÄ

AI-e-§-fn-te¡v, AXm-bXv "`mhn'bnte¡p t\m¡m-\pÅ Ignhv a\p-jy-k-l-P-am-Wv, AXmWv A\y-Po-hn-hÀ¤-§-fpsS apIfn \ap¡v B[n-]-Xy-ap-|m-¡n-b-Xv. atä-sXm-cp -I-gn-hp-wt]mse hyàn-K-X-ambn CXn\v Gä-¡p-d¨nep-|m-hp-sa¶p am{Xw. `mcw s]m¡p-¶X - p-t]m-se, thK-¯n-tem-Sp-¶X - p-t]m-se, hyàn-KX - a - mbn Cu Ignhv Gdnbpw Ipdªpw Ccn-¡pw. temI-¯pÅ kIe "Znhy' •mcp-sSbpw cl-ky-an-Xm-Wv. hcm-\p-Å-Xv A-dn-bm-\pÅ BImw£ PohnXw Icp-¸n-Sn-¸n-¡m³ DZy-an-¡p¶ BÀ¡pw D|mbn-cn¡pw; AXv BhiyhpamWv. `mhn-\nÀ½m-W-{]-{In-b-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«mWv {]]-©-{k-jvSm-hns\ \mw \nÀ½n-¨Xpw AXns\ tkh-]n-Sn¨Xpw C¶pw tkh-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xpw. {]]-©-\nÀ½mXm-hns\ tkh]n-Sn-¨m `mhn-kp-\n-Ýn-X-am-¡m-sa-¶-tam-l-amWv Cu hnizm-k¯nsâ ImXÂ. cmPm-hns\ "apJw ImWn¨v' ImgvNIÄ h¨v {]oWn ¸ - n¨v Imcy-§Ä km[n-¨n-cp¶ coXn-bpsS XpSÀ¨-bm-Wn-X.v ssZhs¯ \mw hnfn-¡p-¶Xpw ImWp-¶Xpw "cmPm-[n-cm-Ps - \'-¶m-W.v {]]-©I - À ¯mhv hnNm-cn-¨m XoÀ¡m-hp¶ {]iv\-§tf \ap-¡p-Åq-Xm-\pw.

F¶mÂ, A¸-kz¸w `mhn-am-{Xta {]]-©-¯n-epÅq, ImcWw \nc-´cw amdp-¶Xpw "hÀ¯-am\'¯nse Htcm {]hr¯nbpw AXns\ amän-adn¡p-¶Xpam-Wv. AXn-\m {]h-N-\-§-sfÃmw Htc-k-abw sXäpw- i-cn-bp-am-Imw. icn-bm-bXv am{Xw kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sXämbXv kuI-cy-]qÀÆw ad-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶X - ph-gn-bmWv tZhn-amcpw tZh-•mcpw tPmÕy-•m-cp-saÃmw Pohn-¨p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xv. {]h-Nn-¨Xv sXän-b-Xn\v {]mb-Ýn-¯w, D]-im-´n F¶n-h-tbm-sSm¸w sNe-hpk-lnXw \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \ÂtI-|n-h-¶m tPmÕy-•m-scÃmw Ip¯p-]m-f-sb-Sp-¯p-t]m-Ipw. `mhn, hÀ¯-am-\w, `qXw F¶-\n-e-bn Ime-sa¶ Af-hp-tImens\ XcwXncn-¡p-¶X - p-hgn \map-|m-¡p¶ Øe-Pe - {- `-aa - mWv Cu {]h-N\ - § - fpw AXnsâ tImem-le - § - f - pw. AXo-{µn-bÚ m-\¯n\pw AXn-t\m-sSm¯v {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp¶ aäv cl-ky-Úm-\-§Ä¡p-w CSw-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xv Cu Ime-sa¶ Af-hp-tImem-Wv. C¶v Izm|w ^nknIvkv F¯n-t\m-¡p¶ CS-§f - nse ]p¯³ Af-hptIm-ep-IÄ Cu Øe-P-e-{`-a-¯n\v XmXv¡m-enI hncm-a-anSpsa¶v GI-tZiw \ap¡v {]Xo-£n¡mw.

73

AÑ-\-½-{]-hÀ¯\w

GI-tIm-iP - o-hn-If - nÂ\n¶v _lp-tImik¦oÀ®-Po-hn-Ifn-te¡v Pohsâ bm{X XpSÀ¶-t¸mÄ ]e L«-§f - n-embn cq]-s¸« {][m-\-s¸« Nne kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fmWv CWtNÀ¶v k´-Xn-Isf DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶ coXn, Ip«n-Isf hfÀ¯n hep-Xm-¡p¶ coXn, Ip«n-IÄ hfÀ¶m hf-À ¯n-b-hÀ acn¨p a®-Sn-bp¶ coXn. A\-´a - mb hn`-P\ - ¯ - n-eqsS kzbw \ne\nev¡pIbpw XpS-cp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ GI-tIm-iP - o-hn-If - psS coXn-If - n \n¶pw hn`n-¶-ambn c|v tImi-§Ä tbmPn¨v Ah-cpsS P\n-XI - h - n-hc - § - Ä Iq«n-t¨À¯n-W¡n ap³s]m-cn-¡epw D|m-bn-cp-¶n-«n-Ãm¯ aq¶m-a-sXm-¶ns\ D|m-¡n-sb-Sp¡p-¶-XmWv ssewKn-I-X. k¦oÀ®-amb GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fn¯s¶ Bcw-`n¨-XmWv Cu {]{In-b. Cu k¦oÀ® GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-IÄ D|m- I p- ¶ XpXs¶ ]c- k v] cw Bl- c n- ¡ p- ¶ Xphgnbm-Wv. Cu ]c-k] v c Bl-c-W-¯n Ihnªv IqSp-X IqSp-X kq£vahpw hyXy-kvXhpw BIp-¶-Xp-h-gnbmWv BsW¶pw s]s®¶pw DÅ Xcw-Xn-cnhv Pohn-X{]-{In-bb - n Bcw-`n-¨X - .v BZy-Im-e§ - f - n BWpw s]®pw F¶ Xcw-Xn-cnhv Hcp Pohn-bn¯-s¶-bmWv kw`-hn-¨ncp-¶X - v. A¯-c¯ - n-ep-ÅX - nsâ XpSÀ¨ C¶pw temI-¯p|v. IqSp-X sNSnIfpw ac-§f - p-saÃmw C¯-c¯ - n-ep-Åh-bm-Wv. Ne-\-ti-jn-bpÅ Pohn-I-fn-se-¯p-t¼mÄ Cu Xcw-Xn-cnhv cqV-aq-e-am-Ip-¶p. F¦nepw HcmWv s]®mIp-¶-Xnt\m Hcp s]®v BWm-Ip-¶-Xnt\m henb {]bm -k-sam¶pw D|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. C¶pw Nne-bn\w ao\p-I-fp-sS -bn-S-bn-epÅ B¬a-Õys¯ Bsc-¦nepw Nq|-bn-«p]n-Sn-¨m Im-eX - m-akw A[n-Iw- CÃmsXXs¶ s]¬a-Õy -§-fp-sS-bn-S-bn \n¶v Hsc®w B¬a-Õy-¯nsâ e£W-§Ä ImWn-¨p-sIm|v XpS-§n, \½sf AÛp-X-s¸-Sp¯p¶ coXn-bnÂ, BWmbn amdp-¶Xp ImWmw. B¬þs]¬ hyXymkw Hcp ag-hn-Ãp-t]mse a\-Ên-em¡-Ww. Hc-ä¯v ""BWp'§fm-sW-¦n asä-bä - ¯v "s]®p' 74

AÑ-\-½-{]-hÀ¯\w

§fm-Wv. ]t£, `qcn-]£ - hpw CXn\p c|n\pw a[y-¯n-epÅ AhØ-bn-emWv Pohn-¡p-¶X - .v AXn-\m hyàn-Is - f¶ \ne-bn \½ fn-tem-tcm-cp-¯c - nepw Cu ag-hnÃv kzXz-t_m-[c - o-Xn-bnepw {]hÀ¯n¡pw. th|pwh®w BWm-Im¯ BWp-§fpw th|pwh®w s]®m-Im¯ s]®p-§fpw BWp-§-fnse BW-¯-ap-Å-h\pw s]®p-§-fnse s]®-¯ap-Å-hfpw BWp-§-fnse s]®-¯-ap-Åhcpw s]®p-§-fnse BW-¯-ap-Åhcpw Hs¡ \½p-sS-bn-S-bn-ep|m-Ipw. ]e-t¸mgpw Cu a\-Ên-em-¡-ensâ A`mhw B¬-þ-s]¬ kzXzt_m-[-s¯-¸än kaq-l-¯n henb Bi-b-¡p-g¸w krjvSn-¡mdp-|.v B¬Ip-«n-Isf "hfÀ¯n' s]®m-¡n-sb-¶pw s]¬Ip-«n-Is - f "hfÀ¯n'BWm-¡n-sb¶pw Hs¡ ]dªv ]c-k] v cw hg-¡-Sn-¡pI-bmWv ]Xn-hv. Cu B¬s]¬kz-Xz-t_m[w, AXn-cp-t_m-[w F¶v ap³]v kqNn-¸n¨ Poh-t_m-[-hp-ambn DÄt¨À¶mWv \mw A\p-`-hn-¡m-dv. AXn-\m B¬þs]¬ hyXymkw Cu AXn-cpt_m[m\p-`-h-¯n D|m-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. c|m-bncw ssa AIse t]mbn ap«-bn«v C¡-cbv¡p t]mIp¶ Ba-IÄt¡m ]pgp-hm-Ip-t¼mÄ Xn¶m-\pÅ Ce-bpsS Nph-«n ap«-bn-«p-t]m-cp¶ Nn{X-i-e-`-§Ät¡m Xpd-bn-cp¶v ap«-hn-cn-bn¡p¶ ]m¼p-IÄt¡m Bsc-¦nepw ]gw Xn¶v Xp¸p-t¼mÄ hoWv Infn-À¡p¶ hn¯pIÄ DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶ ac-§Ät¡m H¶pwXs¶ hfÀ¯Â F¶p ]d-bp¶ ""AÑ-\-½-{]-hÀ¯\w'' Aev]w-t]mepw Bh-iy-an-Ã. AÑ\pw A½bv¡pw DÅ k¼qÀ®-amb Adnhv a¡Ä¡p P\n-X-I-ambn e`n-¡p¶ coXn-bmWv ta¸-d-ª-Xv. AXnÂ\n¶p `n¶-am-bn, Hcp hyàn¡v Xsâ Pohn-X¯ - n "kz´'ambp-|m-Ip¶ A\p-`-h-§sf P\n-X-I-co-Xn-bne-ÃmsX kam-´-c-ambn ]IÀ¶v ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eqsS sImSp-¡p¶ co-Xn¡mWv hfÀ¯-se¶v ]d b - p-¶X - .v Cu hfÀ¯-em-Is« BZyIme-§f - n AÑ•m-cpsS Xcn¼pw Bh-iy-an-ÃmsX A½-amÀ¡p-am{Xw ssIImcyw sN¿m-hp¶ H¶m bn-cp¶p. hfÀ¯-ensâ Ip¯-Im-h-Imiw A½am-cn \n£n-]vX-am-bncp-¶p. CXn-s\mcp Imc-W-ap-|m-bn-cp-¶p. AXv {]XypXv]m-Z\ {]{In-b-bn-epÅ B¬þs]¬ hyXym-k-am-Wv. acn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap¼v Ign-bp-¶{X thK-¯n Ign-bp-¶{X s]®p-§Ä¡v KÀ`-ap-|m¡pI F¶ Htc-sbmcp ZuXyw am{Xw \nÀÆ-ln-¡m-\pÅ "b{´'ambn«mWv BWp-§Ä cq]-s¸-«-Xv. Cu b{´-¯nÂ\n¶v Hcn-W-bnte-¡pw CW-bnÂ\n¶v Hc-Ñ-\n-te¡pw Cu ]pcpj{]P hyXy-kvXamb Pohn-I-fn-eqsS hyXy-kvX-amb coXn-bn hf-cp-¶p-|v.

AS-bn-cp¶v ap« hncn-¡pI F¶ A½-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯n BZyambn CS-s]« Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-¯n-\mWv CW-bpsS Bhiyw A\n75

a\pjycdnbm³

76

AÑ-\-½-{]-hÀ¯\w

hm-cy-ambn amdn-b-Xv. ap« hncn-bm-\pÅ Ime-Xm-akwsIm|p-|mIp¶ `£--W{- ]-i\ v hpw Xcw In«n-bm ap«-Is - fÃmw X«n-sb-Sp-¡p¶ A\y-Po-hn-I-fpsS B{I-a-W-hp-amWv CW-bpsS Bhiyw AXym-hiy-am-¡n-¯oÀ¯-Xv. CW-bn-Ãm-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ AS-bn-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ Blm-c-{]iv\w ]cn-lc - n-¨n-cp-¶Xv XsâXs¶ kz´w ap« sIm¯ns¸m-«n¨v IpSn-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sSbpw CW-bn-ÃmsX hfÀ¶ IqSp-X k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-IÄ, {]k-hn-¡p¶ kz´w Ipªp-§-fn Ht¶m ct|m F®-¯ns\ Bl-cn-¨p-amWvv. AÑ-s\¶ CW-bn-Ãm¯, \½Ä hfÀ¯p¶, ]«n-Ifnepw ]q¨-Ifnepw Cu kz`mhw Ct¸mgpw \ap¡p ImWmw. kz´w Ip«n-Isf Xn¶p¶ ""{Iqc-cmb'' A½-amcm-bn-«mWv \mw Cu Pohn-If - psS s]cp-am-äs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m-dp-ÅX - .v AS-bn-cn-¡p¶ X\n¡v `£-Ws - a-¯n-¡m-\pÅ X{´-sa¶ coXnbn-emWv Hcp B¬CWsb s]¬hÀ¤w Is|-¯n-bX - v. amdn-amdn AS-bn-cn-¡p¶ coXnbpw ]n¡m-e¯v D|m-bn-«p-|v. AXnsâ XpSÀ¨-bmbn ap« hncnªv Ipªp-§f - p-|m-Ip-t¼mÄ Ahbv¡pw Blmcw F¯n-¡m³ Nne hn`m-K§ - f - n-se-¦nepw Cu CW D]-tbmK-s¸-Sm-dp-|.v aäp Nne hn`m-K§ - f - n ap«-bn«v CWsb G¸n-¡p¶ ]Xnhpw D|m-bn-«p-|v. s]®nW ap«-bn-«Xv kz´w DZ-c-¯n h-ln¨v hncn-s¨-Sp¯v hfÀ¯n hep-Xm-¡p¶ Aѳhsc-bp-|v.

Ip«n-It- fm-SpÅ Cu X¸-cX kz´w P\n-XI - h - ym-]\ - ¯ - n\v Gähpw \à hnZy-bmbn Xncn-¨-dnª hn`m-K-amWv C§s\ sNbvX-Xv. ao³hÀ¤-§-fp-sS-bn-S-bn CW-bpsS DÅn-eà AWvU-_o-P-k¦-e\w \S-¡p-¶Xvv. s]®nW C« ap«-bn BWnW _oPw \nt£ -]n¨v KÀ`-]m-{X-¯n\p ]pd-¯mWv AWvU-þ-_oP kwtbmP\w \S¡p-¶-Xv. Cu {]{In-b-sIm|v aäp ]pcp-j-•mÀ¡pw B ap«-I-fpsS apIfn _oPw \nt£- ] n- ¡ m- \ pÅ km[y- X bpw kuI- c yhpw D|mIpw. Cu Adn-hv Imc-WamW,v ISÂIp-Xncsb¶ ta¸-dª hn`mKw, s]®nW CSp¶ ap« kz´w DZ-c-¯n-te¡pXs¶ hln¨v AXn-\p-Ån h¨v _oP-k-¦-e\w \S¯n aämÀ¡pw CS-s]-Sm³ Ah-kcw \evImsX Ip«n-Isf hfÀ¯p¶ coXn hnI-kn-¸n-¨-Xv. AÃmsX Ip«n-I-tfm-SpÅ "Aan-X-hm-Õeyw' sIm|à F¶p \mw Adn-b-Ww. Hcp CW-am{Xw DÅ Pohn-hÀ¤-§Ä hfsc hnc-f-ambn am{Xta `qan-bn D|m-bn-«p-Åq. tImSn-¡-W-¡n\v sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ PohnhÀ¤-§-fp-s|-¦nepw hnc-en-se-®m-hp-¶h am{X-amWv Hcp CW F¶ coXn Ah-ew-_n-¨n-«p-ÅX - v. Ipd¨p \mf-t¯-¡v Hcp C - W F¶ coXn-bmWv IqSp-Xepw I|p-h-cp-¶-Xv. AXm-bXv Hcp Xh-Ws¯ CWtNc-en-eqsS D|m-Ip¶ Ipªp-§sf hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡m³ Bh-iy-amb Ime-b-f-hn am{Xw. 77

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Ip«n-Isf hfÀ¯pI F¶ {]hr¯n-bn GÀs¸« s]¬hÀ¤ ¯n\v Iq«v F¶ AÀ°-¯n-emWv ]pcp-jsâ ]¦v IS-¶p-hc - p-¶X - v.

AXm-Is« AS-bn-cn-¡p-t¼m-gpÅ Blm-c-k-¼m-Z-\-¯n\pw A\yPo-hn-I-fpsS B{I-a-W-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-Xn\pwth|n-bm-sW¶pw \mw kqNn-¸n-¨p-h-tÃm. Cu {]{Inb-IÄs¡m¸wh¶ asämcp Imcyw Ip«n-I-fpsS _u²nIhnImkwsIm|v Ip«n-¡mew \o|p-t]m-bXm-Wv. P\n-X-I-amb Adnhv ]cn-]qÀ®-ambn ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp¶ coXn-tbm-sSm¸w AXn\p IqSp-X klm-bI - c - w- F¶ \ne-bn-emWv _p²n-bpsS hnImkw KÀ`-]m-{X-¯n\p ]pd-¯p-h¨v \S-¯pI F¶ coXn hnI-kn-¨Xv. _p²n-bpsS hnImkw C{µn-b§ - f - n-eqsS sImSp¯pw hm§n-bpamWv kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. t\ct¯ P\n¡p¶-Xphgn _p²n-bpsS hnImkw IqSp-X ]cn-]-Iz-am-Ipw. C§s\ AXn-Po-h-\-{]m]vXn hÀ²n-¸n¡pw F¶ Is|-¯-emWv \o| Ip«n-¡m-e-¯n\p ImcWw. Cu Xnc-sª-Sp¸v \S-¯nb Pohn-hÀ¤-§-fnse s]¬hn-`m-K ¯n\v, KÀ`w [cn-¸n¨v "Øew Imen'-bm-¡n-bn-cp¶, ]pcp-j-•msc CW¡n \nÀt¯-|-bm-hiyap|m-bn. CXnsâ ]mc-ay-X-bmWv ]Xn-s\«p hÀj-sa-¦nepw Ip«n-¡m-ea - pÅ a\p-jy-Po-hn-If - nse s]hÀ¤-¯n-\p-|m-b-Xv. BWp-§-fpsS BtcmKyw AsÃ-¦n t]in-_ew A²zm-\n¨p IpSpw_w ]peÀ¯m\Ã, adn¨v ]c-k] v cw t]mc-Sn¨v hnP-bn¨v, Ignbp-¶{X s]®p-§sf KÀ`n-Wn-I-fm-¡m-\pÅ Ah-Im-i-¯n-\m-bn -«mWv cq]w-sIm-|n-«p-Å-Xv. s]®p-§Ä¡p-|m-Ip¶ FÃm Ip«nIfpw Ah-cp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw, AXv \nÝbw. ]t£, ]pcp-j• - mÀ¡v Ah-cpsS ]nXrXzw XoÀ¨-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Un.-F³.F sSÌv hcp-¶-Xphsc Hcn-¡epw km[y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn-\m ]pcp-jP - o-hn-X¯ - n c|v D¶-ta-bp-Åq. Ign-bp-¶{X kv{Xo-Isf KÀ`n-Wn-I-fm-¡p-I, asäm-¶v, Xm³ _Ô-s¸-Sp¶ kv{XoI-fn-sem-cmfpw asämcp ]pcp-j\p-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ t\m¡p-I. AXm-bX - ,v P\n-XI - a - mbn ssIamäw sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ Xsâ hnti-j-Kp-W-§Ä IeÀ¸n-ÃmsX apt¶m-«p-sIm-|p-t]m-hpI, Xsâ Ip«n-I-fn-eqsS XpSÀ¨ Dd-¸m¡p-I. CXmWv ]pcp-jP - o-hn-Xe - £ - yw. F¶m D|m-Ip¶ Ip«n-IÄ Xsâ kz´-am-sW¶p kwi-bc - l - n-Xa - mbn Adn-bp-¶X - p-hgn AXnsâ \ne-\nÂ]v Xsâ \ne-\n-Â]p-X-s¶-bm-sW¶ Xncn-¨-dn-thmsS AXns\ ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡pI F¶ Hscm-ä-e£yw am{X-amWv kv{Xo P•-¯n-ep-Å-Xv. BZy-Im-e§ - f - n ssiihw {lkz-am-bn-cp-¶X - n-\m AÑ-s\¶ ]pcp-j\ - mb hn`-hk - a - m-lc - W - I - À¯m-hns\ s]¬hÀ¤-¯n\v H«pw Bh-iy-ap-|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. C¡m-cW - ¯ - m Ipªnsâ hfÀ¯en 78

AÑ-\-½-{]-hÀ¯\w

AÑsâ ]¦v XoÀ¯pw Bh-iy-an-Ãmbn-cp¶p. \½psS ]nS-t¡m-gn¡v Ip«n-Isf hfÀ¯m³ ]qhsâ Bh-iy-ta-bn-Ã. ]n¡m-e¯v IqSpX k¦oÀ®-amb Pohn-I-fp-|m-hp-Ibpw _p²n-hn-Im-k-¯n\v Bh- i y- a mbn _mey- I mew \o|p- t ]m- h p- I bpw sNbv X - t ¸mÄ {ItaW {ItaW Ipªp-§fpsS hfÀ¯-en kv{XoIÄ¡v ]pcpj-•m-cpsS Bhiyw IqSp-X IqSp-X D|m-bn-h-¶p. A§s\ hfÀ¯-en AÑ-•msc CW-¡n- \n-e\nÀt¯-|Xv kv{XoIÄ¡v AXymh-iy-ambnh-¶p. kz´w P\n-X-I-¯p-SÀ¨ Ip«n-I-fn-eqsS \ne-\nÀ¯m³ ]pcp-j•mÀ sh¼pw F¶-dn-bp-¶-Xp-sIm|v Ah-cpsS Ip«n-IÄXs¶-bmsW¶v Dd¸phcp-¯m³ kv{XoI-fpsS `mK¯p\n¶v D|mb Hcp {ia-amWv C¶p \mw ImWp¶ Nmcn-{Xy-¯nsâ s]¬hiw. AXmbXv "\n§-fpsS Ip«n-bmWv Fsâ DZ-c-¯n-ep-ÅXv' F¶v ]pcp-j\v Dd-¸psIm-Sp-¡¶ - - co-Xn-bn ]d-bp-Ibpw s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sN¿pI. CXn\p ]qc-I-ambn, asämcp ]pcp-j\pw Xm³ _Ô-s¸-Sp¶ kv{Xo bp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp¶Xv XS-bm³ cq]-s¸« ]pcp-j-t_m-[-amWv Nmcn-{Xy-¯nsâ ]pcp-jh - i - w. "\½psS Ipªp-§sf Rm³ t\m¡pw ]t£, \o aäm-cp-ambn _Ô-s¸-ScpXv' F¶ hmKvZm-\hpw k½-X]-{X-hp-amWv Ah. Ch ]c-k] v c]qc-I-am-Ip-¶n-S¯v hfÀ¯-en kv{Xo]p-cpj ]¦m-fn¯w IqSp-X Dd-¸m-¡m-\mIpsa¶v a\p-jyk-aqlw I|p-]n-Sn-¨-XmWv Nmcn-{Xy-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\w.

Pohn-X{- ]-{Inb GI-ap-Ja - à F¶v \mw ]e-Xh - W ap³]v kqNn-¸n ¨ - n-«p-|t - Ãm. ]e-Xcw hnti-jK - p-W§ - Ä ]e-Im-e¯v ]e-hn-[m-hi - y§Ä¡mbn D|m-bXv Nne-Im-e-§-fn H¯p-tNÀ¶pw Nne-Im-e§-fn hnL-Sn¨pamWv IqSp-X k¦oÀ®-amb Pohn-I-fp-|m-b-Xv. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m ]ehn[ aqey-§f - psS Hcp kwLÀj-`q-an-Ib - mWv k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-fpsS Pohn-Xw. AXn\m a\p-jy-cpsS Imcy-sa-Sp¯mÂ, a\p-jy-t_m[hpw AXnsâ aqey-k¦ - oÀ®X-Ifpw IqSp-X hni-Ie - \ - § - Ä¡v hnt[-ba - m¡n Hmtcmtcm khn-ti-jI - m-eL - «- ¯n\-\p-k-cn¨v a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. F¦nepw Znim-t_m-[-¯n\v Pohsâ Cu s]mXp-hmb e-£y-§Ä FÃm a\-Ên-em-¡-enepw Hcp \qept]mse tImÀ¯n-W-¡m³ D|m-bn-cn-¡Ww. ac-W-an-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fnÂ\n¶v k¦oÀ® GItIm-i-Po-hn-I-fn-te¡pw AhnsS\n¶v _lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fn-tebv¡pw F¯n, CW-tN-c-en-eqsS k´-Xn-]-c-¼-c-Isf DXv]m-Zn-¸n¨v \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ Pohn-I-fmWv ac-W-sa¶ kmt¦-Xn-I-hnZy kzoI-cn-¨Xv. Ip«n-I-fn-eqsS Pohn-¡pI F¶ X{´-amWv A\-´-amb hn`-P\-¯n\p ]I-cw-h-¨-Xv. Cu ]I-cw-h-bv¡- c|v A\p-`-h-a-WvU-e -§sf Iq«n-bn-W¡n aq¶m-a-sXm-¶ns\ krjvSn-¡p¶ ssewKn-I{]-{In-b-bp-ambn kpZr-V-_Ôw ]peÀ¯p¶ H¶m-Wv. 79

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P\n-¨,v \½-sf-t¸m-epÅ ]Xn-¸p-Isf D¸m-Zn-¸n¨v ]n³hm-§p¶ coXn-bmWv ac-W-¯n-tâ-Xv. kn\n-a-bn ImWp-¶-Xp-t]mse Hcp-hi-t¯¡p hotWm izmkw In«msX hms]m-fnt¨m \nÝ-e-am-Ip¶ coXn-sbm-¶p-aà ac-W¯ - n-tâ-X.v buh-\¯ - p-Sn-¸nsâ ]c-aIm-jT v b - nÂ, AsÃ-¦n ae-I-bdn AXnsâ D¨n-bn-se¯n AhnsS\n¶v kmh[m\w Cd-§p¶ coXn-bmWv ac-W-¯n-tâ-Xv. Pcm-\-c-IÄ Bcw-`n¡p¶p F¶p \mw ]d-bp-¶-sXÃmw ac-W-e-£-W-§ÄXs¶-bm-Wv. ]e Ime-§f - n ]e coXn-bn ]e X«p-If - n-embn Cu Iogvt]m-«pÅ bm{X Bcw-`n-¡p-¶p. AXns\ kmh-[m-\-am-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ ]e Huj-[-§fpw \mw C¶v hnI-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯n-«p-|v. ]t£, PohnX-{]-{In-b-bpsS Hc-\n-hmcyLS-I-ambn k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-IÄ hnI-kn¸n¨ ac-W-sa¶ ]n³hm-§-ens\ \mw sXämbn [cn-¨n-«mWv AXnÃm-Xm-¡m-\pÅ {iaw Hcm-{Kl--Nn-´-bmbn sIm|p\S-¡p-¶-Xv. Hcn-¡epw Hcp ]mäbv¡v slen-tIm-]vS-dn-t\mfw hfÀ¶p hepXm-Im³ F´p-sIm|v Ign-bnà F¶v ap³]v \mw Is|-¯n-bt]mse Xs¶-bmWv a\p-jy\v AsÃ-¦n k¦oÀ®-Po-hnIÄ¡v acWw Hcn-¡epw Hgn-hm-¡m-\m-Im-¯-Xv. AsÃ-¦n ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn \mw Hcp k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-bà - m-Xmbn amdn-s¡mt| ac-Ws¯ bYmÀ °-¯n adn-I-S-¡m-\m-Iq. A§s\ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ ]mä F¶ AkvXnXzwhn«p-am-{Xta ]mäbv¡p hf-cm³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq F¶ Xpt]mse k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-If - psS AkvXnXzwhn«p-am-{Xta ac-Ws¯ adn-I-S-¡m-\m-Iq.

80

ssewKn-Ik -- -Zm-Nmc¯nsâ Bcw`w

BXy-´n-Ik - X - y-§Ä, k\m-X\ - a - q-ey-§Ä Fs¶Ãmw ]dªv a\pjykaq-l¯ - n-\p-Ån ]e-Xcw aqey-NÀ¨-IÄ \ne-\n- ¡m-dp-|v. "AXp ]ns¶ A§-s\-bteym th|Xv' F¶ Xc-¯n FÃm-hÀ¡pw kpk-½Xw F¶v tXm¶n-¡mhp¶ aqey-§Ä \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶Xv \mw Pohn-hÀ¤-§Ä¡nS-bn Hcp kwL-Po-hn-bmbn cq]-s¸-«-Xp-sIm-|m-sW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m-dn-Ã. ap«-bnÂ\n¶v hncnªv AÑ-\½ - a - m-cpsS ]cn-N-cWw H¶p-an-ÃmsX kz´w Imcyw t\m¡m³ {]m]v Xn-bpÅ Pohn-IÄ¡p-]I - cw XnI¨pw ZpÀ_-ec - mb Ipªp§-fmbn P\n¨v hyàn-I-fm-bn-¯o-cp¶ Ipc-§p-hn-`m-K¯nse Hcp imJ-bmWv a\p-jyÀ F¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. \½psS aqey-§s - fÃmwXs¶ kwL-ambn Pohn-¡p-¶X - n\v DXIp-¶Xpw AXn-\-\p-kr-X-hp-am-Wv. kwL-Po-hn-I-fn¯s¶ IrXy-amb sXmgn hn`-P\ apÅ BZy-Im-e-Po-hn-I-fp-ap-|v. Ddp-¼v, tX\o¨ XpS-§nb Pohn-IÄ IrXy-amb sXmgnÂhn`-P\w DÅ-hb - m-Wv. ChÀ t{iWo-_-²-amb _Ô-§-fn-eà Ign-bp-¶-Xv. tX\o-¨bnse ap«bn-Sp¶ tX\o-¨s - b-¡|v AXns\ "dmWn' F¶p hnfn¨ a\p-jyÀ, \½psS t{iWo-_² kaq-l¯ - nsâ Imcyw AXn-Ãm¯ kaq-l-¯n-em-tcm-]n-¡p-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. AÃmsX tX\o-¨-bnse dmWn¡v Aev]w-t]mepw dmWn¯-an-Ã. ap«-bn-Sm-\pÅ tijn\jvS-s¸-«m C¯-c-¯nepÅ FÃm dmWn-am-tcbpw At¸mįs¶ aäp-Å-hÀ Dt]-£n¨pI-f-bpw. "sFIaXyw alm-_ew', "H¯p-]n-Sn-¨m aebpw t]mcpw', "kwL-Sn¨p ià-cm-Ip-hn³' Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ ]g-s©m-ÃpIfpw B]vXhN-\-§fpw Cu kwL-Po-hn-IfpsS Bh-iy§fpw A¡m-c-W-¯m aqey-§-fp-am-sW¶v \mw Xncn-¨dn-b-Ww. ssewKn-I-"kZm-Nmc§Ä' a\p-jy-\nÀ½n-X-am s - W¶p \ap¡p tXm¶pw. aäp Pohn-IÄ¡v CsXm-¶p-anà F¶ coXn-bn-emWv \mw "arK§-sft]mse s]cp-am-d-cpXv' F¶v ]d-bm-dp-Å-Xv. ]t£, FhnsS kwL-Po-hn-I-fp-s|81

a\pjycdnbm³

¦nepw Ah-bn-seÃmwXs¶ \mw "kZm-Nm-c-§Ä' F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ ssewKnI \nb-{´-W-§fp|v.

Im«p-]-«n-Isf FSp-¡pI, AXn Hcp Iq«-¯n-\p-Ån Hscmä kv{Xo¡v am{Xta {]k-hn-¡m³ Ahk-cap-Åq. AhÄ {]k-hn¡p-¶ Ipªp-§sf ]cn-N-cn-¡m\pw `£Ww \ÂIm\pw am{Xta aäp kv{XoP-\§ - Ä¡v A\p-hm-Za - p-Åq. Cu N«w sXän-¨v GsX-¦nepw ]pcp-j-\p-ambn asämcp-hÄ _Ô-s¸-«m Ahsf \njvIcpWw ]pd-´-Åpw. Cu kabw _Ô-s¸« ]pcp-j³ Ah-tfm-sSm¯p t]mbmÂ, ]pXn-sbmcp Iq«w D|m-Ip-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn-¯o-cpw.

AsÃ- ¦ n Häbv ¡ v th«- b mSn \ne- \ n¡m- \ pÅ Ignhv Cu ]«n-IÄs¡m¶pw CÃm-¯X - n-\m Ah sImÃ-s¸-«p-t]m-hp-Ib - mWv ]Xn-hv.

C¯cw ISp¯ \nb-{´-W-§Ä sN¶m-bv¡Ä¡n-S-bnepap|v.

ChnsS ]pd-¯m-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶Xv kv{Xob-söp am{Xw. ]pd-¯m-¡s - ¸Sp¶ ]pcp-j³ Hä-s¸«v \in-¨p-t]m-Ipw. kz´w P\n-XIw am{Xw \ne-\n-¶m aXn F¶ kq£va-amb aÕ-chpw D¶-hp-amWv Hcp Iq«-am-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mįs¶ AXn-\p-Ån \S-¡p¶ Cu _lnjvI-c-W-{]-{In-b-bn DÄt¨À¶n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. _e-ap-Å-h³ asäm-cphs\ tXm¸n¨v Hcp kwLw kv{XoI-fp-ambn CW-tN-cp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-Imiw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶ coXn-bmWv B\, knwlw, a\p-jy³, am³, Ipc§v F¶n-h-bn-seÃmw DÅ-Xv. knwl-¡q-«s¯ FSp-¯m Hcp A\y-]p-cp-j³ \ne-hn-epÅ Ah-Im-insb Xpc-¯n-tbm-Sn-¡p-t¼mįs¶ A½-amÀ Gähpw sNdnb Ipªp-§-fp-ambn HmSn-sbm-fn-¡m³ {ian-¡pw. ImcWw Pbn¨ BÄ BZyw sN¿p¶ {]hr¯n Gähpw sNdnb Ipªp§sf ISn- ¨ p- s Im- à p- I - b m- W v . _e- h m- \ mb B¬knw- l - s ¯ FXnÀ¯p\n¶v kz´w Ipªp-§sf c£n-¡m³ Cu A½-amÀ¡v Ign-bm-dn-Ã. C{Xbpw "{Iqcamb' Hcp lnwk \S-¯nb Cu ]pcpj³ ITn-\l - r-Zb - \pw `oI-c\ - p-am-sW¶v \mw Xocp-am-\n-¡m³ hc-s«.

Hcm-gN v -¡p-Ån Ipªp-§Ä \jvS-s¸« Cu A½-amÀ Hmtcmcp¯cmbn Imam-th-i-t¯msS Cu ]pcp-js\ kao-]n-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw. kz´w Ipªns\ I¬ap-¶n ISn-¨p-sIm¶ Cu Iivaes\ t{]a-{]-I-S-\-¯m hi-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xp-I|v \mw aq¡¯p hncÂh¨pt]mIpw. Hcphs\ tXm¸n¨v kv{XoP-\_ - Ôw Øm]ns¨-Sp-¡p¶ ]pcp-j-knw-l-¯n\v Hcp aq¶p hÀj-t¯m-fta Xsâ Cu Ah-Imiw kwc-£n¨p \ne-\nÀ¯m³ Ign-bp-Ib - p-Åq. At¸mtg¡pw Xmt\m aäm-sc-¦n-eptam B«n-¸m-bn¨ bph-P\§Ä hociq-c-]-cm-{I-an-Ifmbn Xncn-¨p-h¶v Ahsâ Øm\w I¿-S-¡pw. Cu bmYmÀ°y-amWv ta¸-dª sImSpw-{Iq-cX sN¿m³ knwl§Ä¡v t{]c-W-bm-Ip-¶-Xv. 82

ssewKn-Ik -- -Zm-Nmc¯nsâ Bcw`w

83

a\pjycdnbm³

Xsâ {]Xm- ] - I m- e ¯v Ign- b p- ¶ {X kv { XoP- \ - § - f p- a mbn _Ô-s¸«v Ip«n-Isf D|m¡n hfÀ¯n-bm Xsâ P\n-XIw XpScp- s a- ¶ p- d - ¸ m- ¡ mw. sIm¨pIpªp- § sf ]meq«n ]cn- ] m- e n¨p hfÀ¯n kzm`m-hn-I-ambn a¡Ä hn«p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xp-hsc Im¯n-cp¶m AbmÄ¡v kz´w Ipªp-§sf D|m-¡m³ hf-sc-¡p-d¨v ka-bta e`n-¡q. ]meq-«p¶ kv{XoP-\-§-fn AWvtUmXv]m-Z\w \S¶v AhÀ Imam-th-in-Xc - m-In-Ã. A§s\ Imam-th-in-Xc - m-Im¯ AYhm AWvtUmXv]m-Z\w \S-¡m¯ kv{XoP-\-§-fp-ambn _Ô -s¸-Smt\m Ipªp-§sf krjvSn-¡mt\m H¶pw Ign-bn-Ã. CXmWv Cu "sImSpw-{Iq-c-X'-bpsS ASn-Øm-\w. _ln-jvI-cWw \S¯n Iq«¯nÂ\nt¶m-Sn¨v ]«n-Wn-¡n«v sImÃp¶ Xe-aq¯ s]]-«nbpw A\ysâ Ip«n-Isf sImÃp¶ _e-hm-\mb knwlhpw FÃmw kz´w P\n-XIw temI¯p ]c-¯-W-sa¶p am{Xta B{Kln-¡p-¶p-Åq.

Iq«-¯n _e-hm-\m-b-hsâ a¡-sfbp-|m-¡p¶ coXn-X-s¶bmWv a\p-jy-hw-ihpw A\p-hÀ¯n¨p h¶n-cp-¶X - v. Hcp cmPm-hn\v \qdp apX Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v `mcy-amÀhsc D|m-Ip-¶-Xnsâ cl-kyhpw CXp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. aäv ]pcp-j-•m-cpsS hrjWw tOZn¨v A´-x]p-c-¯nse Imh¡m-cm-¡p-¶Xv {Iqc-X-sIm-|-Ã, adn¨v Xsâ P\n-XIw temI-¯p ]c-¯Ww F¶ B{Klw \nan-¯a - m-W.v HcmÄ cmPm-hm-Ip-¶Xpw ]W-ap-|m-¡p-¶Xpw ]Zhn tXSp-¶Xpw kpIp-am-c-I-e-IÄ ]cn-io-en-¡p-¶Xpw kpK-Ô-{Z-hy-§Ä ]qip¶Xpw BIÀj-Iamb hkv{X-[m-cWw sN¿p-¶Xpw FÃmw Hscmä Dt±iyw sIm|pam{X-amWv; Ign-bp-¶{X CW-Isf Is|-¯m\pw Ahsc KÀ`w [cn-¸n-¡m\pw. kz¯p k¼m-Zn-¡p-¶Xpw cmPm-hmIp-¶Xpw H¶pw cmPy-ap-|m-¡m-\pÅ sImXn-sImt|m A[n-Im-c¯n A`n-c-an-¡mt\m AÃ. CW-Isf Ign-bp-¶-{X kwL-Sn-¸n¡m-\pÅ X{´-§-fm-Wn-sX-Ãmw. `£Ww NnIªv Is|-¯n, sIm¡n-s¡m¡n hnfn¨v ]nS-t¡m-gn-Isf Xsâ-b-cn-In-se-¯n¨v XSp-¯p-Ib - d - p¶ ]qh³tIm-gn-bnÂ\n¶v H«pw hyXy-kX v c - à \½psS cmPm-¡-•mcpw ]W-¡m-cp-saÃmw-X-s¶. AXn-\m Xnhmcnamcpw ¢nâ-•mcpw ssSKÀhp-Uvamcpw jzkv-\-¤vÀam-cp-w _Àep-kvtIm-Wnamcpw \½psS sIm¨p-tI-c-f-¯nse a{´n-amcpsam¶pw "hgn-sX-änb-h-cÃ'. kz´w ]nXrXzw Xncn-¨-dn-bm-\pÅ Hcp sa¡m-\n-khpw a\p-jy]p-cp-j-\n-Ã. AXn-\m AXpd-¸m-¡m³ Hcp hnZy-sb¶ \ne-bnemWv \½psS sIm¨p tIc-f¯ - n-ep-ap-Äs¸sS D|m-bn-cp¶ Imc-W h - {- ]-Øm\w a\p-jy-cp-sS-bn-Sb - n cq]w-sIm-|X - v. ktlm-Zc - n-bpsS a¡Ä¡v kz¯p sImSp-¡p-¶X - p-hgn kz´w P\n-XI - ¯ - nsâ Ccp84

ssewKn-Ik -- -Zm-Nmc¯nsâ Bcw`w

]-¯©piX-am-\s - a-¦nepw Dd-¸m-¡m-\m-Ipw. ]t£, kw_-Ô§ - Ä \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ \½psS \mSp-I-fn kz´w CW asäm-cm-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Ip«n-bp-|m-¡n-bm FÃmw t]mbn! A¡m-c-W-¯m Imc-W-h-{]Øm-\ta {]hÀ¯-\-£-a-am-Ipam-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. A¶v an¡ kaq-l§ - f - nepw AÑ•m-scm¶pwXs¶ D|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. kz¯v amXr-Zm-b-{Iaw A\p-k-cn-¨mWv ssIamäw sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xv. amXr-Zmb-{I-ahpw ]nXr-Zm-b-{I-a-hp-saÃmw km¼-¯nI coXn-I-fm-bn-«mWv ]g-bI - me kmaq-ly-im-k{v X-Ú• - m-scÃmw a\-Ên-em¡nh¨n-cp-¶X - .v ]t£, kz´w Pohsâ XpSn¸v temI¯p \ne-\ndp¯m-\pÅ sh¼emWv CXn\p ImXÂ. "Zmkv Iym¸n-ä'-ep-I-sf-gpXn temIw DgpXp a-dn-¨mepw hkvXpX C§-s\-Xs¶ XpScpw....

ChnsS ]nXr-Xz-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« asäm-cp-Im-cyw-IqSn kqNn-¸n¡p-¶Xv \¶m-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶v tXm¶p-¶p. Hcp Ipªv Ic-ªm k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-fmb FÃm -Po-hn-hÀ¤-§Ä¡n-S-bn-epÅ apXnÀ¶ hyàn-IsfÃmw Akz-Ø-cmIpw. Ipªns\ km´z\-s¸-Sp-¯m³ AhÀ¡v kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb sh¼-ep-|m-Ipw. CXv Pohn-hÀ¤-§f - psS kzm`m-hnI AXn-cp-IÄ IS¶v aäv Ipªp-§t- fmSpt]mepw tXm¶pw.

A½-bmb am\ns\ sIm¶ knwl-§fpw ISp-h-Ifpwt]mepw am³ Ipªns\ ]cn-N-cn¨v Ah-i-cmb IY-IÄ [mcmfw D|m-bn-«p-|v.

Ipªp-§sf t\m¡pIsb¶ B´-cn-I-t{]-cW D|m-¡p¶ Hcp "kncm-tImisI«p-']m-Sp-IÄ FÃm- ap-XnÀ¶ k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-Ä ¡pap-|v. A¡m-c-W-¯memWv Cu "`oIc' knwl-§fpw ISp-hIfpw IpSp-¡n-e-I-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Cu t{]cW a\p-jy-]p-cp-j-\p-ap-|v, AXn-\m Ipªp-§sf ]cn-Nc - n-¡m³ AhÀ¡pw sh¼-ep-|m-Ipw. ]t£, "_p²n-'bp-Å-Xp-sIm|v CsX-§s\ aäp-Å-h-sc-sIm|v km[n-¸n-s¨-Sp¡mw F¶v Øncw dnkÀ¨v \-S¯ - p-¶p-ap|m-Ipw. CXn\p ]Icw AhÀ kz´w Ipªp-§-sftbm aäp Ipªp-§-sftbm ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn IqSp-X CS-s]-«m Aev¸w "]pcp-j-tI-k-cn-' ¯-¯n\v ia-\-ap-|m-¡m³ AXv DX-Ip-w. s]mXpth kmaq-ln-Ik-am-[m-\a - p-|m-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. Ipªp-§f - psS ]cn-Nc - W - ¯ - n ]¦mfnI-fm-Ip¶ ]pcp-j• - mÀ s]mXpth kam-[m-\{- ]nb-cm-Ip-¶Xpw I|p-h-cp-¶-Xmbn ]e ]T-\-§fpw Im«n¯-cp-¶p-|v.

85

a\p-jy-cnse ssewKnI]cn-Wmaw

a\p-jy-s\¶ Pohn-hÀ¤-¯nsâ ssewKn-I-X-bn aäp Pohn-Isf At]-£n¨v Nne khn-ti-jX - I - Ä ]cn-Wm-a] - c a - mbn D|m-bn-«p-ÅXp ImWmw. hÀj-¯n `qcn-]£ kabhpw ssewKnI-ambn Dt¯-Pn-Xc - m-Ip¶ Hcp hn`m-Ka - mWv a\p-jyÀ. CXnÂ, ]pcp-j-•m-cm-Is« 365 Znh-khpw 24 aWn¡qdpw Dt¯-Pn-X-cm-Wv. FÃm amkhpw \S-¡p¶ AWvtUmÂ]m-Z\w ImcWw Aev]w Gä-¡p-d¨ - n-ep-It - fmSp-IqSnbm-sW-¦nepw kv{XoIfpw ssewK-nI-ambn Dt¯Pn-Xc - m-Wv. CXv hwi-hÀ²-\b - v¡v aäpÅ Pohn-It - f-¡mÄ hf-sc-b-[nIw B¡w \ap¡v \evIn-bn-«p-|v. asämcp khn-ti-jX, A`n-ap-Ja - mb ØnXn-bn CWtNcp¶ coXn -bm-Wv. kkvX\n hÀ¤-§-fn-ep-Å Pohn-I-sfÃmwXs¶ ]n¶neqsS tbm\o-{]-thiw \S-¯p¶ coXn-bmWv Ah-ew_n-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. CXv {]mWn-I-fnÂ\n¶v Bcw-`n-¨n-«p-Å-XmsW¶v \ap¡p ImWmw. a\p-jy-cnse ]pcp-j-•mÀ¡v Cu coXn Ct¸mgpw ]Yy-am-sW¶ Imcy-¯nÂ\n¶v ]cn-Wm-a]-c-am-bn-«pÅ hyXn-bm\w apgp-h³ XoÀ¶n-«n-söv a\-Ênem-t¡|n-hc - pw..... F¶m kv{XoI-fpsS tbm\o-in-iv\ -¯nsâ \ne ap¶n-em-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-|p-Xs¶ Cu ]cn-Wmaw Bcw-`n--¨n«v e£-¡-W-¡n\v hÀj-§-fmbn F¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. an¡-hmdpw \mw a\p-jy-Ipew F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶h - c - psS CS-bnse ap³Km-an-If - n¯s¶ Cu ]cn-Wmaw Bcw-`n-¨n-cn-¡-Ww. sKmdn-Ã, Nn¼m³kn, s_mWmt_m apX-emb kkvX\n-I-fnÂ\n¶v thÀ]n-cn-ª-tijw a\p-jy-Ip-e-¯n Bcw-`n¨ aäpNne khn-ti-jX - I - fpw \ap¡pImWmw. Cu Ipc-§p-I-fn AWvtUmÂ]m-Z-\-Im-e¯v ]pcp-j-bnWsb BIÀjn-¡-¯-¡-h®w Ah-cpsS {i² ]nSn-s¨Sp-¡p¶ coXn-bn tbm\o-apJw \nd-hyXymkw h¶v hfsc {]I-S-am-Im-dp-|v. F¶m a\p-jy-kv{Xo-I-fn-te¡p hcpt¼mÄ tbm\n-IÄ XoÀ¯pw DÄh-enªv ImWm³ Ignbm-¯-h®w adªpt]mhp-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. ]Icw 86

a\p-jy-cnse ssewKnI]cn-Wmaw

]pcp-j-{i-²sb BIÀjn-¡m\mbn aäp Pohn-I-fn H¶pwXs¶ CÃm¯ Xc-¯n Ipªp-§sf ]meq«n hfÀ¯m³ D]-tbm-Kn¡p¶ ape-I-fmWv Dcp|p XpSp¯v ssewKnIm-IÀjW hkvXphmbn {][m-\-ambn amdn-b-Xv. ssewKn-I-_-Ô-¯n D]-tbm-K-iq\y-amb apebpw X¸n- a\p-jy-]p-cp-j³ \-S¡ - p-¶X - p-I|v A´w-hn«v AÛp-Xw-Iqdn aäv Pohn-I-fnse ]pcp-j-{]-P-IÄ ..Pvv..-.Pvv..Pv i_vZap-|m¡n Xe-Ip-ep-¡p-¶p-|m-Ipw..... sXm«p]n¶mse CSp¸pw \nXw-_-hp-amWv ssewKnIm-IÀj-WXzc DWÀ¯p-¶X - .v \S¶pt]mIp¶ buh-\b - p-àb - mb kv{XobpsS ]pd-Ip-hiw I|m ]pcp-j³ FWoäv AdnbmsX ]pdtI \S¶p t]mIpw. \nXw-_N - e - \ - § - f - mWv ChnsS Gähpw henb BIÀj-W -i-àn-bm-Ip-¶-Xv. ImgvNbnÂ\n¶v A{]-Xy-£-amb tbm\n¡p ]Icw Nph¶p XpSp¯ Np|p-I-fmWv aq¶mw Øm\w hln-¡p¶-Xv. amdn-Sw, \nXw-_w, A[-c-§Ä F¶nh {]I-S-\-]-c-am-¡p-¶Xn\p]n¶n Cu ssewKn--Im-IÀj-W-Xz-c-bm-Wp-Å-Xv. XpWn-IÄ Xncn-Intbm ]mUp-IÄ sI«ntbm amdn-Shpw \nXw-_hpw apgp-¸n¨p ImWn-¡p-¶Xv FÃm kaq-l-§-fn-ep-ap-|v. apdp-¡n-¨p-h-¸n¨ Np|pIÄ tKm{X- h À¤kw- k v I m- c - § - f n- s eÃmw ImWmw. B Øm\w en]vÌn¡p-I-fm-Wv C¶p hln-¡p-¶-Xv. L\-ta-dnb i_vZhpw hncnª amdn-Shpw H«nb hbdpw Dcp|p Ifn-¡p¶ akn-ep-Ifpw Xg¨phf-cp¶ tcma-§fpw a\p-jy-]p-cp-j\n ssewKnIm-IÀjIXzw hfÀ¯m-\p-X-Ip¶ khn-ti-j-X-Ifmbn ImW-s¸-Sp-¶p. Bdp-I« akn-ep-IÄ hb-ä¯v Im«m³ bphm¡-tfm-Sp-¶X - v CXn-\mWv. kpIp-am-cI - e - I - s - f-Ãmw-Xs¶ Cu ssewKnIm-IÀj-W-Nm-Xp-cy-¯nsâ kmaq-lnI {]I-S-\-§-fm-Wv. ]mSm\pÅ Ignhv, BSm-\pÅ Ign-hv, CsXÃmw FÃm PohnhÀ¤§fntebpw ]pcp-j-\n Bcw-`n-¨-Xm-Wv. Infn-I-fnse ]m«p-Im-scÃmw BWp-§-fm-Wv. Nnd-Ip-Ifpw kpµ-c-Xq-h-ep-Ifpw hnSÀ¯n hn\ykn¨v \à B«-¡m-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xpw BWp-§ÄXs¶-bm-Wv. ]oen hnSÀ¯n-bm-Sp¶ B¬abn D¶w hbv¡p¶ t]Ssb ImWpt¼mÄ \mw aq¡¯p hnc sh¨p-t]m-Ipw. C{X kuµ-cy-an-Ãm¯ Cu t]S-Isf kwL-Sn-¸n-¡m³ C{X IjvSs - ¸-tS| Bh-iy-apt|m F¶pw tXm¶pw. Chn-sS-bmWv \mw ap³]p ]dª DuÀÖ-kw-c£-W-¯nsâ bpàn hcp-¶-Xv. AWvtUm-Â]m-Z\w Xmc-X-tay\ ZpÀe-`hpw sNe-th-dn-b-Xp-am-Wv. kkvX\ - n-If - n F¯n-bmepw tcma§Ä, sIm¼p-IÄ, hmep-IÄ Ch-sbÃmw hfsc {]I-S-\-]-c-ambn ]pcp-j-•m-cmWv kz´-am-¡n-bn«p-ÅX - v. kkvX\ - n-If - n Ht¶m ct|m XhWsXm«v ]{´|vþCcp-] Xphsc AWvU§ - Ä am{Xta hÀj-¯n DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡s]-Sp-¶p-Åq.

87

a\pjycdnbm³

A{X Aaq-ey-amWv AWvU-§Ä. Cu AaqeyX-bmWv aäp Pohn-Ifn kv{XoIÄ¡v h³Øm\w \evIp-¶X - .v A¡m-cW - w-sIm|pXs¶bmWv AhÀ "kpµ-cn-t¡m-X-I-fm-'tI| Bh-iy-hp-an-Ãm-¯-Xv. Hcmbncw Pohn-XI - mew apgp-h³ Bh-iy-amb AWvU§ - f - p-am-bmWv a\pjykv{XoIÄ P\n-¡p-¶Xv; AXm-bXv GI-tZiw Ccp-]X - ve£w AWvU-§-fp-am-bn. Ah-bn \m\q-dn\pw \m\q-än-b-¼-Xn\pw CSbn-epÅ AWvU-§tf bYmÀ°-¯n kPo-h-ambn BÀ¯-hhn-cm-a-¯n\v ap³]v AWvU-tIm-i-¯nÂ\n¶pw KÀ`]m-{X-¯n F¯n-t¨-cp-I-bp-Åq. _m¡n-sbÃmw kmh-[m\w \in-¨p-t]m-hp-IbmWv ]Xn-hv. ]pcp- j - • m- c psS _oPw ]t£, A§- s \- b - à , kv { XoI- f psS AWvU-§Ä e£-¡-W-¡n-\m-sW-¦n ]pcp-j-_o-P-§Ä tImSn¡-W¡ - n-\m-Wv. AXv A¶¶v krjvSn-¡s - ¸«v \ne-\n¡p-¶X - m-Wv. ct|m aqt¶m -Zn-h-ks¯ BbptÊ _oP-¯n-\pÅq. AXn-\m _oPw D|m-bn-¯p-S§ - p¶ Iuam-cI - m-e¯v AXv {]hÀ¯-\\ - n-cX - am-bn-cn-¡m³ c|v {]{In-bIÄ Bcw-`n-¡pw. AXnsem¶v kzbw hnkÀÖ-\-sa¶ kz]v\-kvJ-e-\w. ssewKn-I-_-Ô-§-sf-¸-än-bpÅ kz]v\§ - Ä Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw enwtKm-²m-cW - a - p-|mbn ip¢-hn-kÀ Ö\w \S-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. asäm¶v kzbwt`mKw. kzbw-t`m-K¯n-eqsS ip¢hn-kÀÖ\w \S-¯n, kPo-h-amb ]p¯³ _oPw DXv]m-Zn-¸n¨v \ne-\nÀ¯p-I-sb¶ kzm`-mhn-I-tNm-Z\ Bßo-bm-Nmcy-•m-cp-sSbpw A²ym-]I - c - p-sSbpw amXm-]n-Xm-¡f - p-sSbpw "Xe-thZ\'bmWv. Pohn-X-s¯-¸än sXämbn a\-Ên-em-¡n-h¨n-cn-¡p¶ AhÀ Ip«n-I-fpsS PohnXw \c-I-Xp-ey-am-¡pw. kzbw-t`mKw sXämsW¶pw AXv ]m]-am-sW¶pw AhÀ ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp¯v Ip«n-Ifn B[n- ]-c-¯pw. a\p-jy-Ip-e-¯nsâ sXm«p-ap³Km-an-bmb Nn¼m³kn-¡p«nIÄ CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡v kzbw-t`mKw sNbvXv ssewKnI-_Ô - ¯ - n\v sdUn-bm-bn-cn¡pw. C§s\ ssewKnImtcm-Ky-¯nsâ e£-W-amb kzbw-t`m-Khpw kz]v\-kvJ-e-\hpw Btcm-Ky-¯n\v lm\n-IcamsW¶pw AXv \nb-{´n-t¡| Bh-iy-ap-s|¶pw D¯cw \ÂIp¶ B[p-\nI a\ximkv{XÚÀhsc \ap-¡n-S-bnep-|v. Bßo-b-kn-²m-´-§fpw t{^mbvUn-b³ a\-xim-kv{X-kn-²m´-§fpw ImcWw C{X-b-[nIw sXän-²-cn-¡-s¸« asämcp ssewKnI-tN-jvS-bp-an-Ã. kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j• - mcpw ssewKn-Im-kà - nbn ASn-Øm-\] -c-ambn hyXy-kvX-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Cu AWvU-_otPm¸m-Z-\-hyXym-k-¯m-em-Wv. AWvU-§fpsS ]n¶mse ]pcp-j-•mÀ At\z-jns¨¯pw F¶ P\n- X I AdnhmWv kv { XoI- f n-  s]mXp- h n ssewKn-Im-kà - n- Ipdªncn-¡p-¶X - n\v Imc-Ww. F¶m AWvU88

a\p-jy-cnse ssewKnI]cn-Wmaw

_o-tPm¸m-Z-\-¯n-t\m-sSm¸w kv{Xo]p-cpj-tlmÀt½m-Wp-I-fmb Cu{Ì-Ps - âbpw sSÌ-t{Ìm-Wn-sâbpw D¸m-Z\hyXn-bm-\hpw Cu Bk-ànhy-Xym-k-§Ä Gdnbpw Ipd-ªp-an-cn-¡m³ CS-bm¡pw; AXv kv{Xobm-bmepw ]pcp-j-\m-bmepw. CsXÃmw F{X-b-[nIw sXän- ² - c n- ¡ - s ¸- « n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ psh¶v "a\ximkv { X- ] w- à n'Ifnte s¡m¶p It®m-Sn¨m \ap¡p ImWmw. aäp Pohn-I-fnte¡v h¶m kv{XoIfpw kv{XoP•hpw Ahcp-sS-bn-S-bn H¶mw-Øm\w hln-¡p-¶p. Hcp kv{Xo¡p Npäpw ]c-k] v cw t]mc-Sn¨p acn-¡p¶ ]pcp-j• - m-cpsS Øm\w c|m-aX - m-W.v Ah-cpsS Hmtcm-cp-¯-cp-sSbpw Hcp Xh-W kÀÖn-¡p¶ ip¢¯nse, e£-¡-W-¡n\p hcp¶ _oP-§-fpsS hnebpw c|m-aXm-Wv. P\n-¡p¶ FÃm Ipªp-§fpw s]¬Ip-ªp-§-fm-bmWv P\n-¡p-¶X - v. ssewKnI thÀXn-cnhv Bcw-`n-¡p¶ \memw amk-¯n\p-ti-ja - mWv AXv B¬Ip-«n-bm-htWm F¶v Xocp-am-\n-¡s¸Sp-¶X - .v ]pcpj{]Pm \nÀ½mW-¯n\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ "ssh' t{Ima-tkman\v Fs´-¦nepw XI-cm-dp-|m-bm B Ipªv s]¬Ip-ªmbn Xs¶ XpS-c pw. kv { XoIsf Npän- ¸ änXs¶- b mWv hwi-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨ \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶s - X¶v \ap¡p ImWmw. ss__n-fn ]d-bp¶-Xp-t]mse ]pcp-jsâ hmcn-sb-ÃnÂ\n¶Ã kv{XoIÄ krjvSn-¡s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv, adn¨v hwi-hÀ²-\-bpsS Bh-iy-¯n\v IqSp-X KpW- ] - c X hcp- ¯ p- ¶ - X n\v kv { Xosb¶ Xmbv ¯ - S n- b nÂ\n¶v s]m«napf¨ P\n-XIimJ-bmWv ]pcp-j-P-•w.

Fgp-X-s¸« Ncn-{X-¯nÂt]mepw BZy-Im-e¯v kv{XoIÄ X§ fpsS CW-Isf Xncn-sª-Sp-¡p-¶X - n-sâbpw ]pcp-j• - mÀ ]c-k] v cw A¦wsh-«nbpw Imbn-Ih - n-t\m-Z§ - f - n tXm¸n¨pw {]nb-¦c - n-Ifmb kv{XoIsf kz´-am-¡p¶Xnsâbpw IY-IÄ \ap¡p ImWm-hp-¶Xm-Wv. \nc¶p \n¡p¶ ]pcp-j-•m-cpsS ap¶n-eqsS Ah-cpsS KpW-K-W-§Ä Hmtcm-¶mbn hÀ®n-¡p¶ kJn-tbm-sSm¸w \S-¶psIm|v A\p-tbm-Py-\mb ]pcp-js\ Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p¶ cmP-Ipam-cn-amcpsS kzbw-hchÀ®\ Imfn-Zm-k-Ir-Xn-I-fn ImWp-¶tXmÀ¡p-I. AXp-t]mse {iocm-a\pw AÀÖp-\\pw Akv{X-hn-Zy b - n hnP-bn¨v koX-sbbpw {Zu]-Zn-sbbpw kz´-am-¡p-¶XpsaÃmw HmÀ¡p-I. C¶pw hnhm-l-¨-S-§p-I-fn kv{XoIÄ BZyw ame CSp¶Xv kv{XoI-fpsS Cu Xnc-sª-Sp-¸ns\ Ipdn-¡p-¶X - m-W.v F¶m kv{XoI-fpsS Cu ap³ssI ImÀjn-Ih - r-¯n-bn-eqsS hnI-kn-Xa - mb kaq-l-§-fn \jvS-am-Ip-¶Xv \ap¡v ]n¶oSv ImWm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. A½bpw Ipªpw F¶ _Ô-¯n-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb "krjvSn-amXmhv' F¶ k¦-e] v -\-¯m cq]-s¸« A½ssZh-§fpw temIsa ¼mSpw D|m-bn-cp-¶p. DÀÆ-c-Xm-N-S-§p-IÄ FÃm kwcw-`-§-fp89

a\pjycdnbm³

90

a\p-jy-cnse ssewKnI]cn-Wmaw

91

a\pjycdnbm³

sSbpw apt¶m-Sn-bmbn \n¶n-cp-¶p. kv{XoI-fpsS BÀ¯-h-càw ]qP-\o-b-amb H¶m-bn-¡|v AXp hnf-\n-e-§-fn hnfhp hÀ²n¸n-¡p¶ DuÀÆ-c-Xm-N-S-§p-I-fnse {][m\ C\-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¨ncp-¶X - mbpw ImWmw. Ip«nsb P\n-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Ign-hv A½-am-cn \n£n-]vX-amWv F¶ AdnhmWv Cu Bcm-[-\bv¡pw ]hn-{X-amb Øm\w \evIp-¶-Xn\pw Imc-W-ambn `hn-¨-Xv. {]P-\\ {]{In-bbnse ]pcp-jsâ ]¦v hyà-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ bmsXmcp \nÀÆml-hp-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. ssewKn-I-_-Ô-¯n-teÀs¸-SpI Hcp {]Ir-Xn]-c-amb kzm`m-hn-I-{]-hÀ¯-\-am-Wv. kv{XoIÄ KÀ`n-Wn-I-fmbn Ip«n-Isf {]k-hn-¡p-¶Xv Cu ssewKn-I-_-Ô-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨bmbn kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xm-sW¶pw A\p-`-h-]-c-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ km²y-a-Ã. A¡m-c-W-¯m Ip«n-Isf P\n-¸n-¡p¶ Ignhv A½am-cn \n£n-]vX-am-Wv F¶ [mc-W-bmbncp¶p \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶-Xv. Ncn-{X-¯nsâ Hcp {]tXyI L«-¯n ImÀjn-I-hr-¯n-bn-teÀ s¸« GtXm kaq-l-¯n-emWv {]P-\-\-{]-{In-b-bnse ]pcp-jsâ ]¦v AhÀ¡v kphyà-am-Ip-¶X - .v Hcp-]t- £, AÑsâ "X\n-kz-cq-]' -¯n P\n¨ GtXm Hcp Ipªm-bn-cn¡mw A½-amÀ¡v "]mc'-bmbn-¯oÀ¶Xv... AXn-\p-tijw kv{XoI-fpsS kmaq-ln-I-Øm\w ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn \jvS-am-Im³ XpS-§n. A½ssZh-§Ä ]n¶-Wn-bnte¡v XÅ-s¸-«p. kv{XoIsf ]qPn-¡p-¶Xpw Bcm-[n-¡p-¶Xp saÃmw ]c-k] v c - _ - Ô - a - p-|m-bn-cp¶ Hmtcmtcm kaql§-fnÂ\n¶v kmh-[m\w A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-s¡m-|n-cp-¶p. A½m-cm-[\-I-sfÃmw "a{´-hm-Z-¯n-sâbpw AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fp-'sSbpw ap{Z NmÀ¯n kmaqlnI-ambn _ln-jvIr-X-am-Ip-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. Cusbmcp amäw ]pcp-j-ssZ-h-§-fpsS hfÀ¨bv¡pw ip¢þenwK Bcm-[-\IÄ¡pw hgnsh¨p. ip¢-¯nsâ hocys¯¸än-bpÅ Bßob DWÀ¯-ep-I-fm ]pcpj k¶ymknkaq-l-§Ä {]IoÀ¯\w sIm|p. ]pcp-jsâ ip¢-amWv kI-e¯ - n-sâbpw B[m-cs - a¶ X¯z-Nn´ ]c-k] v cw _Ô-ap-|m-bn-cp¶ hnI-kn-X-k-aq-l-§-fnseÃmw hym]I-am-bn. AXnsâ hocyw, AXp ]pdwXÅm-Xn-cp-¶m-ep-|m-Ip¶ Bßo-tbm¡Àjw, {_Ò-N-cy-sa-¶m {_Ò-¯nsâ ]mX-bn Ncn-¡p-I-sb-¶-Ã, adn¨v ssewKn-I-_-Ô-¯n GÀs¸-Sm-Xncn-¡emsW¶ ]e-Xcw hymJym-\-§Ä FÃm-bn-S¯pw F¯n-t¨À¶p.

Cu amäw kmaq-ln-I-ambn kv{XoI-fpsS Øm\w c|m-a-Xm-sW¶v Dd-¸m-¡n. CWsb Xnc-sª-Sp-¡m-\pÅ kv{XoI-fpsS AhImihpw kz´w Xocp-am-\{- ]-Imcw Ipªp-§Ä¡v P•w \evIm-\pÅ Ah-Im-ihpw FÃmw ]Xps¡ ]Xps¡ \jvSa - m-bn. XpSÀ¶v kzbwh-cm-hI - miw \ntj-[n-¡p-Ibpw ]Icw I\ym-Zm-\hpw s]®p-Im-W92

a\p-jy-cnse ssewKnI]cn-Wmaw

ep-saÃmw Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C§s\ aäp Pohn-I-fn \n¶v Xptemw `n¶-amb "{]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-²-amb' Hcp Ncn{Xw a\p-jycpsS CW-tN-c-en Bcw-`n-¨p. \mw C¶pImWp¶ Ah-Ø-bn kv{XoIÄ kmaq-ln-I-ambn sI«-s¸«pt]mb-Xnsâ {][m\Imc-W§-fn H¶m-Wn-Xv. Cu {]{Inb C¶pw kw`-hn-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ tKm{XhÀ¤-k-aq-l-§-fp-s|¶pw \mw HmÀ¡-Ww. a\p-jy-k-aq-lw GIin-e-b-Ãm-sb¶ Imcyhpw \mw ad-¡m-Xn-cn-¡-Ww. ImÀjn-Ik - a - q-lw Bcw-`n-¨t - ¸m-gmWv Hcp "{]tZ-i¯ - p-Im-cmbn' \mw amdn-bsX¶v ap³]p ]d-ªp-ht- Ãm. Irjn-bn-S§ - Ä¡p kao]w hoSp-IÄ \nÀ½n¨v Xmakw Dd-¸n-¨t - ¸mgmWv kv{Xo]p-cp-j• - mÀ¡n-S -bnse sXmgnÂhn`-P\w Bcw-`n-¨-Xv; {]tXy-In¨pw KÀ`w[cn¨ kv{XoIÄ ImÀjn-I-hr-¯n-bnÂ\n¶v amdn-\n-ev¡m³ HcnSw hoSpIÄ¡p-Ån Is|-¯n-b-t¸mÄ. kpe-`-ambn e`n¨ `£-WwsIm|v FÃm-hcpw `£-Ww-tXSn \S-t¡| Bh-iyhpw D|m-bn-Ã. ]t£, CXn-t\m-sSm¸w asämcp Imcy-hpw-IqSn kw`-hn-¨n-cp-¶p. apdn hp]äntbm AkpJw _m[nt¨m HcmÄ InS-¸n-em-bmepw AXpt]mse-Xs¶ hb-Ê-cm-bmepw "]cn-N-cn-¡p¶ ]Wn' hoSn-\p-Ån X§nb kv{Xosb t\m«-an«p h¶p. A§s\ kzm`m-hn-Ia - mbn D|mbn-cp¶ Ip«nsb hfÀ¯Â F¶ ]Wn-tbm-sSm¸w ]cn-N-c-Ww, `£Ww ]mIwsN¿Â XpS-§n-bh - bpw kv{XoI-fpsS Npa-en h¶p -ho-Wp. Cu {]{In-b-I-sfÃmw Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p hÀjw-sIm|v hnhn[ kaq-l-§-fn hnhn[ coXn-bn kmh-[m\w kw`-hn¨v cmPy-cq-]o -I-c-W-¯n-sâbpw GIo-I-c-W-¯n-sâbpw H¸w-Xs¶ kmaq-ln-IL-S\ - b - n DÄt¨-cp-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - .v ]c-k] v cw t]mc-Sn¨v hnP-bn¨v kv{Xosb {]m]n-¡m-\pÅ Ah-Imiw k¼m-Zn-¡m-\pÅ ]pcp-jsâ iàn "IpSpw_w t]mäm-\pÅ' iàn-bmbn ]n¡m-e¯v hymJym\n-¡s - ¸-Sp-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - .v C§s\ s]dp-¡n-¯n¶pw \mbm-Snbpw Pohn-¨n-cp¶ Ime¯v kv{Xo]p-cp-j• - mÀ H¶n¨v A¶w tXSn-bn-cp¶ coXn-bnÂ\n¶v hyXy-kvX-ambn IrXy-amb sXmgn hn`-P-\-¯neqsS "ZpÀ_-e-cmb' kv{XoIsf hoSn-\p-Ån Xf-¨n-Sm³ ]pcp-j\p Ign-ªp.

F¶m hfsc ]n¶-Wn-bn-emb tKm{X-hÀ¤-k-aq-l-§-fn C¶pw kv{XoIÄ¡v, ImÀjn-Ih - r-¯n-bm A`n-hr²n {]m]n¨ kaql-§f - n-epÅ kv{XoI-sf-¡mÄ, sa¨-s¸« Øm\-am-Wp-ÅX - v. a\p-jyk-aqlw BsI-sb-Sp¯v, kv{XoI-fpsS kmaq-ly-Øm-\¯nsâ Hcp {Km^v hc¨mÂ, Gähpw hnI-kn-¡m¯ kaq-l¯n Gähpw D¶ -X-amb Øm\hpw Ahn-Sp¶v, hnI-kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\-\p-k-cn¨v Iotgm-«pt]mbn, B[p-\nI P\m-[n-]-Xy-kw-hn-[m-\-¯nsâ hfÀ¨ A\p-k93

a\pjycdnbm³

cn¨v taÂt¸m«v Ib-dp-¶Xpw ImWmw. kv{XotI-{µo-Ir-X-amb Hcp kaqlw C\n cq]-s¸-Sm³ CS-bn-Ãm-¯-Xn-\mÂ, ]gb Hu¶Xy¯nte¡v Hcp Xncn-¨p-t]m-¡v kv{XoIÄ¡v C\n km²y-a-Ã. F¶m Xpey-\o-Xn-t_m-[-¯nsâ Ae-sbm-en-IÄ \nÝ-b-ambpw Ah-cpsS kmaq-ly-Øm\w sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯pw.

94

Ak-´p-en-X-hn-I-k\w F´p-sIm|v?

\c-hw-i-im-kv{X-¯nsâ sXfn-hp-Isf ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯nbpw P\n-XI - i - m-kv{X¯nsâ sXfn-hp-Isf ASn-Øm\-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw a\pjy-s\¶ Pohn-hÀ¤w D|mbn, temIsa-¼mSpw ]c-¶Xv B{^n-¡-bnÂ\n¶m-sW¶v GI-tZiw XoÀ¨-bm-bn-¡g - n-ªn-«p-|v. P\n-XI - a - mb kmayw ]cn-tim[n-¨X - nÂ\n¶v a\p-jysâ B{^n-¡b - nÂ\n¶pÅ {]bmW¯nsâ Bcw-`hpw aäp Øe-§f - n-epÅ hym]-\hpw Cs¶mcp Nn{Xwt]mse \½psS ap¶n hc-¨p-Im-«m³ P\n-X-I-imkv{X-¯n\p Ign-bp-¶p-|v.

Pohsâ s]mXp-hmb hym]-\s¯ \mw Hcp ac-¯nt\mSv kmay-s¸-Sp-¯n-bXv HmÀ¡p-¶p-|m-hp-a-tÃm. AXpt]mse a\p-jysâ P\n-X-I-acw AXnsâ hnhn[ imtJm]-im-J-I-tfmsS \ap¡p hc-bv¡m³ Ign-ªn-«p-|v. ImeK-W-\-bn-epÅ A`n{]m-b-hy-Xymkw \ne-\n-ev¡p-t¼mÄ ¯s¶ imkv{X-Ú³am-cp-sS-bn-S-bn B{^n-¡-bnse DÛhw s]mXp-k-½Xn t\Sn-bn-«p-|v. Ime-K-W-\-bn ]n¡m-e¯v kq£-va-X-IÄ Gdn-bmepw AhÀ bm{X sNbvX hgn-I-sf-¸än IqSp-X hyà-X-I-fp-|m-bmepw AXp-t]mse Xs¶ Hä-s¸« Nne hyXym-k§ - f - p-|m-bmepw s]mXp-hmbn C\n-]-d-bp¶ Nn{X-¯n\v henb amä-§sfm¶pw D|m-Im-\n-S-bn-Ã.

GI-tZ- iw Hcp-e£w hÀj-§Ä¡pap³]mWv a\p-jyÀ Hcp Iq«w F¶ \ne-bn aäp `qJ-WU v § - f - n-te¡v IpSntb-dn-¸mÀ¯-X.v hÀj-¯n Hs¶m-¶c IntemaoäÀ Zqcw F¶ \ne-bn X½nÂtNÀ¶p InS-¡p¶ Hmtcm `qJ-WU v ¯nepw \mw hym]\w sN¿-s¸-Sp-I-bp-|m-bn. AXm-bXv IpSn-tb-dp-I-sb¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ C¶v \mw a\-Ên-em¡p¶Xpt]mse Hä-b-Sn¡pÅ Hcp bm{X-b-ÃX -- v. `£-W-at\z-jn-¨pÅ \S-¸n \mw icm-icn H¶psXm«v \mtemAt©m Intem-ao-äÀ hÀjt´mdpw apt¶-dn-bn-«p-|m-Imw. A§s\ kw`-hn-¡m-¯ -hÀj§fpw D|m-Imw. A{XXs¶. C§s\ B{^n- ¡ - b nÂ\n¶pw a[y- [ - c - W ym- g n95

a\pjycdnbm³

{]-tZ-i-¯p-IqSn Ing-t¡m«ph¶v, A^vKm-\n-Øm³, C´y, _À½, Iwt_m-Un-b, _men, C³tUm-t\jy, ]¸phm \yq-Kn-\nb hgn a\p-jyÀ GI-tZiw \m¸-Xn\m-bncw hÀjwap³]v Bkvt{S-en-bbn-se-¯nt¨À¶p. B{^n-¡-bnÂ\n¶pw h¶-Xn-\m AXn\p kam-\-amb Ime-hØ tXSn-bpÅ bm{X-bn Xoc-{]-tZ-i¯ - p-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp¶p a\p-jy-cpsS bm{X-If - n IqSp-Xe - pw. Xoc-{]-tZ-i¯ - p-\n¶pw `£Ww Is|-¯p-¶-Xn \mw sshZKv[yw t\Sn. CXnsâ XpSÀ¨bmbn ISÂI-S-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ignhpw \mw BÀÖn-¡p-I-bp-|m-bn.

B{^n-¡-bnÂ\n¶pw c|p-X-hW IpSn-tb-ä-ap-|m-b-Xmbn BZyw Icp-Xnbn-cp¶p. BZys¯ IpSn-tb-äw, ]t£, A[n-I-Zqcw t]mImsX C{k-tb-en\v kao]w Ah-km-\n-¡p-I-bmWv D|m-b-Xv. P\n-XI ssatäm-tIm¬-{Unb ]cn-tim-[-\-bn c|mw X-h-Wbp|mb IpSn-tb-ä-amWv temI-am-k-I-e-apÅ hym]\¯n\v ImcW-am-bn-¯oÀ¶Xv. B{^n-¡-bnÂ\n¶pw IpSn-tb-dn-b-hcn Hcp hn`mKw Atd-_y³ Xoc-{]-tZ-i-¯p-IqSn C´y-bn IS¶v sXt¡ C´y-bpsS Xoc-¯n-eqsS apt¶dn, ho|pw hS-t¡m«p t]mbn _À½, Ct´m-t\-jy, ]m¸ph \yqKn-\nbhgn Bkvt{S-en-bm-bn- \m¸Xn-\m-bncw hÀjw ap³]v F¯n-t¨À¶p. asämcp hn`mKw C¶p \mw Jkm-¡n-Øm³ F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ `q{]-tZ-i-s¯¯n c|mbn hgn]n-cn-ªX - mbn ImWmw. Hcp Iq«À C´y, ssN\, Sn_-ä,v P¸m³hsc F¯n-t¨--À¶t¸mÄ asämcp ssIhgn Jkm-¡n-Øm-\nÂ\n¶v bqtdm-¸n-te¡p Ib-dn. bqtdm-¸n ]c¶ ChÀ djy-bpsS hS¡p `mK¯pIqSn t_b-dnMv IS-en-Sp-¡n-eqsS AemkvIhgn Ata-cn¡-bn {]th-in¨v hSt¡ Ata-cn-¡-bpsS ]Snªmsd Xocw- hgn sXt¡ Ata-cn-¡-bpsS sXt¡ Aäwhsc F¯n-t¨À¶p. Cu bm{X-IÄ ]e-t¸mgpw kpkm-²y-am-¡n-bXv \mw lna-bpKw F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ Ime-L-«-§-fm-Wv. Cu lna-bpKw F¶ {]Xn-`mkw \man¶p ImWp¶ `qJ-WvU§Ä¡n-S-bn-epÅ IS-ep-I-fpsS AIew Ipd-bv¡p¶ H¶m-Wv. lna-bp-K¯ - nÂX-s¶-bpÅ "lnam-\n-L«w' IqSp-X ISp¯ XWp¸p-|m-¡p¶ Ime-L-«-am-Wv. A¶,v c|v {[ph-{]-tZ-i-¯p-\n-¶pw B-cw-`n¨v lnam-\n-IÄ \o| \Zn-IÄt]mse hfÀ¶v `qanbpsS NqSp-Iq-Snb `qa-²y-tc-J-bn-te¡phsc hcpw. shÅw L\o-`-hn¨v aªmbn amdp-¶-Xn-\m ISÂshÅw Xmgv¶v C´ybpw {ioe¦bpw X½n {iocm-asâ ]me-sam-¶p-an-ÃmsXXs¶ H¶m-bn-¡n-S¡pw. AXp-t]mse Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p Zzo]p-I-fm-bn-¡n-S-¡p¶ ate-jy, C³tUm-t\jy XpS-§nb `mK-§sfÃmw _À½, Iwt_mUn-b, hnbäv\mw XpS-§n-bhbpambn tNÀ¶p \n¡p-¶h-bm-Wv. hyXykvX-amb `qhn-`m-K-amb Bkvt{S-en-b-t]mepw Cu lna-bp-K-¯n 96

Ak-´p-en-X-hn-I-k\w F´p-sIm|v?

]¸phm -\yq-Kn-\nb F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ C¶s¯ Zzo]nÂ\n¶v \o´n¡-b-dm-hp¶ Hcp Øe-¯mWv InS-¶ncp¶-Xv. GI-tZiw F]-¯nb©v Intem-ao-äÀ am{Xw X½n-e-I-e-apÅ ssk_o-cn-bmbpw Aem-kvIbpw aªnsâ ]mewsIm|v H¶mbn InS-¡pw. L\o-`hn-¡p-t¼mÄ IS-ense shÅ-saÃmw aªmbn D¯-c-þZ-£nW {[ph-§-fn-te¡v amdp-¶-Xn-\mÂ, Nne Ime-L-«-§-fnÂ, C¶v \mw Xoc-{]-tZiw F¶v hnfn-¡p¶ CS-¯nÂ\n¶pw GXm|v \m\qdSnhsc Xmsg-bm-bn«mWv Nne- ta-J-e-I-fn IS ØnXnsN¿m-dpÅXv. At¸mÄ \man¶v Zzos]¶p hnfn-¡p¶ `qcn-]£w Øe-§fpw X½n Ic-bm _Ô-s¸«v H¶m-bn-¡n-S¡ - p-¶Xp ImWmw. A¡mc-W-¯m a\p-jyÀ¡v h©n-Itfm I¸-ep-Itfm H¶p-an-ÃmsX, ImÂ\S-bmbpw sNdnb N§m-S-§-fp-]-tbm-Kn¨pw C¶v AI-sebpÅ {]tZ-i-§-sf¶v \mw Icp-Xp¶-hbnse-¯n-t¨-cm³ hfsc sbm¶pw {]bm-ks¸SmsX Ignªp. aªp-cpIn IS ho|pw s]cpIn, Xmgv¶ {]tZ-i-§-sfÃmw shÅ-¯n-em|pt]mb-t¸mÄ AXXp {]tZ-i-§-fn s]«p-t]mb a\p-jyÀ X½n _Ô-an-ÃmsX Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p hÀj-§Ä Häs¸-«p-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. h³I-c-I-fnse Bfp-IÄ am{X-ta ]c-k] v cw ImWp-Itbm Pohn-¨n-cn¸ps|¶v Adn-bpItbm sNbvXncp-¶p-Åq. Zzo]p-I-fnepw AI-se-bpÅ `qJ-WvU-§-fnepw s]«pt]mb a\p-jyÀ¡v ]c-k] v c hn\n-ab - ¯ - nsâ A`m-h¯ - nÂ, AXXp Øe-§-fn-epÅ hnI-k-\-km-²y-X-IÄ am{Xta D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ign-ªp-Åq.

Gähpw Ah-km-\s¯ lna-bpKw GI-tZiw Hcp-e-£-¯n-]-Xn\m-bncw hÀjw-ap³]v Bcw-`n¨v ]´o-cm-bncw hÀj-§Ä¡p ap³ ]mWv Ah-km-\n-¨-Xv. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv Irjn F¶ almI|p]n-Sp¯w a[y-[-c-Wym-gn- {]-tZ-i¯v kw`-hn-¨-Xv. h³tXm-Xn-epÅ ]mcn-Øn-XnI\mi-¯n\v CSw-sIm-Sp-s¯-¦nepw FÃm a\pjy kwkvIm-c-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-amWv Cu Irjn. F¶m a\pjyÀ ]c-k] v cw _Ô-s¸«p \n¶n-cp¶ {]tZ-i-§-fnte Cu Irjn hym]\w sNbvXn-«p-Åq. AXpXs¶ `qa-²y-tc-Jbv¡v kam-´-c-ambn-¡n-S-¡p¶ DjvW-ta-J-em-{]-tZ-i¯pw anX-io-tXm-jvW-ta-J-ebnepw am{X-am-W.v C¶pw Irjn F¶ kmt¦-XnIhnZy F¯n-t¨À¶n«n-Ãm-¯Xpw kzbw I|p-]n-Sn-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯X - p-amb a\p-jy-ka - q-l§ - Ä [mcm-f-ap-|v. Hmtcm kaq-l-§fnepw \½Ä "kwkvImcw' F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¡p¶ hnI-k\ - ¯ - n\v hnt[-ba - m-Im³ Imc-Wa - mb Irjn Xs¶ hnI-kn-¡-W-sa-¦n AXXp {]tZ-i-§-fn hf-cm\pw hfÀ¯m\pw Ign-bp-¶-Xp-amb [m\y-§Ä e`yam-bn-cn-¡-Ww. Gähpw IqSp-X [m\y-§-fp-|m-bn-cp-¶Xv Cu a[y-[-c-mWymgn {]tZ-i¯pXs¶-bm-Wv. Bkvt{S-en-b-bn-em-Is« Irjn-¡-\p-tbm 97

a\pjycdnbm³

-Py-amb bmsXmcp [m\yhpw D|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn-\m \m¸Xn \m-bncw hÀj-§Ä¡pap¼v a\p-jy-ch - nsS F¯n-t¨À¶n-cp-¶p-sh¦nepw Ahsc Iym]vS³ Ip¡pw Iq«cpw Is|-¯p-t¼mÄ hf-scsbm¶pw amä-¯n\v hnt[-b-am-Im¯ Hcp P\-hn`m-K-am-bn«mWv I|-Xv. tImSn-¡-W-¡n\phÀjw ap³]v aäv `qJ-WvU-§-fnÂ\n¶v Hä-bv¡-I¶p t]mb Hcp `qhn-`m-K-amWv Bkvt{S-en-b. AXn-\m asämcp `qJ-WvU-¯nepw ImWm¯ Xc-¯n-epÅ sNSn-Ifpw ac§fpw Pohn-I-fp-am-Wv Ahn-sS-bp-|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. ]mtem Cd-¨ntbm Xcp¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ Hscmä Pohn-t]mepw CW-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m-\p-ap-|m -bn-cp-¶n-Ã. C¡m-cW - ¯ - mÂ, \mev]X - n-\m-bncw hÀj-¯n\p ap³]v F¯n-t¨À¶ Ime-¯p-|m-bn-cp¶ coXn-bnÂ\n¶v A[nIw amä¯n\v AhÀ hnt[-b-cm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. h³Ic-If - n Pohn-¨n-cp-¶h - À h©n I|p-]n-Sn¨v ho|pw AhnsS F¯n-t¨-cp-¶-Xp-hsc Zzo]p-I-fnepw Xpcp-¯p-I-fnepw s]«p-t]m-bhÀ AXXp Øe-§-fnse km[y-X-IÄ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]cn-an-X -s¸«p Ign-bm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. B{^n-¡, Gjy, bqtdm¸v F¶o `qJ-WvU-§Ä H¶n¨p InS-¡p-¶-Xn-\m Hcp kaq-l-¯n\I¯v Is|-¯n-bn-«pÅ FÃm-¯cw Adn-hpIfpw ]c-k] v cw ssIamdn GI-tZiw Hcp-t]mse hnIkn¡pIbmWp|m-b-Xv. Chn-sS-¯s¶ ka-X-e-{]-tZ-i¯p \n¶v ae-ap-I-fnse ImSn-\p-Ån-te¡v IpSn-tb-dn-b-hÀ ho|pw Hä-s¸« kaq-l-§-fmb "BZn-hmkn'Ifmbn XpS-cp-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. Cu {]{Inb \S-¡p-t¼mÄ AXXp {]tZ-i§ - f - n e`y-am-bn-cp¶ Irjn-¡\ - p-tbm-Py-amb [m\y-§fpw CW-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ Poh-Pm-e-§fpw a\p-jy-kw-kvIm-cs¯ F{X-t¯mfw \nÀ®-bn-¨ncp¶p F¶v \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. ]ip, BSv, ]¶n, IpXnc, ]«n, tImgn XpS§nb Pohn-Ifpw [m\y-§fmb s\Ãv, tKmX-¼v, _mÀfn XpS-§nbhbpw aäv ]b-dp-hÀ¤-§fpw e`yamhp-Ibpw Ahsb hfÀ¯m\pw Irjn-sN-¿m\pw Ign-bpIbpw sNbvX CS-§-fn am{X-amWv a\p-jy-hn-Imkw km[y-am-b-Xv. ISp¯ XWp¸v _m[n¨v aªphogp¶ Øe-§-fn DjvW-taJem {]tZ-i¯v \¶mbn hf-cp¶ s\Ãv Irjn sN¿m³ km[y-a-Ã.

CXp-t]mse Hcp kaqlw GsX-¦n-ep-samcp [m\y-s¯tbm Pohnsbtbm B{i-bn¨v hnI-kn-¡p-¶p-s|-¦n Ahsb aäp {]tZ-i§ -fn amän {]Xn-jvTn-¡-W-sa-¦n B Pohntbm sNSntbm AhnsS hf-cm³ A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cn-¡W - w. CXn-\m sX¡p-hS- ¡v InS¶ `qJ-WvU§ - f - n hnI-k\w ]c-k] v cw Adn-bp-t¼mįs¶ Ak ´p-en-X-amtb kw`-hn-¡p-I-bp-Åq. tIc-f-¯nse sX§p-Irjn F{XXs¶ Adn-bp¶ Hcp ae-bm-fn¡pw tX§ sIm|p-t]mbn 98

Ak-´p-en-X-hn-I-k\w F´p-sIm|v?

lnam-NÂ{]tZ-in-  hfÀ¯n Pohn-¡p-hmt\m k¼¶-\m-Ip-hmt\m km[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. Chn-sS-bmWv `q{]-tZ-i-§-fpsS InS¸v a\pjy hnIm-k¯ - nsâ Ak-´p-en-Xm-hØ krjvSn-¨X - n\v {][m-\a - mb Hcp Imc-W-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶-Xv. asäm¶v, AXXv {]tZ-is¯ Poh-Pm-e-§fpsS e`y-X-bmWv. C\n-sbmcp {][m-\-Im-cWw shÅ-¯nsâ e`yX-bm-Wv. \ZoXoc-§-fn hkn-¨n-cp-¶-h-cmWv temI-s¯-hn-sSbpw Gähpw IqSp-X hnI-kn-¨-sX¶pw ImWmw. ae-ap-I-fn- asä-´p|m-bmepw Irjn-¡-\p-tbm-Py-a-Ã, AXn-\m ae-ap-I-fn-te-dn-b-hÀ "ImS-•m-cmbn' XpSÀ¶p. Ccp-¼p-cp¡n sh«pI¯n-Ifpw ]Wn-bmbp-[§ - fpw Is|-¯n-bXn-\p-tij-amWv CXn-\ev]w amä-ap-|m-bX - .v CXp-t]mse sXt¡ Ata-cn-¡-bn F¯n-t¨À¶ P\-§Ä¡v tNmfsa¶ [m\yhpw CW¡n hfÀ¯m³ H«-Ih - p-ambn kmay-apÅ "ema'bpw "A¸¡'bpw F¶ c|n\w arK-§fpw am{Xam-Wp-|mbn-cp-¶-Xv. a\p-jy-cpsS BZnhym]-\-¯nsâ Ime-¯p-Xs¶ Cd-¨n¡p-]-änb hen-b-ar-K-§Ä th«-bm-S-s¸«p hwi-\miw h¶n-cp-¶p.

AtX-t]mse B{^n-¡-bpsS hSt¡-b-ä¯v ss\Â\-Zo-Xo-c¯v s]m«n-ap-f¨ kwkvImcw Ing¡pþ-- ]Sn-ªmdv hym]\w sN¿-s¸-s«¦nepw klm-dm-a-cp-`qan IS¶v sXt¡m«p bm{X-sN-bvX-«n-Ãm-sb¶v \ap¡p ImWmw. klm-d-bpsS sX¡p-þIn-g¡v `m-K-¯pÅ {]tZ-i¯mWv a\p-jy-Ip-e-¯nsâXs¶ Bcw`-sa-¦nepw Ahn-sS-bpÅ a\p-jyÀ henb amä-§s - fm-¶p-an-ÃmsX XpSÀ¶p-t]m-¶p. \Zn-If - psS A`mhw B{^n-¡³ `qJ-WU v ¯nsâ hnI-k\¯n\v henb hnLmX-am-Wv. Cu B[p-\n-I-Im-e¯pw B{^n-¡³ `qJWvUw ]n¶-Wnbn In-S-¡p-¶-Xnsâ {][m-\-Im-cWw CXp-X-s¶bm-Wv. asämcp \nÀ®m-bI LSIw taÂkqNn-¸n¨ kaq-l-§Ä X½nepÅ ]c-k] v c_Ô-am-Wv. Hcp kaq-l-¯n Is|-¯nb kmt¦XnIhnZy-IÄ asämcp kaq-l-¯n F¯n-t¨-c-Wsa-¦n ]c-k] v c-_Ô - § - f - p-|m-bn-cn-¡W - w; AXv bp²w-sIm-|m-bmepw hym]m-cw -sIm-|m-bmepw. Hscmä Pohn-hÀ¤-ambn B{^n-¡-bnÂ\n¶v Bcw`n¨v temI-sa-¼mSpw F¯n-t¨À¶ a\p-jyÀ¡n-S-bn aq¡n hncÂh¨v AÛpXw Iqd-¯¡ - h - ® - a - pÅ hyXym-k§ - Ä¡pw Ak´p-enXa\p-jy-hn-Im-k-¯n\pw Imc-W-am-bn-¯oÀ¶Xv Ch-sbms¡-bm-Wv. AXÃmsX, apX-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâtbm km{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâtbm "KqVm-tem-N-\-IÄ, Ip¯n-¯n-cp-¸p-IÄ, B{I-a-W-§Ä' F¶nh am{X-amWv Ak-´p-enX hnI-k\ - ¯ - n\p Imc-Ws - a¶ Nnc-{]-XnjvT t\Snb \½psS [mcW Xncp-t¯-|X - p-|.v F¶mÂ, Iq«-¯n-semcp Imc-W-ambn a\-Ên-em¡nbmepw Ah-bpsS ]¦v hfsc sNdp-XmsW¶v \mw AdnbWw. km{am-Py-Xz¯n\v X«n-s¡m|p t]mIm³ 99

a\pjycdnbm³

Aev]w kzÀ®tam shÅntbm In«n-bm-em-bn. F¶mÂ, Cu [mcW B[p- \ n- I - a mb FÃm- sIm- S p- ¡ Âhm§- e p- I fpw Nqj- W - ¯ n -sâbpw ASn-¨-aÀ¯-en-sâbpw bpàn-bnÂam{Xw ImWm\pw ]ckv]c - Ahn-iz-mk-¯ntâXmb Hcp ]pI-ad - b - ¡ v p-Ån- Pohn-¡m\pw \s½ _m²y-Ø-cm¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C{Xbpw \ntj-[-amb Hcp ImgvNbmWv amÀIvknkwt]m-epÅ {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§Ä \ap¡p \ÂIn-b-Xv.

100

Ak-a-Xz-kp-µ-c-t{i-Wo-_-²-k-aqlw

a\p-jy-hÀ¤w t{iWo-_² - a - mb þ GWn-¸S- n-IÄt]mse X«pX-«mb þ Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-am-W.v A¡m-cW - ¯ - m {]mbwsIm|pw _ew-sIm|pw Adn-hp-sIm|pw B[n-]Xy kz`m-h-t¯msS s]cp-am-dp¶ Hcp Iq«-am-Wv. Cu t{iWo_-²X \½psS "ka-Xz-kp-µ-c-temI'¯nsâ \nÀ½m-W¯n\v IS-I-hn-cp-²-ambn \nev¡p¶ H¶m-Wv. Iq«-¯n {]mb-ap-Å-hsc _lp-am-\n-¡m\pw c|mw-Xcw ]uc-•mcmbn kzbw KWn-¡m\pw Cu t{iWo-_-²X \½-fn kzm`m-hnIamb k½À±w sNep-¯pw. CXp-X-s¶-bmWv _e-¯n-sâbpw Adn-hn-sâbpw Imcy-¯nepw kw`-hn-¡p¶-Xv. Bb-Xn\m t{iWo-_-²-amb s]cp-am-ä-§Ä¡v Hcp "kzm`m-hn-IX' D|m-bn-cn-¡pw. ]t£, B[p-\nI kaq-l-¯nsâ \s«-Ãmb ka-Xz-sa¶ aqeyk¦-e] v \w AXnsâ {]tbm-K-£-a-X-bn Ft¸mgpw Hcp IÃp-I-Snbmbn A\p-`-h-s¸-Spw. {^©p-hn-¹-h-¯n\p tij-amWv "kaXzw' F¶ B[p\n-I-aqeyw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-¯n {]Xy-£-s¸-«-Xv. ]t£, CXnsâ {]tbmKw Ft¸mgpw B´-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihp-amb kwLÀjw \½-fnepw \½psS Npäp-]m-Sp-I-fnepw Df-hm-¡pw. CXv a\-Ên-em-¡msX ]c-k] v cw Af¶v Ipäw NmÀ¯m-\pÅ Hcp aqey-sa¶ \ne-bn-emWv C¶v kaXzw \½Ä¡n-Sb - n-ep-ÅX - v. Cu aqeyw a\p-jyÀ¡v C¶v Gähpw {]nb-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. \ap¡p apI-fn Bcpw th|, ]t£, Xmsg ]ecpw thWw F¶ coXn-bn-emWv Cu ka-Xz-k-¦ ev]w {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. kaXzw \nÀ½n-s¨-Sp-t¡| Hcp aqey-am-Wv. AXnsâ {]tbm-K-£-a-X-bv¡mbn Ccn-¸n-S-§ÄsXm«v sI«n-S-§Ä hsc ]p\À\nÀ½n¨v hnI-kn-¸n-t¡-|X - p-|v. henb Itkc-bmb knwlm-k\wsXm«v, Itk-c-IÄ D|m-bmepw Ccn¡m³ Ign-bm¯ t]meokvtÌj³hsc-bmWv Cu Ak-a -Xz-kp-µ-c-t{i-Wo-_-²-k-aqlw \n¡p-¶-Xv. ka-Xz-kp-µc-amb temI-\nÀ½m-W-¯n-\p-th|n Fgp-X-s¸« Imd 101

a\pjycdnbm³

amÀIvknsâ Iayq-WnÌv am\n-s^tÌm hmbn¨v tImcn-¯-cn¨v "Atlm, Atlm,' F¶p]dª Hcp Poh-im-k{v X-Ú³ Hcp \nan-j¯n-\p-tijw ]d-ªp, "A\p-tbm-Py-a-Ãm¯ Pohn-hÀ¤w.' AXmbXv a\p-jy-sc¶ Pohn-hÀ¤w t{iWo-_-²-amWv F¶ Abm-fpsS Adnhn\m ImdÂamÀIvkv hn`m-h\w sNbvX coXn-bnepÅ kaXz-kp-µ-c-temIw, A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-sW¶v Nq|n-¡m-Wn-¡p-I -bm-Wv. aäp-Å-h-cpsS apI-fn B[n-]-Xy-ap-|m-¡p-¶-Xn\v \½Ä, a\pjyÀ \mep coXn-I-fm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. sIm¨pPohn-I-fn \n¶m-cw-`n¨v FÃm k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-fnepw \ne-\nev¡p¶ {][m\ coXn-bmWv H¶m-a-Xm-bn-¸-d-bm-\pÅ "iàn'. _e-ap-Åh _e-an-Ãm¯-hsb Iog-S¡nhbv¡pw. a\p-jy-cp-sS-bn-S-bn Hcp tKm{X-¯e-h-\n-em-cw-`n¨v t]meo-kv, ]«mfw XpS-§nb B[p-\n-I- kw-hn-[m-\§Ähsc F¯n-\n¡p¶ H¶m-W-Xv. BÀ¡mtWm IqSp-X iàn-bp-Å-Xv, Ah-cmWv \oXnbpw \ymbhpw \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. asäm-cp-X-c-¯n ]d-ªm Pbn-¨-hÀ \oXn \S-¸m-¡p-¶-hcpw tXmä-hÀ \oXn-]m-e\ - ¯ - n\v hnt[-bc - m-tI-|h - c - p-am-W.v c|mw temIa-lm-bp-²-¯n lnäve-dmWv hnP-bn-¨n-cp-¶-sX-¦n NÀ¨nepw Ìmen\pw dqkvshÂäpw bp²-¡p-äh - m-fn-If - mbn hnNm-cW sN¿s¸t«-s\. c|m-a-Xmbn, iàn-bp-ambn hf-sc-b-[nIw _Ô-s¸«p InS¡p¶ H¶mWv, "hn`-h-§-fpsS apI-fn-epÅ B[n-]-Xyw'. BcpsS I¿n-emtWm hn`-h-§-fn-cn¡p-¶-Xv, AhÀ aäp-Å-hcpsS Pohn-¡m\pÅ Ign-hns\ \nÀ®-bn-¡pw. a\p-jy-k-aqlw hnI-kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\ -\p-k-cn¨v hn`-h-§-fpsS apI-fn-epÅ B[n-]Xyw, ]n³Xp-SÀ¨m-hImiw F¶\ne-bn \nb-a-]-c-am-¡-s¸-«p. AXv \oXn-]qÀ®-amb Hc-hI - m-ia - m-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. hn`-h§ - f - psS apI-fn B[n]-Xy-ap-Åh - À¡v kaq-l¯ - n "kzm`m-hnI'amb Øm\hpw am\hpw B[n-]-Xy-hp-ap-|m-Ipw. aq¶m-aX - mbn, ta¸-dª c|v {]I-Sa - mb B[n-]XycoXn-If - n \n¶v `n¶-ambn, Iptd-¡qSn kq£vaa - mb "Adn-hnsâ kam-lc - Ww' F¶ B[n-]-Xy-co-Xn-bm-Wv. BÀ¡mtWm Adn-hp-ÅXv AhÀ¡v kaq-l-¯n \nebpw hnebpw D|m-bn-cn-¡pw. am{X-aà aäv c|v coXn-I-tf-¡mÄ kq£va-am-b-Xp-sIm|v B[n-]Xyw {]I-S-ambn A\p-`-hn-¡mXncn-¡p-t¼mgpw Ah-tb-¡mÄ kpZr-Vam-b- B[n-]Xy-amWv Adn-hn-tâ-Xv. Adnh,v aäp c|p-sa¶t]mse, HcmÄ Häbv¡p-|m-¡p-¶-X-Ã. AXv DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶n-S-¯p-\n-s¶Ãmw kam-l-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv. B kam-l-cWw hyàn-K-X-ambn amdpIbpw AXv aäp-Åh - c - psS apI-fn Ft¸mÄ thW-sa-¦nepw {]tbm 102

Ak-a-Xz-kp-µ-c-t{i-Wo-_-²-k-aqlw

-K-£-a-am-¡m³ Ign-bpIbpw sN¿p-w. am{X-aà B[n-]Xy¯n\p hnt[-bcm-b-hÀ¡v AsXmcp \à Imcy-am-sW¶pt]mepw A\p-`hn-¡m³ Ign-bp-Ibpw hnt[-bXzw "kzm`m-hn-I'-am-bn-t¯m-¶pIbpw sN¿pw. ta¸-dª aq¶n-t\-¡mfpw kq£vahpw ià-hp-amWv \memat¯Xpw Ah-km-\-t¯-Xp-amb "{]kn-²n'. ta¸-dª aq¶v B[n-]XycoXn-Ifpw {]kn-²a - mImsa¦nepw B aq¶n-sâbpw A`mh-¯nepw {]kn²n \ne-\n-ev¡pw. {]kn²n \ap¡p apt¶ \S-¡p¶Xpw \½-fpsS A`m-h-¯n {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb H¶m-Wv. {]kn-²n-bp-Å-hÀ¡v Ah-schnsS F¯n-t¨-cp-t¶m AXn\p ap³ ]p-Xs¶ FÃm hmXn-ep-Ifpw Xpd-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-¡pw.

F¯p-¶-Xn\p ap³]pXs¶ a-äp-Å-hÀ Iog-S-§n-bn-cn-¡pw. AXn\m Iog-S-¡-s¸-«-hÀ¡v {]kn-²sc ImWp-t¼mÄ AXv A\p-{Kl-am-bn-t¸mepw tXm¶pw. AXn-\m iàntbm hn`-htam Adnthm D]-tbm-Kn¨v {]kn-²c - m-Im³ FÃm-hcpw Ft¸mgpw InWªp {ian¡p-¶Xp ImWmw. CtXm-tcm¶pw DÅ-h-cp-|mIpw; CsXÃmw tNÀ¶-h-cp-ap-|mImw. kz´w Ign-hp-sIm|p am{Xw, AXm-bXv Hcp ]m«p-Im-ct\m \À¯-It\m Imbn-IX - m-c¯ - nt\m aäp-Åh - sc B{i-bn-¡msXXs¶ {]kn²n D|m-Im-dp-|v. Cu Hcp coXn-bn-epÅ {]kn²n Hgn-¨mÂ, ta¸-dª aq¶v coXn-I-fn-eqsS {]kn-²-cm-Ip-¶-hÀ aäp-Å-h-cpsS {]kn²n Ih-cp-¶Xphgn-bm-Wv IqSp-X {]kn-²-cm-Ip-¶Xv. DZml-cW - ¯ - n\v alm-\mb Ae-Ivkm-|sd FSp-¡p-I. Ae-Ivkm-|À Hcp IpXn-c¸ - p-d¯p Ibdn {KoknÂ\n¶v hmĸ-bäv \S¯n temIw ]nSn-¨-S-¡n-bn-«n-Ã. Abm-tfm-sSm¸w h¶ Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n-\mÄ¡mcpsS ITn-\m-²zm-\hpw Poh-Xym-KhpwsIm|mWv Ae-Ik v m-|d - psS "al¯zw' D|m-b-Xv. Ae-Ivkm-|-dpsS IpXn-c-bpsS t]cp-hsc \ap-¡-dn-bmw, "_pkn^mekv '. ]t£, Abm-tfm-sSm¸w h¶ asämcm-fp-tSbpw t]cv \ap-¡-dn-bn-Ã. IqsS bp²w sNbvX Bfp-IÄ¡v e`n-t¡| {]kn²n ]¦phbv¡-s¸-SmsX Ae-Ivkm-|-dn-te¡v A\Àl-ambn amän {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-¶Xphgn-bmWv shdpw Ae-Ivkm|À "alm-\mb' Ae-Ivkm-|-dmbn amdp-¶-Xv. -Km-Ôn alm-ßm-hm-Ip-¶-Xv, cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hm-Ip-¶Xv tImSn-¡-W¡n-\mÄ¡m-cpsS kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-¯nse ]¦m-fn¯w, Adntªm AdnbmsX-tbm, kzmb-¯-am-¡p-¶Xphgn-bm-Wv. KmÔn"Pn' P\n¡p-¶-Xn\pap¼v B-cw-`n-¨-XmWv kzmX-{´y-k-acw F¶v Npcp-§nb]£w \mw HmÀt¡-|-Xp-|v. alm-•m-sc-Ãm-hcpwXs¶ aäp-Å-hcpsS IoÀ¯n tamjvSn¨p hfÀ¶-h-cm-Wv. AhÀ IoÀ¯n-bpsS Smäm_nÀemw_m\n-am-cm-Wv. bYmÀ°-¯n hn`-h-k-am-l-c-W103

a\pjycdnbm³

¯nse ]¦m-fn-IÄ¡v Xpey-ambn hnX-cWw sN¿p¶coXn ]peÀ¯nbm Hcmfpw apX-em-fn-bmbn amdm-¯-Xp-t]m-se, IoÀ¯n-bpsS bYmÀ° ]¦m-fn¯w AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-sW-¦n \mw C¶p ImWp¶ coXn-bn-epÅ al-¯p-¡Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-I-bn-Ã. C¡m-c-W¯m Hmtcm apX-em-fnbpw Hmtcm alm\pw ]Wtam {]ikvXntbm D|m-¡m³ Iq«p-tNÀ¶-h-cpsS I®o-cnsâ ]cn-W-X-^-e-am-Wv. Adnhv C¯-c-¯n-ep-Å-Xsöp tXm¶pw. ]t£, Hmtcm {]hr-¯nI-fn-eq-sSbpw a\p-jy-hÀ¤w BÀÖn-¡p¶ Adn-hp-IÄ Hcp coXnbn-e-sÃ-¦n asämcp coXn-bn kam-l-cn¨p kz´-am¡n AXnsâ Ip¯-Im-h-Im-in-I-fmbn amdp-¶-h-cmWv ]WvUn-X-•mÀ. AXmWv t]äâp-I-fp-tSbpw tIm¸n-ssd-äp-I-fp-tSbpw ASn-Øm-\w.

Cu Fgp-X-s¸-Sp¶ ]pkvXIwXs¶ t\m¡p-I. CXnse Adnhp-Is - fÃmw kamÀÖn-¡s - ¸-«X - m-Wv, CsX-gp-Xs - ¸-Sp¶ `mj Bbnc-¡-W-¡n\p hÀj-§ÄsIm|v ae-bm-fn-IÄ \nÀ½n-¨-Xm-Wv. AhÀ¡mÀ¡pw Hc-h-Im-ihpw Cu Fgp-X-s¸« ]pkvX-I-¯n\p apI-fn-en-Ã. Hcp tUmIvSdmbmepw F³Pn-\obdmbmepw Úm\ ] - oTw Ib-dp¶ AÚm-\n-bm-bmepw FÃmw C§s\ s]mXp-P\ - § - fpsS Adnhv IhÀs¶-Sp-¯-hÀXs¶-bm-Wv. CsXÃmw B[n-]-Xy¯n-tâ-Xmb hgn-I-fm-Wv. temI-¯pÅ Bfp-I-fpsS I¿nÂ\n¶v Cc¶p hm-§nb ]WwsIm|v kz´w t]cn [À½m-ip]-{Xn-IÄ Øm]n¨v s]mXp-P-\-tk-h\w \S¯n al-¯p-¡-fm-Ip¶ BÄ ssZh-§-fpsS Ime-¯m-WtÃm \½Ä Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv.

104

temIw amäp-¶-Xmcv?

B[p-\n-Ii - m-k{v X-¯nsâ Is|-¯e - p-Is - fÃmwXs¶-bmWv ]|s¯ "Ejo-iz-c•mÀ' Ah-cpsS [ym\-¯n-eq-sSbpw X]-Ên-eq-sSbpw Is|-¯n-b-Xv F¶pÅ Hcp s]mXp-[mcW \m«n-se-¼m-Sp-ap-|v. a\pjy C{µn-b-§sf \mephi t¯¡v Ib- d p- s ]m- « n- t ¨m- S m³ {ian- ¡ p¶ Aiz- ¯ n -t\m-Sp-]-an¨v Ahsb AS¡n\nÀ¯n \nb-{´-W-¯n sIm|p-h-cp-¶-Xn-\mbn \nc-´cw ]cn-io-en-¸n-¨n-cp¶ Hcp Nn´m-]-²-Xn-bmWv C¯-c-samcp Ah-Im-i-hmZw D¶-bn¡p-¶-sX¶v \mw HmÀ¡-Ww. C{µn-b-\n-{Klw hcp-¯nbmte "kXy'adn-bm³ Ignbq F¶p hmZn-¨n-cp-¶-hÀ Hcp \mWhpw am\-hp-an-ÃmsX imkv{X-Ú-•m-cpsS Is|¯- e p- I ÄXs¶- b mWv ]g- b - I me "]Wv U nX'•mcpsS k¦-e] v \ Is|-¯e - p-IÄ F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv Nncn-¡mt\ CS-\ÂIq. AXm-bXv DÅn-te¡p t\m¡n-bmÂam-{Xta kXy-adnbm³ Ign-bp-I-bpÅq F¶v iTn-¨n-cp-¶-hcmWv "NnX-dn-t¸m-Ip¶' At\z-jW - ] - Ù - m-hn-eqsS F¯n-t¨À¶v Aev]m-e] v -ambn Is|-¯nb "`uXn-I-kXy'§ÄX-s¶bmWv X§-fpsS Xt]m-X] v -¶-§-sf¶v GXp Xc-¯n-se¦nepw ]d-bp-Itbm kqNn-¸n-¡p-Itbm sN¿p-¶Xv. AXv "Bß'h©-\tbm Npcp-§n-b] - £w Aev]¯ - tam BWv. C§s\ sN¿p-t¼mÄ X§-fpsS At\z-jW - ] - Ù - m-hnsâ "khnti-jX'sb kzbw \ntj-[n-¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶sX¶vIqSn AhÀ HmÀ¡p-¶n-Ã.

C¶v "Bßob']pkvX-I-§-fpsS hymJym-\-§-fp-sS-bnS-bn Xe§pw hne§pw sF³ss̳, t{jmUnw-KÀ, Ìo^³ tlm¡n³kv, sslk³_ÀKv, amIvkv ¹m¦v XpS§nb t]cp-IÄ "G¨p-h-¨m apg-¨n-cn¡pw' F¶ coXnbn {]tbm-Kn-¨p-Im-Wmw. Xm³ ]d-bp¶ kXy-¯nsâ "imkv { Xo- b X'bv ¡ v kÀ«n- ^ n- ¡ äp thW- s a- ¦ n Cu {]kn² imkv{X-Ú-cpsS t]cp-IÄ hmcn-hn-X-d-Ww. A§s\-bmWv Cu ]g-©³ "Imf-h|nkn²m-´§ - Ä'¡v imkv{Xo-bX ssIh-cp-¶-Xv. apgw, AwKp-ew, amdv XpS105

a\pjycdnbm³

§nb Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ IrXyXbmÀ¶-X-sÃ-¦nepw Ah Hcp kab-s¯-¦nepw a\p-jyÀ¡p {]tbm-P-\-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. Imf-h|n C¶p \½psS \nc-¯n-tem-Sn-¡m³ Ign-bn-sÃ-¦nepw AXv bm{Xm-ku-Icyw Hcp-¡n-bn-cp-¶Xp Xs¶-bm-Wv. Cu \ne-bn-se-¦nepw Cu "Bßob imkv{Xo-bX' a\p-jyÀ¡v temIs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Fs¶-¦nepw {]tbm-P\ - s - ¸-«n-«pt|m F¶p t\m¡n-bm CsöpXs¶ ]d-bmw.

F¶m \mw ap³]p kqNn-¸n-¨Xpt]mse tKm{X-hÀ¤-¯nsâ AXm -bXv PmXn-I-fpsS GIo-I-c-W-¯n\v "\mw Hcp ssZh-¯nsâ a¡fmWv' F¶ k¦-e] v \w cmPm-¡-•m-sc Hcp ka-b¯v klm-bn-¨n«p-|v, AXp-am-{X-amWv Hcp-]-tbm-K-sa-¶-\n-e-bn Cu "al¯mb' Adn-hp-IÄ \nÀÆ-ln-¨n-«p-ÅXv. ]ns¶, Ipäw ]d-b-cp-X-tÃm, bYmÀ°-{]-iv\-§-fÃm¯ km¦-ev ]nI-{]-iv-\-§-fm he-bp¶ tcmKn-I-fpsS XmXvIm-enI im´n bv¡pw kzmØy-¯n\pw CX-e] v k - zev]w {]tbm-P\ - s - ¸-Sm-dp-|.v AXmbXv, AhÀXs¶ DXv]m-Zn-¸n¨v Is|-¯nb "tZh-{]iv\'¯n\pw "apÖ-•-]m]'¯n\pw "PmX-I-tZmj'¯n\pw "t{]X-_m['bv¡pw "ssIhn-j-¯n\pw' "B`n-Nm-c-¯n\p'amWv CXv Gsd {]tbm-P-\s¸-SmdpÅXv. Cu temI-ho-£W - § - f - n Ign-bp¶ AÚm-\n-Isf NnIn-Õn-¡m³ Xp\n-bp¶ B[p-\nI "a\-Èm-kv{X-Ú'•mcmWv Cu km¦-e] v n-I-Úm-\-§Ä¡v C¡me¯v Ah-cpsS {]i-kvXnbv ¡ pw hcp- a m- \ - ¯ n- \ p- a mbn hn\n- a - b - a p- | m- ¡ n- s ¡m- S p- ¯ - X v . ]t£, temI-s¯bpw AXnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-§-sfbpw a\-Ên-em¡m³ Ah klm-bn-¨n-t«-bn-Ã. adn¨v Cu temIwXs¶ Ahm-kvXh-am-sW¶pw AXp-Å-Xm-sW-¦n¯s¶ \mw ChnsS Ign-tb-|h-cà F¶p-amWv Ing¡pw ]Sn-ªm-dp-apÅ Bßo-b-ho-c-•mÀ ]d -ªp-]-c-¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Pohn-¡p¶Xnt\bpw Pohn-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ LS-I-§sf \ap¡v A\p-Iq-ea - m-¡p¶ {]hr-¯nsbbpw \ncp-Õm-ls - ¸-Sp-¯p¶ kao-]-\-amWv Cu Bßo-b-hm-Zn-IÄ F¶pw ]peÀ¯n-t¸m-¶n-cp-¶Xv. Ah-cmWv temIs¯ `uXn-I-sa¶pw Bßo-b-sa¶pw Xcw-Xncn-¨Xv. F¶n«v \nXy-amb Bßo-b-PohnXw t\Sn-sbSp-¡m-\pÅ "]cn-io-e\ If-cn-bmbn' temIs¯ AhÀ hymJym-\n-¨p. AXp-hgn temIs¯ \ap-¡\ - p-Iq-ea - mbn cq]m-´c - s - ¸-Sp-¯p-¶X - n\v {ian-¡p¶-hÀ `uXn-I-tem-I-¯n\v ]n¶mse ]mª-e-bp¶ Zpcm-ßm-¡fmbn Nn{Xo-Ic - n-¡p-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - v. Cu kn²m-´§ - Ä sa\-bp¶ t{Zmln-I-sf-bmWv \man¶pw BZ-cn-¨n-cp-¯m-dp-Å-Xv. ]©-`q-X-§ÄsIm|v H¶p-ap-|m-¡m³ Ign-bnà F¶v \mw ap³]v kqNn-¸n-¨p-ht- Ãm. ]t£, AXn-s\-¸ä - n- C¶pw hmNm-ec - m-Ip¶ hnZzm-•m-sc-bmWv sSen-hn-js - â-bp-Ån Bßo-bP - o-hnXw \bn-¡p106

temIw amäp-¶-Xmcv?

¶-hc - mbn \mw ImWp-¶X - .v sSen-hn-j\ - p-Ån-en-cp¶v Ejo-iz-c• - m-cpsS Is|-¯-ep-I-fpsS ho¼p-]-d-¨n-en apgp-In-bn-cn-¡p¶ ChÀ CSbv¡n-Sbv¡v tNmZn-¡p¶Xp ImWmw "Cu imkv{X-ÚÀ F´mWp \ap¡v \evIp-¶Xv?' F¶v. B kzman-bpsS AsÃ-¦n lmPn-bpsS AsÃ-¦n A¨sâ et¦m-«n-ap-X AhcpsS ap¶n-en-cn-¡p¶ sSenhn-j³ Iyma-dh - sc Is|-¯n-s¡m-Sp-¯h - c - mWv Cu imkv{X-ÚÀ. hmsam-gn-bmbn "hnh-c-t¡SpIÄ' ]dªp \S-¶n-cp¶ Cu hgn-hmWn-`-¡m--cpsS Pev]-\-§Ä ]pkvX-I-§-fn-em¡n FÃm-bn-S¯pw F¯n-¨Xpw ChÀ Bt£-]n-¡p¶ Cu imkv{Xw-X-s¶-bm-Wv. imkv{Xw F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb P\-§-fpsS AdnhmWv. X§fpsS Npäp-]mSv X§Ä¡n-W-¡m-\mbn {ian¨ BZn-a-a\p-jy-\n-em-cw-`n¨ Cu At\z-j-W-amWv C¶v `uXn-I-im-kv{X-sa¶ t]cn hnh[ imJ-I-tfmsS ]SÀ¶p ]´-en¨p \n¡p-¶-Xv. Iq«¯n hen¸w IqSnb Acn-a-Wn-IÄ tiJ-cn¨v Irjn sNbvXm IqSp-X hnf-hp-|m-Ip-sa¶v I|-¯n-b-hÄ, ]Wn-bm-bp-[-§Ä Is|-¯n-b-h³, Dcp-fp¶ N{Iw Is|¯nb-h³, ]ªntbm tcmatam ]ncn¨v hkv{X-§Ä s\¿m-sa¶v Is|-¯n-bh - Ä, Cu Ce I - Ä Xn¶m hb-äp-th-Z\ amdpw F¶v Is|-¯n-bh - ³ FÃm-amWv BZy-Ime imkv{X-ÚÀ. C§s\ Aev]-kz-e] v -ambn ASp-¡n-bSp¡n At§m«pw Ct§m«pw sImSp¯pw hm§nbpw hfÀ¶v Bbnc- ¡ - W - ¡ n\v hÀj- § ÄsIm|v henb k©- b - a mbn amdnb, imkv{X-sa¶v hnfn-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶, Cu AdnhmWv a\p-jy-ka - q-l¯ - nsâ bYmÀ°kz-¯v. \ap- ¡ v Npäp- ] mSpsam¶p It®m- S n- ¡ mw. \n§- f n- c p¶v Cu ]pkvXIw hmbn-¡p¶ apdn-bn temIs¯ GsX-¦nepw Hcp almsâ, AXm-bXv Bßo-b-a-lmsâ, _p²-sâtbm tbip-hnsâsbm \_n-bp-sStbm \½psS \m«nse \mcm-bW - s - âtbm Fs´¦n-ep-samcp kw`m-h\ Dt|m-sb¶p t\m¡mw. \n§Ä t]À¯pw t]À¯pw t\m¡n-bmepw H¶pw Is|-¯m-\m-hp-Ib - n-Ã. Hcp]t£, ta-i¸p-d¯ - n-cn-¡p¶ t]¸À ]d¶pt]mIm-Xn-cn-¡m³ _p²sâ {]Xna D]-tbm-K-s¸-s«¶p hcmw. ]t£, Hcp an\p-¡nb IÃn\pw AXp sN¿m- h p¶tXbp- Å q. _p²sâ Bi- b - { ]- N m- c WwsIm|v temI¯v kam-[m-\-ap-|mbn F¶p ]d-ªp-tIÄ¡m-dp-|v. A§s\-bm-sW-¦n Gä-hp-ah - k - m\w Xan-gsc sIms¶m-Sp-¡nb _p²in-jy-•m-cmb {ioe-¦-¡mÀ¡nS-bn Ft´ Cu kam-[m\w {]hÀ ¯n-¡m-Xn-cp-¶Xv? tbip-{InkvXp Ab-e¯ - p-Im-cs\ kvt\ln-¡p¶-Xn AXn-hn-Z-Kv²-\m-bn-cp¶p F¶v ]dªp tIÄ¡m-dp-|v.

A§-s\-bm-sW-¦n injy-•mÀ \S-¯nb Ipcn-ip-bp-²-§Ä¡v Bcp adp-]Sn ]d-bpw. kmtlm-ZcywsIm|v Ccn-¡-s¸m-dp-Xn-bn107

a\pjycdnbm³

108

temIw amäp-¶-Xmcv?

Ãm¯ Hcm-fmWv apl-½Zp\_n. Npcp-§n-b-]£w kp¶nþjnbm-Ifp-sS-bn-S-bn-epÅ ASn-sb-¦nepw H¶p XoÀ¯p I|m aXn-bm-bncp-¶p. tIc-f-¯nse PmXn amän-bXv {io\mcm-b-W-\m-sW¶v ]dªp-tIÄ¡m-dp-|.v A§-s\-bm-sW-¦n "CubnsS \S¶ "Cug-h -a-lm-k-t½-f\'¯n hSnbpw Ip¯n-¸n-Sn¨v \nÂt¡-|n- h-¶-sX§s\? CsXms¡ DZm-l-c-W-§-fmbn a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Cu alm•mÀ ]d-ªs - Xm¶pw Xs¶ temI¯v hcn-Itbm kw`-hn-¡p-Itbm sNbvXn-«n-Ã. temIs¯ Ch-scm«pw Xs¶ amän-bn-«p-an-Ã. imkv{Xw sIm|v amdnb t\«-§sf Ah-cp-tS-sX¶ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-¶-bn¨v \n¡-emWv Ah-cpsS {][m\ kw`m-h-\.

ChnsS \mw {]tXyIw {i²n- t ¡| Hcp Imcyw Bßo- b imkv{Xw F¶v Rm³ ]d-bp-¶-Xns\ BbpÀth-Zw, \mSy-im-kv{Xw, KWn-X-imkv{Xw XpS-§n-b-h-bp-ambn Iq«n-¡p-g¨p a\-Ên-em-¡-cpXv. GXv Xcw AdnhpÅ-h-tcbpw "ap\n-sb¶pw alÀjn'sb¶p-ambn-cp¶p ]|p-Im-e¯v A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xv. AXn\m hnizm- k n- I - s fbpw Ahn- i zm- k n- I - s fbpw Xncn- ¨ - d n- b pI ZpjvIcw. F¶mÂ, Hcphi¯v ssZh-hn-izm-kn-I-fmbn Pohn-¨n-cp¶-hÀ Ing-¡m-bmepw ]Sn-ªm-dm-bmepw bYmÀ° temIhn-Úm\-¯n\v kw`m-h-\I - Ä \ÂIn-bn-«p-|v. DZm-lc - W - a - mbn ]d-ªmÂ, Nc-I\pw kp{ip-X\pw \yq«\pw FÃmw C¯-c-¯n-ep-Å-h-cm-bn-cp¶p. ssZh-sa-§-s\-bmWv temIw \nÀ½n-¨n-cp-¶-sX¶v Is|-¯m\m-bn-cp¶p Ah-scÃmw {i-an-¨Xv. ]t£, AhÀ hniz-kn-¨n-cp¶ ssZh-im-kv{X-s¯-¸-än-bmWv ChnsS ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶-Xv. AXpt]m-se-Xs¶ ssZh-imkv{X{]NcWw am{X-ambn PohnXw \bn-¨ncp-¶-h-sc-bmWv ChnsS hnaÀi-\-hn-t[-b-cm-¡p-¶-Xv. \yq«\v Hcn¡epw ss__n-fn\v ]pd-¯p-t]mbn Nn´n-t¡|n h¶n-«nà F¶ bmYmÀ°y-ap-|v. temI-\nÀ½m-W¯ - n\v ssZhw D]-tbm-Kn¨ \nb-a -§Ä Is|-¯p¶ Xnc-¡n-em-bn-cp¶p At±-lw. asäm¶v C´y-bnse BbpÀth-Z¯ - nsâ Imcy-w. IÀ½-kn-²m-´¯n-e[ - n-jvTn-Xa - mbn temIs¯ ImWp-t¼mÄ \mw A\p-`h - n-¡p¶ tcmK-§-sfÃmwXs¶ Ignª P•-¯nsâ sNbvXn-I-fpsS ^e-amWv. {]mc-_v[-am-Is« A\p-`-hn-¨p-XoÀt¡-|-Xpw. AXn-\m tcmK§Ä NnIn-Õn¨p t`Z-s¸-Sp-¯n-bm Ah ASp¯ P•-t¯¡v amän {]Xn-jvTn-¡pI am{X-am-Wv sN¿p-¶Xv. am{X-hp-aà CXv ]pXnb IÀ½-¯n\pw ]pXnb ]m]-¯n\pw {]mc_v[§Ä¡pw CS-h-cp¯pw. C¯cw X¯z-Nn-´-IÄ _e-s¸-«p-\n-¶n-cp-¶-Xn\p \Sp-hn thWw Hcp sshZy\v Xsâ tcmKnsb NnInÕnt¡-|-Xv. AXn\m acp¶pw sshZy-im-kv{Xhpw ssZhwXs¶ t\cn«v HmXn-¯ -¶X - msW¶v {]Jym-]n-t¡| KXn-tISv AhÀ¡v D|m-bn-. AXn-\mÂ, 109

a\pjycdnbm³

FÃm hnÚm-\-{K-Ù-§-fp-sSbpw BZy A²ymbw GXv ssZhw, F§s\ X§Ä¡v CXp \ÂIn-sb¶p hniZoIcn-¡m³ amän-hbv¡p-I-bm-Wv ]Xn-hv; AXp-hgnbmWv A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS AwKo-Imchpw hmZ-¯n-\pÅ km[q-I-cWhpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ IgnªXv. A§-s\-bmWv bYmÀ° imkv{X{KÙ-§fpw Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Imcy-§Ä C§-s\-bm-sW-¦nepw ap³P•-hn-izm-khpw hn[nhnizm khpw sshZy-•mÀ¡v kuIcy-ambn h¶ Nne \nan-j§ - f - pan-Ãm-Xn-Ã, X§-fpsS acp¶p ^en-¡msX-hc - p-t¼mÄ, tcmKw aqÀÑn-¡p-t¼mÄ AsXÃmw A\p-`h - n-¨p-XoÀt¡| {]mc-_v[a - m-sW¶v ]dªp XSnX¸m³ AXv CSw sImSp-¯n-cp-¶p.... ap³]v \msamcp _kvbm{X-bn CS-s]-«n-cp-¶p-h-tÃm, C\n asäm¶v. tdmUnsâ sskUn XSn-¨p-IqSn \n¶n-cp-¶h - À¡v asämcp Zn¡n-te¡v t]mIm³ _Êv thWw. AhnsS Ccp-¶qdp t]tcmfw Ds|¶p hbv¡p-I. Hscmä _kv am{Xta DÅq-sh-¦n \nÝ-bambpw AhnsS BcmZyw Ibdpw F¶p-sXm«v F{X-t]À Ib-dWw F¶p-h-sc-bpÅ Ii-]n-i-IÄ D|m-Ipw. CXv A\p-\-bn-¸n¨pw `bs¸-Sp-¯nbpw ]cn-lc - n-¡m-\mWv ]e-t¸mgpw \mw {ian-¡m-dv. ]t£, Ahn-tS¡v \mev _Êp-I-fmWv hcp-¶-sX-¦n sXm®q-säm³ ]Xv iX-am-\hpw Cu Ii-]n-i-bn GÀs¸-Sp-Ib -- n-Ã. koäv \¼-cpIfpÅ Sn¡-äp-If - mWv Ah-cpsS ssIh-ia - p-Ås - X-¦n H«pw Xs¶ {]iv\w D|m-Im-dn-Ã. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v ]e Iw]mÀ«p-saâpI-fpÅ Hcp s{Sbn³. Hcp Xc-¯n-epÅ Bß-\n-b{- ´-W§ - tfm Ab-e¯ - pIm-cs\ kvt\ln-¡Ww F¶ D]-tZ-i-§tfm H¶pwXs¶ C¯-csamcp kµÀ`-¯n Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶n-Ã. Ahn-sS-bmWv Bhiy-§fpw ku-I-cy-§fpw hÀ²n-¸n¨v a\p-jy-cp-sS-bn-S-bn bYmÀ °-amb kam-[m\w D|m-¡m-\pÅ imkv{X-¯nsâ Ignhv hcp-¶X - .v bm{XsN¿p-t¼mÄ Adn-bm-sXm-cp-h³ Dd§n asäm-cm-fpsS tXmfn-te¡p Nmªm D|m-Im-hp¶ Ii-]ni XoÀ¡m³ Nnet¸mÄ Cu D]-tZ-i-§Ä klm-bn-s¨¶p hcmw. ""\½Ä FÃmhÀ¡pw ]´f¯v t]mI-t|, hg-¡S - n¡mXncn¡q'', XpS-§nb D] t- Z-i§ - Ä. A{Xbpw sNdnb Hcp ]¦pam{X-apÅ Cu Bßo-bÚ m\-§Ä temI-s¯ \nÀ®-bn-¨X - mWv Ignª Hcm-bncw hÀj-ambn \mw ]«n-Wn-¡mcmbn XpS-tc|nh¶-Xnsâ {][m\Imc-Ww. imkv{Xob-amb Adn-hp-I-sfbpw At\z-j-W-§-sfbpw XoÀ¯pw \ncp-Õml-s¸-Sp-¯nbpw AXn-en-S-s]-Sp-¶-hsc {Iqc-ambn ]oUn-¸n¨pw temIs¯ ]nt¶m«p\nÀ¯p-¶X - n\v ChÀ henb ipjvIm-´n-bmWv ImWn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. C¶pw P\n-X-I-ta-J-e-bnse At\z-j-W§-sf-¸än ASn-Øm-\a - n-Ãm¯ `oXn P\-§f - p-sS-bn-Sb - n P\n-¸n¨v Ah-bpsS hfÀ¨bv¡v hnLm-Xa - p-|m-¡p-Ib - mWv Ah-cpsS bYmÀ° kw`m-h\ - .

Bßob Adn-hp-IÄ F¶v hnfn-¡p-¶-sXÃmwXs¶ temI-s¯-¸110

temIw amäp-¶-Xmcv?

än-bpÅ AÔ-hn-izm-k-§Ä am{X-am-Wv. AÃmsX ssZh-hn-izmkw "\Ã' hnizmksa¶pw `qX- t {]- X - ] n- i m- N p- ¡ - f n- e pÅ hnizmkw "AÔ'hnizmkw F¶papÅ Xcw-Xn-cnhv Ahm-kX v h - a - m-W.v ssZhhpw ]nimNpw Htc AÔ-hn-izm-k¯ - nsâ Ccp-{[ph-§f - mWv. temI-s¯¸-än-bpÅ bYmÀ° Úm\-amWv imkv{X-Úm-\w. AXn-\p-]I - cw hbv¡m³ asäm-¶n-Ã. temIs¯ ]e-X-c-¯n Adn-bm-\m-Ip-sa¶pw B coXn-I-sf ÃmwXs¶ Hcp-X-c-¯n-e-sÃ-¦n asäm-cp-X-c-¯n {]tbm-P-\-{]-Zam-sW¶pw \ap-¡n-Sb - n {]N-cn-¸n¨p ImWm-dp-|.v AsXÃmwXs¶ X§-fpsS \ne-\nev]n\v DX-Ip-¶Xpw A¶w Is|-¯m-\pÅ hgnbpw F¶ \ne-bn-eà - msX aäp {]tbm-P\ - s - am¶panÃ. C¶p \ne-\n e - ¡ v p¶ ]Ån-Ifpw A¼-e§ - fpw Bcm-[\m-eb - § - fpw FÃmwXs¶ ]pcm-h-kvXp-K-th-jWtI{µ-¯n\p ssIamdn hnt\m-Z-k-©m-ctI-{µ-§-fmbn {]Jym-]n-¡mhp¶-tX-bp-Åq. ]g-b-Ime ssZh-§-fmbn-cp¶ kqcy\pw hcp-W-\pw kyqkpw Pq¸n-ädpw tXmdpw amS\pw adp-XbpsaÃmw Øm\w \jvS-s¸«v C¶v Ign-bp-¶-Xp-t]mse \nehn-epÅ "Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p¶' ssZh-§sfbpw A¼-e-§sfbpw ]ÅnIsfbpw amäm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. ]pcnbpw JPq-cm-tlmbpw AP-´bpw FtÃm-dbpw FÃmw hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-tI-{µ-§-ftÃ? ]ucm-Wn-I-Ime¯v a\p-jy-cn-§s - \-sbms¡ Nn´n-¨n-cp¶p F¶v ]Tn-¡m-\p-XI - p¶ ayqkn-b-§-fpsS Øm\ta Ah-bv¡m-h-iy-ap-Åq. C¶v \mw AXn\p-Ån sNe-hg - n-¡p¶ ka-btam AXn-\p-ap-If - n ]qip¶ kzÀ®tam H¶pwXs¶ a\p-tjym-]-Im-c-{]-Z-a-Ã. ]mhw P\-X-Isf I_-fn-¸n¨v Ah-cpsS I¿n-epÅ Ah-km-\-Nn-Ãn-¡mipw Ah-cpsS "k½X' t¯msS hm§n-s¨-Sp¯v [qÀ¯-•m-cmbn Pohn-¡m³ ]ptcm-ln-XhÀ¤-¯n\pw aäv CS-\n-e-¡mÀ¡pw CSw-s¡m-Sp-¡mt\ CXp-]-tbmK-s¸-Sq. \mep _Êv h¶-t¸mÄ F§s\-bmtWm kam-[m-\-]qÀ®-amb A´-co£w krjvSn¡-s¸-«-Xv, AtX-t]mse kuI-cy-§Ä hÀ²n¸n-¡p-I-bmWv a\p-jyÀ sNt¿-|-Xv. ]Icw Zmcn-{Zy-¯n-t\mSv ka-c -k-s¸-Sm-\-Ã, "hn[n'tbmSv hnt[-b-am-Im-\-Ã, ssZh-¯n\v Iog-S-§m\-à \mw ]cn-io-en-t¡-|Xpw ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡s - ¸-tS-|X - pw. Cu PohnXw ZpxJ-a-b-am-sW¶pw AXnÂ\n¶v tamN\w t\Sm³ F«v hgn-I-fps|¶pw {]N-cn-¸n-¨ _p²-t\m, CXv bYmÀ° Pohn-Xa - à - , \n§-fpsS PohnXw kzÀ¤-¯nemWv F¶v {]N-cn-¸n-¨ tbipthm \_ntbm, Cu temIw amb-bmWv AsÃ-¦n ss\an-jn-I-amW,v Bßm-sh¶ \nXy-k-Xys¯ Adnªv B\µXpµn-e-cm-hpI F¶v {]N-cn-¸n-¨n cp¶ t]c-dn-bm-¯Xpw t]c-dn-bp-¶-Xp-amb alÀjn-amtcm H¶p-aà kam-[m-\hpw im´nbpw sIm|p-hc - p-¶X - .v AXv B \mep _ÊmWv sIm|p-h-cp-¶-Xv. 111

a\pjycdnbm³

ChÀ ]d- b p¶ "`uXn- I - t emIkpJ- k u- I - c y- § Ä' hÀ²n¨ bqtdm-¸nepw Ata-cn-¡b - nepw Bkvt{S-en-bm-bn-ep-saÃmw "]-Ån-IÄ hn¡m-\p|v'F¶ ]ckyw ImWmw. B ]Ån-IÄ Ahn-Ss¯ ]W-¡mÀ hm§n tlm«-ep-Ifpw InS-¸m-S-§-fp-am¡n amäm-dp-ap-|v. ]t£ emän-\-ta-cn-¡-bntem B{^n-¡-bntem Gjy-bntem Hscmä ]Ånbpw hn¡m-\p|v F¶ ]ckyw sNbvXp ImWm-td-bn-Ã.

AXn\p ImcWw ChnsS Zmcn{Zyw \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p|v F¶Xp am{Xam-Wv. Zmcn-{Zy-ap-Å-hÀ FÃm-¯cw Bizm-k-h-N-\-§Ä¡pw sNhnsIm-Sp-¡pw. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m bqtdm-¸nse sXmgn-en-Ãm¯ A¨³ amcpw Bßo- b - t \- X m- ¡ fpw Cu Zpcn- X w- ]n- S n¨ cmPy- § - f n ]mªp \S-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw. {]tbm-P\ - c - l - n-Xa - m-bn-¯oÀ¶ ]Ån -IÄ bqtdm-¸n hn¡p-t¼mÄ AhÀ ]d-bp¶ kXy-k-ÔX Cu Bßo-bP - o-hn-IÄ¡p-s|-¦n \nÝ-ba - mbpw A¯-cs - amcp ]Ån aäv Zcn-{Z-cm-Py-§f - n D|m-¡p-Ib - n-Ã. ]t£, X§Ä¡-dn-bm-hp¶ sXmgn sNbvXv Pohn-¡-W-sa¶ Hscmä Dt±-iyta ]pXnb ]ÅnI-fp-|m-¡p¶ AhÀ¡p-Åq. Cu Dt±-iywXs¶-bmWv km¼-¯nI-ambn hnI-kn-¡p-¶X - n\pw imkv{Xo-ba - mb Adnhp t\Sp-¶X - n\pw XS-Êa - m-bn-¯o-cp-¶X - .v AXn-\m temI-ka - m-[m-\¯ - n\pw k¼-¯p h - À²n-¸n-¡p-¶X - n\pw hnÚm\w hÀ²n-¸n-¡p¶Xn\pw {ian-¡p-¶ -hÀ Cu Bßo-b-Po-hn-X-¡msc Dt]-£n-¡p-Itb hgn-bp-Åq.

ASn-¨a - À¯-s¸«v Pohn-¨n-cp¶ ]gb kmaqly hyh-Øn-Xn-If - n ]e-hn[ kmt¦-XnIhnZy-IfpsS IS¶phch,v Iogvs¸«p \n¶n-cp¶ P\-hn-`m-K§ - Ä¡v apt¶-dm³ kuIcyw Hcp-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡pw. kmh[m-\-¯n kw`-hn-¡p¶ C¯cw kmaq-lnI aps¶m-cp¡w Hcp k½À±-ambn ASn-¨a - À¯-s¸« P\-hn-`m-K¯ - nsâ DÅn hÀ²n¨p hcpw. Cu hfÀ¨ AXnsâ ]mc-ay-¯n F¯p-t¼m-gmWv \mw alm-•m-sc¶pw t\Xm-¡-•m-sc¶pw hnfn-¡p¶ Bfp-IÄ krjvSn¡-s¸-Sm-dp-Å-Xv. t\Xm-¡-•mÀ h¶v kZvhN-\-§-tfmXn P\-hn-`mKs¯ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-Ib - Ã, adn¨v Hcp P\-hn-`m-K¯ - nsâ bYmÀ° Bhiyw Hcp Ip´-ap-\-t]mse t\Xm-hns\ krjvSn-¡p-I-bmWv. \½Ä \Ã-h-sc¶pw sImÅ-cp-Xm-¯-h-sc¶pw hnfn-¡p¶ t\Xm¡-•mÀ C¯cw Bh-iy-§-fpsS krjvSn-I-fm-sW¶p ImWmw. hÀj-§-fmbn kacw sNbvXp-sIm-|n-cp¶ C´y-bnse P\-hn-`m-K¯nsâ \Sp-hn-te¡v KmÔn IS¶p hcp-t¼m-gmWv At±lw {_n«ojv hncp² ka-c¯ - nsâ Ip´-ap-\b - m-Ip-¶X - v. H¶mw temI-al - m-bp-²¯n tXmäv ASn-¨-aÀ¯-s¸« PÀ½³ P\-XbpsS at\m-ho-cyap-WÀ¯n-bXv lnäveÀ F¶ a\p-jy-\m-Wv. Cu c|p-t]cpw km²yam-Ip-¶Xv AXmXp P\-§-fpsS Bh-iy-§-fm-sW¶v ImW-Ww. ChnsS hyàn-I-fpsS khn-ti-jX Hcp P\-ap-t¶-ä-¯nsâ kz`m112

temIw amäp-¶-Xmcv?

h-\nÀ®-b-¯n\v klm-b-I-c-am-Im-dp-|v. ]t£, B P\-ap-t¶äw AhÀ \nÀ½n-¨-Xm-sW¶v sXän-²-cn-¡-cp-Xv. ]e-t¸mgpw t\XrXzw sImSp-¡p-¶-hÀ Ahsc t\Xm-¡-fmbn Icp-Xp-¶h - c - psS hnizm-khpw AÀ¸Wat\m-`m-hhpw I|v, X§Ä Imc-Wa - mWv P\-ap-t¶-äa - p-|m-bs - X¶v kzbw sXän-²c - n¨p t]mIm -dp-|v. P\§Ä B{Kln¨ B amäw kw`-hn¨p Ign-ªm Cu t\Xm-¡sf hgn-tbm-c-t¯¡v XÅn-\o¡n Dt]-£n¡m\pw apt¶dnb P\X aSn-¡m-dn-Ã. KmÔn-bp-sSbpw tIc-f-¯nse \mcm-bW sâbpw IY-sb-Sp-¯m CXp IqSp-X hyà-am-Ipw. tIm¬{KÊv ]ncn¨p hnS-W-sa¶pw {Kma-kz-cmPv BWv th|-sX¶pw JmZn-bpSp¯v Pohn-¡-W-sa¶pw Bh-iy-s¸«v "Pohn¨p ImWn¨' KmÔn, kzmX{´yw e`n-¨X - n\ptijw hgn-tbm-c¯ - n-cn-¡p¶ ImgvN \ap¡v ImtW|nh¶n-«p-|.v Xm³ ]d-ªm FÃm-hcpw tIÄ¡pw F¶p hniz-kn¨v kmap-Zm-bnI Iem]ka-b¯v CS-s]« KmÔn shSnsIm|v acn-¨-Xn\pw ImcWw asäm-¶-Ã.

"PmXn-t`Zw aX-tZzjw GXp-an-ÃmsX kÀÆcpw tkmZ-c-tXz\ hmgp¶ amXr-ImØm-\-am-WnXv' Fs¶-gp-Xn-h¨v FÃm-hÀ¡pw Xpd¶p sImSp¯ t£{X-§f - nÂ\n¶v \mcm-bW - ³ - I®p-\o-tcmsS Cd-§n-t¸mb IYbpw \ap-¡-dn-bm-hp-¶-Xm-W-tÃm. ZfnXv P\-hn-`mK-§sf t£{X-§-fn Ib-äm³ "kz´w' AWn-I-fmb Cug-hÀ k½-Xn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. \mcm-b-W-\pw \m«n-en-d§n PmXn amäp-I-bà D|m-b-Xv. adn¨v, {_n«ojvImcpsS `cWIme¯v \nÀ½n¨ kvIqfpI-fnÂ\n¶v hnZy e`n¨v kaq-l¯ - n Øm\w e`n-¡m-Xn-cp¶ Cugh P\-hn-`m-K-¯nsâ ka-c-¯nsâ \Sp-hn-te-¡mWv \mcm-b-W-³ IS¶ph¶-Xv. KmÔn-sb-t¸mse \mcm-b-W-³ X\n¡pap¼m-cw-`n¨ Hcp kmaq-ly-am-ä¯ - nsâ \Sp-hn-emWv F¯n-t¨-À¶ - X - .v \mcm-bW - ³ hcp-¶X - n\p ap¼p-Xs¶ ]ev]p tUmIvSd - m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw At±-l -¯nsâ t\XrXz-¯n Hcp Xobk` \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶p F¶pw \mw ad-¡-cp-Xv. F¶m Bhiyw Ignª CughP\X \mcm-b-W-s\ hgn-b-cnIn Dt]-£n-¨-Xn\v aäp c|p {][m\ sXfn-hp-I-fp-ap-|v.

Xsâ hm¡p- I Ä Bcpw tIÄ¡p- ¶ n- s öp a\- Ê n- e m¡n Fkv.F³.Un.]n tbmK-¯nÂ\n¶v \mcm-bW - ³ - cmPn-sh¨v ]pd-¯p -t]mb I¯v "{]_p² tIcf-'¯nsâ Xmfp-I-fn \ap-¡n¶pw hmbn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. AtX-t]mse "aZyw D|m-¡-cp-Xv, sImSp-¡cp-X,v IpSn-¡c - pXv' F¶ B]vXh - N - \w cNn¨ \mcm-bW - s - â t^mt«mbpsS ap¶n BZys¯ ¥mÊv BNm-c-]qÀÆw kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶Xv FÃm IÅpjm¸nepw \ap¡v Zriy-am-Wv. GXp t\Xmhpw P\¯nsâ Bhiyw Ign-ªm Dt]-£n-¡-s¸-Smhp¶ N|n-IÄ am{X-am-Wv; AXn-\p-tijw Im¡IÄ¡v I¡q-kpIfpw tdmUn\v hoXn-Iq-«m³ XS-Ê-§fpw.

113

`mj sIm|p-h¶ IpXn-¨p-Nm«w

{]]©w Bcw-`n-¨n-t«-bn-Ã, ImcWw AXp-Å-XmWv. amdns¡m-|n-cn-¡p¶ {]]-©s¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {ian-¡pt¼mÄ, AXm-bXv AXns\ Af¶v Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯m³ {ian¡p-¶-hÀ CSp¶ AS-bm-f-§fpw D|m-¡p¶ XpS-¡-§fp-amWv AXn-ep-Å-sX¶pw \mw kqNn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p. a\p-jycm-sW-¦nÂ, AhÀ ]c-k] v cw Bi-bh - n-\n-abw \S-¯p¶h-cm-sW-¦n AhÀ¡v XpS-¡-§fpw AS-bm-f-§fpw AXym-hi - y-am-sW¶pw \mw Is|¯n. temI-s¯, Asà ¦ - n Ah-cpsS Npäp-]m-Sp-Isf, aäp Pohn-If - nÂ\n¶v hyXykvX-ambn, IqSp-X A\p-Iq-e-am-¡m³ GI-tZiw A¼Xn-\m-bncw hÀjw ap³]p-Xs¶ a\p-jy-cm-cw-`n-¨n-cp¶p F¶v \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-{]-Im-c-apÅ sXfn-hp-I-fnÂ\n¶v \ap¡p a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bpw. Bbp-[-§fpw D]-I-cW-§fpw D|m¡n \ne-\nÂ]v k¼-¶-am¡n apt¼m«p \o§nb a\p-jyÀ temIs¯ cq]m-´c - s - ¸-Sp-¯p-Ib - m-Wp -|m-b-Xv. `mj-bpsS hnI-k-\hpw hkv{X-§Ä, Bbp-[§Ä, D]-I-c-W-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS Is|-¯epw Cu apt¶-äs¯ hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-bn-¨n-«p-|v. `mj a\p-jy-Po-hn-hÀ¤-¯n-t\m-sSm¸w h¶ Hcp X{´am-Wv. P\n-X-I-]-c-amb Dĸ-cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ ^e-ambn \ap¡p e`n¨ Ign-hm-W-Xv. Hcp Ip«n P\n¨v ]¯p-h-bÊn-\p-Ån tIÄ¡p¶ GXp `mjbpw kzmb-¯-am-¡m\pÅ Ign-hp-|v. Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\p-Ån Hcp `mj-sb¦nepw ]Tn-¡m³ Ign-bmsX Hcp Ip«n Pohn-¡p-Ib - m-sW¦n þ hnc-f-sa-¦nepw C¯cw kµÀ`w D|m-bn-«p-|v, DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v sN¶m-bv¡Ä hfÀ¯nb Ip«n-IÄ þ ]ns¶ AhÀs¡mcp `mjbpw ]Tn-¡m³ Ign-bmsX t]mIpw. ImcWw \½psS Xe-t¨mÀ hf-cp-¶Xv Npäp-]mSp-IfpambpÅ CS-s]-Se - p-If - n-eq-sS-bm-W.v AXm-bXv AIt¯¡pw ]pd-t¯-¡p-apÅ Hcp sImSp-¡Âhm-§-emWv _p²n-hn-Im-k-¯n\p Imc-Ww. Xe-t¨m-dn-s\-¸än ]Tn-¡p¶ \mUo-hyq-li - m-k{v X-ÚÀ \½psS Xe-t¨m-dn Hmtcmtcm {]hÀ¯-\-¯n-sâbpw 114

`mj sIm|p-h¶ IpXn-¨p-Nm«w

{]Xn-Ø-e-§Ä Is|-¯n-bn-«p-|v. AXm-b-Xv, I®p-I-fpsS {]hÀ ¯-\-¯n\v amän h¨n-cn-¡p¶ `mKw, ssII-fpsS {]hÀ¯-\-¯n\v amän-h-¨n-cn-¡p¶ `mKw XpS§n ]e Ah-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v {]Xn-Øe - § - f - p-|m¡n hnI-kn-¡p¶ Xe-t¨m-dn `mjbv¡pw HcnS-ap-|.v C§s\ CS-ap-s|¶v ]d-bp-t¼mÄXs¶ Ah-bpsS AXnÀ h-c-¼p-IÄ Ccp-¼p-e-¡-t]mse Dd-¨-X-Ã, Ah IeÀ¶mWv \ne \n¡p-¶-Xv. am{X-hp-a-Ã, Nne {]hr¯n-IÄ¡v H¶n-e-[nIw CS§Ä Iq«mbn CW-§n- {]-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xmbpw ImWmw. AXpt]m-se- hyXy-kvXX - IÄ \ne-\nÀ¯ns¡m|p Xs¶ Ch k¦oÀ®co-Xn-bn H¶n¨p {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xmbpw ImWmw. ChnsS Xet¨m-dn-s\-¸-änbpw AXnsâ hnIm-k-s¯-¸-änbpw a\-Ên-em-¡pt¼mÄ ap³]p-Im-e¯v B´-cn-I-am-bn-cp-¶v \s½ \bn-¨n-cp¶ Hcm-ßm-hn-s\-¸-än-bpÅ ]cnI-e] v -\-bp-|v. B -]cnIev]-\-sb AtX-]Sn Xe-t¨m-dn-te¡v amän {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-I-bà sN¿p-¶sX¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡Ww. hyàn-K-X-amb Gä-¡p-d-hnt\m hyXym-k¯nt\m A\p-k-cn¨v ]Xn-s\-«n\pw Ccp]-¯nb©n\pw hb-Ên-\pÅn B´-cn-I-amb hfÀ¨ ]qÀ¯oI-cn¨v \½psS hyàn-Xzcq-]o-I-cWw kw`-hn-¨n-cn-¡pw. AXn-\p-tijw \½Ä¡v hbÊp IqSp-¶-Xmbn A\p-`-hn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. Cu A\p-`-h-s¯-bmWv "amä-anÃm-¯ Bßmhv' F¶ coXn-bn \mw ap³Im-e¯v a\-Ên-em-¡n-bXv. Hmtcm Bfpw hnNm-cn-¡p-¶Xv X\n¡v hb-Êm-Ip-¶n-Ã, aäp-Åh-scÃmw hb-Êc - mbn amdp¶p F¶m-W.v Cu "amä-an-Ãm¯ Bßmhv' hyXy-kvX-amb ]e-bn-S-§-fpsS GIo-I-c-Wm-h-iy-sa¶ \ne-bn \½psS B´-cnIm\p-`-hambn amdp-I-bm-Wv. AXnsâ LS-I-§fnÂ\n¶pw `n¶-amb, kzX-{´-amb Hc-kvXnXzw AXn-\nÃ. LS-I§-fnÂ\n¶pw H«pw-Xs¶ `n¶-aà - m-Xn-cp-¶p-sIm|v \«pw t_mÄ«pw hoepw t_mUnbpw F³Pn\pw koäpw FÃmw tNÀ¶v Imsd¶ GIIw \ap¡v A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-t]m-se-Xs¶bmWv Rms\¶ GIIw Xe-t¨m-dnse `n¶ {]tZ-i§ - Ä tNÀ¶v \ap-¡\ - p-`h - s - ¸-Sp-¶X - .v a\p-jyÀ¡v \o| _mey-ImeamWp-Å-Xv. Cu Ime-L-«-¯nÂ, GI-tZiw ]Xn-s\-«n\pw Ccp-]-¯nb©n-\p-an-S-bn hÀj-§-sfSp¯v, sImSp-¡Âhm§-en-eqsS {]Xn-Øe-cq-]o-I-cWw \S¯n hnI-kn-¡p¶ Hc-hb - h - a - mWv a\p-jysâ Xe-t¨m-d.v F¶p ]d-ªmÂ, hyànXz cq]o-I-c-W-¯n\v Hcp \o| Ime-b-f-hp-s|-¶À°w. ap«bnÂ\n¶p hncn-bp¶ Ba-¡p-ªnt\m ]m¼n³Ipªnt\m ]ns¶m¶pw \ÂtI|n hcp-¶n-Ã. AhÀ \ne-\n-ev¡m-\pÅ Adnhp-am-bmWv {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. ]t£, ]cn-N-c-W-¯n-eq-sSbpw hfÀ¯-en-eq-sSbpw `mj-sb¶ alm-hn-Zy-bn-eq-sSbpw k¦oÀ®amb Adn-hp-IÄ P\n-X-I-co-Xn-tbm-sSm¸w kam-´-c-ambn sI«p115

a\pjycdnbm³

]n-Wªv hnI-kn-¡p¶ coXn-bmWv a\p-jy-¡p-ªp-¡Ä¡p e`n¡p-¶-Xv. kkvX\ - n-If - p-sS-bn-Sb - n-epÅ, a\p-jy-Ip-eh - p-ambn ASp¯ _ÔapÅ, Nn¼m³kn XpS-§nb Pohn-I-fp-ambn sXm®q-säm³]Xp iX-am\w P\n-XIkmZriyw \ap-¡p-s|-¦nepw Nn¼m³kn-bp-ambn \ap-¡pÅ AÛp-Xs - ¸-Sp-¯p¶Xc-¯n-epÅ AIew Dĸ-cn-hÀ¯\-¯m \ap¡p e`n¨ `mj-sb¶ Ign-hm-Wv. `mj ]d-bm-\pÅ Ignhv Bsc-¦nepw ]Tn¸n¨n«p-|m-Ip-¶-X-Ã. a\p-jy-¡p-ªm-sW¦n aq¶p hb-Ên-\p-Ån¯s¶ hfsc k¦oÀ®-amb hymI-cW \n_-²-amb `mj ssIh-i-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡pw. Cu `mj hnI-kn¡p¶ kabw aäv GXp `mj tI«mepw Hcp Ipªn\v ]Tn-¡p-hm-s\ -fp-¸-am-Wv. `mj ]Tn-t¡-|Xv Fgp-Xn-bà - , tI«m-W.v `mj tI«v ]Tn-¡m¯Xp sIm|p am{X-amWv Ip«n-IÄ "A\y'`mj ]Tn-¡m³ kvIqfp-I-fn sshjayw A\p-`h - n-¡p-¶X - v. acw Ib-dm³ Ipc-§nsâ Ipªns\ ]Tn-¸n-t¡-|X - nà F¶p ]d-bp-¶X - p-t]mse `mj ]Tn-¡m³ a\p-jy -¡p-ªp-§-tfmSv ]d-tb-|-Xn-Ã. ]t£, I¿pw Imepw sI«n-bn«v Ipc-§nsâ Ipªn-t\mSv ac-¯n Ibdq F¶p]d-bp-¶-Xn\p Xpey-amWv `mj tIÄ¡msX AXp ]Tn-¡m\pw ]Tn-¸n-¡m-\p-ambn \mw Ipªp-§sf kvIqfp-I-fn ]oUn-¸n-¡p-¶X.v tIÄ¡pI F¶ {]mY-an-Im-hi - y-¯nsâ A`m-h¯ - m-emWv `mj ]Tn-¡m³ IgnbmsX t]mIp-¶-Xv. AÃmsX `mj ]Tn-¡m-\pÅ "_p²n-ap-«p'-sIm|-Ã. \K-c-§-fnse ^vfmäp-I-fn Xma-kn-¡p¶ hyXykvX `mj¡mÀ kwkm-cn-¡p-¶Xp tI«v aq¶pw \mepw `mj ssIImcyw sN¿m³ Ign-hp-Åh - c - mbn Ip«n-IÄ amdp-¶Xv \ap¡v ImWm-at - Ãm. \nÝ-ba - mbpw kz´w amXr-`m-jb - m-bn-cn-¡Ww Hcp `mjm-²ym-]I - ³ ]Tn-¸n-t¡-|X - v. AXnsâ A`m-ha - mWv A\y-`mj ]Tn-¡m³ _p²nap-«mbn Ip«n-IÄ A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nne hnj-b-§-fn NneÀ¡v Xm¸-cy-ap|,v Nne-Xn Xm¸-cy-an-à F¶p ]d-bp-¶X - p-t]msebà `mj. ImcWw `mj-sbmcp hnj-b-a-Ãm- F¶-Xp-Xs¶. GsX-¦nepw `mj ]Tn-¡m³ _p²n-ap-«p-s|¶v Bsc-¦nepw ]d-ªm B `mj kwkm-cn-¡p¶ \m«nse Ip«n-Ifpw A§-s\-Xs¶ A\p-`-hn¡-Ww. ]¯p-hb - Ê - n-\p-Ån `mj-bpsS {]Xn-Øew cq]-s¸-«n-«n-sÃ-¦n Hcp `mjbpw ]d-bm³ Ign-hn-Ãm-¯-h-cmbn \mw amdpw. CXv A\yar-K§ - Ä hfÀ¯nb Ip«n-If - psS IY-If - nÂ\n¶v \mw ImWm-dp-|v.

ImcWw `mjtI«v cq]-s¸-tS| Xe-t¨m-dnse {]Xn-Øew Npäp]m-Sp-apÅ "aäv Øe-¡mÀ' It¿-dn-t¸m-Ip-¶X - p-sIm-|mWv C§s\ kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. Xe-t¨mdnsâ B[p-\n-I-ambn hnI-kn¨ CS-§Ä 116

`mj sIm|p-h¶ IpXn-¨p-Nm«w

Npäp-]m-Sp-am-bpÅ CS-s]-Se - p-If - n-eqsS hnI-kn-¡p-¶X - m-sW¶v a\Ên-em-¡-Ww. I®p hncn-bm¯ ]q¨-¡p-ªn-sâtbm ]«n-¡p-ªnsâtbm I®p-IÄ Hcp tS¸p-sIm|v Iptd\mÄ ad¨ph¨m I®p ImWm-Xm-Ipw. I®v hncnªv, I|v, ]pd¯p\n¶pÅ Adn-hp-IÄ AI¯psN¶v _p²n-hn-Imkw kw`-hn-¡m¯-Xp-sIm|mWv I®p ImWm-Xm-Ip-¶Xv. AXm-bXv I®v F¶ C{µn-bhpw AXnsâ {]Xn-Ø-e-ambn cq]-s¸-tS| Xe-t¨m-dnse khn-ti-j-ta-J-ebpw X½n-epÅ _Ôw CÃm-sX-t]m-Ip-¶XpsIm|mWv ImgvN F¶ {]{Inb kw`-hn-¡m-¯-Xv. C¯-c-samcp {]{InbXs¶-bmWv `mj tI«v hfÀ¶n-sÃ-¦n a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jvI-¯n kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xpw. AXn-\m ]¯p-hb - Ê - n-\p-Ån Hcp `mj-sb-¦nepw tI«p hfÀ¶hÀt¡ aäv `mjItfm GsX-¦nepsamcp-`mjtbm ssIImcyw sN¿m-\pÅ Ignhv D|m-hp-I-bp-Åq. `mj a\p-jy\p e`n¨ P\n-X-I-alm--hn-Zy-bm-sW¶v ]d-ªph-tÃm. aäv Pohn-IÄ¡n-Ãm-¯Xpw a\p-jyÀ¡pÅ khn-ti-jh - p-amb Hcp Ign-hmWv `mjm-{]-tbm-Kw. ]mc-¼-cy-co-Xn-bn P\n-X-I-ambn e`n-¡p¶ Adn-hp-I-tfm-sSm¸w ]pXnb AdnhpIfpw "HmÀ½-Ifpw' ]¦p-h-bv¡p¶ X{´-am-Wv `mj. P\n-XI Adn-hn-ep-]cn AÑ-\-½{]-hÀ¯-\a - mb hfÀ¯-en-eqsS "hyàn-KX'amb "ka-Im-enI'amb A\p-`h - Ú m-\s¯ Ip«n-If - p-ambn ]¦p-hb - v¡p-¶X - n-\mWv "hfÀ ¯Â' F¶ X{´w D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu X{´s¯ Bbn-ctam AXn-e-[n-Itam aS§v Ign-hp-ä-Xm-¡p¶ alm-X-{´-amWv `mj. Cu alm-X{- ´-amb `mj, ]t£, Bbn-c¡ - W - ¡ - n\p hÀj-§ÄsIm|v sIm|pw sImSp¯pw hm§nbpw hfÀ¶-Xm-sW¶ Imcyhpw \mw hnkva-cn-¨p-Iq-Sm. A\y-Zn-¡nÂt]mb HcmÄ XncnsIh¶v Xsâ A\p-`-hs¯ aäp-Åh - c - p-ambn ]¦p-hb - ¡ v p-¶X - n\v Abmsf klm-bn-¡p¶ D]m -[n-bmWv `mj. `mj-bpsS D]-tbm-K-¯n-eqsS amäs¯ a\-Ên-em¡m³ \mw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ Imehpw tZihpw F¶ Af-hp-tIm-epI-fpsS ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ \mw adnI-S-¡p-¶p. hmsamgnbmbn h¶v cmamb- W hpw ss__nfpw JpÀB- \ p- s aÃmw \½psS Pohn- X s¯ kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶Xv `mj-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Hcm-fpsS A\p-`hw kvarXn cq]-¯n- AaqÀ¯am¡n, kw{K-ln¨v aäp-Åh - c - psS A\p-`h - a - m¡n amäp¶ hnZy-bmWv `mj. Cu X{´-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨v Hcm-fpsS A\p-`hs¯ aäp-Åh - c - p-sS A\p-`h - a - m¡n amän, Ahsc AI-ehpw Ime-hpwsIm-|p-|m-Ip¶ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ adnIS¯n, hcpwIme-¯p-|mIm³ t]mIp¶ A\p-`-h-§Ä¡v k¶-²-cm-¡m³ Ign-bpw. Cu Ign-hmWv aäp Pohn-I-fpsS apI-fn \mw t\Snb B[n-]-Xy-¯n\v {][m\ Imc-Ww. ]cn-Nn-´\w sN¿m-\pÅ Ign-hp-IqSn D|m-b117

a\pjycdnbm³

t¸mÄ B´-cn-I-ambn \S-¡p¶ hyh-lm-c-§fneqsS Is|-¯nb "hcpw-hc - m-bvII - Ä'IqSn ]¦p-hb - v¡m³ `mj ]cym-]vXa - m-bn. IqsSbpÅ Hcm-fpsS B´-cnI hyh-lm-c-§Ä Adnbm\pw \½psS B´- c nI hyh- l m- c - § Ä ]IÀ¶p \ÂIm\pw `mj- b v ¡ pÅ Øm\w AZzn-Xo-ba - m-Wv. AXn-\memWv aäpÅh-cpsS "a\-Ê'dnbm³ \mw Imcy-§Ä "tNmZn¨v' a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xv. Hmtcm {]tZ-i-§-fnse a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-hn-Im-k-hp-ambn sI«p-]nW-ªmWv Hmtcm `mjbpw hnI-kn-¡p-¶-Xv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ ]c-k] v cw BKncWw sNbvXpw ]pd-´-Ånbpw hf-cp¶ `mj-IÄ Ncn-{X-¯nsâ ]e-bn\w `mWvU-s¡-«p-I-fpsS IqSm-c-am-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. CXnÂ\n¶p tamNn¨ "ip²-amb' Hcp `mj Hcn-¡-ep-ap|m-Inà F¶ Imcyhpw \mw hnkvac - n-¨p-Iq-Sm. "X{´w, hnZy'Fs¶Ãmw \mw ]d-bp-t¼mgpw Hcp kwkvIm-c-¯n Hmtcm hyàn-bp-tSbpw hyàn-K-X -N-cn{XwIqSn DÄt¨À¶mWv AXp hnI-kn-¡p-¶sX¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse, a\p-jy-hn-Im-k-¯nsâ FÃm-¯cw {]{In-b-I-fp-sSbpw {]Xn-Ñmb IeÀ¶ Hcp cq]-amWv `mj-IÄ¡p|m-Ip-¶X - .v AXn-\m Cu ]pkvXI - sa-gp-Xp¶ `mjbpw CXp-hsc a\p-jy-cmÀÖn¨ FÃm hnizmkþAÔ-hn-izmk k½n-{i-amb \nd-§-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb `mj-Xs¶ Bbncn¡pw. CXv Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm-\m -hm¯ Ncn{X]Ý-m¯-e-am-Wv. `mjbpw Nn´bpw imkv{Xo-b-amb IrXy-X-tbmsS cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-Sp-¡m-\pÅ Hcp ]pkvX-I-am-bn«mWv Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ cN-\- D¶w hbv¡p-¶-sX-¦n-epw C¸dª Imc-W§ - f - m C¯-c¯ - n-epÅ GXp {iahpw \nÀ®o-Xhpw A¡m-c-W-¯m ]cn-an-X-hp-am-bn-cn-¡psa¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em¡Ww.

118

shfp-¸n-t\m-SpÅ hnt[-bXzw

a\p-jyÀ¡v A©v C{µn-b§ - f - p-s|-¦nepw AXn {][m-\ -s¸-«-Xmbn \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶Xpw Icp-Xp-¶Xpw I®mWv. AXn-\m a\p-jy-cpsS FÃm Adn-hp-Is - fbpw tImÀ ¯n-W¡n ]d-bp-t¼m-sgÃmw "\mw A§s\ ImWWw' F¶p]d-bpw. am{X-aà ]g-bI - me X¯z-Nn-´I - s - f-sbÃmw "ZÀi\w' F¶mWp hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. "a\-Ên ImWWw', "Bßm-hns\ ZÀin-¡Ww' Fs¶Ãmw \mw ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Cu I®nsâ {]m[m-\y-amWv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. shfn-¨w, Ccp«v F¶ Zzµzw a\p-jy-cpsS X¯z-Nn-´-Ifn hfsc {][m-\-am-Wv. \½psS aqey-{I-a-§sf shfn-¨¯n-t\mSpw Ccp-«n-t\mSpw _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯n-bmWv \mw hn`Pn-¡m-dp-ÅX - v. \ÃXpw XobXpw F¶v Xcw-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xpw Cu shfn-¨-¯n-sâbpw Ccp-«n-sâbpw {[ph§sf B{ibn-¨m-Wv. "Ccp-«nÂ\n¶v shfn-¨-¯n-te¡p \bn-¨mepw' F¶v \½Ä {]mÀ°n-¡m-dp-|.v shfn-¨¯ - n-t\mSv _Ô-s¸Sp¯n shfp-¯-Xn-t\-bpw Ccp-«n-t\mSv _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n Idp-¯-Xn-t\bpw \mw ImWm-dp-|v.

"Idp¯ iàn-IÄ', "Ccp-«nsâ iàn-IÄ' Fs¶Ãmw aqey-¯nsâ No¯-h-is¯¡pdn-¡p-¶p. adn¨v shfp¯Xpw shfn-¨¯ - n-t\mSv _Ô-s¸-«Xpw \Ãhis¯¡pdn¡p-¶p. ]t£, C{µn-b§ - f - n I®p-IÄ¡v C{X {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-|mWv Cu aqey-hn-`-P-\-§Ä \ne\n-ev¡p-¶-sX¶ Imcyw \mw ad¶pt]mIpw. \½-psS Cu hn`-P\w temIs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡m-\pÅ Hcp D]m-b-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m-sX, temI-¯nsâ bmYmÀ°y-ambn Icp-XpI-bmWv \mw sN¿p-¶-Xv. C¡m-c-W-¯m kqcy-\-kvX-an¡p-t¼mÄ Cc-tX-Sn-bn-d-§p¶ FÃm Poh-Pm-e-§-sfbpw \ap¡p `b-am-Wv, shdp-¸m-Wv. shfn¨w F´m-sW¶v \ap-s¡m¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡mw. ]e-X-c-¯n Xcw-K-§-fpÅ H¶mWv bYmÀ°-¯n shfn-¨w. Cu shfn-¨¯ - nse Hcp {]tXyI XcwKw \½psS I®n\v A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶X - n¡-hnªv asämcp 119

a\pjycdnbm³

{]tXy-I-Xbpw CÃ. shfn-¨-¯nse aäp Xcw-K-§-fp-]-tbm-Kn-¨p ImWp¶ I®p-Itfm, AX-sÃ-¦n \½-fp-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ Xcw-K¯nsâ Gähpw sNdnb Afhv D]-tbm-Kn¨p ImWp¶ I®pI-tfm DÅ Pohn-IfmWv cm{Xn-bn Cc-tX-Sn-bn-d-§p-¶-Xv. am{X-a-Ã, I®pIÄ F¶ C{µn-b¯ - n-\p-Xs¶ {]m[m-\y-an-Ãm-¯, aäv C{µn-b§ - Ä¡v {]m[m\yw \evIn Pohn-¡p¶ Pohn-If - mWv cm{Xn-bn Cd-§m-dp-ÅX - .v AÃmsX Ah- {Iqc-am-btXm ss]im-Nn-I-am-btXm `oI-c-am-btXm H¶pw Xs¶-b-Ã. \½-tf-¡mÄ \qdp iX-am-\hpw ]mhw Pohn-I-fmW-h; cm{Xn-bn-en-c-tX-Sn-bn-d-§p-¶, IqSp-Xepw \½sf `b-¡p¶ \ncp-]-{ZhPohn-I-Ä. F¶n«v, \½Ä Ccp-«nÂ\n¶v tamN\w t\Sm\mbn \nXyhpw {]mÀ°n-¡pw, "Xa-tkmam tPymXnÀK-a-b.' a\p-jytcmfw {Iqc-cm-b, A\y-a\ - p-jyÀ¡pw aäp-Po-hn-IÄ¡pw Htc-t]mse `oXn- P-\n-¸n-¡p¶ asäm-cp-Po-hnbpw CXphsc `qanbnep|m-bn-«pan-à F¶ hkvXp-X-IqSn HmÀ¯m Nncn¡pI-bÃmsX asämcp \nhr-¯n-bp-anÃ.

HcpIme¯v a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nse ISp¯ bmYmÀ°y§-fm-bn-cp¶p Ccp-«¯ - n-cn-¡p¶ ]nim-Np-¡fpw b£n-Ifpw `qX-§ -fp-sa-Ãmw. cm{Xn-bn ]pd-t¯-¡n-d§n t]mIm-\mbn \½Ä tIc-f¡mÀ¡v BsI-bp-|m-bn-cp¶ Ah-ew_w Hcp Nq«pI-äb - m-bn-cp-¶p.

Bfn-¡-¯nbpw a§nbpw Nne-t¸mÄ AWªpwhsc t]mIp¶ Cu Nq«p-I-ä-bpsS shfn-¨-¯n thWw Ccp-«n-en-cn-¡p¶ `qX-§sf-sbÃmw \ap¡p ImWm³. sIm«m-c-¯n i¦p-®n-bpsS IY-Ifnse FÃm ]nim-Np-¡-fp-sSbpw ssZh-§-fp-sSbpw ImX-embn hÀ¯n-¨Xv Cu Nq«p-I-ä-{]-tbm-K-am-Wv. tSmÀ¨vsse-än-sâbpw CeIv{SnIv sXcp-hp-hn-f-¡p-I-fp-sSbpw BK-a-\-t¯m-sS, Cu hnf-¡pIsfm-¶p-an-Ãm¯ Nne ae-ta-Sp-If - n am{X-amWv C¶v Cu `qX-§Ähkn-¡p-¶-sX¶v ImWmw. tSmÀs¨¶ sR¡p-hn-f-¡nsâ I|p]n-Sp¯w cm{Xnsb kaqew A«n-a-dn¨v `qX-t{]-X-]n-im-Np-¡-sfbpw b£-K-ÔÀÆ-In-¶-c-•m-tcbpw A{]-Xy-£-am-¡n-bn«v A[n-I-Im-eam-bnÃ. Cu ]mhw `oI-c-•m-Às¡Ãmw Pohn-¡m³ C¶v ae-ta-Sp-I-fÃmsX asäm-cnSw sSen-hn-j³ kocn-b-ep-I-fpw kn\n-a-I-fpw am{Xam-Wv. a\p-jyÀ cq]w-sIm-|Xv B{^n-¡b - n-em-Wv, AXm-bXv DjvWt - aJ-e-bnÂ. A¡m-c-W-¯m Idp-¯-h-cm-bn-«mWv \mw P\n-¨-Xv. DjvW-ta-J-e-bn Ign-ªn-cp¶ a\p-jyÀ, anX-io-tXmjvW taJ-ebn-te¡pw {[ph-{]-tZ-i-t¯¡pw IpSn-tb-dn-¸mÀ¡m³ XpS-§n-bn«v ap¸-Xn-\m-bncw hÀj-§Ä¡p apI-fn-em-bn. Cu Imem-hØmhyXnbm-\-¯n-tâbpw `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-sSbpw ^eam-bn-«mWv \Ã-h®w Idp-¯n-cp-¶-hÀ shfp-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n-b-Xv. 120

shfp-¸n-t\m-SpÅ hnt[-bXzw

121

a\pjycdnbm³

Hcn-¡Â \Ã-h®w shfp-¯-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv D¯c{[ph{]tZ-i¯p-IqsS hSt¡ Ata-cn-¡-bn {]th-in-¨-hÀ ]n¶oSv ]Xps¡, ]Xps¡ Idp-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n-b-Xv. shfp-¯-hÀ shbn-te-d-dm Nph-¡p¶ {]{In-b-bmWv "sdUv C³Uy-¡m-cmbn' Ata-cn-¡³ \nhm-kn-Isf hnfn¡m³ sImfw-_-kns\ t{]cn-¸n-¨-Xv. Idp-¯-h-cmbn XpS-§n-b-h-cp-sS-bn-S-bn ssewKn-Im-IÀj-W]-c-X IqSp-X A\p-`-h-s¸-«-Xv, Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bnse Idp-¸p-\n-dw Ipdªh-tcm-Sm-Wv. Cu ssewKn-Im-IÀj-W-amWv ]n¡m-e¯v shfp-¸n-t\m-SpÅ {`a-ambn amdn-bX - v. Imem-hØ - m-hy-Xn-bm-\¯ - m shfp¯ a\p-jyÀ Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p hÀj-§Ä¡ptijw Idp¯-h-cp-sS-bn-S-bn-te¡v IpSn-tb-dn-¸mÀ¡p-hm³ XpS-§n-b-t¸mÄ shfp-¸n-t\m-SpÅ kzm`m-hn-I-amb ssewKn-Im-IÀjWw Ah-tcmSpÅ kmaq-ln-Ih - n-t[-bX - z-¯n\p Imc-Wa - m-bn-¯oÀ¶p. CXv shfp¯-hÀ Idp-¯-hsc Iog-S¡n `cn-¨XpsIm|p am{X-ap-|m-b-X-Ã. shfp-¯-hÀ ]ucm-Wn-I-Im-e¯v tZh-K-W-¯n s]Sp-¶-hcpw Idp-¯-hÀ Akp-c-cm-£-k-Ip-e-§-fn s]Sp-¶-h-cp-am-bpÅ XcwXn-cn-hp-IÄ \ap¡p temI-sa-§p-apÅ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fn [mcmf-ambn ImWmw. ]|p-Im-e¯v A[x-ØnX-sc-¶p Icp-Xp-¶-hÀ Fgp-Xnb kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw shfp-¯-h-tcmSpw Iq«-¯n shfp-¯-h-tcmSpwXs¶-bmWv B`n-apJyw Im«n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. hmevaoIn-bpsS cmam-b-Whpw hymksâ alm-`m-c-Xhpw CXn\v DZm-lcW§fmWv. ap³]v kqNn-¸n¨ hn[-¯n I®v F¶ C{µn-b¯ - n-\p-|m-bn-cp¶ {]m[m-\yhpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-Ôn-¨pÅ ImgvN-bp-ambpw CXn\v _Ô-ap-s|¶pw \mw ImW-Ww. shfn-¨w, shfp¸v Ch ap³]-´nbnÂs¸-«-Xm-sW¶pw Idp¸pw Ccp«pw A[-a-am-sW-¶p-apÅ ]n ¡me Bi-bm-[n-]-Xy-¯n\pw ta¸-d-ªXv Imc-W-am-bn. Cu Bi-bm-[n-]-Xy-¯n\v henb Xm§m-bn-¯oÀ¶ asämcp Imc-W-hpap-|v. AXv a[y-[-c-Wym-gn-{]-tZ-i¯v Bcw-`n¨ Irjnbpw AXnt\m-S-\p-_-Ôn-¨p-|mb hnIm-k-§fpw Xmc-X-tay\ shfp-¯-h-cpsS-bn-Sb - nepw ]n¡m-e¯v \Ã-h®w shfp-¯h - c - p-sS-bn-Sb - n-ep-amWv kw`-hn-¨Xv. Cu hnImkw IqSp-X \ho-\-amb Bbp-[-§Ä I|p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡v hgn-h-¨-Xn-\m CXv shfp-¯-h-cpsS B[n-]Xyw IqSp-X Ac-¡n-«p-d¸ - n-¡p-¶X - n\pw Imc-Wa - m-bn-¯oÀ¶p. ]t£, shfp-¯h - c - nÂ\n¶v cmjv{So-ba - mbn tamN\w t\Snbmepw shfp-¸n-t\m-SpÅ CjvShpw hnt[-b-Xzhpw bYmÀ°-¯n Hgnªp-t]m-In-Ã. ImcWw AXv ssewKn-Im-IÀj-W-¯n\v ASn-Øm\-am-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¶-Xm-Wv. A¡m-c-W-¯m-emWv Idp-¯-h-cn `qcn-]-£hpw shfp-¡m-\pÅ te]-\-§-fpsS ]pdtI HmSp-¶-Xv. 122

shfp-¸n-t\m-SpÅ hnt[-bXzw

Idp-¸nsâ iàn, AgIv F¶n-hb - n A`n-am-\w-sIm|v X§-fpsS kzXz-t_m[w \ne-\nÀ¯-W-sa¶pÅXv F{X-]-d-ªmepw ^en-¡p¶n-söv FÃm Idp-¯-hÀ¤-cm-jv{Sob {]hÀ¯-Icpw A\p-`-hn¡p¶p. Cu \nÊ-lmbXbv¡v ImcWw shfn-¸n-t\m-SpÅ ssewKnI BIÀjWw AXn\v hncp²-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. F¶m shfp-¯h - À am{Xw hkn-¡p¶ Hcp {]tZ-i¯v Idp-¯h - À sN¶m B Idp¸v ssewKn-Im-IÀj-Wa - mbn amdp-¶Xv ImWmw. \ne-hnepÅXnÂ\n¶v hyXy-kvX-am-Ip¶ H¶n-t\mSv CjvSwtXm¶pI hfsc kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. bqtdm-¸nse P\X shbnepsIm|v "k¬Sm³' D|m¡n Idp-¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶-Xnsâ ImcWw, AsÃ-¦n shfp¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ Idp-¯-hÀ¤-¡mÀs¡m-cn-¡epw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã.

123

I|p-]n-Sn-¯-§Ä Ncn{X apt¶-ä-¯n\p ImcWw

Hcp c|m- b ncw hÀjs¯ Ncn- { X- s a- ¦ nepw Ad- _ ncm-Py-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v \ap-¡-dn-bmw. acp-¸-¨-I-fnÂ\n¶v acp¸-¨-I-fn-te¡v H«-I-§-fpsS ]pd¯v ]e km[-\-§fpw Ibän bm{XsN¿p¶ hWn-¡p-Ifpw AhÀ hgn-bn I| AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ ImgvN-Ifpw hc-|p-W-§nb aW-em-c-Wy-§-fpsS IY-I-fpw CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡p {]Xy-£s¸-Sp¶ sImÅ-¡m-cpw Cu´¸-\-Ifpw aW-em-c-Wy-§Ä ¡n-S-bnse acp-¸-¨-bn \nÀ½n-¡-s¸« cay-lÀ½y-§fpw kp¯m-•mcpw tj¡p-If - p-saÃmw F{X-sb{X kn³_mZv IY-I-fp-sSbpw Bbn-c-s¯m¶v cm{Xn IY-I-fp-sSbpw ]Ým-¯-e-am-Wv. Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Ncn-{X-Im-e-amb tbip{In- k v X p- h nsâ ImewsXm«v Adp- ] XphÀjw- a p³]v hnÂ{^Uv Xnkn-KÀ- "Atd-_n-b³ km³kv' F¶ ]pkvXI sagp-Xp-¶Xphsc Cu Nn{X-¯n\v bmsXmcp amähpw D|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. "Ime-{]-hml'¯n Pohn-X§ - Ä A§s\ amdmsX XpS-cp¶ IY-bm-Wn-Xv. ]t£, KÄ^n-te¡v \ap-¡n-s¶m¶v F¯n-t\m-¡mw. ta¸-dª Nn{X-¯nsâ Fs´-¦nepw Nne Awi§Ä ImW-W-sa-¦n C¶v B cmPy-¯nsâ DÄ{]-tZ-i§-fn-epÅ sacp-¡-s¸-SmsX InS-¡p¶ Nne tKm{X-hÀ¤ta-J-e-Ifnte¡p sNÃ-Ww. IpSn-¡p-hm³ InWÀ Ip¯p -t¼mÄ, "sImÅm¯ shÅw' Is|-¯p¶ Nne InW-dpI-fmbn XÅn-¡-f-ªn-cp-¶-h-bm-Wv, C¶v KÄ^ns\ aäpÅ-h-cp-sS-sbÃmw A¶w Is|-¯p-¶, {]tXy-In¨pw aebm-fn-I-fp-sS, CS-am¡n amän-b-Xv. kucm-jv{Scpw tbip -{In-kvXphpw apl-½-Zp-\-_nbpw _l-hp-Åbpw FÃmw Fs´Ãmw ]d-bp-Ibpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn«pw Cu Nn{X-¯n Fs´-¦nepw amäw h¶-Xmbn \mw I|n«n-Ã. Ah-cpsS hm¡p-IÄt¡m {]hr¯n-IÄt¡m a\pjy-Po-hn-X-§sf amän-adn¡mt\m Fs´-¦nepw {]tbm-P\-ap-|m-¡mt\m IgnªXmbn \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign -bp-¶n-Ã. ]t£, ImÄs_³kv 1885þ PÀ½-\n-bn 124

I|p-]n-Sn-¯-§Ä Ncn{X apt¶-ä-¯n\p ImcWw

s]t{SmÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v Imtdm-Sn-¡m-sa¶v I|p-]nSn-¨-Xnsâ Aesbm-en-IÄ C§-I-se, Hscgp]-Xp-hÀjw FSp-s¯-¦nepw F¯nt¨À¶-v IpSn-¡m³ sImÅm¯ shÅw "_pÀPv Jmen^'bm¡n amän.

JpÀB\nse ]dp-Zo-k-IÄ ImWm³ C\n acn¨v kzÀ¤-¯pt]m-tI| Bh-iy-an-Ã. ssZh-¯nsâ hn[nbpw t]dn acp-`q-an-I-fneqsS H«-I-¸p-d¯v Ae-tb| Bh-iy-hp-an-Ã. ]t£, KÄ^nsâ hnIk-\¯n\v bYmÀ° XS-Ê-ambn \nev¡p-¶Xv JpÀB-\nse icnA-¯pIÄ BsW¶pw AXp-t]mse, s]s«-¶p-|mb hnIk\¯n-\\p-kr-X-ambn, amdm¯ tKm{X-hÀ¤-km-aq-ly-\n-b-a-§fm sW¶pw \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. ChnsS sIm«n-tLm-jn-¡-s¸« kmaq-ly-ap-t¶-ä-¯n\v ImcWw ta¸-dª Bßob BNm-cy-•mcpsS GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ {]hÀ¯-\§ - fsöpw t]cp ]-db - pt¼mÄ am{X-ad - n-bp¶ PÀ½-\n-bnse ImÄs_³kv am{X-am-sW¶pw Adn-bp-I. kmaq-ly-am-ä-¯n\v bYmÀ° ImcWw Fhn-sStbm \S-¡p¶ I|p-]n-Sp-¯-§-fm-Wv. Cu I|p-]n-Sp-¯-§-fpsS hne AXp-|mIp-t¼mÄ \mw Xncn-¨-dn-bm-dn-Ã. Pohn-X-¯nsâ ka-{K-ta-J-e-bnepw IS-¶p-h¶v kaq-e-am-ä-¯n\v Ah Imc-W-am-Ipw. Cu amä-§Ä D|m-Ip-t¼mÄ Ak-´p-en-X-am-bn-¯o-cp¶ kmaq-ly-km-¼-¯nI LS-\-bm Akzm-c-ky-§fpw Akz-Ø-X-Ifpw s]m«n-ap-f-bv¡pw.

Ah Bfn-¡-¯n-¡m\pw XÃn-s¡-Sp-¯m\pw {ian¡p¶ kmaq-lyi-àn-I-sfbmWv \mw amä-¯n\p "Imc-W-¡mÀ' F¶v km[m-c-Wbmbn Is|-¯m-dp-Å-Xv. bYmÀ°-¯n Cu I|p-]n-Sp-¯-§fmWv Cu "kmaq-ly-\nÀ½m-Xm-¡-sf'bpw \nÀ½n-¨-Xv. temI-N-cn-{X-¯n-te¡v H¶p t\m¡n-bm Hmtcm kaq-l-¯ntâbpw apt¶-ä-§Ä¡v bYmÀ°ImcWw GsX-¦nepw Hcp I|p]n-Sp-¯-am-sW¶v \ap¡p ImWm-\m-Ipw. Bbp-[-§-fn-ÃmsX ]c -k] v cw s]mcp-Xn-bn-cp¶ tKm{X-hÀ¤-§Ä¡n-S-bn Hcp hSn-sb-Sp¯-Sn-¡m³ X¿m-dmb HcmÄ \bn¨ tKm{Xw atä-tKm{X¡msc tXm¸n-¡pw. C§s\ Hmtcmtcm I|p-]n-Sp-¯§ - Ä Bcv FhnsS \S-¯n-bmepw BZyw Is|-¯n-b-hÀ¡v A`qX-]qÀÆ-amb hfÀ¨bp-|mIpw. Cu hfÀ¨ aäpÅ kaq-l-§Ä¡p apI-fn-epÅ B[n]-Xy-ambn amdm³ A[n-I-Imew th|. Cu I|p-]n-Sn-¯-§-fpsS ssIam-ähpw XpSÀ¨-bp-amWv a\p-jy-k-aq-l-¯nsâ BsI-bpÅ hfÀ¨bv¡p Imc-W-hpw.

C´y-bn tLmjn-¡s - ¸-Sp¶ {iocm-asâ IY-sb-Sp-¯m AbmfpsS A¼pw hnÃp-amWv cm£-k-¡q-«-§-fpsS apI-fn-epÅ hnP-bam¡n amäp-¶-Xv. Hcp hSn FSp¯v hf¨v c|-{Khpw Hcp IbÀ sIm|v sI«n F¿m³ kuI-cy-apÅ hnÃp-I-fp-ambn \S-¶n-cp¶ 125

a\pjycdnbm³

Bfp-If - p-sS-bn-Sb - n-te¡v \Sp-`mKw DÅn-te¡p XÅn \nhÀ¶v c|v `mK-am-bn-¯n-cn-bp¶ B[p-\nI hnÃp-ambn F¯p-¶-XmWv {iocmasâ "s]mSnss¡'. Cu hnÃv GI-tZiw ap¸-XSn AI-te¡v ic -§-sf-¿m³ Ign-hp-Å-Xm-Wv. A¡m-c-W-¯m i{Xp-¡Ä¡v ASp¡mt\ \nhr-¯n-bp-|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. temI-am-k-I-e-apÅ ]pcm-W -§-fnse tbm²m-¡Ä X]Êv sNbvXpw tZh-•msc {]oXn-s¸-Sp¯nbpw t\Sm-dp-Å-sXÃmw AXym-[p-\n-I-amb Bbp-[-§-fm-bn-cp¶-sX¶ Imcyw \mw ad-¡-cp-Xv. hcp-Wm-kv{X-am-bmepw {_Òm-kv{Xam-bmepw KmWvUo-ha - m-bmepw tImZ-WU v a - m-bmepw FÃmw tZh-•mÀ \ÂInbXm-sW-¦nepw Bbp-[-§ÄXs¶-bm-Wv. C§s\ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Cu AXym-[p-\nI Bbp-[-§-sf-¸än asämcp Imcyw \mw ChnsS ]cm-aÀin¡p¶Xv \¶m-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶v tXm¶p-¶p. X]-Êp-sN-bX v - Cu hoc-•m-scÃmw BÀÖn-¨Xv Akv{X§tfm hnÃp-Itfm Bbn-cp¶psh¶pw ssZh-§Äs¡m-¶pw-Xs¶ B[p-\n-Ia - mb tXm¡p-Itfm ssIt_mw-_p-Itfm anssk-ep-Itfm \ÂIm³ Ign-ªn-cp-¶n-Ãm-sb-¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. a\p-jyÀ I|p-]n-Sn¨ Akv{X-§fpw hnÃp-Ifpw IqSp-X "Ign-hp-ä'-Xm-¡m³ am{Xta tZh-•mÀ¡v Ign-ªn-cp-¶p-Åq. AXm-bXv Cu AÛp-Xmbp-[§ - s - f-¡p-dn-s¨-gp-Xnb hnZzm-•m-cpsS Adnhn-\p-Ån-sem-Xp§pw ssZh-§-fpsS Ign-hp-IÄ. F{X "alma{´-§Ä' IqsS P]n-¨mepw FbvXphnSp-¶-sXÃmw Akv{X-§Ä X-s¶-bm-sW-¶- h-kvXpX \s½ Xpdn-¨p-t\m-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. ]|p-Im-e¯v C´y-bn hnam-\§ - f - p-|m-bn-cp¶p F¶pw cma\pw koX-bp-saÃmw AXn-tedn ]d-¶n-cp-¶p-sh¶pw ]pcm-W] - pw-Kh - • - mÀ ]d-ªp-]-c-¯m-dp-|v. A¶v ]d¶ hnam-\-§-sfÃmw Xmg-¯p-IqSn Dcp-|n-cp¶ cY-§-fpsS X\n-¸-IÀ¸p-I-fm-bXv bmZrÑn-I-a-Ã. C{µ\m-bmepw kqcy-\m-bmepw cY-¯nÂX-s¶-bmWv, AXpw Nnd-Ip-IfpÅ IpXn-cI - sf s - I-«n, ]d-¶ncp-¶Xv. F{X Iev]\ - m-Ip-ie - ¯ - a - p-|m -bmepw a\p-jyÀ¡v X§-fpsS Npänepw ImWp-¶-h-bpsS apI-fn am{Xsa k¦-e] v -Nn-d-Ip-IÄ ]d-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq. AXn\m \mw krjvSn¨ ssZh-§-sf-t¸m-se-Xs¶ AhÀ X¶ Bbp-[§fpw \½psS k¦-e] v k - rãnIÄ X-s¶-bm-sW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡W - w.

Hscmä ]pcm-hkvXpJ\-\-¯nepw Cu hnam-\-§-fp-sStbm Bbp[-§-fp-sStbm Hcp s]mSn-t]mepw CXp-hsc Is|-¯n-bn-«n-Ãmsb¶ hkvXpX Cu k¦ev] hnam-\-§-fpsS ]d-¡-ep-IÄsIms|m¶pw ]cn-lc - n-¡p-Ib - pan-Ã. ]d-¶n-«ps|¶v BW-bn-«v A¯tem, em Injt\m, \tc-{µt\m ]d-ªmepw Ah-sbm¶pw \ne-¯p\n¶p Aev]w-t]mepw s]m´nÃ.

C\n Bbp-[-§-tfm-sSm¸w bp²-^-es¯ \nÀ®-bn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv bp²-¯n-\mbn \mw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ Pohn-I-fpsS hyXym-k-§126

I|p-]n-Sn-¯-§Ä Ncn{X apt¶-ä-¯n\p ImcWw

fmWvv. AXm-Is« GXp {]tZ-i-¯mWv \mw Pnhn-¡p-¶-Xv F¶-Xn\-\p-kc - n-¨m-bn-cp¶p Cu Pohn-It - fbpw e`y-am-bn-cp-¶X - v. B\-Isf e`n-¨n-cp¶ \½psS \m«n B\-¸p-d-¯n-cp¶p bp²w sNbvX cmPm-¡-•m-sc-¸än hÀ®n¨p tIÄ¡mw. ]t£, IpXn-c-¸p-d¯p Ibdn h¶ {Ko¡p]S-bpsS ap¶n Cu B\-¡m-scÃmw tXmäpt]m-bn. IpXn-cb - psS thK-¯n\p ap¶n AXp-hs - c-bp-|m-bn-cp¶ FÃm D¶-§fpw iucy§fpw sXän-t¸m-bn. Hcm-bncwt]À hcp¶ Imemĸ-Ssb tXm¸n-¡p-hm³ Hcp \qdp IpXn-c¸ - S- b - m-fn-IÄ¡p Ign-bpw. X§Ä¡v A]-I-S-§Ä ]ämsX s]s«¶v B{I-an¨v s]s«¶v ]n•mdn i{Xp-hn\v h³\miw hcp-¯m-\pÅ IpXnc\o¡§Ä am{Xw \S-¯n-bm aXn. H¸w Ccp-¼n¯oÀ¯ ]S-¨«- I - fpw Xe-¸m-hp-Ifpw Ccp-¼v Dcp-¡m¡n D|m-¡nb aqÀ¨-tb-dnb hmfpIfpw A¼p-Ifpw AI-te¡v Xo¸-´-§-sf-dn-bm³ Ign-hpÅ IhnWI-fp-saÃmw bp²-§-fpsS hnP-b-ap-d-¸m-¡n.

BcmWv ]pXnb Bbp[w I|p-]n-Sn-¡p-Ibpw AXv IqSp-X IqSp-X AI-e-§-fn-te¡v {]tbm-K-£-a-X-tbmsS Ab-bv¡p Ibpw sN-¿p-¶Xv AhÀ bp²-§-fn hnP-bn-¡pw. HcpIme¯,v F®-§-fmWv Hcp cmPy-¯nsâ _ew \nÀ®-bn-¨n-cp-¶-sX-¦n ]n¡m-e¯v X§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶ Bbp-[§ - f - psS Ign-hmWv t]mcm-«-hn-P-b-§Ä Dd-¸m-¡n-b-Xv. Igp-X-IÄ hen-¨n-cp¶ sIm¨p tXcp-If - nÂ\n¶v IpXn-cI - Ä hen-¡p¶ tXcp-If - n-te¡pw ]n¡me¯v s]t{Sm-fp-]-tbm-Kn-t¨m-Sn-¡p¶ hml-\-§-fn-te¡pw Ah hf-cp-¶p-|v. tXm¡v I|p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-tXmsS AXp-hsc D|m-bncp¶ FÃm Bbp-[-§fpw A`ym-k-§fpw tXmäp -Xp¶w]mSn. ]Xn-\©pw Ccp-]Xpw hÀjw ITn-\-amb ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eq-sSbpw X]-ky-bn-eq-sSbpw "sa¿v I®m¡n' ]d-¶p-h¶ \½psS If-cn-Kpcp-¡• - m-scbpw P¸m-\nse kmap-dmbn tbm²-¡s - fbpw sIm¡ns\ shSn-sh-¨n-Sp¶ emL-h-t¯msS bqtdm-¸nÂ\n-s¶-¯nb I¨hS¡mÀ shSn-sh-¨n«p. Nq|p hnc-e\ - ¡ - m-\pÅ Ignhv am{X-ap-Åh - • - mÀ Cu alm-tbm-²m-¡sf sh¶Xv ]pÃpt]mse.

Hcp I¸-en sN¶n-d-§nb \qdn\pw Ccp-¶q-dn\pw CS-bn-epÅ Bfp-IÄ¡v e£-¡-W-¡n-\v Bfp-IÄ Xma-kn-¡p¶ `qJ-WvU§Ä Iog-S-¡m-\pÅ Icp-¯p-|m-bn. Hä-¯-Sn-Ifnepw N§m-S§fnepw\n¶m-cw-`n¨v sIm¨p h©n-If - n-eqsS hfÀ¶v KXn-th-Ka - pÅ h³tXm-Wn-I-fn-te¡pw I¸-ep-I-fn-te-¡p-apÅ hfÀ¨ Fhn-sS-sbÃm-amtWm kw`-hn-¨-Xv, Ahn-sS-bp-Å-hÀ aäp-Å-hsc `cn-¡p-¶-hcmbn amdn. kmt¦-Xn-Ih - n-Zy-If - psS hnImkw a\p-jy-ka - q-l§ - f - psS taÂt¡m-bvabv¡v Imc-W-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p. AÃmsX GsX-¦nepw Hcp P\-X-bpsS kl-P-hy-Xym-ktam P•-\m-bpÅ {]tXy-I-Xtbm 127

a\pjycdnbm³

B´cn-Ia - mb IgnthmsIm|à GsX-¦n-ep-samcp kaqlw asämcp kaq-l-¯n\p apI-fn B[n-]Xyw D|m-¡n-b-Xv. Cu kmt¦-Xn-Ihn-Zy-bpsS hnIm-k-am-Is« ]c-k] v -c-k-¼À¡-¯m sImSp-¡Â hm§-ep-I-fn-eqsS k©-b-ambn hfÀ¶ Adnhv Imc-Whpw. AXv a\p-jy-k-aq-l-¯nsâ s]mXp-kz-¯mWv, GsX-¦nepw Hcp kaq-l¯nsâ kw`m-h\ am{X-a-Ã. F¶n-cp-¶mepw GXp \nd-¯n-ep-Å-hcm-bmepw _e-ap-Å-htcm CÃm-¯-htcm Bbm-epw s]m¡w IqSnb-htcm Ipd-ª-htcm Bbm-epw BWm-bmepw s]®m-bmepw IqSp-X Ign-hpÅ tXm¡p]nSn-¨h - À Xs¶-bmWv hnP-bn-¡p-¶X - v.

128

tbip-hnsâ AbÂkvt\lw \S-¸pÅ Imcytam?

\ns¶-t¸mse \nsâ Ab¡m-c-t\bpw kvt\ln-¡pI. C{X-b[ - nIw {]kn-²n-bp-ÅXpw "icn'bmsW¶v bmsXmcp kwi- b - h p- a n- à m¯, ""AXp ]ns¶ A§n- s \- b teym th|Xv'' F¶v \½Ä A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ Cu B]vXhN-\¯nsâ DÅn-te¡v \ap-s¡m¶v Cd-§n-s¨-Ãmw. Cu hN\-¯nsâ DS-ab - mb {ioam³ tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ Ab ¡m-À BcmWv? Hcm-fp-sS-sb-¦nepw t]cv ss__nÄ apgph³ X¸n-bm In«ptam? _p²sâ Ab¡m-À Bcmbn- cp¶p? cmPm-hmb AÑ\v Ab¡m-cp-|v. ]t£, _p²sâ Ab¡m-À B-cmWv? ""Ab-ep-Xg - ¸-Xn\v AXn{]-bXv\w \b-a-dnbpw \c-\m-N-cn-¨ntSWw'' F¶p ]dª \½psS Cu sIm¨p-tI-c-f-¯nse \mcm-b-W-sâ Ab ¡m-cm-cmWv? ""CsX-s´mcp tNmZyw, Ah-cp-sS-sbÃmw Npäp-ap-Å-h-cm-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS Ab¡mÀ. CsX-ÃmhÀ¡p-a-dn-bn-tÃ?'' icn-bm-Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv Cu B]vXhN-\-¯nsâ bYmÀ° tI{µw InS-¡p-¶-Xv. \½-sf-Ãm-hÀ¡pw Hcp hoSp-|mImw, AXn-\p-Np-än\pw Hcp then-bp-|mIpw. NneÀ¡v Irjn- ` qan D|m- I mw, ]e hkv X p- h - I - I Ä D|mImw. C§-s\, IrXy-amb AXn-cp-Ifpw t]mÌ A{U-ÊpapÅ Ab¡mcpw D|m-Ipw. \mw \«p-]n-Sn-¸n¨ sX§n³ssX ]ip-hns\ Agn¨phn«v Xoän-¡p¶ Ab ¡mÀ, tN\ \«-sXÃmw NnIªp ]pd-s¯-Sp-¡p¶ tImgnsb hnSp¶ Ab¡mÀ, AXn-cnse then-¡Ãv Øncw amän {]Xn-jvTn-¡p¶ Ab¡mÀ, \«v Xg-¨p-h-f-cp¶ sh|sbÃmw "Icn-¦-®nsâ Hä-t\m-«-¯mÂ' ]pgp-I-b-äp¶ Ab¡mÀ, Hcp \m¼p-t]mepw ]pd-¯p-h-cm-\-\p-h-Zn -¡m¯ BSns\ hfÀ¯p¶ Ab¡mÀ XpS§n HmÀ ¯m sR«epf-hm-¡p¶ Cu Ab¡msc thWw \ap¡v kvt\ln-¡m³. _p²t\m tbip-hnt\m \mcm-b-Wt\m H¶pw Cu "]c-t{Zmln'Ifmb Ab¡mÀ DÅ-Xmbn ImWp-¶n-Ã.

129

a\pjycdnbm³

Ah- c psS Ip«n- ¡ m- e ¯v ho«n Ign- ª - t ¸mÄ AhÀ¡v Ab¡m-cp-|m-bn-cp-¶p. kn²mÀ°\v Ab¡m-cp-|v, ]t£, _p²-\nÃ; tbiphn\v Ab¡m-cp|v, ]t£, {InkvXp-hn-\nÃ; \mWq\v Ab¡m-cp|v ]t£, \m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn\nÃ. Ch-sc Ãmam-Is« ]d-bp-¶-Xp-t]mse Pohn-¡p-¶-h-cp-am-Wv. FÃm-h-tcbpw kvt\ln-¡pw. Hcp {Kma-¯n-te¡v _p²³ IS-¶p-h-cp-¶p. Ab ¡msc kvt\ln-¡m³ ]d-bp-¶p. am{X-aà At±lw FÃm-h-tcbpw kvt\ln-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. \½psS Ab¡m-c\ - mb cmPphns\ kvt\ln-¡m³ ]e-Xh - W {ian-¨n-«p-s|-¦nepw At§À AXv H«pw k½-Xn-¡m-dn-Ã. \½psS {ia-¯n-\mIs« Hcp Ipdhpw ImWp-¶n-Ã. ""\½psS ]ip-hnsâ IbÀ Agnªp t]mbn F¶-sXmcp hmkvX-h-am-Wv. Abm-fpsS hmg-sbÃmw AXv Xn¶p F¶Xpw hmkvXh - a - m-Wv. ]t£, AsXmcp ssIb-_-²-a-tÃ? AXp ]d-ªm Ign-ª-hÀjw Abm-fpsS AXn-cn-ep-|m-bn-cp¶ acw sh«n-b-t¸mÄ, \½psS ]ip-s¯m-gp ¯nsâ apI-fn-età hoW-Xv. Ib-dn-«p-sI«n ]nSn-¨p-\nÀ¯Ww Fs¶Ãmw \½Ä ]e-hpcp ]d-ª-Xm-Wv, tI«n-Ã. AXn-t\-¡mÄ hep-XmtWm \mep hmg, F§s\ {ian-¡pw .........tamt\ kvt\ln¡m³. Rm\mb-Xp-sIm|m ]ns¶bpw ]ns¶bpw {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. aäp-hà - h - c - p-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦n Imepsh«n-tb-s\. F¶mepw Cu _p² s - \ms¡ F§-s\bm CXv sN¿p-¶X - .v Ah-scÃmw alm-•mÀ, \½Ä ]mh-§Ä¡v CsXm¶pw ]d-ªn-«n-Ã. shdpsX I¨-sI-«n-bn-s«m¶pw Imcy- a n- à , A§- s \- s bms¡ P\n- ¡ - W w, CsXms¡ \½psS hn[n-bm..'' alm-•mÀ¡pam{Xw km[n-¡p-¶Xpw km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v A{]m -]y-hp-amb Cu AbÂkvt\lw F§s\ km[y-am-Ipw? F§-s\bmWv Cu kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw Icp-Wb - p-sSbpw AXn-cp-If - n-Ãm¯ {]hm-l-¯n\v t{kmX-ÊpIfm-Im³ _p²\pw tbip-hn\pw \mcmb-W\ - p-saÃmw Ign-bp-¶Xv? Chn-sS-bmWv \½psS BZys¯ tNmZy¯nsâ ImX InS-¡p-¶-Xv. BcmWv Ch-cpsS Ab¡mÀ?

F´p Irjn-bm-Wv, hym]m-c-am-Wv, hyh-km-b-amWv Ch-scÃmw sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xv. kz´w A¶w Is|-¯m³ ChÀ sNbvXn-cp¶ {]hr¯n F´mWv? AX-sÃ-¦n BcpsS sNe-hn-emWv ChÀ Ignªn-cp-¶Xv? AXn-cp-I-fn-ÃmsX ]mbp-¶, A\y-cpsS ta sNmcnbp¶ kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw Icp-W-bp-sSbpw kmKcw Ccn-¡p-¶ Xnsâ clkyw Chn-sS-bmWv. Hcn-¡epw Hc-b¡m-c\ - n-Ãm-Xn-cn-¡pI F¶ kq{X-hn-Zy-bm-WX - .v A¶w hnf-bn-¡p¶, I¨-hSw sN¿p¶, BÀ¡pw Akm-[y-am-¡p-¶, hf-sc-¡p-d¨pt]À¡pam{Xw km[y-hp-am-Ip¶ Cu clkyXmt¡m 130

tbip-hnsâ AbÂkvt\lw \S-¸pÅ Imcytam?

sIm|p\S-¡p-¶Xphgn-bmWv ta¸-dª al-¯p-¡Ä A\-´kvt\-l¯ - n-sâbpw Icp-Wb - p-sSbpw Ip¯-Im-hI - m-in-If - m-Ip-¶X - .v Ch-cpsS kvt\l-¯n\p hcp¶ sNehv BcmWv hln-¡p-¶-sX¶v \ap¡p t\m¡mw. ""Rm\-t±-ls¯ ImWm³ sN¶-t¸mÄ sXm«-Sp -¯n-cp¶ Hcp Ipe¸gw A§-s\-Xs¶ F\n-¡n-s§-Sp¯pX¶p'', "aI\p ]Tn-¡p-hm³ UÂln¡p t]mWw, Ah-\-hnsS AUvan-j³ In«n-bn-«p-|,v ]t£ ^okn\pw h|n-¡q-en-¡p-sam¶pw Hcp hgnbpw ImWp-¶n-à kzmao', F¶p Rm³ ]d-ª-t¸mÄ ASp-¯n-cp¶ Hcp Ingn FSp-¯n§pX¶p, Xpd¶p t\m¡n-bt - ¸mÄ, Bbn-cs - ¯m¶p cq]m.'' C§s\ ]ghpw Ingnbpw [mc-[m-c-bmbn FSp-s¯-Sp¯v sImSp-¡m³ Cu alm-•m-cpsS kz´w ho«nÂ\n¶p sIm|p-h-¶XmtWm F¶v t\m¡p-t¼m-gmWv CXnsâ clkyw a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶X - .v sXm«pap³]v Chsc ImWm³ h¶-t¸mÄ, cmPm-hn\p ap³]n ImgvN hbv¡p-¶X - p-t]mse, aäp-Åh - À ImgvNh¨-XmWv Ch-sbÃmw F¶p \ap¡p a\-Ên-em-Ipw. AXm-bX - ,v At±-l¯ - nsâ Zm\-[À½mZn-IÄ¡v sNehv hln-¡p-¶Xv \½-sf-t¸m-epÅ aäv a\p-jy-cm-sW¶p ImWmw. Cu c|v {]{In-b-IÄ, AXm-b-Xv, Ab¡m-cn-Ãm-Xn-cn-¡pI F¶Xpw aäp-Å-h-cpsS A²zm\-an-¨-¯n Ign-bpI F¶-Xp-amWv FÃm al¯z-¯ntâbpw {]I-SnXcq]-¯n\v Imc-Ww. CXp a\-Ênem-¡msX AXn-cp-I-fpÅ "kz´w Øe'¯p\n¶v "kz´w A²zm\-'¯n-ep-|m-¡n-bh "kz´w Ab¡mÀ'¡v sImSp-¡-m³ HcmÄ X¿m-dm-sb-¶n-cn-¡s - «, At¸mÄ F´v kw`-hn-¡p¶p F¶p t\m¡mw. hnfªv ]gp-¡m-dmb am§ kpe-`-ambn amhn-ep-|mb ØnXn¡v AXpXs¶ sImSp-¡p-hm³ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. sXm«-Sp¯ Ab¡mc\v Hcp Ip« am§ \ÂIn. Npäp-h-«-¯p-apÅ aäp-Å-hÀ¡v aIsâ ssIhiw sImSp-¯-b-¨p. tI«-dnª c|pt]À h¶p, AhÀ¡pw sImSp-¯p. Aev]-t\cw Ign-ª-t¸mÄ A©pt]ÀIqSn h¶p.

AhÀ¡pw sImSp-¯t- ¸mÄ am§ t¢mkv. ]t£, ASp¯ \mept] tcmSv ssI aeÀ¯mt\ Ign-ªp-Åq. Aev]w \oc-kt- ¯msS AhÀ ]ncnªpt]mbn. am§ At\z-jn¨v ]ns¶bpw ]ns¶bpw ]e XhW Bfp-IÄ h¶n-cp-¶p. Nne ]cn-`-h-§fpw \oc-k-§-fpw {]I-Sn-¸n-¨tijw Ah-scÃmw ]ncn-ªp.

At¸m-gmWv \mw \«p-h-fÀ¯n-bn-cp¶ sh| aq¯-Xv, AXn\m am§ In«m-¯h - À¡pw ]n¶oSv h¶-hÀ¡pw sh|-sb-¯n¨p sImSp-¯p. ]t£ At¸m-tg¡pw sh|bv¡m XoÀ¶p. ]bdp hnfªp hcp-¶p-|v, AXn I®pwh¨v c|v Znhkw Im¡q F¶v sh|- b v ¡ m- b - t \z- j n¨p h¶- h - t cmSv ]d- ª p. ]ns¶ ]bdpw t¢mÊm-bn. C§s\ D|mbn hcp-¶-Xn-\-\p-k-cn¨v sImSp-¯pw 131

a\pjycdnbm³

am§ sImSp-¡m-¯-hÀ¡v tX§m sImSp¯pw Hcp hn[w Xr]v Xn-s¸-Sp¯n Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp¯n \mw IjvSn¨v Pohn¨v Hcp c|p-hÀjw XÅn \o¡n. At¸mÄ, \m«p-ImÀs¡Ãmw Hcp Imcyw a\-Ên-em-bn; C{Xbpw ]£-]m-X-t¯msS s]cp-am-dp¶ asäm-cm-sf AhÀ I|nt«-bnà F¶v. ""\à am§-sbÃmw Ah-•mÀs¡Ãmw sImSp-¯p, R§fp h¶-t¸mÄ sImÅm¯ sh-|bv¡-sbÃmw X¶p, ]bsdÃmw Bcpw ImWmsX "kz´-'¡mÀ¡p sImSp-¯p, AsÃ-¦nepw "Ah-tcm'-SmWv \n§Ä¡v ]t| kvt\l-¡q-Sp-XÂ.'' kz´-am-bp-|m-¡n, kz´w Ab¡mÀ¡v kzbw Pohn-¡m³ ad¶v Cu alXv hN\w tI«v Pohn¨ Hcm-sf-¸ä - n-bpÅ "IoÀ¯n'bmWv Cu hcn-I-fn-seÃmw \nd-ªp-\n-ev¡p-¶-Xv. FÃm-h-tcbpw "AXn-cnÃmsX', "AI-ag - nªv' kvt\ln-¡W - s - a-¦n AXn-cnÃmsXbpw A\y cpsS A²zm-\-¯nepw Pohn-¡-Ww. Hmtcm kzman-bp-sSbpw A¨sâbpw X§fpsSbpw kvt\l-k¼ - qÀ®-amb Pohn-X¯ - nsâ bYmÀ° t{kmX-Ên-Xm-Wv. AtX {]hr¯n AXn-cpIÄ¡p-Ån \n¶p kz´w A²zm\wsIm|p sNbvXm ZpjvIoÀ¯n ^ew. sImSp-¡p¶hsâ ssI hm§p-¶h - sâ ssIbpsS apI-fn-emWv \nev¡m-dp-Å-sX¶v \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. t{iWo_²-amb kaq-l¯ - n "taÂþIogv' F¶n-hbv¡v henb {]m[m-\y-am-Wp-ÅX - v. \ap¡v Gähpw {]nb-s¸-«Xpw {][m-\s - ¸«-sX¶p I-cp-Xp-¶Xpw \mw apIfn hbv¡pw. \ap¡v {]m[m-\y-ap-ÅsX¶p tXm¶p¶-Xnsâ {Ia-{]-Im-c-amWv \mw Hmtcm¶pw Xmtgm«p hbv¡p-¶-Xv. Cu taÂþ Iogv F¶ hkvXpX \½psS ico-c-L-S-\-bv¡-\p-k-cn¨v cq]-s¸-«Xm-W.v {]]-©¯ - n apItfm Xmsg-tbm CÃ. Hcp {Kl-sa-Sp-¯mÂ, AXm-bXv `qan-sb-Sp-¯m AXn-\pÅpw ]pd-hp-amWv thW-sa¦n Ds|¶p ]d-bm-hp-¶-Xv. `qan-bpsS ]pdw-tXm-Snsâ apI-fn \n¡p-t¼mÄ \½psS Imensâ `mKw Xmsg F¶pw Xe-bpsS hiw apI-sf¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶p. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m N{µ\pw kqcy\pw \£-{X-§fpw apI-fnemWv \nev¡p-¶-sX¶v \mw ]dbpw. ]t£, Hcp tdm¡-än Ibdn apI-fn-epÅ N{µ-\n-en-d§n AhnsS \n¶p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ A§-Ise `qan Xebv¡p "apI-fn-embn' \nev¡p-¶Xv ImWmw. CXv N{µt\m `qantbm apI-fn \nev¡p-¶Xv sIm|pÅ A\p-`h - a - à - , adn¨v GXp {Kl-¯nsâbpw ]pdw-tXm-Sn Nhn-«n-\n-ev¡p¶ \½psS Imensâ `mKs¯ Xmsg-sb¶pw XebpsS `mKs¯ apI-sf¶pw \mw k¦-e] v n-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. Cu "taep-Io-gn-'Ãm¯ hnim-e-amb {]]-©-¯nÂ\n¶v ho|pw `qan-bn-te¡v Xncn-¨p-h-cmw. icoc-¯n \mw Xebv¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶-Xp-h-gn-bmWv apIÄhiw IqSp-X aqey-h-¯mbn amdp¶-Xv. AXn-\m apI-fn-ep-Å-sXÃmw H¶mwØm\¯p ImWp-¶-Xn\pÅ bYmÀ° ImcWw CXm-W.v Imem-Is« Ft¸mgpw sNfn-bnepw 132

tbip-hnsâ AbÂkvt\lw \S-¸pÅ Imcytam?

Agp-¡n-epw-s]«v hr¯n-lo-\-am-Im-dp-ap-|-tÃm. km[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cps¶-¦n sNcp-¸qcn ]pd¯p hbv¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse Imeqcn \mw ]pd-¯p-h-t¨-s\. A§s\ Ign-bm-¯-Xp-sIm|p am{X-amWv \mw ImÂIgpIn AI-t¯¡p hcp-¶-Xv. kmaq-ly-L-S-\-bn \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ taÂIogv kmaqlyØm\§Ä¡v \ymbw Is|-¯m³ GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-w DS-se-Sp¯ Im-e¯v AXnsâ {]tbm-àm-¡Ä {ian-¨n-«p-|v. Hcp ssZh-¯nsâ krjvSn-If - mWv \msa-Ãm-hcpw F¶v cmPy- G-Io-Ic - W Ime-L«- ¯ - n AXnsâ D]-Úm-Xm-¡Ä ]d-bp-I-bp-|m-bn. At¸mÄ \s½ -sb-Ãm-h-tcbpw krjvSn¨ ssZhw X«p-X-«m-bn, hfsc ]£-]m-X]-c-amb Hcp krjvSn-¡-emWv \S-¯n-b-sX¶ hkvXp-X-bn \mw F¯n-t¨-cpw. Cu ]£-]m-X-¯nÂ\n¶v "\oXn-am-\mb' ssZhs¯ c£n-¡m³ A¶s¯ X¯z-Nn-´-I-•mÀ Is|-¯nb coXn Cu taÂþIogv aqey-t_m-[-¯n\v A\p-kr-X-am-bn-cp-¶p. apJ¯p\n¶v {_mÒ-W\ - pw `pP-¯nÂ\n¶v £{Xn-b\pw XpS-bnÂ\n¶v sshiy\pw ]mZ-§-fnÂ\n¶v iq{Z\pw P\n¨p F¶-hÀ Is|-¯n. A§s\ \oXn-am-\mb ssZhw ]£]mXn-bmb-Xp-sIm-|à adn¨v, ]mhw ssZh-¯n\v asämcp \nhr-¯nbpanÃm-¯X - p-sIm|mWv F¶hÀ¡v kaÀ°n¡m³ Ign-ªp. P•w hn[n-KX - a - m-sW¶ hnizmkw Imen \n¶v P\n-¨-hÀs¡Ãmw kzbw kam-[m-\n-¡m\pÅ D]m-[n-bmbn. kz´w AkvXnXzw kmaq-ln-I-L-S-\m-\nÀ½m-W-¯n D|m-b-XmsW¶p a\-Ên-em-¡msX Bbn-c¡ - W - ¡ - n\v hÀjw AXw-Ko-Ic - n¨p Pohn-¡m³ Cu hnizmkw Ahsc ]cp-h-s¸-Sp-¯n. Cu ]cp-h-s¸Sp-¯Â BWv C¶pw hn[n-b-[n-jvTn-X-amb Pohn-X-ho-£Ww t]dp -¶-Xnsâ Zpc-´-^-ew. sImSp-¡p-¶h - sâ ssI apI-fn-em-sW¶v \mw ap³]v kqNn-¸n-¨ph-tÃm. AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ apI-fn-tem-«pÅ Cu aqey-t_m[w \mw ap³]v ]dª Imc-W§ - ÄsIm-|p-|m-bX - m-Wv. HcmÄ¡v kvt\lap|v kvt\l-ap|v F¶v F{X XhW ]d-ªmepw B ]d-bp-¶-Xn\-\p-kr-X-amb {]hr-¯n-sImt| \ap-¡Xv A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-hp-I -bp-Åq. AXm-bXv Npcp-§n-b-]£w H¶p sI-«n-¸n-Snt¨m Hcp Nmb hm§n-s¡mSpt¯m AXv {]I-Sn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡-Ww. {]I-Sn-¸n-¡m¯ kvt\lw XoÀ¯pw D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-am-Wv. Cu Adn-hmWv kvt\l{]-IS - \§fpsS kmaq-ln-I- Hu-¶Xy¯n\v Imc-Wa - m-bn-¯o-cp-¶X - v. {]I-S\ - ] - c - X A[n-Ia - m-bm Nne- \n-anjw sNSn-¸p-fh - m¡p-sa-¦nepw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡m¯ kvt\l-s¯-¡mÄ F¶pw sa¨-am-Wv. am{X-hp-aà "sImSp-¡-en'se taÂss¡ B[n-]-Xy-ambn amdp-Ibpw sN¿pw. \mw ap³]p ]dª al-Xvhy-àn-Xzs¯ ImWp-hm³ t]mIpt¼mÄ Hcp Intem ap´n-cn-§, AsÃ-¦n Aªq-dnsâtbm Bbn133

a\pjycdnbm³

134

tbip-hnsâ AbÂkvt\lw \S-¸pÅ Imcytam?

c-¯n-sâtbm Hcp t\m«v AhÀ¡p \mw ImgvN-h-bv¡p-¶p-|m-Imw. cmPm-hn\pw ssZh-§Ä¡pw alm-•mÀ¡pw ImgvN-h-bv¡p-t¼mÄ AXnse sImSp-¡e - n \n-ln-Xa - m-bn-cn-¡p¶ "\•' "IoÀ¯n-'bmbn ]cn-W-an-¡p-¶n-Ã. ImcWw \½psS sImSp¸v hfsc sNdnb Hcp ]¦v am{Xta AhnsS \nÀÆ-ln-¡p¶p-Åq. am{X-a-Ã, B sImSp¸n\v XpSÀ¨-bp-an-Ã. almsâ kao]w ]e-XpÅn s]cp-shÅw F¶ coXnbn sImSp-¡-s¸-Sp¶h Ipan-ªp--Iq-Sp-¶p|mIpw. Ah-bn \n¶mWv "Rm³' sN¶-t¸mÄ Hcp Ipe-¸gw FSp¯p X¶-Xv, ^okpw h|n-¡q-enbpw \evIn-b-Xv. Cu alXv hyàn-bpsS sImSp¸n\v A\p-kyq-XXbpw D|m-bn-cn-¡pw. Hmtcm sImSp-¸nepw \nlnX-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ \•bpw B[n-]-Xyhpw hfÀ¶p-sIm-t|-bn-cn-¡pw.

A§s\ ]¯p-sImÃw ap³]v \mw I| alXvhyànsb ]¯p sImÃ-¯n-\p-tijw ho|pw ImWp-t¼mÄ \•bpw B[n-]-Xyhpw sIm|v aet]mse hfÀ¶n-cn-¡pw. Ah-cpsS ap¶n-te¡p \ap¡p sNÃ-W-sa-¦n ap«n-en-gªpw \nc-§nbpw sNtÃ|n hcpw. kzbap-|m-¡n, AXn-cp-If - psS ]cn-an-Xn-bn \n¶v \mw Npäp-ap-Åh - t- cmSv kvt\lw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-hgn Hcp c|p hÀj¯n-\p-Ån ]£]m-Xn-sb¶ ZpjvIoÀ¯n _m[n¨v hnj-an-¨n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ, alXv hyànXzw \•-bpsS `WvUm-Im-c-ambn, IoÀ¯n ]c¶,v ]ÀÆ-X-kam-\-ambn hfÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw. Cu IoÀ¯n-amsâ IoÀ¯nbpsS clkyw A\y-cpsS A\p-kyq-Xa - mb sIm¨p-sIm¨p Zm\-¯ne-[n-jvTn-Xa - m-sW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. FÃm AXn-cp-If - n-Ãm¯ kvt\ l-¯n-sâbpw Dd-hnSw A\y-cpsS A²zm-\-¯nsâ ImgvN-sh-¸p-IfpsS ^e-am-Wv.

135

"D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-c'mb {]mb-amb-hÀ

a\p-jy-k-aqlw t{iWo-_-²am-sW¶v ap¼v \mw I|ph-tÃm. Cu t{iWo-_-²X X«p-X-«p-I-fm-bn Xncn-ªm-Wncn¡p¶-Xv. Hmtcm X«nepw AXn-\p-Ån¯s¶ t{iWo_-²-X-I-fp-|m-Ipw. {]mbwsIm|v, ]ZhnsIm|v, Adnhp-sIm-|v, _ewsIm|v, enwKwsIm|v, hÀ®wsIm|v, FÃm-amWv Cu t{iWo-_-²X ]e-X-c-¯n cq]-s¸-«n-cn¡p-¶X - .v Hcp apdn-bn-te¡p {]th-in-¡p¶ BÄ AhnsS IqSn- b n- c n- ¡ p¶ aäv a\p- j y- c n- t e¡p t\m¡n ta ]-dª hnth-N\ - § - f - psS ASn-Øm-\¯ - n Xsâ Øm\w Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn- Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cn¡pw F¶v Hät\m-«¯nÂXs¶ GI-tZiw KWn-s¨-Sp-¡pw. ]t£, Nne-cpsS Imcy-¯n A{X Xn«w tXm¶m-dn-Ã. ]e ImcWwsIm|v AhÀ ka-ioÀj-cm-sW¶p tXm¶pw. IqSp-Xepw, ka-ioÀ j-sc¶p tXm¶nb C¡q-«s - c-bm-bn-cn¡pw ]cn-Nb - s - ¸-Sm³ \mw ap³ssI FSp-¡m-dv. CXv Ahsc ]cn-Nb - s - ¸-Sm-\pÅ hy{KX sIm|-Ã, kXy-¯nÂ, Ah-sc-¸än tNmZn¨v a\-Ênem-¡n, \½psS Øm\w AhÀ¡p apI-fntem Xmsgtbm F¶-dn-bm-\pÅ X{X-¸m-Sn-em-Wv. C§s\ Øm\-ap-d-¸n-¨pI-gn-ªm BsI kam-[m-\-am-Ipw. CSw Is|-¯n-bhsâ kam-[m-\w! CXv Hcp t{iWo-_² - PohnhÀ¤-¯nsâ kzm`m-hnI aqey-t_m[wsIm|v D|m-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv. {]mb-ap-Å-hsc _lp-am-\n-¡p-I, hfsc "kzm`m-hn-I'ambn \ap¡v tXm¶m-dp-|v. \ap¡p am{X-a-Ã, \½-sf-t¸mepÅ kwL-Po-hn-I-fn-seÃmwXs¶, {]tXy-In-¨pw kkvX\n-I-fnse IqSp-X k¦oÀ®-amb Pohn-hÀ¤-§Ä¡nS-bn-seÃmwXs¶, {]mb-ap-Åh - sc _lp-am-\n-¡p¶ kz`mhw ImWmw. A½hgn Ip«n-Isf hfÀ¯Â \S¯p¶ kwL§-fmWv Ch apgp-h\ - pw. icn¡pw s]¬Iq-«¯ - n-\n-Sb - n Ahsc KÀ`w [cn-¸n-¡p-hm-\mbn am{X-amWv Xe-sb-Sp¸pÅ Hcp BWp-Å-Xv. AÃmsX BWp-§Ä \bn-¡p¶ kwL-§-fà Ah-sbm-¶pw; "]pcp-j-tI-k-cn-'I-fmb a\pjyÀ A§s\ sXän-²-cn-¡m-dp-s|-¦nepw. Cu kwL-§136

"D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-c'mb {]mb-amb-hÀ

fnse "{]mb-ap-Åh - À' {]mb-amb kv{XoIÄXs¶-bm-W.v Cu {]mbs¯ _lp-am-\n-¡p¶Xn\v Hcp Imc-W-ap|v. AhÀ¡mWv "temI-]-cnNbw' DÅ-Xv. a®n-\S- n-bnse Dd-hI - s - f-hn-sS, GXv Zn¡n t]mbm Ct¸mÄ `£Ww In«pw, sNÃp¶ {]tZ-i¯v \s½ B{I-an-¡m³ Icp- ¯ p- Å - h - c mcv Fs¶- à m- a pÅ Imcy- § - f psS "ap³]- c n- N b DSaIf'mWv Cu {]mb-ap-Å-hÀ. Cu ]cn-N-b-k-¼-¯mWv {]mb-amb-hsc _lp-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ ImXÂ. AXm-b-Xv, Hcp kwL¯nsâ \ne-\n-e] v n-sâbpw XpSÀ¨-bp-sSbpw bYmÀ° hml-I-cmbn-cp-¶Xv Cu {]mb-ap-Åh - c - m-W.v {]mb-ap-Åh - c - psS ""in£W'¯n³ Iogn hfÀ¶mte hyàn-Is - f¶ \ne-bnepw kwL-sa¶ \ne-bnepw \½psS \ne-\n¸v Dd-¸n¡m-\mhq. CXmWv ZpÀ_-e-sc-¦nepw {]mb-ap-Å-hsc _lp-am-\n-¡m³ Imc-Ww. kkvX-\n-I-fp-sS-bn-S-bnse Hcp hn`m-K-amb a\p-jyÀ¡n-S-bn-te bv¡p \mw h¶m {]mb-ap-Å-hsc _lp-am-\n-¡p¶ "]mc-¼cy' amWv \ap-¡p-apÅ-Xv. F¶m kaq-l-§Ä hnI-kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\-\pk-cn¨v {]mb-ap-Å-h-cpsS "]nSn' Ab-bp-¶Xpw Ahsc \njvI cpWw' XÅn-¡-f-bp-¶Xpw \mw ImWm-dp-|v. F´p-sIm-|n-§s\ kw`hn-¡p¶p F¶p \ap-s¡m¶p t\m¡mw. hmsam-gn-bmbn Adnhpw A\p-`-h-k-¼¯pw ssIamäw sNbvXn-cp-¶n-S-t¯mfw Imew Cu Xe-aq-¯-hÀ¡v \à Øm\-am-Wp-|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Cu LS-\bv¡v Gähpw henb Xncn-¨Sn D|m-bXv `mjsb Fgp-s¯¶ ]p¯³ kmt¦-XnIhnZy-bpsS ssI¸n-Sn-bn-sem-Xp-¡n-b-t¸m-gmW.v `mjsb¶ alm-a{´w \t½m-sSm¸w P\n-¨-Xm-sW-¦n Fgp-s¯¶ alm-X{´w \mw cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xm-Wv. Cu Fgp-s¯¶ hnZy cq]s¸-«t¸mÄ "{]mb-am-b-hcp'sS Adnhv AhÀ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-h-bv¡phm³ XpS-§n. Cu tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯ÂXs¶-bmWv Ah-cpsS Øm\w Nen-¸n¨ BZys¯ A«n-a-dn.

Hcm-fpsS Adnhv Abm-fpsS A`m-h-¯n asämcmÄ¡v kzmb¯-am-¡m-\pÅ Ign-hmWv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯Âhgn km[n-s¨-Sp-¯-Xv. am{X-a-Ã, Htc-k-abw ]e "Kpcp-'¡-•m-cpsS Iogn A`y-kn-¡m\pw AXnSw \ÂIn. BÀ¡mtWm ]Tn-¡p-hm-³ A-`n-\n-thiw D|mb-Xv, AhÀ kI-e-hn[ Kpcp-¡-•m-tcbpw Hä-b-Sn¡v AI-¯m-¡n.

Cu AI-¯m-¡Â {]{In-b-bmWv Ime-tZ-i-§sf t`Zn¨v Kpcp-¡•m-cpsS Adn-hp-IÄ Ah-cpsS A`m-h-¯n \ap¡p e`y-am-¡n¯-¶X - .v kz´w ho«nse "Imc-Wh - sc'¡mÄ hnZy t\Snb FÃm-hcpw "hnhc'apÅ-h-cm-bn-¯oÀ¶p. kmaq-lnI hnImkw {ZpX-K-Xn-bn apt¶m«p \o§n-bt- ¸mÄ hym]-Iamb hnZym-k¼ - m-Z\w Cu hb-Ên aq¯-h-cpsS kmaq-ly--Øm\w \jvS-s¸-Sp-¯pIXs¶ sNbvXp. hb-Êsc _lp-am-\n-¡m-\pÅ DÄt{]-cW Hcp hi¯pw AXnsâ 137

a\pjycdnbm³

Bh-iy-an-Ãmbva adp-h-i¯pw h¶p-\n¶v \½p-sS-bpÅv kwLÀj]q-cn-X-am-¡pw. Cu kwLÀj-¯nsâ hnf-\n-e-amWv B[p-\nI a\pjycpsS DÅp-I-sf-Ãmw.

ChnsS asämcp ImcywIqSn C¶v kw`-hn-¡p-¶p-|v. {]mb-am-bh-cpsS A\p-`h - k - ¼ - ¯v ]pkvXI - c - q-]¯ - n B¡n-bmepw AXpw {]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-am-¡n-¯oÀ¡p¶ \qX\- km-t¦-XnIhnZy-I-fpsS {]tbm-K-{]-hm-l-¯nsâ Ime-¯mWv \mw Ct¸mÄ Ign-bp-¶-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c¯p\n¶v I\ym-Ip-am-cn-bn-te¡v hnÃp-h-|n-bn bm{X-¡mÀ t]mbn-cp¶ Ime-sa-Sp-¡p-I. Hcp Fgp]-Xp-hÀjwap¼v Nc-¡p-IÄ IS-¯p-hm\pw bm{X sN¿p-hm\pw Imf-h-|n-Ifpw IpXn-c-h-|n-Ifpw am{Xta \½psS \m«n D|mbn-cp-¶pÅq. ap´nb C\w ImfIsf FhnsS¡n-«pw, Ahsb F§s\ ]cn-N-cn-¡mw, hgn-bn shÅhpw ssht¡mepw FhnsS In«pw, emSw Xd-bv¡p¶ sImó Fhn-sS-bm-Wv, h|n \nÀ¯n Blmcw Ign-¡m³ ]äp¶ hoSp-IÄ Fhn-sS-bp-|v, XWÂac-§Ä Fhn-sS-bmWv Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ Adnhv h|n-tbm-Sn-¡p-¶X - n-\p-|m-bn-cn ¡ - W - w. F¶m Hcn-cp-]Xv hÀjw Ign-ªt- ¸mÄ Imf-h|nIÄ¡p ]Icw Imdpw _Êpw F¯n-t¨À¶p. Imf-h| - n-¡m-csâ aI³ Po¸p ss{Uh-dm-bn. Imf-h-|n-¡m-c-\mb AÑsâ A\p-`-h-k-¼¯pw Adnhpw Po¸p-ss{U-h-dmb aI\v Hcp-X-c-¯nepw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-amIn-söv \ap¡v ImWmw. HscmäImcy-¯n am{X-amWv Cu aq¸nem\v aI-t\mSv Aev]w ]d-bm\p|mhp-I. "\nsâ h|n-bn Ibdp-¶-h-tcmSv Aev]w acym-Z-tbmsS s]cp-am-dWw.' CXn¡hnª Abm-fpsS asäm-cd - nhpw aI\v {]tbm-P\ - a - nÃ. F¶p am{X-aà - , aI\p th| Hc-dnhpw Abm-Ä¡p-|m-hp-I-bp-an-Ã. Po¸v F§s\ HmSn¡-Ww, s]t{SmÄ tÌ-j³ Fhn-sS-bm-W,v F{X thK-¯n t]mI-Ww, ]©-sdm-«n-¡p¶sXhnsS Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ Hc-dnhpw AbmÄ¡p|m-In-Ã.

B[p-\nI kmt¦-Xn-Ih - n-Zy-If - psS {]tbm-K{- ]-hm-l¯ - m C¶s¯ A²y-m]-Icpw C¯-cs - amcp kµn-Kv²m-hØ t\cn-Sp-Ib - m-Wv. X§fpsS Adnhv s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ D]-tbm-Ki - q-\y-ambn amdp-¶X - d - n-bm¯ Hcp imkv{Xm-²ym-]I - \ - p-an-¶n-Ã. C§s\ XoÀ¯pw D]-tbm-Ki - q\y c - m-bn-t¸mb "{]mb-am-bh - À' `cn-¡p¶'hoSp-If - n-epw Øm]-\§ - f - n-epamWv \msaÃmw C¶p Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Øm\w sImSp-¡Wsa¶pw Øm\w In«-W-sa¶pw B{K-ln-¡p¶ a¡fpw AÑ-\-½-amcpw AS§p¶ \nÊ-lm-bc - mb a\p-jy-¡p-Spw-_§ - f - psS Iq«amWv ]p¯³ kaq-l-§-sfÃmwXs¶.

138

`bw ap¶-dn-hmWv; ssZhamIs« Adnhn-Ãm-bvabpw

hf-sc-b-[n-Iw- sIm«ntLmjn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Hcp aqey-amWv "A`bw.' "IÀ¯m- h n- e `bw {]m]n- ¡ Ww',"AÅmsb B{i-bn-¡Ww', "ssZh-¯n-eÀ¸n-X-\m-IWw', "_p²s\ icWw {]m]n-¡Ww', Fs¶Ãmw ]dªv Hmtcmtcm aX§Ä X§Ä¡m-hpw-hn[w \nÊ-lm-b-cmb a\p-jysc krjvSn-¨n-«p-|v. FÃm \nÊ-lm-b-X-bp-sSbpw D¯-c-sa¶ \ne-bn-emWv A`-bØ - m-\a - mb ssZhw {]Xy-£s - ¸-Sp-¶X - .v A`bw F¶p ]d-ªm `ban-Ãm¯ Ah-Ø; AXmbXv Pohn-X-¯nse \nÝ-b-ambpw Hgn-hm-t¡| Hcp aqey-amWv `bw F¶m-W-hÀ ]d-bp-¶Xv. ]t£, `bw F´m-sW¶v \ap-s¡m¶p t\m¡mw. `b-ap-Åh - À am{Xta Poh-t\mSncn-¡q. Pohsâ bYmÀ°hnI-k-\-¯n\v `bw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. A]-ISw ]Xn-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¶ "ap¶-dnhm'Wv `b-¯n\p ImcW-w. `b-an-Ãm¯ Ip«n Imdn-Sn¨p acn-¡pw. `b-an-Ãm¯ a\p-jy³ ]m¼p ISn¨p acn-¡pw.

Chn-sS-bmWv `bw Adn-hm-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-t¡-|X - v. ]Xn-bn-cp¶v B{I-an-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Hcp kml-N-cy-¯n \n¶mWv `bw Hcp ap¶-dn-hmbn \ap¡p e`n-¨-Xv. Im«nte¡p t]mIp¶ HcmÄ FhnsS\ns¶-¦nepw i_vZw tIÄ ¡p- t ¼mÄ AsX- ´ m- s W- ¶ - d n- b m³ {ian- ¡ p- ¶ - X n- \ pap¼v ac-¯n Ib-dn-bn-cn-¡-Ww. AXn\ptijw i_vZwtI« Zn¡n- t e¡v t\m¡p- ¶ - h À am{Xta Poh- t \m- s S -bn-cn-¡m-dp-Åq. Blm-cn-bpsS B{IaWw AsÃ-¦n i{Xp-hnsâ B{I-aWw \½psS apI-fn ]Xn-¡p-¶-Xn\p-ap¼v s]s«¶v c£-s¸-Sm-\pÅ hnZy-bm-bn-«mWv `bw cq]-s¸-«-Xv. `b- a n- à m- ¯ - h À Pohn- ¨ n- c n- ¸ p- | m- h n- à . A¡m- c - W ¯m C¶v Poht\msSbn-cn-¡p¶ an¡ Pohn-hÀ¤hpw `b-t¶mSn c£-s¸-«h - c - psS a¡Ä am{X-am-W.v ChnsS `bw \ntj-[m-ß-I-amb Hcdn-h-Ã, adn¨v ap¶-dn-hm-Wv. "Aan-X`bw' F¶ tcmKm-Xp-c-amb Ah-Ø-sbm-gn-¨v, AXm-b-Xv, Npäp-h-«¯pÅ H¶n-t\bpw bYm-X-Y-ambn hne-bn-cp-¯m139

a\pjycdnbm³

\pÅ Ign-hn-Ãmbva am{X-amWv NnIn-Õn-¡-s¸-tS-|-Xv. AÃmsX A`bw, A`bw F¶p ]d-bp¶ aqeyw Hcp kaq-l¯ - nsâ apgp-h³ tcmKm-h-Ø-bmWv. kz´w Npäp-]m-Sp-Isf Af¶p Xn«-s¸-Sp¯n F´p sN¿-Ww, F´p sNt¿-|, F§s\ sN¿-Ww, F{Xbpw sN¿Ww Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ D¯-ch - m-ZnXzw t]dp¶ Hcp {]tbm-Ka - W - U v -e-amWv Pohn-Xw. Cu D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw t]dmsX apJw Xncn-¨p \n ¡m\pw DuÀÖ-kz-e-X-tbmsS {]hÀ¯n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw am{Xta Cu B{in-XXzw \s½ klm-bn-¡p-I-bp-Åq. hn[n-bn hniz-kn¨v Xsâ Zb-\o-b-amb Ah-Ø-bp-ambn ka-c-k-s¸-Sm³ Cu A`bw \s½ t{]cn-¸n-¡pw.

ChnsS Ft¸mgpw \ap-¡-dn-hp-Å-XvþAdn-ªp-Iq-Sm-¯Xv F¶ Hcp {][m\ Xcw-Xn-cn-hp-|m-bn-cn-¡pw. Adn-hp-|mbm¯s¶ ap³]v Øm]n-¡-s¸-«n-«pÅ ]e aqey-§-fpsSbpw ap³K-W\ \nÝbn¡m\mhmsX \mw DgepI ]Xn-hm-Wv. Adn-ªp-XoÀ¡mt\m Af¶p Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯mt\m Ign-bm¯ Xc-¯n \nc-´cw amdn s¡m|pw H¸w hnI-kn-¨p-sIm|pw Ccn-¡p¶ {]]-©¯ - nsâ adp`mKw ImcWw Cu D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw t]dpI A{X \nÊm-c-a-söp ImWmw. CXn-s\Ãmw Npfp-hn-semcp ]cn-lm-c-am-bn-«mWv Adn-hn-Ãmbvasb kaqew tNÀ¯v "BÀ¡-dnbmw, ssZh-¯n-\-dnbmw' F¶ coXn-bn ssZh-sa¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. ssZhw shfn-¨-¯n \n¶p|m-b-Xp-a-Ã, shfn-¨-hp-a-Ã, adn¨v Adn-hn-Ãm-bva-bpsS BI¯p-Ibm-Wv. Adn-hn-Ãm-bvasb B{i-bn-¡p-¶-Xp-hgn Hcp {]iv\-]-cn-lmchpw \mw t\Sp-¶nà F¶n-cns¡ asämcp t]mwh-gn-bp-anà F¶ AÀ°-¯n-emWv Adn-hn-Ãm-bva-bpsS Ah-ew-_-ambn ssZhw ]cnW-an-¡p-¶-Xv. Adn-bp¶ ]cn-lm-c-§Äs¡m-¶n-\p-ambn \mw ssZhs¯ hnfn¡m-dn-Ã. tdj³ImÀUv In«p-¶-Xn-t\m, am§ hm§p-¶-Xn-t\m, _kvSn¡äv FSp-¡p¶Xnt\m AXm-bXv, kp\n-Ýn-Xa - mb \nan-j§ f - n-sem¶pwXs¶ Cu B{in-XXzw IS¶phcp-¶n-Ã. dnkÀhv sNbvX _kv Im¯p\nev¡p-t¼mÄ, _kv ImWm-Xn-cp-¶m B \nanjw Cu A\n-Ýn-XXzw ImcWw "B{in-X-h-Õ-es\' \mw At\z-jn-¨pXp-S-§pw. CXv Hcp Xc-¯nesæn asämcp Xc-¯n a\p-jyÀ Xncn-¨d - n-ªn-«p-ÅX - p-sIm-|mWv "Xm³ ]mXn ssZhw ]mXn' F¶pw "]mew IS-¡p-thmfw \mcm-b-W, \mcm-b-W, ]mew IS-¶m Iqcmb-W, Iqcm-bW' Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ sNmÃp-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶-Xv. DÅ Xns\ F{X-bd - n-ªmepw Adn-ªp-Xo-cm¯ {]]-©a - m-bX - p-sIm|v Cu \nÊ-lm-b-mh-ØbpsS apI-fn Nhn«n\n-ev¡p¶ FÃm-¯cw k{¼-Zm-b-§fpw \t½m-sSm¸w XpS-cp-¶-Xm-Wv. 140

`bw ap¶-dn-hmWv; ssZhamIs« Adnhn-Ãm-bvabpw

a\p-jyÀ¡v XpS-¡§-fm-hi - y-am-sW¶v, AÃ, AXym-hi - y-am-sW¶v, \mw ap³]v kqNn-¸n-¨p-h-tÃm. `qan-bnse HcnSw AXm-bXv \mw \nev¡p¶ HcnSw \mw Af¶pw Xcw-Xn-cn¨pw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {ian¡p-¶p. B {]tZ-i-¯ns\ \mw "tImgn-t¡mSv' F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶p.

FÃmX-c-¯n-ep-apÅ Af¶p Xn«-s¸-Sp¯n a\-Ên-em-¡-ep-IÄ¡p tijw Ahn-Sw-hn«v aäp Zn¡p-I-fn-te¡v \mw t]mIp-¶p. kwi-bc-lnX-amb Adn-hmWv B {]tZ-i-s¯-¸än \ap-¡p-ÅXv F¶-XpsIm-|mWv \mw ASp¯ Zn¡n-te¡p t]mIp-¶-Xv. Ahn-sSbpw a\-Ên-em¡n AXn\p t]cn-Sp-¶p. C§s\ a\-Ên-em-Im¯ Zn¡pIsf a\-Ên-em¡n apt¶m«p apt¶m-«p t]mbn Hcp henb hr¯ saSp¯v `qan Npän \mw hÀj-§-sf-Sp-¯v tImgnt¡mSv Xncn-s¨ ¯p¶p. At¸m-tg¡pw \mw hn«p-t]mb tImgn-t¡mSv Xncn-¨-dnbm-t\ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. A{X-t¯mfw amäw \mw Af¶p Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯nb B {]tZ-i-¯n-\p-|m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Af¶p XpS-§nb \½Ä¡v Ccp-]Xp hb-Êm-bn-cp¶p D|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. XncnsI, `qan Npän h¶t¸mÄ A¼Xp hb-Êv. Øew Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ \ap-¡p Ignbm-¯Xp-t]mse AhnsSbpÅ a\p-jy-tcbpw AhÀ¡v \½-tfbpw Xncn¨-dn-bm³ I-gn-bm¯ coXn-bn amä-¯n\p hnt[bambn Ignªn-cn-¡p-¶p. C§-s\-bmWv \nc-´c amä-¯n\p hnt[-b-am-Ip¶ {]]-©-¯nsâ ØnXn. ChnsS FÃm amä-§Ä¡pw AXo-X-ambn "amä-an-Ãm¯' Hc-hew_w F¶ \ne-bn-em-W,v AXm-bX - ,v a\p-jy-cpsS A\n-ÝnX-Xz-¯n\v Hcp ]cn-lm-c-sa¶ \ne-bn-emWv FÃmw Adn-bp¶ ssZhs¯ {]Xn-jvTn-¨-Xv. XpS-¡-§-fn-Ãm¯ {]]-©-¯n XpS-¡-§Ä a\pjyÀ¡m-h-iy-ambn h¶-Xp-t]m-se, amä-§Ä am{XapÅ {]]-©¯n amä-an-Ãm¯ ssZhw a\p-jyÀ¡m-h-iy-ambnh¶p. XpS¡w t]mse Ahm-kX v h - a - mWv amä-an-Ãm¯ ssZh-hpw. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m k\m-X-\-amb aqey-hp-an-Ã, k\m-X-\-amb Adn-hp-an-Ã.

141

AwKo-Imcw `£-Ww-t]mse A\n-hmcyw

a\p-jyÀ kmaqly-Po-hnIfm-sW¶v FÃm-hcpw ]d-bmdp|v. ]t£, Hcp kwL-¯nÂ\n¶m-cmw`n¨v ]e X«p-Ifmbn LSn-¸n-¡-s¸« {Kmakaq-l-sa¶ Xmc-X-tay\ B[p\n-I-amb Hcp LS-\-bn F¯n-t¨À¶n«v Hcp ]Xn-\mbncw hÀjwt]mepw Bbn-«n-Ã. CXp-t]mepw `qan-bnse Hcp sNdp-{]-tZ-i¯v sNdnb Hcp Bhm-k-tI-{µ-ambn Bcw-`n-¨X - m-sW¶pw \mw HmÀ¡-Ww. Ccp-]X - p-t]À sXm«v Adp-]Xpt]Àhsc HXp-§p¶ tKm{X-kw-L§ - f - m-bn-«mWv Ignª c|p-e£w hÀj-¯n-te-sd-¡mew a\p-jyÀ Ignªn-cp- ¶-X.v AXnse Ct§-b-äs¯ Hcp Xp¼¯p am{XamWv \mw ]d-bp¶ Cu kaq-l-ap-Å-Xv. AXp-X-s¶-sb-Sp¯m C¶pw Ccp-]X - p-t]À DÄs¡m-Åp¶ kwLwsXm«v e£-¡-W-¡n\p a\p-jyÀ H¶n¨p hkn-¡p¶ h³\-K-c§Ä hsc-bm-bn-«mWv Htckabw CXv hym]n¨p \n¡p¶-Xv. kwL--Po-hn-bm-bX - n-\m kwL-¯nÂ\n¶v `n¶-amb Hcp AkvXnXzw \½Ä¡v, AXm-b-Xv, Hcp hyàn¡v Hcn¡epw D|m-bn-«n-Ã. hyàn-IÄ IqSn-t¨À¶p-|m-b-Xà kaq-l-sa¶v \mw ap³]v kqNn-¸n-¨-tÃm. ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb Pohn-X-{]-{In-bbn Cu kwL-t_m-[-sa-¶Xv Hc-¼-Xp-t]À¡p-Ån-emWv `qcn-]£w a\p-jyÀ¡pw A\p-`-h-]-c-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. AXm-bXv Hc-¼-Xp-t]À¡p-Ånse Bfp-I-fpsS A`n-{]mbtam AwKo-Im-ctam BWv \½sf \nÀ®-bn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. Cu "sNdnb' h«-amWv \½psS DuÀÖ-t{km-XÊ - mbn hÀ ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu sNdp-h«w kmh-[m\w hn]p-eo-I-cn-¡p¶-Xp-h-gn-bmWv a\p-jyÀ aäv kwL-§-fn kzm[o\w sNep-¯nbpw AwKo-Imcw t\Snbpw "hf-cp-¶Xv'. C§s\ sNdp- k w- L - § - f n \n¶m- c w- ` n¨v h³kaq- l - § - f psS AwKo-Imcw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¯h - s - c-bmWv \mw {]kn-²s - c¶pw al-¯p-¡-sf¶pw Hs¡ hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. hfsc Ipd-¨pt]À¡v am{Xw km[n-Xa - mb Cu "h³hr¯w' sXm®q-sä«v iX-am\w t]cp-tSbpw Pohn-X-¯n _m[-I-a-Ã. Ah142

AwKo-Imcw `£-Ww-t]mse A\n-hmcyw

scÃmw ta¸dª sNdp-kw-L-§fnse AwKo-Im-c-¯n\pw A`n{]m-b-¯n-\p-amWv ap³K-W\ \evIp-I. kwL-Po-hn-bm-b-Xn-\m AwKo-Imcw a\p-jy\v `£Wwt]mse AXym-h-iyamb H¶m-Wv. ap¼v \mw Im«p]-«n-I-fnÂ\n¶v ]pd-¯m¡-s¸-Sp¶ AwK-§Ä Cc-tX-Sm-\m-hmsX \in-¨p-t]m-Ip¶ Imcyw ]d-ªn-cp-¶-tÃm. B[p-\nIkaql\nÀ½m-W-¯n\pap¼v tKm{X§Ä¡pw PmXn-IÄ¡pw {]m[m-\y-ap-|m-bn-cp¶ Ime¯v ]pd-¯m¡-s¸« hyàn-IÄ \njvI-cpWw sImÃ-s¸-Sp-Itbm \ne-\n-ev¡m³ Ign-bmsX acn-¨p-t]m-hp-Itbm Bbncp¶p ]Xn-h.v kztKm-{X-¯n \n¶v ]pd-¯m-¡s - ¸-«h - À¡v AwKo-Imcw F¶ "B´-cn-I kzmØyw' F§pw e`n-¡msX Ae-ªp-Xn-cn-tb-|n-h-cpw. B[p-\nI kaq-l§-fn am{XamWv C¯cw ]pd-¯m-¡-enÂ\n¶v c£-s¸-Sm-\pÅ {]X-e§ - fpw ]gp-Xp-Ifpw a\p-jy\p e`y-am-bX - .v hoSv hn-Sm\pw tKm{X§Ä hnSm\pw PmXn Dt]-£n-¡m\pw aX-s¯bpw ssZh-s¯bpw XÅn-¸d - b - m\pw Hs¡ hyàn-IÄ¡v Ign-ªXv B[p-\nI kaq-l \ - nÀ½m-W¯ - n\ptij-am-Wv. A¯cw CS-§sfm¶pw-Xs - ¶, tPmensb-¶c - o-Xn-bntem Xma-kk - u-Ic - y-sa-¶\ - n-eb - ntem ap³Im-e§ - f - n "A\yÀ'¡v asä§pw e`n-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. A\y-\m-«nse ASn-a-IfmImw A{X-X-s¶. ]t£, Hcp hyàn-sb¶ \ne-bn IqSp-XÂt]À¡pw Hcp kaql-¯nsâ \Sp-hnepw "\½psS kwL'-¯nsâ AwKo-Imcw In«nbmte Akz-Ø-X-sbm-gn-bq, kam-[m\w e`n-¡q. ImcWw AhcmWv \½psS hr¯w. aäp-Å-h-cp-sS-sbÃmw AwKo-Imcw th| F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mgpw Cu sNdp-hr-¯-¯nsâ AXm-bXv, "\½psS kaql'¯nsâ AwKo-Imcw Dd-¸m-¡nbn«p-|m-hpw. B _e-amWv ]e-t¸mgpw s]mXp-ka - qlw am\n-¡p¶ ]e-Xn-t\bpw shÃp-hn-fn-¨psIm|v "kaq-l-a-²y¯nÂ' Xe DbÀ¯n \n¡m³ \s½ klmbn-¡p-¶-Xv. sNdp cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«n-I-fpsS AkvXnXzwXs¶ C§s\-bmWv \nÀ®-bn-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶X - v. AwKo-Imcw th| F¶p ]dªv Hcp kwLw hn«v ]pd-¯p-t]m-Ip¶ BÄ AXnepw henb AwKoImcw tXSntbm hfsc kq£vaa - mb AwKo-Imcw D¶w h¨psImt|m Bbn-cn¡pw C§s\ sN¿p-¶X - .v {]Xy-£¯ - n DS-\Sn e`n-¡m-¯ ]e AwKo-Im-c-§fpw ZoÀL-Zr-jvSn-tbmsS I|v Nne-t¸mÄ AwKoImcw th| F¶p ]dªp \nev¡p-¶h - sct]mepw \mw Is|¶p hcpw. Hcw-Ko-Im-chpw X\n-¡p-th| F¶p ]d-bp¶ BfpsS D¶w Fs´¶v Is|-¯pI am{Xta \ap¡p sNt¿-|-Xm-bn-«p-Åq.

AÃmsX AwKo-Imcw th|m¯ Hcp a\pjy\pw D|m-hp-I-bn-Ã, D|m-Im³ CS-bp-an-Ã. C\n, D|m-bm Ah-sc-bmWv \mw "{`m´À' F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. AhÀ¡v F´pw sN¿m-\mIpw. AXp-t]m-se143

a\pjycdnbm³

Xs¶ kmaq-ly-ambn Gähpw Ah-K-Wn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cmbn AhÀ amdp-Ibpw sNbpw.

GIm-´-ambn kaq-l-¯nÂ\n¶p hn«v Hä-bv¡n-cn-¡p¶ k¶ym -kn-am-sc-¸-än, sk³Kp-cp-¡-•m-sc-¸-än, kq^n-I-sf-¸än Hs¡ \mw tIÄ¡m-dp-|v. ]t£, Hcp injy-s\-¦nepw h¶v \n§-sfmcp almKp-cp-hmWv F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xp tIÄ¡m-\mbn Im¯n-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ Xs¶-bmWv Ah-cpw. acn-¨X - n-\p-ti-jhpw IoÀ¯n-bmb AwKo-Imcw e`n¡pw F¶ {]Xo-£-tbm-sS-bmWv cà-km-£nXzw \mw hcn-¡mdp-Å-Xv. A\p-I-¼-bp-Å-h-cmbn s]cp-am-dWw F¶p ]dªv \s½ {]tem-`n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v \mcm-b-W³- ]d-bp¶, ""Dcp-hm-ap-SÂhn«v IoÀ¯n-bmþ apcp-hmÀ¶n-§-\p-I¼ \n¶nSpw'' F¶ hcn-I-fnepw Cu kmaq-ln-Imw-Ko-ImcwXs¶-bm-Wv tXSp-¶-Xv. "\n§-fp-sS-bm-cp-sSbpw AwKo-Imcw F\n¡p th|'F¶p ]d-bp¶ BÄ, aäpNneÀ Xs¶ AwKo-I-cn¡pw F¶ XoÀ¨-bp-Å-Xp-sIm|mWv A§s\ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. CsXÃmw \man-hnsS kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv a\p-jy\v `£Wwt]mse AwKo-Im-c-am-h-iy-am-sW¶v ]d-bm³ am{X-am-Wv. Cu AwKo-Imcw e`n-¡m³th|n aäpÅhÀ "_lp-IrX-thjw' sI«p-t¼mÄ \mw Nncn-¡m-dp-s|-¦nepw Hcp Xc-¯n-e-sæn asämcp Xc-¯n C¯cw thj§Ä sI«p-¶-hÀ am{X-tabpÅq F¶pIqSn \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. \mw Hmtcmcp-¯cpw C§ s\Xs¶ BsW¶pw a\Ên-em-¡p-I. A\ycdn-bmsX k¼-¶-\mIp-¶-Xp-t]mse, kq£va-amb coXn-bn AwKo-Imcw kwL-Sn-¸n-s¨Sp-¡p-¶-hsc \mw alm-•m-sc¶p hnfn-¡pw, A{X-am-{Xw. aäp-Å-h-cpsS D¶w AsÃ-¦n Dt±iyw Adn-bm-\mbn cq]-s¸« a\-sʶv hnfn-¡p¶ B´-cnIhym]mc-¯n\v kzbw t\m¡m\pÅ Ign-hp-IqSn e`y-am-bX - n-\m (CsXmcp ]cn-Wm-a] - c - a - mb Cc« B\p-Iq-ey-am-Wv) kz´-amb AwKo-Imcw t\Sp-I-sb¶ km²yXbpw \ap¡v Xpd-¶p-h-¶p. aäp-Å-h-scÃmw Dt]-£n-¨mepw Cu "B´-cnI I®nsâ' AwKo-Imcw \mw t\Sn-bmepw A¸kz¸w ]nSn¨p \n¡mw. F¶mÂ, B´-cn-I-am-b-tXm, _mly-am-btXm Bb AwKo-Im-c-an-ÃmsX \½Ä¡v ]nSn-¨p-\n¡mt\ BIn-Ã, AXn-\m AwKo-Imcw hmbp, Pew, `£Ww F¶n-h-t]mse a\pjyÀ¡v AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

144

Nne B[n-]Xy X{´-§ÄIqSn

aäp a\p-jy-cpsS apI-fn B[n-]-Xy-Øm-]-\-¯n-\mbn ]e-hn[ X{´-§-Ä \msaÃm-hcpw ]bämdpÅXn-s\]än \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-I-gnªp. Imb-_e - w, AXnsâ B[p\nI {]I-Sn-X-cq-]-amb ssk\ywhtc-bpw hn`-h-§-fpsS t{kmXÊv I¿-S-¡n-h¨pw D¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶h kzmb-¯am-¡n-h¨pw \nev¡p¶ k¼-¶c - psS coXn, Adn-hnsâ kam -lc-Whpw Ip¯-Im-h-Im-ihpw \ne-\nÀ¯n Aev]m-e] v ambn hnX-cWw sN¿p¶ _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS k{¼-Zm-b-w, {]kn-²n-sb¶ kq£vaX - {- ´-¯m \½psS ap³t], \ap -¡pÅ hmXn-ep-IÄ Xpd-¡p¶ Gähpw kq£va-amb kq{X-hn-Zybpw \mw ]cn-N-b-s¸«p Ign-ªp. CXnsâ {]tbm-K-co-Xn-bn-epÅ Nne sshhn-[y-§ÄIqSn \mw a\Ên-em-t¡-|-Xp-|v.

CXn BZyw ]dª iàn-am-\pw k¼-¶\pw aäp-Åh-cp-sS-bn-S-bn "kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-cmbn' CS-s]-«m A]ISw £Wn-¨p-h-cp-¯p-¶Xv s]s«-¶m-bn-cn-¡pw. AXn\m kaq-l¯ - n hnc-fa - mbn {]Xy-£s - ¸-Sp¶-XmWv Hcp coXn. {]Xy-£s - ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ kÀÆ-k¶ - m-l§ - f - p-apÅ kpc£nX he-b-¯n-\p-Ån-em-bn- \o§p-I F¶-XmWv asämcp coXn. h³a-Xn-ep-IÄ¡p-Ån Xmc-Xt- ay\ cl-ky-Po-hnXw \bn-¡p-¶-h-cm-bn-cn¡pw Ch-cn `qcn-]-£-hpw. \½psS ap³Im-e-cm-Pm-¡-•mcpw {]_-e-cmb cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-cnIfpw k¼-¶cpw Cu coXn-IÄXs¶-bmWv Ah-ew-_n -¡m-dp-Å-Xv. shÅn-¯n-c-bnÂam{Xw iàn-am-•m-cmbn {]Xy- £ - s ¸- S p¶ Xmc- c m- P m- ¡ - • m- c pw amem- J - a m- c mbn {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp¶ Xmc-kp-µ-cn-Ifpw A{X Im¼pÅ Imcy§Ä ]d-bm-\-dn-bm¯ Bßo-b-t\-Xm-¡fpw BÄssZh§fpw Cu k¼-¶c - p-sSbpw cmPm-¡• - m-cp-sSbpw coXn-IÄ Xs¶-bm-bn-cn¡pw Ah-ew-_n-¡p-¶X - .v "Akp-e` - '- am-bn-cn¡pI F¶ X{´-amWv C¯cw B[n-]X - y-¯nsâ kz`m-hw. {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ IrXy-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-I-tfmsS dntlgvk Ignª \mSIw tÌPn-eh - X - c - n-¸n-¡p¶ ipjvIm´n 145

a\pjycdnbm³

Ch-cp-sS-sbÃmw kaq-l-a-[y-¯nse {]Xy-£-s¸-S-en D|m-bncn-¡pw. tÌPp-I-fn "Ah-X-cn-¡p¶' \½psS BÄssZ-h-§fpw Bßo-bK - p-cp-¡• - mcpw Cu ]²-Xn-bpsS \à Ah-Xm-cI - c - m-W.v cmjv{Sob{]hÀ¯-Icmbmepw kn\n-am-Xm-c-§-fm-bmepw -B-ßob-t\-Xm-¡-fm-bmepw AXn-k-¼-¶-cm-bm-epw- {]-_-e-cm-b-hÀ Akpe-`X F¶ a{´-am-bn-cn¡pw ImX-embn kq£n-¡p-¶X - .v ]t£, Cu Ac-§p-If - psS A`m-h¯ - n ChÀ XoÀ¯pw ZpÀ_-ec - m-bn-t¸m-Ipw. ]|p-Xs¶ cmPm-¡-•mÀ¡v Cu cl-ky-a-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. atäsXmcp a\p-jy-s\bpw-t]mse BÀs¡-¦nepw P\n¨v, `£Ww Ign¨v, At[m-hmbp hnSp¶ km[m-c-W-¡mÀXs¶-bmWv Ah-cpw. ]t£, h³a-Xn-ep-If - p-|m¡n AXn-\p-Ånse \nKq-VX - b - nÂXoÀ¯ cay-lÀ½y-§-fnÂ, henb apdn-I-fnÂ, henb knwlm-k-\-§-fnÂ, H¡p-sa-¦n kzÀ®-knw-lm-k-\-¯n "apJw ImWn-¡p¶' coXnbmWv AhÀ A\p-hÀ¯n¨p h¶n-cp-¶-Xv. H¸w sNt¦mepw IncoShpw hmfpw Npän\pw kma-´• - mcpw {]`p-¡• - mcpw FÃm-hcpw Ccp¶v Hcp "Ac-§p'-XoÀ¯mWv Btcbpw AhÀ I|n-cp-¶-Xv. Cu Ac-§nsâ sNdp-]-Xn-¸p-I-fmWv C¶pw k¼-¶-cp-sSbpw BÄssZh-§-fp-sSbpw kn\n-am-Xm-c-§-fp-sSbpw coXn-IÄ. cmPmhnsâ coXn-Xs - ¶-bmWv A¼-e§ - fnsebpw ]Ån-If - n-sebpw ssZh§Ä¡p-Å-Xv. cmPm-hns\ apJw ImWn-¡m-\pÅ X{X-¸m-Sp-X-s¶bmWv t£{X-§-fnepw kw`-hn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. cmPmhpw Fgp-¶-ÅpI-bm-Wv, AtX-t]mse tZh\pw tZhnbpw Fgp-¶-Åp-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. Chsc BZ-cn-¡m\pw A`n-kw-t_m-[-\-sN-¿m\pw D]-tbmKn-¡p¶ D]-Nm-c-hm-¡p-I-sf-Ãmw- Hcp-t]m-se- X-s¶-bp-Å-h-bmsW¶v \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. IncoSw [cn-¡m\pw knwlm-k\-§-fn Ccn-¡m-\p-apÅ BÄssZ-h-§-fpsS Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw sh{]m-fhpsaÃmw Cu cmPm-¡• - m-cnÂ\n-¶m-cw-`n¨ A[n-Im-cN - n-Ó§-fpsS I¿m-f-em-Wv. `à-cm-Is« {]P-I-sf-t¸mse kmjvSmwKw \a-kvI-cn¨v hoWp-h-W-§n-bn-gªv sNÃp-¶p-ap-|m-Ipw. cmjv{So-b¡mcpw cmPm-¡-•m-cpsS Cu coXn-X-s¶-bmWv thm«p-In-«n-¡-gnªm A\p-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶X - .v sk{I-t«-dn-bä - p-If - nse h³ap-dn-Ifpw henb Itk-c-Ifpw FÃmw Cu cmPm-¡-•m-cpsS XpSÀ¨-X-s¶bm-Wv. KhÀ®-Àam-cpsS BØm-\-a-µn-c-§Ä¡pw {]kn-Uânsâ `oam-Im-c-ku[-¯n\pw asäm-¶p-aà e£yw. Nph¶ ]c-h-Xm-\nbpw D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-amb IpXn-c¸-S-bm-fn-Ifpw FÃmw D]-tbm-Kn-¨v, P\§sf A\y-s¸-Sp¯n \nÀ¯n, Bfp-I-fn A]-cn-Nn-XXzw Dfhm¡n, AtÚ-bX hfÀ¯n, AÛpXw Iqdn¨v Iogvs¸-Sp-¯p¶ X{´wXs¶-bmWv D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. {]kn-Uâp-amÀ hcpt¼mÄ ImWm-\m-cp-an-sÃ-¦nepw _mcn-t¡-Sp-IÄ DbÀ¯p-¶X - nsâ 146

Nne B[n-]Xy X{´-§ÄIqSn

e£yhpw asäm-¶-Ã. cmPm-¡-•m-cpsS ]n³Xp-SÀ¨-¡mÀXs¶-bmW-hÀ, AsÃ-¦n Hcp P\m-[n-]-Xy-cm-Py-¯n {]knUâpamsc Is|-¯pI A{X {]bm-k-apÅ Imcy-a-Ã-tÃm, FÃm-hcpw "tbmKy' ctÃ. cmPm-hn-\m-It« Xm\sÃ-¦n Xsâ aI³ am{X-ta-bpÅq ]I c - ¡ - m-c\ - m-bp-ÅX - ,v sImÃ-s¸-«p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-¡m\pÅ Xzc AbmÄ¡v AXym-hi - y-amWv. AXn-\m Poh-t\m-Sn-cn-¡m³ Cu ]Wn-¸m-sSms¡ AbmÄ s]SWw, ]t£, "P\m-[n-]Xy'cmPys¯ {]kn-Uânsâ Imcyw A§-s\-b-ÃtÃm, AbmÄ A§s\ s]cp-am-td| Bh-iyan-Ã-tÃm, `bw IqSp-X-em-sW-¦n cmPn-h-s¨m-gn-ªmÂt]m-tc, AÃmsX cmPm-hn-s\-t¸mse s]cp-am-td| Bh-iy-anÃtÃm.... t{iWo-_-²-amb \½psS Pohn-hÀ¤-kz-`m-hhpw Cu {]tbm-K{]-hÀ¯-\¯ - n DÄt¨À¶n-cn-¡p-¶X - n-\m ""AXp ]ns¶ A§ns\-bmWv th|Xv'' F¶v "kzm`m-hnI'ambn \ap¡p tXm¶p-Ibpw sN¿pw. am{X-hp-aà t{iWo-_² - X P\n-XI - a - mbn e`n-¡p-¶X - n-\m \½-tf-hcpw F¯n-t¨-cm³ sImXn-¡p-¶Xpw kz]v\-¯n-se-¦nepw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xp-amb Hcp Øm\-amWv cmPm-hnsâ {]uVnbpw k¼¶-Xbpw kzIm-cy-X-bpw. FÃm A½q-½-¡-Y-Ifpw "Hcn-S-s¯mcp cmP-Ip-am-c\pw cmP-Ip-am-cnbpw D|m-bn-cp¶p' F¶m-cw-`n-¡p-¶Xn\pw Imc-W-an-Xm-Wv. tlm«-ep-IÄ¡pw I¼-\n-IÄ¡pw _mdpIÄ¡pw FÃmw cmP-Io-bw, ZÀ_mÀ, InMvkv, Iyq³kv, {]n³kv Fs¶-Ãmw t]cn-Sp-¶X - n\pw asäm-¶Ã e£yw. Cu ASp-¯nsS cq]oI-cn¨ sF.-]n.-F äoap-I-fpsS t]cp-I-Ä H¶v {i²n-¨m CXv \¶mbn a\-Ên-emIpw. kaq-l-a-²y-¯n Cd-§n-\-S¶v P\-§-fp-ambn "CS-]-gIn' Pohn¨-h-cmWv _p²\pw tbiphpw \_nbpw \mcm-b-W-\pw KmÔn-bpsa-Ãmw. Ah-cm-Is« ta¸-dª "A\y-s¸-Sp-¯p¶' X{´-§s - fm¶pw ]b-än-b-Xmbn ImWp-¶n-Ã. h³a-Xn-ep-IÄ XoÀ¯v cay-lÀ-½y-§Ä ]WnX-Xmbpw ImWp-¶n-Ã. _p²-\m-Is« DÅ lÀ½yhpw hn«ph¶bm-fm-Wv. ]ns¶´v X{´-ap-]-tbm-Kn-¨mWv Bfp-I-fp-sS-bn-S-bn AhÀ Ign-ªn-cp-¶sX¶p \ap-s¡m¶p t\m¡mw. apt¶ \S¶v hmXn Xpd-¡p¶ {]kn²n F¶ kq£va-hn-Zy-tbm-sSm¸w Adnsh¶ `WvUm-Im-chpw t]dn, AXnepw kq£vaa - mb "P\-a² - y-¯n GIX' F¶ AXn-kq-£va-{]-Xn-tcm-[hpw XoÀ¯mWv Ah-cn-cp-¶sX¶p ImWmw. Cu a\p-jyÀ¡v Hcn-¡epw kplr-¯p-¡tfm ka-ioÀjtcm D|m-hp-I-bn-Ã. DÅp-Xp-d¶v Im«p¶ Hcp kz`m-hhpw AhÀ¡p|m-In-Ã. icnbpw sXäp-amb ]e-hn[ IY-IÄ Ah-cpsS Npäpw ]mªp-I-fn-¡p¶p|m-bn-cn-¡pw. ]t£, H¶n-t\bpw AhÀ XÅn¡-f-bp-Itbm kzoI-cn-¡p-Itbm sN¿n-Ã. ss[cyw kw`-cn¨v Bsc147

a\pjycdnbm³

¦nepw Fs´-¦nepw tNmZn-¨m Zpcq-lX Xpfp-¼p¶ aµ-kvan-X-ambn-cn¡pw IqSp-X ka-bhpw D¯-cw. AsÃ-¦n ]e-X-c-¯n hymJym-\n-¡m-hp¶ {]tl-fn-I\ - n-dª hm¡p-IÄ D¨-cn-¡p-w. A§p Zqsc N{I-hm-f-¯n ZrjvSn ]Xn-¸n¨v Bcpw Xsâ ap¶n-enà F¶ tXm¶Â P\n-¸n-¡p¶ coXn-bn AhÀ Ccn-¡p-¶p-|m-hpw. Cu Zpcq-lXbmÂ, Hcp h³a-Xn-ent\m A´-x]p-c-¯nt\m \ÂIm³ Ign-bm¯ adhv Hcp \\p¯ aqSp-]-Sw-t]mse Ah-sc Bh-c-WwsNbvXv \n¡p¶p-|m-Ipw. P\-k-ap-{Z-¯nsâ \Sp-a-[y-¯n-en-cn¡p-t¼mgpw X§-fpsS Xnc-sª-Sp¸p {]Imcw am{Xta AhÀ aäp Å - h - c - p-ambn k¼À¡w ]peÀ¯m-dp-Åq. "kzman kam-[n-bn-emWv' F¶ D¯cw Btcbpw aWn-¡q-dp-I-tfmfw Im¯n-cn-¡m³ \nÀ_-Ôn¸n-¡pw. ISp¯ Zn\-N-cy-IÄ IrXyX sXämsX AhÀ BN-cn-¡p¶p-|m-Ipw. X§Ä "a\p-jy-tc-bÃ' F¶v FÃm-hÀ¡pw tXm¶n-¡pamdv BÄ¡q-«§ - Ä¡n-Sb - n "ae-t]mse' AhÀ Ccn-¡pw. h¬th {Sm^nIv F¶ coXn-bn-epÅ Cu CS-s]-S-emWv P\-§sf \nb-{´n¡m-\pÅ Ah-cpsS sa¡m-\n-kw.

Cu kq£va-amb X{´w D]-tbm-Kn¨v, Xosc sNe-hn-ÃmsX {]Xn -tcm[w krjvSn¨v, Xm³ ]d-bp-¶X - p-t]mse {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ BÚm\p-hÀ¯n-Isf krjvSn-¨mWv al-¯p-¡-fn al-¯p-¡-fmb Cu X{´-ÚÀ Pohn-¨n-cp-¶X - .v Gdnbpw Ipdªpw Cu X{´-hn-Zy-bpsS ]e-hn[ {]tbm-K-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv AhÀ B[n-]Xyw sNep-¯n-bncp-¶-Xv. {]kn²nt]mse hfsc kq£va-amb "AtÚ-bX' F¶ Cu X{´-ap-]t - bm-Kn¨v "\njvIf - ¦cmbn', "kuaycmbn' AhÀ hmfpw B`-c-W-§fpw knwlm-k-\-§fpw CÃmsX cmPm-¡-•m-cm-bn-¯s¶-bmWv hkn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. Ah-cpsS ap¶nepw aäp-Å-hÀ Cg-ªpX-s¶-bmWv F¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. aäpÅhsc c|mw-Xcw a\p-jy-cm -¡msX ta¸-dª Hcp {]tbm-Khpw km[y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn\m Ch-cp-sS-sbÃmw Icp-Wbpw kvt\lhpw Zbm-hmbv]pw DbÀ¶ ]oT-§-fnÂ\n¶v Iogvt]m-«p-X-s¶-bm-sWm-gp-In-bn-cp-¶-Xv. B[p-\nI-amb kaXzw F¶ aqeyw Cu {]tbm-Kc - o-Xn-If - n Ds|¶v kwibn¨v ]ctX| Hcp Imcyhpw \ap-¡n-Ã.

Cu Ak-a-Xz-{]-tbmKw AhÀ¡v "kzm`m-hnI'ambn DÅ-XmsW¶pw AhÀ t_m[-]qÀÆw sN¿p-¶-X-söpw hn\o-X-in-jyÀ ]d-ªp-tIÄ¡m-dp-|v. \½psS ap¶n tIc-f-¯nsâ kmaq-ly-aWvUes¯ Gähpw kzm[o-\n¨ \mcm-bW - \pw Xan-g\ v m-Sns\ kzm[o \ - n¨ ca-W\pw F§s\bmWv C¡m-cy-§f - n {]Xn-Ic - n-¨s - X¶v \aps¡m¶p t\m¡mw. KmÔn- h-¶t- ¸mgpw SmtKmÀ h¶-t¸mgpw Nph¶ ]c-h-Xm-\n-bn«v Ahsc \mcm-b-W³ kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. Xsâ ka-ioÀjcmsW¶v tXm¶n-b-hsc Fgp-t¶äp \n¶v kzoI-cn148

Nne B[n-]Xy X{´-§ÄIqSn

¡m³ Hcp -a-Snbpw At±lw Im«n-bn-Ã. kam-[n-bn t]mIp-Itbm A\y-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ `mh-lm-hm-Zn-IÄ Im«p-Itbm H¶pw sNbvXn-Ã.

AXp-t]mse \mcm-b-W³, ca-W³ hkn-¡p¶ Xncp-h-®m-a-ebpsS kao-]s - a-¯n-bt- ¸mÄ Ahsc X½n Iq«n-ap-«n-¡m³ injyÀ {ian¨p F¶v IY. AhÀ ]c-k] v cw ae-bpsS ASn-hm-c-¯pÅ c|v ]md-¸p-d-¯n-cp¶p At§m-«p-an-t§m«pw ZrjvSn ]mbn-¨-X-ÃmsX H¶pw Dcn-bm-Sn-bnà F¶pw ]dªp tIÄ¡m-dp-|v. Iptd t\cw Ign-ª-t¸mÄ ca-W³ Fgp-t¶-äpt]m-bn-. ChnsS Nq|n-¡m-Wn¡p¶ hkvXp-X, Ccp-¶- a-e-bnÂ\n¶pw aämcpw h¶-t¸mÄ Xmsg Cd-§m-Xn-cp¶ ca-W³ Xsâ ka-ioÀjs\¶v \mcm-b-Ws\ ]cnK-Wn¨p F¶-Xm-Wv. At¸mÄ Npäpw \n¡p-¶-h-tcmSv Hcp _lpam-\hpw At±-l-¯n-\n-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-|mWv Fgp-t¶Â¡m-Xncp-¶-sX¶pw AI-e-§-fn ZrjvSn ]Xn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶-sX¶pw \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡mw. H¸wXs¶ \mcm-b-W³ ca-Ws\ ImWm³ ae Ib-dn- sN-¶nà F¶ hkvXp-Xbpw HmÀ¡-Ww. \mcm-bW - ³ X\n¡v apI-fn Bscbpw I|n-cp-¶nà F¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡mw. ka-ioÀjcmbn Npcp¡w Nne-sc-¡m-Wp-Ibpw _m¡n-bp-Å-hsc apgph\pw Icp-W-bÀln-¡p¶ IoS-§-fmbn Icp-Xp-IbpamWv ChÀ sNbvXncp¶Xv. Npcp¡w ]d-ªmÂ, Cu c|v t{ijvT• - mcpw ]g-s©m-Ãn ]d-bp¶ "shÅ-¯p-Wn¡v XSp-¡n-Sp-¶-hÀ' Xs¶-bm-Wv. C\n, kl-Ic - W - ¯ - nsâ a{´-tam-Xn-bn-cp¶ al-¯p-¡Ä Fs¶¦nepw Ah-sc-t¸m-se-bpÅ aäv al-¯p-¡-fp-ambn kl-I-cn¨v s]mXp-hmb GsX-¦nepw Imcy-¯n H¶n¨p {]hÀ¯n-¨n-«pt|m F¶p t\m¡n-bm A§s\ kw`-hn-¨n-t«-bnà F¶p \ap¡v ImWmw. kz´w Xpcp-¯p-IÄ XoÀ¯v injy-KW - § - f - psS apI-fn A\n-tjy-[ym-[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-¨v hmgp-I am{X-am-W-hÀ sNbvXncp ¶-Xv. "Xncp-hm-bvs¡-XnÀ hmbnÃ' F¶ \mSp-hmgnkqàw icn¡pw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cp-¶Xv C¯cw B{i-am-´-co-£-§-fnÂXs¶bm-Wv. X§Ä D]-tZ-in-¨p-d-¸n-¡m-dpÅ kl-I-cWw aäp-Å-hÀ¡v {]tbm-Kn¨p Pohn-¡p-hm-\pÅ a{´-amWv, AÃmsX, AXv Úm\nIÄ¡v Pohn-¡m\p-Å-X-Ã.... BIm-i-¯nsâ A\-´-X-bn-te¡v Hcn-¡s - e-¦nepw It®m-Sn¨ HcmÄt]mepw Cu {]]-©s¯ ]qÀ®ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ auVyw h¨p-]p-eÀ¯n-Ã. {]]©-¯nsâ k¦oÀ®-XI - s - fbpw hyXy-kvXI - s - fbpw I®-S¨ - n-Ãm-Xm¡n, DÅnse AÚm-\-¯n ebn-¸n¨v km¦-e] v n-I-k-Xy-¯n ap§n tam£w t\Snbhcm-W-hÀ. kÀÆ-Úm-\n-I-fpsS "hn\bw' I|v \mw A´w-hn-«n-cp¶p t]mIpw. Hcn-¡epw AdnªpXoÀ¡m³ Ign-bm¯, ]pXp-aI - Ä \ndª Cu {]]-©¯ - n Úm\n-IfmIp¶-hcpw kÀÆÚ]oTw Ib-dp-¶h - c - p-am-Wh - À. AXncn-Ãm¯ Al¦mc¯nsâ Aev]¯amWv kÀÆ-Úm\-sa-¶Xv !

149

h\-¯nse Xm]-kÀ

Im«nepw ae-bnepw t]mbn hfsc\mÄ X]Êp sNbvXv BßÚm\w t\Snb Ejo-iz-c-•m-sc-¸än \mw hf-sc-b-[nIw ]dªp tI«n-«p-|v. Hcp Ejnbpw Im«n Häbv¡v Xmakn-¨n-«p-|m-hn-Ã. C\n Xma-kn-¨n-«p-s|-¦n AbmÄ X]Êp sNbvXn-«p-|m-hn-Ã. Imc-Ww, X]Êp sNbvXn«v I®p Xpd¡p-t¼mÄ Bsc-¦nepw `£Ww F¯n-¨n-cn-¡W - w. AÃ, Abm-fmWv `£Ww At\z-jn-¡p-¶-sX-¦n X]Êp sN¿m³ asäm-cmsf Ccp-t¯-|n-h-cpw. Cu bmYmÀ°y-adn-bp¶ Hcp k¶ym-knbpw Im«n t]mbn X]Êp sN¿n-Ã.

Im«nepw ae-bnepw hkn-¡p-t¼mÄXs¶ ImWp¶ Zqc¯v Hcp {Kma-¯n-\-cn-In am{X-amWv FÃm X]-ÊpIfpw Cu Ejn-IÄ A\p-jT v n-¨n-cp-¶X - .v Xsâ X]Êp Ignbp-t¼mÄ Xt¶mSv IcpW tXm¶nb GsX-¦nepw hey½ `£-W-hp-am-sb-¯p-¶Xv t\m¡n-bn-cn-¡p¶ Ejn-Isf am{Xta \mw ImWp-Ib - p-Åq. AhÀ sIm-|p-hc - p¶ thhn¨ ]b-dnsâtbm NqSpÅ Iªn-bp-sStbm cq]-¯n-em-bncn¡pw Ejn-amÀ¡v ]e-t¸mgpw "ssZhZÀi-\-w' e`n-¡p¶-X.v _p²\v "shfn-]m-Sp-'h-¶X - p-Xs¶ kpPm-X sImSp¯ ]mb-kw-Ip-Sn-¨m-Wv. ]t£, sI«-gnªp ImWm-X-t]mb ]ip-hns\ Xnc-¡n-\-S¶v B A½ Xma-kn¨p t]mbm "A£-a-'tbmsS Im¯n-cn-¡p¶ k¶ym-kn-am-tcbpw \mw ImWpw. Im«n X]-Ê-\p-jvTn-¨n-cp¶ Ejn-amÀ Hcp-]äw injy-K-W-§-fp-am-bn-«m-bn-cp¶p AsÃ-¦n Ign-ªn-cp¶-X.v injy-cpsS ]Wn-bm-Is« Xn\ hfÀ¯p-Ibpw hndIp tiJ-cn-¡p-Ibpw NaX sh«p-Ibpw sNSn-IÄ \«p hfÀ ¯p-Ibpw Hs¡-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v \ap¡v ImWm³ Ign-bpw. aªphogp¶ ae-a-S-¡p-I-fnse Kpl-I-fn Ign-bp¶ k¶ym-kn-amsc¸änbpw \mw ]dªp tIÄ¡m-dp-|.v Bdp amkw aªp-sIm|v aqSn-t¸mb Kpl-bn AhÀ F§s\ hkn¡pw F¶p \mw AÛpXw Iqdm-dp-|.v CXn\p asämcp cl-ky-hp-an-Ã. aªp hogp-¶-Xn\p ap¼pÅ Bdpamkw `à-sc-¯n-¨n-cp¶ kq£n¨p hbv¡m³ ]mI-¯n-ep-Å 150

h\-¯nse Xm]-kÀ

`£W km[-\§ - Ä tiJ-cn-¡p-Ib - mWv Cu k¶ym-kn-¡q-«§ - f - psS ]Wn. AXn-\m Im«nepw ta«nepw ae-bn-Sp-¡p-I-fnepw IjvS-s¸«v Ign-ªn-cp¶ k¶ym-kn-¡q-«-§Ä H¶pwXs¶ D|m-bn-«n-Ã. BcpsS-sb-¦n-epw A²zm-\-¯nsâ an¨w kw`-cn¨v AXv D]-Po-hn¨v Ignbm-\pÅ X{´-§fpw hnZy-Ifpw A`y-kn-¡p-¶-h-cmWv Ch-sc¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. asämcp ck-I-c-amb hkvXp-X, Ct¸mÄ lnam-e-b-km-\p-¡-fn XoÀ°m-S-\-¯n-\p-t]mbn Nne alm-•mÀ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-§-sf-gpXm-dp-|v. AXn AhÀ I|-Im-gN v -I-fn Ct¸mgpw k¶ym-knamcpw tbmKn-Ifpw AhnsS ]À®imeIÄsI«n ]mÀ¡p-¶Xv I| I - m-cyw hf-sc-b[ - nIw ]cm-aÀin-s¨gpXm-dp|v. XoÀ°m-S\w XpS-§p -¶Xv aªp-amdn Imem-hØ sa¨-s¸-Sp-t¼m-gm-Wv. XoÀ°m-S\w XpS-§p-¶X - n\v c|m-gN v a - p³]v ASn-hm-c§ - f - n Xma-kn-¨n-cp¶ Cu "tbmKn'IÄ ae-I-bdn ]À®-im-e-IÄsI-«n-sbm-cp¡n apÅ-pap-cn¡n\pw BWn-¸e - I - bv¡pw apI-fnÂIn-S¡ - p-Ib - mWv ]Xn-h.v CXns\bmWv ZrIvkm-£n-hn-h-c-W-t¯msS s]mSn¸pw sXm§-epw-h¨v \½psS kmln-Xy-tI-k-cn-IÄ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. AhmÀUv In-«m³ asä-s´-¦nepw thWtam!?

151

]hn-{X-am-b-Xn-t\m-SpÅ Bcm-[\

temI-¯nsâ GXp `q{]-tZ-i-§-fnepw GXv Imem-h-Øbnepw Pohn-¡p¶ `qcn-]£w a\p-jy-hm-kt - I-{µ-§f - nepw Hcp Xc-¯n-es - Ã-¦n asämcp Xc-¯n Bcm-[\ - m-k{- ¼-Zm -b-§Ä \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶-Xmbn ImWmw. aäp Pohn-IÄ¡n-Sbn hni-¸p-t]m-setbm ssewKn-IX - t - ]msetbm s]mXp -hmbn CÃm¯ H¶mWnXv. a\p-jyÀ¡v khn-tijamb Hcm-hiyw F¶ \ne-bn GXm|v A¼-Xn-\m-bncw hÀjwap¼v Bcw-`n-¨X - m-sW¶v \ap¡p \chw-ii - m-kv{X-s¯-fnhp-I-fpsS _e-¯n ]d-bm³ Ign-bpw. a\p-jy\v kl-Pambn D|mb Cu Bh-iy-sa-´mWv? \mw a\-sʶp hnfn-¡p¶ "B´-cn-I-hym-]m-c-§-fpsS BI-¯pI'bpsS ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb Bhiyw DS-se-Sp¡p-¶Xv kwL-Po-hn-IÄ¡p-Ån-em-Wv. C§s\ ]d-bm-sa¦nepw CXnsâ Ahn-Ik - n-Xc - q-]§ - Ä Cc-þB - l - mcn F¶ Zzµz-¯n Bcw-`n-¨n-«p-|m-h-Ww. "A-\ysâ D¶w' F´m sW¶v ap³Iq«n Adn-bm-\pÅ Ign-hn-s\-bmWv \mw a\Ênsâ cq]o-Ic - W - w-sIm|v AÀ°-am-¡p-¶X - .v CXv kwLPo-hn-I-fn-se-¯p-t¼mÄ IqSp-X k¦oÀ®hpw AtXt]mse IWn-ihpw Bbmte \ne-\n-e] v n\v km[y-Xb - p-Åq. kwL-¯nsâ s]mXp-hmb Bh-iy-¯n-t\m-sSm¸w AXnse Hmtcm hyàn¡pw kz´w XmXv]cyw kwc-£n-¡p-Ibpw apt¶m-«p s - Im-|p-t]m-hp-Ibpw thWw. Cu hyàn-þk - wLw XmXv]-cy-§-fpsS CW-¡hpw ]nW-¡hpw B´-cn-I-hym]m-c-§-fpsS kq£va-Xbpw k¦oÀ®-Xbpw hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI-bm-Wp-|m-bX - .v kwL-¯nÂ\n¶v A`n-¶a - mb AkvXnXzw D|m-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mįs¶ hyàn-K-X-XmXv]-cy-§Ä ]cn-c-£n-t¡-|-Xp-ap-|v. Cu kwLÀj-`-cn-X-amb `qan-Ibn-emWv a\-sʶ B´-cn-Ih - ym-]m-c¯ - nsâ cq]o-Ic - Ww \S-¶-Xv. Cu B´-cn-I-hym-]mcw `mj-bp-sSbpw kwkvImc-¯n-sâbpw hfÀ¨-tbm-sSm¸w IqSp-X k¦oÀ®hpw Xmc-X-tay\ "kzX{´'hpamb Hcp AØnXzw ssIh-cn¡p-¶p-|v.

152

]hn-{X-am-b-Xn-t\m-SpÅ Bcm-[\

CXn\p kam-´c - a - mbn Hcp kwL-¯nsâ Hcpa Dd-¸m-¡p-¶X - n\v kl-P-ambn a\p-jyÀ¡v `mj-t]mse cq]-s¸« sshIm-cn-I-Kp-WamWv ]hn-{X-amb H¶n-t\m-SpÅ aa-X. ]hn-{X-X-tbm-SpÅ Cu aa-XbpsS _mly-{]-I-S-\-amWv FÃm Bcm-[\mk{¼-Zm-b-§-fp-sSbpw ImX-embn \n¡p-¶-Xv. AXn-\m k¦oÀ®-amb kmaq-ln-I-cq]o-Ic - W - ¯ - n\p ap³]p-Xs¶ ]e X - c - ¯ - n-epÅ Bcm-[\ - m-{I-a§ - fpw \ne-\n-¶ncp-¶-Xmbn ImWmw. a\p-jysc "{]Xy-b-imkv{X']c-ambn AS-¡n-`c - n-¡m³ ]n¡m-e k - ¦ - oÀ®-ka - q-l§ - f - n cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nbXpw cq]w-sIm-|-Xp-amb coXn-bmbn am{Xw Bcm-[\mk{¼-Zm-b§sf a-\Ên-em-¡n-b-Xp-hgn Cu {]mY-an-I-amb, a\p-jy-k-l-P-amb Bhiyw ImWm-sX-t]m-bn. AXp-sIm-|mWv F{X XpS-¨mepw ho|pw ho|pw Hcp Xc-¯n-e-sÃ-¦n asäm-cp- X-c-¯n Bcm-[\m-k-{¼-Zm-b-§Ä {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. k¦oÀ®-am-b, X«p-X-«m-bpÅ kmaq-ln-I-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯mÂ, GIo-Ir-X-amb henb cmPy-\nÀ½m-W-¯n\v XSÊw t\cn-«Xv ]cnl-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn "GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw' F§-s\-bp-|mbn F¶v \mw ap³]v kqNn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p. ]t£, Cu Bh-iy-§Äs¡Ãmw FSp¯p-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ ]mI-¯n "]hn-{X-am-b-Xn-t\m-SpÅ aaX' F¶pw e`y-am-bn-cp-¶p. FÃm-¯cw aX-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-§sfbpw Xpc-¯n-tbm-Sn-¨mepw "]hn-{X-am-b-Xn-t\m-SpÅ aaX' a\p-jy-k-aq-l ¯ - nsâ GIo-Ic - W - a - {- ´-sa¶ \ne-bn \ne-\n-e¡ v p-IX - s¶ sN¿pw.

XpS-¡-§-fn-Ãm¯ {]]-©-¯nÂ, XpS¡w \nÝ-b-ambpw Bhiy-amb a\p-jyÀ¡v, Ah-cpsS B´-cn-Ia - mb Hcpa A\p-`h - n-¸n-¡p¶ ]hn-{X-am-b-Xn-t\m-SpÅ aaX Hcp Bh-iy-sa¶ \ne-bn D|mbXmWv. A¼-e-¯n-en-cn-¡p¶ hn{K-l-§Ä \mw \nÀ½n-¨-Xm-W-¶dnªv HcmÄ FSp¯pIf-bp-t¼mÄ AXn Btcm-]n-X-amb Cu aaX DÄt¨À¶n-cn-¡p-¶X - n-\m-emWv \jvSt- _m[hpw Ipä-t_m-[hpw ]e-t¸mgpw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶Xv. Hcp-Xc - ¯ - n-ep-apÅ ssZh-hn-izmkw {]N-cn-¸n-¡m-Xn-cp-¶ _p²sâ hn{K-l-§Ä temI-sa-¼mSpw \nd-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v asäm-¶Ã ImcWw. hn{K-l-§-sfÃmw X¨p-S¨v GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw am{Xw {]N-cn¸n¨ apl-½-Zv\-_n-bpsS aX-¯n C¶v B Øm\w hln-¡p-¶Xv JpÀB-s\¶ ]pkvX-I-am-Wv. AsXm¶v I¯n-¡p-Itbm hen-¨p Iodp-Itbm sN¿pI At¸mÄ ImWmw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-Ãm-¯-hcpsS hodv. asäm¶v J_-dp-I-fm-Wv. C\n, ssZh-hn-izm-khpw aX-hnizm-khpw H¶p-an-Ãm¯ "Imd amÀIvknsâ aX'¯n sNs¦mSn¡v Cu Øm\-am-Wp-Å-Xv. sNs¦mSn Iayq-Wn-Ìp-Im-c\p ap¶n hen-¨p-Iodn Xmg-¯n«p Nhn-«n-bm "shdp-samcp Iod-¡-j-W-amb XpWn-btÃ' F¶p hnNm-cn¨v AS-§n-bn-cn-¡m³ AhÀ¡p Ign-bm153

a\pjycdnbm³

Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Cu ]hn-{X-am-bX - n-t\m-SpÅ aaX Imc-Wa - m-Wv. cmjv{S§-fpsS ]Xm-I-Ifpw tZio-b-Km-\-§fpw Cu aa-X-bpsS {]I-SnX cq]-§-fm-Wv. Ahsb Ah-tl-fn-¨m Xq¡p-acw \nÝ-bw.

C¯cw {]I-Sn-X-cq-]-§-sfm-¶p-an-Ãm¯ X¯z-Nn-´-I-•m-cpsS kt½-f-\-¯n "ka-Xz'sa¶pw "P\m-[n-]-Xy'-sa¶pw Hs¡-bpÅ B[p-\n-Im-i-b-§-tfm-SpÅ {]Xn-_-²-Xbpw aqey-t_m-[-hp-ambn Cu aa-Xm-t_m[w \ne-sIm-Åpw. AXns\ \n§-sfm¶p sXm«pt\m-¡pI. B \nanjw "kam-[m-\-]qÀ®'amb kt½-f\w s]s«¶v NqSp-]n-Sn-¡p-Ibpw s]m«n-s¯-dn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Hcp Imense a´v adp-Im-en-te¡p amän -{]-Xn-jvTn-¡p-¶Xp am{X-amWv ]hn-{X-amb-Xn-t\m-SpÅ aa-Xsb Hgn-hm-¡m-\pÅ FÃm ]mgv{i-a§ - f - pw. bYmÀ °-¯nÂ, CXv Hgn-hm-t¡| Hcp aqey-a-Ã, Hgn-hm-¡m³ B{K-ln¨m Hgn-hm-Ip-¶-Xp-aà adn¨v, AsX-´m-sW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡pI am{X-amWv \ap¡v sN¿m³ Ign-bp-¶-Xv. H¶n-¸n-¡p-¶, Hcp-a-b-\p-`-hn-¸n¡p¶ Hcp kzm`m-hnIaqey-ambn CXns\ a\Ênem¡n-bmÂ, AXv \ap¡v kl-P-am-sW¶pw Xncn¨dnªmÂ, AsXm-gn-hm-¡m-\pÅ ]mgv{i-a¯ - nÂ\n¶pw \½Ä¡v ]n³Xn-cn-bmw. ]pd-s¯mcp hkvXp-hn Btcm-]n-¨mWv \mw CXns\ BZy- I m- e - § - f n kmaqly- h Xv I - c n- ¨ - X v . Im«nse Hcp IÃn \n¶m-cw-`n¨ Cu {]{Inb, _nw_-§f - n-eq-sSbpw Iem-kr-jvSn-If - n-eqsSbpw kaq-lnI-hn-Imk¯ns\m¸w hfÀ¶v C¶v Aaq-À¯-amb cmjv{S-t_m-[-ambpw kaXzw, kvt\lw, P\m-[n-]Xyw apX-emb Bi-b-§-fnepw F¯n-t¨À¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. IÃnepw _nw_-§-fnepw IpSp-§n-¡n-S-¡p¶ Cu Hcp-a-a{´w amän B[p-\nI Bi-b-¯n {]Xn-jvTn-¡m-\pÅ "]ptcm-K-a-\'-¡m-cpsS {iaw A{X-sb-fp-¸-a-Ã.

Hmtcm {]tZ-i-§Ä¡-\p-kr-X-ambn ]e-Xcw Hcp-a-I-Ä F§-s\-bp|mbn F¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-b-tÃm. B Hcp-a-IÄ X½n-epÅ aÕ-c-sam-gn-hm-¡m-\mWv B[p-\nI aqey-§-fmb cmjv{S-kvt\-lw, kaXzw, P\m-[n-]Xyw apX-em-bh D|m-b-sX¶pw \mw I|p-I-gnªp. AXp-t]mse kaqlw ]e- X-«p-I-fmbn¯s¶-bmWv C¶pw hnI-kn-¡p-¶-sX¶pw \mw Xncn-¨-dn-ªpsIm-|p-thWw FÃm ]p¯³ GIo-I-c-W-{i-ahpw \S-t¯-|Xv. AXn-\m ]hn-{X-am-bXns\ \mw Hgn-hm-¡p--Ibà adn¨v, AXns\ IqSp-X hnim-ehpw kq£vahpw AaqÀ¯-hp-am¡n hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. C§s\ hnI-kn-¸n-¡p¶ Cu AaqÀ¯ -sFIyw aäpÅ sNdp-hr¯-§sf XpS¨p \o¡n-söpw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Hcp-]-t£, hfsc \o| Hcp Ime-b-f-hn A§s\ kw`-hn-¨p-Iq-sS-¶p-an-Ã; ]t£, hfsc AaqÀ¯-am-b-co-Xn-bn Cu ]hn-{X-a-aX XpSp-cp-IXs¶ sN¿pw.

154

tImf-\n-hXvI-c-W-¯nse tcmKm-Wp-]ÀÆw

kXy-¯nÂ, a[y-Im-eb - q-tdm-¸n Zmcn{ZywsIm|v s]mdpXn ap«nb P\X c£-s¸-Sm-\mbn hÅ-§-fn Ibdn \mep]mSpw temI-t¯¡v Xpg-ªp-t]mb {]{In-b-sb-bmWv \mw C¶v tImf-\n-hXvI-cWw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. hnIvSÀ bqtKm-bp-sSbpw NmÄkv Un¡³kn-sâbpw t\mh-ep-Ifn F{X `oXn-X-amb Zmcn-{Zy-amWv A¶m-«nse P\X A\p-`-hn-¨n-cp-¶-sX¶v \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. AtXt]m-se, B[p-\nI kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS hnIm-k-amWv Cu ]em-b-\-¯n\pw aäp P\-§-fpsS apI-fn-epÅ ta ss¡¡pw Ahsc klm-bn-¨-sX¶pw ImWmw. Irjn-bpsS h³hn-P-b-amWv bqtdm-¸nse P\-kw-JymhÀ²-\-bv¡v Imc-W-am-bn-¯oÀ¶-Xv. Aan-X-amb P\-kwJym-hÀ²\Xs¶-bmWv ISp¯ Zmcn-{Zy-¯n-te¡v kaqls¯ \bn-¨-Xpw. \ne-\n-e] v n-\m-h-iy-amb a\p-jy-k-aq -l-¯nsâ {]b-Xv\-amWv kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS s]m«n -s¯-dn¡p Imc-W-am-b-Xv. tXms¡¶ Hscmä Bbp-[¯nsâ I|p-]n-Sn-¯-amWv bqtdm-¸nÂ\n¶v HmSn-t¸m¶ P\-Xbv¡v temIw Iogvs]-Sp-¯m³ Ign-ª-Xn\p {][m\-amb Hcp Imc-Ww. Hcp hn`mKw P\Xbv¡v {]_-e-cmbn-cp¶ aäp P\-X-Isf Iog-S-¡m³ Hscmä kmt¦-Xn-IhnZy F§- s \- b mWv klm- b Ic- a m- b n `hn- ¨ Xv F¶v ImW-Ww. \qdn\pw Ccp-¶q-dn\pw CS-bn-epÅ tXm¡p-[mcn-If - mb Cu P\X e£-¡W - ¡ - n\p hcp¶ Ata-cn-¡³ P\-Xsb Iog-S-¡n-b-Xn\pw CXp-X-s¶-bmWv {][m\ Imc-Ww. temI-sa-¼m-Sp-apÅ cmPy-§-fn Cu Hscmä I|p-]n-Sn¯w AhÀ¡v taÂss¡ t\Sn-s¡m-Sp-¯p.

F¶mÂ, hyXykvXkaq-l-§Ä ]c-k] v cw k¼À¡w ]peÀ¯p-t¼mÄ kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw A\p-`-h-Úm-\§fpw kwkvIm-c-§fpw am{X-aà ssIamäw sN¿-s¸-Smdp-Å-Xv. \½-tfm-sSm¸w hfÀ¶v \½sf D]-tbm-Kn¨v Pohn¨p-t]m-cp¶ kl-{k-¡W - ¡ - n-\pÅ kq£vaP - o-hn-If - p-ap-|.v aäp kaq-l-§-fn F¯n-t¨-cm-\mbn X¡w-]mÀ¯n-cn155

a\pjycdnbm³

¡p¶ ChscbmWv atäXp hnZy-I-tf-¡mfpw Hcp kaqlw asämcp kaq-l¯ - n-te¡v ssIamäw sN¿p-¶X - v. Cu ssIam-ä¯ - nepw kXy¯n Hc-k-´p-en-Xm-h-Ø-bp-|v. tKm{X-kw-kvIm-c-¯n Ignbp¶, AXm-bXv Irjn hnI-kn-¸n-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ Hcp kaq-l-s¯, ImÀjn-I-kw-kvImcw {]_-e-s¸«v \K-c-hXvI-cWw \S¶ Hcp kaqlw Is|-¯p-t¼mÄ, Bbp-[§ - Ä¡p-]cn tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡msc XIÀ¯p-If - b - p-¶Xv \mK-cnI kaq-l¯ - nsâ ssIh-ia - p-Å, AhÀ ¡p-t]mepw AÚm-X-am-b, Hcp h³ Bbp-[-amWv, kq£va-Po-hnI-fmb tcmKm-Wp-¡Ä. tcmKm-Wp-¡-fpsS P\n-X-I-amb Adn-hp-IÄ \ap-¡n-¶p-|v.

AhÀ ]cn-W-an¨v IqSp-X iàcpw A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-cp-ambn amdp¶-sX-§n-s\-sb¶v \ap-¡n¶v Adn-bmw. Im«n Ign-bp¶ ]¶n¡pw tImgn¡pw ]c-k] v -c-k-¼À¡-an-Ã. ]«n¡pw ]q¨bv¡pw ]c-k] v -ck-¼À¡-an-Ã, IpXn-cbv¡pw ]ip-hn\pw ]c-k] v -c-k-¼À¡-an-Ã. ]t£, Hcp ImÀjnI kaq-l-¯n Hcp Iqcbv¡p Iognepw AXn\p-Np-äp-ambpw \mw Chsb H¶n-¨p-sIm-|p-h-cp-¶p. ]ip-hns\ sXm«-Xn-\p-tijw ]«nsb Xtem-Spw, ]q¨sb aS-bnÂhbv¡pw kz´w Ip«n¡v D½-sIm-Sp-¡pw, tImgn¡v hk´ ht¶m F¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¡pw. C§-s\-sbmcp kml-Ncyw a\p-jy-cpsS ImÀjnIkw-kvIm-c¯ - n-\p-ap¼v Hcn-¡epw D|m-bn-«n-Ã. kq£va - P - o-hn-If - psS ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb NmI-c-bv¡mWv CXv CSw \evIn-b-Xv. Hcp Pohn-bnÂ\n¶v asämcp Pohn-bn-te¡v NmSn ]pXnb hmlI-scbpw Dĸ-cn-hÀ¯-\-¯m ]p¯³ cq]-t`-Z-§Ä kwL-Sn-¸n¡m\pw AhÀ¡v CXp-hgn Ign-ªp. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m temI¯v FÃm hÀjhpw s]m«n-¸p-d-s¸-Sp¶ hnhn-[-bn\w ]\n-I-fp-sSbpw Dd-hnSw Cu ImÀjn-I-k-aq-l-§-fm-Wv. s]m«n-¸p-d-s¸-Sp¶ ]p¯³ ]-\n-Isf temI-sa-¼mSpw F¯n-¡p-¶Xv C¶s¯ hym]m-c-k-aql-hpw.

C§s\ kq£va-Po-hn-I-fp-ambn Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p hÀj§ÄsIm|v CS-s]«v cq]-s¸« {]Xn-tcm-[-§-fp-ambn Hcp hnI-knX-ImÀjnIkaqlw, C¯cw {]Xn-tcm-[-§-sfm¶p-an-Ãm¯ Hcp tKm{X-hÀ¤ kaq-ls¯ I|p-ap-«-t¼mÄ tXm¡nsâ Bhiyw Xs¶ D|m-Im-dn-Ã. Hcp lkvX-Zm-\tam Npw_-\tam am{XwaXn Ah-cpsS kaq-e-\m-i-¯n\p hgn-sbm-cp-¡m³. tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯m¯ ]qÀÆ-Im-e-N-cn-{X-¯n C¯c-¯n-epÅ hfsc `oI-c-amb CS-s]S-ep-IÄ D|m-bn«p|mIWw, \nÝbw.

F¶m tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«pÅ Ncn-{X-¯nse Gähpw henb A]-IS - § - Ä kw`-hn-¨Xv kvs]bn-\nÂ\n¶pw Ata-cn-¡b - n-se-¯nt¨À¶ sImfw_kpw Abm-fpsS ]n³Km-an-Ifpw Ata-cn-¡-bnse 156

tImf-\n-hXvI-c-W-¯nse tcmKm-Wp-]ÀÆw

tKm{X-hÀ¤-§Ä¡n-S-bn ]SÀ¯nb akqcn F¶ amc-I-tcm-K -am-Wv. Cu tcmK-amWv tXm¡n-\p-]cn B P\-Xsb XIÀ¯p-I-fª-Xv. F¶mÂ, Ahn-tSbpw ImÀjn-I-hr-¯n-sIm|v hnI-kn-X-ambn-cp¶ kaq-l¯nÂ\n¶pw Hcp k¼mZyw bqtdm-]y-•mÀ¡pw e`n-¡p-I-bp-|m-bn. AXv ]d-¦n-¸p®v F¶v \½psS \m«n {]kn²-amb kn^n-enkv tcmK-am-bn-cp-¶p. kn^n-enkv bqtdm-¸n-emsI acWw hnX¨v \r¯-am-Sn-b-t¸mÄ Ata-cn-¡³ tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡msc akq-cn-sb¶ amcn-b½ XoÀ¯pw Bl-cn¨pIf-ªp. a\p-jyN-cn-{Xs¯ C{X-b-[nIw kzm[o-\n-¡p-Ibpw amän-a-dn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«pÅ Cu kq£va-Po-hn-I-fpsS IS-¶p-I-b-ä-§sf Cu ASp¯ Ime¯phsc-bpÅ Ncn-{X-Im-c-•mÀ Xncn-¨-dn-ªn-t«-bp|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. C¶v B{^n-¡-sb¶ h³`qJ-WvUs¯ ]«n-Wn-bpsSbpw Zpcn-X¯ - n-sâbpw \Sp-¡S- e - n XÅn-hn-«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv sImtfmWn-be - n-ktam km{am-Py-Xztam AÃ. adn-¨,v ate-dn-bbpw FbnUvkpw BsW¶v \mw Xncn-¨-dn-tb-|-Xp-|v.

157

sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-¯nsâ hmkvX-h-Nn{Xw

B{^n-¡³ `qJ-WvU-¯nÂ\n¶p ]pd-s¸«v `qan-bpsS \mep-]mSpw NnX-dn-t¸mb a\p-jy-hw-i-¯nsâ ]c-k] v -c-Is|-¯-ep-I-fmWv ]n¡me Ncn-{Xs¯ Gä-hp-a-[nIw \nÀ®-bn-¨-Xv. aªp-aq-Snb AâmÀ«n-¡³ `qJ-WvU-samgn¨v asäÃm `qJ-WvU-§-fnepw F¯n-t¨À¶v AXm-Xp-{]tZ-i-¯n-\-\p-kr-X-ambn hnImkw {]m]n¨ a\p-jy-¡q-«w Fhn-sS-sbÃmw ]c-k] v cw k¼À¡w ]peÀ¯n-bn-cpt¶m Ahn-sS-sbÃmw kmaq-ln-I-amb h³hn-I-k-\-¡p-Xn-¸pIÄ \S-¯n-bn-«p-|v. Hä-s¸« Xpcp-¯p-I-fnepw ]c-k] v cw Is|-¯m³ Ign-bm¯ ae-ta-Sp-I-fnepw hf-sc-b-[nIw thdn«p \n¶n-cp¶ Bkvt{Senb³ `qJ-WvU¯ - nepw s]«pt]mb a\p-jyÀ s]mXp-hmb a\p-jy-hn-Ik - \ - {- ]-{In-bbv¡v hnt[-bc - m-Im³ Ign-bmsX ]n¶Wn-bn XÅ-s¸-«s - X-§s\-sb¶v \mw t\ct¯ I|p-I-gn-ª-tÃm.

B{^n-¡þþbqtdjy taJ-e-bnÂs]« a\p-jyÀ ]c-kv ]-c-k-¼À¡-¯m kmaq-ln-I-]pjvSn {]m]n-¡p-I-bp|m-bn. Ic-amÀ¤-apÅ _Ô-§Ä¡p-]cn h³I-¸-ep-IfpsS I|p-]n-Sp¯w Cu kmaq-ln-Ik - ¼ - À¡-¯n\v henb B¡w \ÂIn. BZyw ssN\-bnepw C´y-bnepw ]ns¶ Atd-_y-bnepw AXn-\p-tijw bqtdm-¸nepw D|mb kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS Is|-¯-ep-IÄ Cu I¸ÂK-XmKX kuI-cy-¯nsâ hnI-k-\-¯m `qcn-]£w {]tZ-i§-fnepw F¯n-t¨-cp-I-bp-|m-bn. hym]mcw e£y-am¡n aäp {]tZ-i-§-fn-te¡p ]pd-s¸« Cu "IpSn-tb-ä-¡mÀ' ]n¡m-e¯v sImtfm-Wn-b-en-Ìp-IÄ F¶p am{X-amWv Adn- b - s ¸- S p- ¶ - X v . ssN\m- ¡ mcpw Atd- _ y- ¡ mcpw "sImtfm-Wn-b-en-Ìp-IÄ' Bbn amdm-Xn-cp-¶-Xn\v {][m\ Imc-Ww \mw ap³]p kqNn-¸n¨ tXms¡¶ kmt¦-XnI hnZy-bpsS A`mhw am{X-am-Wv. `c- W - I q- S - § Ät]mepw CÃmXn- c p¶ Bkv t {S- e n- b t - ]m-epÅ {]tZ-i§ - f - n tXm¡p-am-sb-¯n-bh - À¡v GXncm-fn-I-tf-bp-|m-bn-«n-Ã. AhÀXs¶-bmWv ]n¶oSv FÃmw 158

sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-¯nsâ hmkvX-h-Nn{Xw

\nÀ®-bn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. F¶m C´y-t]m-epÅ {]tZ-i-§-fn \qdp-IW-¡n-\pÅ hÀj-§-fnse D]-Pm-]-§Ä¡pw t]mcm-«-§Ä¡pw h³bp-²-§Ä¡pwtij-amWv bYmÀ°-¯n \mw "tImf-\n-hXv I-cWw' F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ {]{Inb kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. BZy-ambn I¸en-d§n \qä³]XvhÀj-sa-¦nepw Ign-ª-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv C´ybn CuÌv C´ym I¼\nbnÂ\n¶v {_n«ojv `c-W-IqSw `c-W-tasä-Sp-¡p-¶X.v Ae-Ik v m-|d - psS Ime¯v {Kokp-hn«v C-´y-bn-se-¯n -bmÂ, hcp¶ hgn-bn GÀs¸-Sp-¯nb FÃm `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\hpw Xncn-sI-t¸mbn ho|pw Dd-¸n-t¡| KXn-tISv Ae-Ivkm-|À¡v D|m-hp-I-Xs¶ sNbvXp. `cWw "Dd-¸n-¡pI' Ffp-¸-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]n¡m-e-km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS hfÀ¨-bmWv "km{am-Py-§Ä' \nÀ½n-¡m³ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Isf Ign-hp-Å-h-cm-¡n-¯oÀ¯-Xv. thK-ta-dnb bm{Xm-ku-Ic - y-§fpw Bi-bh - n-\n-ab amÀ¤-§fpw D ¸m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bnse hfÀ¨bpw Øncw tk\m-hn-`m-K-§sf AXXp {]tZ-i§ - f - n kwL-Sn-¸n-¡m\pw Øm]n-¡m\pw ]n¡me `c-Wm[n-]• - msc {]m]vXc - m-¡n. Ch-bpsS A`m-ha - mWv BZy-Im-e- hym-]m c - n-IÄ hym]m-cn-If - m-bn-¯p-Sc - p-¶X - n\pw sImtfm-Wn-be - n-Ìp-If - mbn amdm-Xn-cp-¶X - n\pw Imc-Ww. AÃmsX Ah-cn \nln-Xa - mb Fs´¦nepw "\•'sIm|-Ã.

C´y³ k{am-«p-IÄ ISÂI-S-¡m-Xn-cp-¶Xv _pt²m-]-tZiw tIt«m D]-\n-j¯v Dcp-hnt«m AhÀ kam-[m-\-{]n-btcm A{I-a-hncp-²tcm Bbn¯oÀ¶Xp-sIm-|-Ã, \à I¸-ep-IÄ \nÀ½n-¡m \pÅ kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-IÄ kzmb-¯-am-¡n-bn-cp-¶nà F¶-Xp-sIm|m-Wv. A¡m-c-W-¯m Ah-cpsS km{am-Py-§Ä, ap³Ime Imwt_m-Pa - m-bn-cp¶ Iwt_m-Un-b- ap-X ap³-Ime KmÔmcambncp¶ JWvU-lmÀ AS-§p¶ A^vKm-\n-Øm³hsc-bm-bn-cp-¶p hnI-kn-¡m-dp-|m-bn-cp-¶Xv. cmam-b-W-sa-gp-Xnb hnZzm³ sXt¡C-´y-sb¶ `qhn-`mKw Hcn-¡Ât]mepw I|n«n-Ãm- sb¶v cmae£vaW-•m-cpsS bm{Xmhn-h-c-W-§fnÂ\n¶pw tkXp sI«m³ hm\-ctk\ ]dn¨psIm|p-h¶ sNSn-If - p-sSbpw ac-§f - p-sSbpw hnh-cW § - f - nÂ\n¶pw kq£vaZ- r-¡p-IÄ¡v Is|¯m³ Ign-bpw. C¶s¯ hSt¡ C´y- DĸsS Ing¡v ]Sn-ªmdv hnI-kn¨ Cu km{am-Py§-sfÃmwXs¶ hnÔy-s\¶ tacp-hnÂX«n Xmtgm-«v, AXm-bXv sXt¡m«v hfÀ¶n-cp-¶nà F¶pw \mw AdnbWw. bqtdm-]y³ "sImtfm-Wn-b iàn-IÄ' hcp-t¼m-fp-|m-bn-cp¶ apKÄkm-{amPyw-t]mepw ssl{Z-_mZv hsctb F¯n-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. Bbn-c¡ - W - ¡n\v \m«p-cm-Py-§fpw Ahn-sSbpanhn-sSbpw s]m«n-ap-f¨v hnI-kn¨-kvX-an¨ Nne km{am-Py-§-fp-ambn NnX-dn-¡n-S-¶n-cp¶ Hcp `qhn - ` m- K - s ¯ Hcp `c- W - k w- h n- [ m- \ - ¯ n\p Iogn sIm|p- h ¶v 159

a\pjycdnbm³

C¶s¯ C´yt]mepw \nÀ½n-¨Xv {_n«o-jp-Im-cm-Wv. cmPy-\nÀ½mW-¯n-\p-t]mepw \mw Ah-tcmSv IS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. sImtfm-Wn-b-en-ks¯ \ntj-[m-ß-I-amb Hcp {]{In-b-bmbn am{Xw I|v C¶v hyh-lc - n-¡p-¶X - n-\m ]c-k] v ck¼À¡-¯nsâ km[y-X-I-fmb hym]m-cw, kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS ssIam-äw, P´pPo-hnhÀK§fpsS ssIam-äw, kky-hr£[m\y-^-e-aq-em-Zn-I-fpsS ssIamäw B[p- \ nI `c- W - k w- h n- [ m- \ ¯nsâbpw \oXnhyh ØbpsSbpw kwØm-]\w F¶n-h-sIm-|p-|mb a\p-jy-k-aq -l-¯nsâ s]mXp-hmb IpXn-¨p-Nm-«s¯ \mw ImWmsX t]mIp¶Xv ]Xn-hm-Wv. "IpSn-tb-ä-¡mÀ' F¶ {]tbm-K-¯nepw Cu \ntj[m-ß-I-amb hi-ap-|v. "BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-IÄ' AsÃ-¦n "BZn-hmkn-IÄ' F¶ Iptd a\p-jyÀ Ahn-sSÃmw s]m«n-ap-f-¨p-|m-b-Xm -sW¶pw Ah-cpsS {]tZ-i-§-fn-seÃmw aäp-Å-hÀ IS-¶p-I-b-dn-bXm-sW¶pw DÅ [z\n a\p-jyÀ X½n-epÅ ]c-k] v -c-k-¼À¡¯nsâ \ntj-[-h-is¯ am{Xta Ipdn-¡p-¶p-Åq. BZyw Bcp h¶p F¶-Xp-am-{X-amWv Cu BZn-hm-k-Xz-¯n-ep-Åq.

Irjn-bpsS I|p-]n-Sp-¯hpw Aev]-kzev]w kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-IfpsS I|p-]n-Sp-¯hpw hnIk\§fpw a²y-[-c-Wym-gn- {]-tZ-i §Ä¡pNpäpw kw`-hn-¨-sXm-gn-¨m B{^n¡hn«v FÃm-bn-Shpw F¯n-t¨À¶ a\p-jy-scÃmw ]«n-Wn-¡mÀXs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p. Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hÀj-§Ä¡p ap³]m-cw-`n¨v Hcp Bbncw hÀjwap¼phsc Ahn-tS-bp- a n- h n- sSbpw IqWp- I Ät]mse apf¨ps]m´n AkvX-an-¨n-cp-¶ a\p-jy-kw-kvIm-c-§-fpsS Ime-hpam-bn-cp-¶p AXv. \K-c-§Ä \in-¡msX A\p-kyqXw hf-cm-\pÅ Ignhv Cu Ah-km-\s¯ Bbncw hÀj-§-fn am{X-am-Wp|mb-Xv. AXpXs¶ hym]m-c-§ÄsIm|pw kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS ssIamäw sIm|pw ]c-k] v cw k¼À¡-¯n-teÀs¸-«h - c - psS CSbn am{X-hpw. \½psS \mSv FSp-¯m £ma-¯n-s\-¸-änbpw hdp-Xn-sb-¸änbpw DÅ IY-IÄ [mcmfw D|m-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn ImWmw. Ch-bv s¡Ãmw Adp-Xn-h¶p XpS-§n-bXv \mw ]d-bp¶ Cu tImf-\n-hX - I v -c-W-¯n\ptij-am-Wv. Dcp-f-¡n-g-§v, I¸-e|n, IS-¨-¡, ioa-¨-¡, ]d-¦n-b-|n, häÂap-f-Iv, ac-¨o\n XpS-§nb [mcmfw `£y-h-kvXp¡Ä Chn-sS-sb-¯n-t¨À¶-Xv Cu tImf-\n-hXvI-cWw F¶-dn-bs¸-Sp¶ a\p-jy-Ip-Sn-tbäwsIm|m-Wv. Ch-sbÃmw Hgn-hm-¡nb Hcp N´-sb-¸än \ap-¡n¶v kz]v\w ImWp-hm³IqSn Ign-bn-Ã.

A§-s\-bmWv \½psS ]«n-Wnbpw £ma-hp-sams¡ bYmÀ°¯n amdn-bX - .v sXt¡ Ata-cn-¡b - n D|mb Dcp-f¡ - n-g§v C¶v bqtdm-¸nsâ ASn-Øm\ `£-W-am-Wv. kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS ssIamäamIs« F¬]-Xp-i-X-am-\-¯n\p apI-fn t]mIpw. 160

sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-¯nsâ hmkvX-h-Nn{Xw

C¶v tIc-f¯ - nsâ Xmgvhmc-§f - n hkn-¡p¶ Ipsd-t]À ImSp -I-fn hkn-¡p¶ BZn-hm-kn -Ip-Sn-ep-I-fn t]mbn F´v sImÅb-Sn-¡m-\mWv? ]mhw BZn-hm-kn-IÄ acw Ib-dn-sb-Sp¯ tXt\m, Im«n InS¶p In«nb Hcm-\-s¡mt¼m D|m-bm Bbn. Ah-scs¡m|v AhnsS D|m-¡nb \ne-§-fn ASn-a-¸Wn sN¿n-¡mw.

AÃmsX hnI-knX kaq-l§ - Ä¡v sImÅ-bS- n-¡m-\pÅ kzs¯m¶pw Ah-cpsS ]¡-ep-|m-In-Ã. Im«nse ISp-h-bpsS sXmen-bp-cn-sªSp-¡mw, ]t£ AXns\ sImÅ-bS- n-¡m-\m-In-Ã. Cu Ah-Øb - mWv Cu sImtfm-Wn-b-en-Ìp-IÄ tIc-f-¯n hcp-t¼mÄ \½psS CSbn s]mXpth D|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. taÂkq-Nn-¸n¨ kmt¦-XnIhnZyIÄ AXXp {]tZ-i-§-fn {]tbm-Kn-¨p¸m-Zn-¸n¨ kz¯nsâ ]¦mWv bYmÀ°-¯n Cu tImf-\n-¡mÀ Ah-cpsS kz´w \m«ntebv¡p sIm|p-t]m-bn-cp-¶X - .v Irjn-t]mepw hnI-kn-¨n-«n-Ãm-bn-cp¶ {]tZ-i-§-fn "sImÅ-b-Sn¨p' sIm|p-t]m-Im³ Bcm-[-\m-e-b -§-fn "Ip¶p-Iq-«n-bn-cp¶' Aev]w kzÀ®hpw Ipd¨p cXv\-§-fpam-bn-cp¶p bYmÀ°-¯n D|m-bn-cp-¶X - v. AXXp {]tZ-i§ - f - n F¯n-t¨À¶ Cu sImtfm-Wn-be - n-Ìp-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n¨ Irjn-t¯m«-§fpw hyh-kmb Øm]-\-§fpw ASn-Øm-\-ku-I-cy-§-fmb tdmUv, ]mew, Xpd-ap-Jw, sdbnÂ, sshZyp-Xn, AW-s¡-«p-IÄ, hmÀ¯m-hn-\n-a-b-ku-I-cy-§Ä, B[p-\nI `cWkwhn-[m-\-§Ä, \oXn-\ym-bt- ¡m-SX - n-IÄ XpS-§n-bh - b - p-amWv C¶v Hmtcm \m«n-tâ-bpw bYmÀ° kz¯p-¡Ä.

Fhn- s S- s bÃmw "km{am- P yXzw' "AhÀ¡p- t h|n' C¯cw \nt£]w \S-¯m-Xn-cp-¶pthm Ahn-sS-sbÃmw kzmX{´yw t\Snb ]qÀÆ-Im-e-tIm-f-\n-IÄ inem-bp-K-§-fn Pohn-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw, DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v `qcn-]£w B{^n-¡³ "tImf-\n-cm-Py-§Ä'. tIcf-¯nse tXbn-e, Im¸n, dºÀ tXm«-§Ä Hgn-hm¡n H¶p Nn´n¨p-t\m-¡p-I. bqtdm-¸n-ep-Å-hÀ Chn-sS-sb-¯p-t¼mÄ kzm`m-hn-Iambn \½psS ImSp-If - n hfÀ¶n-cp¶ Ipcp-ap-fI,v Gew XpS-§nb kpK- Ô - { Z- h y- § Ä ]dn- ¨ p- s Im- S p- ¡ p- ¶ - X n- e p- ] cn Ch- s bm¶pw ImÀjn-Im-Sn-Øm-\¯ - n hfÀ¯n-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. BsI Adn-bm-am-bncp¶ Htc-sbmcp Irjn {_mÒ-WÀ ]pe-b-sc-bp-]-tbm-Kn¨v \S-¯nbn-cp¶ Aev]-kzev]w s\ÂIrjn am{X-am-Wv. C¶v \mw ImWp¶ Irjn k{¼-Zm-b¯ - n\v Cu "sImÅ-'b-Sn-¨n-cp¶ sImtfm-Wn-be - n-ÌpI-tfmSv \µn ]d-tb|n hcpw.

B[p-\n-Ih - n-Zym-`ymkw, \oXn-\ymbtImS-Xn-IÄ, bm{Xm-ku-Ic - y§Ä FÃm-än\pw Ah-tcmSv IS-s¸-tS-|n-h-cpw. PmXn-bn-e-Sn-Øm-\s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp¶ cmPm-hnsâ CjvSa - mb \oXn-t_m-[¯ - n\p ]Icw Hcp cmPys¯ ]uc-•m-cm-¡n-¯oÀ¡p¶ B[p-\nI `c-W-kw-hn161

a\pjycdnbm³

[m-\-¯n\v \mw Ah-tcmSv IS-s¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ Imcyhpw ad-¡-cp-Xv. sImtfm-Wn-be - nkw F¶ ]cn-Ie - ] v \ - bpsS \ntj-[a - q-eys¯ DbÀ ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn\p]Icw Cu IpSn-tb-ä-¯m Df-hmb B[p\nI a\p-jy-hn-Im-k-s¯-bmWv \mw DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-t¡-|Xpw apt¶m-«p-sIm-|p-t]m-tI-|X - pw. Cu B[p-\nI ]uc-t_m-[¯n\pw \oXn-kw-hn-[m-\¯n\pw H¸w Ata-cn-¡b - n A{_-lmw-en-¦¬sâ Ime¯p \S-¸n-emb ASnahym]mc\ntcm-[\ \nba¯nsâ Aesbm-en-IÄ IqSn-t¨À¶v temI-sa¼mSpw hoin-bS- n-¨X - n-\m \½psS \m«nepw PmXn-bpsS t]cn \ne\n¶n-cp¶ ASn-a-k-{¼-Zm-b-¯n\v Adp-Xn-hc - m³ XpS-§n. sImtfm-Wn-be - n-ks¯ \ntj-[a - mbn am{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡msX B ]c-k] v c - k - ¼ - À¡w Hmtcm kaq-l¯ - n\pw \ Inb [\m-ß-I-h-iw-IqSn ImWm³ \mw ]cn-io-en-t¡-|-Xp-|v.

"A\yÀ' \t½mSv sNbvXs - XÃmw "A]-cm-[hpw A\o-Xnbpw' \½psS P\-X-tbmSv \mw sNbvX-sXÃmw "kwkvIm-chpw BNm-c-hp-'ambn ImWp¶ {]tZ-ih - m-Zþ- s - Im-tfm-Wn-bÂhncp² I®S amtä| Imew AXn-{I-an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.

162

]ptcm-KXn "sh¨-Sn-sh¨Sn' apt¶-ä-aÃ

a\p-jy-k-aqlw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnÂ\n¶v ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te¡v Ft¸mgpw apt¶-dn-s¡m-|n-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW¶v tXm¶pwhn[w X¯z-Nn-´I - À ]eXpw ]dªp ]nSn-¸n-¨n-«p-|.v ]t£, ]c-k] v -c-k-¼À¡w þþ AXv bp²¯n\mbm-epw ASn-a-¡¨-hS- ¯ - n-\m-bmepw hym]m-c¯ - n-\m-bmepw þþ XpSÀ¶n-cp¶ kaq- l - § Ä¡n- S - b n-  am{Xta C¯- c - s amcp hfÀ¨ ImWp-hm³ Ign-bp-Ib - p-Åq. kmt¦-Xn-Ih - n-Zy-bnepw ImÀ jn-I-hr-¯n-bnepw ap¶n«p \n¶-hÀXs¶ ]n¶oSv sNs¶¯p¶ {]tZ-i-§Ä¡-\p-kr-X-ambn hfsc ]n¶-Wn-bn-embn-t¸m-Ip¶ IYbpw a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-¯n-ep-s|¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. akqcn, t¹Kv apX-emb alm-am-cn-IÄ _m[n¨v `qcn-]£w P\-Xbpw Ns¯m-Sp-§n-bmepw Cu ]nt¶m-«Sn kw`-hn-¡pw. sImÅ-bS- n¨v FÃmw XIÀ¯v apt¶dp¶ ]S-tbm-«§fpw Nne kaq-l§ - sf hfsc ]n¶-Wn-bn - e m- ¡ nbn«p- | v . hfsc Ipg- ª p- a - d nªv apt¶m«pw ]nt¶m«pw bm{XsNbvXv Cu Ignª Aªqdp hÀj¯n-\p-Ån-emWv ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn¨ kaq-l-§Ä hfsc-sbm¶pw ]n¶n-te¡v t]mImsX ]nSn-¨p-\n-ev¡p-Ibpw apt¶m«p t]mhp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶ ØnXn temI-¯n-ep-|mb-Xv. Hcp {]tZ-i-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v ]nt¶m«p t]mIp¶ ImgvN Adn- h p- Å - h Às¡- § s\ kw`- h n¡psa¶v Bfp- I Ä AÛpXw Iqdm-dp-|.v I¸Ât¨Xw h¶v BĸmÀ¸n-Ãm¯ Xpcp-¯n-e-I-s¸-«p-t]mb tdm_n³k¬ {Iqtkm-bpsS IY ]t| \ap-¡-dn-bmw. Im«n Ign-bm-\pÅ {]mY-an-Iamb Adnhp am{X-ta {]tbm-K-£-a-am-¡m³ Ign-bp-IbpÅq. AXpt]mepw {Iqtkmbv¡v ]pXp-Xmbn ]Tn-s¨Spt¡-|-h-bm-bn-cp-¶p. a\p-jy-cpsS BZy-Im-e-hym-]-\-§-fnÂ, sNs¶-¯nb {]tZ-i-¯n-\-\p-kr-X-ambn apt¶m«pw ]nt¶m«pw AhÀ Nen-¡p-I-bp-|mbn. im´-a-lm-k-ap-{Z-¯n-epÅ Bbn-c¡-W¡ - n\p Zzo]p-If - n Htc-bn\w a\p-jyÀXs¶ hyXykvX 163

a\pjycdnbm³

`mj-IÄ kwkm-cn¨v, F{X Zzo]p-I-fmtWm DÅXv, A{X-Xs¶ hyXym-k-s¸« ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS ]e X«p-I-fn-em-bn-¡-gn-bp¶ ImgvN \ap-¡n¶pw ImWmw. sN¶p Ibdnb Zzo]v Irjn-¡-\p-tbm-Py-amb h³Zzo-]m-sW-¦n henb kwkvIm-cw-Xs¶ AhnsS DS-se-Sp-¡pw. ]t£, AhnsS Ib-dmsX apt¶m-«p-t]mbn sNdnb Zzo]p-I-fn sN¶p Ib-dn-b-hÀ Ahn-Ss¯ Imem-h-Øbv¡pw `q{]-Ir-Xn¡pw A\p-kr-Xa - mbn sN¶p Ib-dnb Xc-¯ntem ]nt¶mt«m t]msb¶p hcpw. h³Zzo-]n-ep-Å-hÀ Hcp Ccp-¶qdp hÀjwsIm|,v henb I¸ep-I-fn Bbp-[-[m-cn-I-fmbn ASp¯ Zzo]p-I-fn sNÃp-t¼mÄ hfsc {]mIr-X-cmb a\p-jy-sc-bm-bn-cn¡pw ImWp-¶-Xv. Hcp Ccp¶qdp hÀjwsIm|v `mj-bnÂt¸mepw amäw kw`-hn¨v c|p a\p-jy -hw-i-amsW¶v sXän-²-cn-¡-¯-¡-h®w AIew tXm¶n-¸n-¡p¶ Xc-¯n AhÀ amdn-t¸m-bn-cn¡pw.

C¶v P\n-X-I-am-bn-«pÅ Adn-hp-IÄ e`n-¨-t¸mÄ \mw ap³]p I| hyXn-bm-\-§Ä "sXmen-¸pdw' am{X-ap-Å-Xm-sW¶v \ap¡p Is|-¯m³ Ign-bp-¶p-|v. \½psS \m«n ]e-hn[ PmXn-Ifpw ]e-hn[ `mj-¡mcpw BcmWv ap³]p-|m-b-sX¶pw BcmWv ap¶Wn-bn-se¶pw BcmWv A\y-sc-¶pw BcmWv hc-¯s - c-¶pw BcmWv tase-¶pw BcmWv Iosg¶pw Hs¡-¸-dªv ]c-k] v cw ASn-bn-Spt¼mÄ C¯cw {]mY-anI Adn-hp-If - psS A`m-h¯ - n-ep-|mb "ØeP-e-{`aw' am{X-amWv CsX¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. ]pkvX-I-§fpw ]m«p-Ifpw cNn¨v X§-fpsS Øm\w ]eXc-¯n-ep-d-¸n-¡p¶ Ncn{X-\nÀ½m-W-¯n-emWv Hmtcmtcm {]tZ-i¯p s]«p-t]mb a\p-jycn-t¸mÄ. Ahm-kvX-h-amb C¯cw Xcw-Xn-cn-hp-I-sf-bmWv \mw C¶v Ncn-{X-sa¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv.

164

t{iWo-_-²-k-aq-l-¯nse hyàn

""B hS-hr-£-¯nÂ\n¶v Hcp ^ew sIm|p-h-cnI. sIm|p-h-¶n-cn-¡p¶p.

AXns\ apdn-¡pI. apdn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p.

Ahn-sS-sb´p ImWp¶p?

AWp-k-am-\-amb hn¯p-IÄ.

Ah-bn-sem-¶ns\ apdn-¡pI. apdn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p.

Ahn-sS-sb´p ImWp¶p?

H¶pwXs¶ ImWp-¶n-Ã. tl kuay, \o ChnsS GsXmcp AWn-a-bmtWm ImWm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, B AWn-a-bm¯-s¶-bmWv Cu henb hS-hr£w \n¡p-¶Xv.'' F¶v tizXtIXp-hn-t\mSv BcpWn Omtµm-tKym-]-\nj-¯n ]d-bp-¶Xp tIÄ¡mw. ChnsS Hcp hn¯n hr£w F§-s\-bmWv Hfn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-sX¶v, AXm-bXv hns¯¶ kXy-¯nÂ\n¶v kÀÖ\w sN¿-s¸«v, Asæn ]pd-t¯¡p XÅn-h¶v, hS-hr-£-ambn \nev¡p-¶sX¶v ImWn¨p Xcp-¶p. ]s£, Cu hn¯v Omtµm-tKym]-\n-j-¯n kI-e-Xn\pw Imc-W-am-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ a¯m-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-¯n tbip C§s\ ]d-bp-¶p: ""hnX-¡m-c³ hnX-bv¡m³ ]pd-s¸-«p, Ah³ hnX-¨t¸mÄ, hn¯p-If - n Iptd hgn-bc - n-In hoWp, ]£n-IÄ h¶v AXv Xn¶p. NneXv a®v A[n-I-an-Ãm¯ ]md-ta hoWp. a®n\v Bg-an-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶-Xn-\m AXv s]s«¶v apf¨p s]m§n. kqcy-\p-Zn-¨t - ¸mÄ AXv shbn-teäp hmSpIbpw thcn-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶-Xn-\m Icn-ªp-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. thsd NneXv apÄs¨-Sn-IÄ¡n-Sb - n hoWp. apÄ s¨-Sn-IÄ hfÀ¶v AXns\ sRcp-¡n-¡f - ª p. aäp NneXv \à \ne¯v hoWp. AXv \qdp-ta-\n-bpw Adp-]Xp ta\nbpw ap¸-Xp-ta-\nbpw hnfhp \evIn.'' 165

a\pjycdnbm³

Acn-tÌm-«nensâ ASp¯v Hcp kv{Xo h¶v Xsâ aIs\ At±lw ]Tn-¸n-¡Ww F¶p ]d-ªp.

At¸mÄ At±lw tNmZn-¨p: Ip«n-s¡{X hb-Êmbn' AhÀ ]dªp: "A©p hb-Êmbn.'

A©p-hÀjw Xma-kn¨p t]mbtÃm,' F¶v At±lw {]Xn-Ic - n-¨p. dqtÊm-bpsS k¦-e] v -¯n Ip«n-IÄ hr£-ss¯-IÄt]msebm-Wv. XpS-¡¯ - n \mw then-sI«n kwc-£n-t¡-|X - p|v. ]t£, Gähpw anX-amb CS-s]-S-en-eqsS Hcp tXm«-¡m-c³ sNSnsb hfÀ ¯p-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cn-¡Ww Ip«n-Isf hfÀt¯-|-Xv. Ip«n-IfpsS kzX-Ên-²-amb Ign-hp-IÄ ]pd-s¯-Sp-¡m³ klm-bn-¨m am{Xw aXn, AXnÂIq-Sp-X H¶pw sNt¿-|-Xnà F¶m-bn-cp¶p At±-l-¯nsâ aXw. C§s\ hn¯mWp {][m\w asäm-¶p-aÃ, F¶p XpS§n Npäp]m-SmWp {][m\w, hns¯-´p-am-bn-t¡m-s«, AXà hnX-bv¡p-¶-hcpsS Ic-hn-cp-Xn-emWv Imcyw InS-¡p-¶Xv F¶p-apÅ hnhn[ Xc¯n-epÅ ap³K-W\ - I - Ä \ndª Hcp {]{In-bb - mWv hfÀ¯-se¶pw hnZym-`ym-k-sa¶pw amdn-amdn ]e-X-c-¯n-epÅ A`n-{]m-b-K-Xn-IÄ temI¯v \ne-hn-ep-|v. hn¯v, ]cn-X-Øn-Xn, hfÀ¯Â F¶v Pohn-X-{]-{In-bsb hn`Pn¨p a\-Ên-em¡n temI-ho-£Ww \nÀ½n-¨-t¸mgpÅ hyXy-kvX-XI-fmWv ta¸-dª \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn-seÃmw apg-¨p-\n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]cn -Wm-a-]-c-amb Pohn-X-ho-£Ww D|m-bm hn¯n-t\mfwXs¶ {]m[m-\y-ap-ÅX - mWv ]cn-XØ - n-Xnbpw hfÀ¯epsa¶pw AsÃ-¦n Hcp {]{In-bsb a\-Ên-em-¡m³th|n \mw hn`-Pn-¨-Xp-sIm-|p-am{X-amWv C¯-c-¯n-epÅ ap³K-W-\-I-fnepw AXp-sIm-|p-|mIp¶ Iodm-ap-«n-I-fnepw sN¶p ]Xn-¡p-¶sX¶pw ImWmw. a\p-jycpsS Imcy-¯n kml-N-cy-amWv a\p-jysc krjvSn-¡p-¶-sX¶pw B kml-Ncy-am-Is« a\p-jy-cm krjvSn-¡s - ¸-«X - m-sW¶pw amÀIvkv ]d-bp-t¼mÄ, Pohn-X-{]-{In-b-bpsS apgp-h³ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-¯n \n£n-]vX-ambn amdp¶ ImgvN-bmWv \mw ImWp-¶-Xv. hn¯p-sIm|v AÀ°-am-¡n-bn-cp¶ P\n-X-Ihpw B´-cn-I-hpamb hym]m-c-§-fpsS khn-ti-jX Cu \ne-]m-Sn-\m Xa-kvIcn¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. Cu Xa-kvI-cWw ImcWw, Ip«n-I-fpsS hfÀ¯-en AÑ-\-½m-cp-tSbpw aäp kmaq-ly-km-l-N-cy-§-fptSbpw ]¦v asäÃm LS-I-§Ä¡pw D]cn apg¨p \n¡p-¶-Xn\m FÃm ^e-{]m-]vXn-bp-sSbpw ]cm-P-b-¯n-sâbpw D¯-c-hmZnXzw BcmtWm Cu taJ-e-bn CS-s]-«Xv Ah-cpsS Npa-en h¶p ]Xn-¡p-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. Ip«n-I-sf-sbÃmw \mw hfÀ¯n 166

t{iWo-_-²-k-aq-l-¯nse hyàn

hnP-bn-¸n-¨X - mbpw AsÃ-¦n \in-¸n-¨X - mbpw hne-bn-cp-¯s - ¸-Sm³ XpS-§n-b-t¸mÄ AÑ-\-½-amÀ, A²ym-]-IÀ, hnZym-`ym-k-kw-hn-[m-\§Ä FÃmw Ah-km\ DXv]-¶-¯n\v XoÀ¯pw D¯cw ]d-tb-|Xmbn h¶p. Ip«n-I-fpsS sXän\v AÑ-\-½-amÀ in£n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ihsc D|m-bn-«p-|v. kaq-l-¯nsâ t\m«-¯n\p ap¶n Xe-Ip \ - n¨v Ipä-t_m[wt]dn \nÊ-lm-bc - mbn \nev¡p¶ AÑ-\½ - a - m-cpsS Hcp ]S-sb-¯s¶ Cu Pohn-X-ho-£-W-¯m \mw \nÀ½n-¨p.

Hc-½b - ¡ v p-aÑ - \pw A©p Ip«n-IÄ Ds|-¶n-cn-¡s«. [\-Øn-Xn s - Imt|m kmaq-ly-]Z- h - n-sImt|m hÀ¤w, aXw, P - mXn, `mj, {]tZiw, cmPyw F¶n-§s - \-bpÅ GXp kml-Nc - y-sa-Sp-¯mepw Htc-t]m-sebmWv Cu Ip«n-IÄ. Cu A©p Ip«n-Ifpw Hcp enwK-¯nÂs¸Sp¶-h-cm-sW-¦n B hyXym-khpw Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. A§s\ tkmjy-en-k-¯n\p Iogn kz]v\w ImWp¶ kmaq-ly-k-a-Xz-k-am\-X-IÄ Hcp-t]msebmbn-cns¡ Ahsc hyXy-kvX-cm-¡p¶ LS-I§Ä F´m-bn-cn¡mw? Htc ho«n P\n-¡p¶ Ipªp-§Ä hyXykvX-cm-bn-cn¡pw F¶pÅ Imcy-¯n AÑ-\-½-am-cmb BÀ¡pw Hcp kwi-b-¯n-\p-an-S-bn-Ã. C§s\ tkmjy-en-k-¯n\p Iogn kml-Nc - y-saÃmw ]c-am-h[n Hcp-t]m-se-bm-¡p-t¼mÄ a\p-jyÀ kam\-Nn-´m-KX - n-bp-Åh - c - mbn ka-Xz-t_m-[a - p-Åh - c - mbn Hcm-sfm-cmÄ¡v a[p-hmbn amdpw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xn\v F´-Sn-Øm-\-am-Wp-ÅXv? kml-N-cy-§Ä ]c-am-h[n H¯n-W-§nb Hcp kml-Ncyw Hmtcm ho«n-\p-ap-Ån Ds|-¶n-cns¡ AhnsS kw`-hn-¡m¯ ka-Xzw, kmtlm-Zcyw, sFIyw F¶n-h-sbÃmw hoSn-\p-]p-d¯v Hcp kaq-l¯n kw`- h n- ¡ p- s a¶pw `mj- s Im- | pw PmXnsIm|pw aXwsIm|pw kwkvImcwsIm|pw tZi-t_m[wsIm|pw hyXykvX-cm-bn-cn-¡p¶ kaq-l-§-sfÃmw H¶p-tNÀ¶v Iayq-WnÌv hyhØn-Xn-bn ]m«pw ]mSn Pohn¡psa¶pw ImWp¶ kz]v\w aX-hnizm-kn-I-fpsS kzÀ¤tam tam£tamt]mse Imev]-\n-I-am-sW¶pw ImW-Ww. Cu kmaq-ly-km-l-N-cy-\nÀ½m-W-¯nsâ `mK-am-bmWv kvIqfpI-fn bqWnt^mw CSm³ Ip«n-Isf \nÀºÔn-¨-Xv. kml-N-cy-§fnse hyXym-k-§sf kaqew amän ka-Xz-t_m-[-apÅ P\-Xsb krjvSn-¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ t_m[-am-bn-cp¶p C¯cw {]hÀ¯-\§Ä¡v ASn-Øm-\-am-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Cu bqWn-t^m-an«v hfÀ¶-h-cmWtÃm tIc-f¯ - nsebpw h³\-Kc - § - f - n-sebpw F¬]Xv iX-am\w a\p-jycpw. bqWnt^m-anÂ\n¶pw tamN\wt\Sn CjvSs - ¸« hkv{Xw CS-W-sa¶ taml-hp-ambn Ign-bp¶ Ipªp-§sf \mw cq]-s¸Sp¯n F¶-sXm-gn-¨m Cu \nÀ_Ôm\p-jvTm\w F´v ^e-amWv D|m-¡nbn-«p-Å-sX¶v \mw hnebncp-t¯| Imew AXn-{I-an-¨-ncn¡p-¶p.

167

a\pjycdnbm³

AÑ-\-½-amÀ¡v A©p a¡-fà D|m-Ip-¶Xv, Hcp Ip«n¡v Hcp A½bpw AÑ-\p-amWv D|m-Ip-¶-sX¶ ASn-Øm-\-hy-Xymkw \mw Xncn-¨d - n-bW - w. Hcp hnt¯m Hcp Ip«ntbm c|m-bmepw kmlN-cy-¯n-\-\p-kr-X-ambpw kml-N-cys¯ X\n¡-\p-kr-X-am-¡nbpw At§m-«p-an-t§m«pw {]Xn-{]-hÀ¯n¨v ]c-k] v cw cq]-s¸-Sp¯n apt¶m«p t]mIp-¶-XmWv Pohn-X-{]-{In-b. CXns\ ]c-k] v -c-]q-c-Iambn a\-Ên-em-¡msX hyXykvX LS-I-§Ä¡v Du¶tem {]m[m\ytam \ÂIn Bh-iy-§Ät¡m k¦-¸\-§Ät¡m ASn-s¸Sp¯n \nÀ½n-¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ hnizmkw shdpw hnizm-k-amsW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. s]mXp-hmb Nne Znim-t_m-[§ - Ä¡p ]cn asäm¶pw kmaq-ly-km-lN - c - y-\nÀ½m-W¯n-eqsS \ap¡v km[ns¨-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã. Htc kabw Hmtcm hyànbpw hyXy-kvXhpw A\-\y-hp-am-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-bm s]mXp-Zn-im-t_m-[¯ - n-ep]cn asämcp kz]v\hpw h¨p ]peÀt¯| Bh-iy-an-söpw ImWmw. Hcp Ip«n-bpsS hyànXz-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n P\n-X-I-¯n-\pÅ ]¦v, AÑ-\-½-am-cpsS hfÀ¯-en-\pÅ ]¦v, kmaq-ly-km-l-N-cy§Ä¡pÅ ]¦v Ch \mw ]cm-aÀin-¡p-I-bp-|m-bn. A³]Xp iX-am-\-¯n-ep-]cnbmWv P\n-X-I-¯n-\pÅ ]¦v. kmaq-ly-km-l-Ncy-¯n-\mWv Ccp-]Xp iX-am\w ]¦v, AÑ-\-½-am-cpsS hfÀ¯ensâ ]¦v bYmÀ°-¯n ]¯p iX-am\w am{X-am-Wp-Å-Xv. ]e ]T-\-§fpw sXfn-bn-¨Xv _m¡n-bp-Å Ccp-]-Xp-i-X-am\w \½Ä "ka-ioÀjÀ' F¶p hnfn-¡p¶ aäp Ip«n-I-fpsS "kaq-l'-amWv \nÀ ®-bn-¡p-¶Xv F¶m-Wv. Hmtcm hyàn¡pw Ahsc \nÀ®-bn-¡p¶ Hcp kaq-l-ap-|mbn-cn¡pw F¶p ap³]v I|p-h-tÃm. "s]mXp-hmb kaqlw' F¶ AaqÀ¯-amb k¦-e] v -\-aà CXv. bYmÀ°-¯n Fsâ kaqlw F¶v Hmtcm hyànbpw hnNm-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ, Xsâ Pohn-X-s¯ t\cn«p \nÀ®-bn-¡m³ Ign-hp-Åh - cpw H¸w Ah-cpsS AwKo-Imcw X\n-¡p-|m-bmte Ignbq F¶p kzbw hnNm-cn-¡p¶Xpamb, hfsc-¡p-d-¨p-t]À am{X-a-S-§p¶ Hcp kaq-l-am-Wn-Xv. Cu kaq-l¯nsâ cq]o-I-c-Whpw AXn-\p-Ånse Xsâ Øm\hpw `mhn-]-¦mfn-¯hpw Cu ka-ioÀj-cpsS CS-s]-S-en-eq-sS-bmWv Dd-¸m¡p¶-Xv. hfsc Ip«n-¡m-e-¯p-Xs¶ kl-]m-Tn-Ifpw kl-hm-kn-I-fp-am-b-hcpsS CS-bnÂ\n-¶mWv \mw ka-ioÀjÀ F¶p ]d-bp¶ Cu kwLw D|m-Ip-¶X - v. Cu kwLw asäÃm kwL-§Ät]m-se-¯s¶ t{iWo_-²a - m-bn-cn-¡pw. ChnsS P\n-XI - a - mb B\p-Iq-ey-§ÄsImt|m kmaq-ln-Ik - m-lN - c - y-§f - nse A\p-IqeLSI-§ÄsImt|m HcmÄ H¶m-a-\m-bm Pohn-X-¯n-ep-S-\ofw Cu H¶mw-Øm\w \ne-\n-dp¯m³ AbmÄ {ian-¡p-¶p-|m-Ipw. ka-ioÀj-cpsS CS-bn 168

t{iWo-_-²-k-aq-l-¯nse hyàn

c|mw-Øm\w AsÃ-¦n aq¶mw Øm\w AsÃ-¦n Ah-km-\Øm\w F¶n-§s\ Øm\w e`n¨v hyàn-Xz-cq-]o-I-cWw kw`-hn¡p-¶-hÀ ]n¡m-e¯v kaq-l-a-Õ-c-§-fn C¯cw Øm\§ÄX-s¶-bmWv `qcn-]-£hpw ssItb¡m³ {ian-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. Bscbpw F´p-am¡mw F§-s\bpw amän-ad - n¡mw F¶p hnNmcn¨v GXp {]hr-¯nbpw Dugw-h¨v FÃm-h-sc-bpw-sIm|v sN¿n¸n¡mw F¶ k¦-e] v -\-amWv hnZym-`ymk kmaq-lnI taJ-e-I-fn apg¨p \nev¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£, bYmÀ°-¯n hyàn-Xz-cq]oI-c-W¯nse ka-ioÀj-cpsS CS-bn-epÅ Øm\w ]n¡me PohnXhnPb-§sf F§s\ \nÀ®-bn-¡p¶p F¶p \mw a\-Ên-em-t¡-|Xp-|v. hf-sc-¡p-d-¨p-t]À¡v "kzbw Xncn-¨-dn-hp'-sIm|v cq]o-I-cn-¡s¸« Cu hyàn-Xz-§sf Nne Ime-§-fn amäm-sa-¦nepw `qcn-]£w-t]cpw AXmXp Øm\-§f - n "kzØX' t\Sp-¶X - mbn \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. H¶mw Øm\hpw c|mw Øm-\hpw am{Xw \ÃXpw _m¡n-bp-Åh No¯bpw F¶Ã CXn-\À°w. FÃm Øm\§fpw kmaq-lnI [À½-§-fm-Wv. Ah-bn kzmØyw Is|-¯p-¶-hÀ AhnsS hnP-bn-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. Cusbmcp LS-Is¯-¸-änbpÅ \½psS Ad-nhn-Ãm-ba v bpw FÃm-hs - cbpw "Hcp-t]mse'bm¡mw F¶pÅ AXn-tam-lhpw \nan¯w BÀ¡pw kzmØyw e`n-¡m¯ Hcp kmaq-ln-I-{I-a-\nÀ½m-W-¯n-emWv hnZym-`ym-k-amsI sN¶p \n¡p-¶-Xv. C¯cw hyXy-kvXXI-fmWv PmXn F¶ \ne-bn ap³Im-ek - a - q-l§ - f - n \ne\n¶-sX¶v Hcp hmZw D-|.v PmXn F§s\-bmWv cq]-s¸-«s - X¶v \mw t\ct¯ a\-Ên-em-¡n-. ChnsS kqNn¸n-¡p¶ LSIw hyàn-K-X-amWv AÃmsX kwL-kz-`m-h-a-Ã. kwLkz-`mhw a\p-jy-s\-¶-\n-e-bn \ap¡v s]mXpth D|mIpw. AXv `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Imc-W-§-fmepw Imemh-Ømhy-Xn-bm-\-§fmepw Aev]k - z-e] v h - y-Xym-k§ - t- fmsS D|mbn \ne-\n¡p¶sX§ s\sb¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-. AXn-\m Cu khn-ti-j-kz-`m-h-hyXymkw PmXnþ-hÀ®þ-hwihn-th-N-\-§-fpsS km[q-I-c-W-¯n\v D]-tbm-Kn-¡-cp-Xv. t{iWo-_-²-amb kaq-lhpw AXn\p kam-´-c-ambn cq]-s¸Sp¶ Ah-t_m-[-hp-amWv Hcp hyàn-bpsS cq]o-I-c-W-¯n-ep-ÅXv. "kmaq-ln-I-\oXn' ka-Xz-¯n D¶w hbv¡p-¶-hÀ Cu khn-ti-jX-IÄ a\-Ên-em-t¡-|-Xp-|v. AsÃ-¦n kzbw ]oUn-¸n-¡p-¶-hscbpw ]c-k] v cw ]oUn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-scbpw DXv]m-Zn-¸n¨v IqSp-X IqSp-X Bß-l-Xy-I-fn-te¡v \mw hyàn-Isf XÅn-hn-Spw.

169

FÃm-hcpw \nkzmÀ°À

"kzmÀ°w-þ\nkzmÀ°w' F¶ coXn-bn Pohn-Xs¯ XcwXn-cn-¡pI \ap-¡n¶v hfsc "kzm`m-hnIw'' F¶p tXm¶pamdv ]cs¡ AwKo-Im-c-apÅ ]cnI-e] v -\-I-fm-Wv. aX-]-camb Hcp ]cnIev] - \ - b mbn Bcw- ` n- ¨ - X m- s W- ¦ nepw imkv{Xob tkmjy-enÌv Ime-L«- ¯ - nepw \à {]Nm-ca - pÅ Hcp kwhÀ¤-am-Wn-X.v kzbw hne-bn-cp-¯m\pw aäp-Åh - sc hne-bn-cp-¯m\pw Cu kwhÀ¤w hfsc kzm[o\w sNep¯p¶ H¶m-sW¶v \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. hyànIÄ tNÀ¶mWv kaq-l-ap-|m-bsX¶ [mc-Wsb ASnØm-\s - ¸-Sp-¯n-bmWv Ch \ne-sIm-Åp-¶X - .v "hyàn-Xm-Xv ]cy'§fpw AXns\ tI{µambn IcpXn cq]-s¸-Sp¶ aäp XmXv]c - y-§fpw kzmÀ°-sa¶pw kaq-ls¯ tI{µo-Ic - n-¨,v AsÃ-¦nÂ, C¶s¯ Gähpw henb kaq-la - mb cmjv{Ss¯ tI{µo-I-cn¨v cq]s¸-Sp¯p¶ FÃm hyh-lm-c-§-sfbpw \nkzmÀ°-sa¶pw \mw hnfn-¡p-Ib - mWp ]Xn-h.v Cu aqeyt_m[w Ahm-kvX-h-amb ta¸-dª Zzµz-§sf DXv]m -Zn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-h-gn-bmWv D|m-Ip-¶-Xv. Hcn-¡epw hyànIÄtNÀ¶v kaqlw D|m-Ip-¶nà F¶p \mw ap³]v kqNn¸n-¨n-cp-¶phtÃm. AXm-bXv, Ipªp-§-fmbn P\n¨v hyàn-I-fm-bn-¯o-cp-¶-hÀ am{Xta kaq-l-¯n-ep-Åq.

GsX-¦n-ep-samcp hyàn¡v kz´w Xmev]cywam{Xw kwc-£n¨v aäm-scbpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡msX Pohn-¡m³ Ignbptam F¶v \ap-s¡m¶p t\m¡mw. tdmUnsâ Hmc¯v tZmi hnäp Pohn-¡p¶ Hcmsf FSp-¡p-I. AbmÄ¡pw Abm-fpsS IpSpw-_-¯n\pwth|nbmWv AbmÄ tZmi Np«v hnäp Pohn-¡p-¶-sX¶v Abmfpw aäp-Å-hcpw hnNmcn¨v A§s\ sN¿p-t¼mgpw Ahn-sS-s¨¶v tZmi Xn¶p¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw th|ntb AbmÄ¡v tZmi hnäv Pohn-¡m³ km[n-¡p-Ib - p-Åq. C\n Hcp _kv ss{Uhsd FSp-¡p-I. AbmÄ¡pw Abm-fpsS IpSpw-_-¯n\pwth|n-bmWv AbmÄ h|n-tbm-Sn-¡p-¶Xv F¶p hnNm-cn-¨mepw \½Ä, bm{X-¡m-scÃmw Abm-tfm-Sn-¡p¶ h|n-bn tImgn-t¡m«p 170

FÃm-hcpw \nkzmÀ°À

\n¶v Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c-s¯-¯n-t¨-cpw. sX§n¡-bdn tX§bn-Sp¶-h-cm-bmepw IS-enÂt]mbn aÕyw ]nSn-¡p-¶-h-cm-bmepw A²ym]-Ic - m-bm-epw tUmIvSd - m-bmepw Xm³ sN¿p¶ ]Wn X\n-¡p-th-|nbmWv sN¿p-¶-sX¶v hnNm-cn¨p sN¿m-sa-¶-ÃmsX aäp-Å-hÀ¡v {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-am-ImsX HcmÄs¡m-cn-¡epw Pohn-¡m³ Ign-bp-Ibn-Ã. A¡m-c-W-¯m kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯-I-c-Ãm¯ BcpwXs¶bn-Ã. \nkzmÀ°c-Ãm¯ BcpwXs¶-bn-Ã. kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯-I-sc¶pw \nkzmÀ°-sc¶pw alm-•m-sc¶pw hnfn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ \à A`n-\-b-Nm-Xp-cy-apÅ B«-¡m-sc¶Xn¡-hnªv asäm¶pw IqSp-X sN¿p-¶n-Ã, kaqlw B{K-ln-¡p¶ GsX-¦nepw amä-¯nt\m {]hr¯nt¡m AhÀ t\Xr-Xzw-sIm-Sp-¡p¶-sXm-gn-¨mÂ. C\n, GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n "kzmÀ°-cmbn' Pohn¡p-¶-hÀ hyàn-I-fmbn ]cn-W-an¨psIm|n-cn-¡p¶ Ip«n-IÄ am{X-am-Wv. Ah-cm-Is« kaq-l-¯nsâ hcpwIme \nt£-]-km-[yX-I-fmWpXm\pw. kz´w A²zm-\-¯n Pohn¨p XpS-§p-t¼mÄ Hmtcm Ip«nbpw kmaq-ly-\n-t£-]-¯nsâ ISw ho«pI am{X-amWv sN¿p-¶X - v. AXn-\m \nkzmÀ°-ambn Pohn-¡p¶ a\p-jy-ka - q-l § - tf temI-¯p-Åq. hyàn hoSn-\pw hoSv {Kma-¯n-\pw {Kmaw cmPy¯n\pw F¶ ]g-b-Im-e-k-¦-e] v -\-¯n-sâ, AXm-bXv Gähpw sNdnb hr¯-sa¶p IcpXn \mw hc¨ hyàn-sb¶ h«-¯nsâ, -aq-ey-t_m-[-amWv kzmÀ°w F¶-Xv. AXn-\m Rm³ kzmÀ°-ambmtWm AtXm \nkzmÀ°-am-bmtWm Pohn-¡p-¶Xv F¶v i¦n¨v B´-cn-I-kw-{Xm-k-¯nÂs¸«v Bcpw Dg-te-|-Xn-Ã. \mw "kzmÀ°sc¶v' hnNm-cn-¨p-sIm|v "\nkzm-À°-cmbn' Pohn-¡mt\ km[n-¡pI-bp-Åq.

C\n Pohn-X-bm-YmÀ°y§-fn kzmÀ°w F¶ ]cn-I-e] v \ D]tbm-K-{]-Z-ambn {]tbm-Kn-¡m³ Xmsg-¸-d-bp¶ coXn ]n³Xp-S-cm-hp¶-Xm-W.v D`b-k½ - X - {- ]-Im-ca - pÅ Icm-dp-If - psS ewL-\§ - s - f-bmWv \mw sXäv, kzmÀ°w F¶v aqey-\nÀ®bw \S¯n hne-bn-cp-t¯ | - X - v. AXm-bXv ]c-k] v c - [ - m-cW - b - m F¯n-t¨À¶ Hcp Icm-dn \n¶pw aäv {]Xy-£I - m-cW - § - f - n-ÃmsX ]n³hm-§p-t¼mÄ B hyàn Abm-fpsS AXn-cp-\nÀ®-bn-¨Xv asä-Ãm-hÀ¡pw {]Xn-Iq-ea - m-bm B {]hr¯nsb \ap¡v kzmÀ°w F¶v hne-bn-cp-¯mw. C¯-c¯n-epÅ {]Xn-Iq-e-{]-hr¯n-am-{X-amWv kzmÀ°w.

171

"kzmÀ°-'cmb cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ

\oXn-tbmsS s]cp-am-dm¯ cmjv{So-b-¡m-sc-¸än FÃm Znh-khpw FÃm ho«nepw FÃm k`-bnepw FÃm _kv tÌm¸nepw FÃm thZn-If - nepw F´n\v cmjv{So-b¡ - m-cpsS thZn-I-fnÂt]mepw ]d-bp-¶Xv Hcp km[m-cW kw`-h-ambn-¯oÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. "cmPm-hn-\v CjvSwt]mse' s]cp-amdm-am-bn-cp-¶p. ImcWw "\oXn' At±-l-¯nsâ CjvSw am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]t£, ka-Xz-sa¶ kmaq-ln-I-aq-ey-¯ne-[n-jvTn-X-amb FÃm ]uc-•mÀ¡pw Htc \oXn F¶ \½psS ka-Im-eo-\-k-¦-e] v \w ta¸-dª t{iWo-_-²amb Pohn-hÀ¤ aqey-t_m-[-hp-ambn \nc-´-c-kw-LÀj¯n-em-Wv. k-aXzw F¶ aqey-t_m[w Hcn-¡epw A\p-`h-n¡ - p-Itbm ]cn-io-en-¡p-Itbm ]men-¡p-Itbm kz´w Pohn-X-¯n sN¿m¯ ]uc-•m-cmWv \msaÃm-hc - pw. AXv C-\nbpw km[nX-am-t¡| H¶m-sW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m-sX-bmWv cmjv{So-b¡m-cpsS "tami-¯c - s - ¯-¸än' \mw hmNm-e-cm-Im-dp-Å-Xv. kz´w a¡sf¸änam{Xw cmhpw-]-Iepw Hcp \nan-jwt]mepw ad-¡msX Pohn-¡p¶ \½Ä, \½psS CS-bn \n¶v Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ Ah-cpsS a¡sf-¸än Aev]w-t]mepw ]cn-KW - n-¡c - p-sX¶pw Ah-sc¸än HmÀ¡-cp-sX¶pw \mw ITn-\-ambn iTn-¡p-¶p. BcmWv Cu cmjv{So-b¡ - m-cpsS a¡sf t\mt¡-|s - X¶v C¶mÀ¡pw Adn-bn-Ã. Ahsc t\m¡n-bm cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ Agn-a-Xn¡m-cm-Ipw. Agn-a-Xn-¡m-c-\m-tI| F¶p Xocp-am-\n-¨ KmÔnbpsS a¡Äs¡-´p-]än F¶p \mw Hcp \nan-j-sa-¦nepw Btem-Nn-¨n-«p-t|m? KmÔn cmjv{S]nXm-hm-bn-cn-¡mw.

F¶m C{X ]cm-Pb - s - ¸« Hc-Ñs\ asä-hn-sSbpw \ap¡v Is|-¯m-\m-hn-Ã. bYmÀ°-¯n BcpsS ]nXm-hm-Wt±lw? kzmÀ°-sc¶pw \nkzmÀ°-sc¶pw a\p-jysc Xcw-Xn-cn-¨X - p-hgn \mw D|m-¡nb Ahm-kvXh - a - mb DXv]¶-§f - mWv "alm-ßm-'¡-fmb KmÔn-amÀ. bYmÀ°-¯n 172

"kzmÀ°-'cmb cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ

kaq-l-¯n\pw IpSpw-_-¯n\pw AhÀ `mc-am-Wv. C\n-sb-¦nepw A¯-c-¯n-epÅ alm-ßm-¡sf \mw DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ {i²n-¡-Ww. hfsc kXy-k-Ô-\mb Hcp cmjv{So-b-¡m-c-\m-Im³ \mw Xocpam-\n¨p F¶p hbv¡p-I. \n§Ä Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« Hcp ]©mb¯p {]kn-U-âm-sW¶pw hbv¡p-I. ]©m-b-¯n\p Iogn hoSnÃm-¯-hÀ¡v \qdp hoSp-sh¨p \evIm-\pÅ ]²Xn e`n-¨n-cn-¡pIbm-W.v Xsâ cmjv{So-b¸ - mÀ«n-tbmSv Iqdp-Åh - s - ctbm, A\y-cm-j{v So-b ¸ - mÀ«n-¡m-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Is - ftbm AWn-Is - ftbm, CsXm-¶p-aà Xsâ PmXn-¡m-sctbm, aX-¯nÂs]«-hsctbm AsÃ-¦n Xsâ hmÀUn DÅ-h-sctbm F¶ Hcp Xc-¯n-ep-apÅ {]tXyI]cn-KW-\bpw \evImsX bYmÀ°-¯n hoSn-Ãm¯ \qdp -t]À¡v hoSpsh¨p sImSp-¡m³ \n§Ä Xocp-am-\n-s¨-¶n-cn-¡-s«. "imkv{Xo-b-' amb Af-hp-tIm-ep-Is - fÃmw D]-tbm-Kn¨v "kzX-{´-'amb Hcp GP³ knsb D]-tbm-Kn¨v hoSn-Ãm-¯ \qdp-t]sc \n§Ä Is|-¯p-¶p. ]²Xn{]Imcw ka-b-_-Ôn-X-ambn ChÀ¡v hoSp sh¨psImSp¡m³ CSwhew t\m¡msX \n§Ä apt¶-dp-I-bm-Wv. hoSp hbv¡m-\p-Å Øew Is|-¯p-hm³ XpS§nbt¸m-gm-Wv BZys¯ {]iv\w Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. a\p-jyÀ¡v hmk-tbm-Ky-amb \qdp hoSp-IÄ hbv¡m³ A©p skâp {]Imcw H¶n¨p In«p-hm³ Hcp km²y-Xbpw ]©m-b¯ - nsâ Iogn ImWp-¶n-Ã. Xcm³ apt¶m«p h¶-hc - psS ssIh-ia - pÅ {]tZ-i§ - Ä ]md-IÄ \nd-ªXpw F¯nt¨-cm³ hgn-bn-Ãm-¯Xpw IpSn-sh-Å-an-Ãm-¯Xpamb "HmWw-tI-dmaq-e'- I-fm-bn-cp-¶p. AXn-\m ]e-bn-S§ - f - n-embn "hmk-tbm-Ky-amb' Ipsd ]pc-bn-S§ - Ä \n§Ä Is|-¯p-¶p. sI«n-S§ - f - psS ]Wnbpw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶p.

At¸m-gmWv ]pXnb {]iv\§ - Ä DbÀ¶p h¶-Xv. IcmÀ{]Imcw D|m-¡-Wtam AtXm ]©m-b¯vXs¶ t\cn«p sN¿-W-tam?

Icm-dp-Imsc G¸n-¨m s]s«¶p ]Wn Xocp-sa-¶v FÃm-hÀ¡pw Adn-bmw. ]t£, AXnsâ KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-¸m-¡pI Ffp-¸-a-Ã.

AXn-\m A¯-cs - am-c_ - ²w hcm-Xn-cn-¡m³ \n§ÄXs¶ t\cn«v ]Wn sN¿n-¡m³ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. At¸m-gmWv H¶n-\p ] - pdsI H¶mbn ]pXn-b -]p-Xnb {]iv\-§Ä D|m-bXv. ]©m-b-¯n\p Iogn-epÅ FÃm I¸-Wn-¡mcpw A\y-{]-tZ-i-§-fn tPmen¡p t]mbn-cn¡pI-bm-Wv. aWÂ\ntcm-[\w ImcWw aW In«m-\n-Ã. ]Wn Bcw-`n-¡m-\mbn ]e Øe-¯pÅ ]Wn-¡msc hnfn-¨p-Iq«n ]Wn XpS§n. ASn-¯d sI«n-¡-gn-bp-t¼mÄ ho«n t]mb takvXncn ]ns¶ XncnsI h¶n-à F¶p XpS§n F®n-bm Xocm¯ {]iv\§-fpsS \Sp-hn-embn \n§Ä. Hcp hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån ]qÀ¯o-Icn-t¡| ]²-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. Bsf Iq«n ]Wn ]ptcm-K-an-¡p-t¼mÄ 173

a\pjycdnbm³

F§panÃm¯ ag. ka-b_ - Ô - n-Xa - mbn Imcy-§Ä apt¶m«p t]mIn -söp a\-Ên-em-b-t¸mÄ t\ct¯ Hgn-hm-¡nb Nne Icm-dp-Im-sc¡qSn hnfn¨phcp¯n aäp Øe-§-fn ]Wn-bm-cw-`n-¨p.

BZys¯ ]¯p hoSv Bdp amk-¯n-\p-Ån XoÀ¶p. AXp sImSp-¡m-sa¶p Xocp-am-\n-¨p. At¸m-gmWv ]pXnb {]iv\w. \qdpt]cn BÀ¡m-Zyw sImSp-¡pw. FÃm-hcpw Htc-t]mse hoSn-Ãm-¯hÀX-s¶. F{X Btem-Nn-¨n«pw BZys¯ hoSp-IÄ BÀ¡p sImSp¡p-sa¶v Hsc-¯pw-]n-Snbpw In«p-¶n-Ã. BÀ¡mZyw sImSp-¯mepw ]cm-Xn-bp-|m-Ip-sa¶v \nÝ-bw. ]t£, BÀs¡-¦nepw sImSp-¡W-a-tÃm. \n§Ä \njv]-£-a-Xn-bm-sW¶v sXfn-bn-¡m³ F{X Btem-Nn-¨n«pw Hcp hgn Is|-¯m-\m-ImsX Dd-¡-an-f¨p InS-¶p.

Ah-km\w D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw "ssZ-h-¯nÂ' G¸n-¡m³ Xocp-am-\n¨p. FÃm-h-cp-sSbpw t]sc-gp-Xp-I. F¶n«v Hcp Ip«n-sb-s¡m|v \dp-s¡-Sp-¸n-¡p-I. Imcy-§-sfms¡ GXm|v icn-bm-sb¶v hnNmcn-¨n-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv \dp¡p hoW-h-cn NneÀ X§Ä¡v Icm-dpImÀ ]WnX hoSp-th| F¶p ]d-ª-Xv. ]¯n Bdpw Icm-dpImÀ ]Wn-XX - m-W.v am{X-hp-aà Nne hoSp-IÄ tdmUn\pw N´bv¡pw ASp-¯p-am-W.v ]¯p-t]À¡pw B hoSp-IÄ aXn. Ah-km\w {]iv\sam-Xp-¡m³ hoSp-IÄ sImSp-t¡| F¶p Xocp-am-\n-¨p. \qdp hoSpw XoÀ¶-Xn\p-tijw H¶n¨p sImSp¡mw F¶pw Xocp-am-\a - m-bn.

Hcp hÀj¯n-\p-Ån ]qÀ¯n-bm-t¡| ]²Xn Ah-km\w H¶c-hÀjw Ignª-t¸m-gmWv "F§-s\-sb-¦nepw' XoÀ¶-Xv. ]ns¶-bmWv bYmÀ°-¯n ]qc-am-cw-`n-¨X - .v ""Icm-dp-ImÀ ]Wnª hoSp th|, N´bv¡pw tdmUn-\p-acnIn-ep-Å hoSp- aXn, AhnsS shÅw In«n-Ã, B ]«n-¡m-«n BÀ¡p thWw, BZyw D|m-¡nb ]gb hoSp-IÄ R§Ä¡p th|'' F¶p XpS§n Hcp hoSpw sImSp-¡p-hm³ Ign-bm¯ Ah-Ø-bm-bn. ]ns¶ c|pw -I-e] v n¨v \dp-s¡-Sp-¸n-eqsS hoSp In«n-b-hÀs¡Ãmw \dp-¡p-ho-W-{]-Imcw Hmtcm ]pc-bn-S-§-fn-epÅ hoSp-IÄ sImSp-¡m³ "]©m-b¯p I½än' Xocp-am-\n-¨p. sImSp-¡p¶ hoSp-IÄ th|m-¯-hÀ¡v ]Icw Bsf Is|¯n sImSp-¡m\pw Xocp-am-\n-¨p. hoSp-IÄ Fw.FÂ.F.bpsS km¶n-²y-¯n sImSp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hoSp In«n-b-hÀ Hmtcm-cp-¯-cmbn sImÅm¯ hoSp-I-fmWv X§Ä¡p Xcp-¶s - X¶v ]cmXn ]d-ªp-sIm|v Ah kzoI-cn-¨p. Fw.FÂ.F. A\p-tam-Z\{]kw-K-¯n F§s\ Hcp "\Ã'cmjv{So-b-¡m-c³ ]£-]m-X-]-c-ambn s]cp-am-d-cpXv F¶v kvt\l-]qÀÆw imk-\m-cqt]W D]-tZ-in-¨p. ASp¯Znhkw ]©m-b-¯n-emsI ]£-]m-X-]c-ambn s]cp-am-dnb ]©m-b¯v {]kn-Uâ v cmPn-h-bv¡-W-sa¶ t]mÌ-dp-IÄ ]Xn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xp I|p. A§s\ P\m-[n-]X - y-]c - a - m-bn, 174

"kzmÀ°-'cmb cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ

kXy-kÔ - a - mbn, Agn-aX - n-bn-ÃmsX bmsXmcp ]£-]m-Xh - p-an-ÃmsX s]cp-am-dWw F¶p-d¨ \n§-fmb ]©m-b¯p {]kn-Uâ,v cmPnsh¨v ho«n t]mbmepw Cu t]cp-tZmjw Hcn-¡epw amdn-Ã.

P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-¯n cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ FÃm-hcpw "IÅ•m-cm-Wv,' "Agn-a-Xn-¡m-cmWv' Fs¶Ãmw ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Hcn-¡epw D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzan-Ãm¯, Hcp ]uc³t]m-ep-am-Im-¯, "kz´w Imcyw' am{Xw t\m¡p-¶h - c - pamWv \mw Hmtcm-cp-¯c - p-sa¶ HmÀ½ thWw. Aev]w-t]mepw Iyq \nev¡m³ aSn-bpÅ \½Ä, F§-s\bpw Imcyw km[n-s¨-Sp-¡Ww F¶p Xocp-am-\n-¨ncn¡p¶ \½Ä, ]cn-N-b-¡mcn-eqsS FÃm ap³K-W\ - bpw sXän-¡p¶ \½Ä, apI-fnse kzm[o\w D]-tbm-Kn¨v A\Àl-am-bXp t\Sp¶ \½Ä, ]cmXn ]d-bp-I-bÃmsX Hcp ]cm-Xn-t]mepw Fgp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¡m³ aSn-bp-Å \½Ä, "]cmXn Fgp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¡m³ BÀ¡v t\c-ap|v?' F¶p ]d-bp¶ \½Ä, AXn-cnse ac-w sh«p¶ XÀ¡¯nsâ t]cn Ab¡mc-\p-ambn tImSXn hcm-´b - n ]¯phÀjambn \n¡p¶ \½Ä Hs¡-bmWv Cu "IÅ-•m-cmb' cmjv{So-b-¡msc Ipäw ]d-bp-¶sX¶ Imcyw ad-t¡-|. C\n, Cu cmjv{Sob-¡mÀ Fhn-sS-\n-¶p-h¶p F¶p t\m¡p-t¼m-Ä P\-§s - f¶ Igp-XI - f - psS AÑt\m tPyjvTt\m A\n-b-¯ntbm Hs¡-bm-sW¶p ImWmw. AXm-bXv cmjv{So-b¡msc Ipäw ]d-bp¶ \½Ä aeÀ¶p InS¶v Xp¸p-Itbm kz´w ]ÃnSIp¯n aW-¸n-¡p-Itbm BWv C¶p sN¿p-¶-Xv. ]cmXn ]d-bp¶ {]P-I-fm-ImsX, D¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-apÅ ]uc-•mcm-Ip-Ib - mWp th|-X.v P\m-[n-]X - y-¯n \s½ `cn-¡m-\à \½Ä {]Xn-\n-[n-Isf Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. C¶pw Cw¥ojv `mj-bn-epÅ dqfn§nÂ\n¶v KthÀWn§n-te¡v amdn-bn-«n-Ãm¯ P\m-[n-]-Xy c - mPy-am-Wv \½ptSXv. UnIvj\ v d - n-bn dq-fn§n\pw KthÀWn§n\pw Htc AÀ°am-Wp-Å-Xv, `c-Ww F¶p am{Xw. cmPm-hn-\p-]-Icw `cn¡m-\à \mw a{´n-amsc Xncn-sª-Sp-¯-Xv. adn¨v B[p-\nI kaql-¯n-\v Bh-iy-amb Npa-X-em-t_m-[-apÅ \n]p-W-cmb tkh-Isc-bm-W,v AXm-bXv P\-tk-hI - s - c-bmWv \mw Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶X - .v `cn-¡p¶-Xn \n¶pw \bn-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡mWv AhÀ \ot§-|-Xv. `c-Wk - w-hn-[m-\a - à - , adn¨v \b-þ\ - o-Xn-kw-hn-[m-\a - mWv \ap¡v th|-X.v F¶mÂ, Xnc-sª-Sp-¯-hsc `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fmbn Npa-X-e-tb ¸n¨v Ah-Im-i-§Äam{Xw thW-sa¶v B{K-ln-¡p¶ D¯-c-hm-ZnXz-c-ln-X-cmb ]uc-•mÀ \mw Bb-Xp-sIm|mWv C¶p ImWp¶ AhØ tkh\taJ-e-I-fn D|m-Ip-¶-Xv. \mw cq]s¸-Sp-¯-Wsa-¶m-{K-ln-¡p¶ P\m-[n-]Xy]chpw \oXn-bp-à-hpw Xmc-X-tay\ km[nX-hp-amb \ho-\- km-aq-ly{Ia\nÀ½m-W-¯n\v, ]c-k] v cw a\-Ên-em¡n Häbv¡pw Iq«mbpw D¯-c-hm-ZnXz-ta¡p¶ P\§Ä¡p am{Xta Ignbq.

175

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176

"kzmÀ°-'cmb cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ

177

a\pjycdnbm³

a\p-jyÀ kmwkvIm-cn-Ia - mbn hnI--kn¨ kaq-l§ - f - nemWv "kmaqly-{]-hÀ¯-\w' Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. A`n-Pm-Xcpw AÑsâ kz¯n Ignbp-¶-hcpw t]cn\pw {]kn-²n¡pambn "Ic-I-hn-sªm-gp-Ip¶' Icp-W-bpsS {]I-S-\-ambmWv AXm-cw-`n-¨Xv. ]W-¡mcpsS Zb-bpsSbpw kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw Icp-W-bp-sSbpw "Hgn-hp-Im-e-hn-t\m-Z'ambn Bcw-`n¨ kmaq-ln-I{- ]-hÀ¯-\s¯ kaqew \ho-Ic - n-t¡| Imew AXn-{I-an¨n-cn-¡pIbm-Wv. kmaq-ln-I-{]-hÀ¯-I-cpsS ]gb-Ime amXr-I-IÄ sIm«m-cw-hn« _p²\pw IpSpw-_-ap-t]-£n¨ k¶ym-kn-am-cpw P•n-I-fm-bn-cp¶ tSmÄtÌm-bnbpw SmtKm-dpw C.Fw.- F Êpsam- s ¡- b m- W v . H¶p- I n IpSpw- _ - ] - c - a mbn In«nb kz¯p-]t - bm-Knt¨m AX-sÃ-¦n aäp-Åh - c - nÂ\n¶p ]ncn-s¨-Sp¯ kz¯p-]-tbm-Knt¨m kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯\w \S-¯p-¶-htc temI¯p-|m-bn-«p-Åq, D|m-Ip-¶p-Åq. cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw cmPm-hn \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cp¶ Ime¯v kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯n-\n-d-§n-¸p-d-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ X§Ä¡v cmjv{Sobm-[n-Im-c-¯n bmsXmcp I®p-an-söv t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm³ ]Z-hn-Ifpw Øm\-§-fp-ap-t]-£n¨v k¶ym-kn-am-cmbn Na-ªmWv AsXÃmw sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xv. ]g-b-Ime k¶ym-kn-IÄ kaq-l-¯n\p ]pd¯v Im«n Ign-ªn-cp-¶Xn\v asämcp Imc-Wh - p-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. kmaq-ln-I-amb bmsXmcp B[n-]-Xy-hp-ap-|m-¡m³ X§Ä¡v Dt±-iy-anà F¶ PohnX{]Jym-]\w \S-¯n-bmte cmPm-hn\p Iogn "P\-kzm-[o\w' D|m-¡p¶ C¯cw {]hr¯n-IÄ sN¿p-hm³ Ignbp-am-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. ]t£, aäp-Å-h-cpsS sNe-hn-emWv Cu Icp-Wm{]-hm-l§ - s - fÃmw \S-¶n-cp-¶s - X¶v \mw ad-¡c - p-X.v B ]c-¼c - b - psS Ct§-b-ä¯v h¶p \nev¡p-¶- amXr-I-I-fmWv KmÔnbpw \mcm-bW-\psaÃmw. Aev]w-t]mepw P\m-[n-]-Xy-kz-`mhw sXm«p-Xo-|n-bn«n-Ãm¯ Iq«-cmWv Ch-sc-Ãmw-X-s¶. ]«n-Wn-In-St¶m \nÈ_vZX ]ment¨m aäp-Å-hsc am\-kn-I-ambn ]oUn-¸n¨v ChÀ kz´w CjvS§Ä \S-¯n-sb-Sp-¡pw. P\m-[n-]-Xy-coXn-bn tIm¬{KÊv {]knUâmbn Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« kp`mjvN{µt_m-Êns\ amän kz´w XmXv]-cy-¯n\v BÚm-\p-hÀ¯n-bmb cmtP-{µ-{]-km-Zns\ XncnIn¡-b-änb P\m-[n-]-Xy-[zw-kI\mWv "almßm'KmÔn.

Kpcp-¡• - mcpw alm-ßm-¡fpw F§-s\-bmWv \nÀ½n-¡s - ¸-«n-cp¶-sX¶v \mw ap¼v I|pIgn-ª-tÃm. Ch-cp-X] v m-Zn-¸n¨ amXr-IbmWv cmjv{Sobm[n-Imcw hn`-Pn¡-s¸«v P\-§-fn \n£n-]vX-am¡-s¸« P\m-[n-]XykwkvIm-c-¯nepw bmsXmcp km²y-Xm-]-cntim-[\ - t - ]mepw \S-¯msX Bfp-IÄ kmaqly{]hÀ¯-Isc hnebn-cp-¯m-\p-]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶X - v. P\m-[n-]X - y-kw-hn-[m-\¯ - n³Iogn kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯-I-sct¶m cmjv{Sob{]hÀ¯-I-sct¶m Xcw-Xn178

"kzmÀ°-'cmb cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ

cn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã.- Im-cWw Hmtcm ]uc\pw cmjv{So-b-¡m-c-\mWv, AXhÀ a\-Ên-em-¡n-bmepw CsÃ-¦n-epw. cmjv{Sob {]hÀ¯\w atäsXmcp tPment]msebpw Hcp tkh-\-ta-J-e-bm-Wv. FÃm-hÀ¡pw If-IvStdm tUmIvStdm A²ym-]Itcm BIm³ Ign-bm-¯-Xp -t]mse Hcp sXmgn hn`-P-\-am-bn-«p-thWw \mw cmjv{So-bs¯ a\-Ên-em-t¡-|Xpw hne-bn-cp-t¯-|-Xpw. AXn-\m cmjv{Sob {- ]-hÀ¯-\¯ - n-en-Ss - ]-Sp¶ FÃm {]hÀ¯-IÀ¡pw AhÀ ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ ]Z-hn¡pw taJ-e-bv¡p-a-\p-kr-X-ambn i¼fw \nÝ-bn¨p sImSp-t¡-|-Xm-Wv. A§s\ sImSp-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm|p am{X-amWv AhÀ Agn-a-Xn-¡mcpw P\-h-©-I-cp-ambn amdp-¶-Xv. "al-¯p-¡-fmb' cmjv{Sob {]hÀ¯-IÀ ]|p-|m-bn-cp-¶psh¶pw C¶p-Åh-scÃmw X«n¸pw sh«n¸pw \S-¯p-¶-h-cm-sW-¶papÅ \½psS Is|-¯-ep-I-sfÃmw ta¸-dª Imc-W-§Ä sIm|m-Wp|mIp-¶X - .v kmam-\y-P\ - § - f - p-sS-bn-Sb - nÂ\n¶v cmjv{Sobm-h-t_m-[-t¯msS P\m-[n-]-Xy-kw-hn-[m-\s¯ km£m-XvIcn¡m³ Cd-§n-¸p-d-s¸-Sp¶ km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb \s½-t¸m-ep-Å cmjv{So-b¡ - msc Ah-aX - n-¡p-Ibpw A]-am-\n-¡p-Ib - p-aà th|-Xv, adn¨v Ahsc ]cnc£n¡p-I-bm-Wv sNt¿|-Xv. F¶mÂ, \½psS CS-bnÂ\n-¶m-bmepw D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzsa-Sp¡m-¯-, P\m-[n-]-Xy-kw-hn-[m-\-§sf A«n-adn¡p¶, Nqj-Whpw sISp-Im-cy-Ø-Xbpw ssI¡q-enbpw ssIap-X-embn sIm|p-\-S¡p-¶-hsc Xnc-sª-Sp-¡msX, Ahsc A[n-Im-c-ta-e] v n-¡msX t\mt¡| IS-abpw \½p-tS-Xm-Wv. Npcp-§nb]£w A©mwhÀjw A[n-Im-ca - n-ÃmsX thm«p-tNm-Zn-¡m³ \½psS ap¶n h¶p\n¡m-\pÅ "KXn-tISv' AhÀ¡v D|m-Ip-sa¶v \mw HmÀt¡-|Xm-Wv. Hcp cmPm-hn\pw C¯-cs - amcp "Ac-£n-Xm-hØ' Hcn-¡epw D|m-bn-«n-Ã. kp\n-Ýn-X-amb A[n-Im-c-am-bn-cp¶p AhÀ¡p-|mbn-cp-¶-Xv. F{X s\dn-sI-«-h-\m-bmepw cmPm-hnsâ aI³Xs¶ cmPm-hmbn A[n-Im-c¯ - n-te-dn-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m P\m-[n-]X - y-¯nse "A[n-Im-cn-hÀ¤'§Ä¡v F{X-Xs¶ k¼-¯p-|m-bmepw P\-§fpsS ap¶n ssI\o«n thm«p-tNm-Zn-¡msX c|m-as - Xm-cn-¡ÂIqSn A[n-Im-c-¯n-te-dm³ bmsXmcp \nÀÆm-l-hp-an-Ã.

IpSpw_hmgvNI - Ä \S-¡p-¶p-s|-¦n AXn\v \mwXs¶-bmWv D¯-ch - m-Zn-IÄ. t{i-Wo-_² - a - mb \½psS Pohn-t_m-[a - mWv CXn\v Imc-W-sa¶v \½Ä¡dnbmw. {]kn-²-scbpw [\-ap-Å-h-scbpw A[n-Im-c-ap-Å-h-scbpw Ah-cpsS _Ôp-P-\-§-sfbpw ImWpt¼mÄ "Ihm¯p ad-¡p¶' P\wXs¶-bmWv \mw. Ah-cn-eqsS "Imcy-§Ä km[n-s¨-Sp¡mw' F¶v \½Ä¡v \¶mbn Adnbmw.

AXn-\mÂ, X¡w ]mÀ¯n-cn-¡p¶ P\wXs¶-bmWv \mw. kzmX´y-t¯m-sS, ka-Xz-t¯msS s]cp-amdn \½psS "XSn tISm-t¡|m' 179

a\pjycdnbm³

F¶-dn-bm-¯-h-cmbn Bcp-an-Ã. P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw ka-Xz-hp-saÃmw hcWw ]t£, AXv A\y-cpsS sNe-hnÂXs¶ thWw. NpSp-tNmdp-hm-cm-\mbn Nne Ip«n-¡p-c§ - • - m-cpt|m F¶v Npänepw t\m¡pw.

Ah-cpsS [oc-X-sb-¸än Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xnbpw ÇmLn¨pw AÛp-XwIq-dnbpw A§s\ X¡w ]mÀ¯v \mw \n¡pw. AhmÀUv hcpt¼mÄ "Rms\m¶pw Adnªntà cma-\m-cm-bWm' F¶ `mh-¯n ssI¸-äpw. CXp-am-dptam F¶v kwi-b-amWv. F¶ncp¶mepw Npcp-§n-b] - £w "IÅ-•mÀ¡v Iªn'h¨p-sImSp-¡p-¶-h-cmbn \mw amd-cp-Xv. "io{L-K-Xn-'bn Imcy-§Ä \S-¸m¡p-¶Xv ipjvIm-´n-bmbn hymJym-\n-¡-cp-Xv. an¡-t¸mgpw Cu io{L-KX - n-bn P\m-[n-]X - y-[zw-k\w \nÝ-ba - mbn \S-¶n-«p-|m-Ipw. Aev]w Ime-Xm-akw h¶mepw km²y-amb \oXn e`y-am-¡m-\pÅ {ia-amWv ÇmL-\o-b-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv. AXp-t]mse "Imcyw- km-[n-s¨ Sp¡m³' Abm-fmWv anSp-¡³ F¶ `mh-¯n FÃm Agn-aXnbv¡pw Iq«p-\n¡p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. "bYm ]uc³ XYm t\Xm' F¶mWv P\m-[n-]-Xy-kw-kvIm-c-¯nse sNmÃv.

CXn\p adp-hi - a - mbn, KmÔn-sb-t¸m-epÅ, IpSpw-_w t]mäm¯, kz´w {]kn²nam{Xw t\m¡p-¶,-- {]Xn-Ñm-b-IÄam{Xw D¶w-sh¨p Ign-bp¶ kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ D|m-Im-Xn-cn-t¡-|-bm-hiyhpw P\m-[n-]Xy-kw-hn-[m-\-¯nsâ hnP-b-¯n-\\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. {_n«ojv hncp-²-k-a-c-¯nsâ tI{µ-_n-µp-hmbn KmÔn D]-tbm-Kn¨ JmZn D]-tbm-Khpw CwKvfojv an DXv]m-ZnX hkv{X-_-ln-jvIc-Whpw Hcp ka-c-co-Xn-sb-¶-\n-e-bn ià-hpw h³hn-Pbw t\Sn-b-X-pamWv. Ncn-{X-¯nse BZys¯ kam-[m-\-k-l\ka-c-co-Xn-IÄ F¶ \ne-bn Ch \nkvXp-e-hpam-Wv. ]t£, kzmX-{´ym-\-´-c-Im-e¯v JmZn DSp-¡p-Ibpw ka-c-Im-e¯v F§s\ Ign-ªn-cp-¶pthm AtXt]mseXs¶ XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\v F´v D¯-c-am-bncn¡pw KmÔnbv¡v D|m-hpI? "{Kma-kz-cmPv' F¶ Imev]-\nI km¼-¯nI kwhn-[m-\-kz-]v\-§Ä CXn\v D¯-c-am-hp-I-bn-Ã.

F¶m Xsâ {]Xn-Ñm-bmkw-c-£-W-a-ÃmsX asäm-cp-e-£yhpw AXn CÃ-X-s¶. apÃm- \kpdp±osâ A`n-{]m-b-¯n "ao³-]nSn¨Xn-\p-ti-jhpw he-Np-a-¶p\S¡p-¶-hsâ KXn-tI-S'm-W-Xv. kz´w {]Xn-Ñm-bb - n IpSp-§nb alm-•m-cpsS KXn-tI-Sm-WX - v.

C\n CXv KXn-tI-Ss - Ã-¦nÂ, \nÝ-ba - mbpw AXn\v KqV-e£ - y-ap-|.v AXv asäm-¶pw-Xs¶bÃ; AXv `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-¯n\v ]pd¯v Hc[n-Im-c-tI-{µ-ambn XpS-cm-\pÅ sImXn-am-{X-amWv. Xm³ t\Xr-XzwsIm-Sp¯ kacw hnP-bn-¨n«v A[n-Im-c-¯n Ib-dmsX X\n-¡nsXm¶pw th| F¶-\n-e-bn XpS-cp-¶Xv al-¯z-sam-¶p-a-Ã.

A[n-Im-c-¯n-te-dn-bm bYmÀ°-¯n km²y-am-b, ITn\ Xocpam-\§ - s - f-Sp-¡p-hm³ _m²yX D|m-Ip-sa-¶d - n-bp¶-XpsIm-|mWv 180

"kzmÀ°-'cmb cmjv{So-b-¡mÀ

alm-•mÀ Dufnbn-«p-I-f-bp-¶Xv. am{X-hp-a-Ã, Cu Xocp-am-\-§Ä "\njv]£ - a - m-Im³' Hcp-Xc - ¯ - nepw km²y-aà - . AsXm-gn-hm¡n "\à a\p-jy'sâ {]Xn-Ñmb \ne-\nÀ¯m-\pÅ hy{K-X-bmWv Cu A[nImc]cn-Xym-K¯ - nsâ ZpjvSe - m¡v. CXv D¯-ch - m-Zn-Xz]-cn-Xym-Ka - mWv AÃmsX A[n-Im-c-]-cn-Xym-K-a-Ã. kzmX-´y-k-a-c-¯n-eqsS t\Sn-sb-Sp¯ P\-k-½Xn C§s\ kz´w {]Xn-Ñmbm]cn-t]m-jW - ¯ - n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn¨v, `c-Wk - w-hn[m-\-¯n\p ]pd¯v A[n-Im-c-tI-{µ-am-bn-hÀ¯n¨v, kz´w CjvS§Ä \S-¯n-sb-Sp-¡p¶Xv A{X henbIm-cy-sam-¶p-a-Ã-tÃm. Cu CjvS-§Ä ]W-k-¼m-Z-\-a-söv \ap¡-dnbmw adn¨v bÈxÊv BÀ Ön-¡p-I-bmWv e£yw. C¯c-¯n {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-hscm¶pwXs¶ P\m-[n-]-Xy-kw-hn-[m-\-¯nsâ amXr-I-IfÃ, Bhp-I-bpwsN-bvXp-Iq-Sm. Km-Ôn-bpsS "cà-km£n-Xz-¯n\v' ]Xn-s\«v Znh-k§Ä¡vap¼v 1948 P\p-hcn 12\v At±lw C§s\ ]dªp: "Fs¶ acn¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡p-I. Rm³ im´-ambn acWw hcn-¡-s«.

Fsâ {]Xo-£-IÄ km£m-XvIcn-¡-s¸-Sp-sa¶v Icp-Xmw. C´ybpsS \miw I¬ap-¼n ImWp-¶X - n\v apt¼ acWw hcn-¡p-¶Xv F\n-s¡mcp at\m-lc - a - mb tamN-\a - m-Wv.' Cu hm¡p-If - nse ZpxJw a\-Ên-em¡mw; ]t£, AXn kq£va-ambn AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-cm-lnXyw, kzbw c£-s¸Sm-\pÅ hy{KX \½psS {i²-bnÂs¸-Sm-sX-t]m-bn-¡q-Sm....

B[p-\nIIme¯v \½psS ap¶nepÅ Gähpw \à amXrI s\Âk¬ at|-e-bm-Wv. Htc kabw ITn-\-amb kacw \S¯n hnP-bn-¡p-Ibpw D¯-chmZnXz-t¯msS A[n-Im-c-¯n-te-dp-Ibpw {]mb-am-b-XpsIm|v AtX D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t¯msS A[n-Im-c-w aäp-Å-hÀ¡p th|n H-gn-bp-Ibpw sNbvX hyànbmWv At±lw. am{X-hp-aà Fgp-]-¯n-bmdmw hb-Ên t{]an-¡m\pw CjvS-ap-Å-htcm-sSm¯v Pohn-¡m\pw At±lw `b-¶n-Ã. Chn-sS-bmWv {]Xn-Ñmb \ne-\nÀ¯m-\pÅ sh¼Â At±-l-¯n CÃmsb¶v \mw a\-Ênem-¡p-¶-Xv. bYmÀ° B[p-\n-I-]u-csâ kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ D¯-a D-Zm-lc - WamWXv. AÃmsX kXym-t\z-jW - ] - c - o-£W - s - a¶ t]cn \á-\mbn sNdp-s]¬Ip-«n-I-fpsS \Sp-hnÂIn-S¶v kz´w enwKw D²-cn-¡p-¶pt|m F¶v t\m¡p-¶Xv Im]-Sy-am-Wv, D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzcm-ln-Xyam-W.v Xsâ ]co-£W - § - Ä¡v hnt[-bc - m-Ip¶ Ip«n-If - psS a\-Ên-Ik - ½ - À±-s¯-¸ä - ntbm Ah- Ahcnep-|m-¡p¶ BLmX§ sf-¸-äntbm Hcp \nan-j-sa-¦nepw "A\yÀ¡v th|nblÀ¶n-iw {- ]-bXv\w sNbvXn-Sp¶ Ir]-WX - h - n« Ir]m-ep-hmbn' Adnbs¸-Sp¶ Ct±lw HmÀ¯n-«pt|m? Xsâ {]Xn-Ñmb hÀ²n-¸n-¡p¶ Xnc-¡n F§s\ HmÀ¡m³....

181

t_mt[m-Z-b-¯nsâ s]mcpÄ

"Rm³ bmÀ' F¶v Xncp-h® - m-ae - b - n-en-cp¶v ca-W³ tNmZn¡p-t¼mÄ CXn-\¸ - p-ds - ¯mcp tNmZy-an-söpw Cu tNmZy¯n-\p-¯-c-a-dn-ª-hÀ "kÀhw sXcn©' BÄ BIpsa¶pw FÃm-hcpw ]dªp tIÄ¡m-dp--|.v Cu tNmZy-¯n\p-¯cw Is|-¯n-bm Hcp hncnª ]qhp-t]m-sebmIpw \msa¶pw AXnÂ\n¶pw kpKÔw \mep-]mSpw Hgp-In-sb¯n Cu Adn-hp-tX-Sn-b-e-bp¶ h|p-I-sfbpw tX\o-¨-I-sfbpw BIÀjn¨v Bßm\-µ-¯nsâ a[p-hnemgv¯n Ahsc A`n-ca - n-¸n-¡p-sa¶pw ]dªp tIÄ¡mdp-|.v "Rm³ Bcm-W?v , Cu temIw FhnsS\n¶p-|mbn?'

F¶ c|p tNmZy-§tf temI-¯p-Åq-sh¶mWv thZm-´nIÄ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. CXn c|m-as¯ tNmZy-¯n\v \mw D¯cw ]dªp Ign-ª-p. thZm-´nsb kw_-Ôn-¨n-St¯mfw Cu {]]©w t_m[- ¯ nÂ\n¶v kÀÖ\w sNbv X v , AXm- b Xv ]pd- t ¯¡p XÅn- h ¶,v Ds|¶v tXm¶n-¸n-¨,v t_m[-¯nsâ aq¶p Xe-§f - n-eqsS þ Pm{K-¯,v kz]v\w, kpjp-]vXn þ {]I-Sn-X-ambn A¶¶v ho|pw kp]vXa - m-Ip¶ H¶p am{X-am-W.v \me-at- ¯-sX¶v AÀ°w hcp¶ "Xpcyw' hm¡p-IÄsIm|v tZymXn-¸n-¡m³ Ignbm-¯-Xm-sW¶pw ]t£, AXmWv FÃm-¯n-sâbpw {]`-hØ - m-\s - a¶pw AhÀ ]d-bp-¶p. Rms\¶p ]d-bp¶ t_m[- ¯ nsâ DÅnÂ\n¶v s]m´n- h ¶v Ds|¶pw Csöpw Htc-t]mse ]d-bm-hp-¶Xmbpw Hcn-¡epw "a\Ên-em-¡m³' Ign-bm¯ Hc-Ûp-Xa - mbpw Cu temIw Ahti-jn-¡p-¶p.- C-Xns\ "Ahn-Zy'sbt¶m "AÚm-\'sat¶m "amb-'sbt¶m "eoe'-sbt¶m "Ieym-W-I-tf-_-c'sat¶m {]-I-c-W-t`-Z-a-\p-k-cn¨v hyXy-kvX-ambn hnfn-¨pt]m-cp-¶p.

"Atlm, Atlm' F¶p B\µm\p-`-h-]-c-ambn thZm´n-IÄ hnfn-¡p¶ Cu Bß-t_m[w AsÃ-¦n Rms\¶ t_m[w B[p-\nI kncm-hn-Úm-\o-b¯ - n-sâtbm \mUohyq-l-im-kv{X-¯n-sâtbm ap¶n F§-s\-bmWv InS182

t_mt[m-Z-b-¯nsâ s]mcpÄ

¡p-¶s - X¶v \ap-s¡m¶p t\m¡mw. P\n¨v ]pd-¯p-h¶ \mÄsXm«v AI-t¯¡pw ]pd-t¯¡pw F¶ \ne-bn {]Xn-{]-hÀ¯n¨v AXmbXv sIm|pw sImSp¯pw kmh-[m\w cq]-s¸-Sp¶ a\pjyakvXnjv¡-s¯-¸än \mw ap¼p-Xs¶ I|pI-gnªp. Hmtcm A\p`haWvUe - ¯ - n\pw Ah-b§ - Ä¡pw A\p-cq-]a - mbn a\p-jy-ak - X v n-jv ¡-¯n hyXykvX {]tZ-i-§fps|¶pw \mw I|pIgn-ª-tÃm.

B[p- \ nIIme¯v A]- k v a mcw apX amc- I - a mb Iym³kÀ _m[n¨pw AXym-ln-X-§Ä kw`-hn¨pw F¯n-t¨-cp¶ tcmKn-Isf NnIn-Õn-¡p¶ tUmIvSÀamÀ Xncn¨dnª [mcmfw "hyànXz khnti-jX-IÄ' tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸«n«p-|v. Ignª Ccp-\qdp hÀjwsIm|v k©n-X-ambn hfÀ¶ Cu Adnhn\v Ct¶-Xm|v {]mb]qÀ¯n-bm-bn-«p-|v.

P\n-¡p-t¼mÄ hcn-Ibpw acn-¡p-t¼mÄ Cd-§n-t¸m-hp-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw BIm-i-¯n-cp¶v XmSn¡p ssIbpwsImSp¯v ]p\ÀÖ\n-¡m³ \Ã-bn-Shpw t\m¡n-bn-cn-¡p¶ Poh\pw Asæn Cu P•-§-sfÃmw D|m-Ip-¶p-sh¶v kzbw tXm¶nbpw {`an¨pw s]s«¶v shfn-]m-Sp-h¶v Xsâ Cu hnUvVn-¯t-- amÀ¯v s]m«n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Bßmhpw Hs¡-bmb Cu t_m[w Hcp apdn-hnÃm-¯, Agn-hn-Ãm-¯, km{µ-am-b, L\o-`h - n-¨, GI-Xz-amb A\p-`h -ambn thZm-´n-IÄ a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mÄ Hmtcmtcm \«pw t_mÄ«pw Ducn Sbdpw hoepw amdn, F³Pn\pw t_mUnbpw thsd-bmbn Hcp sa¡m-\n-¡nsâ hÀ¡vtjm¸n NnX-dn-¡n-S-¡p¶ Imdp-t]m-sebmWv \mUo-hyq-l-im-kv{X-ÚÀ¡v.

Xe-bvs¡m-c-Sn-tb-äm ca-Wsâ AÛ-pX-I-c-amb B "Rm³' ]pI-ªp-t]m-Ipw. Cu "Rm\n-'sÃ-¦nepw _m¡n-sbÃmw {]hÀ¯n¡pw. Aev] w A]- k v a mcw Ds|- ¦ n cma- I r- j v W - s \- t ¸mse {]]©w AJ-WvUhpw GIhpw B\-µ-Xp-µn-e-hp-am-bn-tXm-¶pw.

CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡v "Bß-\nÀhr-Xn'-bm t_m[w-sI«v hogp-I-bp-amhmw. Xe-bn-eqsS Hcp I¼n Ib-dn-t¸m-bm Nne-t¸mÄ Hcn-¡epw thZ\ Fs´-¶-dn- b n- à , Nne- t ¸mÄ A½ Bsc-¶-dn-bn-Ã, aäp Nnet¸mÄ {]]- © - a p- | v , Rm\nÃ, AsÃ- ¦ n Rm\mWv Cu temIs¯ c£n-t¡-|-h³, AXn-\mbn P\n-¨-h³ Fs¶Ãmw tXm¶pw. XqWnepw Xpcp-¼nepw \mcm-bW - s\ ImWp-¶p-s|-¦n NnInÕ \nÝ-bw. Nne Znhy-•mÀ¡v Cu \mcm-b-W-ZÀi\w "kzm`mhnI'amWv, AXp-t]mse X§Ä¡pw thW-sa¶v IcpXn sImSpw X]Êpw P]hpw [ym\hpw XoÀ°-bm-{X-Ifpw \S¯n P•w hn^-eam-¡p¶ injy-•mcmIs« Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n-\pw. km[m-c-W-bmbn Cu injy-•mÀ icWw {]m]n-¡p¶ bpàn "Cu P•w \ap¡v km[n ¡ - n-Ã, ASp¯ P•-¯n \à Ipe-¯n P\n¨v CXv km[n-s¨-Sp-¡mw' 183

a\pjycdnbm³

F¶mWv. Ignª P•w sNbvXph¨n-cp-¶X - nsâ XpSÀ¨- Bbn«mWv Kpcp-¡• - mÀ P\n-¨t- ¸mÄXs¶ C§s\ kw`-hn-¨s - X-¶mWv C¯cw bpàn-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\w. F´p ]d-bm³, CsXÃmw I|v klX-]n-¡mt\ \ap¡v \nhr¯n-bpÅq. ]|p-Im-e¯v D]-\n-jXv Ejn-IÄ sIm|m-Snb A\p-`-h-§Ä sXm«v i¦-c³, cma-Ir-jvW³, hnth-Im-\µ - ³, \mcm-bW - ³, ca-W³ hsc ]d-ªn-cp¶ Bßo-bm-\p-`-h-§Ä tUmIvSÀam-cpsS ap¼n h¶p \nev¡p¶ akvXn-jvIt - cm-K_ - m-[n-Xc - mb tcmKn-IÄ \nc-´cw A\p-`h - n-¡p-¶p-s|-¶pÅ hkvXpX \s½ AÔm-fn-¸n-¡p-IX - s¶ sN¿pw. Bß-Úm-\¯ - n-tâ-Xmb X¯z-Nn-´b - psS A`m-h¯ - n Ch-cmcpw ca-Wt\m \mcm-b-Wt\m BIp-¶nà F¶p am{Xw. Cu Bßo-bm-\p-`-h§Ä FÃmwXs¶ H¶p-c|v Ce-Ivt{Sm-Up-I-fpsS klm-b-t¯msS Hcp kncm-hn-Úm-\ob-im-kv{X-Ú\v \ap-¡n¶v A\p-`h - t- h-Zy-am-¡n-¯c - m³ Ign-bpw. IqSp-hn«p IqSp-am-dp¶ hnZytbm, Ah-\-hs\ kzbw t\m¡p¶ hnZytbm, kzi-co-c-¯n\p ]pd-In \ng-embn \S-¡p¶ hnZytbm, BIm-i-¯p-\n¶v kz´w icocw t\m¡p¶ hnZytbm GXp thW-sa-¦nepw Cu imkv{X-Ú-cpsS em_n \s½ A\p-`-hn-¸n-¡m³ AhÀ¡v C¶p Ign-bpw. Cu Bßo-bm-\p-`-h-§Ä \nÝn-X-Xp-Ibv¡v Xc-am-¡m-hp¶ It^-IÄ hfsc Xma-kwhn\m \½psS \K-cm-\p-`-h-ambn amdpw. ab-¡p-a-cp¶p-IÄ¡pw aZy--¯n\pw FÃm A¸-\½ssZh-§Ä¡pw amÀ¡änSn- b p- s a¶v \nÝ- b w. ChnsS tNt¡- d p¶ bph- X o- b p- h m- ¡ sf F§s\ ]n³Xn-cn-¸n-¡m-sa-¶m-bn-cn¡pw A¶s¯ am²y-a-þ-k-ZmNmc t]meo-kp-I-fpsS NÀ¨-IÄ F¶v Ct¸mtg \ap¡v {]h-Nn-¡m\mIpw. tImSn-¡-W-¡n\p hÀjw-sIm|v ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-ambn cq]-s¸« t_m[w \½psS PohnXhnP-b¯ - n\p klm-ba - m-bX - p-sIm|v GIo`mhw ssIh-cn¨p F¶-ÃmsX thZm´n-IÄ a\-Ên-em¡pwt]mse FÃmw Agn-ªmepw Agn-bmsX \n¡p¶ H¶-Ã. AX-gn-s¨-Sp¯mÂ, \«pw t_mÄ«pw hoepw Sbdpw tUmdpw t_mUnbpw F³Pn\p-saÃmw Agn-s¨-Sp-¯mÂ, A{]-Xy£-am-Ip¶ Imdp-t]m-se-Xs - ¶bm-Wv. ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb Bh-iy-¯m tImSn-¡-W-¡n\p tImi§-fp-sSbpw Ah tNÀ¶p-|mb Ah-b-h-§-fp-sSbpw Hcp GtIm]\w Bh-iy-ambn h¶Xp am{X-amWv Cu tLmjn-¡-s¸« Bßt_m-[w. AÃmsX FÃm-än\pw ASn-Øm-\hpw kÀÆhpw kÀÖ\w sN¿m-\pÅ {]-`-h-tI-{µtam H¶p-aà Cu "Rm³'. Aev]-kzev]w NnIn-Õbpw temI-hn-Úm-\hpw sImSp-¯m an¡ Bß-Úm\n-IÄ¡pw tem-IbmYmÀ°y-¯n-te¡v "tam£w' \evIm-hp-¶-tXbp-Åq.

184

t_mt[m-Z-b-¯nsâ s]mcpÄ

Cu Rm³ "km£nkz-cq]'\mbn \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xn\p Imc-Ww, AXv ]n¡m-e¯v cq]-s¸-«-Xp-sIm-|p-X-s¶-bm-Wv. [ym\n¨v shfn-s¸-tS| Hcp cl-ky-hp-an-hn-Sn-Ã. Btem-Nn-¨mÂXs¶ AXnsâ kzcq]w hyà-am-Ipw. "{]Ir-Xn'bnÂ\n¶pw `n¶-amb Hcp "]pcpj's\ Is|-¯p-¶Xpw "iàn'bn \n¶pw `n¶-amb "inh's\ Is|-¯p¶Xpamb X¯z-Nn-´I - s - fÃmw DZv`q-Xa - m-Ip-¶Xn\p ImcWw Poh-\p-|mbn ]n¡m-e¯v cq]-s¸« Cu "Rm³' Imc-W-am-Wv. ico-c-¯nÂ\n¶pw `n¶-ambn \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ Cu t_m[w \nÝ-b-ambpw ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb Hcm-\p-Iqeyw Pohn-Isf¶ \ne-bn \ap¡v \ÂIn-bn-«p-|m-IWw; AsÃ-¦n AXp XpS-cn-Ã. Cu A\p-`hw Pohn-X-¯n\v IqSp-X AÀ°w \ÂIp-¶Xn\pw sa¨-s¸« A\p-`hw \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw CS-h-cp-¯n-bn-«p|v. _lp-kz-Xz-t_m-[hpw AXn\\p-kr-X-amb aqey-t_m-[hpw Cu thdn« "Bß-t_m['hpw Pohn-Xs-¯ IqSp-X Bg-¯n-e-\p-`-hn¡m³ \s½ {]m]vX-cm-¡n-bn-«p-|v. aqey-§-fpsS Ipgm-adn¨nepw Bßo-b-kw-{Xm-k-§fpw km£n-kz-cq-]-Xzhpw FÃmw "Pohn-X-KpW-]-cX' Iq«p-¶-Xmbn I|m \½Ä¡v Cu sXän-²m-cW Hcp \à Imcy-ambn IW-¡m-¡mw.... Cu Imc-W-§-fmWv Bßo-bm\p-`-h-§-fmb kmln-Xy-I-em-ta-J-e-Isf k¼p-jvS-am-¡m³ CS-h-cp¯n-bX - .v Bß-Úm\w tXSn-bpÅ FÃm Ae-¨n-ep-IÄ¡pw kmlnXy-kr-jS v n-IÄ¡pw Cu thdn-«p-\n¡p¶ A\p-`h - a - mb "Rm\mWv' Imc-Ww. F¶mÂ, PohnXw Hcp A\p-kyqX{]{Inbbmbn \mw a\-Ên-em¡m-¯-Xp-sIm-|mWv Cusbmcp sXän-²m-c-W-bnÂ, AXm-bXv CXv thdn«p \n¡pIXs¶-bmWv F¶v, \mw F¯n-t¨-cp-¶-Xv. FÃmw \nb-{´n-¡p-¶, FÃm Xocp-am-\-§Ä¡pw D¯-c-hm-Zn-bmb Hcp IÀ¯mhmb "Rm³' DÅn-sem-fn-¨n-cp-¸p-s|¶ t_m[-amWv \ap-¡p-Å-Xv. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ Hcp Rm\n-sÃ-¶-dn-bp-I. C§s\ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ FÃmw hn[n \nÀ®o-Xa - m-sW¶v ]d-bp-Ib - à - . hn[n-bnepw PmX-I-¯nepw hniz-kn-¡p-¶-hÀ, Hcp kn\na ]nSn-¨p-h-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xp-t]mse, FÃmw ap³Iq«n \nÝ-bn-¨p-d-¸n¨p h¨n-cn-¡p-I-bmsW¶pw \mw AXnse IYm-]m-{X-§-fmbn BSpI am{X-am-sW¶pw Icp-Xp-¶p. HmSp¶ doen shfn-¨a - S- n-¡p¶ `mKw F§-s\-bmtWm Xnc-Èo-e-bn ]Xnªv Ne-\-ap-Å-Xmbn \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv, AXpt]m-se-bmWv PohnXw \mw A\p-`-hn¡p-¶-sX¶pw AhÀ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. C§s\ A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xns\ \mw "hÀ¯-am\w' AsÃ-¦n "Ct¸mÄ' F¶v hnfn-¡p-¶s - X¶pw AhÀ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. ]t£, hn[nhnizm-khpw ssZh-hn-izm-khpw H¯p-t]m-Ip-I-bnÃm-sb¶pt]mepw ChÀ a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶n-Ã. hn[nhnizm-khpw ssZh185

a\pjycdnbm³

hn-izm-khpw H¶n-¨p-|m-b-X-Ã. AXv c|v Nn´m-]-²-Xn-I-fm-Wv. ]n¡m- e ¯v H¶m- b n- ¯ oÀ¶- X m- W v . AXmWv C¯csamcp sshcp²yw \mw Ah-bn ImWp-¶X - .v hn[n hnizm-ka - \ - p-kc - n-¨mWv Imcy-§Ä kw`-hn-¡p-¶-sX¶v ]d-ªm ]ns¶ ssZh-¯n\v \n¡m-\n-S-an-Ã, sN¿m-s\m¶p-ap-|m-Ip-I-bp-anÃ. AÃ, ssZhw \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse Imcy-§Ä amäm³ Ign-bp-sa-¦n ]ns¶ hn[n-sbs¶m¶nà F¶pw hcpw. \½psS {]mÀ°-\-sIm|v AXmbXv kzIÀ½w-sIm|v `mhn \nÀ½n-¡m-sa¶p h¶m hn[n-t]mse Imcy-§Ä \S¡pw F¶v F§s\ ]d-bm-\m-Ipw? Cu c|p hniz-m khpw C¶v ssItImÀ¯p-]n-Sn¨p \n¡p-¶Xv AXv c|p Iq«À¡pw Hcp-t]mse KpW-am-b-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. {]mÀ°\, sNe-hp-sNbvXp \S-¯nb ]qPIÄ XpS-§nb "IÀ½§Ä'-sIm|v ^ew e`n¨n-sæn ISp¯ hn[n-bm-sW¶v kam-[m-\n-¡m³ `àsc AXv ]cp-h -s¸-Sp-¯pw. Imcy-§Ä \S-¶m AXv ssZh-¯n\p IqSp-X hcpam-\-ap-|m-¡pw. ssZh-¯n\pw tPymÕy\pw A¡u-|-_n-fnän AsÃ-¦n IW-¡p-]-d-¨n Bh-iy-an-Ãm-¯-Xn-\m t]Sn-t¡| Imcy-hp-an-Ã. c|m-bmepw `à-cpsS Imcyw t]m¡p-X-s¶, aSnioe Agn-ª-Xp-Xs¶, hgn-]m-Sp-sIm-Sp¯v apSn-ª-Xp-Xs¶.

B´-cn-I-ambn Ccp¶v \s½ \bn-¡p¶, ]cn-]qÀ® IÀ¯rXzapÅ Hcp Rm\pw CÃ, FÃmw \nÀ®o-X-amb `mhn-bp-anà F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ ]ns¶ F§s\ Pohs\ a\-Ên-em-¡Ww? CXv hfsc kq£v a - a mbn a\- Ê n- e m- t ¡| H¶m- W v . \½psS akv X n- j v I w ]t©{µn-b-§-fn-eqsS IS-¶p-h-cp¶ _mly-amb At\Iw tNmZ-\I-fm \nc-´cw {]tIm-]n-Xa - m-bn-s¡m|ncn-¡p-¶ H¶mWv. AtX kabwXs¶ ico- c- ¯n- \ p- Å n ]e- X- e- §-fn-embn \S-¡ p-¶ tImSn¡-W-¡n\v {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä At§m«pw Ct§m«pw {]Xn-{]hÀ¯n¨v kzbw kw`hn-¡p-¶ Htc-tIm-]\hpap|v. ]t£, C§s\ \S-¡p¶ tImSn-¡-W-¡n-\p-h-cp¶ {]tIm-]-\-§fpw {]hÀ¯-\§-fpw D|m-Ip-¶Xn hf-sc-¡p-d¨p am{Xta \mw "t_m[']qÀÆw Adnbmdp-Åq. Cu t_m[-]qÀÆw Adnbp¶Xp am{X-amWv \mw \½psS {]hr¯ntbm Nn´-tbm- Bbn "Xncn-¨-dn-bm-dp-Åq'. ]t£, Cu Xncn-¨-dnª Nn´-Itfm {]hr¯n-Itfm ]cn-tim-[n-¨p AhF´psIm|v A§s\Xs¶ kw`hn¨p F¶v ho|pw tNmZn-¨m \ap¡v AXn\v D¯-c-ap-|m-In-Ã. \mw ap³]v kqNn-¸n-¨-Xpt]mse ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-ambn Hcm-h-iy-sa¶ \ne-bn Htc-tIm-]\w kw`-hn-¨Xn Ihnªv asäm¶pw Xs¶ ChnsSbnÃ. Cu GtIm-]-\-`m-h s¯bmWv \mw Rms\¶v hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. AXv ta¸-dª {]hÀ ¯-\-§-fp-tStbm Nn´-I-fp-tStbm D¯-c-hm-Zntbm IÀ¯mthm AÃ. Cu \S-¡p¶ At\Iw kw`-h§-fn Hc-cp-Ip-]än \n¡p¶ 186

t_mt[m-Z-b-¯nsâ s]mcpÄ

H¶p am{Xw, hfsc¡pd¨v Imcy-§-fn am{Xw Aev]-kzev]w D¯ chmZnXzw t]dm³ Ign-bp¶ H¶p am{Xw. \½psS Xe-t¨mdv c|v hyXykvX `mK-§-fm-bn-«mWv cq]-s¸-«n-cn -¡p-¶-Xv. Chsb X½n tNÀ¡p¶ hÅnt]mse \o| Hcp kncmtIm-ia - p-|.v Hcp `mK¯v \S-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä adp-`m-K¯v Adn-bn¨v X½n-semcp CW-¡-ap-|m¡n c|v `mK-§fpw Hs¯m-cpatbmsS {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ Cu hÅn-bmWv klm-bn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. A]-kvamc NnIn-Õ-bpsS `mK-ambn \mev]-Xp-hÀjw ap³]v tUmIvS-d-•mÀ Iptd tcmKn-I-fpsS akvXn-jvI-¯n Ch apdn¨v c|m¡n. Cu NnIn-Õ-bpsS ^e-ambn A]-kvam-c-sa¶ ZpxÊ-lm-\p-`hw tcmKnIÄ adn- I - S - ¡ p- I - b p- | m- b n. F¶mÂ, AhÀ¡v Fs´- ¦ nepw Ipdthm hyXym-k-§tfm h¶-Xmbn NnIn-Õ-bv¡v hnt[-b-cm-b-hÀ Adn-ªXp-X-s¶bn-Ã. ]t£, kncm-hn-Úm-\o-b-im-kv{X-ÚÀ Ch-sc¸än \S-¯nb kq£va]T-\§ - Ä Cu [mc-W ]mtS Xncp-¯n¡p-dn-¨p. Xe-t¨m-dnse he-Xp-hiw icoc-¯nsâ CS-Xp-`m-Ks¯ \nb-{´n-¡p-¶X - m-sW¶pw CS-Xphiw he-Xp-`m-Ks¯ \nb-{´n-¡p¶-Xm-sW¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-ªp. asäm-¶,v CS-Xp-`m-K¯ - mWv Iem-km-ln-Xy-þ-`mjm Ign-hp-IÄ Øm\-ap-d-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-sX¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡n. AXp-t]mse \½psS DÅn-en-cp¶p Øncambn Ie]ne kwkm-cn¨v ]e-]e kw`-h-§sf Iq«n-bn-W¡n Imcyhni-Zo-IcWw \S-¯p¶ kq{X-[m-c³ CSXp-`mK-¯mWv Itk-c-bn-«n-cn-¡p¶-sX¶pw Is|-¯m³ Ign-ªp. hÅn apdn-¨-h-cpsS heXp-hi¯p \S-¡p-¶-sXm¶pw CSXp-hi¯ncn-¡p¶ kq{X-[m-c\v Adn-bm³ Ign-bn-Ã. ]t£, CsXm¶pw Cu hnZzm\v {]iv\-tabÃ, adp-h-i¯p \S¡p-¶-Xn-s\-¸än H¶p-adnbnsÃ-¦nepw Imcy-Im-c-W_-²-X-tbmsS Xsâ kzX-Ên-²-amb ssien-bn Imcy-hn-i-Zo-IcWw AbmÄ \S-¯pw. Cu hni-Zo-I-c-W-amWv Pohn-X-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨ Hgn-hn-ÃmsX \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xn\p Imc-Ww. IqSp-X ]T-\§ - f - n-eqsS heXp-hi - ¯pw Hcp GtIm-]\ IÀ¯m-hp-s|¶pw Is|-¯n. ]t£, Ct±-l¯ - nsâ km¶n²yw A{X {]I-Sa - à - m-¯Xp ImcWw \mw Adn-bm-dp-Xs - ¶-bn-Ã. HcmÄ am{Xta DÅn-epÅq F¶ [mcW-bmWv ChnsS XIÀ¶p Xcn-¸-W-am-b-Xv. ]e-]e Bh-iy §Ä¡mbn ]e-]e tI{µ-§-fmbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ akvXnjvIw C§s\ Nne GtIm-]-\-§-fn-eqsS Hcp GI-Iw-t]mse {]hÀ¯n¡p-¶X - mbn \mw A\p-`h - n-¡p-Ib - m-W.v AÃmsX AI¯v \mw Icp -Xp-¶-Xp-t]mse D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-apÅ Hcp IÀ¯m-hn-Ã.

C¶v FwBÀsF kvIm\ns\¸än an¡-hÀ¡pw Adnbmw. ]t£, Cu FwBÀsF kvIm\n\v Ccp-]-Xp-hÀjw ap³]v Hcp hI-t`Zw D|m-bn-«p-|v. AXnsâ t]À ^M-vj-W FwBÀsF F¶m-Wv. 187

a\pjycdnbm³

AXm-bXv F^v-Fw-BÀ-sF. CXnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-coXn \mw Hmtcm {]hr¯n- sN-¿p-t¼mgpw AsÃ-¦n Hmtcm¶pw Nn´n-¡p-t¼mgpw \½psS akvXn-jvI-¯n kw`-hn-¡p¶ cà-tbm-«¯nsâ thentb-ä-§sf AXp ImWn-¡p-sa-¶-Xm-Wv. Cu Gä-¡p-d-¨n-ep-I-fpsS A\p-]m-X-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v imkv{X-ÚÀ¡v \mw Hcp kµÀ`-¯n-\\p-kr-Xa - mbn F´mWv Nn´n-¡p-¶s - X-¶v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]d-bm³ Ign-bpw. ]t£, ChnsS kqNn-¸n-¡m³ Dt±-in-¡p¶ Imcy-a-X-Ã. \½psS akvXn-jvI-¯n \S-¡p¶ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡p tijw Gähpw Npcp-§n-bX - v 350 anÃnsk-¡âp-sXm«v(anÃn-sk-¡â - þ-v s - k-¡ ânsâ Bbn-c-¯n-sem¶v) Bdv sk-¡âp-hsc IgnªXn\p ti-j-amWv \mw B Nn´-I-sf-¸än AdnbmdpÅq F¶ hkvXpX bmWv. CXv imkv{X-Úsc sXsÃm-¶p-aà A¼-c¸ - n-¨X - .v AXm-bXv \mw \½psS "kz´w' Nn´-I-sf¶v hnfn-¡p-¶-Xn-te¡v kzb-ap-Wcp-¶Xv AXv kw`-hn¨v Ipsd Ign-ª-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv. ]cn-tim-[m \msajo\pw ]cn-tim-[-I\pw \mw F´v ]d-bm³ t]mIp¶p F¶dn-ª-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv \mwXs¶ AXdnbp¶-Xv. C¯-c-samcp hnS-hp-|m-Ip-sa¶v Bcpw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]t£, ]cn-Wm-a] - c - a - mbn a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mÄ CXv AÛp-Xa - mbn Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶n-Ã. Cu GtIm-]\w kw`-hn-¡m¯ Pohn-I-fmWv _lp-`q-cn-]-£-hpw. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v Hcp ac-¯n-s\-sb-Sp-¯m AXn\v Hcp tI{µo-IrX CS--an-Ã, ]t£, AXpw Pohn-¡p-¶p-|v.

AXm-bXv C¯-c-samcp tI{µo-Ir-X-bnSw Pohn-X-¯n\v A\n-hm-cyaÃ. A¯cw Poh\p-I-fnÂ\n¶pw ]cn-W-an¨p cq]-s¸« Poh³ am{X-amWv \s½-t¸m-epÅ k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-IÄ. AXn-\m k¦oÀ®Po-hn-I-fn ]cn-Wm-a-¯n\p hnt[-b-amb Pohn-I-fnepÅ {]{In-bIfpw ]pXn-b-Xmbn cq]-s¸« {]{In-b-Ifpw Htc-t]mse kwtbm-Pn¸n-¡-s¸«v \n¡p-¶p-|mhpw. A§-s\-bmWv _lp-`q-cn-]£w {]{In-b-I-sf-¸än Adnbm¯ Hcp "IÀ¯mhmb Rm³' D|m-Ip-¶Xn\v Imc-W-am-Ip¶-Xv. CXv \nÝ-b-ambpw ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb Hcp B\p-Iq-ey-ap-|m-¡n-bn-cn-¡-Ww. Imcy-§Ä GtIm-]n-¸n¨v apt¶m«p-sIm-|p-t]m-Ip-¶Xn\v hÀ¤-]-c-amb ap³ssI \s½-t¸m-epÅ Pohn-IÄ¡v In«n-bX - n-\m AXv kz`m-hnI Xncsª-Sp-¸n\v hnt[b-ambn ]cnWan¨v cq]-s¸-«XmsW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡mw.

F¶mÂ, Pohn-Xs¯ Hscm-gn-hn-Ãm¯ {]{In-b-bmbn a\-Ênem¡p¶-hÀ¡pw CsXm-c-Ûp-X-am-Im³ CS-bn-Ã. \mw hc¨ hc-IfmWv FÃm XpS-¡-§-fp-sSbpw AXn-cp-I-fp-sSbpw Imc-W-am-bsX¶v \mw a\-Ên-em¡n Ign-ªp. \½psSXs¶ {]hr¯nsb¸än Ipä-t_m-[-t¯msS HmÀ¡m-¯-hÀ, F´p-sIm|v \mw A§-s\sbms¡ sNbvXp F¶v HmÀt¯mÀ¯v ZpxJn-¡m-¯-hÀ \½psS 188

t_mt[m-Z-b-¯nsâ s]mcpÄ

CS-bn Bcpw-Xs¶ D|m-Ip-sa¶p tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. AXn-\m Cu Adnhv Ipd-s¨m-¶p-aà \ap¡v Bizmkw ]I-cm³ t]mIp-¶Xv. ]t£, CXv \½psS \nb-a-þ-\oXn kwhn-[m-\-§Ä¡v Xe-th-Z-\bm-Im³ A[n-I-Im-e-sam¶pw th|. Ct¸mÄXs¶ Ip«n-IÄ, s]s«-¶pÅ hnIm-c-hn-t£m-`§Ä¡v hnt[-b-cm-b-hÀ, {]Jym-]nX at\m- t cm- K n- I Ä ChÀs¡Ãmw \nb- a - ¯ n- \ p- Å n Cf- h p- I Ä \ÂIn-bmWv hn[n {]Jym-]n-¡m-dp-ÅX - v. Ch-scm¶pw ]qÀ® D¯-c -hm-ZnXzw t]dm³ sIev]p-Å-h-cÃm F¶ \½psS Xncn-¨-dn-hmWv Cu Cf-hp-I-fp-sS-sbÃmw ASn-Øm-\w. AI-s¯m-cm-fp-Xm-akw Ds|¶ hniz-mk-¯n-emWv \mw Hcmsf hnNm-c-W-sN-¿p-¶Xpw in£n¨v XS-hn-en-Sp-¶Xpw ]mTw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw AsÃ-¦n Xq¡nte-äp-¶X - pw. ]e-Xh - W D]-tZ-in¨pw in£n¨pw XS-hn-en«pw "\¶m¡n' ]pd-¯p-hn-Sp¶hÀ ho|pw AtX sXäp sNbvXv Xncn-¨p-hcp-¶Xp I|v AÔm-fn-¡m¯ Hcp Pbn-edpw CXp-hsc D|m-bn-«n-Ã. ]t£, C¯-c-sam-cp "D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-s¸«' BfpsS A`mhw CXph-sc-bpÅ in£-mhn-[n-I-sfbpw \nb-a-kw-hn-[m-\-§-sf-bpw ]p\À hn-Nn-´-\-¯n\v hnt[-b-am-¡m³ \s½ \nÀº-Ôn-X-cm¡pw.

189

kÀÆ-Úm\w km²ytam?

\nc-´cw amdnbpw H¸w-Xs¶ \ho-\X - I - sf DXv]m-Zn-¸n¨pw XpS-cp¶ {]]©w Fs¶-¦nepw \ap¡p a\-Ên-em-¡n-¯oÀ ¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ tamlw sh¨p]peÀ¯-cp-X.v \mw Af¶p a\-Ên-em-¡nb CSw F§s\ amdn-t¸m-Ip-¶p-sh¶v ap³]p kqNn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p-h-tÃm. AXn-\m imkv{Xo-b-amb Ad-n hp-IÄ temI-¯nsâ FÃm cl-kyhpw shfn-hm¡n ]|p thZm-´n-IÄ kXy-a-dnªv kÀÆÚ]oTw Ib-dn-b-Xn\p Xpey-ambn temIs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡p-sa¶v Bcpw Icp-Xcp-Xv. C¯-c¯ - n-epÅ ]cn-]qÀ®Úm\-¯nsâ sImXn, a\p-jy-cpsS Hcp B{K-lhpw A¡m-cW - ¯ - m Hcp Bhiy-hp-ambn am{Xta Icp-Xm-hq. AÃmsX AsXmcp km²yXtb Aà F¶p a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. imkv{Xw sN¿p-¶Xv \½psS Npäp-]mSv \ap¡v IqSpX A\p-Iq-e-am-¡p¶ {]-{Inb am{X-am-Wv. AÃmsX AXv "kXy-'a-t\z-jn¡p¶ Hcp coXn-sbm-¶p-aà - . AXn-\m X¯z-Nn-´I - Ä¡v ]I-cw-hb - ¡ v p¶ H¶Ã imkv{Xw. FÃm imkv{Xo-b-amb Ad-nhp-IÄ¡pw AXm-Xp-Im-e¯v Hc-Xncp-|mIpsa¶pw \mw Adn-bW - w. Cu AXn-cn-\¸ - pdw "Adn hn-Ãm-bva' ssZh-¯nsâ cq]-¯ntem `b-¯nsâ cq]¯ntem \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-|mIpw. AXn-\m GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ "Bßo-bm-t\z-j-W-¯nsâ ]mX-IÄ' FÃm kaq-l§ - f - nepw ]p¯³`m-h¸ - I - À¨-It- fmsS \ne-\n-¡pIbpw sN¿pw. ]cn-Nn-´\w sN¿p¶ a\-Êp-IÄ¡v AXv {]]-©¯ - n FhnsS \n¶mepw AÛp-X¯ - n-\nSw \ÂIpw. Cu AÛp-Xhpw AXn-\nSw \ÂIp¶ AÚ-Xbpw Aan-X` - àn \ndªv AÔ-cm-Ip¶ sNdpkwL-§Ä¡pw aXhnizm-k-§Ä¡pw F¶pw CSw \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿pw. ssZh-hn-izm-k-¯n\p ]Icw Ata-cn-¡-bn A\y-{K-lPo-hn-If - n-epÅ hnizmkw C¶v kmÀÆ-{Xn-Ia - m-W.v C³tUmþ-{Ko¡v ]pcm-W-§-fnse tZh•mcpw tZhnamcpw ap³]p sNbvXX - p-t]mse A\y{Kl-Po-hn-IÄ `qan-bnÂh¶v Ahcp-ambn can-¡p-¶-Xmbpw Ahsc ]nSn-¨p-sIm|pt]mIp190

kÀÆ-Úm\w km²ytam?

¶-Xmbpw Hs¡ hniz-kn-¡p¶ kwL-§Ä hym]-Ia - m-Wv. ssZh-t{] X-¸n-imNvb£-In-¶c - •mÀ \ndª ]g-bI - mekn\n-aI - Ä¡p ]Icw C¶v "imkv{Xo-b` - o-IcPohn-'I-fp-sSbpw "A\y-{K-lh - m-kn-'I-fp-sSbpw _lp-"am\'kXy-§-fp-sSbpw kn\n-a-I-fpsS Xn¡pw Xnc-¡p-amWv Cu "hnI-knX'kaq-l-§-fn FÃmw DÅ-Xv. AXn-\m imkv{Xw h¶v \½psS {]iv\§ - s - fÃmw Ah-km-\n-¡pw AXp-t]mse, AÚX \o§pw Fs¶m¶pw {]Xo-£n-¡c - p-X.v Aev]k - zev]w amdpw; A{X-Xs - ¶.

Gähpw IqSp-X Aan-X-`àn \ndª AÔ-hn-izm-kn-IÄ hkn-¡p-¶Xv e|³ \K-c-¯nepw Ata-cn-¡-bnse h³\K-c-§-fnep-sam-s¡-bm-Wv. AXn-\m-emWv Ing-¡p-\n¶v Cd-¡p-aXn sN-¿p¶ FÃm BÄssZ-h-§Ä¡pw t_mIvtkm-^o-kn h³hn-P-b-§Ä t\Sm-\m-Ip-¶X - .v \à tÌPpw \à amt\-Ps v aâpw Ds|¦n ssa¡nÄ Pm-Ivk\p- ]Icw \n¡m³ ChÀs¡Ãmw F¶pw Ign-bpw. am{Xhp-aà [mcmfw hcp-am-\hpw Hgnhpthf-Ifpw Ahn-sS-bp-Å P\Xbv¡v e`y-am-b-Xn-\m h³{]-Nm-chpw D|m-Ipw. adn¨v imkv{XIm-cy-§-fn A`q-X-]qÀÆ-amb hfÀ¨ bq-tdm-¸n kw`-hn-¨-Xn\mepw Ahn-sS-bp-Åh - À temI-sa-¼mSpw B kmt¦-XnIhnZy-If - psS hnP-bw-sIm|v `cWw ssIbm-fp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-\mepw "shÅ¡mscÃmw imkv{X-Ú-cm-sW'¶ Hcp [mcW \½psS \mSp-t]mepÅ FÃm-bn-S¯pw \ne-\n¡p-¶p-|v. AXn-\m \½psS BÄ ssZ-h§ - Ä¡v "imkv{Xo-bX' ssIh-cn-¡m³ \mep shfp¯ sXmenbpÅ AÔ-hn-izm-kn-IÄ AI-¼Sn tkhn-¨m aXn. Chn-sSbpw t_mIvtkm-^o-kn h³hn-Pbw t\Sp-¶-Xn-\v asäm¶pw th|. "`uXn-I-kp-J-'§-fpsS ]n¶mse ]mª-eªv sNSn-t¸-dn-b-Xn\m "Bß-Úm\w' tXSn hcp¶ kXymt\zjn¡q-«-sam-¶p-aà ta¸-dª AÔ-hn-izm-kn-IÄ. bqtdm]y³ cmPy-§fpw Ata-cn¡bpwt]mepÅ cmPy-§-fnse \mWy-§Ä¡v C´y-sb-t¸mse A{X-I|v hnI-kn-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ cmPy-§-fn \à hnebpÅ-Xn\m Ahn-Ss¯ Xmc-X-tay\bpÅ Zcn-{Z-hm-kn-¡q-«-§-fmWv Chn-Ss¯ B{i-a§ - f - n \à Pohn-X\ - n-eh - mcw tXSn-sb-¯p-¶X - v. BXp-ct - kh-\hpw A\ysc t{]an-¡epw Hgn-hp-Imehnt\m-Z§ - f - m¡n amäm\pw AhÀs¡-fp-¸-am-Wv. AXn-\m `uXn-I-kp-J-§-fnÂ\n¶v "efn-X'Po-hn-X-§-fn-te-¡pÅ Hm«-ambn CXns\ a\-Ên-em-t¡| Bh-iyan-Ã. Bßo-b-amb "Hu-¶-Xy-'¯n Ign-bp¶ C´y-¡m-scÃmw HmSp-¶Xv KÄ^n-te¡pw Ata-cn-¡-bn-te¡pw BsW¶pw CXnt\m-sSm¸w tNÀ¯ph¨v HmÀt¡|-Xp-|v.

Hcp Imcyw-Iq-Sn....\Ã-h®w Imip-|m-¡p-¶-hcpw bqtdm¸pw Ata-cn-¡bpw `cn-¡p-¶h - cp-amb Bfp-IÄ Hcp-Im-e¯pw Ahn-Swhn«v Ct§m«p hcp-¶nà F¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. A¯cw 191

a\pjycdnbm³

Ata-cn-¡-¡mcpw Cw¥o-jpImcpw Hs¡-bmWv _pjn-s\bpw »bdn-s\bpw {_uWn-s\bpw Hs¡ hnP-bn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Ah-cmcpw Chn-Ss¯ BÄssZ-h-§-fpsS "Bßo-bu-¶Xyw'I|v aXn-a-b-§nt¸m-Im-dp-an-Ã. Ata-cn-¡-bn-setbm bqtdm-]y³ cmPy-§-fn-setbm `c-W-IÀ¯m-¡-sfm¶pwXs¶ Cu Bßo-bm-Nm-cy-•m-cpsS injy•m-cmbn ]pdsI \S-¡m-dn-Ã. cP-\o-jnsâ Ah-km-\-Ime Hm«hpw Xmenbw Ip¯n-sh¨p F¶ ]cn-tZ-h-\hpw kl-Xm-]-aÀln-¡p¶ A´yhpw CXn\p kphy-à-amb sXfn-hm-Wv. C\n Hä-s¸« Nne \S-¡-ep-I-fp-|m-bmepw cmjvSo-b-ambn GsX¦nepw P\-hn-`m-Ks¯ kl-I-cn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡mt\m kwL-Sn-¸n-s¨-Sp¡mt\m DÅ KqV-e£yw AXn\p ]n¶n-ep-|m-bn-cn-¡pw. Ahn-IknX cmPys¯ Bßo-bm-Nm-cyÀ sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`sb A`n-kwt_m-[\ sN¿p-¶Xv B BNm-cy-cpsS Hu¶yXyw I|v hnI-kn-Xcm- P y- § - f nse cmjv { So- b - ¡ m- c psS I®p- a - ª - f n¨XpsIm|- à . \½-sft¸mepÅ kaq-l-§sf bYmÀ°-¯n \bn-¡p-¶Xv Cu Aev]Ú m-\n-If - m-sW¶ Xncn-¨d - nhpsIm-|m-W.v tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡msc {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn¨v tKm{X-¯-e-h-•mÀ ]s¦-Sp-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-se. \nc-´cw amdp-¶-Xn-\m Hcn-¡epw AdnªpXoÀ¡m-\m-hm¯ {]]-©-hpw A¡m-c-W-¯m Df-hm-Ip¶ AÚ-Xbpw AXnÂ\n-¶qdn-¡q-Sp¶ `bhpw PnÚm-kbpw XpS-¡-an-Ãm¯ {]]-©-¯n XpS-¡-§-fm-hiy-amb am\p-jn-I h-ihpw Imcy-Im-c-W-_-Ô-t¯msS Nn´n-¡m-\pÅ a\p-jy-k-lP Ignhpw A¡m-c-W-¯m \mw Is|-¯nb XpS-¡-¡m-c-\mb ssZh-hpw AXns\ hi-s¸-Sp-¯n-bm-epÅ t\«-t_m-[hpw km¦-e] v nI kÀÆÚXzkam-[m-\hpw a\p-jy-cpsS Hcp-asb Dd-¸m-¡p¶ ]hn-{X-am-b-Xn-t\m-SpÅ aaXbpw GWn-¸-Sn-t]mse X«p-X-«m-bpÅ a\p-jy-Po-hn-hÀ¤-t_m-[hpw AXn-\-\p-kr-X-amb kaq-l-\nÀ½m-W-hpw cq]-s¸« kzXz-t_m-[-§-sfm¶pw Hgn-ªp-t]m-Im¯ a\p-jy{]-Ir-Xhpw AdnhnÃm-¯, A\p-k-c-W-bpÅ B«n³]-äs¯ tabv¡m-s\-fp-¸-am-sW¶ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS Xncn-¨-dn-hpw Ch-bvs¡Ãmw A\p-kr-X-ambn cq]-s¸« Bcm-[-\m-e-b-§fpw Ahsb Npän-¸än hf-cp¶ Øm]-\-§fpw Ah-bpsS hym]m-cX-{´-§fpw \nÀº-Ô-]qÀÆhmb-\-bpsS \nc-´c A\p-io-e-\¯m Dd-bv¡p¶ thZ-{K-Ù-§-fnse Bibm[n]-Xyhpw B[p-\nI hmÀ¯m-hn-\n-a-b-ku-I-cy-§-fp-sSbpw KXm-K-X- ku-I-cy -§-fp-sSbpw 192

kÀÆ-Úm\w km²ytam?

A¨-Sn-þ-Zr-iy-am-²ya§fp-sSbpw {Iam-\p-KX hfÀ¨bpw Ah-bpsSsbÃmw I¨-h-S-¡®pw B[p-\nI \K-c-\nÀ½m-W-¯m Iq«w hns«m-ä-s¸« hyàn-I-fpsS GIm-´-Xbpw ]p¯³ Iq«p-sI«n\pÅ sh¼epw Ahsb t\m«-an«p hf-cp¶ ]g-©³ BÄssZ-h-§-fp-sSbpw \ho\ "KpcpþA¤pc'¡•m-cpsS hmIvNm-Xp-cyhpw Iem-{]-I-S-\-an-Ihpw A`n-\h Bß-Úm-\-þ-a-\x-im-kv{X-hn-im-c-Z-•m-csS Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw

Ipfw Ie¡n ao³ ]nSn-¡m-\pÅ hy{K-Xbpw XpS§n A\-h-[n- Im-c-W-§Ä H-¶ptNÀ¶p \n¡p¶ H¶mWv C¶s¯ Bcm-[\mk{¼-Zm-b-§Ä FÃmwXs¶.

C¡m-c-W-¯m-emWv ]mhw bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ F{X D]-tZ-in-¨n«pw AXn-\p-th|n ASnta-Sn-¨n«pw s]m¶-¼-e-ta-«n aI-c-hn-f-¡p-ImWm\pÅ s\t«m- « hpw thfm- ¦ ®n amXm- h ns\ ImWm- \ pÅ ]m¨nepw lÖn-\p-th-|n-bpÅ A\-´-amb Im¯n-cn¸pw ChnsSÃmw t]mbn Iq«-t¯msS ac-W-s¸-«mepw AXnÂ\n-s¶m¶pw "]mTw ]Tn-¡msX' Imew Ignbpw tXmdpw FÃmw hÀ²n-Xa - m-Ip¶-X.v k¦-S-s¸-«nt«m ]cn-X-]n-¨nt«m Hcp Imcy-hp-anà ktlmZ-ctc, imkv {X-Úm-t\m-]-tZiwsIm|v Cu sh{]m-f-§sfm¶pw ian-¡nÃ...

193

FÃm hnP-b-§-fp-sSbpw clkyw

tImSn¡-W-¡n\v ]Ån-Ifpw e£-¡-W-¡n\v A¼-e§fpw temI-s¯-Ãm-bn-S-hp-ap-s|-¦nepw hf-sc-¡p-d¨v F®-§tf {]kn-²-am-Im-dp-Åq. kz¯pw {]uVnbpw BÀÖn-¡m-dp-Åq. FÃm {InkvXobþCÉm-anI ]Ån-Ifnepw Htc ssZhw -X-s¶-bmWv Ccn-¡p-¶Xpw FÃm-htcbpw A\p-{K-ln-¡p-¶X - pw. ]ns¶-´p- sIm-|mImw C§s\ kw`-hn-¡p-¶Xv? {]hm-N-I-a-X-§-fn Hcp ssZhta DÅqsh-¦nepw aäv aXhnizm-k§ - f - n [mcmfw ssZh-§f - p-|v.

AXn-\m IqSp-X iàn-bpÅ ssZh-§-fpsS Bcm-[\m-e-b-§Ä IqSp-X hnPbw t\Sp-sa¶v \ap¡v hnNmcn-¡mw. ]t£, A§s\ t\m¡p-t¼mgpw Htc ssZh-¯n sâXs¶ A¼-e-§Ä, IqSp-Xepw IjvSn¨v A¶w Is|¯p-¶-tX-bp-Åq. At¸mÄ Imcy-§Ä Ahn-sSbpw A{X]-´n-bs - Ã-¶p-Im-Wmw. F´psIm-|n-§s\ kw`-hn-¡p¶p?

A¿-¸³ C§s\ tim`n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-sa-´mImw? Kpcp-hm-bq-c-¸³ tim`n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-sa-´mImw? ap¯-¸³, ]f-\n, thfm-¦®n, ae-bm-äqÀ, _oam-]Å - n, Xncp¸-Xn, sa¡, bdp-ktew FÃmw C§s\ tim`n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-sa-´mImw? F{Xtbm A½-amÀ tIc-f¯ - n At§mfw Ct§mfw aT-§Ä Xpd-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p-|v, ]t£, Nne A½amÀ hnPbn- ¡ p- ¶ - X nsâ Imc- W - s a- ´ m- b n- c n¡mw? Xriq- c n sN¶m Ip«n¨m¯-•msc X«n-bn«v \S-¡m³ Øe-an-Ã, ]t£, AXn Nne N - m-¯•mÀ sh«n¯nf-§m³ Imc-Wsa-´mImw? \mep-h-gn-ap-¡n-seÃmw c|v tPmÕy-•mÀ h-¨p-s|-¦nepw Nm\ tPmÕy-•mÀ-s¡-´m-sWmcp {]tXyIX? hn¡p¶ {^nUvPvPpw sSen-hn-j\pw FÃmw Htc {_mâpXs¶ BsW-¦nepw F´psIm|v amfp-Ifpw PoþamÀ«p-Ifpw anI-¨p-\n¡p¶p? DÅn-epÅ acp¶v ]mc-sk-ät- amÄ am{X-am-sW-¦nepw F´p-sIm|v t{Imkn³ C{X-b[ - nIw hnäpt]m-Ip¶p? Htc aª-tem-la - mWv hn ¡p-¶s - X-¦nepw \ - tem A-t©m P - q-he - d - n-IÄam{Xw F´p194

FÃm hnP-b-§-fp-sSbpw clkyw

sIm|v s]mSn-s]m-Sn-¨p\n¡p-¶-p? D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-amb F®IfmWv FÃm-hcpw Htc-t]mse hn¡p¶sX¦nepw Ct¸mÄ s]m«n-ap-f¨ Nne BbpÀthZ "]mc-¼-cy-ssh-Zy-•mÀ' am{Xw FÃmw sh«n-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶-sX-§s\? Htc t{KÊv A\m-«an ]Tn-¨v, Htc saUn¡ÂUn-{Kn- I-c-Ø-am-¡n, Htc acp¶v Ipdn-¨p sIm-Sp-¯v- Nn-In-Õn¡p¶ tUmIvSÀam-cp-sS-bn-Sb - n Nne tUmIvSÀamÀam{Xw F§s\ IqSp-X {]kn-²c - m-Ip¶p? Ah-cpsS ap¶n am{Xw F´p-sIm|v \o| Iyqhp-|m-Ip¶p?

Ch-cpsSsbÃmw Cu hnP-b-¯nsâ cl-ky-sa-´mWv? Ien-Im-e-¯nse ssZh-am-b-Xp-sIm-|mWv A¿-¸\v sh¨-Sn-sh¨Sn apt¶-ä-ap-|m-Ip-¶-sX¶v ]dªp tIÄ¡m-dp|v. At¸mÄ Kpcp-hm-bq-c-¸t\m? thfm¦-®n-tbm? sa¡tbm? Nne A½-amÀ sI«n-¸n-Sn¨v D½-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-|mWv Bfp-Iq-Sp-¶-sX-¦n A¿-¸³ sI«n-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶nÃtÃm? `P\-]m-Sp¶XpsIm-|m-sW-¦n A¿-¸\v F´v ]m«-dnbmw? Kpcp-hm-bq-c¸ - \v thWp- hm-bn-¡m-\d - nbmw F¶v tI«n«p|v, F¦nepw Ct¸mÄ CsXm¶pw sN¿p-¶n-ÃtÃm? sat¡-em-sW-¦n Hcp XqtW t]mbn IsÃ-dn-bmw, ]ns¶ h«wNp-än-\S- ¡mw F¶-ÃmsX F´mWv khnti-jX? c£-tX-Sn t- ]m-Ip¶ thfm-¦®nam-Xm-hns\ kp\man h¶-t¸mÄ \mw c£n-t¡|n-h¶p, F¦nepw P\-{]nb-Xbv¡v Hcp Ipd-hp-an-Ã. ASp-¸n-¨-Sp-¸n¨v "F«p\n-e-bnÂs]m-«n-'bmepw \½psS kq¸ÀÌm-dp-IÄ¡v kn\n-abv¡v Hcp Ipd-hp-an-Ãm¯-Xp-t]mse.

At¸mÄ, F´mWv Ch-cp-sS-sbms¡, CXn-sâ-sbms¡ hnPb-c-lkyw?

Cw¥ojv`m-jb - n ]d-ªm AXmWv Ctâ-W amt\-Pvsaâ v, aoUnb-am-t\-Pvsaâ v Bâ v amÀ¡-änMv. Cu aq¶v sa¡m-\n-khpw H¶n¨v tNÀ¶p-\n¡p-¶nS-s¯Ãmw hnP-bw kp\n-Ýn-Xa - m-W.v GXv I¨n-¯p-cp¼pw hnP-bn-¡p-- w. B´-cn-I-amb "Ign-hv, anSp-¡v, \•, km[\w sImÅmw' XpS-§nb KpW-§Ä "BUSv Aä-dmIvj³' am{Xw, Ds|-¦n sImÅmw. B`y-´c - a - mb Imcy-§Ä anSp-t¡msS ssIImcywsN¿m-\p-Å- I-gn-hv, N´-bn s]men-¸n-¨-h-X-cn-¸n-¡m\pÅ Ign-hv, FÃm-bn-Shpw F¯n-¡m-\pÅ Ignhv Cu aq¶pw kwtbm-Pn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ X{´w BÀ¡mtWm DÅXv AhÀ hnP-bn¡p-I-Xs¶sN¿pw. A¿-¸-tk-hm-kwLw FÃm-bn-Shpw D|m-¡n, AXnsâ klm-b-¯m `àsc kwL-Sn-¸n-¨v, h|n-I-bänhnSp¶ at\-Pvsaâ vknÌ-amWv A¿-¸-c-l-kyw, CS-bn-¡n-Sbv¡v sImgp-¸p Iq-«m³ tZh-{]-iv\-hpw; an¡ Zn\§fn \yqkpw. Npäp-apÅ Nmb¡-S-¡mcpw tlm«ÂþtemUvPv ap-X-em-fn-amcpw ]pkvX-Iþameþhf, XpS-§nb I¨-h-S-¡mcpw tNÀs¶m-cp-¡p¶ al-¯z-þ-a-ln-am-hÀ®\-bmWv Kpcp-hm-bq-c-¸sâ XpSÀ¨-bpsS cl-kyw.

195

a\pjycdnbm³

shfn-]mSv h¶m t]mcm AXv \memÄ AdnbWw, hcp¶ {][m-\-in-jy\v It¨mSw \¶mbn AdnbWw, tÌPvam-t\-Pvsaâ v AdnbWw, Xm³ hcp-¶-Xn\v ap³]v FÃm-bn-Shpw t]mÌ-dSn-s¨m-«n¡m³ injy-K-W-§ÄthWw, Ch-sbm-¯p-Iq-Sn-bm hnPbw kp\n-ÝnXw. CXmWv FÃm BÄssZ-h§ - f - p-sSbpw Poh-\c - l - k - yw AsÃ-¦n Ie. ]c-ky-amWv t{Imkns\ "shdpw ]mc-sk-ä-tam-f'-ÃmXm-¡p-¶-Xv, AXpX-s¶-bmWv Pqh-e-dn-c-l-kyhpw Pnþ-amÀ«v clky-hpw. cmjv{So-b-]mÀ«n-t\-Xm-¡Ä¡pw kn\nam-Xm-c-§Ä¡pw tUmIvSÀamÀ¡pw aäv ]qhn-Sp¶ Nn¶-kz-man-amÀ¡pw kn²-•mÀ¡psams¡ hmsam-gn-bmbn IoÀ¯n-]c - ¯n Bsf-¸n-Sn¡m³ "Rms\mcp ]mhw hgn-t]m-¡³, F\n-¡n-Xnsâ hà Bh-iy-hp-ap-t|m, Adn ªXv ]dªp' F¶-co-Xn-bn-epÅ ZÃm-f-•m-cp-|m-bn-cn¡pw. Xmc§Ä¡m-Is«, CXn-s\ms¡ ]pdsa ^m³kv- A-tkm-kn-tbj \pI-fpw. ]s|ms¡ sshZy-•mÀ¡pw tUmIvSÀamÀ¡pw "ssI¸pWyw' AXym-hi - y-am-bn-cp-¶p. Cu ssI¸p-Wy-¯nsâ bmYmÀ° t{kmXkv Cu AdnªXp ]d-ªp-]c - ¯ - p¶ ZÃm-f• - m-cpsS hmIvNm-Xp-cyhpw NnI-Õ-Isâ Bfdnªp s]cp-am-dm-\pÅ kuay-km-aÀ°y-hp-amWv. Cu kuay-km-aÀ°yw A\m-h-iy-am-sW¶v ChnsS AÀ°-am¡p-¶n-Ã. ]t£, AXp-am-{X-amWv DÅXv F¶v ]d-bp-I-bmWv. C¶v tcmKn-Isf Hcp-h-i-¯p-IqSn Ib-än-hn«v \«p-t_mÄ«pw icnbm¡n adp-h-i-¯p-IqSn ]pd-¯phn-Sp¶ h³InS Bip-]-{Xn-I-fmWv DÅXv. AhnsS tUmIvSdmcv tcmKn-bmcv F¶v ]c-k] v cw Adnbmdp-IqSn-bn-Ã. ssI¡qen sImSp¯v tUmIvS-d-•msc hi-s¸-Sp¯n B[n]-Xyhpw B\-µhpw A\p-`-hn-¨n-cp¶ tcmKn-IÄ CXnsâ hn½n«w A\p`-hn-¡m-dp-s|¶ ]pXpkXy-ap-|v. ]t£, NnIn-Õbv¡v ssI¡q-enbpw ssI¸pWyhpamh-iy-an-Ãm-sb¶v {ioNn-{X-t]m-epÅ Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ sXfn-bn-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿p-¶p-|v.

"Hcp \à t\Xm-hn-Ãm-¯-XmWv \½psS ]mÀ«n-bpsS Ipg¸w' F¶v Is|-¯-pt¼mÄ AhÀ Cu hcn-sIm|v AÀ°-am-¡p-¶Xv C{X-am-{Xw, \¶mbn Imcy-§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿m³ AsÃ-¦n amt\PvsN¿m³ HcmÄ thW-sa-¶À°w. cmjv{So-b] - mÀ«n-bm-bmepw Nmb-¡-S-bm-bmepw tImtf-Pm-bmepw sSen-hn-j³Nm-\-em-bmepw Bßo-b-kw-L-am-bmepw ]Ån-bm-bmepw ]Ån-¡q-S-am-bmepw hnPb-c-lkyw Ch c|pw am{Xw þ amt\-Pvsa-sâpw amÀ¡-än-§pw.

CSXp-]-£-kn²m´ "a-b-¡p-a-cp-¶p-'tkhIm-cWw Cu amt\-Pv sa-âpw amÀ¡än§pw "tamiw' F¶v Cu hcn-If - nÂ\n¶v hmbn-s¨-Sp -¡-cp-Xv. Ah \ap¡v AXym-h-iy-amWv..... ]t£, ta¸-dª {]Øm-\-§fpw Bfp-I-fp-saÃmw Cu X{´-amWv ]b-äm³ D]-tbm196

FÃm hnP-b-§-fp-sSbpw clkyw

Kn-¡p-¶-sX¶v \mw AdnbWw, AÃmsX AhnsS AsÃ-¦n Ahcn Fs´-¦nepw {]tXy-In-s¨mcp "{]tXy-IX' DÅ-Xp-sIm-|-Ã. hnP- b - ¯ nsâ Gähpw \à kao- ] Ime Zriyw Xncp- h - \ - ´ ]p-cs¯ ]ß-\m-`-kzman t£{X-¯n-em-Wv Ac-t§-dn-bXv. GItZiw Ccp-\q-dp-hÀj-ambn shdp-samcp kmZm -Cu-iz-csâ Øm\wam-{X-ap-|m-bn-cp¶ ]ß-\m-`\v \ne-h-d-bnse kzÀ®-¯nsâ Xnf¡hpw AXnsâ am[y-am-tLm-jhpw F{X-I|v {]kn-²-nbp-|m-¡n -s¡m-Sp¯p F¶v Ing-t¡-tIm«bnse Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw I|m-e-dnbmw. Dd-¡¯ - nÂ\n¶pw hnfn-¨p-WÀ¯n km[m-cW DuWn-Ãm-sb¶v ]d-bp-Ib - mWv ]Xn-hv, ]t£, ChnsS ]¸-\m-h\v tem«-dn-bS- n¨ AhØ- b m- W v . "FÃm- b n- S hpw \n[n t\m¡n- \ S¡msX DÅnte¡v t\m¡q \n[n Ahn-sS-bmWv' F¶ kzman-amÀhN\w A\zÀ°-ambXv ]¸-\m-hsâ Imcy-¯n-em-W.v kz¯p-s|¶ {]kn²n am{XamWv `àP\ krjvSn¡v Imc-W-sa¶ Nnc-Im-e-c-lkyw C{X- hy-àX-tbmsS \½psS ap¶n shfn-hm-¡n-bX - n Aev]k - zev]w IS-¸mSv ]¸-\m-h-t\mSv \½Ä¡p-|m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. hn{K-l-¯n kzÀ®-amebpw cXv\-am-ebpw CSp-¶Xnsâbpw ta¡q-c-bn kzÀ®w ]qip¶Xnsâbpw kzÀ®-s¡m-Sn-acw \m«p-¶X - n-sâbpw A¼-e¯ - nsâbpw B{i-a-§-fp-sSbpw Ihm-S-§-fmbn sIm«m-c-k-Zr-i-tIm-«hm-Xn-ep-I-fp-|m-¡p-¶-Xn-sâbpw bpànbpw Bh-iyhpw tNmZn¨v Iivae - • - m-cmb bpàn-hm-Zn-IÄ \s½ hiw-sI-Sp-¯n-s¡m|n-cp-¶ -Xn\v D¯-c-am-btÃm. Ignª Ccp-\qdv hÀj-ambn Al-ey-sbt¸mse ine-bm-bn¡nS¶p-d-§nb ]¸-\m-hs\¶ \nt£]w, \ne-hd-\n-[n-bpsS aª-sh-fn¨taäv DWÀs¶-Wo-äv hcp-am-\-ap-|m-¡n¯p-S§ - n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. A¿-¸³, Kpcp-hm-bq-c¸ - ³, Bäp-Im N-¡pf¯vImhn-e-½-amÀ Icp-Xn-bn-cn-¡pI.... GXv ssZh-¯n\pw Hcp -\-Ã-Im-e-ap-s|-t¶mÀ¡-Ww.

197

Imcp-Wy-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Im¼v

\½psS BÄssZ-h-§fpw ss{IkvX-h-þ-Ckvemw ]Ån-ta[m-hn-Ifpw temI-¯pÅ ]W-saÃmw tiJ-cn¨v D]-tbm-Kiq-\y-amb ]Ån-Ifpw A¼-e§ - fpw D|m-¡p-¶Xv \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bpw. AX-h-cpsS A¶w-I-s|-¯m\pÅ CS-amWv; AhÀ¡-dn-bp¶ ]Wn AhÀ sN¿p¶p, a\-Ên-em-bn. ]t£, AhÀ \J-in-Jm´w FXnÀ¡p-¶, "`uXn-Ik - p-J§ - Ä' DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw AXnsâ ]n¶mse ]mbp-¶-hsc DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶, "a\xim´n' \in-¸n-¡p¶, B[p-\n-I-im-kv{X-hn-Úm\w am{Xw ]IÀ ¶p-\ÂIp¶ hnZym-e-b-§fpw tImtf-Pp-Ifpw kÀh-I-emim-eI - fpw AhÀ Bcw-`n-¡p-¶s - X-´n-\m-bn-cn¡pw? X§fpsSXs¶ X¯z-Nn-´-bvs¡-Xn-cmb temI-ho-£-W-apÅ Cu Øm]-\§ - Ä Bcw-`n-¡p-¶X - nsâ bpànbpw XmXv]cy-hp-sa-´mWv? BÄssZ-h§ - f - psS Imcp-Wy-{]-hm-l¯ - nsâ D¯-tamZm- l - c - W - a mbn DbÀ¯n- ¡ m- « p- ¶ Xv AhÀ Bcw- ` n¨ kq¸Àkvs]-jym-enän tlmkv]n-äe - p-IÄ, Iw]yq-«À tImtfPpIÄ, kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-IÄ F¶nhbm-Wv. Ah-cpsS Bßob Hu¶Xy¯nsâ e£-Wa - m-bn-«mWv Ch DbÀ¯n¡m-«m-dp-Å-Xv. tlmkv]n-ä-ep-Ifpw tImtf-Pp-I-fp-amWv Bßo-bu-¶Xyw \ÂIp-¶s - X-¦n \nÝ-ba - mbpw \ne-hnepÅ apJy-a-{´nbmWv Fähpw D¶-X³. ImcWw At±-l¯nsâ Iogn-emWv Gähpw IqSp-X tImtf-Pp-Ifpw kvIqfp-Ifpw tlmkv]n-ä-ep-I-fp-ap-Å-Xv. At±lw SmIvkv ]ncn¨v Ch ]Wn-Xp-bÀ¯n \S-¯p-t¼mÄ \½psS BÄ ssZ-h-§Ä ]e amPn¡pw Im«n A\ycpsS Ioi- Im-enbm¡n Ah-cpsS kz´w t]cn Ah \S¯n AXnsâ s]cp-ab-Sn-s¨-Sp-¡p-¶p. Cu IoÀ¯ntamj-W¯nsâ Imcy-¯n-se-¦nepw apJy-a{´namÀ Ch-tc-¡mÄ _lpZqcw ]n¶n-em-Wv, ImcWw Hcp apJy-a-{´n¡pw At±-l¯nsâ kz´w t]cn Chsbm¶pw Bcw-`n-¡m³ BhnÃtÃm.

198

Imcp-Wy-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Im¼v

]t£, {]iv\w CsXm-¶p-a-Ã-. kz´w X¯z-Nn-´bv¡\p-k-cn¨v X§Ä Hcn-¡epw ]n³XpW-¨p-Iq-Sm¯ Cu imkv{X-Úm\w F´-p sIm-|m-bn-cn¡mw AhÀ C§s\ {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³ ap³ssI FSp¡p-¶Xv? AXv i{X-phns\ kvt\ln-¡W - s - a¶ X¯z-im-k{v Xw-sIm|m-Iptam? AXp-t]mse imkv{X-Úm\w ]IÀ¶p-\ÂIm³ C{X-sh-¼-epÅ ChÀ F´psIm|m-bn-cn¡mw Xcw-In-«p-t¼msgÃmw imkv{X-Úsc XÅn-¸-d-bp-¶Xv? C\n Ch-cpsS X¯z-im-kv{X-§-fn ChÀ¡pXs¶ hnizm-kap-|-mbn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ, ]Ån-I-fm-cw-`n-t¡-|Xv kzÀ¤-\-c-I-bm-{Xm\p-`-h-§-fp-|m-¡m\pw ame-mJ-am-sc- h-i-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶- hn-Zy-If`y kn¸n¡m\pw AÛp-X-§Ä -D-X] v m-Zn-¸n-¡m\pw Ah-km-\-h«a-Õc-¸-co-£bv¡v ssZh-s¯- {]-Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¯m-\p-apÅ tImtf-P-pIftà Bcw-`n-t¡-|Xv? BÂa-c-¨p-h-«n-en-cp¯ntbm, ae-ap-I-fn-en-cp¯ntbm Npcp-§n-bXv \m¸-Xv Zn-h-k-sa-¦nepw Ip«nIsf ]«n-Wn -¡n«v "shfn-]mSv' hcp-¯p-Ib-tÃ- th-|Xv? _m[-I-b-dn-¯pÅn ]c-a-c-l-ky-§Ä ]pe-¼m³ ]cn-ioe\w \ÂIp-I-btà th|-Xv? BÄssZ-h-§-fm-sW-¦n sI«n-¸n-Sn-þ-D½ tImtf-tPm, IpWp-§n-þIp-Wp§n A¶-\S tImtf-tPm, `kvak - r-jSv n-þe - nw-KO - À±n tImtftPm Hs¡-btà Bcw-`n-t¡-|Xv? CsXm¶pw Bcw-`n-¡msX i{Xp]qP sN¿p-¶-sX-´n\m-bn-cn¡mw?

ChnsSbmWv Cu ]Åo-e-¨-•m-cp-sSbpw lmPn-am-cp-sSbpw A½¨n-am-cp-sSbpw BÄssZ-h-§-fp-sSbpw ]q¨v ]p-d-¯m-Ip-¶-Xv. X§fpsS ssIh-ia - pÅ Nc¡v hn¡p¶ C\-aà - , AXv ap³]v hnh-cn-¨co-Xnbn Hcp¡nb Ac-§n am{Xw thhp¶ Acnb-ms - W¶ t_m²yw AhÀ¡p-|v. aäp-Å-hsc ]än-¡m-\-ÃmsX asämcp {]tbm-P-\hpw AXn-\n-söv AhÀ¡-dn-bmw. am{X-hp-aÃ, X§-fpsS X{´w aäp-Åh-c-dn-ªm X§-fpsS "B¸o-kp-]q-«p'-sa¶pw AhÀ¡pd¸p|v. a\p-jy\v bYmÀ°-¯n Bhiyap-Å icn-bmb Úm\-amWv imkv{X-Úm\w F¶pw AXv ]IÀ¶p-sIm-Sp-¯mte {]tbm-P-\ap-Åq-sb¶pw ChÀ Dds¡ {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶X - v C-§s\ I¼yq-«ÀtImtfPv XpS-§p-¶-Xp-h-gnbpw kq¸Àkvs]-jym-enän tlmkv]n-ä Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xp-h-gn-bp-am-Wv. Aev]w sshZy-adnbm¯ Hcp kzmanbpw Hcn-¡-ep-ap-|m-bn-«nÃ. tbip--hm-bmepw \mcmb-W-\m-bmepw IpcpSs\ I®p-Im-Wn¸n¨pw apS-´s\ \S-¯nbpw Ipªp§Ä¡v hbäpthZ-\-bv¡pÅ acp¶p-\ÂInbpw kv{XoI-fpsS A]-kvam-chpw Xe-th-Z-\bpw amänbp amWv Pohn-¨p-t]m-¶-Xv. ]ns¶ Aev]-kzev]w amPn-¡pw. Cu s]mSn -ss¡-IÄXs¶-bmWv aX-{]--Nm-cI-cm-b FÃm ]mXncnamcpw C¶pw A\p-hÀ¯n¨pt]mcp-¶Xv. a\p-jyÀ¡v bYmÀ°-¯n Bh-iy199

a\pjycdnbm³

amb hnZym-`ym-k-Øm-]-\-§fpw Bip-]-{Xn-Ifpw Øm]n-¡pI, AXn-\p-tijw X§fpsS A¶w-I-s|-¯m-\pÅ t]mwh-gn-bmbpw P\-§sf `b-s¸-Sp¯n \nb-{´n-¡m-\pÅ D]m-b-sa-¶-\n-e-bnepw ]Ån-I-fm-cw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI. kq¸Àkvs]-jy-en-än- tlm-k] v n-äep-I-fpsS ap¶n B{In-¡-S-\-S-¯p-¶-Xp-t]mse Ch-cpsS Bßob-hym-]mc-¡S FÃm-bn-Shpw ImWmw, Fs´m-cm-`m-kw! asäm¶v, BÄssZ-h-§-fpsS Imcp-Wy-{]-hmlw X§-fpsS Npänep-apÅ km[m-c-W-P-\-§-fn-te¡Ã sNmcn-bp-¶-sX¶pw \ap¡v ImWmw. X§Ä¡v IoÀ¯n IqSp-X t\Sn-s¡m-Sp-¡¶ - b - n-S¯ - n X-s¶-bmWv atä-sXm-cp a - \ - p-jy-s\-t]m-sebpw Ah-cp-sSbpw I®pI-sf¶v Ah-cpsS {]hÀ¯-\s¯ Aev]sam¶v t\m¡n-¡-|m \ap¡p a\-Ên-em-¡mw. BÄssZ-h§ - f - psS AsÃ-¦n ]pWym-f• - m -cpsS ImcpWyw AhÀt]m-ep-adnbmsX Npän-te-s¡m-gpIn AÀln¡p-¶h - c - psS ]m{X-§f - n h¶p\n-db - p-Ib - msW¶v Bßo-bZ- à - m-fÀ ]d-ªptIÄ¡m-dp-|v. Imcp-Wy-{]-hmlw shÅw-t]mse HgpIn Ft¸mgpw ka-Xew tXSp-sa¶pw AXv hnth-N-\-an-ÃmsX Htc -t]mse ]c-¡p-sa¶pw ]d-ªp]-c-¯m-dp-|v. C§s\ hÀ¯n-¡pI-bm-sW-¦n Hcp ssZh-¯nt\m BÄssZ-h-¯nt\m Aev]wt]mepw kz¯p-|m-hp-I-bn-Ã. Fhn-sSsb-¦nepw Bcm-[-\m-e-b -§-fn kz¯p-|m-bm \nÝ-b-ambpw Cu Imcp-Wy-{]-hmlw ]d-bpw-t]mse kpK-a-ambn Hgp-In-bn-«n-sÃ-s¶-¦nepw Npcp-§n-b]£w k½-Xn-t¡-|n-h-cpw. CXv aT-§-fm-bmepw A¼-e-§-fmbmepw ]Ån-I-fm-bmepw ]mÀ«n-I-fm-bmepw Hcp-t]mse kXy-am-bnh-cpw.

AtX-t]mse Imcp-Wy-{]-hmlw "]m{X-adnª-p'X-s¶-bmWv Hgp¡p-¶-sX¶pw AÃmsX Np½m ]c-s¶m-gpIpIb-Ãm-sb¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-t¡-|X - p-|v. A\ysc, Xs¶-t]m-se-Xs¶ kvt\ln-¡m³ XpS-§n-bm \½Ä¡v kz´-ambn H¶pw BÀÖn¡m-\m-hm-sXh-cp-sa¶v \mw ap³]pXs¶ a\-Ên-em-¡n-bt- Ãm. I¬ap-¶n-ep-Åh - s - cklm-bn-¡m³ apXnÀ¶m¯s¶ Hcn-¡epw \ap¡v hoSp-hn-Sm³ Ign-bm-sX -hcpw; A{X-bv¡m-h-iy-ap-Å-hÀ F¶pw Npän-ep-ap-|mIpw. AXn-\m `qI-¼wh-cp-t¼mgpw kp\m-an-h-cp-t¼mgpw shÅs¸m¡w hcp-t¼mgpw aT-§-fnÂ\n¶pw ]Ån-I-fnÂ\n¶pw taS-IfnÂ\n¶pw ]W-sam-gp-Ip-¶p-s|-¦n AXv hnth-N\ - m]qÀ®-ambn "]m{Xw icn-¡dnªv' kz´w {]kn-²n- hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-I-sb¶ Hscmä-e£ywam{Xw D¶w-h-¨ -{]-hÀ¯-\-am-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. C´y-t]m-se-bpÅ Zcn-{Z-cm-Py-¯p-\n¶v A´m-cm-j{v S-{]-kn-²n- t\Sm -\mbn k¼-¶-X-bn aq¶mw Øm\-apÅ P¸m\nte¡p t]mepw Cu Imcp-Wy-{]-hmlw ChnSs¯ Xmgv¶ XS-§f - n-sem¶pw X§msX 200

Imcp-Wy-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Im¼v

Hgp-In-¯p-S-§n-bn-«p-|v. Ipäw-]-d-b-cp-XtÃm, Hcp hnth-N-\-hp-anà Cu {]hm-l-¯n-\v; am{X-aà hnth-I-hpw. ]t£, Cu {]hr¯n a\pjy-sc-sbÃm-w Xpey-cmbn R§Ä ImWp-¶XpsIm-|m-sW¶v hymJym-\n-¡p-I-IqSn sNbvXm k¼qÀ®w! ssZh-§s - fÃmw Pohn-¨p-t]m-Ip-¶Xv kmaq-ly-amb Hcp "IW¡p ]-d-¨nen'\pÅ _m²y-Xtbm D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xztam AhÀ¡n-Ãm-¯-XpsIm-|p-am-{X-am-Wv. tUmIvSd - • - m-cpsS Imcy-¯n CXp-th-Ws - a¶v \mw iTn-¡m-dp-|v. AhÀs¡-Xnsc \jvS-]-cn-lm-c-¯n\v \mw tIÊpw -sIm-Sp-¡m-dp-|v. ^e-{]m]vXn {]h-Nn-¨n-«pÅ ]qP-I-fpsS Hcp IW-s¡-Sp¸v \S-¯n-, Imcy-km²yw \S-¡m¯ ]qP-I-fpsS ]Ww, \jvS-]-cn-lm-c-¯p-I-tbm-sSm¸w Xncn-sI-sIm-Sp-t¡-|n-h¶m Hc-¸-•m-cp-tStbm A½-¨n-am-cp-tStbm ASn-h-kv{Xw-t]mepw _m¡n-Im-Wp-I-bn-Ã. ]¸-\m-hsâ \ne-h-d-bn Hcp-X-cn-kzÀ®w _m¡n-bp-|m-hp-I-bn-Ã, AXv "G' Bbmepw "_n' Bbmepw. kzÀ®¯-InSv ta¡q-c-bn-en-Sp-t¼mgpw sImSn-a-c-¯n kzÀ®w ]qip-t¼mgpw B\-s¡m-«n-ep-|m-¡p-t¼mgpw slen-¸mUv thWsa¶v tZh-{]-iv\-¯n-eqsS `à-•m-tcmSv ]pe-¼p-t¼mgpw Aev]kzev]w "a\p-jy-¸äp-s|-¦nÂ' ta¸-dª s - Xms¡ `K-hm-•mÀ¡pw Ht¶mÀ¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. H¶p-an-sÃ-¦nepw \mw \½psS "kz´w' {]Xn-Ñm-b-bn ssZh-§sf krjvSn-¨n-tÃ. Aev]-kzev]w \µn-sbms¡-bm-Imw......

201

kz¯p-X] v m-Z\w GI c£m-amÀ¤w

"Nn´n-¨m Hc-´-hp-an-Ã, Nn´n-¨n-tàHcp-Ip-´-hp-anÃ' F¶ \mS³sNmÃv hfsc {]kn-²-am-Wv. \mw A\p-`-hn¡p¶ {]]-©s - ¯-¸än ]c-amÀin-¡p¶ ka-b¯v "km[mcW¡mcmb' P\-§-sf-¯n-t¨-cp¶ \nK-a-\-¯nsâ Hcp kw£n]v X cq]- a m- W - X v . ]t£, {]]- © s¯¡pdn¨v Btem-Nn¨ \½psS "BNm-cy•mcpsS' \nem-]m-Sn\v kam\-am-Wn-sX-t¶mÀ¡-Ww. Nn´n-¨m Hc-´h - p-an-Ã, icn-bmWv. Nn´n-¨n-tàHcp- Ip-´-hp-an-Ã, icn-b-Ã. aäp Pohn-IfnÂ\n¶pw \s½ hyXy-kvX-am-¡p¶ {][m-\-L-SIw ]cym -tem-Nn-¡m-\pÅ Ign-hm-Wv. Cu Ign-hmWv \s½ \mw arK-aà - m-sb-¶v sXän-²c - n-¡m³t]mepw CS-bm-¡n-bX - .v Cu Ign-hmWv D]-tbm-Kn-t¡| F¶v ]tcm-£-ambn Cu sNmÃn-eqsS kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶X - v. hn[n-hn-izm-khpw CXn-t\msSm¸w ssItImÀ¯v \n¡p-I-Iq-Sn-sN-bvXm ]ns¶ ]d-bm-\p-an-Ã. GXv kaq-l-amtWm Imcy-Im-c-W-_-Ôt¯msS Pohn-Xs - ¯bpw Npäp-]m-Sn-s\bpw-]än IqSp-Xemtem-Nn-¨X - v, Ah-cmWv FÃm I|p-]n-Sn-¯§ - f - p-sSbpw D] Úm-Xm¡fmbn amdn-b-Xv, amdp-¶-Xv. Ah-cmWv a\p-jyku-`m-Ky-¯nsâ {kjvSm-¡-fm-b-Xv. Hmtcm kaq-lhpw X§-sf-§s\ ]n¶-Wn-bn-embn F¶v hne-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ {][m-\-ambpw IW-¡n-se-Sp-t¡| hkvXpX CXm-Wv. hn[nbnepw ssZh-¯nepw hniz-kn¨v "hcm-\p-ÅXv hgn-bn X§-nÃ' F¶ ]Ã-hnbpw ]mSn Ccn-¡p¶ P\X ]n¶-WnbnÂX-s¶, \nÝ-bw. a²y-[c - W - ym-gn-{]-tZ-i¯v Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw hÀj-§Ä ¡p ap³]v Irjn Bcw-`n-¨X - nÂ\n¶mWv \mbm-Snbpw s]dp¡n-¯n¶pw Ign-ªn-cp¶ kaq-l-§-fnÂ\n¶v hfsc hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp kaq-l-cq-]o-I-c-Ww \S-¶-Xv. AXm-bXv, a\p-jyÀ Hcp {]tZ-i-¯p-Im-cmbn amdn. AXmXv {]tZ i - ¯ - nsâ khn-ti-jX - I - fpw [m\y-þPo-hn-hÀ¤-§f - psS e`y X - bpwsIm|v F§-s\-bmWv Ak-´p-en-Xa - mb kmaq-lycq-]o-Ic - W - hpw hnIm-khpw kw`-hn-¨Xv F¶pw \mw I|p202

kz¯p-X] v m-Z\w GI c£m-amÀ¤w

I-gn-ªp. \mK-cn-I-amb kwkvIr-Xn-IÄ \Zo-Xo-c-§-fn s]m«n-apf-bv¡m-\pÅ ImcWw shÅ-¯nsâ e`y-Xbpw ^e-`q-bn-jvTamb a®pw bm{Xm-ku-I-cy-§-fpsS km[y-X-bp-am-sW¶pw \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. ^e-`q-bn-jvTamb CS-§Ä¡pth|n-bpÅ bp²-§Ä \ndª Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p hÀj-§Ä AXn\ptijw IS-¶p-t]m-bn-. `qanbpsS apI-fn-epÅ Ah-Im-is¯bpw CW-¡n-sb-Sp¯ arK-§f - psS Iq«-s¯-bp-amWv \mw "kz¯v' F¶v A¶p hnfn-¨n-cp-¶X - .v AXn-\m `qan I¿-S-¡n-h-¨-hÀ Btcm AhÀ cmPm-¡-•m-cm-bn-¯oÀ¶p.

AXn-\p-tijw `qan-bpsS Ah-Im-in-IÄ F¶pw cmPm-¡-•m-cm-bncp-¶p. AhÀ A\p-hZ- n¨p sImSp¯ Ah-Im-i§ - tf aäp-Åh - À¡p|m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. {]amW§sfÃmw cmPm-hnsâ A\p-hm-ZN - n-Ó§ - f - m -bn-cp-¶p. `qan-bnÂ\n¶pÅ hcp-am-\-¯nsâ Hcp ]¦v cmPm-hn\p {]P-IÄ \evIp-¶-Xp-hgn cmPm-hn-sâ Bh-iy-§fpw s]mXp Bhiy-§-fmb hgn, InWÀ, Ipfw, k{X-§Ä apX-em-bh \nÀ½n-¡-s¸Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-¶p.

Im«n Ign-bp¶ Pohn-IÄ B ImSnsâ "DSa-Øc'Ã, B ImSv Ah-cpsS kz¯p-a-Ã. Ah-c-hnsS Pohn-¡pI am{X-am-Wv. Im«n Ign-bp¶ FÃm "Im«p-PmXn'¡mcpw B ImSp-IfpsS DS-a-ØX A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶n-Ã. ImÀjn-I-hr-¯n-bn-teÀs¸-Sp-t¼mÄ am{Xta AhÀ Pohn-¡p¶ Øe-¯nsâ DS-a-ØX A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-h-cmbn amdp-I-bp-Åq. AXpw `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä cq]-s¸«v "ssIh-im-hImiw' ]Xn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m-\pÅ {]am-W-§Ä Na-bv¡p¶Xp-hgnbmWv B A\p-`hw ZrV-s¸-SpIbpw sN¿p¶Xv. bYmÀ°-¯n `qan Bcp-tS-Xp-a-Ã-tÃm. `qan \½p-tS-XÃ, adn¨v `qan-bp-tS-XmWv \½Ä. atä-sXmcp Pohn-I-tfbpwt]mepÅ AhIm-ita \ap-¡p-ap-Åq. ]t£, kwL-Sn-X-_-e-¯m aäp PohnIÄ¡pw _ew Ipdª aäp a\p-jyÀ¡pw apI-fn Nne Iq«À¡v B[n-]-Xy-ap-|m-¡m³ Ign-ª-Xnsâ XpSÀ¨-bmWv Irjn-¡p-tijw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-¯n-\p-|m-b-Xv. Hcp {]tZ-i¯v hnI-kn-¡p¶ \mK-cn-IX, AXnsâ kz´w hnIm-kw-sIm-|p-Xs¶ Npäp-]m-Sp-apÅ hn`-h-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¨p XoÀ¡p-w. A§s\, Irjn-sb¶ DXv]m-Z\w-sIm|v hÀ²n-X-am-bn-¯oÀ¶ P\-s¸cp¸¯m AhnSw hn«pt]m-hpI am{X-amWv a\p-jyÀ sNbvXn-cp-¶-Xv. F¶pw P\-kwJy s]cp-Ip-¶-Xn-\-\p-k-cn¨v ]mcnØn-Xn-I-amb \miw kw`-hn¨v ]ucm-WnI \mK-cn-IX - I - s - fÃmw a¬a-dªp t]mbn cp¶p. ]pXnb CSwtXSn a\p-jy-ka - q-l§ - Ä bm{X sNbvXp. C§s\ amän amän {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸«v CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡v P\-kwJy hÀ²n¨pw Ipdªpw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-§Ä Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p hÀj-§Ä 203

a\pjycdnbm³

]n¶n-«p-t]m-¶p. ]p¯-\m-bp-[-§-fp-sSbpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsSbpw CW-¡n-sb-Sp-¡p¶ Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw klm-b-¯m ]e kaq-l-§fpw Iptd\mÄ ap³ssIIn«n- ]p-eÀ¶n«v XIÀ¶-Snª IY-bm-WtÃm ap³ImeNcn-{Xw. hym]m-cw-sIm|pw bp²w-sIm|pw ]c-k] v cw k¼À¡-¯n-teÀs¸-«n-cp¶ hn`m-K-§Ä¡n-S-bn-em-Wv FÃm-¯cw hnIm-k-§fpw kw`-hn-¨-sX¶v \mw t\ct¯ I|p-Ign-ªp- . Cu Ak-´p-en-Xa - mb hnImkw Hmtcm `qhn-`m-K¯ - n-\p-a\ - pk-cn-¨mWv kw`-hn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. ]c-k] v cw GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n k¼À¡-¯n-teÀs¸-«n-cp¶ hn`m-K§ - Ä¡n-Sb - n Gä-¡p-d¨ - n-ep-It - fm-sS-bm-sW-¦nepw s]mXphmb Hcp hnImkw kw`-hn-¨n-«p-|.v Fhn-sS-sbÃmw a\p-jyÀ C¯cw kw`-h§ - f - nÂ\n¶v Hä-s¸«v ae-ta-Sp-If - nepw Xpcp-¯p-If - nepw s]«pt]mtbm Ah-sc-bmWv \mw "BZn-hm-kn-IÄ' F¶v C¶v hnfn-¡p¶-Xv. AÃmsX "BZn-a-\n-hm-knI'fmb Bcpw temI-¯n-Ã. a\p-jyscÃmw BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-IÄXs¶-bm-Wv. ImcWw AXv Hscmä Pohn-hÀ¤wXs¶-bm-Wv. `qan-bpsS apI-fn-epÅ Ah-Im-ihpw hfÀ¯p-ar-K-§-fp-amWv ap³Ime¯v kz¯mbncp-¶Xv. C´y-t]m-epÅ cmPy-§-fn I¶pIm-en-Ifpw acp-`q-an-I-fn H«-I-§fpw aäp Nnte-S¯v IpXn-c-Ifpw Hs¡-bm-bn-cp¶p PwK-a-kz-¯p-¡Ä. tImSn-¡-W-¡n\v Bfp-IÄ bp²w sNbvX-Xmbn DuXn-s¸-cp-¸n¨v ]d-b-s¸« alm-`m-c-X-bp-²w c|v sNdnb tKm{X-hÀ¤-§Ä X½n- \S¶ t]mcm«amsW¶v C\n ]d-bp¶ kw`hw shfn-hm-¡pw. "N¯Xp IoN-Is - \-¦n sIm¶Xp `oa³Xs¶'F¶ bpàn-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n AÚm-X-hm-k¯n Ign-ªn-cp¶ ]mWvU-hsc ]pI¨v ]pd¯p NmSn-¡m³ Iuc-hÀ Is|-¯nb hnZy hncm-S-cm-Pm-hnsâ ]ip-¡sf tamjvSn¨p-sIm|p t]mhpI F¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. ]ip-¡sf tamjvSn-¡p-I, tKm{X-hÀ¤-kz-`m-h-am-Wv. AXv hen-b cmPy-§Ät¡m k{am-«pIÄt¡m tNÀ¶-Xà - . a\p-jyÀ¡v kz¯v F¶m F´m-bn-cps¶¶v B\pjw-Kn-I-ambn Chn-sS-¸-d-bp-¶p-sh-t¶-bp-Åq. C´y-bn {_mÒ-WÀ¡v Zm\w sImSp-¯n-cp-¶Xv ]ip-¡sfXs¶-bm-Wv. C¶v alm-`m-c-X-IY Sn.-hn-bnepw aäpw ]p\-cm-hn-jvI-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ henb tIm«-sIm-¯f - § - fpw ]«p-]m-hm-SI - fpw ImWp-t¼mÄ Nncn-¡p-Itb \nhr-¯n-bp-Åq. km[m-c-W-P-\-§-fp-|m-¡p¶ tN\bpw Im¨nepw ]pgp-¡psams¡ Xn¶mWv \½psS "alm-cm-Pm¡-•msc'Ãmw hmWn-cp-¶-Xv. h³tIm-«-IÄ ]Wn-Xmepw ]nc-an-Up-IÄ D|m-¡n-bmepw Xn¶p-¶sXÃmw ]pgp-¡m-bn-cn-¡pw. \m«n-ep-|m-bn-cp¶ kzÀ®saÃmw cmPmhnsâ knwlm-k-\-ap-|m-¡p-t¼mÄ XoÀ¶p-t]m-Ipw. CsXm-s¡-¸204

kz¯p-X] v m-Z\w GI c£m-amÀ¤w

d-bp-¶-Xn\p ImcWw `qan Ct¸m-g-t¯-Xp-t]m-se-Xs¶ ]|pw D|m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw AXn-\p-ap-I-fn Ah-Im-i-§Ä Øm]n¨v cmPm-¡• - m-cp-|m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw \mw C¶p ImWp¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ kz¯p-¡-sfm¶pw bYmÀ°-¯n D|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. "s]m«-¡p-f¯n ]pf-I³ ^Wo-{µ³' F¶ coXn-bn-epÅ cmPm-¡• - mtc temIsa-¼mSpw D|m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. Atim-I-N-{I-hÀ¯nbmbmepw AeIvkm-|À N{I-hÀ¯nbmbmepw koÊÀ N{I-hÀ¯nbmbmepw FÃmw henb sI«n-S-§Ä¡pÅn Xma-kn-¨n-cp¶ Zcn-{Z-hm-kn-IÄ Xs¶-bm-Wv. ap¸-Xpw \m¸Xpw hb-Ên\nS-bn tcmKw ]nSn¨p acn¨p t]mIp¶ A¸m-bp-Êp-I-fp-am-bn-cp¶p AhÀ. \½psS tImgn-t¡ms« kmaq-Xn-cn-bm-Is« t]mÀ«p-Ko-kp-ImÀ hcp-t¼mÄ henb ]\¼psIm«m-c¯ - n ]pgp¡pw Xn¶v Ign-bp-Ibpw tImWI-ap-Sp¯v Ip´w ]nSn¨v B\-¸p-d¯v khmcn sNbvXp Pohn-¡p-Ibp-am-bn-cp-¶p. kpJ-ku-I-cy-§Ä \½Ä Hmtcm-cp-¯À¡pw C-¶pÅ-Xp-t]mse A¶v Hcp cmPm-hn\pw D|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.

ImÀjnI hyh-Øn-Xnsb ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bpÅ a\p-jy-kaq-l-¯nsâ hnImkw Hmtcmtcm kaq-l-§-fn hyXy-kvX-amb coXn-I-fn D|m-hp-Ibpw CÃmXm-hp-Ibpw sNbvX Imcyw \mw ap³]p kqNn-¸n-¨p-h-tÃm. Hcp ap¶qdp hÀjw ap³]p-hsc, Hcp e£-¯n\pw c|p e£-¯n\pw CS-bv¡pÅ Hcp P\-k-aq-l-ambn hfÀ¶p Ign-ªm P\-kw-Jym-hÀ²-\b - v¡v A\p-kr-Xa - mbn ImÀ jn-Ih - r-¯n-bpsS hnI-k\w Akm-²y-am-¡n-¯oÀ¡p¶ Xc-¯n ]mcn-Øn-Xn-I-\miw kw`-hn¨v \mK-cn-IX XIÀ¶p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bncp¶p ]Xn-hv. \K-c-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨ Dd-¸m-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ Xc-¯nepÅ kmt¦-Xn-I-h-nZy-IÄ H¶pwXs¶ e`y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. \in-¨pt]mb h³kw-kvIm-c§ - s - f-¸ä - n-bpÅ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯m¯ Ncn-{Xhpw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯nb Ncn-{Xhpw \½p-sS-ap-¶n temI-sa-¼mSpw D|v.

Irjn sN¿m³ Ign-bp¶ Hcp `qhn-`m-K-¯n sN¶p IpSn-tbdn-¸mÀ¡p¶ P\-hn-`mKw s]s«-¶pÅ hfÀ¨bv¡p hnt[-b-cm-Ipw. ]t£, Cu hfÀ¨Xs¶-bmWv AXnsâ XIÀ¨bv¡p Imc-W-hpam-bn-¯o-cp-¶X - .v C¯-c¯ - n-epÅ IY-Ifpw AXn-t\m-S\ - p-_Ô - a - mbn hcp¶ X¯z-Nn-´-Ifpw aX-hn-izm-k-§fpw Hs¡-bm-bn-cp¶p \ap -¡p-|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. "hmW-sXÃmw Xcniv ' AXm-bn-cp¶p B Nn´-IfpsS ImXÂ. ]t£, C¡Y Hcp ap¶qdp hÀjw ap³]p-hsc icn-bm-bn-cp-s¶¦n kmt¦-XnIhnZy-I-fpsS s]m«n-s¯-dn-bm H¶n-\p-]p-dsI H¶mbn \mK-cn-IX - I - sf XIÀ¯p-If - b - p¶ {]iv\§ - Ä¡v ]cn-lmc-ap-|m-bn. ss]¸pw ]¼pw I|p-]n-Sn-¨-tXmsS shÅ-anà F¶p-ÅXn\v \nXy-]-cn-lm-c-am-bn. B[p-\nI tdmUp-Ifpw b{´-kw-hn-[m-\205

a\pjycdnbm³

§fpw \evInb Nc-¡p-am-ä§ - f - p-tSbpw bm{Xm-ku-Ic - y-§f - p-sSbpw hÀ²-\bpw Imäns\ A\p-Iq-en¨v am{Xw I¸-ep-IÄ bm{X ]pd-s¸«n-cp-¶X - n\p ]Icw GXp ka-b¯pw GXp Imem-hØ - b - nepw bm{X sN¿m³ Ign-bp¶ I¸-ep-If - psS I|p-]n-Sn¯-hpw Ìow F³Pnsâ I|p-]n-Sn¯-¯n\v XpSÀ¨-bm-bp-|mb sdbnÂth-bpw ]n¡me-¯p-|mb hnam-\-§fpw {]mhnsâ ImenÂsI«n Abbv-¡p¶ I¯p-I-fn-eqsS Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-¯n-bn-cp-¶-Xn\p ]Icw, B[p-\nI t]mÌ kÀÆokpw sSen-t^m¬, tdUntbm apX-em-bh-bpsS I|p-]n-Sn¯-§fpw "hmWXv Xcn-Èm'-tI| Bh-iy-anà F¶p sXfn-bn-¡p¶p. CXn-sâ-sbÃmw hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§-fmWv B[p- \ nI\K- c - h nI- k \§fneqsS \mw A\p- ` - h n- ¨ p- s Im- | n -cn-¡p-¶Xvv. I¶p-Im-en-If - nepw `qan-bpsS DS-aØ - X - b - nepw am{Xw- kz-¯ns\ a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-cp¶ a\p-jyÀ, AZr-iy-amb coXn-bn-epÅ kz¯p t]mepw DÅ Hcp Ime-¯mWv C¶p Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. `qanbpÅ-hsâ I¿nÂ\n¶v AXp ]nSn-s¨-Sp¯v FÃm-hÀ¡pw hnX-cWw sN¿p-¶Xp-hgn "Zmcn-{Zy-\nÀ½mÀÖ\w' \S-¯m-sa¶v kz]v\w I|n-cp¶ cmjv{So-b-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ C¶s¯ Cu A`q-X-]qÀÆ-amb hfÀ¨ F§s\ ssIImcyw sN¿-W-sa-¶-dn-bmsX A´w hn«n-cn-¡p-IbmW;v A§-s\-b-sÃ-¶-hÀ `mhn-¡p-t¼mgpw. kmÀh{Xn-I-amb hnZym-`ymkhpw a\p-jy-s\m-cn-¡epw CXn-\p-ap¼v I|n-«n-Ãm¯ Dev]¶ - § - f - psS D¸m-Z\ - hpw Ah-bpsS D]-tbm-Khpw D]-t`mKhpw sIm|v ]p¯³ Poh-\-km-²y-X-IÄ Xpd-¶p-h-cp¶ Ime-¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Irjn-`q-an-bn A[n-jvTn-Xa - mb hnI-k\ - a - m-Xr-II - f - mWv kz¯pev]m-Z-\-¯n-\pÅ D]m[n F¶v sXän-²-cn¨v cmjv{So-b-{]-hÀ¯\w \S-¯p-¶-h-cmWv C¶pw \½psS \m«n-ep-Å-Xv. Hcp ap¶qdp hÀjw ap¼p-|m-bn-cp¶ GsXmcp cmPm-hn-t\-¡mfpw kpJ-ku-I-cy-t¯msS-bmWv \mw "CS-¯-c-¡mcpw km[m-c-W-¡mcp'sa¶p hnfn-¡p-¶hÀt]mepw C¶p Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Hcp \qdp hÀjw ap³]v Ccp\q dp-tImSn a\p-jyÀ temI-¯p-|m-bn-cp-s¶-¦n C¶-hÀ Fgp-\qdptIm-SnbmWvv. Ccp-\qdp tImSn-bn sXm®qdp iX-am-\hpw Zcn-{Zcmbn Pohn-¨n-cp-¶-t¸mÄ Fgp-\q-dp-tIm-Sn-bn ap¸-Xp-i-X-am-\¯n\p Xmsg-bmWv C¶v Zmcn-{Zy-¯n Ign-bp-¶-Xv. [\w hÀ²n¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS km[y-X-I-fmWv C¯-csamcp {]Xn-`m-k-¯n\v CSw \evIn-b-Xv. shfn¨w, shÅw, `£Ww Ch-bpsS kpe-`X cmPm-¡-•mÀ¡v kz]v\w ImWm³ t]mepw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. \man¶p Ign-bp¶ Pohn-X-\n-e-hmcw cmPm-¡-•mÀ¡v Is¿-¯p-¶-Xn\pw apI-fn-em-bn206

kz¯p-X] v m-Z\w GI c£m-amÀ¤w

207

a\pjycdnbm³

cp-¶p. CsXm¶ptamÀ¡m-sX-bmWv ]|p kphÀ®-Im-ea - m-bn-cp¶p sh¶pw amth-en-bpsS \m«n am\p-j-sc-Ãm-hcpw H¶m-bn-cp¶p sh¶p-sams¡ ]mSn \mw at\m-cmPyw ImWp-¶Xv. Zqsc-t¸m-bh - sc ImWm³ "ajn-bn«p' t\m¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xn\p ]Icw C¶v skÂt^mWn-eq-sS-bpw Csa- b n- en- eq- sSbpw ]c- k v] cw kwkm-cn-¡ m\pw ImWm\pw Ign-bpw. D|m-bn-cp¶ kzs¯Ãmw aäp-Å-hÀ IhÀ¶psIm-|p-t]m-b-Xp-sIm-|mWv \msaÃmw Zcn-{Z-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶ ]Ãhn]mSn kabw If-bmsX kz¯v DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶ coXn A\phÀ¯n-¡p-I-bmWv \mw sNt¿-|-Xv. aäp-Å-hÀ¡v X«n-s¡m-|pt]m-I-¯-¡-h®w \½psS ssIhiw kzs¯m¶pw A[n-I-ap-|mbn-cp-¶nà Fs¶-¦nepw \mw a\-Ên-em-t¡-|X - p-|.v ImSp-ap-gp-h\pw X§-fpsS kz¯mbn Icp-Xn-bmepw B[p-\nI kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bnsÃ-¦n Im«n Ign-bp¶ a\p-jyÀ "ImS-•m-cm'bn XpS-cpw. kz¯p hÀ²n¸n-¨m `qan-bnse Ah-km-\s¯ ]uc-t\bpw Hcp ]Xn-\©n\pw Ccp-]X - n\pw hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån Zmcn-{Zy-¯nÂ\n¶v \ap¡p tamNn-¸n-¡p-hm³ Ign-bpw. AÃmsX CsXÃmw hn[n-bmWv F¶p hniz-kn-¨p-I-gn-bp-I-bà th|-Xv. \½psS X¯z-Nn-´-I-fpsS ImX-embn hÀ¯n-¨ncp-¶Xv Cu ta¸-dª Zmcn-{Zym-\p-`-h-§fm-Wv. "DbÀ¶ Nn´, efnX PohnX' ho£W¯n\-Sn-bnepw Cu Zmcn{ZywXs¶-bmWv {]hÀ¯n-¨n-cp-¶X - .v Zmcn-{Zys¯ t\cn-Sm-\pÅ bpàn-Is - f¶ \ne-bn-emWv \½psS PohnX-ho-£-W-§sfÃmw cq]-s¸-«n-«p-Åp-Xv. FÃm D¶-X-aq-ey-§sf¸änbpÅ k¦-e] v -\-§fpw Dcp¯n-cn-ªp-h-¶Xpw Cu Zmcn{Zy {]IoÀ ¯-\-§-fnÂ\n¶m-Wv. \½psS k¶ymk k¦-e] v -\-§fpw efn-X-PohnX hmgv¯-ep-Ifpw FÃmw £mas¯bpw Zmcn-{Zy-s¯bpw t\cn -Sm-\pÅ X¿m-sd-Sp-¸p-Ifpw a\-¸-cp-h-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-I-fp-am-Wv. _lp `qcn-]£w t]cpw Zcn-{Z-cm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ ]W-¡m-cmhpI Hc-Çoe {]hr-¯n-bmbn am{Xta \½Ä¡v ImWm-\m-Iq. am{X-a-Ã, ]W-¡mc-m-Ip-¶-h-tcmSv kzm`m-hnIambn tXm¶p¶ Akq-bbpw Zpcbpw ImcWw ]W-saÃmw {]I-S-\-]-c-am-¡msX Hfn-¨p-sh-bv¡m³ \s½ t{]cn-¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

CsX-Ãm-amWv C¶pw \mw cmjv{So-b-þ-km-aqly {]hÀ¯-I-cn ImW-W-sa¶v B{K-ln-¡p¶ aqey-§Ä. ]g-b-Ime kmaq-ly-þcm-j{v Sob {]hÀ¯-\a - q-ey-§f - mbn \mw Chsb a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶X - n\p ]Icw Ahsb Nnc-Imeaq-ey-§-fmbn ImWp-¶Xv aqey-t_m[Krlm- X p- c Xz¡p- S p- ¡ n AI- s ¸- « p- t ]m- I p- ¶ - X p- s Im|m- W v .

Pohn-X-¯n anXXzw ]men-¡-W-sa-¶p-ÅXv Hmtcm Ime-L-«-¯n\-\p-kr-X-ambn amän a\-Ên-em-t¡|-XmWv. [qÀ¯v Hgn-hm-t¡-|Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wv, ]t£, Zmcn-{Zy-a-l¯z-`q-X-¡-®mSn D]-tbm-Kn¨p 208

kz¯p-X] v m-Z\w GI c£m-amÀ¤w

t\m¡n-¡-s|-¯p¶ Gdn-b-]¦pw [qÀ¯p-IÄ B Ime-L-«-amhiy-s¸-Sp¶ shdpw kuI-cy-§Ä am{X-am-bn-cn-¡pw. C¡m-c-W¯mÂ, ]nip¡pt]mepw anX-Xz-ambn sXän-²c - n-¡m³ CS-hc - p-¯pw.

IqSmsX, [\-ap-|m¡n-bmepw AXp-]-tbm-Kn¨p Pohn-¡m³ IgnbmsX acn-¨p-t]mIpw. AXpt]mse, ]W-¡m-c-m-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw Zcn-{Z-cmbn A`n-\-bn-¡m³ \mw cmjv{So-b-¡mscbpw kmaq-ly{]-hÀ¯-I-scbpw \nÀº-Ôn-¡pIIqSn sN¿p-w. AXp-sIm-|mWv ]p¯-\p-Sp¸v hnebv¡p hm§n hen-¨p-Iodn [cn-¡m³ cmjv{So-b¡m-c³ \nÀº-Ôn-X-\m-Ip-¶-Xv. \mw Zmcn-{Zys¯ {]IoÀ¯n-¡p¶ {]Xy-bi - m-kv{X-§f - nÂ\n¶pw tamNn-XcmtI| Imew AXn-{I-an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. B[p-\nI kmt¦XnI hnIm-k¯ - m e`n-¡p¶ kuI-cy-§s - fÃmwXs¶ [qÀ¯nsâ ]cym-b-ambn amdp-¶-Xv k¦-S-I-c-am-Wv. [qÀ¯-cm-Im-Xn-cn-¡m³ th|n kmt¦-XnIhnZy-bn ]n¶-Wn-bn \n¡m³ Hmtcm-cp¯cpw ChnsS ISp¯ aÕ-c¯ - n-em-Wv. "R§Ä¡v Imdn-Ã, sk t^m-Wn-Ã, {^nUvPn-Ã, anIvkn-bn-Ã, hnam-\-¯n Ib-dn-bn-«n-Ã' Fs¶Ãmw A`n-am-\-]qÀÆw ]ecpw ]d-bp-¶Xp tIÄ¡mw. ]t£, Zmcn-{Zy-kq-Nn-Ib - psS Af-hp-tIm-en A§p-Xmsg \n¡p¶ P\X-bmbn \mw XpS-cpw. C§s\ IqSp-X kz¯p-|m-¡p-¶Xv sXämsW¶ t_m[w ]c-¯n, kmt¦-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn¨v apt¶-td| P\-Xsb ]n¶m¡w Xf-¨n-Sp-¶X - n\v "D¶Xaqeycmjv{Sobw' Ipd-s¨m¶p-aà kw`m-h\ \ÂIn-b-Xv, C¶pw \ÂIp-¶-Xv. Häap|pw _\n-b\pw ssIenbpw IpSnepw I«³Nmbpw apdn_o-Unbpw Ie-¸h - ¨ - pÅ Irjnbpw FÃmw \½psS aqey-ta-Je - I - f - n \n¶pw ]pdw-X-tÅ--|Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. IÀj-I-sc¶p ]d-ªm ]mf-¯m-dp-Sp-¯v, ]mf-s¯m-¸nbpw h¨v I¶p-]q«n Irjn-bn-d-¡p-¶h-cpsS Nn{X-§-fmWv \mw Ip«n-I-fpsS ]mT-]p-kvX-I-§-fn hc-¨ph-bv¡p-¶Xpw a\-Ên [cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw. Ignª \qäm-|nsâ BZyw Ata-cn-¡³ - P\-kwJybpsS 53% a\p-jycpw Irjn-¡m-cm-bncp-¶p. C¶v AhnsSbpÅ BsI P\-kw-Jy-bpsS aq¶p iX-am\w hcpw IÀj-IÀ. Cu aq¶p iX-am\w, Ata-cn-¡b - nse P\-Xs - bbpw temI¯nsâ ]e-`m-K-§-fn-ep-Å-h-scbpw Xoän-t¸m-äp-¶p. ChÀ Imfbpw Ie-¸bpambn apt¶-dn-bn-cp-s¶-¦n C¶s¯ Ata-cn¡ D|m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXym-[p-\nI kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-IÄ D]-tbmKn-¡p-¶-h-cmWv Ahn-Ss¯ IÀj-IÀ. AXn-\m Ipd¨p Øeap-]t- bm-Kn¨p IqS-X DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³ AhÀ¡p Ign-bp-¶p. ]Icw B[p-\nI kt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-hsc ]pÑn¨v \mw kmbp-Py-a-S-bp-¶p. AXv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-hÀs¡Xnsc kacw sN¿p-¶p, Ahsc D]-tcm-[n-¡p-¶p. imkv{X-¯n-eq-¶nb {]Xy-bim-kv{X-§f - m-Wn-sXÃmw sN¿p¶sX¶ hntcm-[m-`mkwIqSn-bp-|v.

209

a\pjycdnbm³

Chn-sSbpw \mw [\-ap-Å-h-cm-bn amdn-s¡m-|n-cn¡p-I-bmW.v F¶n«pw Cu Zmcn{Zyaqey-§Ä aäp-Å-hcnÂ\n¶pw Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶Xv KXIm-eaqey-¡p-Sp¡nÂ\n¶pw tamNn-XcmIm¯-Xp-sIm -|m-Wv. _p²-\nÂ\n¶p XpS§n k¶ym-kn-kw-L-§-fn-eqsS XpS cpIbpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNbvX Cu aqey-t_m[w Ignª \qäm | - nse amXr-II - f - mb KmÔnbpw \mcm-bW - \pw Ac-¡n-«p-d¸ - n-¨p.

A¡m-c-W-¯m a\p-jy-i-ànsb {]IoÀ¯n-¨n-cp¶, Ah-cpsS A²zm-\-¯nsâ D¸-¶-ambn FÃm kz¯n-s\bpw I|n-cp¶ I½yq- W n- Ì p- I mÀ¡p- I qSn Cu Zmcn- { Zys¯ ]pW- t c- | n- h - ¶ p.

Zmcn-{Zyalnamam-Xr-Ibn Pohn-¡p-t¼mgpw X§Ä KmÔn-in-jy•m-c-Ãm-sb¶p sXfn-bn-¡m-\mbn apdn-_oUn hen¨pw I«³Nmb IpSn-¨p-amWv I½yq-Wn-Ìp-ImÀ "hyXy-kvX-cmb' k¶ym-kn-h-cy-•mcmbn Ign-ªn-cp-¶-Xv. ]g-b-Ime I½yq-Wn-Ìp-I-fpsS Pohn-Xssienbn ISn-¨p-Xq-§p¶ t\Xm-¡sf {]IoÀ¯n-¡p-¶-co-XnbmW,v X§Ä A§s\ Ign- b m- ¯ - t¸mgpw, P\-§Ä C¶pw sN¿p-¶-Xv. CXn\p kam-\-ambn \½Ä¡p ImWm-hp¶ asämcp IpSp¡v Ata-cn-¡b - n-em-Wv. Xmc-Xt - ay\ ssewKnI kzmX-{´y-a\ - p-`h - n¡p¶ Hcp P\-hn-`m-K-amWv Ata-cn-¡³ ]ucÀ. ]t£, Ahn-Ss¯ cmjv{Sobþkm-aqly t\Xm-¡Ä Ahn-Ss¯ ]uc-•mÀ A\p-`-hn¡p¶ ssewKnI kzmX{´yw kzPo-hn-X¯ - n ]IÀ¯n-bm A[nIm-c-]-Sn¡v ]pd-¯m-Ipw. {InkvXp-aXw {]N-cn-¸n¨ cXn-hn-cp² kmaq-ly-t_m-[-sa¶ B¸qcn hmep IpSp-§nb Hcp P\-X-bmWv Ahn-sS-bp-Å-Xv. ]mhw ¢nâ¬, At±-l-¯nsâ B¸o-kp-]q«n-t¸mbn. Fs´mcp hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-Wn-sX-Ãmw....Nncn-¡m\pw h¿, Nncn¡m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw h¿. kz¯v DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-Xn-scbpw AXv DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³ ap³ssI FSp-¡p-¶-hÀs¡-Xn-scbpw \ne-]m-sS-Sp-¡p-I-bmWv cmjv{So-b-{]-hÀ¯-\sa¶pt]mepw sXän²cn¡p-¶-bn-S-¯p-hsc \mw F¯n-t¨À¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. `qan kz¯-söv BZyw AdnbpI. A²zm\w kz¯-sÃ-¶d - n-bpI. kwLm-S\w kz¯-sÃ-¶d - n-bp-I. ChsbÃmw kz¯p¸m-Zn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ ap¶p-]m-[n-IÄ am{X-am-sW-¶dn-bp-I. Ch Iq«n-bn-W-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶-hsc t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p¶ \ne-]m-SmWv \mw FSp-t¡-|-Xv. AXn\p ]Icw ap³ssI FSp-¡p¶-hsc F§s\ XSbmw F¶-Xn anSp¡v ImWn-¡p¶ aqV-•mcmWv \½psS cmjv{Sob t\Xm¡•mÀ. [\-ap-|m-¡p-¶Xv aäp-Åhsc sImÅ-b-Sn¨pw NqjWw sNbvXp-am-sW¶ \½psS Nnc-{]Xn-jvS-t\-Snb hnh-c-t¡Sv \mw Dt]-£n-t¡| Imew AXn-{I-an-¨ncn-¡p-¶p. ImdÂamÀIvknsâ t{]X-_m[ B[p-\nI Adnhnsâ Ønc-P-]-¯m Hgn-¸n-s¨-Sp-t¡|XmWv. 210

kz¯p-X] v m-Z\w GI c£m-amÀ¤w

bqtdm¸v Xs¶-bmWv aäv GXv P\-hn-`m-K-¯n\pw ]n³Xp-S-cm³ \à amXr-I. D|mb kz¯p-¡Ä D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-ambn Nne hyànI-fpsS Ic-§-fn am{Xw Ip¶p-Iq-«-s¸-SmsX, SmIvkv D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]ncn-s¨-Sp¯v `qcn-]£w P\-Xbv¡pw t£a-Ic - a - mbn D]-tbm-Ks - ¸Sp-¯m³ AhÀ¡p Ign-ªp. AXphgn sIm«n-tLm-jn-¡s - ¸« hn¹ -h-§-sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsXXs¶ km²y-amb \oXn Dd-¸m-¡m³ AhÀ¡v km[n¨p. DXv]mZ\¯n\v ap³ssI FSp-¡p-¶h - sc \ncp-Õm-ls - ¸ S- p-¯p¶ tkmjy-enÌv {]tbm-K{- ]-hÀ¯\§-fpsS A`m-hhpw Ignbp-¶{X \oXn-t_m-[t - ¯msS ]cn-jvIc-W{- ]-hÀ¯-\§ - Ä \S-¯pIbpw sNbvX-Xn-\m a\p-jy-cn-¶p-hsc A\p-`-hn-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ kam[m-\] - q-À®hpw kmaq-ly-\oXn \nd-ªX - p-amb kaq-l§ - Ä bqtdm ¸ - n ]cs¡ sI«n-¸S- p-¡p-hm³ Ign-ªp. \oXn-bà - , kuI-cy-§f - à - , kam-[m-\a - à - , kzmX-{´y-aà - , PohnX-aà {][m\w A[n-Im-ca - mWv {][m\w F¶ I½yq-WnÌv Akw-_-Ô-amWv "A[n-Im-c'-sa¶ AaqÀ¯-XbpsS ]n¶mse ]mbm³ t{]cn-¸n¨v \s½-t¸m-epÅ P\-X-Isf XoÀ¯pw hgn-sX-än¨p If-ªXv. \mw BZyw kz¯v DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡pI-bmWv th|Xv, AÃmsX CÃm¯ kz¯v ]¦p-hb - ¡ v m-\à - . km²ya-Ãm-¯ \oXn-sb-¸än, F§p-an-Ãm¯ kaXzs¯¸än C{X-b-[nIw t_m²yapÅ asämcp P\-X- temI¯v \s½-t¸mse Dt|m F¶v kwi-bn-t¡-|n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. A¡m-c-W-¯mÂ, kzbw kz¯v DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡m-sXbpw aäp-Å-hsc DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡m sXbpw tatem«p Ib-dp-¶-hs\ Iotgm«p ]nSn-¨nSp¶ R|p-I-sft¸mse ]c-k] v cw ]oUn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp P\-X-bmbn \mw amdn-¡-gnªp. Cu I½yq-WnÌv Bib t{]X_m[-bnÂ\n¶pw \mw tamNnX-cmtb aXn-bm-hq.

211

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

a\p-jy-k-aqlw L«wL«-ambn hnI-kn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¶pw Hcp L«w AkvXa - n-¡p-¶X - n\pap¼v ]pXnb L«-¯nsâ cq]o -I-cWw AXn-\p-Ån¯s¶ \S-¡pI-bm-sW-¶pw Ch X½n kwLÀj-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡p-sa-¶pw \qX-\L - «w A\nhm-cy-ambpw A´n-a-ambpw hnP-bn-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿psa¶pw amÀIvknkw hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. ]t£, shÅw NqSm-Ip-t¼mÄ \ocm-hn-bm-Ip-¶X - p-t]m-setbm AsÃ-¦n XWp-¡p-t¼mÄ aªp-I-«-bmbn amdp-¶-Xp-t]m-setbm Hcp "kzm`m-hnI'']cn-Wm-a-aà CsX¶pw CXn\v hÀ¤-iàn-If - psS Iq«m-ba v bpw AXn¯s¶ sXmgn-em-fn-hÀ¤¯nsâ t\Xr-Xzhpw XmXv]-cy-kw-c-£-Whpw AXym-h-iyL-SI - a - mbn DÄt¨À¶n-cn-¡p¶p F¶pw amÀIvknkw ]dbp-¶p. Hmtcm ka-b¯pw Hmtcm L«-¯nepw a\p-jy-N-cn{X-¯n\v Hcp "Nme-I-iàn' Ds|¶pw AXnsâ t\Xr-Xz¯n-em-bn-cn¡pw Ft¸mgpw hn¹-h-§Ä kw`-hn-¡p-¶sX¶pw AXv kn²m-´n-¡p-¶p. hn¹-h-sa-¶m Hcp s]m«n-s¯-dn-tbm-sSm¸w D|m Ip¶ KpW-]-c-amb IpXn-¨p-Nm-«-am-sW¶pw a\p-jy-k-aq l - ¯ - n Hmtcm L«-¯n\pw AXnsâ X\-Xmb D¸m-Z\ D]m-[n-Ifpw D¸m-Z-\-co-Xn-Ifpw D¸m-Z\ iàn-Ifpw D|m-bn-cn-¡p-sa-¶pw B L«-¯nsâ km[q-Ic - W - ¯ - n\pw \ne-\n-e] v n\pw klm-bI - c - a - mb Bi-bc - q-]o-Ic - Ww AXn\p t\XrXzw sImSp-¡p¶ hÀ¤-i-àn-IÄ DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡psa¶pw amÀIvknkw ]d-bp-¶p. Cu Bi-b-§Ä B D ¸m- Z \L«w \in¨v asäm- ¶ mbn amdn- b mepw a\p- j y k - a - q-l¯ - n BZ-cn-¨p-hc - p¶ aqey-§f - mbn XpS-cp-sa¶pw AXv kaÀ°n-¡p-¶p. Cu Bi-b-§Ä Ft¸mgpw "a\pjy-]p-tcm-KXn'bv¡v FXnsc {]Xn-tem-aI-ca - mbn {]hÀ¯n¡p-sa¶pw AXv hmZn-¡p-¶p. AXn-\m hÀ¤-i-àn-kwLm-S-\-¯n-s\m¸w {]Xn-tema Bi-b-§Äs¡-Xnsc \nc ´ - c - k - a - cw sNt¿| Bh-iyhpw AXv Du¶n-¸d - b - p-¶p-|.v {]mIr-X-I-ayq-Wn-kw, ASn-a-¯w, \mSp-hm-gn-¯w, apXem-fn¯w ]ns¶ \mw F¯n-t¨-tc| Iayq-Wn-khpw 212

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

AXnsâ CS-\n-e-L-«-amb tkmjy-en-khpw F¶ coXn-bn a\p-jyN-cn-{Xs¯ Xcw-Xn-cn-¨Xv Ncn{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡m-\pÅ Hcp Af-hptIm-se¶ \ne-bn-e-ÃmsX temI-bm-YmÀ°y-ambn AXns\ a\-Ênem-¡n-bX - mWv \ap¡v ]n¡m-e¯v {]iv\a - m-bn-¯oÀ¶-Xv. ssZhw, Bßm-hv, a\-Êv, Nn¯w, Al-¦mcw XpS-§nb Bßo-b-k-¦-e] v -\§Ä ]g-b-Ime Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fm-sW¶v \mw I|p-I-gn-ª-tÃm.

AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ kmaq-ly-bm-YmÀ°y-§sf a\-Ên-em-¡m³ ImdÂamÀIvkv Is|-¯nb A{X kq£va-a-Ãm¯ Af-hp-tIm-epI-fm-bn, AXm-bXv amdpw apghpw t]mes¯ Af-hp-tIm-ep-If - m-bn, amÀIvknÌv -]cnIev]-\-Isf \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. ]m]w, sNIp-¯m³, ZpjvS-i-àn-IÄ, Idp-¸n-sâ iàn-IÄ Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ aX-k-¦-e] v -\-§-Ä¡p Xpey-ambn _qÀjzm, s]än -_qÀjzm, hÀ¤-h-©-IÀ, Icn-¦m-en-IÄ, {]Xn-hn-¹-h-Im-cn-IÄ, CSXp-hy-Xn-bm-\¡ - mÀ XpS-§nb amÀIvknÌv Bt£] ]cn-lmkt¸cpIÄ \ap-s¡-hn-tSbpw ImWmw. {]mIr-X-I-ayq-Wn-k-sa¶v Imd amÀIvkv ]d-bp¶ Ime-L«w Hcp c|p-e£w hÀjw hcp-sa¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Imc-Ww, a\p-jy-s\¶ Pohn-hÀ¤w hwi-\miw kw`-hn¨ aäp a\p-jy-Ip-e-§-fnÂ\n¶v thÀ]n-cn-ªn«v c|p-e£w hÀj-am-bn. ]n¶oSv Irjn I|p-]n-Sn¨Xn\p-ti-j-apÅ Ignª ]Xn-\m-bncw hÀjs¯ Ncn-{X-amWv ]e L«-§f - mbn amÀIvkv Xncn¨n-cn-¡p-¶-sX¶v \ap¡v Im-Wmw. am{X-aà Xm\n-cp¶ bqtdm-]y³ cmPy-§-fp-sS-bn-S-bnepw Npänepw t\m¡n-bmWv amÀIvkv Cu hn`P-\-§Ä hcp-¯n-b-Xv. Cu k¦-e] v -\-§-fn "G¨p-h-¨m apg-¨ncn¡pw' F¶ coXn-bn-epÅ "Gjy³ hnI-k-\-coXn'sb¸än amÀIvkv ]d-bp-¶Xp tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ \ap¡v Nncn hcpw. a\p-jys\ Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-ambn \mw ImWp-Ibm-sW-¦n C¶pw {]mIr-X-I-ayq-Wn-k-¯nÂt]mepw F¯n-t¨À¶n-«n-Ãm¯ P\-hn-`mK-§ÄsXm«v FÃm L«-§fpw Htckabw Hcp cmPy-¯n-\p-Ån \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶ Ime-¯mWv \man¶pw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. B[p-\nI imkv{X-Zr-jvSn-sIm|v ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb ASn-Øm-\-¯n a\p-jyk-aq-l-§sf a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mÄ amÀIvknsâ Cu k¦-e] v -\-§Ä Imf-h-|n-bp-K-¯n-emWv Ign-bp-¶-sX¶p ImWmw. amÀIv k n- k - ¯ n CÃm- ¯ Xv Ncn- { Xhpw imkv { X- h p- a m- W v ; AsX{XI|v "imkv{Xob tkmjy-enkw' F¶v sIm«n-tLm-jn-¨mepw. bYmÀ°-¯n AXnepÅXv Aan-X-amb B{K-l-Nn-´-bm-Wv. Hcp]-t£, AXpXs¶-bm-bn-cn¡mw \½Ä, a\p-jysc C{X-b-[nIw BIÀjn-¨Xpw. imkv{Xo-b-amb a\-Ên-em-¡-en {]mIr-X-I-ayq-Wnk-sat¶m ^yqU-en-k-sat¶m a\p-jy-k-aq-ls¯ Xcw-Xn-cn-¡m-\mhn-Ã. C¶pw Irjn-sb-¯n-t¨-cm-¯, kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-sf-¯n-t¨213

a\pjycdnbm³

cm-¯, ]c-k] v cw hym]m-ctam k¼À¡tam CÃm¯ Hä-s¸-«pt]mb kaq-l-§-fm-bn«p am{Xta \mw BZn-hm-kn-I-sf¶pw tKm{XhÀ¤-¡m-sc¶pw hnfn-¡p¶ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-§sf ImWm³ Ign-bpI-bp-Åq.

BIm-i-¯nse A\-´-X-bn-te¡p t\m¡n-bm kÔymtaL§Ät]mse s]mSn-]-Se-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw Ah-bnÂ\n¶v Dcp¯n-cnªp hcp¶ \£-{X-§s - f-bpw _mey-Imew ]n¶n« \£-{X-§tf-bpw buh\w ]n¶n« \£-{X-§-sf-bpw aq¯p-\-c¨ \£-{X-§ -tf-bpw sI«p-t]mb \£-{X-§-sfbpw Xtam-KÀ¯-§-fmb \£ -{X-§-sf-bpw Ch-sbÃmw tNÀ¶p \nev¡p¶ Kme-Ivkn-I-sfbpw Htckabw \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. F§-s\-bmtWm hnhn[ {]mb-¯n-epÅ \£-{X-§-fpÄs¡m-Åp¶ Hcp KmeIvkn Ign-bp¶-Xv, AXp-t]m-se-bmWv a\p-jy-s\¶ Pohn-hÀ¤w Htckabw hnhn[ Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fn-eqsS ]e {]tZ-i-§-fpsS khn-ti-j-XIÄsIm|v ]e Xc-¯n-epÅ Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fp-ambn Ign-bp-¶-Xv. CXn\p-Ån Cu amä-§sf a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶X - n-\p-th|n \mw D|m-¡p¶ Xcw-Xn-cn-hp-Isf "kXy'sa¶p KWn-¡msX Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-sf-¶v, AXpw ]p¯³ Adn-hp-I-fpsS klm-b-¯m amäm-hp¶ Af-hptIm-ep-Is - f-¶,v \mw Adnb-Ww. Imf-h| - n-IÄ Hcp Ime¯v D]-tbm - K - { ]- Z - a m- b n- c p- ¶ - X - p - t ]mse amÀIv k n- k ¯ns\bpw ImW- W w. ]p¯³ Adn-hp-I-fpsS shfn-¨-¯n ]pXnb hml-\-§Ä \mw Is|-¯n-b-Xp-t]mse CXn-sâ D]-tbm-Khpw Ipdªpsh¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. I½yq-WnÌv hyhØn-Xn-bpsS Iogn `cWIqSw sImgnªp t]mIpsa¶p \mw kz]v\w ImWm-dp-|v. CXp shdp-samcp kz]v\w am{X-am-sW¶v Adnbp-I. t{iWo-_-²-amb a\p-jy-s\¶ PohnhÀ¤w, ]c-k] v cw NÀ¨sNbvXv Hcp [mc-W-bn-se¯n, kmam-t\y\ km²y-amb \oXn-\nÀÆ-lW - ¯ - n\v Hcn-¡epw Hgn¨p IqSm-\m-Im¯ H¶mbn thWw `c-W-Iq-Ss¯ AsÃ-¦n `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\s¯ a\-Ên-em-t¡-|X - .v `c-WI - qSw sImgnªpt]mbm BÀ¡pw \nb{´-Wa - n-Ãm¯ tkmam-en-bI - f - m-bn-cn¡pw D|m-hp-I. kn³_mZv IY -I-fn am{Xw tI«p ]cn-N-bn-¨n-cp¶ ISÂsImÅ-¡m-cp-sSbpw I|m ISn¨pIodp¶ tKm{X-¯e - h - • - m-cp-sSbpw IY-If - mWv C¶v tkmam-en-bmbv¡p-ÅnÂ. CXp \mw Xncn-¨d - n-bW - w. `cWkwhn-[m\w ià-am-bn-cn-¡W - w. ]t£, AXv kpXm-cyhpw Agn-aX - n-cl - n-Xhpw \oXn-bp-àh - p-am-¡m³ \nc-´c - ] - c - n-jvIc - W - § - Ä¡v hnt[-ba - m-¡n, B[p-\nI kmt¦-XnIhnZy-I-fpsS klm-b-t¯msS \mw {ian-¨psIm-t|-bn-cn-¡W - w. AÃmsX Hcmsfm-cm-fpsS kwKo-Xa - mbn amdp¶ Hc-hØ - bpw a\p-jyÀ Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶nSt¯mfw Imew km²y-a-söpw \mw Xncn-¨-dn-b-Ww. 214

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

kzIm-cy-kz-¯nsâ cq]o-Ic - W - ¯ - n-eq-sS-bmWv a\p-jyÀ¡n-Sb - n hÀ¤-ssh-cp[yw aqÀÑn¨-sX¶v ]d-tb| Bhiyw Imd amÀIvkn\v D|m-b-Xp-sIm-|mWv ASn-a-¯-¯n\p ap³]pÅ Ncn-{X-s¯bmsI' {]mIr-X-I-ayq-Wnkw'F¶v At±lw hnfn-¨-Xv. Hcp tKm{Xw kzIm-cy-kz¯v CÃm-Xn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ ]c-k] v -c-k-l-I-c-W-¯n-eqsS Im«nÂ\n¶p e`n-¡p¶ Blm-c-]-ZmÀ°-§-sfÃmwXs¶ GXm|v Xpey-ambn ]¦n-Sp¶ Hc-h-Ø-bmWv D|m-bn-cp-¶-sX¶pw At±lw k¦-e] v n-¡p-¶p. ]t£ bmYmÀ°yw Cu k¦-e] v \ - ¯ - nÂ\n¶v hfsc AI-se-bm-bn-cp¶p F¶p \mw I|p-I-gn-ª-tÃm.

Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤sa¶ \ne-bn t{iWo-_² - a - mb a\p-jyk-aqlw Hcp tKm{X-¯n-\p-Ånepw Cu t{iWo-_-²X \ne-\nÀ¯n-bn-cp¶p. tKm{X-¯e - h - t - âbpw {]mb-am-bh - c - p-tSbpw _e-ap-Åh - c - p-tS-Xp-amb Hcp t{iWo-_² - X Ft¸mgpw D|m-bn-cp-¶p. \mbm-Snbpw s]dp-¡ns¡m-|p-h¶pw kw`-cn-¡p-¶ hkvXp-h-I-IÄ tKm{X-¯-e-hsâ CjvSm-\p-k-cWw hn`-Pn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. tKm{X-¯-e-h\v {]m]y-amb Ah-Øb - n-em-bn-cn¡pw FÃm {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bmb kv{Xo P-\-§-fpw. ]e tKm{X-§sf tNÀ¯n-W¡n ]n¡m-e¯v cq]w sIm| cmPy-§-fnepw X«p-X-«mbn t{iWo-_-²-k-aq-l-amWv cq]w sIm|-Xv. cmPy-cq-]o-Ic - W - ¯ - n\pap³]v tKm{X-§Ä - X½n Cc-Isf tXSm\pÅ Ah-Im-i-¯n\pw `£-W-e-`yXbv¡p th|nbpw ]c-k] v cw t]mcm-Sn-bn-cp¶p F¶ IYbpw \mw ad-¡c - p-Xv. _ewsIm|pam{Xw BZyw tbmPn-¸n¨p cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb kaq-ls¯ tImÀ¯n-W-¡p¶-Xn-\p-th|n ]n¡m-e¯v Bi-b] - c - a - m-b, AXm-bX - ,v aX-]c - hpw BNm-cm-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb Bi-b-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bm-Wp-|mbn-«p-ÅX - v. _e-ap-]t - bm-Kn¨v A\y-tKm-{X-§sf ]nSn-¨psIm|ph¶v ]Wn-sb-Sp-¸n-¨-Xns\ ASn-a¯w F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xn sXän-Ã. ] t£, FÃm kwLÀj§Ä¡pw Bcw`w Cu {]{In-bb - psS `mK-ambn cq]w-sIm| kzIm-cy-kz¯v am{X-amWv F¶ F¯n-t¨-c-emWv bYmÀ°-¯n a\pjyNcn-{Xs¯ -a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ ]n¡m-e¯v XS-Ê-ambn XoÀ¶-Xv. kzIm-cy-kz¯v ap³]v \mw I| {]-tZ-i-t_m-[-sa¶ AXnÀ¯n t_m[s¯ IqSp-X iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw kPo-ha - m-¡p-IbpamWv sNbvXXv. a\p-jy³ aäp Pohn-I-sf-t¸m-se-bà F¶pw hfsc "khntij'amb Pohn-bm-sW¶pw ]d-bp-¶Xphgn Bßo-b-X¯z-Nn-´IÀ¡p kam-\-ambn ImdÂamÀIvkv bmYmÀ°yw ImWm-sX-t]mhp-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. \mw, a\p-jyÀ aäv kwL-Po-hn-I-fnÂ\n¶v "hntÑZw'h¶ Hcp Iq«-am-sW¶v hfsc ]Wn-s¸«v At±lw kaÀ°n¡p-¶p-|v. ]t£ Cu kaÀ°-\-¯m adªpt]mbXv a\p-jy215

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216

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

s\¶ Pohn-bpsS bYmÀ° thcp-I-fm-Wv. \mw arK-aà F¶v Bßo bhmZn-Ifpw ImdÂamÀIvkpw Hcp-t]mse {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p. aXw D|m-¡n-bXv a\p-jys\ \¶m-¡m-\m-sW-¦nepw F{X D]-tZ-in¨mepw a\p-jy-scm-cn-¡epw "\¶m-InÃ' F¶p a\-Ên-em¡n, AhÀ F§-s\-sb-¦nepw \¶m-bm aXn F¶ B{K-l-Nn´ ]peÀ¯n, "aX-ta-Xm-bmepw a\p-jy³ \¶m-bm aXn' F¶p Icªp]dª Bßo-b-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Xe-¯n¯-s¶-bmWv, \mw Pohn-I-fn \n¶v hntÑZw{]m]n¨ Hcp "khnti-j-¡q«w' F¶ amÀIvknÌp \ne-]m-Sv. CXp-sIm|v tkmjy-enÌp \nÀ½m-W -{]-{In-b-bn-teÀs¸« FÃm cmPy-§-fnepw Cu kpµ-c-k-¦-e] v -\-¯n F¯n-t¨-cm³ aSn-¡p¶ P\-¡q-«-s¯-bmWv Iayq-Wn-Ìp-]mÀ«nIÄ A`nap-Jo-I-cn-¨-Xv. "kÀÆ-cm-Py-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ', "djy³ sXmgn-em-fnbpw ssN\okv sXmgn-em-fnbpw Ata-cn-¡³ sXmgn-em-fnbpw C´y³ sXmgn-em-fnbpw Hs¡-bmbn XpS-cp¶ ØnXnI|v Iayq-Wn-kväp ]mÀ«n-IÄ aq¡¯v hncÂh¨v \n¶pt]mbn-«p-|v. ]|v a\p-jysc ]m]n-Ifmbpw km¯m\v hiw-hZ- c - mbpw Ahn-izm-kn-If - mbpwI|v Ahsc ip²o-I-cn¨v Xncn-sI- sIm-|p-h-cmt\m AsÃ-¦n XoÀ¯pw \nÀ ½mÀÖ\w sN¿mt\m {ian¨ {InkvXy³, apl-½-Zob aX-hn-izm-k§Ä¡p Xpey-ambn Ìmen-sâbpw amthm-bp-sSbpw Ime¯v [mcmfw P\-ka - q-l§ - s - fbpw hyàn-Is - fbpw "ip²o-Ic - n-¡m'-\mbn \mSp-I -S-¯p-Itbm XS-hn-en-Sp-Itbm shSn-sh-¨p-sIm-Ãp-Itbm sNbvXn-«p|v. Ab-e¯ - p-Im-cs\ kvt\ln-¡m³ t]mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hnsâ A\p-bm-bn-If - psS Ipcn-ip-bp-²§ - Ä¡pw aX-t{Zm-lh - n-Nm-cW - I - Ä ¡pw kmtlm-ZcywsIm|v Ccn-¡-s¸m-dp-Xn-bn-Ãm¯ apl-½-Znsâ A\p-bm-bn-IÄ \S-¯nb Pnlm-Zp-IÄ¡pw Xpey-ambn a\p-jy-¡pcp-Xn-IÄ \S-¯m³ Iayq-Wn-Ìp-Isf t{]cn-¸n-¨-Xv kzIm-cy-kz¯ns\ ASn-Øm-\s - ¸-Sp¯n cq]-s¸« "{lkz'Imew-sIm|v "^yqU apX-em-fn¯ aqey-§fm'bn a\p-jy-cpsS Cu AXncpt_m-[¯ - nsâ FÃm kv^pc-W-§-tfbpw AhÀ I|-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. ap³]v cq]-s¸« kzXz-t_m-[-§-sfm¶pwXs¶ \ap¡v \jvS-amIp-¶nÃ; Ah ]¯n Xmgv¯n InS-¡p-¶t- X-bpÅq. Cu ImgvNb - psS A`m-h-¯m-emWv "cma-cmPyw' D|m-¡m³ Cd-§n-¸p-d-s¸-«-hcpw "`qan-bn kzÀ¤w' XoÀ¡m³ {ian-¨h - c - p-saÃmw IqSp-X IqSp-X a\p-jy-t{Z-ml-I-c-amb {]hr¯n-IÄ "\•'bv¡pw "kXy-'¯n\pw "ka-Xz'¯n\pwth|n sN¿m³ \nÀ_-Ôn-Xc - m-bX - v. CtX ImcWw sIm|p-Xs - ¶-bmWv ka-Xz-kp-µc - t - emI \nÀ½m-W¯ - n GÀs¸« Iayq-Wn-Ìp-I-fpsS ap¶n h¶ FÃm {]Xn-tj-[-§-tfbpw sNdp¯n-\n-e] v p-I-tfbpw ^yqUÂ, s]än-_qÀjzm, _qÀjzm apX-em217

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fn¯aqey-§-fpsS {]Xn-kv^p-c-W-§-fmbpw km{am-Py¯ apX-emfn¯ Ip¯n-¯n-cp-¸p-I-fmbpw I|v Ahsb \nÀ½mÀÖ\w sN¿m³ AhÀ Cd-§n-¸p-d-s¸-«-Xv. IqSmsX kmaq-ln-I-hn-I-k\w L«w-L«- a - mbn kw`-hn-¡p-¶X - m-sW¶v hniz-kn-¡p-¶X - p-hgn tkmjyen-Ìp-\nÀ½m-W-{]-{In-b-bn Htckabw tKm{X-hÀ¤-kw-kvImcw sXm«v B[p-\nI \K-ck - w-kI v mcwhsc DÄs¡m-|v sI«p-]n-Wªp InS-¶n-cp¶ kaq-l§ - sf "\ho-Ic - n-¡m³' kam-\] - ² - X - n-IÄ BhnjvI-cn-¡pI-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. hfsc kmh-[m\w \S-¶n-cp¶ hyXykvX kaq-l§ - f - psS BKncW-{]-{In-bI - sf Nne {]tXyI ]²-Xn-If - psS \S-¯n-¸m s]s«¶p Xs¶ amän-sb-Sp-¡m³ Ignbpsa¶pw AhÀ hniz-kn-¨n-cp-¶p. kXy¯nÂ, kz¯v cq]-s¸-«p-h-cp-¶ AsÃ-¦n Irjn-bn-te¡p h¶psIm-|n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp P\-X-bnÂ\n¶pw B kz¯v th| Ft¶m FÃmw "s]mXp'hmbn sNt¿-|-Xm-sWt¶m ]d-ªm AhÀ¡v AXv {Kln-¡mt\m kl-I-cn-¡mt\m Ign-bmsX hcpw. BZn-hm-knIÄ Irjn- ` q- a n- ¡ mbn kacw sN¿p¶ tIc- f - ¯ n s]s«¶v tkmjy-en-Ìp- hy-hØnXn sIm|p-h-cm³ {ian-¨m BZn-hm-knIÄ¡v C§-s\-bm-bn-cn¡pw Imcyw a\-Ên-emIpI; ""\½Ä `qan Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ AhÀ al-Zv hN\w ]dbpw'' Ft¶m, Asæn ""tImc\v F¶pw Iªn Ip¼n-fn¯s¶'' Ft¶m Bbncn¡pw. X§Ä¡p AÀl-ambn e`n-t¡| \oXn-bpsS \n-tj-[amtb AhÀ¡-t¸mÄ tkmjy-enÌp \nÀ½m-W{- ]-{In-bsb ImWm³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq.

CXn\p kam-\-ambn ImWm³ Ign-bp¶ asämcp Imcyw-IqSn kqNn-¸n-¨m CXp IqSp-X hyà-am-Ipw. PmXn-sIm|v FÃm kuI-cyhpw e`n-¨n-cp¶ DbÀ¶ hn`m-K-¯n-\n-S-bn PmXn \nÀ ½mÀÖ-\¯ - n-\mbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶X - p-t]mse, PmXn-sIm|v ZpxJa-\p-`-hn-¨n-cp-¶-h-cp-sS-bn-S-bn PmXn-\nÀ½mÀÖ-\-¯n\p {]hÀ ¯n-¨m A\p-`hw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-In-Ã. ka-•m-cmb ]uc-•m-cpsS Hcp-ab - mb \ho-\] - u-ck - a - q-l¯ - nse CS-§Ä¡pth|n-bpÅ aÕc-¯n "Xpey-]-¦m-fn¯'t¯msS t]mcm-Sm-\pÅ Ignhv PmXnsIm|v ZpxJ-a-\p-`-hn-¨-hÀ¡v Ign-bmsXh¶p F¶ bmYmÀ°yw ka-Xz-kp-µ-c-amb temI-\nÀ½m-W-¯nse BZys¯ IÃp-I-Sn-bmbn-¯oÀ¶p. CXp a\-Ên-em-¡n-bmWv kwh-cWw F¶ kmaq-lnI\ho-I-cW]²Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-t¡-|n-h-¶-Xv. ]t£, C¶v PmXn \ne-\nÀ¯m-\pÅ Hcp D]m-[n-bmbn DbÀ¶ hn`m-K-§Ä kwh-c-Ws¯ ImWp-t¼mÄ \oXn e`n-¡p-hm-\pÅ Gähpw \à D]m-[n-bm-bmWv PmXn-sIm|v kaq-l¯ - nsâ Xmsg] Sn-bn \n¡p¶ hn`m-K-§Ä A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. A§s\ hyXy218

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

kvXa - mb Bh-iy-§f - p-ambn hyXy-kX v a - mb hnImk \ne-hm-c§ - f - n Ign-ªn-cp-¶-hsc, hnhn[ {]tZ-i-§-fn hnhn[ hn`m-K-§-fmbn Ign-ªn-cp-¶h - sc, Hä-bS - n¡v "hn¹-h] - n-tä¶v' tkmjy-enÌv ]uc-•mcmbn I|v Htc-t]mse kz´w Ign-hp-IÄ sXfn-bn-¨v kmaq-lnI CS-§f - n Øm\-ap-d¸ - n-¡m³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p-Ib - m-bn-cp¶p tkmjyenÌp \nÀ½mW {]{In-bb - n-te¡v FSp-¯p-Nm-Snb cmPy-§f - nseÃmw Xs¶. At¸m-gmWv, DbÀ¶p-h¶ {]Xn-tj-[-§-sfbpw A`n-{]m-bhy-Xym-k§ - s - fbpw sNdp-¯p-\n-e] v p-Is - fbpw tXmev]n¨v apt¶-dm³ ISp¯ \nb-a\ - S - ] - S - n-Ifpw Imcm-Kr-l§ - fpw ITn-\X - S - h - n\pw ip²oI-c-W-¯n\pw hn[n-¡-s¸-«-hÀ¡v InS-¡m-\pÅ "Kpem-Kp-'Ifpw Bh-iy-ambn h¶-Xv. Pohn-t_m-[-¯n A[n-jvTn-X-amb AXnÀ¯n-t_m-[-¯nsâ ka-Im-en-I- {]I-S-\-am-bn-«mWv kzIm-cy-kz¯v bYmÀ°-¯n \ne-sIm-Åp-¶X - .v amÀIvkv ]d-bp¶ kzIm-cy-kz-¯nsâ BhnÀ`mhw icn-bm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mįs¶ Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤w F¶ \ne-bn a\pjy\v AXn-t\mSp tXm¶p¶ "aaX' Cu ]dª AXn-cp-t_m[w Xs¶-bm-Wv. XtâXv F¶p tXm¶p-¶-hsb khn-ti-j-amb aa-Xm]qÀÆw kwc-£n-¡m-\pÅ hy{KX Pohn-t_m-[¯ - n-e[ - n-jvTn-Xa - m-Wv. AXp a\p-jyÀ¡p am{Xw khn-ti-j-ambn kw`-hn-¡p-¶-X-söpw ap³]p \mw I|p-I-gn-ª-p. ]t£, C¡mcyw a\-Ên-em-¡msX kzIm-cy-kz¯v ASn-a¯ - ¯ - n\ptijw a\p-jy-ka - q-l¯ - n BhnÀ `-hn¨ Hcp {]Xn-`mkw am{X-ambn ImWp-¶-Xp-hgn AXv \nÀ½mÀ Ö\w sNbvXv s]mXp-kz-¯mbn {]Jym-]n-¨m "kzIm-cy-kz¯p sIm|p-|mb FÃm {]iv\-§fpw ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ Ignbpw F¶v amÀIvkv hn`m-h\w sNbvXp. Cu ImgvN-bmWv kzIm-cy-kz-¯p-¡-sfÃmw tZiobapXtem kmaq-ln-I-ap-Xtem Bbn tkmjy-enÌp hyh-Øn-Xn-bpsS Iogn {]Jym- ] n- ¡ m³ CS- b m- ¡ n- b - X v . kzIm- c y- k z- ¯ p- s Im|pam{Xw D|mb Hcp ka-Im-eo-\{- ]-iv\s - a-¶\ - n-eb - v¡mWv a\p-jyÀ¡v- "XtâXm-¡Ww' F¶pÅ B{Klw D|m-b-sX¶p Icp-Xn, {]mIr-X-I-ayqWn-k-¯n Ds|¶p amÀIvkv Icp-Xnb kzIm-cy-kz-¯n-t\m-SpÅ aa-Xb - n-Ãm-bvab - n-te-¡v, AsÃ-¦n s]mXp-kz-¯n-t\m-SpÅ aa-Xb - nte¡v a\p-jysc XncnsIsIm|p-t]m-Im³ {ian-¨-Xv. C§s\ FÃmw s]mXp-ap-X-embn {]Jym-]n-¨-tXmsS "Xtâ-Xm-¡m³' H¶pw km[y-aà F¶ ]pXnb {]iv\-¯n-te¡mWv bYmÀ°-¯n a\pjy-sc-¯n-t¨À¶-Xv. CXv Ahsâ Pohn-t_m-[-amb AXn-cp-t_m-[ -¯n\v hncp-²-amb H¶m-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ^ew, Ncn-{X-¯nem-Zy-ambn BÀ¡pw D¯-ch - m-Zn-Xzan-Ãm¯ BÀ¡pw aa-Xb - n-Ãm¯ "kz¯v' D|m-hp-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. tZi-kmXvI-cn-¨, AsÃ-¦n 219

a\pjycdnbm³

s]mXp-ap-X-embn {]Jym-]n¨, AsÃ-¦n kÀ¡m-cp-S-a-Ø-X-bn-ep|m-Ip¶ Hcp ^mIvSd - n-tbm, Øm]-\t- am, Irjn-bn-Stam F´p-ambn s¡mÅs« Ah-sbm-¶n-t\mSpw BÀ¡pw Hcp aa-X-bp-ap-|m-Inà F¶ ]p¯³ {]iv\-¯n-emWv tkmjy-en-k-¯n-\p-th|n {]hÀ ¯n¨ cmPy-§fpw {]hÀ¯-Icpw F¯n-t¨À¶-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v \½psS \m«nse kÀ¡mÀ _Êp-IÄ FSp¡pI. sI.-F-kv.-BÀ.-Sn.-kn. _kp-I-fn-en-cn-¡p¶ bm{X-¡mÀt¡m, AXn tPmen sN¿p-¶ sXmgn-em-fn-IÄt¡m, AXnsâ \S-¯n-¸pIm-cmb DtZym-K-ØÀt¡m H¶pw AXn-t\m-sSmcp aa-X-bp-an-Ã. B _Êp-IÄ Bcp-tS-Xm-sW¶p tNmZn-¨m "FÃm-hc - p-tS-XpamsW'¶v ]d-bp-sa-¦nepw Bcpw AXnsâ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzsa-Sp-¡n-Ã. AXn\m ka-cw-sN-¿p-¶h - À h¶v Ah ASn-¨p-s]m-fn-¡p-t¼mgpw I¯n¡p-t¼mgpw sXmgn-em-fn-IÄsXm«v bm{X-¡mÀhsc FÃm-hcpw \nÊwK-cmb ImgvN-¡m-cmbn amdpw. "\½p-tSXm'sW¦n \mw B AXn{Iaw sNdp-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿p-am-bn-cp-¶p. shÅ-s¸m-¡-am-bmepw `qan-Ip-ep-¡-am-bmepw ]S-tbm-«-am-bmepw \½p-tS-Xm-sW-¦n FSp¡m-hp-¶-hsb-Sp¯v HmSp-¶-Xp-Im-Wmw. "s]mXp-kz¯n't\mSp ImWp¶ "\nÊw-KX' GXm-bmepw AhnsS Hcn-¡epw ImWm-dn-Ã.

Pohn-hÀ¤-¯nse Hcw-Ks - a¶ \ne-bn X\n¡p hyàn-]c - a - mbn th| AwKo-Imcw e`n-¡msX, Xtâ-Xm-¡W - s - a¶ aa-Xbv¡v CShpw e`n-¡msX, DuÀÖ-kz-eX \jvS-s¸« a\p-jy-¡q-«-§sf tkmjyen-k-¯n³ Iogn DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¨p. AXn\p ]cn-lmcw F¶ \ne-bnemWv \nÀ_-Ô] - qÀÆ-amb "Izm«m-knÌw' D|m-¡n-bX - v. Ipd-ªXv C{X iX-am-\-sa-¦nepw D|m-¡ntb ]äq F¶ \nÀ_-ÔnX \nb-as¯-bmWv Izm«m-knÌw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. CXv \mSp-hm-gn -k-{¼-Zmb-¯nsâ X\n-¸-IÀ¸m-sW¶pw \mw ImW-Ww. shÅ-s¸m-¡-ap|m-bmepw CsÃ-¦nepw hdp-Xn-bp-|m-bmepw CsÃ-¦nepw tcmK-]o U - bp-|m-bmepw CsÃ-¦nepw tÌ-än\p (cmPm-hn\v) Int«-|Xv In«ntb Xocq. ta¸-dª aa-X-bn-Ãm-bva-bpsS ]p¯³ ]cn-lmcw F¶ \ne-bn-emWv \½psS sI.-Fk - v.B - À.-Sn.kn t]mse-bpÅ Øm]-\§ -fnse "IfIvj³ _mä' F¶ Dt¯-P\ Hä-aqen {]Jym-]n-¡-s¸-«-Xv. amÀIvknkwsIm|v D|mb Xe-Xn-cnª a\-Ên-em-¡Â ImcWw Xpd¶ Hcp hyh-kmb Øm]-\hpw AsX{XI|v \jvS-ap-|m-¡nbmepw C¶v ]q«m³ Ign-bnÃm F¶- ØnXnbm-W.v Fs´-¦nepw D|m¡m-\m-bn-«mWv Hcp ^mIvädn Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£, amÀIvkn-ÌpIsf kw_-Ôn-¨n-St- ¯mfw AXv sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ¡v thX\w ]äp¶ CS-am-Wv. AXn-\m FÃm km¼-¯nI \nb-a-§fpw sXän¨v AXv \ne-\nÀ¯m³ AXnsâ ap³ssI-bn-ep-|m-Ip¶ `c-W-IqSw {ian¨p-sIm-t|-bn-cn-¡pw. C§s\ D|m-¡p¶ \jvSw s]mXp-J-P-\m 220

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

-hns\ apSn-¡p-I-Xs¶ sNbvXp. C¶v ]Ån-¡qS-§Ä Ip«n-I-fpsS ]T-\b - n-Sa - à - , adn¨v A²y-m]-Ic - psS sXmgn-en-Sa - m-Wv. Bip-]{- Xn-IÄ tcmKn-IÄ¡m-bn-«Ã, adn¨v tUmIvS-d-•mÀ¡v ]Wn-\ÂIp¶ Øm]\-am-Wv. sXmgn-em-fn-hÀ¤ kwc-£Ww FÃm km¼-¯n-I-im-kv{X§-sfbpw XInSw adn¨ncn-¡p-¶p. hnc-en-se-®m-hp¶ Ipsd sXmgnem-fn-IÄs¡m-gn¨v aämÀ¡pw D]-tbm-K-an-Ãm¯ shÅm-\-Øm-]\-§f - psS F®w hÀ²n-¸n-¡p¶ {]Xy-bi - mkv{Xw am{X-amWv amÀIv kn-kw. ISw Ib-dnb Øm]-\-§Ä AS-¨p-]q-«p-I-Xs¶ thWw, sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ¡v AÀln-¡p¶ \jvS-]-cn-lmcw hm§n¨p \ÂIpI-bmWv sXmgn-em-fn-hÀ¤-kw-LS- \ - I - Ä sNt¿-|X - v. AÃmsX, A\´-ambn \jvS-¯n-tem-Sp¶ Øm]-\-§Ä s]mXp-P-\-sN-e-hn A\n-Ýn-X-ambn HmSn-¡pI F¶-X-Ã. Øm]-\-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡pt¼mÄ Cf¡n {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ IpSpw-_-§-sf-¸-änbpw IpSpw_-_-Ô-§-sf-¸-änbpw Bcpw C{X-I|v thh-em-Xn-s¸-Sm-dn-Ã-tÃm.

ISp¯ thh-emXnIsfm-gn-hm-¡m-\mWv \mw \jvS-]-cn-lmcw F¶ k{¼-Zmbw GÀs¸-Sp-¯n-bX - ,v AXv hyh-km-bØ - m-]\w Bcw-`n¡pt¼m-gm-bmepw AS¨p]q«pt¼m-gm-bmepw.

C\n, Cu hnaÀi-\-§-sf-¡m-sfÃmw D]-cn-bmb ià-amb Hcp kz`m-hnI hnaÀi\w tkmjy-enÌv cmPy-§Äs¡-Xnsc km[m-c-WP-\-§Ä DbÀ¯n-bn-«p-|v. AXmbXv, B cmPy-§Ä H¶pwXs¶ Ah-cpsS A¶w Is|-¯m-\pÅ, PohnXw sI«n-¸-Sp-¡m-\pÅ kzm`m-hnI Xnc-sªSp¸mbn Hcn-¡epw I|n-cp-¶n-Ã. tkmhn-bäv bqWn-b\n-te¡v HmSnt¸m-Im³ Bcpw {ian-¡p¶-Xmbn I|n cp¶n-Ã; "Iyq_m-ap-Ip-µs - \-'t]m-se-bpÅ Nne Iayq-WnÌv "kz]v\P - ohn'Isfmgn¨v....

F¶n«pw AbmÄ F¯n-t¨À¶Xv KÄ^nse tKm{X-þa - p-Xe - m-fn-¯- k-aq-l¯ - nepw! {]N-cn-¸n-¡¸ - «- c - o-Xn-bn tkmjyen-Ìvk-aqlw GXp Ime-s¯-¦nepw Pohn-Xku`mKy§-fpÅ cmPy§-fm-bn-cp-s¶-¦n IÅ-I-¸-ep-tI-dnbpw I|-bn-\Àtem-dn-I-fn acn¨pw GXp-hn-[-sa¦nepw km[m-c-W-P-\-§Ä AhnsS F¯nt¨Àt¶-s\. Ata-cn-¡-bnse IjvS-s¸-Sp¶ ]«n-Wn-¡m-cmb km[mc-W-P-\-§Ä C¶p-hsc Iyq_-bn-te¡v HmSn t]mIp-¶Xpw \mw I|n-«n-Ã. ]t£, Cu ka-Xz-kp-µ-c-cm-Py-§-fnse P\-§-fm-Is« Xcw-In-«n-bm HmSnc£-s¸-Spw; AXpw "Ak-a-Xz Akp-µ-c -{]-Xnk-Ô n-]q-c n-X-' ap-X - em- fn- ¯- cm- P y- § - fnte¡v . Cu sImSpw-NXn t\cn-Sm³ "s_Àen³ aXn-ep-'I-fp-bÀ¯pItbm shSn-sh¨psIm-ÃpItbm am{Xta ]mhw Iayq-Wn-Ìp-IÄ¡v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶pÅq; "hnh-c-an-Ãm¯' P\-§sf \¶m-¡m³ asä´m-sWm-cp- t]mw-h-gn! an¨-aqeyw F§s\ D|m-Ip¶p F¶ amÀIvknsâ Is|-¯Â At±- l - ¯ nsâ al- ¯ mb kw`m- h - \ - b mbn Icp- X - s ¸- S p- ¶ p.

221

a\pjycdnbm³

F¶mÂ, GXp "apX-emfn'bpw F{X I|v sXmgn-em-fn-Isf kwLSn-¸n¨v A²zm-\n-¸n-¨mepw \mw C¶v ImWp¶ coXn-bn-epÅ kz¯pXv]m-Z\w Hcm-bncw hÀjw ap³]v km²y-a-Ã. Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v "sXmgn-emfn'Isf kwL-Sn-¸n¨v CuPn-]ä v nse ^dthm F¶ "apX-emfn' ]¯n-cp-]Xp hÀjw A²zm-\n-¸n¨p-|m-¡n-bX - mWv D]-tbm-Ki - q-\y a - mb ]nc-an-Up-IÄ. C¯cw D]-tbm-Ki - q-\y-amb DXv]¶ - §Ä am{Xta apX-em-fnbpw sXmgn-em-fnbpw tNÀ¶v Hs¯m-cp-at - bmsS `qan-tbmSv aÃn-«m D|m-¡m³ Ign-bq. Chn-sS-bmWv imkv{X-Úm\-¯nsâbpw kmt¦-XnI hnZy-If - p-sSbpw D]-Ic - W - § - f - p-sSbpw {]kàn \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶X - v. Cu c|v LS-I§ - f - p-sSbpw {Iam-\p-KX - a - mb hfÀ¨-bpsS hnIm-ka - mWv bYmÀ°-¯n C¶p ImWp¶ Xc-¯nepÅ kz¯p-X] v m-Z-\-¯n\p Imc-Ww. AXn-\m an¨-aq-ey-sa¶ {]Xn-`mkw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS A²zm-\-¯nsâ am{Xw ]cn-W-X-^e-aà - . adn¨v, kwLm-SI - X - zw, A²zm-\w, kmt¦-Xn-Ih - n-Zy, kmt¦-XnI D]-I-c-Ww, aqe-[\w F¶n-h-bpsS Iq«mb {]hÀ¯-\-¯n-eqsS ssIh- c p¶ H¶mWv kz¯v . AÃmsX temI¯p ImWp¶ kzs¯Ãmw sXmgn-em-fn-If - psS A²z-m\-^e - a - mbn am{X-ap-|m-bX - msW¶ amÀIvknÌv s\K-fn¸v anX-amb `mj-bn ]d-ªm ip²a|-¯c-am-Wv. B[p-\nI kmt¦-XnIhnZy-bp-sSbpw AXp-hgn D|mb b{´§-fp-sSbpw ^e-ambn "sXmgn-emfn'IfpsS A²zm-\¯nsâ ]¦v C¶v bYmÀ°-¯n kz¯p-e] v m-Z-\-¯n Ipd-bp-Ibm-Wp-|m-bn-«p-Å-Xv. imkv{X-¯nsâ hfÀ¨ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p¶ BÀ¡pw hcpwIme-§-fn FÃm A²zm-\hpw b{´§Ähgn km²y-am-Ip-sa¶v ImWm-\m-Ipw. amä-¯nsâ "Nme-I-iàn'bmb sXmgn-em-fn-hÀ¤w hwi-\miw h¶v A{]-Xy£-am-Ip¶ Hcp hÀ¤w am{X-am-Wv. C¡m-c-W-¯m-em-Wv, b{´h-XvI-c-Ws¯ C{X-I|v amÀIvkn-Ìp-IÄ FXnÀ¡p-¶-Xv. X§-fpsS kn²m-´-§Ä icnbmbn XpS-c-W-sa-¦n ImdÂamÀIvknsâ Ime-L«w `qan-bn XpS-tc-|Xv AhÀ¡v AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. aX-§Ä imkv{Xobamb Adn-hpIsf F§-s\-bmWv FXnÀ¡p¶Xv AtX coXnXs¶-bmWv B[p-\nI amÀIvknÌv "`uXn-Ia - X - 'hpw A\p-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶X - v. Fhn-sS-¦nepw kz¯p-|m-bm Ah-sbÃmw Bsctbm NqjWw sNbv X v D|m- ¡ n- b - X m- s W¶ coXn- b nÂ, amÀIvknks¯ FXnÀ¡p-¶-h-cpÄs¸sS, FÃm-hscbpw hniz-kn¸n¡m³ Cu Bi-b-{]-N-c-Ww-sIm|v km[n-¨n-«p-|v. A¡m-cW - ¯m kz¯p-|m-¡n-bh - À FÃmw sXäp-Im-cm-sW¶p tXm¶p¶ Xc-¯n "[mÀ½n-Ia - mb' Hu²Xyt¯msS amÀIvkn-Ìp-IÄ s]cpam-dp-¶Xp ImWmw. kz¯p-X] v m-Zn-¸n-¡p-I, hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI ChsbÃmw "Xe-bn ap|n«v' sNt¿| {]hr¯n-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p222

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

I-bm-W.v F{X IjvSa - m-Wn-sX-Ãmw! kz¯v hÀ²n-¡p-t¼mÄ AsXÃmw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS A²zm-\hpw ISw-tIdn ^mIvädn XIÀ¶m AXv apX-em-fn-bpsS "]nSn-¸p-tISpw'. kÀ¡mÀ DS-aØ - X - b - n HmSp¶ Hmtcm ^mIväd - n-Ifpw Øm]-\§ - fpw kwLm-S\ - ¯ - n-sâbpw kmt¦Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw aqe-[-\-¯n-sâbpw bYmÀ° ]¦v \s½ \nc´cw t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ Ime-L-«-¯n-emWv \msaÃmw Pohn-¡p¶-Xv. kÀ¡m-cp-S-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ "shÅm\' Øm]-\-§Ä Xe§pw hne§pw InS¶v \«w Xncn-bp-t¼mgpw Cu sXmgn-emfn hÀ¤w AXnseÃmw ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡msX i¼fw ]äp-t¼mgpw an¨-aq-ey-kn-²m´w Fgp¶Ån¡m³ bmsXmcp aSnbpw C¶pw amÀIvkn-Ìp-IÄ¡n-Ã.

Hcp apX-em-fnbpw \qdp sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw tNÀ¶v A³]Xv hÀjw ]Wn-Xmepw lnam-e-b-km-\p-¡-fn Hcp sX§p-t]mepw apf-¸n-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. Ft´, sXmgn-em-fn-If - psS "al¯c-amb' A²zm\-¯n\v tX§-sb¶ DXv]¶s¯ D|m-¡m³ Ign-bmsX h¶-Xv? sXmgnemfnIsf "NqjWw' sNbvXv apX-em-fn¡v ]W-¡m-c\ - m-Im³ Ign-bmsX h¶-Xv? Chn-sS-bm-Wv sXs§¶ Pohn-bpsS khn-tij Adn-hmb P\n-XIhpw lnam-e-b-km-\p-¡-fnse Imem-hØbpw ]cm-KWw \S-¯m-\pÅ jSv]Z- § - fpsS Ignhpw tX§-sb¶ D¸-¶ krjvSn¡v F{X \nÀ®m-b-I-am-Wv F¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xv. AÃmsX apXemfnbpw sXmgn-em-fnbpw X½n-epÅ Hcn-S-]mSv am{Xaà tX§-sb¶ D¸-¶-¯n\v \nZm-\-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Pohn-X¯nsâ ka-{K-ta-Je - Isf¸än-bpÅ Adn-hn-Ãmbva Xpfp¼n \nd-ªpXq-Ip¶ Hcp IpS-amWv amÀIvkn-kw. C{X-t¯mfw \yq\o-I-cn¨pw a\p-jy-tI-{µo-I-cn¨pw Pohn-Xs¯ Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ asämcp kn²m´hpw amÀIvkn-k-s¯-t¸mse a\p-jy-N-cn-{X-¯n D|m-bn-«n-Ã.

Cu Xpfp-¼n-¯q-hp¶ Adn-hn-Ãm-bva- F{X-t¯mfw A{I-a-amWv krjvSn-¨-Xv, C¶pw krjvSn-¨p-sIm-|n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. F{X-t¯mfw ]I-bmWv kaq-l¯ - n hnX-¨psIm|ncn-¡p-¶X - .v kvt\l-Zq-Xc - mbn Ah-X-cn¨v Ipcn-ip-bp-²-§Ä \S-¯p¶, kmtlm-Z-cy-Ko-X-§Ä ]mSn Xe-b-d¡p¶ aX-§-fpsS Øm\w-X-s¶bmWv Xpey-Xm-Km\w ]mSn hÀ¤-i-{Xp-¡sf hI-hcp¯p¶ amÀIvknÌv aX¯n\p-ÅXv. imkv{Xhn-cp-²a - mWv aäp aX-§s - f¶v {]N-cn-¸n-¡m³ amÀIvknÌv _lp-P-\-kw-L-S-\-I-sfÃmw F¶pw Ifn-¡p¶ Hcp \mS-I-amWv Keo-en-tbm-bpsS IY. ]t£, Ìmensâ Ime¯v Poh³ \jvS-s¸-«, Xpd-¦e - n-eS - b - v¡s - ¸«, Kpem-Kp-Ifn injvSI - mew Pohn¡m³ hn[n¡-s¸-«, cmbv¡pcmam\w HmSn c£-s¸« imkv{X-Ú-cpsS IWs¡-Sp-¯m \mw sR«n-t¸m-hp-IX - s¶ sN¿pw. amÀIvknÌv {]Xyb-im-kv{X-¯n-\\ - p-kr-Xa - mbn X§Ä Is|¯nb imkv{X-hk - vXpX-IÄ hf-s¨m-Sn-¡m\pw AsÃ-¦n aqSn-hb - ¡ v m\pw imkv{X-ÚÀ 223

a\pjycdnbm³

hfsc A[nIw \nÀº-Ôn-¡s¸«n-«p-|v. imkv{X-ÚÀ am{X-aà Ihn-IÄ, IemIm-c• - mÀ, kmln-Xy-Im-c• - mÀ, kzX-t{´-Ñp-¡Ä FÃmw Imcm-Kr-l-§-fpsS Agn-I-sf®n PohnXw Ah-km-\n-¸n-t¡|n h¶n-«p-|v. amÀIvknkw atäsXmcp aXm-[n-Imchyh-ØnXn-sb-bpw t]mse s]cp-am-dp-I-bm-Wp-|m-bn-«p-Å-Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ {]tbm-K-{]-hÀ¯-\-sa¶t]cn amthm Agn-¨p-hn« "kmwkvIm-cnI hn]vfhw' F{X-am{Xw £X-amWv ssN\okv kaq-l-¯n\v D|m-¡n-b-sX¶v ]d-ªm Xocn-Ã. amthm Hgn¨v, AXn\v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-b-hsc ]n¡m-e¯v "Aan-Xm-[n-Imc' {]tbm-K¯ - n\v sImSpw-in£ \ÂIp-Ib - p-|m-bn. ac-Wt - ijw Ipähn-Nm-c-Wbv¡v hnt[-b-\m¡n in£n-¡-s¸-Sm³ kÀÆYm tbmKy\mWv amthm. ]t£, AsXm-gn-hm-¡-s¸-«Xv I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀ«nbpsS B´-cn-Ik - zmØyw \ne-\nÀ¯m³th|n am{X-am-W.v CXnsâ hne B ]mÀ«n `mhn-bn \ÂtI|n hcp-sa¶v K±m-^n-bpsS en_nb Hcp sR«-temsS \s½ HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p¶p. hyàn-K-X-ambn Hmtcm ]uc\pw e`n-¡m³ sImXn-¡p-¶sXÃmw K±m^n \ÂIp-Ibp-|m-bn. ]t£, ka-{Km-[n-]-Xy-`-cWssien¡v sImSp-t¡-|nh¶ hne AXn-`o-aa - m-bn-cp-¶p. ssN\-bn Fs´Ãmw apt¶-ä§ - f - p -|m-bmepw Cu ka-{Km-[n-]-Xy-`-c-W-ssien B cmPy-¯n\p apIfn Xq§n \n¡p¶ sUtam-Ivfo-knsâ hmfpXs¶-bm-Wv. Ignª \qäm-|n temI-sa-¼mSpw \S¶ I½yq-Wn-kd v dv kz]v\km-£m-XvIm-c{ia-§-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-§-fmbn \ne\n¡p¶ c|v cmPy-§-fmWv Iyq_bpw ssN\-bpw. Imkvt{SmbpsS acW t¯msS \nÝ-ba - mbpw Iyq_-bpsS Zpcn-X] - ÀÆw Ahkm\n-¡p-sa¶v \ap¡v {]Xo-£n-¡mw. tkmjy-en-k¯ - nsâ t]cn \S¶ FÃm ]co£-W-§fpw P\-§-fpsS kl-I-c-W-ap-|m-bn-cp¶ CS-§-fn BZys¯ aq¨nsâ BËm-Z-{]-I-S-\-sam-gn-¨m ]ns¶Ãmw IjvSImewXs¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Hmtcm ]cm-P-b-§-fpsSbpw D¯-c-hmZnXzw "km{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâbpw apX-em-fn-Xz-¯n-sâbpw' Npa-en sI-«n-h¨v Xe-bq-cp-I-sb¶ ]²Xn BZy-Im-e-§-fn h³hnPbw sIm¿p-I-Xs¶ sNbvXp. ]t£, BZyw {IqjvtN-hn-sâbpw ]n¶oSv tKmÀº-t¨-hn-sâbpw Xpd¶p]d-¨n-ep-IÄ I½yq-WnÌv kn²m-´§-fpsS {]tbm-K-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯n C\nbpw kwi-b-an-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ km[m-cW P\-§f - psS I®p Xpd-¸n-¨p. C¶m-sc-¦nepw I®p Xpd¡msX Ds|-¦nÂ, ]Ån-Ifpw A¼-e-§fpw sIm|v Pohn-¡p¶ aX-hn-izm-kn-Is - f-t¸m-se, ]mÀ«nbpw AXnsâ Øm]-\§ - fpw \S¯n PohnXw \bn-¨p-t]m-cp¶ t\Xm-¡fpw s]´-t¡m-kvXp-I-sf-t¸mse-bpÅ Hcp ]äw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw am{X-am-Wv. AhÀ¡v "kXyw' Adntb| Bh-iy-an-Ãm-sb¶v am{XaÃ, AXv aqSn-h-bvt¡-|-Xn224

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

sâbpw hymJym-\n¨v amtä-|-Xnsâbpw AXym-h-iyw-Iq-Sn-bp-|v.

AXp-sIm|v D]-Po-h\w \S-¯p-¶-h-cm-W-hÀ. "sshcp-²ymßI `uXn-I-hmZw', "Ncn-{X-]-c-amb sshcp-²ymßIX' XpS-§nb Hma\-t¸-cp-I-fn Adnbs¸-Sp¶ "Nn´m-bp-]-Ic-W§ - Ä' amÀIvkn-k¯ - nsâ hnizm-k{- ]-am-W§ - Ä am{X-am-sW¶v a\Ênem-¡p-I. slK-ensâ "Xe-Xn-cnª' kn²m-´-¯nÂ\n¶pw "t]md-te¡msX' Ducn-sb-Sp¯ sshcp-²ym-ßIX aoätdm ASntbm t]msebpÅ a\p-jy-\nÀ½n-X-amb Hc-f-hp-tIm am{X-amsW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Ime-¯nepw tZi-¯nepw HgpIn\S-¡p¶ \yq«sâ ^nknIvkn Xe-XÃn D|m¡nb X¯z-amWXv. k\m-X\[À½n-I-fpsS amä-an-Ãm¯ kXytam {_Òtamt]mse sshcp-²ymßI-Xsb amÀIvkn-Ìp-IÄ hyh-l-cn¡p¶Xp ImWmw. ]mhw GwKÂkv, "{]Ir-Xn-bpsS sshcp-²ymßIX' hnh-cn-¡m³ hn½n«s¸-Sp-¶Xv ImWp-t¼mÄ Nncn-hcpw. F´n-\,v amthm N{µ\pw `qanbpw X½n-epÅ sshcp-²ym-ßnI _Ôw hni-Zo-Ic - n¨p hni-Zo-Ic - n¨v i¦ -csâ {_Ò-kq{XhymJym\wt]mse ImtSm lnam-e-btam Hs¡ Ib-dp-¶Xp ImWmw. F´v adp-]-Sn-bmWv CXn-s\ms¡ ]d-tb-|sX-¶d - n-bmsX \mw A´w hn«n-cp-¶p-t]m-Ipw. AdnhnÃm-bvabv¡pw tht| Hc-Xn-scms¡!

I½yq- W nÌv] mÀ«nIfpsS ]mÀ«n- t Im¬{KÊv dnt¸mÀ«p- I Ä ]Tn-¨m "amä'¯nsâ At¸m-kX v e - • - m- cpsS dnt¸mÀ«p-IÄ kI-ea - m\ amä-§-fpsS \Sp-hn amdn-b-Xmbn A`n-\-bn¨p \n¡p-¶Xp ImWmw. "amä- a n- à m¯ kXy- a mb tcJ'. apX- e m- f n- ¯ - ¯ nsâ sshcp²yw aqÀÑn-¡p-¶Xpw t\m¡n AhÀ Ignª F¬]Xv hÀj-ambn \S-¡p-Ib - m-Wv, ]s|mcp Ipdp-¡³ Imf-bpsS ]ndsI \S-¶-Xp-t]m-se. ssIh-i-ap-|m-bn-cp¶ cmPy-§Ä sXm®q-säm³ ]Xv iX- a m\hpw \jv S - a m- b n«pw C´y- b n- e p|m- b n- c p¶ FÃm tÌäpIfpw \jvS-am-bn«pw apX-em-fn¯ {]Xn-k-Ôn-sb-¡p-dn¨pw km¼-¯nI\b-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw hcm³t]m-Ip¶ `b-¦-c-§-fmb amä-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Hcp-fp-¸p-anÃmsX ]d-bm³ AhÀs¡-§s\ Ign-bp¶p? Imd amÀIvsk¶ almsâ Hcp {]h-N-\w-t]mepw kw`-hn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw Hcp kwi-bw-t]mepw DÅn-ep-W-cmsX hnizm-kn-I-fmbn XpS-cm³ ]ns¶§s\ Ign-bp¶p? AÛpXw Xs¶! amÀIvkn-k-¯nsâ s]mSn-t]mepw Ie-cmsX temI¯v \S¡p¶ GXv ka-cs - ¯bpw Nq|n-¡m-Wn¨v "AXmWv R§ ]dª hn]vfhw' F¶v hymJym-\n-¡-emWv C¶s¯ amÀIvknÌv _p²n-lo\-cpsS hoc-ky{]hÀ¯\w. apX-em-fn-¯-ssh-cp²yw aqÀÑn¡pw aqÀÑn¡pw F¶p IcpXn I®pw\«n-cn-¡p¶ amÀIvkn-Ìp-Is - f, BßÚm\w Ct¸mÄ hcpw "Zm hcp¶p' F¶v hnNm-cn¨v N´nbpw 225

a\pjycdnbm³

Xebpw ]p®m-¡p¶ "apap-£p-¡-fpsS' CS-Xp-h-i-¯n-cp-¯mw.

Htcdv Imf-I-fm-W-hÀ.

C\n, Cu c|v hn`m-K-§-sf-¡mÄ sa¨-s¸« kn²m´ hoc-•mcpt|m F¶v t\m¡n-bmÂ, "Zm, \n¡p¶p t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-ÌpIÄ'. t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IfpsS Øm\-sa-hnsS? ]|v C´y-bnÂ, i¦-csâ AssZz-X-kn-²m-´-¯nsâ ]n³Xp-SÀ¨-¡m-cmbn s]m«nap-f¨ c|v Iq«-cmWv cmam-\p-Psâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ "hninjvSm ssZzX'-¡mcpw am[zsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ "ssZzXm-ssZzX'¡mcpw.

Ch-cpsS bqtdm-]y³ ]Xn-¸p-I-fmWv t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IÄ. amÀIvknÌv ka-Xzþ\oXn-t_m-[¯ - nsâ {]tbm-K{- ]-hÀ¯-\§ - f - psS ]cm-P-b-§-fnÂ\n¶pw DuÀÖ-apÄs¡m|v "A[n-Imcw' FhnsSÃmw ad-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p F¶p Is|-¯n, NnI-sª-Sp¯v, DuXn ¡¯n-¨v Im«n-¯cp¶-h-cm-W-hÀ. i¦-c\v "{_Òw kXyw PK¯v anYy' Bbn-cp-s¶-¦n cmam-\p-P\v Cu PK¯v anYy-bÃ, AXv hnjvWp-hnsâ "Ieym-W-I-tf-_-c-'amWv; AXm-bXv icocwXs¶bm-Wv. AXp-t]m-se, ImdÂamÀIvkns\ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw "A[n-Imcw' sXmgn-em-fn-hÀ¤w `c-W-IqSw ]nSn-s¨-Sp¯v kzmb-¯am-¡n-¡-gn-ªm s]mSn-bpw-X«n Fgp-t¶äv ho«nÂt]mImhp¶ H¶mWv. ]t£, t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IÄ¡v A§-s\-b-Ã. A[nImcw AhÀ¡v XqWnepw Xpcp-¼nepw Hfn¨ncn-¡p¶ H¶m-Wv. amÀIvknÌv _m[ Ib-dn-bh - À kwL-Sn-¨v Bsf sImÃp-t¼mÄ C¯cw ZpjvS{- ]-hÀ¯-\¯ - n-sem¶pw t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IÄ GÀs¸-Sn-Ã.

Bsc-¦nepw Fhn-sS-sb¦nepw F´n-s\-Xn-sc-sb-¦nepw kwL-Sn¨m AhnsS {]Xy-£-s¸«v AXnsâ Xcm-X-c-§fpw him-h-i§fpw ]d-ªv ]-dªp Xcpw. C¯-cs - amcp klmb{]hr¯n-bn Ah-tcÀs¸«p Ign-ªm ]ns¶ {_Òmhv hnNm-cn-¨mepw AhnsS sFIy-ap-|m-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã. AhnsS kwL-Sn-¨-h-cpsS CSbn Hfn-¨n-cp¶p "{]Xn-tem-a-I-c-ambn' {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ A[n-Im-c-\n-g-ep I - sf sXm«p-WÀ¯n thXm-f§ - f - m¡n AhÀ amäpw. Xma-kn-bmsX kwL-Sn-¨-hÀ X½n-e-Sn¨p ]ncn-ªp-sImÅpw. asä-hn-sS-sb-¦nepw Bsc- ¦ nepw GsX- ¦ nepw ka- c - a m- c w- ` n- ¡ p- ¶ - X p- h sc, t]mÌv tam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IÄ ho«n t]mbn Kl-\-§-fmb ]e-]e "]mT§Ä' Ignª ka-c-s¯-¸än FgpXn \s½ DZv_p-²-cm-¡pw. Úm\`-WvUm-Im-c-§-fmWv Hmtcm t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-w. A[n-Imcw GXp-hgn F§s\ hcp-sa-¶-dn-bm-¯-Xn-\m apgp-h³ ka-bhpw CShpw hehpw t\m¡n-bn-cn-¸m-Wv AhÀ. AdnbmsX kvt\l{]-IS - \ - ¯ - n-\mbn \½-fm-sc-¦nepw tXmfn-eqsS ssIbn-«m apų ]-¶nsb sI«n-¸n-Sn¨ A\p-`-h-amWv D|m-hp-I. ap¶q-än-A-dp-]-XpUn{Kn Npä-f-hn-epÅ kzmX-{´y-t_m-[-¯m Hä-s¸-«-Xp-cp-¯p226

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

I-fm-bn-t]m-b-h-cm-W-hÀ. t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IfmhpIsb¶m kwi-b-{K-kvX-X-bpsS GIm´XS-hn\v Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h\pw hn[n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-sb-¶À°w. c|v tKmen-IÄ X½n-epÅ tNÀ¨t]m-se-bmWv t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv kv{Xo]p-cp-j-_-Ôw.... Úm\- ` - W v U m- I m- c - § - f mWv t]mÌv t am- t U- W n- Ì p- I sf¶v t\ct¯ ]d-ªp-ht- Ãm. CXn sXÃpw kwi-ba - n-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ tkm¡Â F¶ t]cpÅ Hcp `uXn-I-im-kv{X-Ú³ t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv XesXm-«¸•m-cmb Kq«m-co, sZeyq-k,v Ccn-Km-td XpS-§n-bh - c - psS Kl\§-fmb Nn´m-co-Xn-IÄ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Cd§n ]pd-s¸-«p. ]pkvXI § - Ä Hmtcm-¶mbn hmbn¨p XpS-§n....§qlpw! H«pw At§m«v icnbm-Ip-¶n-Ã. IW-¡nepw ^nkn-Ivknepw Ah-sc-gp-Xnb AXn-K-l\-§f - mb teJ-\§ - Ä hmbn¨v Hsc¯pw ]nSnbpw In«msX AbmÄ he-ªp. Ah-km\w Hcp Imcyw At§À¡v hyà-ambn. X\n-¡dn-bm-hp¶ ^nknIvtkm IWt¡m H¶p-aà Kp«m-cnbpw sZeyq-kpsaÃmw ]d-bp-¶-sX¶pw Ah-cpsS kz´w "IrXn'Ifm-W-h-sb¶pw a\-Ên-em-bn. injy-•mÀ¡pw aäv imkv{X"AÚ-cmb' _p²nPohnIÄ¡pw Kp«m-cnbpw sZeyq-kp-saÃmw "imkv{X-im-JI - f - nÂ' AKm[ ]mWvUnXyw t\Snb al-¯p-¡-fm-Wv. ]t£, Cu imkv{X-Ú³ hmbn-¨t - ¸m-gmWv Cu Aw_-cN - pw-_n-If - psS AI-¡m¼v s]mÅ-bmsW¶v a\-Ên-em-b-Xv. sZeyq-kn\pw Kp«m-cn¡pw Cdn-Km-td-bv¡psam¶pw imkv{Xadn-bn-Ãm-sb¶pw Ah-cpsS Bcm-[I - c - psS ap¶n sRfnbm³ am{Xta- A-hc - psS imkv{X-Úm\w aXn-bm-hpIbpÅqsh¶pw AbmÄ a\-Ên-em-¡n. hfsc \o| Hcp "imkv{X-hn-aÀi\teJ-\w', Ifn-bm-¡-W-sa¶ Hscmä Dt±-iy-t¯m-sS, amÀIvkn-Ìp-I-fpsS "\yq se^äv dnhyq-'hn\v Xpey-amb t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IfpsS "tkmjy sSIvÌn'\v, AhcpsS `mjm-ssi-en-bnÂ, Ah-cpsS ]cn-I-e] v -\-IÄ Ip¯n-\n-d¨v tkm¡Â Ab-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯p. Ipäw ]d-b-cp-Xv, ASp¯ amks¯ ]Xn-¸n hÅn-]pÅn hnSmsX A¨-Sn¨p h¶p. Hcp Xam-i-sb¶ \ne-bn Xm³ Fgp-Xnb teJ\w {]kn-²o-Ic - n¨phcp-sa¶v kz]v\¯nÂt]mepw Icp-Xn-bn-Ã. AXpI|v At±lw XeId§n hoWnÃm-sb-t¶-bpÅq. hÃmsX I®p-Xp-d-¸n¨p Ifª Hc-\p-`-h-am-bn c - p¶p AXv. At§m«pw Ct§m«pw a\-Ên-em-Im¯ `mj-bn FgpXn ]c-k] v cw a\-Ên-embn F¶v A`n-\-bn-¡p¶ A`n-\-b-N-{I-hÀ¯nI-fmWv t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IÄ. C§s\ Hcp teJ\w {]kn-²oIr-X-am-b-Xn-s\-Xnsc AhÀ BZy-ambn D¶-bn-¨ hnaÀi\w A¯c-samcp teJ\w "]än-¡m-\mbn' Ab-¨-Xnsâ ss\Xn-I-X-sb-¡p-dn -¨mWv. t]mtc ]qcw. ]mhw aÕy-s¯m-gn-em-fn-Isf ISÂs¡m-Å ¡m-cmbn sXän-²-cn¨v shSn-h-¨p-sIm-¶-Xn AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ 227

a\pjycdnbm³

ss\XnI {]iv\w-t]m-sem¶v! ]n¶o-S-hÀ Hcp ho|phnNm-c-¯n\p tijw ]d-ª-Xv, "teJ-\-¯n Ig-¼nÃm F¶v BZywXs¶ a\Ên-em-bn, ]mhw imkv{X-Úsâ ISn-ªq {ia-asà F¶p IcpXn t]mt«¶p hnNm-cn-¨p.' ]mhw t]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìp-IÄ! asä´p ]d-ªmepw Ah-cpsS Dt±-i-ip²nsb \mw am\n-¡-Ww....

CXn\v kam-\-amb aäp c|v kw`-h-§-fmWv A¡m-Z-an¡v taJe-bn CXn\p ap¼v D|m-bn-«p-ÅXv. H¶m-a-Xm-bn, Atacn¡³ bqWn-th-gvkn-än-I-fn \S-¶n-cp¶ ]mcm-t\mÀa ]T-\-§Äs¡Xnsc, Pbnwkv dm³Un-sb¶ aPo-jy³ \S-¯nb Xpd¶pIm«-epI-fm-Wv. Hcp aq¶phÀj tImgvkn\ptijw Ipsd ]Tn-Xm-¡Ä "bYmÀ°' AXo-{µnb Ignhp-IÄ DÅ-h-cmWv F¶v kÀ«n-^n-¡äv sImSp-¡p¶ Znhkw AhÀ FÃm-hcpw Xm³ cl-ky-ambn Ibän hn« Xsâ injy-•m-cmb Nn¶-a-Po-jy-•m-cm-sW¶v ]{X-k-t½-f\w \S¯n {]Jym-]n-¨-Xm-Wv. AtXmsS B tImgvkpw bqWn-th-gvknän-bnse B hn`m-Khpw AS-¨p-]q-«p-IX - s¶ sNbvXp. ]cn-tim-[I - À IÅ-•m-cm-b-Xp-sIm-|à Ahsc ]än-¡m³ B aPo-jy-•mÀ¡v Ign-ª-Xv. adn¨v, C¯cw ]T-\-§Ä¡pw At\z-j-W-§Ä¡pw ap³ssI FSp-¡p¶ GhÀ¡pw AXo-{µnb Úm\aps|¶v sXfnbn-¡m-\mWv bYmÀ°-¯n kq£va-amb B{K-lw. kq£va-amb Cu Nmbvhv Ah-cpsS hkvXp-\n-jT v - kao-]\ - s¯ kzm[o-\n-¡p-Ibpw AXv Is|¯n NqjWw sN¿pI am{XamWv aPo-jy-•mÀ sNbv X-Xv. asäm¶v tdmk³lm³ F¶ a\x-im-kv{X-Ú³ sskIym{Sn F¶ I]-Ss - shZyimkv{Xhn`m-K¯ - n-s\-Xnsc \S-¯nb \o¡-am-Wv. sskIym{Sn bYmÀ° sshZy-im-kv{X-¯n\v t]cp-tZm-j-ap-|m¡n imkv{Xambn A`n-\b - n-¡p¶ H¶m-Wv. CXnsâ Aimkv{Xobamb tcmK-\nÀ®-bc - oXn Xpd¶p Im«m³, AXm-bXv imkv{X-im-JI - Ä¡v DÅ hkvXp-\n-jvTX CÃm¯ Hcp hn`m-K-amWv sskIym{Sn F¶v Im-Wn-¡m³, tdmk³lm³ aq¶p kv{XoIfpw A©p ]pcp-j-•mcp-a-S-§p¶ Hcp kwLs¯ Atacn¡bnse hnhn[ kwØm-\-§fn-e pÅ ]e at\m- tcm- K- N n- I n- Õ m- e- b - § - fnte¡v Ab-¨p. Cu F«p-t]-scbpw AUvanäv sNbvXpsh¶p am{X-aà AhÀ¡v hnhn-[§-fmb tcmK-ap-s|¶v \nÀ®bw \S¯n \½psS sskIym-{Sn-ho-c•mÀ NnIn-Õbpw XpS-§n. AI-¯p-I-S-¶-Xn-\p-tijw X§Ä¡nt¸mÄ Akp-Js - am¶pw tXm¶p-¶nÃmsb¶v ]dªpt\m¡n. ]t£, Hcp c£-bp-ap-|m-bn-Ã. NnIn-Õ-IÄ apd-t]mse XpSÀ¶p. Ifn Imcy-ambn F¶v t_m²yw h¶ AhÀ¡v ]pd¯p IS-¡m³ Hcp ]gp-Xp-ap-|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Hcn-¡Â at\m-tcm-Kn-Isf¶v Cu "Aimkv{X-Ú-•mÀ' ap{Z-Ip-¯n-bm ]ns¶ \n§Äs¡m-cn-¡epw 228

Aev]w amÀIvknÌvþt]mÌvtam-tU-Wn-Ìv hnaÀi\w

kzm`m-hn-I-ambnbps|¶v \mw Icp-Xp¶ ]ucm-h-Im-itam a\pjym-hI - m-itam H¶pwXs¶ In«nÃ. aäp-Åh - À H¶p-tNÀ¶v X§Ä¡v CjvSa - n-Ãm-¯h - sc ]nSn¨psI«n Bscbpw {`m´-cm-¡p¶ coXnbn \n¶pw `n¶-ambn Aev]w-t]mepw hkvXp\njvTX sskIym-{Sn¡v CÃmsb¶v CXnÂ\n¶pw a\-Ên-em-bn. "tcmKn-'I-fn Nnesc XpSÀ¶pw acp¶p Ign-t¨mfmsa¶v k½Xw hm§n-bmWv ]pd¯p hn«-Xv. _m¡n-bp-Åh - sc Ah-km-\w, tdmk³lm³ ]{X-kt- ½-f\w \S¯n Ch-cpsS t]cphn-h-c-§Ä \ÂIn-bmWv ]pd¯p sIm|p-h-¶-Xv. IY XoÀ¶n-Ã. h³ ASn-In-«nb sskIym-{Sn-Ìp-IÄ Hcn-¡ÂIqSn Bsf A-b¨m AhÀ Is|-¯p-sa¶v shÃp-hn-fn-¨p. tdmk³lm³ k½-Xn-¨p. ]ntä-Zn-hkw Bsf Ab-¡m-sa¶v Gäp. ASp¯ Znhkw tcmKw "A`n-\-bn¨p' h¶ A³]-tXmfw t]sc sskIym-{Sn-Ìp-IÄ "Is|¯n' XSªph¨p. A¶mWv icn¡pw sskIym-{Sn-Ìp-IÄ¡v ]c-am-h[n ASn-In-«n-bXv. ImcWw tdmk³lm³ A¯-hW Bscbpw Ab-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. A¼-e§ - fpw ]Ån-Ifpwt]mse D]-tbm-Ki - q-\y-amb at\m-tcm-K-X-S-h-d-IÄ `cn¨pw \S-¯nbpw \½psS sskIym-{Sn-ÌpI-sfÃmw kkpJw i¼fw ]än hmgp-¶p. B[p-\nI \mUo-hyq-l-þkn-cm-hn-Úm-\ob AdnhpI-fpsS shfn¨-¯n ]qt«| Hcp hn`m-K-amWv sskIym-{Sn; Npcp-§nb ]£w AXn ebn-¸n-t¡-|sX-¦n-ep-am-Wv. taÂkqNn-¸n¨ c|v A]-am\Ic-amb kw`-h§ - Ä¡p Xpey-amb H¶m-bn-cp¶p tkm¡-ensâ t]mÌvtam-tU-WnÌv teJ\ {]kn-²oI-c-Ww. ASn-Øm-\-an-Ãm¯ ]pI-s¡m-«m-c-§-fmWv t]mÌvtam-tUWnÌv kn²m-´-§-sf-Ãmw. [mcmfw hn{i-a-k-a-b-ap-Å-hÀ¡v, ]|v thZm-´n-IÄ shSn ]d-ªn-cp-¶X - p-t]m-se, "Atlm,-Atlm' ]dªv Bkz-Zn-¡m³ sImÅmw. t]mÌvtam-tU-WnÌpIfpw amÀIvkn-ÌpIfpw X½n-epÅ hyXym-k-sa-´mWv? t]mÌvtam-tU-WnÌpIÄ kzbwt`mK hnZ-Kv²-cm-sW-¦nÂ, amÀIvkn-Ìp-IÄ ]qh³tIm-gn-Isf-t¸mse \s½ HmSn-¨n«v ]nSn¨v ]pd¯v Ib-dn-bn-cp¶v saXn¨v \Ã, \à ap«-IÄ \s½-s¡m|v CSot¨ AS§q F¶ coXn-bn ]Wnsb-Sp-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. X½n t`Zw t]mÌvtam-tU-WnÌpIfm-Wv. Bß-c-Xn-bpsS PpKp-]vk-am-{Xta \mw A\p-`-hn-¡p-I-bp-Åq.

B[p-\nI thZm-´n-I-fmWv t]mÌvtam-tU-WnÌpIÄ. {]]©w Hcn-¡epw a\-Ên-embn Xocn-Ãm-sb¶pw AXv \nc-´cw amdns¡m|n-cn-¡p-Ib - m-sW¶pw \½psS Af-hp-tIm-ep-IÄ FÃmw Xs¶ AXnsâ amä-s¯bpw Ah-Øs - bbpw GI-tZiw ImWn¨p Xcn-Ib - pÅqsh¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. At¸mÄ imkv{Xw F§s\-bmWv Bßo-b-Úm-\-¡m-cnÂ\n¶pw amÀIvknÌv Úm\¡mcnÂ\n¶pw t]mÌvtam-tU-WnÌv Úm\-¡m-cnÂ\n¶pw hyXy229

a\pjycdnbm³

kvXa - m-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv? Pohn-IÄ X§-fpsS Npäp-]m-Sns\ CW-¡m³ {ian-¡p-t¼mÄ AsÃ-¦n AXp-ambn CW-§m³ {ian-¡p-t¼mÄ A\p-`-h-]-c-ambn cq]-s¸-Sp¶ AdnhmWv imkv{Xw. AXv kXymt\z- j - W tam icn- s X- ä p- I sf Is|- ¯ p¶ {]{In- b tbm {]hr ¯ntbm AÃ. imkv{Xw temIs¯ a\Ên-em-¡p-t¼mÄ \½Ä¡v ]Wn-bm-bp-[-§Ä, Irjn, hyh-km-bw XpS§n \½psS Npäp-]m-SpIsf A\p-Iq-e-am-¡m-\pÅ FÃmw- e`n¡pw. BßobÚm\-amsW-¦n D]-tbm-Ki - q-\y-amb ]Ån-Ifpw A¼-e§ - fpw AÀ°-iq\y §fmb BNmc-§fpw DXv]m-Zn¸n¡s¸Spw. temIs¯¡pdn-¨pÅ sI«p-IY - I - Ä hÀ²n-¡pw. AXns\ \nKq-Vh - XvIc - n¡pw. amÀIvkn ÌvÚm\-am-sW-¦n sshcp²y§Ä aqÀÑn¨v IpSn-¸I - I - f - p-WÀ¶v hÀ¤i-{Xp-¡sf \nc-´cw D³aq-e\w sNbvXpsIm|n-cn-¡pw. BcptS-Xp-a-Ãm¯ kz¯v kzcp-¡q«n D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-Xbpw sISp-Im-cyØXbpw Agn-aX - nbpw hÀ²n-¸n-¡pw. t]mÌvtam-tU-WnÌv Úm\ amsW-¦n \nc-´c - a - mbn AXn-kq£vacl-ky-§Ä shfn-s¸-Sp¯n sFIy-s¸-«p-\n¡p-¶-hsc ]c-am-h[n X½n-e-Sn-¸n-¡pw. imkv{Xw {]tXy-In-¨mcpw Is|-¯p-¶X-Ã. AXv Pohkz`m-hamWv; kzm`m-hn -I-ambn cq]-s¸« AdnhmWv.

230

BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw Xo{h-hmZ\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw

Ak-´p-enXhnImkw temI¯v F§s\ kw`-hn-¨p-sh¶v \mw a\-Ên-em¡n Ign-ªt- Ãm. Cu Ak-´p-enXhnImkw a\p-jyÀ "hÀ¤-]c - a - mb' Nqj-Ww-sIm|v cq]-s¸-Sp¯nbXm-sW¶pw AXp amäm³ hÀ¤-§f - psS kacw aqÀÑn-¡pI-bÃmsX asämcp ]cn-lm-c-hp-an-sö amÀIvknÌp kao]-\-amWv, amÀIvknkw Hcp Nn´m-]-²-Xn-bmbn D]-tbmKn-¡m-¯h - À¡pt]mepapÅXv. ]t£, F¬]XphÀjs¯ tkmhn-bäv bqWn-bsâ A\p-`-hhpw GI-tZiw Adp-] Xntesd cmPy-§-fn ]e hn[-¯n-ep-ap-Å I½yqWnÌv A\p-`-h§fpw \ap¡v Ncn-{X-¯n D|m-bn-¡-gn-ªn«p-|.v Cu A\p-`h - § - s - fÃmwXs¶ \ap¡p Im«n-¯c - p-¶Xv Cu a\-Ên-em-¡-en henb Hcp ]ni-Ip-s|-¶m-Wv. "`c-WI - qSw' A[o-ih - À¤-¯nsâ Hcp aÀ±-t\m-]I - c - Ww am{X-am-sW¶pw AXp ]nSn-s¨-Sp¯v "\mw A[-xØnX hn`mKw', \½psS hnIm-k-¯n-\p-th|n AXv D]-tbm-Kn¡p-I-bmWp th|-sX-¶p-ap-Å kao-]\coXn ASn-Øm-\]-c-ambn amtä-|-Xm-Wv. I½yq-WnÌv {]tbmK {]hÀ¯\ §Ä \S¶ 90 iX-am-\w {]tZ-i-§fnepw C¶v I½yq-Wnk-¯nsâ "s]mSn-t]m-ep'-an-söv \mw ad-¡-cp-Xv. AXn\m "`c-W-Iq-S'-s¯ a\-Ên-em-t¡|coXn GXm-bmepw amÀIvkv ]d-ªXpt]mse-b-Ã. AXp-t]mse sNdp¯p \nev]p-IÄ thW-sa¶pw ka-c-§Ä Bh-iy-am-sW¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mgpw AXp "tXm¡n³Ip-g-en-eqsS' bmWv kw`-hn--t¡-|s - X¶ amthmhN-\hpw XÅn-¡f - t - b|-Xm-Wv. amthm-bnÌv ssN\ AXnsâ {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¨p sIm-|n-cn-¡p-¶Xv GXm-bmepw amÀIvkn-ktam se\n-\nktam F´n\v amthm-bn-ktam D]-tbm-Kn-¨Ã F¶pw \mw ImW-Ww. B[p-\nI kmt¦-XnIhnIm-k§ - f - psS hn]pe- a mb {]tbmK{]hÀ¯- \ - § - f mWv , AXpw Nqj- I À F¶p \mw hnfn-¨n-cp¶ apX-em-fn¯hn`m-K¯ - ns\ kz´w a®n-te¡p £Wn¨p hcp¯n, tImSn-¡-W-¡n\p hcp¶ 231

a\pjycdnbm³

P\-§Ä¡v Pohn-Xh - r¯n¡pth|n-bpÅ taJ-eI - Ä Hcp-¡n-s¡mSp-¯mWv B {]iv\-]-cn-lmcw \S-¯n-b-Xv. "skkv' F¶ Hma-\-t¸cn Adn-bs - ¸-Sp¶ kvs]jy C¡-tWm-an¡v tkm¬, Xpcp-¯pIÄt]mse \nÀ½n¨v Xpd-¶p-sIm-Sp-¯m-Wv e£-¡W - ¡ - n\p hcp¶ sXmgn At\z-j-Isc ssN\ Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv. AXp-t]m-seXs¶ tkmjy-enÌv hyh-Øn-XnbpsS Iogn `c-W-IqSw sImgnªp-t]m-Ip-¶-Xn\p ]Icw \mfn-Xp-hsc I|-Xn-tesd ià-amb `c-WI - q-Sa - p-|m-Ip-Ib - mWv sNbvXXv. AXv "sImgn-ªp-t]m-bmÂ' F´p kw`-hn¡psa¶p \mw ap¼pXs¶ I|pIgn-ªp. Cu taJe-bn-epÅ FÃm a\-Ên-em-¡-ep-Ifpw \mw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn Cf¡n a\-Ên-em-t¡-|-XmWv. kn²m-´-§Ä th|pw-h®w a\-Ên-em-¡m-sX-tbm, sXämbn a\-Ên-em-¡ntbm AXpa-sÃ-¦n {]tbm-K-§-fn-teÀs¸Sp-¶-h-cpsS kXy-k-Ô-X-bn-Ãm-bva-tbm Agn-a-Xntbm A[n-Im-c-{]-a-¯-Xtbm sIm|mWv amÀIvknÌv {]tbm-K-§-sfÃmw ]mfn-t¸m-b-sX¶ hmZamWv an¡ I½yq-WnÌv hn`m-K-§Ä¡n-S-bn-ep-apÅ-Xv. kaqÀ¯amb kml-N-cy-hn-i-I-e-\-§Ä \S¯n sse\p-IÄ F§s\ sXänt¸m-bn-sb¶v kaÀ°n-¡p-¶Xp tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ s]´-t¡m-kvXpIsf Bcpw HmÀ¯p-t]m-Ipw. C§s\ "icn-bm-b' -sse-\nsâ At\z-j -W-`m-K- a mbn Hmtcm I½yq- WnÌv ]mÀ«n-I-fnÂ\n¶pw F¶pw "ip²'I½yq-Wn-Ìp-hn`m-K§Ä s]m«n-ap-f¡ - m-dp-|.v C§s\ s]m«n-ap-f¨v D|mb I½yq-WnÌp]mÀ«n-IÄ F®n-bm-sem-Sp-§m¯ kwJybmWv. hfsc ip²-I-½yq-Wn-Ìp-I-fmb Hä-s¸« kÀÆ-Úcmb I½yq-Wn-Ìp-IÄh-sc-bp-|v. Nnesc "Ipd-XoÀ¶' I½yq-WnÌp-I-sf-¶-co-Xn-bn `mhn-X-e-ap-dbv¡v ImWm³ ayqkn-b-¯n shbv¡m³t]mepw Ign-bpw. F¶n-cp-¶mepw Imd amÀIvknsâ kn²m´w "kXy'amsW¶v Ah-scÃmw hniz-kn-¡p-¶p; Ah-cmcpw "hnizm-kn-I-f-'sÃ-¦nepw. CsXmcp hnizm-k-{]-amWw am{X-am-sW-¶Xn\v asämcp sXfnhpw Bh-iy-an-Ã. _p²-a-X-¯nsâ Imew-sXm«v amÀIvkn-kw-hscbpÅ FÃm hnizm-k-{]-am-W-§fpw Htc coXn-bnemWv ]nfÀ¶n-«p-Å-Xv. BZn {]am-W-¯n ASn-bp-d¨v hnizkn¡pIbpw Id-XoÀ¶ Iqdv {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw AXnsâ At¸m-kX v e - sâ A{]-amZnXz¯n BW-bn-Sp-Ibpw AhÀ sN¿pw. AXp-t]m-seXs¶, ip²- ip² imJ-IÄ H¶n\p ]pdsI H¶mbn s]m«n-ap-f¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. CXv Cu hnizm-k-kw-L-§-fpsS s]mXp-kz-`m-hamWv. BZn-IÀ¯m-hn\v sXäp-]ämsa¶v C¡q-«-§Ä¡v Hcn-¡epw Nn´n-¡m³IqSn Ign-bn-Ã.

C´y-bn-en¶v BZnhmkn taJe-IÄ kwLÀj-`-cn-X-am-Wv. Cu kwLÀj-§Ä¡v t\XrXzw sImSp-¡p-¶Xv amthm-bn-Ìp-I-fm-Wv. 232

BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw Xo{h-hmZ\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw

C´y³ Kh¬saâp-ambn t\cn-«p-Å Hcp _e-]-co-£-W-¯nsâ h¡n-te-¡mWv CXp \bn-¨p-sIm-|n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. sXm«Sp¯ t\¸mfn kacw sNbvXn-cp¶ amthm-bn-Ìp-IÄ cmPm-hns\ \o¡n A[nIm-c-¯n-se-¯n-t¨À¶Xv \mw I|p-h-tÃm. F¶n-s«-´mWv kw`-hn¨-Xv? B amthm-bn-Ìp-IÄ¡v AhnsS Ah-cm-{Kln¨ coXn-bn Hcp `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w D|m-¡p-hm³ Ign-ªpthm? Ign-ªnÃ, F¶pam{X-aà AhÀ¡v P\-§sf H¶n-¸n-¡p-hm³ Ign-ªn-sö bmYmÀ°yhpwIqSn D|m-bn. amÀIvknkw AsÃ-¦n amthmbnkw C¶v sNdp¯p\nev]p-IÄ¡v D]-I-cn-¡p¶ Hcp {]Xy-bimkv{Xw am{X-am-Wv. Bfp-I-fnse AXn-cp-t_m-[-§fpw IpSn-¸-IIfpw DuXn-¡-¯n¨v GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ kmaq-lnIka-ck-¯n-\pÅ hgn AhÀ ASbv¡pIXs¶ -sN¿pw. F¶m kmaqln-I-amb \nÀ½mW {]{In-bbv¡v AXp XoÀ¯pw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«Xm-sW¶ hkvXpX temI-¯nsâ hnhn-[ ` - m-K§ - f - n hnhn-[- cm-Py -§-fn GXm|v sXm®qdp-hÀjs¯ \nÀ½m-W-{]-{In-b-bn-eqsS sXfn-bn¨-XmWv. Hcp {]Xn-]£ CS-s]-S-ensâ Akzm-c-kyw-t]m-epan-ÃmsX F{X-sb{X cm-Py-§-fn AhÀ Ah-cpsS CjvS-¯n-\-\pkr-X-ambn `cn-¨n-«p-|v. C\n A¯cw auVy-§Ä Fgp-¶-Ån-¡pIbpw AXnsâ ]n¶mse ]mbp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xv Bß-l-Xym-]-c -am-Wv. sNdp-¯p-\n-e] v p-IÄ \ap-¡v Bh-iy-am-sW¶p a\-Ên-em-¡pt¼mÄXs¶ AXnsâ coXn amtä| Imew AXn-{I-an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.

F{Xtbm Xc-¯n \½Ä ]d-bp¶ Cu "Nqj-I-co-Xn's¡-Xn-cmbn-«pÅ ka-c-§Ä temI-sa-¼mSpw D|m-Ip-¶p-|v. Ah-sbÃmw Hcp-X-c-¯n-e-sÃ-¦n asämcp Xc-¯n amä-§Ä D|m-¡p-Ibpw ^ew Xcp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-|.v Ah-sbm-¶pw-Xs¶ Cu amthm-bnÌp {]Xy-bi - mkv{X-¯nsâ _e-¯n-eà D|m-bXpw \S-¡p-¶Xpw hnPbn-¡p-¶X - pw. C¶p \mw ImWp¶ BZn-hmkn taJ-eb - n-ep-Å kÀ¡mcnsâ IS¶pIb-ä§ - sf sNdp-¡m-\mbn cq]-s¸« kwL-§Ä bYmÀ°¯n Ahsc kwc-£n-¡p-¶p-t|m? C¯-c-¯n-epÅ \o¡-§Ä \nÝ-b-ambpw henb Iq«-¡p-cp-Xn¡p am{Xta CSw \evIp-IbpÅq. {ioe¦bn Xan-g-cpsS "kzX{´' Ah-Im-i-§Ä¡mbn ]S-s]m-cpXn \ntÈjw s]men-ªp-t]mb FÂ.än-.än.C-¡m-cpsS IY \mw ad-¡ m-d m-b n-«n- à tÃm! B[p- \ nI Bbp- [-§- fpsS Ipd-hpt]mepw Xangv]pen-IÄ¡p-|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. sNKp-th-c-bpsS Imew sXm«v emän-\t- a-cn-¡³ ImSp-If - n tlman-¡s - ¸« Pohn-X§ - sfbpw P\-hn-`m-K-§sfbpw \mw HmÀ¡p-I-Xs¶ thWw. ]t£, Cu HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯e - p-IÄ IqSp-X cà-km-£n-Isf \nÀ½n-¡p-¶X - n\p-th-|n-b-Ã, A\p-`-h-§-fnÂ\n¶pw ]mTw ]Tn-¡m-\m-Wv. 233

a\pjycdnbm³

cmPy-cq]oIc-W-Im-e¯v ae-ap-I-fnepw Im«nepw Xpcp-¯p-Ifnepw Hä-s¸«p t]mb-h-cm-Wv C¶v BZn-hm-kn-IÄ F¶ t]cn Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶hÀ. Cu Hä-s¸«pt]mb-hÀIqSn "s]mXp-k-aql' ¯nte¡v BKncWw sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ Ime-¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶X - v.

GsX-¦nepw cmPy-¯nsâ AXnÀ¯n-IÄ¡p-Ån-e-ÃmsX "Im«nÂ' Ign-bp¶ Bcpw C¶n-Ã. FÃm ImSp-Ifpw "dnkÀÆv t^md-Ìp-'IfmWv. A¡m-c-W-¯m sk³kkv ]«n-I-bn s]«mepw Csænepw Hcp cmPym-XnÀ¯n-¡p-Ån s]«pt]mb-hÀ, AhÀ Adn ªmepw CsÃ-¦nepw C¶v B cmPys¯ ]uc•m-cmbn amdn-bn-cn¡pI-bm-Wv. C¯cw Hcp Ncn{XL«w Hc³]Xp hÀjw ap¼phsc temI-¯nsâ FÃm tImWp-I-fnepw F¯n-t¨À¶n-cp-¶n-Ã. c|p cmPym-XnÀ¯n-IÄ¡n-Sb - n Bcp-tS-Xp-aà - m¯ {]tZ-i§ - f - n a\pjyÀ¡p hkn-¡m-am-bn-cp-¶p; Bcp-sSbpw "{]P-Itfm ]uc-•mtcm' BIm-sX. ]t£, C¶v B Ncn-{X-L«w \mw ]n¶n«p Ign-ªn-cn-¡p¶p. A¡m-c-W-¯m ]uc-•m-c-Ãm¯ Bcpw C¶v Hcp cmjv{S-§fnepw CÃ.

Cu Hcp kµn-K² v m-hØ C´yt]mse-bp-Å _rlXvcmPy-§f - n [mcm-f-am-bn-«p-|v. X§Ä Hcp cmjv{S¯nsâ ]uc-•m-cm-sW-¶-dnbm¯ ]uc-•mÀ [mcmfw hkn-¡p¶ {]tZ-i§ - f - mWv Ch-sbm-s¡.

"BZn-hm-kn-IÄ' `qcn-]£wt]cpw X§-fpsS "kz´w cmPy'¯pIgnbp¶, X§-fpsS tKm{X¯e-h• - m-tcmSpam{Xw IqdpÅ a\p-jy-cm-W.v Chsc ]uc-•m-cmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶nà F¶ B[p-\n-I-Ime "a\pjym-h-Im-i-'{]-hÀ¯-I-cpsS ]cmXn Htc kabw sXäpw icn-bp-amWv. ]ucm-h-Im-i-sa-¶m X§Ä Hcp cmjv{S--¯nse ]uc-•m-cmsW¶ "kzbw t_m[-'apÅ P\-X-bpsS Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. A¯cw Hcp cq]m-´-co-I-cWw kw`-hn-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ BZn-hm-kn-IÄ kmt¦-XnI-ambn cmjv{S-hÀ¤o-I-c-W-¯ntem kz´w kzXz-t_m-[-¯ntem ]uc-•m-c-Ã. AhtcmSv s]mXpkaq-l-¯nse ]uc-•m-cpsS "D¯-chm-ZnXzw' t]dm³ \ap¡v Bh-iy-s¸-Sm-\m-hn-Ã. A¯cw Hcp "tKm{XmwKw' {]Ptbm ]uct\m Bbn cq]m-´cw kw`-hn-t¡-|Xp-|.v AhÀ¡p-th|n \mw hmZn-¡p-t¼mÄ AhÀ¡v ]uc-•m-sc¶ D¯- c - h m- Z nXzw hln- ¡ m³ Ign- b nà F¶pw \mw Adn- b - W w.

CsXmcp "Iodm-ap«n' {]iv\-am-Wv. ap³]v ]e-Xc - ¯ - n-ep-Å _e{]tbm-K§ - f - n-eqsS kmaq-lnI G-Io -I-cWw \S-¶mWv C¶s¯ s]mXpkaqlw cq]-s¸-«-Xv. AXnsâ IY-IÄ C¶s¯ GXv ISp¯ A\o-Xn-Is - f-¡mfpw Ic-fe - n-bn-¡p¶-Xp-Xs - ¶-bm-W.v Fgp-Xs - ¸« Ncn-{X¯m-fp-IÄ H¶p-adn¨p t\m¡p¶ BÀ¡pw CXp ImWm³ Ign-bpw. A¯cw ITn-\] - ÀÆ-§Ä [mcmfw IS-¶mWv \mw C¶v "Nqj-IÀ' F¶v Icp-Xp¶ B[p-\n-I-s]m-Xp234

BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw Xo{h-hmZ\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw

k-aqlw cq]-s¸-«-Xv. F¶mÂ, A¯cw {]hÀ¯-\-§-sfm¶pw C¶s¯ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-t_m-[-¯n\p \nc-¡p-¶-X-Ã. A¡m-c-W¯m \ne-hn-epÅ kÀ¡m-cp-I-fpsS GIo-I-c-W-\o-¡-§-fnse "P\-hn-cp² D¶-§Ä' P\m-[n-]XyhmZn-Ifpw a\p-jym-h-Imi {]hÀ¯-Icpw Xncn-¨d - n-bpIXs¶ sN¿pw. AXn-\m ap³]v kw`hn¨ coXn-bn-sem-¶pw-Xs¶ C\n GIo-I-cWw \S-¡n-Ã. Cu kµnKv²m-h-Ø-bmWv hS¡p Ing-¡³ {]tZ-i-§-fn-sebpw BZn-hmkntaJe-I-fn-sebpw kwLÀj-§Ä¡v Imc-W-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Ic-Wo-b-amb F´v {]hÀ¯\amWv C¯cw Hcp kµn-Kv²m-hØ-bn \ap¡v I¿m-fm³ Ign-bp-¶Xv? GsX-¦nepsamcp BZnhmknkaqls¯ C\n s]mXpkaq-l-¯n-te¡p sIm|p-h-cmsX "Ahsc Ah-cpsS ]m«n\p hnSm³' Hcp kaq-l-¯n\pw Ign-bn-Ã.

Ata-cn-¡b - n-sebpw Bkvt{S-en-bb - n-sebpw ap³Imekaq-l§ - sf Ahn-Ss¯ "dnkÀtÆ-j³ Iym¼p'I-fn Xf-¨n-«-Xp-t]mse \mw C\n sNbvXp-Iq-Sm. BZn-hm-kn-IÄ¡p-th|n hmZn-¡p¶ a\p-jymh-Imi{]hÀ¯-IÀ Ahsc s]mXpkaql¯n-te¡v BKn-cWw sN¿m³ klm-bn-¡p-I-bmWv th|-Xv. Ahsc Hcn-S-¯p-\n¶v Hgn¸n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n th|coXn-bn \jvS-]-cn-lmcw hm§n-s¡mSp¯pw \ÃcoXn-bn ]p\xc-[n-h-kn-¸n¨pw AhÀ¡p-|m-Im-hp¶ _p²n-ap-«p-IÄ¡v ]c-am-h[n ]cn-lm-c-ap-|m-¡p-I-bmWv th|-Xv. AÃmsX AhÀ¡p \ne-hn-epÅ s]mXp-ka - q-l¯ - nse AwK-§s - f¡mÄ "[mÀ½n-I'- ambn IqSp-X Ah-Im-ia - p-s|¶\ne-bn hmZn¡p-I-bÃ. tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡mÀ hkn-¡p¶taJe-bn Ccp-¼v, Aepan-\n-bw, Ifn-a®v XpS-§nb [mXp\nt£-]§ - Ä Ds|-¦n AXnsâ J\-\-¯m e`n-¡p¶ hcp-am-\-¯nsâ ]¦v B taJ-e-bn-ep-ÅhÀ¡v ]¦p-h-bv¡m-\pÅ Icm-dmWv D|m-t¡-|-Xv. Hcp cmPym-XnÀ¯n-¡p-ÅnepÅ [mXp\nt£-]-§Ä {]tXy-In¨v ae-aS- ¡ - p-If - nÂX-s¶-bm-bn-cn¡pw D|m-bn-cn-¡p-I. ImcWw AXnk-½À±¯m ae-I-fp-|m-Ip¶ {]{In-b-bnÂX-s¶-bmWv [mXp¡fpw cq]-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. AXn-\m ""[mXp-¡Ä asä-hn-sS-sb-¦nepw t]mbn J\\w sNbvtXm R§Ä BZn-hm-kn-IÄ Ign-bp-¶n-Ss - ¯m¶pw J\\w th|'' F¶ \ne-]m-sS-Sp-¯m AXv B cmPys¯ {]Xnk-Ôn-bn-em-¡pI am{X-amWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. kz´w \nt£]w J\\w sN¿m³ Ign-bmsX AXn`oa-amb hnebv¡v A\y-cm-Py-§-fn \n¶v Cd-¡p-aXn sN¿p-I-sb¶ Hscmä t]mwhgn am{X-amWv ]ns¶-bp-ÅX - v. CXv Hcp cmPy-¯nse Ipd¨p a\p-jy-cpsS "a\p-jymh-Imikwc-£Ww'sIm|v sNt¿|nh¶m A´Àt±-io-b-amb km¼-¯nI aÕcthZn-I-fn B cmPyw ]nt¶m-«-Sn-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. C¯cw Hcp hnesImSp-¡m³ Hcp cmPys¯ `c-Wm-[n235

a\pjycdnbm³

Im-cn-Itfm aäp `qcn-]£w P\-§tfm X¿m-dm-Ip-sa¶v \mw tamln¡p-Itb th|.

C\n X¿m-dm-bmÂXs¶ Cu cmPy-¯n-s\-¡mfpw ssk\y-_ew IqSp-X-epÅ asämcp cmPyw Ah-km\w AhnSw It¿-dp-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. AXn-\m CX-ÃmsX asämcp t]mwh-gnbpw "hnI-knX kaq-l-'¯n\p ap¶n-ep-|m-hp-I-bn-Ã. {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn t\m¡pt¼mÄ \jvS] - c - n-lm-cc - o-Xn-Xs - ¶-bmWv BZn-hm-kn-kw-c£ - W - ¯ - n\v Gähpw DX-Ip-¶-Xv. AÃmsX AhÀ Ahn-sS-\n¶pw amdp-I-bnà F¶ imTys¯ ]n³Xm-§p-I-bà th|-Xv. Cu imTyw AhÀ¡v kzbw D|m-b-Xp-a-Ã. AXv amthm-bnÌv {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-kw-`m-h-\bm-Wv. CXp henb kwLÀj-¯n-te¡pw Ah-km\w tKm{X-hÀ¤¡m-cpsS \ntÈ-j-X-IÀ¨bv¡pw Iq«-¡p-cp-Xn¡pw hgnhbv¡pI-tb-bp-Åq. Bbp-[-sa-Sp¯ BZn-hm-kn-I-sfÃmw Pohn-¡p¶ tKm{X-hÀ¤-ta-Je - I - s - fÃmwXs¶ C¶v kwLÀj-`c - n-Xa - mbn amdn-bncn-¡p-¶X - mbn \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. ]m¡n-Øm³, A^vKm-\n-Øm³, tImt¡-jy³ ae-a-S-¡p-I-fn-epÅ tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡mcpw B{^n-¡³ `qJ-WU v ¯ - n-epÅ tKm{X-hÀ¤¡mcpw AXmXv cmPy-§f - nse `c-Wkw-hn-[m-\§ - f - p-ambn t\cn«pÅ Gäp-ap-«e - n-emWv C¶p Ign-bp-¶Xv.kz´w tKm{X-¯-e-h-t\mtSm tKm{X-¯n-t\m-tSm-am{Xw Iqdp-]p-eÀ ¯p¶ Cu a\p-jyÀ¡v Hcn-¡epw Hcp cmPy-¯nsâ ]uc-t_m[w t]dm-\m-In-Ã. cmPy-¯n-\p-Ån Ime-mIm-e-§Ä¡p-Ån \S-¶ncp¶ Hcp sacp-¡s - ¸-S-en\pw AhÀ hnt[-bc - m-bn-«p-an-Ã. AXn-\m ]uc-t_m-[-apÅ P\-X-bp-ambn \S-¡p¶ Hscm-¯p-XoÀ¸p-hy-hØbpw Ah-cp-ambn km[n-¡m-sX-hc - pw. CXv tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡m-cpsS \ntÈ-j-\m-i-¯nte Ah-km-\n-¡p-I-bp-Åq. tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡mÀ¡v Ccp¼v J\\w sNbvXv kzbw D]-tbm-Kn¡m-\p-Å kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zytbm sIevt]m kzt¯m H¶p-an-söv \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W -- w. B[p-\n-I-amb hnIk\ Ad-nhp-IÄ, kmt¦Xn-Ihn-Zy-IÄ FÃmw CXn-\m-h-iy-am-Wv. AhÀ¡Xv kzbw D]-tbmKn-¡m³ Ign-bn-sÃ-¦n KÄ^n F§-s\-bmWv s]t{SmÄ AhnSs¯ tKm{X-hÀ¤kaq-l-s¯ kw]pjvS-am-¡n-bXv F¶t]mse aäm-fp-If - psS kmt¦-XnIhnZy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v hnI-kn-¸n-¨p-sIm|p am{Xta Cu hnI-k\{]hÀ¯\w sN¿p-hm³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq.

AÃmsX B [mXp-¡Ä BZn-hm-kn-If - p-tS-Xmbn Ccn-¡s«, AhnsS aämcpw IS¶p Ib-d-cpXv F¶p ]d-bp¶ bpàn bYmÀ°-¯n km²y-a-söv \mw a\-Ên-em-¡Ww. "]«n I¨n Xn¶p-I-bp-an-Ã, ]ip-hn-s\-s¡m|v Xoän-¡p-I-bp-anÃ' F¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ kao-]\w BÀ¡pw KpWw sN¿n-Ã. CXv BZn-hm-kn-IÄ¡p th|n {]hÀ ¯n¡p¶ kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯-Icpw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-{]-hÀ¯-Icpw a\-Ên-em-t¡|-XmWv. 236

BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw Xo{h-hmZ\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw

]n¶-Wn-bn-em-bn-t¸m-bXv Hcp Ipä-asöv Adn-bp-t¼mÄXs¶ AXv aäv Ipd-¨p-t]À Ahsc A§s\ B¡n-b-Xm-sW¶ cmjv{Sob-kao-]\ - a - mWv bYmÀ°-¯n Ah-cpsS kmaqlnImKn-cW - ¯ - n\v XS-Ê-ambn hcp-¶-Xv. "apt¶-dnb' P\X Hscmä X«m-sW¶ `mh¯n \mw Imcy-§f - h - X - c - n-¸n-¡c - p-Xv. Ipd-¨p-Imew ap³]v BZn-hmkn-If - m-bn-cp-¶h - ÀX-s¶-bmWv Cu apt¶-dnb P\-Xbpw. BKnc-W -{]-{In-b-bpsS "NqSv' Ipd-bv¡m³ A¶v a\p-jym-h-Im-ihpw ]ucmh-Im-ih - p-sam-¶p-an-Ãm-bn-cp¶p. \msaÃmw BZn-a\ - n-hm-kn-IÄX-s¶ -bmWv. AXn-\m BÀ¡pw {]tXy-In¨v IqSp-X B\p-Iq-eyhpw X¯z-¯n-en-Ã. ]t£, ]n¶-Wn-bn-em-bn-t¸mb Hcp kaq-l¯nsâ DÅnÂ, s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯n-te¡pÅ BKnc-Ww-sIm-|p-|m-Ip¶ BLm-Xw eLq-I-cn-¡m³ t_m[-]qÀÆ-amb CS-s]-S-en-eqsS \ap ¡mIpw. AXmWp th|-Xv. AÃmsX Bbp-[-sa-Sp¯p t]mcmSn \mam-h-ti-j-am-Im³ Ahsc t{]cn-¸n-¡-cp-Xv. A§s\ t{]cn-¸n-¡p¶ {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§-sfm¶pw a\p-jy -\n-Xp-hsc Hcp KpWhpw sNbvXn«nÃ. AÃmsX Ahn-sS-bp-anhnsSbpw In«p¶ {]mIrXtXm¡p-IÄ hm§n h³k¶m-l-§-tfmsS \n¡p¶ tk\-I-fp-ambn Iq«n-ap«n s]men-ªp-t]m-Ip¶ Xc¯n Ahsc kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p¶ Cu coXn XoÀ¯pw sXäm-W.v B[p -\nI ]ucm-h-Im-i-¯n-sâbpw a\p-jym-h-Im-i-¯nsâbpw \oXnt_m-[¯ - m kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯-IÀ D¶-bn-¡p¶ bpànbpw sNdp¯p-\n¸pwsIm|p am-{X-amWv C¶p-hsc AhÀs¡-Xnsc tk\Isf D]-tbm-Kn¨v ISp-¯-\-S-]-Sn-IÄ FSp-¡m³ Kh-s×sâpIÄ Xp\n-bm-¯Xv. AXp-X-s¶, Hcp P\m-[n-]-Xy-cm-Pys¯ `c-W-kwhn-[m-\-am-b-Xp-sIm|v am{X-hpw. ]t£, F{X-\mÄ CXn§s\ XpS-cp-w? ]«nsb t]¸«nbm¡n Nn{Xo-Ic - n¨v A[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡v ZpÀºe-cmb P\-§sf XÃn-s¡m-Ãm³am-{Xta Cu amthm-bnÌv sNdp-¯p \n¸p-IÄ Ah-km\w D]-Im-c-s¸-Sq. BZn-hm-kn-IÄ tXm¡p-IÄ ]nSn¨v kÀ¡m-cns\ t\cn-Sp-t¼mÄ B tXm¡p-IÄ AhÀ I|p-]n-Sn-¨-Xà F¶ hkvXpXIqSn \mw HmÀ¡Ww. AhÀ sNdp-¡p¶ h³hyh-kmb Øm]-\-§-fpsS DXv]-¶-§-fm-WXv. AsXmcp BZn-hmkn sNdp-¯p-\n-e] v pt]m-epa-Ã. Bbp-[§ - s - f-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ B Bbp-[§ - Ä \nÀ½n¨ coXn-sb´m-sW¶v \mw H¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww. Bbp-[w thWw F¶p \nÝ-bn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n B[p-\nI kmt¦-Xn-IX Bh-iy-ambn hcpw. kmt¦-XnIhnZy-I-fpsS Bh-iy-§Ä hnI-k\w F¶ coXnbn a\-Ên-em-¡msX AXv "ASn-¨-aÀ¯epw sImÅbpw' am{X-amsW¶v hnNm-cn-¡p¶ Hcp coXn-bmWv C¶v Bfp-I-fp-sS-bn-S-bn {]N-cn¨p \nev¡p-¶X - .v hnI-k\ - §fmIs« \mi-¯nt\m AsÃ-¦n 237

a\pjycdnbm³

Nqj-W-¯n-t\m B-sW¶pw. AXv \mw ta¸dª hkvXp-X-Ifn-eqsS a\-Ên-em¡n F´m-Wv kw`-hn-¡p-¶-sX¶v Xncn-¨-dn-bp-IbmWv th|-Xv. hnI-k\w F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xnsâ KpW-t`m-àm-¡fmbn P\-§sf apgp-h³ amäm³ F§s\ Ignbpw F¶-Xn-emWv bYmÀ°-¯n \mw {i² ]Xn-¸n-t¡-|-Xv. Ak-´p-en-X-amb hnIm-k-co-Xn-I-fm kmaq-ly-amb hyXy-kvXX«p-If - n \nev¡p-t¼mÄ \nÝ-ba - mbpw sNdp-¯p-\n-e] v p-IÄ Bh -iy-am-bn-¯-s¶-h-cpw. sNdp¯p\nev]p-IÄ¡v kam-[m-\-¯n-sâXmb amXr-II - fmWv KmÔn hnI-kn-¸n-¨X - v. AsXmcp sNdnb Imcyhp-aÃ. ]Ãpw \Jhpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v sNdp-¯p-\n-¶n-cp¶ Pohn-t_m-[¯nÂ\n¶pw `n¶-ambn XmZm-ßy-t_m-[s¯ A`n-kw-t_m-[-\ s - N-¿p¶ kl-\k - a - c - c - o-Xn-IÄ \nÝ-ba - mbpw Ncn-{X-¯nse Gähpw henb I|p-]n-Sn-¯-§-fnsem¶m-Wv. C¡m-cy-¯n kmaq-ln-Iimkv{X-Ú-cn A{K-K-Wy-\mWv KmÔn. B amXr-I-I-fmWv \mw ]co-£n-t¡-|Xpw apt¶m«p-sIm-|p-t]m-tI-|X - pw. Cu sNdp-¯p \n¸p-I-fn \nÝ-b-ambpw ]£w-]n-Sn-t¡-|n-hcpw. At¸mÄ Btcm-sSm¯mWv \mw \nÂt¡-|Xv? AXv B k-µÀ`-¯n BcmtWm c|mw-X-cw-]u-c-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv, BcmtWm IqSp-X Zpcn-Xa - \ - p-`hn-¡p-¶Xv Ah-tcm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶bmWv. kwi-bw-th-|m.

ChnsS \mw NÀ¨-sN-¿p-¶Xv \mw FSp-t¡| ka-cc - o-Xn-bm-Wv, kao ]-\-co-Xn-bm-Wv. \msaÃmw Htc a\p-jy-Ipe-am-sW¶ Xncn-¨-dnhv ka-Xz-\nÀ½mW-¯n\pw \oXn-\nÀÆ-l-W-¯n\pw \ap¡v IqSp-X DÀÖw ]I -cp-I-tb-bp-Åq. ]c-am-h[n \jvS-]-cn-lm-c-¯pI hm§n-s¡m-Sp¯v km²y-amb \oXn-tbmsS ]p\-c-[n-hmkw \S-¸m-¡m³ ap³ssI FSp-¡pI F¶ \ne-bn a\p-jym-h-Im-i-{]-hÀ¯-I-À Ah-cpsS {]hr¯n-IÄ amtä-|X - p-|.v C\n, \jvS] - c - n-lm-c¯ - n\p ]Icw BZn -hm-kn-IÄ Ign-bp¶ "Ah-cpsS `qan' AhnsS¯pS-§p¶ ^mIvädn-I-fn B tKm{X-¯nsâ \nt£-]-ambn amän Ønchcp-am-\ kuIcyw D|m-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv. CsXms¡ km²y-amb ]cn-lm-camÀ¤-§-fm-Wv. \msaÃmw sImXn-¨-Xpt]mse \oXn-\n-dª Hcp-tem-I-an-sÃ-¶dn-bp-I, kz`m-hn-Ik - a - X - z-hp-an-Ã. AXn-\m km²y-amb \oXn \nÀ ½n¡pIbpw AXv tXSp-I-bpw t\Sp-Ibp-am-Wv th|Xv, AXpw Ah-km-\s¯ Bfpw Poht\msS AX-\p-`h - n-¡m-\p-|m-hW - s - a¶ hmin-tbm-sS. cà-km-£n-I-fpsS \nÀ½mWw acn-¨-h-cpsS t]cn Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS DÕhw am{X-am-Wv. Pohn-¨n-cn-¡pI H¶mas¯ BhiyamWv; AXn-\mbn acn-t¡| Bh-iy-an-Ã. cà-km£n-I-fpsS \nÀ½mWhpw "A`n-am\'t¯msS acn-¡m³ ]Tn-¸n-¡p238

BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw Xo{h-hmZ\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw

¶Xpw ]g-b-ImetKm{X-hÀ¤-aq-ey-§fm-Wv. Ch-sbÃmw IpSn-¸-It]mse \s½ ]n³Xp-Sc - p¶hbm-W.v IpSn-¸I - I - Ä¡p ]I-ca - mWv \mw \nb- a - § fpw \oXn- \ ymbt¡mS- X n- I fpw Is|- ¯ n- b - X v . FÃmhÀ¡pw Bh-iy-amb hn`-h-§Ä¡p-th|n sh«n-acn¡mXn-cn-¡m\m-bn-«mWv Hcp a²yØsa-¶\ - n-eb - n B[p-\n-I` - c - W - h - y-hØ - I - Ä cq]-s¸-«p-sIm-|n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXnt\msSm¸w t]mtI-|-XmWv \½psS sshIm-cn-Ita-Je - I - Ä. Ah \nb-{´Whnt[-ba - mbn ssIImcyw sNt¿-|Xv \½psS Pohn-X¯ - n-s\m-gn-¨p-Iq-Sm-¯X - m-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Hcp Pohn-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sIm|v CX-{Xsbfp-¸a-sö-dnbmw. F¦nepw asämcp t]mwh-gnbpw \½psS ap¶n-en-ÃF¶p-Xs¶ a\-Ên-em-¡pI.

239

\m«n³]pdhpw \KchpwþHsc-¯n-t\m«w

Hcp A]-I-S-ap-|mbn \K-c-ho-Yn-bn tNmchmÀs¶m-en¨v "Bcpw Xncnªp t\m¡m-\n-ÃmsX' acn¨p t]mb-h-cpsS ZpxJ-`-cn-X-amb IY-IÄ ]{X-¯m-fp-I-fn \mw Im-Wmdp-|v. lrZ-bi - q-\y-amb \K-c¯ - nsâ Idp¯apJ-s¯-¸än IhnlrZ-b-§Ä tIgm-dp-|v. \m«n³]p-d-am-Is« \•-Ifm kar-²s - a¶pw ]mSn-t¡Ä¡m-dp-|.v ]t£, bYmÀ°¯n F´mWv kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv? ImÀjn-I-hr-¯n-bn GÀs¸-«n-cn-¡p¶ {Kma-§Ä sNdpXpw AXn-e-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ AwK-§Ä ]c-k] v cw Adnbp-¶-h-cp-am-sW¶ Imcyw \mw HmÀ¡m-dn-Ã. [mcmfw ka-b-apÅ a\p-jy-cmWv Ahn-sS-bp-Å-hÀ. "Ime¯p ImWmw' F¶p ]d-ªm cmhnse A©paWn apX ]¯paWnhsc Ft¸mÄ thW-sa-¦nepw Cu {]`m-Xk - a - mKaw km²y-am-Ipw. adn-¨v, \K-c-¯n-te¡v \ap-s¡m¶p t\m¡mw. "F«p ]¯nsâ _Êv anÊv sNbvXmÂ' Hm^okn F¯n-t¨-cm³ Ign-bn-sö thh-em-Xn-tbmsS _kv tÌm¸n \nev¡p¶ Hcp-ht\m, ^mIvS-dn-bntem, Hm^okntem, taep-tZym-KØ - sâ apdn-bn-te¡v XncnsI FSp¯p sIm|pt]mIp-¶-Xn\pap¼v Aäâ³kv cPn-kv{Sn-bn H¸p hbvt¡-|-htcm, aWn-b-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn\pap¼v kvIqfnse-¯n-t¨-tc-|-htcm, Iyq \nev¡p-¶-h-cpsS ap¼n hmXn Xpd-t¡-|h - tcm, F«paWn¡pap¼v tcmKn-IÄ¡v tSm¡¬ sImSp-t¡-|-htcm, sk{I-«-dn-tb-änse "Imcyw km[n-¨n«v' C¶pXs¶ \m«n-te¡v Xncn¨pt]mtI-|- "\•\n-dª' {Kma-hm-kn-Itfm Hs¡-bmWv A]-ISw \S-¶t¸mÄ B _kvtÌm¸n \n¶n-cp-¶-Xv. HcmÄ¡pw ]c-kv ]cw Adnbnà F¶Xv Hcp \á-amb bmYmÀ°y-am-Wv. {Kma-¯nse Iep¦nsâ apI-fn C¶v F´p sN¿Ww F¶-dn-bmsX shdp-sX-bn-cp-¶-h-cpsS ap¶n-em-Wv A]ISw \S-¶X - .v ""hm, cmam, keota, tPmk-t^ H¶p ]nSn-¡q, Bip-]{- Xn-bn sIm|p-t]m-Imw...''F¶v ]c-k] v cw ap³]cn-Nbw DÅ-hÀ H¯ptNÀ¶p \S-¯p¶ {]hr¯n-bmWv 240

\m«n³]pdhpw \KchpwþHsc-¯n-t\m«w

"{Kma-¯nsâ \•'. ]t£, \K-c¯ - n Hmtcm-cp-¯c - p-sSbpw F¯nt¨-c sshIn-bm Iem-]-ap-|m-Ip¶ Pohn-X-N-cy-bn Ign-bp¶-h-cpsS ]c-k] v -c-a-dn-bm¯ Iq«amWv "Zb-bn-Ãm¯ \K-c's¯ krjvSn-¨-Xv. "hm, ]nSn¡q' Fs¶m-cmÄ ]d-ªmepw aäp-Å-h-cpsS ico-cw, AhÀ¡-§s\ sN¿-W-sa¶p tXm¶n-bmepw A\-§p-Ibn-Ã. ka-b-¯n\p "\à hne-bpÅ' a\p-jy-¡q-«-am-W-hÀ. am{X-aÃ, AhnsS¡qSn-\n-¶-h-cn Ipd-¨p-t]-sc-¦nepw {Kma-¯nÂ\n¶pw Imcy-km-²y-¯n\p \K-c-¯n-te¡v h¶-htcm {Km-a-¯nÂ\n¶pw \K-c-¯n-te¡v IpSn-tb-dn-bn«v A[n-Im-e-am-bn-«p-an-Ãm¯-htcm Bbncn¡pw. ]t£, Ahcpw A\-§msX \n¡p-I-X-s¶-bmWv sN¿m-dp-Å-Xv. ]e Zn¡nÂ\n¶pw h¶v H¯pIqSn\n¡p¶ \K-c§ - f - nse a\p j - yÀ¡v CW-§p-¶Xv "kwØ-'I-Ä AsÃ-¦n knÌ-§f - mWv. AhnsS kl-PI - q-«m-ba -v I - Ä km²y-aà - . {Ia-{]-Imcw {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ kwØI-fp-|m-¡n-bm \K-c-§-fn AXv {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-Ipw. B[p\nI kt¦-Xn-Ik - u-Ic - y-§Ä e`y-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ C¡m-e§ - f - n Hcp t^m¬hn-fn-sIm|v ]cn-l-cn-¡m-hp¶ {]iv\w am{X-am-Wn-Xv. Hcp B-w_p-e³tkm SmIvkntbm \nan-j-¯n-\p-Ån Øe-s¯-¯n¡m-\pÅ kuIcyw C¶p-|v. A¯cw kwØ-If - p-sStbm Øm]-\ -§-fp-sStbm t^m¬\¼À {]ZÀin-¸n-¡p¶ ]c-ky-§Ä FÃm-bnShpw ]Xn-¸n-¡pIam{Xta th|q. AÃmsX \Kcw lrZ-bi - q-\y-am-bnt¸m-bn-sb¶v hne-]n¨v ho«nÂt]m-bn-cp¶p Ihn-X-sb-gpXpI-b-Ã-m th-|-Xv.... \m«n³]p-dhpw \K-chpw X½n Hcp bYmÀ°-hy-Xym-k-ap-|v.

AXv \mw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I-Xs¶ thWw. ]c-k] v cw Adn-bpIsb¶ {]{Inb Htckabw {Kma-¯nsâ \•bpw Xn•-bp-am-Wv. Hä-s¸«p t]mhpI F¶Xv {Kma-¯n kw`-hn-¡n-Ã. adn¨v, Hä-s¸-Sp-¯pI F¶ {]{Inb \S-¡pIbpw sN¿pw. {Kma§Ä PmXn-sImt|m aXwsImt|m X«p-If - m-bn \n¶mepw AXv an¡-t¸mgpw Hcp GI-Ia - mbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-Ib - mWv ]Xn-hv. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m "{`jvSv' F¶ h{Pmbp[w Hmtcm {Kma-hm-kn-bp-sSbpw Xe-bpsS apI-fn Xq§p¶ sUtam¢o-knsâ hmfmWv. {Kma-¯n cl-ky-§Ä¡v Aev]mbptÊ DÅq. AXn-\m s]mXp-k½ - X - n-bn-Ãm¯ GXp {]hr¯nbpw ]pd-¯d - n-bp-Ibpw AXv hne-¡s - ¸-Sp-Itbm AsÃ-¦n AXv sNbv XbmÄ ]pd-¯m-¡-s¸-Sp-Itbm sN¿pw. ià-amb hyànXzAXncp-t_m-[-§Ä A¡m-c-W-¯m cq]-s¸-SpI hfsc hnc-f-amtb km[n-¡p-I-bp-Åq. k¼-¶-cmb Nne hyàn-IÄ¡v Nne Ime-§fn Cu Hä-s¸-Sp-¯Â AXn-Po-hn-¡m-\m-bn-«p-|v. ]t£, IqSpXepw A§s\ cq]-s¸-Sp¶ hyàn-Xz-§Ä {Kmam-XnÀ¯n-hn-«p241

a\pjycdnbm³

t]m-hpI km[m-c-W-am-Wv. kzX-{´-amb Nn´-IÄ¡v {Kma-¯n-en-San-Ã. kzIm-cy-X-I-fm-{K-ln-¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw AXv AhnsS e`n-¡n-Ã.

CXnÂ\n¶pw Xptemw `n¶-amb Hcp {]hÀ¯-\c - o-Xn-bmWv \K-c¯n-\p-Å-Xv. \Kcw FÃmbn\w kzIm-cy-X-IÄ¡pw kzmX-{´y-{]-IS-\§ - Ä¡pw CSw \ÂIpw. Bcpw AdnbmsX Hä-s¸« hyàn-IÄ¡pw Hä-s¸-Sp-¯s¸« hyàn-IÄ¡pw ac-Ww-hsc \ne-\n¡m³ AXv CS-sam-cp-¡pw. ]|v {Kma-§f - nÂ\n¶pw ]pd-¯m-¡s - ¸-Sp¶ hyànIÄ ac-W-s¸-«p-t]m-hp-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. Abmsf¸än-bpÅ tIÄhnIÄ AbmÄ¡v ap³]pXs¶ bm{X-sNbvtXm Abmsf A\p-Kant¨m F¯n-t¨-cp-¶-Xp-hgn kao-]-{Km-a-§-fnepw AbmÄ¡nSw In«m-dn-Ã. am{X-aà FÃm _Ô-§fpw tKm{X-þ-NmÀ¨þPmXnIfn-e-SnØm-\-s¸-Sp¯n \nÀ®o-X-am-b-Xn-\m kz´-ambn hcp-am-\-amÀ¤w Is|-¯m-\m-ImsX AbmÄ ac-W-s¸-Sp-Itb \nhr¯n-bp-|m-bn -cp-¶p-Åq. {Kma-§fpsS hen¸w AXnsâ sXm«-bÂ{]-tZ-is¯ hcp-am-\-amÀ¤-¯m \nÀ®-bn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶-Xn-\m Ahn-Ss¯ P\-kw-Jym-hÀ²-\ \nb-{´n-Xa - m-bn-cp-¶p. ]t£, \K-c§ - Ä tdmUpI-fpsS hnI-k\ - w-sIm|pw shÅwsIm|p-hc - m-\pÅ Ipg-ep-If - psS Is|-¯e - p-sIm|pw ]Sn-]S- n-bmbn hnI-kn-¡p-Ib - mWv D|m-bX - v.

C§s\ hnI-kn¨ \K-c-§Ä t\ct¯ ]dª Hä-s¸«Xpw Häs¸-Sp-¯s¸«Xpamb hyàn-Xz-§Ä¡v XWepw A¶hpw CShpw \ÂIn Ahsc kwc-£n-¡p-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - .v Cu {]{Inb-IÄ \mfnXp-hs - c-bn-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ Nne {]iv\§ - Ä cq]s¸Sm³ CS-bm-¡n. A\nb-{´-n-X-ambn hfÀ¶ \K-c-¯nse P\-kw-Jym-_m-lp-ey-¯m Hcm-sf-¸ä - n-bpÅ \•-þX - n• tI«p-tIÄhn-IÄ FÃm-hc - nepw F¯n-t¨cpI Ffp-¸-a-Ã. C\n F¯n-t¨À¶mÂXs¶ ]pXnb ]pXnb I]-Shy-àn-Xz-§Ä kzoI-cn¨pw AXns\ adnIS¡mw. F¶p ]d-ªm A]-I-S-Im-cn-bmb Hcp hyàn ]nSn-¡-s¸-Sm-sX, shfn-s¸-SmsX F{X-\mÄ thW-sa-¦nepw Pohn¨p t]mImw. A\-´a - mbn Bfp-Isf ]än¨pw sIm¶pw Xn¶pw AbmÄ¡v Pohn-¡mw. kzX-{´-Nn-´I - Ä¡pw ]p¯³ Bi-b-§Ä¡pw I|p-]n-Sn-¯-§Ä¡pw \K-c-§Ä CSw \ÂIp-¶X - n-t\m-sSm¸w Hcp kaql-¯n\v Hcn-¡epw Xm§m³ Ignbm¯ C¯cw hyàn-Xz-§f - psS \ne-\n¸n\pw ]c-k] v cw Is|¯n kwLw tNcp-¶X - n\pw AXnSw \ÂIpw. B[p-\nI kaqlw t\cnSp ¶Xpw F§s\ ssIImcyw sN¿-W-sa-¶-dn-bm¯Xpamb Hcp {]tl-fn-I-X-s¶-bm-Wn-Xv. Npäp-]m-Sp-Isf A\p-Iq-e-am-¡m-\pÅ Pohsâ kzm`m-hnI Ignhns\ \qdp-a-S§v hÀ²n-¸n-¡m³ \½psS k©n-X-kmw-kvIm-cnI Adnhn\v Ign-ª p. A¡m- c- W - ¯ m P\n-¡ p¶ `qcn-]£w Ipªp-§s - fbpw kwc-£n-¨p-\n-e\ - nÀ¯m³ Ct¸mÄ a\p-jy-ka - q242

\m«n³]pdhpw \KchpwþHsc-¯n-t\m«w

243

a\pjycdnbm³

l-¯n\p Ign-bpw. Im«n-te¡pt\m¡n "{]Ir-Xn-Xo-{h-hm-Zn-IÄ' ]d-bm-dp|v, FÃm Pohn-Ifpw {]Ir-Xn-¡-\p-kr-X-ambn Pohn-¡p-¶Xp-sIm|v Im«n tcmK-§-fpÅ Pohn-I-fn-Ãm-sb-¶v. kXy-¯nÂ, Pohn-IÄ {]Ir-Xn¡-\p-kr-X-ambn Pohn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-|à Im«n A\m-tcm-Kn-Isf Is|-¯m¯-Xv. adn¨v, AkpJw h¶ Hcp- Po-hn, F´n\v Aev]w XfÀ¨ _m[n¨ Hcp Pohn, aäp-Å-h-cpsS Blm-cambn Xocp-¶-Xp-sIm-|mWv Im«n tcmKn-I-fn-Ãm-¯-Xv. Gähpw ]pjvSn-bpÅ Pohn am{Xta AhnsS Poh-t\m-sS-bn-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åq.

A{X \nin-X-amWv Pohn-¡m-\pÅ aÕ-cw. Cu Pohn-¡m-\pÅ aÕc-amWv \mw ImÀjnIhr¯n Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sSbpw \K-c-cq-]oI-c-W-¯n-eq-sSbpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Ipd-¨p-sIm-|p-h-¶-Xv. acp-¶pIÄ I|p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-eqsS \mw tcmK-§sf sNdp-¡m-\pÅ Icp¯pw BÀÖn-¨p. hmIvknsâ I|p-]n-Sn¯¯m kq£vaPo-hn-I-fpsS IS-¶m-{I-a-W-s¯ sNdp-¡m-\pÅ Ignhpw \mw t\Sn -sb-Sp-¯p. Cu hnP-b-§-fmWv kaq-l-¯n kzm`m-hnI \nÀ²m-cW-¯n\v hnt[-b-ambn a¬a-d-ªpt]mIpambncp¶ FÃm hyànI-sfbpw kwc-£n-¡m-³ \ap¡p Ign-ª-Xv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ Htcm hÀjhpw a\pjymbpÊv IqSp-XÂ\o«m³ \ap¡p Ign-bp-¶X - pw CXp-sIm-|mWv. ]t£, Cu hnP-b-§-fpsS hne-bmWv hr²-P-\§-fpsS tcmK-hÀ²-\bmbpw P\n-X-I-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS kwJym-hÀ²-\b - mbpw \mw A`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-¡p-¶X - .v temIs¯ ImcpWy-{]-hr¯n-I-fpsS ASn-Øm\wXs¶ Cu hnP-b-§-fpsS ]mÀiz^-e-§-fm-sW¶v \ap¡p ImWmw. BbpÊv \o«p-t¼mÄ Im³kÀ, {]ta-lw, ad-hn-, _e-£-bw, kÔn-th-Z\ XpS-§nb hmÀ²-Iy-k-lPtcmK-§-fpsS kaq-l¯nse hÀ²\ \mw {]Xo-£n-¡p-I-Xs¶ thWw. AXpt]mse, Ip«n-If - psS P\-\a - c - W - \ - n-c¡v Ipd-b¡ v p-t¼mÄ P•-\m-bp-|m-Ip¶ sshI-ey-§-fpsS hÀ²-\bpw \mw {]Xo-£n-t¡-|-Xp-|v. AXmbXv Hcp {]iv\-]-cn-lmcw asämcp ]p¯³ {]iv\-krjvSn \S-¯psa-¶v. CXp-Im-WmsX t]mI-cp-Xv. AXpsIm|mWv hr²-k-Z-\§fpw hr²- P - \ - t k- h - \ - § fpw sshI- e y- § fpÅ Ip«n- I Ä¡v ]Tn-¡m\pw hf-cm-\p-apÅ "kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-sf¶v' \mw hnfn¡p¶ khn-tij ]T-\-im-e-Ifpw [mcmfambn th|n-h-cp-¶-Xpw \ne-\n¡p-¶Xpw. Ch-sbÃmw an¡-t¸mgpw ]mcnØn-XnI\mi ¯nsâ Dt]mXv]-¶-§-Ä am{X-ambmWv \mw a\-Ên-em-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. ]mc-Øn-Xn-I\ - mi¯m P\n-XI - s - sh-Ie - y-§Ä D|m-Ip-sa-¦nepw kzm`m-hnI P\n-X-I-ssh-I-ey-§Ä¡v B¡w Iq«p-I-am-{X-amWv an¡-t¸mgpw Ah sN¿p-¶-Xv. ta¸-dª c|p {]iv\-§Äs¡m¸w \mw a\-Ên-em-t¡| Ipsd-¡qSn Kuc-h-X-c-amb asämcp {]iv\-amWv ta kqNn-¸n¨ 244

\m«n³]pdhpw \KchpwþHsc-¯n-t\m«w

A]-{`wiw h¶ hyàn-Xz-§-fpsS kwJym-hÀ²-\bpw kwLw-tN-cepw. hyàn-Po-hn-X-¯nse AXn-cp-I-fn-Ãm-bvabpsSbpw IS-¶p-I-bä-§fpsSbpw ImcWwsIm|v kz`m-h-ssh-I-ey-§-fpÅ hyànIÄ¡v ]pjvSn-s¸-Sm³ {Kma-§Ä CS-w sImSp¯n-cp-¶n-Ã. F¶m \K-c-§-fpsS hen-¸wsIm|pw AXn Pohn-¡p¶ hyàn-I-fpsS F®wsIm|pw C¯cw hyàn-Xz-§-fpsS F®w {Iam-Xo-X-ambn hÀ²n-¨n-«p-|v. CXv \nÝ-b-ambpw DXvI-WvTm-P-\-I-am-Wv. B[p-\nI ]T-\-§Ä ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv, \qdn-sem-cmÄ C¯cw {`wi-hy-àn-Xz-§f - psS DS-aI - f - m-sW-¶X - m-Wv. Fgp-¶q-dp-tImSn P\§-fpÅ C¶s¯ `qan-bn CsXmcp hen-bk - w-Jy Xs¶bm-sW¶v a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. C¯cw a\p-jy-cp-|m-Iptamsb¶pw \mw kwibn-¨n-cp-¶p. kml-Nc - y-§f - mWv a\p-jy-kz-`m-hs¯ \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶sX¶ X¯z-Nn-´-bpsS hym]-I-amb AwKo-Imcw \nan¯w Ah amän-bm am{Xw aXn FÃm-¯cw kz`m-h-ssh-I-ey-§fpw Xmt\ amdn-t¸mIpw F¶pw \mw hniz-kn-¨n-cp-¶p. P\n¨ FÃm Ipªp§fpw "\•' \nd-ª-h-cm-sW¶ hnizm-khpw-IqSn CXn-t\m-sSm¸w IqSn-t¨À¶-t¸mÄ ]ns¶ ]d-bm-\p-an-Ã. ]|p-Å-hÀ "sNIp-¯m•mÀ, Zbm-c-ln-XÀ, a\p-jy-ar-K-§Ä, sImSpw{IqcÀ' Fs¶Ãmw hnfn-¨n-cp¶ Cu khn-ti-j-a-\p-jyÀ "tkmtjym-]m¯p-I-sf-t¶m, sskt¡m-]m¯p-I-sft¶m' B[p-\nI sshZyimkv{Xw AS-bm-fs¸-Sp-¯p¶ Cu A\y-P-\-]o-U-\m-lvfm-Z-Nn-¯À (A-P-\-]o-Nn) B[p-\nI \K-c-§-fpsS ASn-sbm-gp-¡p-Ifn [mcmfw \o´n-¯pSn-¡p-¶p-|.v {Kma-§f - n ChÀ Hä-s¸-«p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p. ImcWw Ah-cpsS sNbvXn-I-fpsS Cc-IÄ aäp-Å-h-tcmSv cl-ky-ambn ]d -bp¶h s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ {Kmam-´-co-£-¯n ]c¶v FÃm-hcpw Adnbpw. {Kma-¯n cl-ky-§-fn-Ãm-¯-Xnsâ KpW-h-i-am-Wn-Xv. ]t£, \K-c-§Ä AP-\-]o-Nn-IfpsS hnlm-c-cw-K-§-fmbn amdnbn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Iui-e-§-fnepw _p²n-i-àn-bnepw ChÀ A{KK-Wy-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶X - n-\m (CXv Cu tcmK-¯nsâ khn-ti-jX - b - mWv) Ahsc Xncn-¨d - n-bpI Ffp-¸a - à - . ]|v Hä-s¸-«h - c - m-bn-cp-s¶-¦n C¶v \K-c-§Ä AhÀ¡v kwL-Sn-¡m³ thZn-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Cu kwLm-S-\-¯n\v B¡w Iq«m³ B[p-\nI Bi-b-hn-\n-ab hnh-c{]-hm-l-irwJ-e-bmb CâÀs\äv Hcp thZn-bm-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¶ \á-k-Xy-hp-ap-|v. \K-c-§-fpsS At[m-tem-I-§-fn cl-ky-PohnXw \bn-¨n-cp-¶-hÀ C¶v temI-am-k-Iew ]c-k] v cw LSn-¸n-¡s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. \K-c-¯nsâ FÃm kuI-cy-§-fp-sSbpw \Sp-hn Cusbm-c-]-ISw ]Xn-bn-cn-¸p-s|¶v \mw Xncn-¨-dn-b-Ww. Aev]k - zev]w sshI-ey-ap-Åh - cpw kmaq-ly-`b - a - n-ÃmsX Ch-tcmsSm¸w IqSm³ C¡m-c-W-¯m CS-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. AXn-\m 245

a\pjycdnbm³

A\ysc ]oUn-¸n-¨m-lf v m-Zn-¡p-¶h - c - psS F®w \½psS IW¡pIq«ep-IÄ¡p-]-cn-bm-Wv. \K-c-§-fnse At[m-temI\mb-I-cm-Im³ C¯-c-¡-m-cpsS Xn¡pw Xnc-¡p-am-Wv. Xo{h-hm-Z-]-c-amb aX-\n-e]m-Sp-IÄ¡pw {]mtZ-in-Ih - m-Z§ - Ä¡pw cmjv{So-bk - w-LS- \ - I - Ä¡pw ChÀ shÅhpw hf-hp-am-Wv. C¯cw kwL-S-\-I-fnse ss[cy-imenIfpw cà-km-£n-I-fm-Im³ sh¼p-¶-hcpw Chcnse Gähpw Xo{h-tcm-Kn-IÄXs¶-bm-bncn¡pw. Cusbmcp {]iv\w Ds|¶v ]d-bp-¶X - ,v cmjv{Sob \ne-]m-Sp-Isf "Icn-hmcn' tX¡m³ `c-WI - qSw Is|-¯nb KqV-]² - X - n-bm-bn-«mWv \½Ä a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn-cp-¶X - v.

P\n-X-Itam ssPhn-Itam Bb GXv ]cm-aÀi-§-sfbpw "ico-cim-kv{X-]-c-amb \nÀ®nX' ]cn-I-e] v -\-I-fmbn am{Xw I|v A]-lkn-¡p-I-bmWv \mw sNbvXp-h-¶ncp¶-Xv. GXv kwL-S-\-bnepw C¯-c-¡mÀ D|m-bn-cn-¡pw. Ah-cn I®p-aS- ¨v acn-¡m³ aSn-bn-Ãm¯ hn`m-K¯ - n\p adp-hi - a - mbn asämcp Iq«-cp-|.v AhÀ ZpÀº-ecpw Xmc-Xt- ay\ `b-ap-Åh - c - p-am-W.v ]t£, Imcy-§Ä "hni-I-e\w' sNbvXv AXnsâ DÅ-d-c-l-ky-§Ä shfns¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ Ch-cpsS kmaÀ°yw A\-\y-amWv. GXnepw KqVmtem-N\ Is|-¯m-\pÅ Ch-cpsS Ignhv A]m-c-am-Wv. ChÀ an¡t¸mgpw kwL-S\-Isf ]n¶n \n¶v \bn-¡p-¶-h-cpam-bn-cn-¡pw. kwL-S-\-I-fnse "_p²n-Pohn' hn`m-K-¯n-emWv Ch-cpsS Øm\w.

Ch-cpsS {][m-\-k-hn-ti-jX AhÀ kwL-S-\-I-fn Ft¸mgpw sNdp-tN-cn-Ifp-|m¡n AXnsâ A\n-tj-[y-t\-Xm-¡-fmbn hncmPn-¡pw F¶-XmWv. _p²n-im-enXzwsIm|v AhÀ F¶pw kwLS-\-I-fn Hgn-hm-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯-h-cmbn XpS-cp-¶p-ap-|m-Ipw. F¦nepw AhÀ XpS-cp-¶n-S-t¯mfw Imew B kwL-S-\-bn Hcn¡epw tNcn-t¸m-scm-gn-hm-Ip-I-bn-Ã. am{X-a-Ã, cmjv{Sob ka-hmbw Bh-iy-ambn hcp¶ L«§-fn C¯-c-¡mÀ \S-¯p¶ CS-s]-Sep-IÄ ImcWw Hcn-¡epw AXv kw`-hn-¡msX t]mIpw. X½n-e-Sn¸n-¡p-I, ChÀt]mepw Adnbm¯, Ch-cpsS hnt\m-Z-am-Wv. kwib-{K-kvX-amb Hcp a\-Êm-bn-cn¡pw AhÀ¡p-Å-Xv. AXn-\m GXnepw KqVm-tem-N\ Is|¯n GXv kÔnbpw ka-hmbhpw ChÀ XIÀ¯p-I-f-bpw. GXp-Xcw aX-ZÀi-\-am-bmepw cmjv{So-b{]-Xy-b-im-kv{X-am-bmepw Ah-sbÃmw X§-fpsS at\m-L-S-\-bv¡\p-kr-Xa - mbn hymJym-\n¨v Ah Xo{h-hm-Z] - c - a - mbn amäm-\pÅ C¡q«-cpsS Ignhv \nkvXpeam-Wv. Ah-cmWv bYmÀ°-¯n kwL-S-\I-fpsS "Xe-th-Z\'IÄ; s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯n-sâ-bpw. \K-c§ -- -fn s]mXp-ka - q-l§ - f - psS "AXn-cp-Iq-«'- §-fmbn [mcmfw kwL-S\ - I - f - p | - mIpw. Ch-bpsS cq]o-Ic - W - ¯ - n\pw C¡q-«c - psS ap³ssI D|mbn-cn-¡pw. aX-Kq-Vh - n-izm-k§fpsSbpw \nKqVZÀi-\§ - f - p-sSbpw 246

\m«n³]pdhpw \KchpwþHsc-¯n-t\m«w

cmjv{So-b-Xo-{h-hmZ sNdp-Iq-«-§-fp-sSbpw {]mtZ-in-I-hm-Z-kw-L-§fp-sSbpw D]-Úm-Xm-¡Ä Ch-cm-bn-cn-¡pw. B[p-\nI P\m-[n]Xy kaq-l-§Ä¡pw Ah-bpsS kpK-a-amb \S-¯n-¸n\pw C¯c-¡mÀ Hcp bYmÀ° `ojWnXs¶-bm-sW¶v kam-[m-\-{]nbÀ Xncn-¨-dn-tb-|-Xp-|v. kzIm-cy-XI - Ä, kzmX-{´y-§Ä, P\m-[n-]X - ym-hI - m-i§ - Ä, XpeyX F¶nh ]cn-c-£n-¡m³ \mw InWªp {ian-¡p-t¼mÄ, kacw sN¿p-t¼mÄ C¯-c-samcp {]iv\w-IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp-¯p-thWw \nb-{´-W-§-sf-¸-änbpw \nb-a-§-sf-¸-änbpw \S¯p¶ NÀ¨-IÄ hnI-kn¨p htc|-Xv. aäp -a-\p-jy-cpsS thZ\ Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ignbm-¯, AXn ckw Is|-¯p¶hÀIqSn DÄs¡m-Åp¶ Hcp kaq-l-¯n-emWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-sX¶v ad-¶p-t]m-I-cp-Xv. FÃm-hcp-tSbpw kzmX-{´y-¯n-sâ Ah-Im-ih - i - ¯p-\n¶p \mw s]mcp-Xpt¼mÄ B kzmX{´y¯nsâ D¯-c-hm-ZnXzhiw Gsä-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯-hÀIqSn DÄs¡m-Åp¶ Hcp kaq-l-amWv \ap¡p Npänep-ap-Å-Xv. B[p-\nI P\m-[n-]-Xy-t_m-[-¯nsâ ap¶n ac-W-in£ Hgnhm-t¡-|X - p-Xs - ¶-bm-W.v ImcWw P\m-[n-]X - y-¯n in£ Hcmsf \ho-I-cn-¡m-\pÅ, AbmÄ¡v kzbw \ho-I-cn-¡m-\pÅ, kml-N-cykr-jSv n- Hcp-¡p-¶- H¶mWv. AXp-Xs - ¶-bmWv th|-Xpw. AÃmsX aäp-Å-hÀ¡v "]mT'amIm³ Hcmsf "amXrIm']c-ambn in£n-¡p-IbÃm th|-Xv. P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n Ah-km-\s¯ Bfpw {][m-\s¸-«-hÄX-s¶-bm-Wv. ]t£, ac-W-in£ Hgn-hm-¡p-t¼mÄ, PohnXm-h-km\whsc Pbn-en-en-tS-|n-h-cp-¶-hÀ D|m-Ip-sa¶pw \mw AdnbWw. Imc-Ww, ]pd-¯n-d-§n-bm in£-In-«nb sXäp-Xs¶ AhÀ ho|pw BhÀ¯n-¡pw. AXm-b-Xv, Poh-]-cy´w in£ Ignªv ]pd-¯p-hn-Sm³ Ign-bm-¯-hÀ Ds|¶v P\m-[n-]-Xy-hm-Zn -I-fmb \mw Adnªncn¡Ww.

247

Hcp aZy-hn-Nm-cw

\mw ImWp¶ acp-¶p-IÄ FÃmw-Xs¶, {]mWn-If - p-sSbpw P´p-¡f - p-sSbpw Blm-c¯ - n-\n-cb - m-Im-Xn-cn-¡m³, sNSnIÄ Ah-cpsS sNdp-¯p \n¸pIÄ¡mbn hnI-kn-¸n-s¨ -Sp-¯-Xm-Wv. ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-ambn, Imän-s\-Xnsc `qan-bn thcp-dn-¸n¨v \ne-\n¶v hfÀ¶p hnI-kn-¡m-\mWv AhsbÃmw {ian-¨-Xv. hf-cm³ A\p-tbmPyamb CS-§-fn \n¶v Ahsc ASn-t¨m-Sn-¡m³ BZyw Imäv am{Xta D|mbn-cp-¶p-Åq. ]n¶o-SmWv sNdp-{]m-Wn-IÄsXm«v h³ar-K§Ähsc cq]-s¸-«-Xv. Xn¶m³ h-cp-t¼mÄ HmSnt¸m-Im³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶X - n-\m sNdp-¯p \n¸p-IÄ¡v apÅpIÄ sXm«v Acp-Nn-bp-f-hm-¡p-¶, ZpÀ¤-Ôw- h-an-¡p-¶, a\w]n-c«pw OÀ±n-bp-ap-fh - m-¡p-¶, aXn-{`-aa - p-fh - m-¡p-¶, t]in -IÄ Ab-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶, ac-W-ap-f-hm-¡p¶ hnhn-[-X-c¯n-epÅ cmk-h-kvXp-¡Ä Ah-bpsS Ce-I-fnepw X|pI-fnepw sXmen-bn-epw ]g-§-fnepsaÃmw hnI-kn-¸n¨v tiJ-cn¨p hbv¡p-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. C§s\ sNSn-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n¨ Cu cmk-h-kvXp-¡fmWv C¶v acp-¶m-bpw am\kn-tImÃm-kZ- m-bI - a - mbpw \mw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶X - v. CtX {]mWn-Is - fbpw P´p-¡s - fbpw {]P-\\ - {- ]-{In-bbv¡v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ sNSn-If - pw ac-§fpw Xp\n-bp-¶X - ph-gn-bmWv ]qhnse tX\pw kpK-Ôhpw ]g § - f - pw Ahbnse am[p-cy-hp-saÃmw D|mb-X.v aWw-]n-Sn¨v tX³IpSn-¡m³ h|pw Cu¨bpw ]q¼m-äbpw FÃmw h¶ -t¸mÄ ]cm-KWw \S¶p. AtX-t]mse ]gw Xn¶v hn¯v h-en-s¨-dn-ª-t¸mÄ Hcp Zn¡nÂ\n¶pw asämcp Zn¡nte¡v a¡sf amän-]mÀ¸n-¡m\pw Ignªp. C§s\ tImSn-¡-W-¡n\v hÀjs¯ ]c-k] v -c-k-l-I-c-W-¯nsâbpw sNdp-¯p\n-e] v n-sâbpw IY-bmWv k¦oÀ®Po-hn-I-fp-sS- C-S-bnse ]cn-Wm-aw.

Cu Iq«¯n sNSn-Ifpw IqWp-Ifpw hnI-kn-¸n s¨Sp¯ cmk- L - S - \ - I fmWv Pohn- I - f psS t]in- I Ä Abªv ZpÀº-e-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xpw a\-Ênsâ Xmfw sXän248

Hcp aZy-hn-Nm-cw

¡-p¶-Xpamb Nne cmk-hk - X v p-¡Ä-. B{^n-¡b - nse Hcp a - c - ¯ - nsâ I\n-IÄ Xn-¶p¶ FÃm- ar-K-§fpw atZm-•-¯-cm-Ipw. Cu atZm-•¯X B ac-¯nsâ Ipcp-¡Ä FÃm-bn-Shpw hnX-dp-¶X - n-\n-Sh - c - p¯pw F¶pw \½Ä¡v ImWmw. AXn-\m ac-¯n\v A\p-Iq-ehpw. adn-¨,v arK-§sf sNdp-¡m³ hnI-kn-¸n-¨X - m-sW-¦nepw sNSn-If - nse cmkh-kvXp-¡Äs¡Ãmw-Xs¶ C¶v acp-¶nsâ ]¦mWv a\p-jy-cpsS CS-bn DÅ-Xv. hnj-h-kvXp-¡-fpsS A\p-]mXw amän Ah t\À ¸n¨pw Ipdp-¡nbpw CS-I-eÀ¯n D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xphgn A]-I-SIm-cn-bmb hnj-h-kvXp-¡Ä \½Ä¡v "acp-¶m'¡n amäm³ Ign-bpsa¶v a\p-jyÀ Is|-¯n. Cu Is|-¯-en\v kam-\-amb H¶mWv aZy-¯n-\pw ab-¡p-a-cp-¶n-\p-ap-Å-Xv. temI-s¯-hn-sS-bp-apÅ tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡m-cp-sSbnSbn t\m¡nbmepw aXn-{`-a-ap-f-hm-¡p¶ hkvXp-¡Ä BNm-c-]qÀÆw AhÀ `pPn-¡p-¶Xp-Im-Wmw. an¡-hmdpw FÃm Bß-t_m-[m-t\z-jW - § f - psS ASn-bnepw C¯cw hkvXp-¡f - psS A\p-jT v m-\` - p-P\ - a - p-|m-Imdp-|v. t_m[-¯nsâ Hfn-Ø-e-§-fpsS Is|-¯-ep-Ifpw AXo-{µnbm-\p-`-h-§fpsS aqÀÑ-I-fp-saÃmw A\p-jvTm-\-§-fpsS Ah-km-\ s¯ Cu ]m\-]o-bq-j-§-fn-eqsS AhÀ km[n-s¨-Sp-¡m-dp-|v. hmsam-gn-bmbn h¶Xpw FgpX-s¸«Xpamb FÃm ]ucm-WnI {KÙ§ fnepw C¯cw hkvXp-¡-fpsS A\p-jvTm-\-]-c-amb Bl-cWhpw AXn-t\m-sSm¸whcp¶ Bßo-bm-\p-`-h-§fpw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn«p|v. tkma-c-khpw AXn-sem-¶m-Wv. IS-tªm hmän-tbm Hcp sNSn-bpsS "k¯v' FSp¯v IpSn-¨m B sNSn-bpsS DÅnse "DuÀ Öw' \ap¡v e`n-¡p-sa¶ hnizm-k-amWv Cu {]hr¯n-bpsS ]n¶nep-ÅX - v. FÃm Pohn-If - p-sSbpw "DÅn-'e-S§ - n-bn-cn-¡p¶ cl-ky-amb DuÀÖ-¯n-epÅ hnizm-ka - mWv FÃm ]g-bI - me At\z-jW - § - f - ptSbpw ]n¶n-ep-Å-Xv. B At\z-j-W-¯n a\p-jyÀ Is|-¯nb hninjvS ]m\o-b-§-fmWv BZy-Ime aZy-§-sfÃmw-Xs¶. A¡m-cW-¯m-emWv BZy-Im-e-§-fn Cu ]m\o-b-§Ä¡v Gähpw D¶-Xamb Bßo-b-N-S-§-pI-fn A{K-Øm-\-ap-|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Bßobu¶Xy-§-fn-te-¡pÅ hmXm-b-\-§-fmbn Ahsb I|n-cp-¶p. ab¡pacp-¶p-Ifpw BßobtemI-t¯-¡pÅ cl-ky-Xm-t¡mepIfmbn hÀ¯n-¨n-cp-¶p. C¶pw temI-am-k-I-e-apÅ tKm{X-hÀ¤§Ä Chsb ImWp-¶Xpw A§-s\-Xs - ¶. \½psS \m«nse I©mhn\v "kzman' F¶ A]-c-\m-a-t[bw BÀÖn-¡p-hm³ Ign-ªXv C¡m-c-Ww-sIm-|m-Wv. Imcy-§Ä C§-s\-sbm-s¡-bm-sW-¦nepw C¶v a\p-jy-ka - qlw H¶-S¦w aZy-s¯bpw ab-¡pa-cp-¶n-s\bpw F§s\ ssIImcyw sN¿-W-sa-¶-dn-bmsX he-bp-I-bmWv. {]tXy-In¨pw hnhn-[-X-«p-I249

a\pjycdnbm³

fn Ign-bp¶ hn`m-K-§-fpÅ \s½-t]m-se-bpÅ kaq-l-§-fnÂ. ae-a-S-¡p-I-fnÂ\n¶pw s]mXp-k-aq-l-a-²y-¯n-te¡v C\nbpw ImÂsh-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ tKm{X-ka - q-l§ - ÄsXm-«v, Irjn-bn-te¡v Imeq¶nb kaqlwapX sslsS¡v ]mÀ¡p-I-fnÂam{Xw Ign-bp¶ "]¦p'Ifpw "sS¡n'Ifpwh-sc-bpÅhÀ AS-§p¶ Hcp kaq-la - mWv \½p-tS-Xv. ChnsS FÃm-hÀ¡pw Htc-t]mse a\-Ên-em¡n A\p-kcn- ¡ m³ ]mI- ¯ n- e pÅ Hcp \nbawsIm|p- h - c nI Akm- ² y a - m-sW¶v \mw BZywXs¶ AdnbWw. CXv aZy-¯nsâ Imcy-¯n am{Xw HXp-§p¶ H¶-Ã. F¦nepw I®-S-¨n-cp-«m¡n Imcy-¯n \n¶pw Hfn-t¨m-SmsX CsX-§s\ kmam-\y-ambn a\-Ên-em¡n ssI Im-cyw-sN-¿m-sa¶v \aps¡m¶p t\m¡mw.

XpS-¡-¯nÂXs¶ c|v Im-cy-§Ä \mw k½-Xn-t¡-|n-h-cpw.

H¶m-a-Xmbn aZy-¯nsâ Btcm-Ky-]-chpw kmaq-ly-hp-amb A]-IS-§Ä Nq-|n-¡m-Wn¨v AXns\ kaq-la - ² - y-¯p \n¶v \njvIm-k\w sN¿m-sa¶ \ne-]m-Snsâ hyÀ°-X. c|m-a-Xm-bn, \nb-{´-W-§-fmh-iy-anà AXv It¼mf\nb-{´-W-¯n\p hnt[-b-ambn kzbw \nb {- ´n-¨p-sImÅpw F¶ \ne-]m-Snsâ hyÀ°-Xb - pw. aZy-¯nsâ hfsc \nb-{´n-Xa - mb D]-t`mKw Nnebn\w Iym³k-dns\bpw lrt{Zm-K§ - sfbpw sNdp-¡p-sa-¶pÅ B[p-\nIsshZy-im-kv{X-bdnhpw H¶pwXs¶ AXnsâ Aan-X -D-]-t`m-K-¯m Df-hm-Ip¶ A\m-tcm-Ky¯n\pw kmaq-ly-I-jvS-\-jvS-§Ä¡pw adp-]-Sn-bm-Ip-¶n-Ã. aZyhpw ab-¡p-a-cp¶pw Bk-àn-bp-f-hm-¡p-¶Xpw A¡m-c-W-¯m \nb-{´-W-aÀln-¡p-¶-Xp-am-Wv. "aZyw hnj-amWv, AXp|m-¡-cp-Xv, sImSp-¡-cp-Xv, IpSn¡-cpXv' F¶ Nnc-{]-Xn-jvTt - \-Snb kZz-N\w \ntcm-[\ - ¯ - nsâ bpàn-bmWv \ap¡p Xcp-¶-Xv. {io\m-cm-b-W-³ C´y-bn CXv HmXp¶-Im-e¯pXs¶ Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy\m-Sp-I-fnenXv \ntcm-[n-¡p-I-bp |mbn. Bbn-c¯ - nsXmÅm-bn-c¯n]s¯m-¼XpsXm«v Bbn-c¯ - nsXm-Åm-bn-c¯ - n-ap-¸¯ - n-c|p hsc, ]Xn-aq-¶p-hÀjw. \ntcm-[\ - a - p -f-hm-¡nb sISp-Xn-I-fnÂ\n¶pw B cmPyw C¶p-hsc tamNn-X-ambn-«n-Ã. Bh-iy-¡m-cpÅ Hcp- k-aq-l¯ - n GXnsâ \ntcm-[\hpw B kaq-ls¯ A¸msS Ipä-hÂIr-Xa - m-¡p-It - b-bp-Åq. s]s«¶v [\-ap-|m-¡m-\pÅ Hcp Ipdp-¡p-hgn Zcn-{Z-k-aq-l-¯n\v Xpd-¶psIm-Sp-¡p-I-sb¶ {]{InbbpsS Bcw-`amW-Xv. A[n-Im-cn-Isf sNdp-¡m-\pÅ kz`m-hnI B´-cnItNmZ-\bpw kml-kn-I-ambn Pohn-¡p-I-sb¶ asämcp kz`m-hn-I-tNm-Z-\bpw ta¸-dª Ipdp¡p-h-gn-bp-ambn ssItImÀ¡p-t¼mÄ Hcp kaqlw A¸msS IpähÂIr-X-am-Im³ asäm-¶pw-th-|.

CXpX-s¶-bm-bn-cp¶p Ata-cn-¡³ kaq-l-¯n\v kw`-hn-¨-Xv. \man¶v tIc-f-¯n Gä-hpw- Iq-Sp-X D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ "am^nb' 250

Hcp aZy-hn-Nm-cw

sb¶ {]tbmK¯n\v \mµn-Ip-dn-¨- kwLw Ata-cn-¡-bn-ep-S-se-Sp¯Xv A¶m-Wv. Cä-en-bnse knkn-en-bnÂ\n¶pw Ata-cn-¡-bnte¡v IpSn-tb-dnb tKm{X-aq-ey-§-fnÂ\n¶pw tamNn-X-cm-Im¯ hn`m-K-amWv Cu am^n-bmkw-L-¯nsâ Xmbvthcm-bn-¯oÀ¶Xv. kwL-Sn-X-ambn \n¡m\pw tKm{X- ¯- e- h - t \m-S pam{Xw Iqdp -{]-Jym-]n-¡m\pw Ign-bp-¶-Xphgn s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯nsâ aqey-§fnÂ\n¶pw hn«p-\n¡m\pw A¸w-t]mepw Ipä-t_m[w t]dmsX B´-cn-Ik - w-LÀjw A\p-`h - n-¡msX Ipä-Ir-Xy-§f - n-teÀs¸-Sm-\p a-hÀ¡p Ign-ªp. Cu {]iv\w FÃm- k-¦oÀ®-k-aq-l-§-fp-sSbpw A´À[mcbmWv. tXm¡p-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw hym]-I-am-hp-Ibpw AXv aäp k¦oÀ® {]iv\-§Ä¡v hgn-h-bv¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kzc-£bv¡v tXm¡p-]t- bm-Kn-t¡| Bhiyw km[m-cW - K - X - n-bn P\-§Ä¡v D|m-Im-dn-Ã. ]t£, \ntcm-[-\-¯m kwL-SnX Ipähm-fn-kw-L-§Ä cq]-s¸-«-t¸mÄ FÃm-hcpw tXm¡v [cn-t¡-|n-hcnIbpw AXv hym]-I-amb A{I-a-§Ä¡v Imc-W-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ata-cn-¡³P\X A-¸msS Ipä-hÂIr-X-k-aq-l-am-Im³ CXv hgn-sbm-cp¡n. C{X-b-[nIw P\-§Ä Pbn-en In-S-¡p¶ asämcp kaq-l-an-¶n-Ã.

IqSmsX aZy-ap-|m-¡m-\pÅ kt¦-Xn-I-hnZy hfsc efn-Xhpw A¡m-c-W-¯m Bh-iy-ap-Å-hÀ¡v X§-fpsS ASp-¡-f-bn D|m-¡m\pw Ign-bp-¶X - p-sIm-|,v \ntcm-[n-XI - m-e¯v Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy\m-Sp-I-fpsS DÄ\m-S³ {]tZ-i-§-fn-se-Ãmw-Xs¶ hoSp-I-fn aZyw hmän-sb-Sp-¡m³ XpS-§n. AXp-hsc kv{XoI-fpsS aZy-]m\w BtLm-j-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn HXp-§n-\n-¶n-S-¯p-\n¶pw ssZ\w-Zn-\Po-hn-X-hy-h-lm-c-ambn amdn.

Hcp cmPys¯ GXv \nb-ahpw AXnsâ AXnÀ¯n-bnÂ\n¶pw aq¶p ssa AIsehsc am{Xta A[n-Imckm[p-Xbp|mbn-cn¡p-I-bpÅq F¶ A´Àt±-io-b-\n-b-a-adnbp¶ Ipä-hm-fn-IÄ henb I¸-ep-I-fn Imkn-t\mbpw _mdpw XoÀ¯v IS-en aq¶v ssa- AIse \¦q-ca - p-d¸ - n-¨p-In-S¶ - p. Bh-iy-¡mÀ sNdp-tXm-WnI-fn AhnsS F¯n-t¨À¶p. tXmWn-bnse DÃm-k-bm-{X-bvs¡mSp-hn aZy-]m-\-hp-ap|m-b-t¸mÄ Bh-iy-¡m-cp-sS-sb®w A\pZn\w hÀ²n-¨p-h-¶p. A§s\ "shfp-¡m³tX-¨Xv ]m|m-'sb¶ ]g-s©mÃv A£-cmÀ°-¯n Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fn km£m-XvIr-X-am-bn. Ah-km\w aZy-hn-ap-à-am-¡m³ Dt±-in-s¨mcp-¡nb \nbaw \ncp-]m-[nIw ]n³hen¡pIbmWp|m-b-Xv. aZymkàn Ipd-ª-Xp-anà hfsc Ipä-hÂIr-X-amb Hcp kaqlw cq]s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu Ncn{Xw Cu hnj-b-¯n \ap¡v Hcp \Ã-h-gn-Im-«n-bm-Wv. aZy-]m\w Hcp- k-aq-l-¯nÂ\n¶pw C\n Hgn251

a\pjycdnbm³

ªp-t]m-In-söv \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. AXnsâ D]-t`mKw \nb{´-W-hn-t[-b-am-¡m³ F§s\ Ign-bp-sa¶pam{Xw t\m¡n-bm a-Xn. "Ipä-I-c'-sa¶ kmaq-ly-k-Zm-Nm-c-]-c-amb kao]\amWv aZy-]m \\nb{´W¯nsâ bYmÀ° i{Xp. aZyw ho«n-\p-ÅnÂ\n¶pw A\ys¸-Sp¯n \nÀ¯p-¶-Xn-\m AXnsâ D]-t`m-K-k-a-b¯v Bcpw \nb-{´n-¡m-\n-Ãm-sX-h-cp-¶p. Cu A]-I-S-amWv hnI-kn-X-k-aq-l§Ä hoSp-IÄ¡p-Ån D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xphgn Hgn-hm-¡n-b-Xv. D]-t`m-K-¯nse anXXzw hoSp-IÄ¡p-Ån D]-tbm-Kn-¨m D|m¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bpw. aZy-]m-\-k-Z-Ênse _Ôp-P-\-km-¶n[yw kl-P-\nb-{´-W-ap-|m-¡pw. A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-ambn HcmÄ aZy-]n -¡p-¶-XpI-|m AXnsâ Imc-W-am-cm-bm\pw AbmÄ¡pÅ {]iv\¯n-\v aäp ]cn-lm-cw tXSm\pw aäp-Åh - À ap³ssI-sbSp-¡psa¶p-Å-XmWv CXnsâ sa¨w. aZyw ]ncn-ap-dp-¡-¯n\v Hcbhp-hcp-¯p-sa-¶p-Å-Xp-sIm-|pw A¸w DÃmkw {]Zm\w sN¿p-sa-¶Xp- s Im- | p- a mWv AXn\v ]pdtI P\w- \- S - ¡ p- ¶ - X v . F¶m AXnsâ Bk-àn-bp-f-hm-¡m-\pÅ Ign-hmWv AXn-\p-Ånse "]mc'. AXn-\m \nb-{´-W-km-²y-X-bp-Å-bn-S-§-fn aZy-]m\w \S-¯m-\-\p-h-Zn-¨m Ah-cpsS apI-fn "Hcp I®p'|mIpw. ho«nÂsIm-|p-t]m-Im³ Ign-bm-¯X - n-\mepw Bh-iyw-Ig - nªv _m¡n-h-¶Xv kq£n¨v h¨v ]n¶oSv D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯-Xn -\mepw hm§n-b-Ip-¸n -Ip-Sn¨pXoÀ¡p-I-sb¶ ZuXyw \nÀÆ-ln-¡m\pÅ _m²yX CXv D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Xp\n-bp¶ FÃmhcp-sSbpw Npa-en h¶p-]-Xn-¡pw. C¯-c-samcp Zpc-´-Im-e-¯mWv \½psS kaq-l-§-sf-Ãmw-X-s¶. hnI-kn-X-k-aq-l-§Ä CXv kZm-Nm-c-]-cambn Ipä-Ir-Xy-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ãm-¯-Xn-\m hoSp-I-fpsS kpc-£n-Xamb CS-§-fn Hcp-k-a-b¯v D]-tbm-Kn¨ aZy-¯nsâ _m¡n AS¨phbv¡m\pw ]n¶oSv Ign-¡m-\pÅ kuI-cy-sam-cp-¡p-¶Xphgn Aan-X-a-Zy-]m-\-sa¶ tcmKm-hØ FÃm-h-tcbpw _m[n¡msX t\m¡m³ AhÀ¡v Ign-bp-¶p-|v. kZm-Nm-c-]-c-amb kao]-\-sa-Sp-¡p¶ kaq-l-§-sf-Ãmw- aZyw-sXm-Sp-¶-hscsbÃmw-Xs¶ Aan-X-a-Zy-]m-\n-I-fm-¡m-dp|v. Chn-sS-bmWv \ntcm-[-\-¯nsâ bpàn aZy-\nb-{´-W-¯n-\p-X-Ip-¶-Xà F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv. aZyw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ \qdp-t]-cn ]¯pt]-sc-¦nepw Aan-X-aZy-]m-\m-k-àn-bpsS e£-W-§Ä Im«p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. A¯-c¡mÀ AXp]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Xp\n-bm-Xn-cn-t¡-|X - p-|.v A-Xpt]mse Ahsc AXp-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¨p-Iq-Sm-¯-Xpam-Wv. AXv Ub-_ä - nkp-Åb - mÄ ]©km-cb - p-]t - bm-Kn-¡c - p-sX¶v ]d-bp-¶X - p -t]m-se-bm-Wv. CsXmcp kmaqly D¯-c-hm-ZnXz-amWv. ho«p-Imcpw 252

Hcp aZy-hn-Nm-cw

\m«p-Im-cpw-tNÀ¶v \nÀÆ-ln-t¡-|p¶ kmaqly D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw. Aev]w am\kn-It- cm-Ka - p-Åh - À aZyw D]-tbm-Kn-¨m AXv IqSp-X hj-fm-Ip-sa¶v \mw HmÀ¡-Ww. `mcy-amsc sh«n-s¡m-Ãp¶, a{´hm-Z-¯nepw KqVm-tem-N-\m-]-²-Xn-I-fnepw hniz-kn-¡p-¶- kwi-btcm-Kn-IfpsS F®w Zn\hpw hÀ²n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw aZy-¯n\v \à ]¦p-|v. CXv aZy-¯nsâ \ntj-[-h-iam-Wv. F¶n-cp-¶mepw aZy-¯n\v kmaq-ln-I-amb Hcp am\-ap-|v. NmbIp-Sn-t]mse, kmaq-lyamb Hscmcpa Df-hm-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kl-PI-gn-hmWv FÃm -hn-e-¡p-I-tfbpw t`Zn¨v AXp-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ a\pjysc t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶-L-S-Iw. AXn\v a\p-jy-cpsS AXn-cp-t_m-[¯nsâ iàn- Ip-d-bv¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ Xncn-¨-dn-hmWv Imem-Ime-§-fmbn AXv Hcp kmaq-ly-]m-\o-b-ambn \ne-\n¡p-¶-Xn\v Imc-Ww. B´-cn-Ia - mbn Ab-hp-hc - p¯n A\y-s\-¶ t - _m-[¯ - n\v aqÀ¨-Ip-db - ¡ v m³ aZy-¯n\p Ign-bpw. CXp-sIm-|mWv FÃm _nkn\-Êv ao-än-§p-Ifnepw kam-[m-\-NÀ¨-Ifnepw Ah-km\w aZy-]m-\k-ZÊ - p-If - p-|m-Ip-¶X - v. AXn\m \nb-{´-Wh - n-t[-ba - mbn AXp]tbm-Kn-¡m³ \mw ]pXp-Xe - a - p-dsb ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-Ib - mWv th|-X,v AXm-Is« hoSn-\p-Ån km[n-X-am-Ip-¶-t]mse asä§pw km²ya-Ã. \ntcm-[-\-¯nsâ bpàn H¶n\pw Hcn-¡epw Hcp ]cn-lm-c-a-Ã. \nb-{´-W-amWv th|-Xv. hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-§-fn aZyw hm§m\pw IpSn-¡m\pw {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bm-tI| Bh-iy-ap-|v. AXpt]mse Xs¶ tjm¸p- I - f n HcmÄ Aan- X - a - Z y- ] m- \ - ¯ n- t eÀs¸- « m "Xm¦Ä¡v Bh-iy-¯n-\mbn' F¶v ]d-bp¶ IS-bp-S-a-IÄh-sc-bp|v. kZm-Nm-c] - c - a - à - m¯ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-Ib - m-sW-¦n C¯csamcp kmaq-ly-\nb-{´-W¯ - n\v km²y-Xb - p-|v. AsÃ-¦n IpSn¡p-¶-h\pw sImSp-¡p-¶-h\pw ImWp-¶-h\pw Htc-t]mse Ipähm-fn-I-fmbn tXm¶p-¶-Xn-\m Bcpw CS-s]-Sm-Xn-cn-¡pIsb¶ "Ipä-I-c-amb A\mØ'bn \mw sN¶p]Xn-¡pw.

ChnsS, aZy-¯nÂ\n¶pw A[nIw AI-e-an-Ãm¯ ab-¡p-a-cp¶p-IÄ IqSp-X `oI-chpw AXp-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-hÀ aZy-]m\nIsf¡mÄ IqSp-X A]-I-S-I-c-amb GtXm sXäp-sN-¿p-¶-Xmbn s]mXpth Hcp kwkmchpw A`n-{]mb sFIyhpw FÃm \mSp-I-fnepap-|v. CXv aZyþkn-K-cäv -hy-h-km-bn-Ifpw kÀ¡m-cp-Ifpw IqSnt¨À¶v \nÀ½n-s¨-Sp¯ Hcm-i-b-{]-N-c-W-am-Wv. Bbn-c-¯n-s¯mÅm-bn-c¯n Adp-]Xp-I-fn Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fn N«¸Sn PohnX-¯nÂ\n¶pÅ tamN-\-sa¶ \ne-bn ]e-hn[ kmwkv ¡m-cn-I-ta-J-e-I-fnÂ, ]n¡m-e¯v "ln¸n'IÄ F¶ Adn-b-s¸« bph-P\ {]Xn-tj-[-\o-¡w D|m-bn. AwKo-IrX am\-kn-tIm-Ãm-k253

a\pjycdnbm³

Zm-b-I-amb aZyw Hgn-hm¡n ab-¡p-a-cp¶v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ ioew aäv {]Xn-tj-[-§-tfm-sSm-¸w AhÀ Bcw-`n-¨p. CXn-s\-Xnsc kÀ ¡mÀ t\Xr-Xz-¯n Bcw-`n¨ Bi-b-{]Nc-W-¯n-emWv ab-¡p-acp¶ns\-Xn-cm-bpÅ C¯-c-samcp \o¡-ap|m-b-Xv. a\p-jy-\nÀ½nX-amb Nne ab-¡p-a-cp-¶p-IÄ aZy-s¯-¡mÄ Aev]w hocyw IqSn bXm-sW-¦nepw s]mXpth aZy-¯nsâ D]-t`m-K-¯m-ep-f-hm-Ip¶ A]-I-S-§sf AXn-\p-ap-Åq. ]t£, AX-§-s\-bà F¶pÅ {]N-cWw imkv{Xo-b-a-Ã. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ {]Nc-W-¯nsâ Gähpw henb Cc ]mhw I©m-hm-Wv. \nÀ¯Ww F¶p hnNm-cn-¨mepw km²yaà F¶ Xc-¯n BÀ¯nbpf-hm-¡p¶ H¶-à I©mhv. aZyhpw ]pI-bn-ebpw aäp-ab - ¡ - p-ac - p-¶p-Ifpw Df-hm-¡p-¶ BÀ¯n I©m-hp-f-hm-¡n-Ã. ]t£, AXn-s\-Xn-cm-bpÅ \ne-]mSv taÂkqNn-¸n¨ aZy-tem-_n-bpsSbpw knK-cävtem_n-bp-sSbpw Iq«mb{i-a¯nsâ DXv]-¶-am-Wv. X§fpsS DXv]-¶-§Ä "am\y'amsW¶v hcp¯n IqSp-X hn¸-\b - p-|m-¡p¶-Xn AhÀ hnP-bn-¡pI Xs¶ sNbvXp. Imcy-hn-h-c-an-Ãm¯ "\•-\n-dª' kmaqly D²m-cIÀ Cu h³InS I¨-hS - ¡ - m-cpsS ssIbm-fp-If - m-bn-¯oÀ¶p. kXy¯nÂ, I©m-hn-t\mfw am\-ÊnI DÃm-kZ- m-bI - hpw BÀ¯n Df-hm¡m-¯Xpamb asämcp acp-¶n-Ã. aZyw, ]pI-bn-e, aäp ab¡pacp-¶p IÄ F¶n-h-bnÂ\n¶v kmh-[m\w Hcmsf tamNn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡m³ Hcn-S\ - n-e¡ - mc-\mbn D]-tbmKn-¡m³t]mepw I©mhv tbmKy-\m-W.v I©mhp Irjnsbbpw Irjn-¡m-scbpw Ct¸mÄ ASn-¨-aÀ¯p-¶co-Xn-bn ASn-¨-aÀt¯| bmsXm-cm-h-iy-hpw bYmÀ°-¯nen-Ã. ]t£, CXv I©mhv bmsXmcp \nb-{´-Wh - p-an-ÃmsX D]tbmKn¡m\pÅ ssek³kmbn ImW-cp-Xv. Imc-Ww, AXv A`n-\n-thiw krjvSn-¡nà F¶p-Å-tX-bpÅq, aäv Xc-¯n-epÅ Ipg-¸-§-fp-|m¡pw. \nb-{´-W-§fpw anXXzhpw GXv am\-kn-tIm-ÃmkZmbI hkvXp-¡-fpsS D]-t`m-K-¯nepw \mw ]men-t¡-|-Xp-|v.

254

lnwkbpw kkym-lm-chpw

""tlm! F\n¡o arK-§sf sImÃp-¶Xv ImWmt\ h¿.

Rm³ Hcp kky-`p-¡m-Im³ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. H¶p-an-sænepw {Iqc-X-sb-¦nepw Hgn-hm-¡m-atÃm.'' an¡-t¸mgpw "ip²cpw' "\nÀ½ea\-kvIcpw' ]d-bp¶ Hcp Imcy-amWn- X v . ]t£, Hcp kky- ` p- ¡ m- I p- ¶ Xphgn \n§Ä sImÃp-¶Xv, {Iqcambn s]cp-am-dp-¶Xv kXy-¯n Hgnhm-¡p-¶pt|m? Poh-t\msS Xe-bc - n-sª-Sp-¡p¶ Noc-I sfbpw hdp¯pw ]pgp-§nbpw thhn¨pw FSp-¡p¶ [m\y§sfbpw \n§Ä sImÃp-¶ntÃ? "`£W irwJe-'bpsS Xe-¸¯p hkn-¡p¶ k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-fn-sem-cp-Iq-«-amb a\p-jyÀ¡v asä´p t]mwh-gn-bmWv kXy-¯n-ep-ÅXv? BSn-s\-bm-bmepw amSn-s\-bm-bmepw tImgn-sb-bm-bmepw Noc-bm-bmepw tNmf-am-bmepw s\Ãm-bm-epw tKmX-¼mbmepw Xh-f-bmbmepw FÃm-än-s\bpw \mw sImÃpI Xs¶-bm-Wv. Hscmä hyXymkw am{X-am-Wp-ÅX - v. \mw Ah bn GXp-am-bn-«mWv XmZm-ßy-s¸-Sp-¶Xv F¶-Xp-am-{Xw. sIme F¶ \ne-bn s\Ãp ]pgp-§p-¶Xpw amSns\ Adp-¡p-¶Xpw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. c|n\pw Poh³ \jvSs¸- S p- I - X s¶ sN¿pw. \ap¡v Xn¶m³th|n- b à Im¨nepw tN¼pw tN\bpw ]bdpw s\Ãpw tKmX¼pw H¶pw D|m-Ip-¶-Xv. Ah-bpsS kz´w XpSÀ¨ \ne-\n-À¯m³ th|n-bmWv Ah D|m-Ip-¶-Xv. Xn¶m-\pw IpSn¡m\pambn {]Ir-Xn-bn ct| c|p Imcyw am{X-amWv bYmÀ °- ¯ n D|m- b n- « p- Å - X v . AXp ]g- § fpw ]qhnse tX\p-am-Wv. ]g-¯nse Acn-IÄ \n§Ä¡v Xn¶m-\p-ÅX-Ã. H¶n-s\bpw sImÃmsX thZ-\n-¸n-¡msX \n§Ä¡v Pohn-¡-W-sa¶v B{K-l-ap-s|-¦n Ch c|pw am{Xw Bl-cn¨p Ign-bp-I. AXp am{Xta km²y-am-bn-«p-Åq. ]mep IpSn-¡m-sa¶psh¨m ]ip-hnsâ Ip«n-bpsS A¶w tamjvSn-¡p-Is - b-¶mWv AÀ°w. AXns\ sI«n-bn«v ZpxJn¸n¨p am{Xta \n§Ä¡Xv Ih-cm³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq.

A§s\ t\m¡p-t¼mÄ kky-`p-¡m-Ip-¶-Xp-hgn CSXp 255

a\pjycdnbm³

Imense a´v heXpImen-te¡p amäpI am{X-amWv \n§Ä sN¿p¶-Xv. {Iqc-X-bn-ÃmsX sImÃm³ \ap¡v Ign-bptam? Noc-bpsS Xe I|n-¡p-t¼mÄ, s\Ãp thhn-¡p-t¼mÄ, Ing§p ]pgp-§p-t¼mÄ Ah-bpsS \nÈ_vZ \ne-hn-fn-IÄ \mw tIÄ¡p-¶nà Ft¶-bp-Åq. ]nS-¡p¶ ao\p-IÄ an|p-¶n-Ã-tÃm. Ic-bp¶, ]nS-bv¡p¶ arK-§fp-ambn \mw XmZm-ßy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-sIm-|mWv Ah-bpsS ]nS-¨nepw Ic-¨nepw \½n thZ-\-bp-f-hm-¡p-¶-Xv. GXpXc-¯n-epÅ sImebpw {Iqc-am-Wv. F.sI 47 sIm|v shSnsh¨mepw Ce-Iv{SnIv Itkc-bn Ccp¯n s]mcn-¨mepw Xq¡n-s¡m-¶mepw XÃn-s¡m-¶mepw IsÃ-dn-ªp-sIm-¶mepw FÃmw {Iqc-X-X-s¶-bm-Wv. Cd-¨n-¡-SbnÂt]mbn Cd¨n s]mXnªp hm§p-t¼mÄ \mw {Iqc-cm-sW¶v Aev]w-t]mepw tXm¶m-dn-Ã. AhnsS aoi]ncn¨p\n¡p¶ Cd¨n sh«p-Im-cs\ t\m¡n "Fs´mcp {Iqc³' F¶p a\-Ên hnNm-cn¡pw. sIme-bpsS D¯-c-hm-ZnXzw Abm-fn-te¡v amän {]Xn-jvTn¨v \mw \•-bpw Icp-Wb - p-apÅ-hc - mbn \n¡pw. sIme-bnse {IqcX Hcp ]t£, ab-¡p-ac - p¶p \ÂIn sIm¶m A\p-`h - n-¡p-¶h - À¡pw ImWp-¶-hÀ¡pw Htc-t]mse ZpÊ-l-a-Ãm-Xm¡n amäm³ Ign-bpw. ab-¡-pa-cp¶p \evImsX Imepw I¿pw sI«n-bn«v hmbn XpWn XncpIn ]|v "iey-{Inb' sNbvXn-cp¶ BbpÀthZ `nj-Kz-c-•mÀ sNbvXs - XÃmw alm{Iqc-XI - Ä Xs¶-bm-W,v AXp tcmKnsb c£n¡m-\m-sW-¦n-epw. tcmKn¡pw ikv{X-{Inb sN¿p¶ tUmIvSÀ¡pw ZpxÊ-l-amb Cu A\p-`-hhpw ImgvNbpw Hgn-hm-¡p-hm³ Ignbp¶p F¶ kXyw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-I. Cu coXn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-IbmWv `£-Wm-hi - y-¯n-\p-th|n sImÃp¶ Pohn-IÄ¡p t\scbpw \ap¡v "a\p-jy-Xz-]-c-ambn' sN¿m-hp¶ Hcp Imcyw. Cu Hcp t]mw h-gn-b-ÃmsX asäm¶pw sIme-bnse {IqcX Ipd-bv¡m³ D|m-Ipsa¶p tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. sIm¶pXn¶p-¶Xv \mw am{X-aà F¶p a\-Ên-em-t¡-|-Xp-|v. `£y- i rw- J - e - b nse k¦oÀ®Pohn- I - s fÃmwXs¶bpw sIm¶p Xn¶mWv Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. kqcysâ shfn-¨hpw `qan-bnse ck-§fpw D]-tbm-Kn¨v `£-W-ap-|m¡n Pohn-¡p¶ Pohn-IÄ am{X-amWv sImÃmsX Blmcw k¼m-Zn-¡p-¶X - .v _m¡n-sbÃmw, Gähpw sNdp Xp-sXm«v Gähpw hepXphsc- sIm¶p-Xn-¶p-X-s¶-bmWv Pohn-¡p¶-Xv. tImf-dbpw akqcnbpw £b-hp-saÃmw _mIvSo-cn-bbpw sshdkpw \s½ Xn¶p hf-cm\pw s]cp-Im\pw {ian-¡p-¶-Xp-hgn D|mIp-¶-Xm-Wv. akq-cnbpw £bhpw tImf-dbp-sam¶pw ImgvNbv¡v C¼w \evIp-¶-sXm-¶p-a-ÃtÃm?.... a\p-jy-cpsS ]Ãpw IpSepw Hcp kky-`p-¡n-tâ-Xp-X-s¶-bmsW¶pw A¡m-c-W-¯m Pohn-Isf sIm¶p Xnt¶| Bh-iy256

lnwkbpw kkym-lm-chpw

an-söpw "kky-`pIvXo{h-hm-Zn-IÄ' ]d-bm-dp-|v. AXm-bXv, HmSn\ S-¡p-¶Xpw Cd-¨n-bpapÅ Pohn-IÄ¡pam{X-amWv Poh-\p-Å-sX¶ k¦-e] v -¯nÂ\n-¶mWv Cu hmZ-apJw Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. ]t£, B hmZ¯nsâ "imkv{Xo-bX' \ap-s¡m¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¡mw. a\p-jy\v tIm¼-Ãp-I-fn-Ãm-¯Xp ImcWw H¶n-s\bpw ISn¨p sImÃp-¶n-Ã. AXp-t]mse Cd-¨n ISn¨p ]dn-¡p-¶nà F¶-XmWv Hcp sXfn-hv. asddm¶v, sNdpIpS-ensâ ssZÀLyw ]qÀ®-ambpw amwk-`p-¡mb Pohn-It- f-¡mÄ hfsc \o|Xm-sW¶pw AXv kky`p-¡pIÄ¡pÅ-XmWv F¶Xp-amWv. ]s£, \½psS ap³Km-an-Ifmb sKmdn-Ã-IÄ kky-`p-¡mbn Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p-s|-¦nepw aäp Ipc-§p-Isf th«-bm-Sn-¸n-Sn-¡p¶Xv ImWm³ Ign-bpw. amk-¯nsem-cn-¡-se-¦nepw CXv sN¿p-¶p-|m-Ipw. ico-c-¯nsâ Bh-iy ¯n\pth| t{]m«o\p-IÄ Ffp¸w e`n-¡m-\pÅ Ipdp-¡p-hgn F¶ -\n-e-bn-emWv Cu th«-bm-SÂ. icn¡pw ]d-ªm a\p-jy-s\mcp "Ah-k-c-hm-Zn-bmb Blm-cn-'bmWv. F´mWv e`n-¡p-¶Xv AXp Xn¶p Pohn-¡m-\mWv \mw ]Tn-¨-Xv. a\p-jy-Ip-e-¯nsâ ]qÀÆn-I-cnÂ\n-¶p-Xs¶ Pohn-Isf th«bmSn ]nSn-¡p-¶Xv Bcw-`n-¨n-cp-¶p. th«-bm-Sn-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m ¯s¶ Ahsb ISn¨p sImtÃ| Bh-iy-an-Ã. XobpsS D]-tbm-K ¯ - m \½psS IpS-en Zln-¡m³ {]bm-ka - pÅ t{]m«o-\p-Is - fÃmw thhn¨p Xn¶p-¶Xphgn Zln-¡p-IX - s¶ sN¿pw. AXn-\m ]Ãnepw IpS-enepw t\m¡n \mw kkym-lm-cn-bm-sW¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xn AÀ°-sam-¶p-an-Ã. C¶pw temI-¯nsâ ]e `mK-¯p-ambn Ignbp¶ Irjn I|p-]n-Sn-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡mÀ \mbm-Snbpw s]dp-¡n-¯n-¶p-amWv Ign-bp-¶-sX¶v \ap¡p ImWmw. Cu Ahk-c-hm-Z-]-c-amb BlmcnXzw ImcWw GXp Imem-h-Ø-bnepw GXp `qhn`m-K-¯nepw e`y-am-bXv Bl-cn¨v \ne-\n-ev¡m-\pÅ Ign-hmWv a\p-jyÀ BÀÖn-¨-Xv. A§s\ AÃm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n FkvIn-tam-I-tfmtSm C\n-bq-äp-I-tfmtSm kky-`p-¡p-I-fmIWw F¶m-h-iy-s¸«m Hcp \mep Znh-k-¯n-\p-Ån AhÀ Imªp t]mhp-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. \½psS Ejo-iz-c-•mÀ AhnsS P\n-¡m-Xncp-¶Xv FkvIn-tam-I-fpsS `mKyw..... Ah-cp-tSbpw!

Ignª Hcp aqhm-bncw hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån-emWv kky-`p-¡m-IpI F¶ Bi-bw-Xs¶ a\p-jy-sc¶ Pohn-hÀ¤-¯n-em-cw-`n-¨X - .v AXn\p ImcWw kpc-£n-X-ambn aq¶p XhW "Acn'bm-lmcw In«m³ \ap¡p km²y-am-bXv ImÀjn-I-hr¯n I|p-]n-Sn¨v hf-sc-¡m-e§Ä¡ptij-am-Wv. Cu Irjn-, C¶pw F¯n-t¨À¶n-«n-Ãm¯ tKm{X-hÀ¤-ta-Je - I - f - p-s|¶pw \mw ad-¡c - p-Xv. FkvIn-tam-IÄ¡nS-bntem tKm{X-hÀ¤ taJ-e-I-fntem _p²t\m ssP\t\m H¶pw 257

a\pjycdnbm³

Hcn-¡epw s]m«n-ap-f-¡n-söv \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. `qa-²y-tc-Jbn ImÀjn-Ih - r¯n hnI-kn¨ kaq-l§ - f - n am{Xta C¯-c¯ - nepÅ aX-§fpw Bi-b-§fpw DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-Åq. C§s\-bpÅ "]¨-¸-cn-jvIm-c-§Ä' H¶pwXs¶ tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡m-cpsS Poh-k-Ôm-c-W-¯n-\p-X-Ip-¶-X-Ã. AhÀ¡n-sXmcp Xnc-sª-Sp¸p-t]m-ep-a-Ã. thZ-Im-e-¯m-Is« IpXn-c-bpsS \h-Zzm-c-§-f-S¨v AXns\ ]oUn-¸n¨p sIm¶v DÅn-sem-fn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ AXnsâ ]mbm \ - pÅ DuÀÖs¯ _Ô-\¯ - n-em¡n BNm-c{- ]-Imcw `pPn-¡p-¶Xv hfsc tLmjn-¡-s¸« bmK-am-Wv. ssZh-¯n\p _en \evIn arK§sf `£n-¡p-I-sb-¶p-ÅXv \½psS hwi-¯n\v hfsc "kzm`m-hnI'hpw ]Yy-hp-amb Hcp NS-§m-bn-cp-¶p.

AXp-sIm|v ]¨-¡-dnbpw [m\y-§fpw Xn¶pI F¶pÅ ]cnWm-a] - c - a - mb Bhiyw Cd¨n Ign-¡p-¶X - nepw \ap-¡p-|.v AÃmsX shdpw cpNn-¡p-th|n am{X-aà \mw AXp Ign-¨n-cp-¶Xv. Idn hbv¡p-t¼mÄ akm-e-Ifpw D¸pw tNÀ¡p-¶Xv thW-sa-¦n cpNn ¡pth|n-bm-sW¶v ]d-bmw. Ah-t]mepw a\p-jyÀ¡v Bh-iy-ambn-«pÅ ZpÀe-`-amb t]mjI-§Ä AS-§n-bn-«p-Å-h-bm-Wv. \mw Bbp-[§ - Ä I|p]nSn-¡p-¶X - n\pap¼v sKmdn-ÃI - f - p-sSbpw Nn¼m³ kn-If - p-sSbpw `£-Wc - o-Xn-bm-bn-cp¶p \ap-¡p-|m-bn-cp-¶X - .v AXmIs«, FÃm-¯cw sNSn-Ifpw IqWp-Ifpw ]mb-ep-Ifpw sNdp{]mWn -Ifpw sIm¨pPohn-Ifpw AS§n-b-Xm-Wv. A¡m-c-W-¯m-emWv Im«n Ign-bp¶ tKm{X-hÀ¤-¡mÀ C¯cw `£-W-{Iaw C¶pw ]men-¡p-¶-Xv. Ip´hpw A¼pw hnÃpw I|p]nSn-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc \ap¡v henb arK-§sf sImÃmt\m ]nSn-¡mt\m Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. cpNn-¡pth-|n-bà \mw Cd¨n Ign-¨n-cp-¶X - v, adn¨v FÃm EXp-¡f - nepw FÃm tZi-§-fnepw AXv acp-`q-antbm ae-a-St¡m Bbmepw AhnsS \ne-\n-ev¡m³ Ah AXym-h-iy-am-bn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. ]t£, kky-`p-¡m-IpI F¶Xv cpNn¡pw Btcm-Ky-¯n-\pwth|n Hcp ImÀjnIkaq-l-w \S-¯nb Xnc-sª-Sp¸pXs¶-bm-Wv. AXpt]m-se-Xs¶ "R§Ä D¶-XI - p-eP - m-Xc - mWv' F¶p tXm¶n¡m\pw `mhn-¡m-\p-amWv. C´yt]mepÅ kaql-§-fn-emWv C¯cw Hcp Bibw cq]-s¸-«-Xp-X-s¶. AXm-Is« \nin-X-amb BNm-c-§fpw A\p-jvTm-\§ - fpw \ndª {_mÒ-Wc - psS Pohn-Xw-sIm|v kaq-l -¯n taÂssI t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\pÅ Ah-cpsS D¶w-Xs¶bmbncp¶p. AX-hÀ t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-I-Xs¶ sNbvXp. A¡m-c-W-¯m kky-`p-¡m-IpI F¶p ]d-ªm kzbw "ta\n-\-Sn¨v' aäpÅ P\hn-`m-K-§sf "sIm¨m-¡pI' F¶ KqtVm-t±-iyw-IqSn AXnsâ ]n¶n-ep-|v.

258

lnwkbpw kkym-lm-chpw

C\n, Hcp Intem kkym-lmcw D|m-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Hcp Intem amwkm-lmcw D|m-¡p-¶-Xn\pw hcp¶ ]mcnØn-XnI BLmXw ]cn-tim-[n-¨m amwkm-lmcw D|m-¡p-¶Xv hfsc sNe-th-dn-bX - msW¶p ImWmw. Cu Hscmä ImcWw am{X-amWv kkym-lm-cn-bmIp-¶-Xn Fs´-¦nepw aqeyw \ap¡p ImWm-\m-hp-¶-Xv. hfÀ¨ ]qÀ¯o-I-cn¨ Hcp a\p-jy\v Blmcw eLqIcn¡p¶Xnsâ coXnbnepw Btcm-Ky-]c - n-c£ - W - ¯ - n-\p-ambn kkym-lm-c¯ - n-te¡v Hcp Nph-Sp-amäw \S-¯mw. At¸mgpw anX-amb coXn-bn amwkm-lmcw Ign-¡p-¶Xv Btcm-Ky-¯n\v D¯awXs¶-bm-Wv. Pohn-Isf sImÃp-t¼mÄ Ah-cpsS ]nS-¨n-enepw Ic-¨n-enepw \½Ä XmZmßyw A\p-`h - n¨v \ap¡pw B thZ\ D|m-Ip¶p F¶sXmcp bmYmÀ°y-am-Wv. CXp \mw a\p-jyÀ¡p am{Xw D|m-Ip¶ H¶-Ã. kkvX-\n-I-fnse \½psS sXm«p]qÀÆn-I-cmb FÃm Pohn-Ifnepw Cu XmZm-ßym-\p-`hw D|m-¡p¶ "ZÀ¸-W-kn-cm-tIm-i-§Ä' imkv{X-ÚÀ Is|-¯n-bn-«p-|v. Cu ZÀ¸-W-kn-cm-tIm-i-§Ä BZy-ambn Is|-¯n-bXp-Xs¶ Ipc-§p-I-fn-em-Wv. AXn-\m AXp a\p-jy-cpsS khn-ti-j-X-bmbn a\-Ên-em-¡-cp-Xv. Cu XmZmßy-s¸-S-en ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Db-cp¶ Hcp tXmXp-|v. Hcp Dcp-f-¡ng§p apdn-¡p-t¼mtgm s\Ãp ]pgp-§p-t¼mtgm \mw Ahsb sImÃp-I-bm-sW-¦nepw \ap-s¡m¶pw tXm¶m-dn-Ã. F¶m Dcp-f¡n-g§v apdn-¡p¶ emLh-t¯msS Hcp sImXp-In-s\tbm Cu¨sbtbm sImÃm³ \ap¡p Ign-bn-Ã. Hcp Fensb sImÃp¶ emLh- t ¯msS Hcp BSns\ sImÃm- \ m- I n- à . Hcm- S ns\ sImÃp¶ emL-h-t¯msS Ipc-§ns\ sImÃm-\m-In-Ã. Ipc-§ns\ sImÃp¶ emL-ht - ¯msS Hcm-fns\ sImÃm-\m-In-Ã. A\ysc sImÃp¶ emLht¯msS \½psS A½sb sImÃm-\m-In-Ã. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m Cu XmZm-ßy-s¸-S-ense Gä-¡p-d-¨n-emWv thZ-\bv¡v Imc-W-am-bn-cn¡p-¶Xpw Imc-W-a-Ãm-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw. Cu ZÀ¸Wkncm-tIm-i-§-fmWv A\y-cpsS ZpJhpw kt´mjhpw ]¦phbv¡m³ \s½ {]m]vX-cm-¡n-b-Xv. AXp-X-s¶-bmWv a\p-jy-s\¶ Pohn-hÀ¤-¯n "a\-sÊ'¶, A\y-cpsS D¶hpw hnImchpw Adn-bm-\pÅ, {]Xn-`-bmbn DÅn hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ASnØm-\-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu XmZm-ßy-s¸-S-ense Gä-¡p-d-¨n-ep-IÄ am{X-amWv sIme-bnse \ymb-§Ä¡pw A\ym-b§ - Ä¡pw Imc-Wam-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXpw kkym-lm-cn-bm-Im³ \s½ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶ps|-¦nepw asäm-c-Sn-Øm-\hpw kky-`p-¡m-Ip-hm³ \ap-¡n-Ã. aäp-Å-h-cpsS {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡m³th|n khn-tij-ambn cq]w-sIm| ZÀ¸-W-kn-cm-tIm-i-¯n-sâ-Xmb At\-I -hyq-l-§Ä a\p-jy-a-kvXn-jvI-¯n-ep-|v. Ch-bpsS ImX-emb 259

a\pjycdnbm³

{]hÀ¯\w ta¸-dª X - à - . adn¨v aäp-Åh - c - psS Dt±iyw, Ah-cpsS s]cp-am-ä¯ - nsâ kmaq-lnImÀ°w, Ah-cpsS hnIm-c§ - Ä F¶nh a\-Ên-em-¡-em-Wv. anI¨ kmaq-lnI Pohn-I-sf¶\ne-bn aäp-Åh-cpsS hnIm-c-§fpw Dt±-iy§fpw {]hÀ¯-\-§fpw a\-Ên-emt¡| Bhiyw \½psS \ne-\n-e] v n\pXs¶ Hgn¨pIqSm-\m-hm-¯ -Xm-Wv. aäp-Å-h-cpsS a\Êv \½psS ]nSn-bn-sem-Xp-¡p-hm³ ZÀ¸-Wkn-cm-tIm-i-§Ä \s½ klm-bn-¡p-¶Xv bpàn-sIm-|-Ã, adn¨v a\-Ên ]p\x-krjvSn-¨mWv; Nn´-sIm-|-Ã, sshIm-cn-I-Xm-Zm-ßywsIm-|m-Wv. Cu sshIm-cnI XmZm-ßy-amWv aäp Pohn-If - psS kpJ Zp-xJ-§Ä Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ \s½ klm-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu XmZm-ßy-s¸-S-en-epÅ Gä-¡p-d-¨n-emWv ]pWy-mf-•mcpw km[m-c-W-¡mcpw X½n-ep-Å-Xv. Imfsb ASn-¡p-t¼mÄ kz´w tZl¯v B ASn-bpsS ]mSv hogp¶Xv henb ZnhyXzambn ImWmdp-|v. CXv ZÀ¸-W-kn-cm-tImi-¯nsâ Aev]w "Aan-XsshIm-cnI X - m-Zm-ßy'-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡n-bm aXn. X¯z-Nn-´m-þBßob-hym-Jm\-§-fpsS A`m-h-¯n Cu Aan-X-Xm-Zmßy¡msc \mw ZpÀº-ea-\s - ʶpw At¿m-]m-]n-Is - f¶pw hne-bn-cp-¯p-Ib - mWv km[m-cW ]Xn-h.v tbip-{In-kX v phnsâ apdn-¸m-Sp-If - p-ambn {]Xy-£s - ¸-Sm-dpÅ [mcmfwt]À temI-¯p-|v. AanXsshIm-cn-I- Xm-Zm-ßyhpw AeÀ Ön-sb¶v hnfn-¡p¶ tcmKm-h-Øbpw X½n-epÅ s]m¡nÄs¡mSn-_Ôw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. an¡-Znhy•mcpw Ip«n-¡m-e¯v Bkv am-tcm-Kn-I-tfm A]-kvam-c-tcm-Kn-Itfm Bbn-cp¶p F¶v Poh-N-cn{X-c-N-bn-Xm-¡fpw kqNn-¸n-¡m-dp-|v. CXns\ CwKvfo-jn HmhÀ sk³kn-än-hn-än-sb¶v ]d-bpw. CXn Ihnªv asäm¶pw Cu Znhy cn-enÃ.

260

kz¯pw P\-kw-Jym-hÀ²-\bpw

hwi-hÀ²-\bv¡mbn hf-sc-thKw kz´w ]Xn-¸p-Isf D ¸m-Zn-¸n¨v sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ coXn-IÄ Ah-e-w-_n¨v PohnIÄ aÕ-c¯ - n-teÀs¸-Sp-¶X - n-s\-bmWv \mw Poh-Xk - a - cw F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. [mcmfw Ip«n-Isf DXv]m-Zn-¸n¨v Ahbn hf-sc-¡p-d-¨p-am{Xw Poh-t\msS \ne-\n-¡p¶ coXn-bmWv IqSp-X Pohn-IÄ¡p-ap-Å-Xv. kky-Pm-e-§fn `qcn-]£ - hpw Cu coXn-bmWv A\p-hÀ¯n¨phcp-¶X - .v {]mWn-If - nepw sNdp-Po-hn-If - nepw \ap-¡n-Xp-Xs¶ ImWmw. ]t£, {]Ir-Xn-bnse GXp {]hr-¯n¡pw ASn-Øm-\-ambn-cn-¡p-¶Xv DuÀÖ¯nsâ kwc-£W - hpw hn\n-ab - h - pam-Wv. AXm-W-Xnsâ "km¼-¯n-Im-Sn-¯-d'. [mcmfw DXv]m-Zn-¸n¨v hf-sc-¡p-d¨ - p-am{Xw \ne-\n-ev¡p¶-Xnse DuÀÖ\jvSw ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ ]e-Xcw hnZy-IÄ IqSp-X k¦oÀ®-amb Pohn-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡p-Ibp-|m-bn-«p-|v. ]e-t¸mgpw hyXy-kvX-amb bpàn-I-fpsSbpw X{´-§-fp-sSbpw k½n-{i-am-bn-cn¡pw IqSp-X Pohn-K-W-§Ä¡pw DÅXv. Pohn-¡m-\m-h-iy-amb kmlN-cy-§Ä hfsc {]Xn-Iq-e-am-Ip-t¼mÄ [mcmfw Poh-]-Xn¸p-Isf D¸m-Zn-¸n¨v GsX-¦nepw \ne-\n-ev¡pw F¶ {]Xo-£-tbm-sS-bmWv Poh-K-W-§Ä s]cp-am-dp-¶-Xv. CXnsâ {]I-Sn-Xc - q-]a - mWv a\p-jy-s\¶ Pohn-hÀ¤¯n ImWp¶ Zcn-{Z-cp-sS- C-S-bnse Ip«n-I-fpsS [mcm-fn-¯w.

Hät\m«-¯n XoÀ¯pw sshcp-²y-ap-ÅX - mbn tXm¶p¶ Cu Pohn-X-coXn taÂ]-dª Imc-W-§ÄsIm|mWv D|m-Ip-¶-Xv. CXn-s\mcp adp-hi - h - p-ap-|v. hfsc k¼-¶a - mb kmaqln-I-km-l-Ncyw DS-se-Sp-¡p-Ibpw P\n-¡p¶ Ipªp§-sfÃmw Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-Ib - m-sW-¦n hfsc s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ H¶p-c|p Xe-ap-d-bv¡p-Ån CW-IÄ H¶p-c|p Ip«n-IÄ¡-¸pdw D|m-¡m-dn-Ã. ]cn-Wm-a-]-camb Hcp a\-Ên-em-¡ÂsImt| C¯cw sshcp²y§Ä¡v D¯cw ImWm³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq. k¼¯p 261

a\pjycdnbm³

hÀ²n- ¸ n- ¡ p- ¶ - X p- h gn IpSpw- _ m- k q- { XW ]²- X n- I - s fm- ¶ p- a nÃmsXXs¶ P\-kwJy Ipd-bv¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ hkvXpX FÃm hnI-knX cmPy-§-fp-sSbpw C¶s¯ Ncn-{X-am-Wv. \ne-\n-ev¡m³ Bh-iy-amb Dd¸p Xcp¶ km¼-¯nI t{kmXÊp-If - mb tPmenbpw `mhnsb Icp-¸n-Sn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ hnZym-k¼ - ¯pw H¯ptNÀ¶m H¶p-c|p Xe-ap-d-bv¡p-ÅnÂXs¶ taÂt¸m«p IpXn-¨p-sIm-|n-cp¶ P\-kwJy Iogvt¸m«m-Ipw. AXn-\m \nb{´n-X-amb P\-kwJymhÀ-²-\ e£yw hbv¡p¶ cmPy-§Ä hnZy \evIp-Ibpw k¼¯p hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw am{Xw sNbvXm aXn. aX-]-c-amb Imc-W-§tfm ]nSn-hm-in-Itfm sIm|à Cu amäw D|m-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶-Xn-\v Gähpw \à B[p-\nI DZm-l-c-W§Ä _w¥m-tZipw Cdm-\p-am-Wv. hnZy-sIm|v {]_p-²c - mb kv{XoP\-§Ä¡v kz´-amb hcp-am\w DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡m³ Ignhp In«n-bt¸mÄ kz´w ssewKn-I-X-bpsS apI-fn Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¡m-\pÅ Ignhp e`n-¨X - mWv P\-kwJym hÀ²-\b - ¡ v v XS-bn« {][m\Imc-Ww. tKm{X-kw-kvIm-c-§-fpsS \nb-a-§-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-§-fp-sSbpw A\p-jvTm-\§ - f - p-sSbpw ]nSn Ab-bp-¶X - v hnZybpw kz¯pw kv{Xo IÄ¡v e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. hnZybpw kz¯pw e`n-¡p-¶X - neqsS IqSp-X kzXz-t_m-[a - pÅ kv{XoIÄ D|m-hp-Ibpw X\n-¡p-|m-Ip¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-\ne-hmcw D¶-X-am-¡m-\pÅ bXv\-¯n-e-h-tcÀs¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿pw.

Bcpw ]d-bm-sX-Xs¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS F®w Ipd-bpw. kÀ¡m-cnsâ hi-¯p-\n¶pw KÀ`-[m-cWw XS-bm-\pÅ D]m-[n-IÄ kv{XoIÄ¡pw ]pcp-j-•mÀ¡pw Hcp-t]mse kaq-l-a-²y-¯n kpe-`-am-¡p-I am{X-amWv th|Xv.

262

{]P-bnÂ\n¶pw ]u-c-\n-te-¡pÅ Zqcw

cmPm-hn \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cp¶ cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw Hcp thm«nsâ cq]¯n hn`-Pn¨v Hmtcm {]P-bnepw F¯n¨v Ahsc ]uc-cm¡n amäp¶ {]{In-bb - ¡ v mWv P\m-[n-]Xyw F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. cmPm-hnsâ Iogn \mw {]P-I-fmbn D¯-ch - m-Zn-Xzan-ÃmsX kkpJw hmWn-cp-¶X - mbn \½psS amthen ]m«p-If - n ImWmw. Imcy-§Ä A{X ip`-Ic - a - m b - n-cp-¶nà F¶p ]p¯³ aqey-t_m-[¯ - n-sâbpw imkv{Xob Úm\- ¯ n- s âbpw shfn- ¨ - ¯ n ]nt¶m«p t\m¡pt¼mÄ \ap¡v Xncn¨dn-bm-\m-Ipw. {]P-bnÂ\n¶v ]uc-\n-te-¡pÅ Zqcw Ahsâ Ah-Imi-§fpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-§fpw IS-a-Ifpw A[n-Im-c-§-fpam-Wv. D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-§Ä t]dmsX, A[n-Im-c-§Ä D]tbm-Kn-¡msX, IS-aI - Ä \nÀh-ln-¡msX, Ah-Im-i§ - Ä F§s\ t\Sn-sb-Sp¡mw F¶ kq{X-¸-Wn-bn-emWv \mw Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw hym]r-X-cm-bn-cn-¡m-dp-Å-Xv. A§s\ t\m¡p- t ¼m- g mWv amth- e n- b psS Iogn "kkpJw' hmgm³ Ign-bp-¶Xv, "`mcy'-am-cmbn Ign-bp¶ kv{XoIÄ¡pw "B{in-X-h-Õ-e-cm-'bn-¡-gn-bp¶ AWn-IÄ¡pw "hn\-bm -\zn-X-cm-bn' \n¡p¶ injyÀ¡pw "\{a-in-c-kvI-cmbn' \n¡p¶ `àÀ¡pw BsW¶p hcp-¶Xv. AÃmsX ]ucÀ¡p-Å-X-Ã. C§s\ t\m¡p-t¼m-gmWv {]P-bn \n¶v ]uc-\n-te¡v \à Zqc-ap-s|¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ignbp-¶-Xv. ta kqNn- ¸ n¨ ka- X z- \ nÀ½m- W - ¯ nse {][m- \ IÀ¯mhv Cu P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nse C\nbpw cq]-s¸-«n-«nÃm¯ ]uc-cm-sW¶v \ap¡p ImWm³ Ign-bpw. At¸mÄ am{Xta cq]-s¸-Sm¯ ]uc-s\-s¡m|v \nÀh-ln-¡-s¸tS| ka- X z- ¯ nsâ km£mXv I mcw F{X ITn- \ - a msW¶v \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq. ]uc-cq]o-I-c-Whpw ka-Xz-km-£m-XvIm-chpw ]c-k] v c]qc-I-§fmb {]-{In-b-I-fmbn \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. kmaq-ln-I-kwhn-[m\w F¶ \ne-bn P\m-[n-]Xy-`c - W - k - w-hn-[m\w Hcp 263

a\pjycdnbm³

264

{]P-bnÂ\n¶pw ]u-c-\n-te-¡pÅ Zqcw

265

a\pjycdnbm³

hi¯pw A[n-Im-c-apÅ D¯-c-hm-Zn-XzapÅ IS-a-I-fpÅ Ah-Imi-§-fpÅ ]uc-t_m[w adp-h-i¯pw tNÀ¶v \nc´cw {]Xn-{]-hÀ ¯n¨v km[n-X-am-t¡| H¶mWv "Aev] ka-Xz-kp-µ-c-amb `mhn -tem-Iw'.

C¯-c-samcp ]uc-cq-]o-I-cWw ta kqNn-¸n¨ Imc-W-§-fm F{X ZpjvI-c-am-sW¶v \mw HmÀ¡-Ww. CXnsâ ]pd-¯mWv temIs¯ amän-adn¡m\m-bn, AsÃ-¦n a\-Ên-em-¡m-\mbn cq]s¸« X¯z-im-k{v X-§s - fÃmwXs¶ kz`m-hn-Im-Xn-cp-t_m-[§ - s - fbpw hyXym-k§ - s - fbpw ]e I - m-cW - § - f - m cq]-s¸« Ak-´p-enX hnIk-\-§-sfbpw hÀ¤-§-fpsS ASn-¨-aÀ¯Â am{X-ambn Ah-X-cn¸n¨v Pohn-t_m-[-¯m Dudn-¡q-Sp¶ FÃm ]I-I-Ä¡pw Akq-bI-Ä¡pw ZpcIÄ¡pw Xo sImfp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. D|mb Hcp kzXz-t_m-[hpw \jvS-s¸-Snà F¶pw \mw I|p-I-gn-ªp. AXn\m AhÀ sImfp-¯nb Cu Xo DS-s\§pw sI«p-t]m-hp-I-bnÃ. a\p-jys\ \¶m-¡m-\mbn D|mb aX-§fpw hÀ¤-c-lnX kaq-lap-|m-¡m³ Hm§nb {]Xyb-im-kv{X-§fpw \½psS Poh-nt_m-[ -¯m Df-hm-Ip¶ kakvX AXn-cp-t_m-[-§fpw {]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-´§fpw ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw kl-Po-hn-I-fpsS AXn-Po-h-\-a-Õ-c-§fpw FÃmw H¯p-tNÀ¶v \n¡p¶ Hcp `qan-I-bn thWw Cu ]uccq-]o-I-c-Ww \S-t¡-|Xv. \à Iq¯v AÃm-sX´p ]d-bm³....

266

"I|w sh¨' Øm]-\-§Ä

s]mXp-\• em¡m¡n kmaq-ly-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯n GÀs¸Sp¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw kwLS-\-I-fp-sSbpw Øm]-\-§-fpsSbpw Bh-iy-IX Hgn-¨pIqSm\m-Im-¯X - m-sW¶v A\p`-h-¯nÂ\n¶v a\-Ên-em-Ipw. Häbv¡v Imcy-§Ä F{XXs¶ a\-Ên-em-¡n-bmepw AXp sN¿m-\pÅ BÀÖhhpw aq¨pw F{X-I-|p-|m-bmepw aäp-Å-hsc kl-I-cn¸n¨v Ah-tcmsSm-¯p-tNÀ¶v Imcy-§Ä sN¿-W-sa-¦n kwL-S-\-IÄ Bh-iy-am-sW¶v \ap¡p a\-Ên-em-¡mw. kwL-Sn-¡pI Hcp kzm`m-hnI {]hÀ¯-\a - m-W.v Cu kwLS-\-bpsS XpSÀ¨ F¶ \ne-bn \mw sN¿m³ D¶w-sh¨ {]hr¯n apt¶m«p sIm|pt]mIp-¶-Xn\v A\p-_-Ôambn D|mbn hcp¶ asäm-¶mWv Øm]-\w.

AXn-\m Hcp {]hr¯n-bpsS km[q-I-c-W-¯n\v A\n-hm-cy-ambn amdp¶ Bh-iy-§-fmWv kwL-S-\bpw Øm]-\-§-fpw. ]t£, Cu {]{In-bbv¡v asämcp hiw IqSn-bp-|v. \mw D¶w-sh¨ {]hr¯n hnP-bn-¨mepw ]cmP-b-a-S-ªmepw AXn-\-\p-_-Ô-ambn D|mb kwL-S-\ bpw Øm]-\hpw "kzX-{´-'amb Hc-ØnXzw t]dn XpS-cp¶Xv \ap¡v ImWmw. am{X-hp-a-Ã, D¶w-sh¨ {]hr¯nbnÂ\n¶v hyXn-N-en¨v Cu kzX{´AkvXn-Xz-¯nsâ km[q-I-c-W-¯n-\mbn A\m-hiyw F¶v thW-sa-¦n hnfn-¡m-hp¶ {]hr¯n-IÄhsc kwL-Sn-¸n¨v Øm]-\§fpw kwL-S-\-Ifpw XpS-cp-¶Xpw \ap¡pImWmw. Chsbms¡ F´n\p XpS-cp-¶p-sh¶v aäp-Å-hÀ AÛpXw Iqdpt¼mgpw temI-sa-¼mSpw [mcmfw Øm]-\-§fpw kwL-S\ - I - fpw AXnsâ "{]Jym-]nX' e£y-§Ä¡v Xptemw hncp- ² - a mb co- X n- b n {]hÀ¯n¨v Pohn- ¡ p- ¶ Xpw ImWmw. kz´w ]Xn-¸ns\ DXv]m-Zn-¸n¨v ]n³hm-§pI F¶ k¦oÀ® Pohn-I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb Pohn-X-Nw-{IaWwXs¶-bmWv Cu {]Øm-\-§-fnepw BhÀ¯n-¡p¶-sX¶v \ap¡p a\-Ên-em-¡mw. a¡Ä hfÀ¶v kz´w 267

a\pjycdnbm³

AkvXnXzw Øm]n¨v kzX-{´-cmbn Pohn-¡m³ XpS-§p-t¼mÄ CW-tNÀ¶ Hcp tPmSn-bpsS {]hÀ¯\w ]qÀ®am-bn-¯o-cpw.

F¦nepw acWw ]qÀ®-am-Im-¯Xp ImcWw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v aäÀ °-§Ä tXSp¶ AÑ-\½ - a - m-cpsS Øm\-am-Wv bYmÀ°-¯n Cu Øm]-\-§Ä¡p-ap-Å-Xv. D¶w hbv¡s¸« {]hr¯n-bpsS ]qÀ ¯oI-c-W-¯n-\p-tijw Øm]-\-§fpw {]Øm-\-§fpw ]ncn-¨p-hnSm³ Ign-bmsX t]mIp-¶Xv a¡Ä hn«p t]mb-Xn\ptijhpw acWw hs¶-¯m¯ amXm-]n-Xm-¡f - psS Pohn-X¯ - n\p Xpey-am-Wv. a¡-fpsS Pohn-X-¯n IS¶p Ibdn A\m-h-iy-ambn CS-s]«v Pohn-X-¯n-\v AÀ°w Is|-¯m³ {ian-¡p¶ AÑ-\-½-am-cpsS {]hr¯n-IÄ¡v kam-\a - mbn Cu Øm]-\§ - ÄsIm|v Pohn-¡p¶ Bfp-IÄ AÀ°-iq-\y-amb "]cn-]m-Sn-'I-fp-ambn apt¶-dp-¶Xp ImWmw. ka- c - ¯ n\pth|n- b p- Å ka- c hpw amk- § - t fmfw \o|p \nev¡p¶ ]qP-Ifpw A\-´-ambn \ofp¶ NS-§p-Ifpw AÀ°-iq\y-amb {]`m-j-W-§fpw kmaq-ln-I-{]-tbm-P\ \nÀh-l-W-¯n\v tij-hp-apÅ Cu Øm]-\-§fpsS \ne-\n-e] v n\pth|n-bm-Wv BN-cn-¡p-¶Xv. C¯-c-¯n a\-Ên-em-¡n-bm am{Xta ASn-¡Sn-bp-|m-Ip¶ _µp-I-fpsSbpw ka-c-§-fp-sSbpw tLmj-bm-{X-Ifp-sSbpw {]`m-j-W-]-c-¼-c-I-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-§-fp-sSbpw A\pjvTm-\§ - f - p-sSbpw NS-§p-If - p-sSbpw Dt±-is - a-s´¶v Is|-¯m³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq.

268

AWp-Ip-Spw-_-¯nsâ IY

\s½-t¸m-se-bpÅ tKm{X-þImÀjnI kwkvIm-c-§-fn Pohn-¡p-¶hÀ, "]mÝm-Xy-'kw-kvIm-c¯ - nsâ A\p-Ic - W -ambn, ImWp¶ [mcmfw Imcy-§-fn H¶mWv C¶s¯ AWp-Ip-Spw_w. \½Ä, a\p-jyÀ hfsc kt´m-j] - qÀÆw Iq«p-Ip-Spw-_-¯n sI«n-¸n-Sn¨v D½-sh¨v FÃmw ]¦n«p Ignªn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ Ipsd "]¨-¸-cn-jvIm-cn-'IÄ AWpIp-Spw_w Bcw-`n¨v FÃmw sh«n-ap-dn¨v a\p-jy-_-Ô-§ -sfÃmw inYn-e-am¡n "\½psS kwkvImcw' XIÀ¯p Ifªp F¶p ]cm-Xn-s¸-Sm-dp-|v. Cu ]cm-Xn-bmWv Ignª Hcp \me©p ]Xn-äm|p Imes¯ `qcn-]£w tIc-fobkmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-sfÃmwXs¶. `mKw-sh¨p amdnb-t¸mÄ D|mb I®p-\o-cnsâ IY-I-fmWv AsX-Ãmw. hymh-km-bn-I-kw-kvIm-chpw AXn-t\m-sSm¸w IS¶p hcp¶ B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-khpw ImÀjn-I-hr-¯n-bn Pohn-¨n-cp¶ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-§-fn hcp-¯nb amä-s¯]än \mw ap¼v kqNn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶p-ht - Ãm. kXy-¯n B amä¯nsâ asämcp apJ-am-Wv AWp-Ip-Spw-_w.

Aѳ, A½, a¡Ä, AXp-Xs¶ c|p a¡Ä F¶ AWpIpSpw_w cq]o-Ir-X-am-bXv ^mIvS-dn-I-tfmSpw hnIkn-X-amb tkh\taJ-e-tbmSpw _Ô-s¸-«mWv. ^mIvS-dnIÄ bqtdm-¸n XpS-§n-bt - ¸mÄ sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ¡v \ In-bn-cp¶ thX\w Hcp hyàn¡p Pohn-¡m³th|n am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p. ^mIvSdn-IÄ¡p Npäpw Hä-bvs¡m-ä bv¡p h¶, AXv BWm-bmepw s]®m-bmepw, Ah-cpsS asämcp Imcyhpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡msX, hyàn-I-fmb sXmgnem-fn-I-fmbn am{Xw I|vv Iqen sImSp-¡p¶ coXn-bmWv ^mIvSdn-bp-S-a-IÄ Ah-ew-_n-¨-Xv. CXv B \mSp-I-fnse P\-§-fpsS, {]tXy-In¨pw sXmgn-se-Sp¯p Pohn-¡p¶ Bfp-I-fpsS IpSpw_w XIÀ¯p Ifªp F¶p ]d-tb|-Xn-Ã-tÃm. ^mIvS-dn-I-fpsS Npäpw tNcn-IÄ cq]-s¸-Sp¯pI, AhnsS F§-s\bpw Pohn-¡pI F¶ Hcp e£yw am{X269

a\pjycdnbm³

ambn sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS PohnXw amdn. Chn-sS-bmWv BZy-ambn kwL-Sn-X-i-àn-bmb t{SUv bqWn-b-\p-IÄ Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. BZyw Iqen-¡q-Sp-X-en\pth|nbpw ]n¶oSv sa¨-s¸« PohnX kml-N-cy§Ä¡pth|nbpw kacw sN¿m³ sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ \nÀ_-Ôn-Xcm-bn. CXnsâ XpSÀ¨-bmbn \nÀ½n-¡s - ¸-«X - mWv ^mIvSd - n-IÄ¡p Npäp-apÅ sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ¡p th|n-bpÅ "IzmÀt«-gvkp-IÄ' F¶v Adnb-s¸-Sp¶ \nhmk-tI{µ-§Ä.

ImÀjn-I-Po-hn-X-hr-¯n-bpsS `mK-ambn cq]-s¸« Iq«p-Ip-Spw _hpw "_Ôp-P-\-§fpw' AtX-]Sn ^mIvSdn ]cn-k-c-§-fn-te¡v amän-{]-Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bmWv BZy-ap-|m-b-Xv. Aѳ, A½, a¡Ä, A¸q-¸³, A½q-½, A½m-h-•mÀ, A½m-bn-amÀ, Nnä-¸-•mÀ, Nnä-½-amÀ XpS§n Hcp ]äw P\-am-bn-cp¶p Cu _ÔpP\-§Ä. ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p¶ sXmgn-em-fn¡v ^mIvS-dn-bv¡p-Ån "kzmØyw' thW-sa-¦n AhÀ¡p Npäpw _Ôp-P-\§ - Ä thW-sa¶ ^mIvSdn-bp-S-a-I-fpsS Xncn-¨-dn-hpw kzmØy-¯n\pth|n-bp-Å sXmgn ka-c-§fpw tNÀ¶p cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-XmWv sXmgn-em-fn-\n-hm-ktI-{µ-§Ä. ]t£, s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ apX-em-fn-amÀ¡v Hcp Imcyw a\-Ên-em-bn.

15 t]À¡v apI-fn- IpSpw-_mw-K§ - f - pÅhÀ¡v InS-¸m-Ss - am-cp¡pI {ia-I-c-amb ]Wn-bm-sW¶v. "IpSpw-_'-¯nse Bfp-I-fpsS F®w \nP-s¸-Sp-¯m³ AhÀ sXmgn-em-fn-Isf \nÀ_-Ôn¨p XpS-§n. hyàn-IÄ¡p IqensImSp-¡p¶ k{¼-Zmbw amdn sXmgn-em-fnIÄ¡v "IpSpw-_-th-X\w' sImSp-¡p-hm³ Xocp-am-\-am-bn. C¶p \mw ImWp¶ FÃm i¼-fhpw IpSpw-_-th-X-\-am-Wv. Cusbmcp kÔn-bn-emWv IpSpw_w \nP-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn\v apXem-fn-amÀ ap³ssI-sb-Sp-¯-Xv. sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS AÑ-\-½-amcpw a¡fpw H¶p-c|v Gä-hp-a-Sp¯ _Ôp¡fpa-S-§p¶ Iq«-¯n-s\bm-Wv IpSpw_w F¶v AhÀ \nÀ®-bn-¨X - .v Ahn-sS-\n¶mWv, A§ s\-bmWv \mw C¶v ImWp¶ AWpIpSpw-_-¯n-te-¡pÅ bm{X Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. sXm-gnem-fn-IÄ¡v sImSp-¡p¶Xnsâ Afhv anX-s¸S-¯p-hm³ apX-em-fn-amÀ Is|-¯nb X{´-amWv ap³IqÀ]-WnXoÀ¯ \nhm-k-tI-{µ-§Ä. C§s\ i¼-f-a-S¡w "FÃm kuI-cy§-fp-apÅ' ^mIvSd - n-IÄ cq]-s¸-«t- ¸mÄ CsXmcp \à k{¼Zm-ba - mbn sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ BZyw A\p-`h - n-¨p. ]t£, IpSpw-_¯ - nse _Ôp P\-§f - p-ambn Cu "]p¯³ IzmÀt«-gvkp'-If - n-te¡v amdn-¸mÀ¡m³ sN¶-t¸m-gmWv "kpµ-c-amb' B[p-\nI kuI-cy-§-fpÅ Cu IzmÀ t«-gvkp-If - n InS-¸p-ap-dn-IÄ aqs¶®w am{Xta DÅq-sh¶pw Ipfnap-dnbpw ASp-¡-fbpw s]mXp-hmbn cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xm-sW¶pw AhÀ ImWp-¶-Xv. BZy-saÃmw sRcp§n Cu apdn-I-fn hkn¨p 270

AWp-Ip-Spw-_-¯nsâ IY

XpS-§n-b-hÀ {ItaW "AI¶ _Ôp-¡sf' IqsS-s¡m|phcnItbm ASp-¸n-¡p-Itbm sN¿m-Xm-bn. Imew A[nIw IS-¡p-¶Xn-\p-ap¼v I¡qkpw Ipfn-ap-dnbpw hoSp-IÄ¡p-Ån-te¡v amän {]Xn-jvTn-s¨-¦nepw InS¸papdn-IÄ c|mbn Npcp-§p-I-bm-Wp-|mb-Xv. hymh-km-bn-Ik - w-kvImcw temI-s¯-hnsS hfÀ¶mepw AhnsS kzm`m-hn-I-ambn cq]-s¸«phcp¶-Xm-Wv AWp-Ip-Spw-_-§Ä. AXv ]¨-¸c - n-jvIm-cn-If - psS Xnc-sª-Sp-¸Ã - , apX-em-fn-am-cpsS sNe-hp-Np -cp-¡Â X{´-¯nsâ ]cn-W-X-^eamWv. C¶v kz´w AÑ-\-½-amsc- IqsS¡q«m³ Ign-bm¯ a¡fpw AhcpsS a¡fpw Ign-bp¶ AWp-Ip-Spw-_-§-fpsS "kzm`m-hnI hnIm-k'-amWv temI-sa-¼m-Spap-Å-Xv. B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-k-¯m AXn-cp-_-e-s¸« kzXzt_m [hpw k¼-t¯-dp-t¼mÄ Ip«n-I-fpsS F®w Xmt\ Ipd-bpsa¶ Poh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-Xbpw ta¸-dª {]{In-bbpw IqSn-t¨À¶-t¸mÄ IpSpw_w F¶p ]d-ªm C¶v AWp-Ip-Sp-w_w am{X-am-Wv. AXn-\m \mw "kzX-{´-'ambn D|m-¡p¶ hoSp-Ifpw ^vfmäp-Ifpwt]mepw H¶v, c|vv, IqSn-bm aq¶v InS-¸p-ap-dn-IÄ am{X-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. CXm-Wv AWpIpSpw-_-¯nsâ IY.

271

AÑ-\-½-amsc "t\m¡m¯' a¡Ä

Irjn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb PohnXw \bn-¨n-cp¶ P\-hn-`m-K§Ä¡n- S - b n- t e- ¡ mWv B[p- \ nI hyh- k m- b - § - f psS IS¶phchp|m-bX - .v CXv GXm-|v A¿m-bncw hÀjs¯ ImÀjn-I-km-aq-ln-I-L-S-\sb amän-a-dn-¡p-I-bp-|m-bn. `qan-bn Irjn sNbvXv Pohn-¨n-cp¶ a\p-jy-À¡v kz¯mbn-cp-¶Xv `qanbpw AhÀ CW-¡n-sb-Sp-¯n-cp¶ Poh-Pme-§-fpamsW¶v \mw I|pIgn-ªp. ImÀjnIIpSpw_§fn AÑ-\p-a½ - t- bm-Sp-sam¸w Pohn-¨n-cp¶ a¡-fm-Wv D|mbn-cp-¶Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-¡f - psS sXmgn-ep-Xs¶bmbncp¶p AhÀ ]n´p-S-cp-¶Xpw Pohn-¨n-cp-¶-Xpw. Cu XpSÀ ¨-bn PohnXhr-¯n-bn hyXym-k§ - f - n-Ãm-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw hyXy-kvX-X-IÄ D|m-bn-cp-¶Xv kv{XoIÄ¡pw ]pcp-j•mÀ¡pw CS-bn-em-bn-cp-¶p. kv{XoIÄ A\y-ho-«n "kz´w' ]pcp-j-t\m-sSm¯v Ign-bp-t¼mÄ ]pcp-j-•mÀ AÑ-\-½am-tcm-sSm¸w kzho-«n Ign-bp-¶p. Cusbmcp hyXym-ksam-gn-¨m AÑ-\-½-am-tcm-sSm-¸-am-bn-cp¶p ImÀjn-I-hr¯n-bn a¡Ä Ign-ªn-cp-¶-Xv. Chn-tS-¡mWv Irjn-bne-[n-jT v n-Xa - à - m¯ Pohn-Xc - o-Xnbpw kz¯p-X] v m-Z\ - h - p-ambn hymh-km-bn-I-hr¯n IS¶phcp-¶-Xv. B[p-\nI hnZym-`ymkw F¶p \mw hnfn-¡p¶ kmÀh{Xn-I-hn-Zym-`ymkw kw`-hn-¨Xv Cu hyh-km-b-¯n\v DXIp¶ "tPmen-¡msc' Is|-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-th|n cq]-s¸-Sp¯n-b-t¸m-gm-Wv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-s¯-¸än ]Tn-¡m-\à Cu hnZym-`ymkw Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. adn¨v HmtcmXcw hyh-km-b-taJ-e¡ - \ - p-kr-Xa - mb sXmgn-em-fn-Isf DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p-hm-\m-W.v Cu hnZym-`ymkw t\Snb a¡Ä "tPmen tXSn' t]mIm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-X-cm-Ipw. Fhn-sS-bmtWm ^mIvS-dnbpw A\p_-Ô-Øm-]-\-§fpw DÅXv Ahn-tS¡v AhÀ ]dn-¨p \Ss¸-Sp-I-X-s¶-sN-¿pw. C§s\ ]dn¨p \S-s¸« a¡-fpsS Xncn¨p hc-hn\pth|n-bpÅ Im¯n-cn-¸mWv an¡ IpSpw_-§-fp-sSbpw ØnXn. B[p-\nI hnZym-`ymkw \evIn hfÀ¯nb a¡Ä X§sf hn«pt]mIp-sa¶pw Ah-cpsS 272

AÑ-\-½-amsc "t\m¡m¯' a¡Ä

PohnXw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶Xv ^mIvSdn DS-a-Ifpw amt\-P-Àamcpw aäv Hm^okÀ-amcpamsW¶pw AÑ-\-½-amÀ a\-Ên-em-t¡-|-Xp-|v. tPmen t\Snb a¡Ä¡v C\n-sbmcn-¡epw AhÀ tPmen-sb-Sp¡p¶ Øm]-\§ - f - nÂ\n¶v `n¶-amb Hcp Pohn-Xtam AkvXn-Xztam D|m-Inà F¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. Ah-cpsS ka-bhpw DuÀÖhpw Cu Øm]-\-§-fmWv \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXp a\-Ên-em-¡msX "hfÀ¯n hep-Xm-¡nb' a¡Ä AÑ-\-½-amsc Dt]-£n¨p t]mbXm-bn-«mWv amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä A\p-`hn-¡m-dp-ÅX - .v \mw Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw A¶w Is|-¯p¶ coXn-¡\ - p-kr-Xa - mb PohnXw am{Xta \ap¡p e`n-¡p-Ib - p-Åq-sh¶pw AÃmsX I®n tNmc-bn-Ãm-¯, a\-Ên kvt\l-an-Ãm¯ a¡-fp-|m-b-Xà Imc-W-sa¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. "A½-bv¡-kp-J-amWv s]s«¶v ]pd-s¸-SpI' F¶ t^m¬hnfn, Ipd-¨p-ap-¼m-sW-¦n "I¼n', In«p-t¼mÄ Hm^o-kn-sebpw ^mIvSdn-bn-sebpw X§Ä sNbvXp XoÀt¡| IS-a-I-tfmÀ¯v sR«n \n¡p¶ a¡Ä¡v, F®n-¨p-«-¸w-t]mse In«p¶ Ah[nZn\-§Ä am{Xta DÅq-sh¶pw B Zn\-§Ä - ¡ - p-ÅnÂXs¶ A½-bpsS "Zo\w' t`Z-am-tI-|-Xp-s|¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. AÑsâ ac-W-¡n-Sbv¡¡ - c - n-In \nev¡p¶ a¡-fpsS a\-Ên Hm^o-kn Ipanªp IqSp¶ ^b-ep-Ifpw tPmen-bnÂ\n¶p ]ncn¨p hnSp-sa¶ `oj-Wnbp-amWv \ndªp \n¡p-¶-Xv. H¸w kz´w Ip«n-IÄ¡v `£-Wsam-cp¡n kvIqfp-I-fn-te¡v hntS-|-Xnsâ Bh-iy-I-X-bpw.

"Aѳ acn-¡m-¯-sX´v' F¶ A£-a-tbmsS Im¯p\n ¡p¶ a¡-fpsS apJw I|vv \n§Ä s]mbvs¡mÅq F¶p ]d-bp¶ ssZ-\yX \ndª AÑ-\½ - a - m-cpsS Ime-hp-am-Wn-Xv. CÃm¯ AkpJ-§-fp-s|¶v \Sn¨,v AX-dn-bn¨v a¡sf hcp¯n "Hcp-t\m¡p ImWp¶' AÑ-\½ - a - mcpw kz´w ho«nse D¯-ch - m-Zn-Xz§-tfmÀ¯v Hm^o-kn [mcmfw ]Wn-bp|v F¶v A£-at- bmsS ]d-bp¶ a¡fpw Cu hyh-km-bh - r¯n F¶p ]d-bp¶ ]pXnb Pohn-Xc - o-Xn-bpsS D ¸-¶-§-fm-Wv. AÃmsX Zbbpw kvt\lhpw IS-¸mSpw ad¶pt]mb ]p¯³Xe-apd Bb-Xp-sIm-|-Ã. ]ns¶ GXp-Im-e¯pw AÑ-\½-am-tcm-Sv acymZbv¡v s]cp-am-dm¯ a¡-fp-|m-bn-«p|v; Xncn-¨v a¡ -sf-sIm-Ãp-¶, shdp-¡p¶ AÑ-\-½-amcpw. "apÖ-•-i-{Xp-¡-fmWv Cu P•-]p{X'sc¶ sNmÃv Cu Xe-ap-d-bpsS Is|-¯-ep-aÃtÃm. hyh-kmbhÂIrX kaq-l§ - Ä BZy-ambn DS-se-Sp-¯Xv ]mÝm XytemI-amb bqtdm-¸n-em-sW¶p \mw HmÀ-¡-Ww. Pohn-X-co-Xn¡\p-kr-X-amb kwkvImcw \ap¡v cq]-s¸-SpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. PohnXcoXnsb a\-Ên-em-¡p-t¼mÄ ]mÝm-Xy-sat¶m ]u-c-kvXysat¶m Xcw-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Hcp imkv{Xob hn`-P-\-a-Ã. hyh-kmbhÂIrX kaq-ls - at¶m ImÀj-nI--ka - q-ls - at¶m \mbm-Snbpw s]dp273

a\pjycdnbm³

¡n-¯n¶pw Ign-bp¶ tKm{X-hÀ¤k-aq-ls - at¶m DÅ Xcw-Xn-cn-hp -I-fmWv \mw kzoI-cn-t¡-|-Xv. AÃm-sX, "]mÝmXy kwkvImcw' ]u-c-kvXy kaq-l-§-fn-emsI ]SÀ¶p ]nSn-¡p-I-bà kw`-hn-¡p¶-X.v ImS-¯w, {]mIrX kwkvIm-cw, ]u-ck - X v y-kw-kI v m-cw, ]mÝmXykw-kvImcw Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ kwkvImc k¦-e] v -\-§Ä Aim-kv{Xobhpw Dt]-£n-¡-s¸-tS-|-Xp-am-Wv.

274

cXns¯mgnensâ Bcw`w

hnhn[ tKm{X-§-fnÂs]« a\p-jysc cmPycq]oI-cW thf-bn ]nSn-¨p-sIm-|p-h¶ Imcyw \mw ap¼p kqNn-¸n¨n-cp-¶p-h-tÃm. c|mw-Xcw ]uc-•mcpw ]n¶oSv ASn-a-I-fpambn amdnb aäp tKm{X-hÀ¤-¯nse kv{XoIsf taÂX-«nepÅ ]pcp-j-•mÀ¡v {]m]n-¡p-hm³ Ah-cpsS k½-X-anÃm-sX-Xs¶ Ign-bp¶ ØnXn h¶p. aäv _lp`qcn-]£w Pohn-If - n-sebpw ]pcp-j³ F{X _e-hm-\m-bmepw kz´w CW-bpsS k½-X-¯n-\mbn, AhÄ ssewKn-I-ambn ]cp h - s - ¸«v Hcp-§m-\mbn, Im¯n-cn-¡p-¶X - mbn ImWmw. a\pjy-]p-cp-j\pw C§-s\-Xs - ¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ]t£, ASn-aI f - mbn sIm|p-h¶ kv{XoItfmSv Ah-cpsS A\p-hm-Za - n-Ãm -sX-Xs¶ _e-{]-tbm-K-§fneqsS _Ô-s¸Sm³ Ign-bpsa¶ ]pcp-jsâ "Adnhv' kv{XoI-fpsS s]mXp-hmb kmaqln-I- Øm-\-¯nsâ ASn-¯-d-bn-f-¡n.

ASn- a - I - f p- a mbn kz]p- c p- j ³ _Ô- ¯ n- t eÀs¸- S pt¼mÄ IqSp-X ASn-a-Isf krjvSn-¡p-I-sb¶ ZuXyw am{XamWv ta¯- « nse kv { XoIÄ AXn I|Xv .

IqSmsX kz]p-cp-jsâ kz¯p-¡-sfm-¶pw-Xs¶ ASn-a ¡p«n¡v \ÂtI- | - X nsö Adnhp|m- b n- c p- ¶ - X psIm|v kz´w CW-bpsS ]c-kv{Xo-K-a-\-¯n Aev]w CuÀjybpw Akq-bb - p-aà - msX bmsXmc-]I - S- hpw AhÀ¡v tXm¶n-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Ah-cpsS CuÀjy-bp-sSbpw Akq-bbp-sSbpw ]I-t]m-¡-ep-IÄ B ASn-a-kv{Xo-I-fpsS apIfnÂX-s¶-bm-bn-cp¶p \nÀh-ln-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶-Xv. ]pcp-j•mÀ \ntÈjw A§s\ {]Xn-Øm-\-¯p-\n¶v \o¡w sN¿-s¸-«p. ]t£, kz´w _ew aäp ]pcp-j-•msc tXmev ]n-¡p-Is - b¶XnÂ\n¶v `n¶-ambn kv{XoIÄ¡p apI-fn {]tbm-Kn-¡p-Is - b¶, AXpw ssewKnI_Ô-¯n-\p-th|n D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I-sb¶ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hyXymkw ChnsS kw`-hn-¡p-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - .v _em-Xk v wKw Ncn-{X-¯n-sâ `mK-ambn amdn. ASn-a-kv{Xo-IÄ ta¯-«nse ]pcp-j•msc kpJn-¸n-¡m³th|n BSp-Ibpw ]mSp-Ibpw sNbvXv 275

a\pjycdnbm³

Hcp t`mK-hk - X v p- hmbn amdp-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - .v A§s\ B kv{XoIfpsS AhØ FÃm kv{XoI-fn-te¡pw ]n¨-sh-¨v ]n¨sh¨v F¯nt¨-cp-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - v. C¶v ]pcp-jt - I-{µo-Ir-Xa - m-bn-«pÅ Cu kaql-§-fn BSp-I-bpw ]mSp-Ibpw ssewKnItNmZ-\bv¡v BIÀj -I-ambn \nev¡p-Ibpw sNt¿| KXn kv{XoIÄ¡v kw`-hn-¨Xv C§-s\-bm-Wv. asäm¶v, kmaq-ln-I\ - oXn Dd-¸m-¡m³ Cd-§n-¸p-ds - ¸« alm-•mcpw aX{]Nm-c-Icpw Hcp ]pcp-j-\v Hcp kv{Xo F¶ aqeyw {]Nm-c-¯nem-¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶Xv an¡ thZ-]p-kvX-I-§-fnepw ImWmw. Ip«nI-fpsS hfÀ¨sbbpw \ne-\nev]ns\bpw Npän-¸än Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤¯nsâ XpSÀ¨ Dd-¸m-¡p¶ bpàn-X-s¶-bmWv CXnsâ ]n¶n hÀ¯n-¨n-cp¶ {][m\ tNtXm-hn-Im-c-w. H¸w kaq-l-h-fÀ¨bv¡v ]pcp-j-•mÀ X½n-epÅ t]mcv, AXpw kv{XoIÄ¡p-th-|n-bpÅ t]mcv, Ipd-bv¡m³ Hcp ]pcp-j\v Hcp kv{Xosb¶ {]Xn-hn-[n-bmWv AhÀ Is|-¯n-b-Xv. ]t£, CXv ]e- CW Pohn-hÀ¤-¯nse HcwKsa-¶-\n-e-bn ]pcp-j•mÀ¡-m-N-cn-¡m³ Ign-bmsX h¶p sh¶pw \ap¡v ImWmw. CtXÀs¸-Sp-¯nb hnI-kn-X-k-aq-l-§-fnseÃmw Cu kmaq-ly-aqeyw cl-ky-ambn adn-I-S¡m\pÅ ]gp-Xp-If-t\z-jn-¡pI-sb-¶-Xmbn ]n¡me ]pcp-j-Po-hn-X-§-sf-Ãmw. kmaq-lnI hnIm-k¯ - nsâ `mK-ambn tk\-IÄ cq]-s¸-«s - X-§s\-sb¶v \mw I|p-I-gn-ª-tÃm. "_e-apÅ' ]pcp-j-•mÀ tk\-bnte¡v Xnc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-SpI hfsc "kzm`m-hn-I-'am-Wv. C¡m-c-W¯m tk\ F¶p ]d-ªm ]pcp-j-¡q-«-sa-¶mWv AÀ°w.

AXp-t]mse A\y-tZ-i§ - f - n-te¡v I¨-hS- k - w-_Ô - n-bmb bm{X-IÄ Bcw-`n-¨-t¸mgpw CtX {]{InbXs¶-bmWv kw`-hn-¨-Xv. hWn-¡pI-fmbpw I¸Âk©m-cn-I-fmbpw FÃmw ]pcp-j-¡q-«w-X-s¶-bmWv D|mbn h¶-Xv. H¸w, kv{XoI-fnÂ\n¶v IhÀs¶-Sp¯ Bcm-[y Øm\§fpw a-X{- ]-Nm-cI - k - w-Lhpw ]pcp-j¡ - q-«w-Xs - ¶-bmbn amdpI-bm-Wp-|m-bX -- v. C§s\ Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤w aps¼m-cn-¡epw A\p`-hn-¨n-«nÃm¯Xc-¯n-ep-Å Hcp {]Xn-kÔ - n- a\p-jy-s\¶ PohnhÀ¤¯nse ]pcp-j•mÀ¡p-|m-bn. AXm-bXv kz´w CW-I-fmb kv{XoIÄ CÃmsX ]e-Xc - ¯ - n s]«p-t]mb ]pcp-j¡ - q-«w \K-c§ -fp-sSbpw km{am-Py-§-fp-sSbpw hfÀ¨ ImcWw ]pcpjkwL-§fpsS Hä-s¸« Xpcp-¯p-Ifmbn temI-sa-¼mSpw cq]-s¸«p.

Chn-sS-bmWv tk\-IÄ¡pw km{am-Py-§Ä¡pw I¨-h-S-kw-L§Ä¡pw aX-kw-LS- \ - I - Ä¡pw cq]w-sIm-Sp¯, AXn\p t\XrXzw sImSp¯ t\Xm-¡Ä¡v Cu ]pcp-j-¡q-«-¯nsâ kzm`m-hn-I-amb ssewKn-I-tNm-Z\ F§s\ ssIImcyw sN¿Ww F¶ {]iv\w Ah-cpsS ap¶n Hcp ae-t]mse hfÀ¶p h¶Xv. ]c-k] v cw 276

cXns¯mgnensâ Bcw`w

277

a\pjycdnbm³

t]mc-Sn¨v CWsb Xnc-sª-Sp-t¡| ]pcp-j-•mÀ Hcn-W-sbbpw e`n-¡msX Ipsd-¡mew H¶n¨p Ign-ªm Df-hm-Ip¶ kwLÀjw BÀ¡pw Duln-¡m-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åq. Chn-sS-bmWv FÃm ]S-tbm-«§-fp-sSbpw XpSÀ¨-bmbn tk\-IÄ _emÂkw-K¯n GÀs¸Sp-¶Xnsâ clkyw \ap¡v a\-Ênem-Ip-¶-Xv. A\y-]p-cp-j-•msc bYmÀ°-¯n tXm¸n-¡m-\m-Ip-¶Xv Ah-cpsS CW-I-fn X§-fpsS _oPw \nt£-]n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¶pÅ Pohn-t_m-[hpw CXn\v B¡w Iq«n. kz´w P\n-XIw \ne-\n-dp-¯m-\pÅ ]pcp-jXzc A§s\ Htc kabw FXn-cm-fnsb tXm¸n-¡p-¶-Xnepw Ahsâ CWsb Iogvs]Sp-¯p-¶X - nepw ]qÀ®am-Ip-Ib - m-bn-cp-¶p.

CXv Hcp hi¯v \S-¡p-t¼mÄ, aX-{]-hm-NI - À "{_Ò-Ncyw' F¶ {_Òmkv{Xw {]tbm-Kn¨mWv ]pcp-jk - ¶ - ym-kn-kw-L§ - f - n ssewKnI-\nb-{´-W-taÀs¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv. ]pcp-jip¢¯nsâ al-¯z-hXv I- c Whpw Bßo- b u- ¶ Xy¯n- t e- ¡ pÅ {]bm- W - ¯ n AXn \pÅ ]¦nsâ {]Xy-b-imkv{Xhn-i-Zo-I-c-Whpw CXnsâ {]tbm-K£-aX Dd¸p hcp-¯n. k¶ym-kn-kw-L§ - Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb aX-hn ` - m-K§ - f - n-emWv Cu {_Ò-Ncyw AsÃ-¦n ssewKn-Ik - w-ba - \w Hcp aqeyw F¶ \ne-bn C{X-b-[nIw DbÀ¯n-¡m-«-s¸-Sp-¶-sX¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¨m ImWphm³ Ignbpw. CXnÂX-s¶, {InkvXp-a-X¯n Cu ip¢-a-lna hnkvX-cn-¡-s¸-Sm-Xn-cp-¶-Xn-\m CXnsâ B´-c-hXvI-cn¨ {]tbm-K-£-aX Hcp ka-b¯pw D|m-bn-«n-Ã.

IjvSw ]nSn-¨p-X-s¶-bmWv AhÀ Ign-ªn-cp-¶-Xv. B¬Ip-«n-I-fpambn ssewKn-I_ - Ô - ¯ - n-teÀs¸-Sm¯ ]Åo-e¨ - • - mÀ Xptemw Ipdhm-W.v CÉmwaX-¯n C¯cw k¶ym-kn-kw-L§ - Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n -b-«n-Ãm-¯-Xn-\m ssewKn-I-kw-b-a\w AXn Hcp `mc-ambn amdn -bn«n-Ã. ]mhw k¶ym-kn-amÀ! CXn hniz-kn-¨-sb{X-sb{Xt]À, kz´w enwK-¯n sXmSm³t]mepw Ign-bmsX ISn-¨p-]n-Sn¨,v Dd-¡ C¶pw Pohn-an-f¨v, t\cw shfp-¸n-¨v, Pohn¨v acn¨pt]mbn.... ¡p¶p! CXnsâsbÃmw "]m]w' Bcv XoÀ¯m Xocpw! shdpsX In«n-bn-cp¶ ssewKn-I-kpJw, kzbw-t`m-K-cq-]-¯nÂt]mepw e`n¡msX ac-W-s¸-«p-t]mb Bßm-¡Ä¡v im´nx!

F¶mÂ, Iogvs¸-Sp-¯-s¸« cmPy-§-fn `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp¯n "A\y'-cm-Py-§Ä "kz´w'cmPy-§-fmbn amäp¶ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡pap¶n ISn-ªm-Wn-Ãm¯ _emÂkwKw Hcp kmaqly]cn-lm-c-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. km{am-Py-§fpsS GIo-I-c-W¯n-\mbn hyXykvX kaql§sf H¶n¨p sIm|phcp-¶-Xn\v GI-ssZ-h§ - sf krjvSn-¡p¶ Xnc¡n-em-bn-cp¶ AhÀ¡v "A\ysc' \ne-\n-dp-¯p¶ _emÂkw-K§Ä A\p-hZ- n-¡m-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]t£, ]pcp-j¡q«§-fpsS ssewKn-I-tNm-Z\ \nb-{´-W-hn-t[-b278

cXns¯mgnensâ Bcw`w

ambn ian-¸n-¡m³ ]p¯³ t{kmX-Êp-IÄ Is|-t¯| Bhiyw AhÀ¡p-|m-bn. Chn-sS-bmWv "\K-c-h-[p'¡fpw tZhZmkn k{¼Zm-b-§fpw thiym-hr-¯nbpw Iq¯-¨n-Ifpw FÃmw D|m-bXv. kv{XoI-fpsS taÂt¡mbva \jvS-s¸«v \n¶n-cp¶ ]gb BNm-ck-{¼-Zm-b§ - sf C¯-c¯ - n amän-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xv kpK-aa - m-bn-cp-¶p.

FhnsS tk\-IÄ X¼-Sn-¨pthm Ahn-sS-sbÃmw Xm¡m-en-Iamb ssewKn-I-tam-N-\-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb CW-Isf cmPm-¡-•mÀ Xs¶ \evIn-bn-cp¶ Ncn{Xw \ap¡p ImWmw. H¸w, hnI-kn¨ GXp \K-c-¯nepw ssewKn-I-sXm-gn-ensâ Hcp {]tZ-iw-Xs¶ cq]-s¸-«p.

Ahn-sS-bmWv Iq«-ambn h¶ hWn-¡p-Ifpw cl-ky-ambn t]mb aX-{]-Nm-c-Icpw Ah-cpsS ssewKn-I-tNm-Z\ AS-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. \ne-hn-en-cp¶ `c-WIqS§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«mWv \K-c-h-[p-¡fpw tZh-Zm-kn-Ifpw \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶Xv F¶v a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-b-¯¡-h®w hfsc hyà-ambn IuSn-eysâ AÀ°-im-k{v X-¯n hni -Z-am-bn-¯s¶ Cu kv{XoI-fpsS kwc-£-W-¨p-a-Xe `c-W-IqSw F§s\ Gsä-Sp-¡-W-sa¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p-|v. temI-sa-¼m-SpapÅ \K-c-§-fpsS IY-sb-Sp¯p t\m¡n-bm Cu Ncn{Xw Aev]kzev]w {]mtZinI hyXym-k-§-tfm-Sp-IqSn Htc coXn-bn Xs¶bmWv cq]w sIm|sX¶v ImWm³ Ign-bpw. BZy-Ime \K-c-h-[p -¡Ä¡v kaq-l-a-²y-¯n henb Øm\-am-Wv D|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. ]Z-hnbpw kz¯pw Ahsc tXSn F¯n-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-cm-Is« kpIp-amcIe-I-fn sshZKv²yw t\Sn ]pcpj lrZ-b-§sf Ihcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. A{a-]m-en-bpsS £Ww kzoI-cn¨v Ah-fpsS sIm«m-c-¯n t]mbn hkn-¡m\pw Blmcw Ign-¡m\pw Ah-fpsS Zm\w kzoI-cn -¡m\pw Hcp aSnbpw _p²\p|m-bn-cp-¶nà F¶Xv kaq-l-a-²y¯nse Ah-fpsS Øm\w hfsc hep-Xm-bn-cp¶p F¶p ImWn¡p¶-XmWv. {iocm-asâ ]«m-`n-tj-I-Zn-hkw \K-c-ho-Yn-I-sfÃmw A\ytZ-i-§-fnÂ\n¶v Cd-¡p-aXn sNbvX tZh-Zm-kn-I-fm Aew-Ir-Xam-bn-cp¶p F¶v hmevaoIn Fgp-Xp-t¼mÄ AhÀ Ahn-sS-sbÃmw \nc¶p \nev¡p-¶-Xn Hc]m-I-Xbpw At±-l-¯n\p ImWp-hm³ Ign-ªn-cp-¶n-Ã. \K-c-h-[p-¡fpw sIm«m-c-K-Wn-I-Ifpw cmPy-`-c-W¯n CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw \nb-{´n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp¶ Ncn-{Xhpw temI-sa-¼m-Sp-ap-|v. Ch-cpsS Øm\w kaq-l-a-²y-¯n \jvS-s¸Sm³ XpS-§n-bXv ssewKn-IX ]m]-am-sW¶pw ]c-kv{Xo-Ka - \w t¾¨am-sW¶papÅ Hcp hn`mKw {InkvXob aX-{]-hm-N-I-cpsS {]N-cWhpw cmPm-¡• - m-cpsS ]n³Xp-SÀ¨m-hI - miw Dd-¸n-¡p-¶X - n-\m-hiy -ambn cq]-s¸« GIm-`m-cym-`ÀXr-k-¦-e] v \w B[p-\nI kmaq-ly279

a\pjycdnbm³

L-S\ - b - psS ASn-Øm-\a - mbpw amdn-bX - n\ptij-am-W.v BZy-Im-e¯v kz¯v cmPm-¡-•mÀ¡v am{X-ap-|m-bn-cp¶ Hcp Imcy-am-bn-cp-¶p.

Ah kz´w a¡Ä¡v sImSp-¡m-\mbn, AXnsâ Dd-¸n-\mbn, cq]s¸« GI-`m-cym-`ÀXr-{hXw ]n¡m-e¯v kz¯v `mKw-h¨v FÃmhÀ¡pw In«n-bt- ¸mÄ s]mXp-aq-ey-am-bn. Cu s]mXp-aq-eyhpw kz´w P\n-XI {]km-cWw Dd-¸m-¡m-\pÅ Pohn-t_m-[-Xz-cbpw ssI tImÀ¯-t¸mÄ B[p-\nI kmaq-ly-k-Zm-Nm-c-am-bn. temIw-ap-gp-h\pw kqcy-\-kvX-an-¡m¯ km{am-Py-ap-|m-¡nb {_n«ojv `c-W-IqSw cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb s]mXp-\n-baw ta¸-dª ssewKnIs¯mgn-ens\ Xcw-Xm-gv¯p-Ibpw ]n¡m-e¯v \ntcm[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - .v C§s\ ]pcp-j¡ - q-«§ - Ä¡v ssewKn-Ii - a - \ - ¯ - n\v Hcp]m[n-bmbn cq]-s¸-«p-h¶ thiym-hr-¯nbpw AXn-t\m-S\ - p-_Ô - n¨p h¶n-«pÅ aäp ssewKn-Ih - r-¯n-Ifpw Hgn-hm -¡m-\pÅ {ia-amWv B[p-\nI kaq-l-§Ä FÃmw-Xs¶ sNbvXpsIm-|n-cn-¡p-¶X - .v CXv F§s\ ssIImcyw sN¿-Ws - at¶m B[p -\nI \oXn-t_m-[-¯n-\-\p-kr-X-ambn F´p ]cn-lm-c-amWv \nÀt±in-¡m-\p-Å-sXt¶m AdnbmsX FÃm-h-cpw Dg-ep¶ Hcp Ime¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. "kzX{´']uc-cp|m-bn-cn-¡p¶ B[p-\nI Ime¯v cXnhym]m c - s¯bpw sXmgn-en-s\bpw \mw F§-s\-bmWv kao-]n-t¡-|s - X¶v \ap-s¡m¶p t\m¡mw. amthm-bpsS Ime¯v ssN\-bnse cXns¯m-gn \ntÈjw XpS¨p amän-bX - mbn {]Jym-]n-¡s - ¸-Sp-Ib - p-|mbn. tkmjy-enÌv cmPy-§-fnsem¶pw "_qÀjz Acm-P-I-Xz-'¯nsâ PoÀ®n¨ apJ-amb thiym-hr¯n \ne-\n-ev¡m³ km²y-X-bn-Ã-tÃm; \ne\nev¡m³ ]mSp-Å-Xp-a-Ã-tÃm. "ssewKnImk-àn'-sb-¸-än-bpÅ kmaq-ly-]-c-hpw ssPh-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb Adnhn-Ãm-bva-bn \n-¶m-cw-`n-¨-XmWv Cu kao-]\coXn-sb¶v \ap¡v Hät\m«-¯n a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-bpw. aXm-[n-]-Xy-Im-e¯v AaqÀ¯-amb Poh\m-bn-cp¶p kXyw, ico-c-a-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. tkmjy-enÌp \nÀ½mW Ime¯v kmaq-ly-kz-Xz-t_m-[tam AkvXn-Xztam BWv Cu Poh \p]Icw icoc-¯n-\p-Ån {]Xn-jT v n-¡s - ¸-«X - .v "kXy'amb kmaqly AkvXn-Xz-am-Is« amä-¯n\p hnt[-bhpw; AXn-\m amä-s¸-tS-|Xp-am-Wv. C¯-c-samcp kao-]-\-co-Xn-bm-bn-cp¶p FÃm I½yq-WnÌv CS-s]-S-en-sâbpw ASn-Øm-\w.

C¯-cs - amcp CS-s]-Se - n\p hnt[-ba - mb, Npcp-§n-b] - £w A¼Xp hÀjs¯ Ncn-{X-apÅ, "tkmjy-enÌv t»m¡n'se cmPy-§f - n P\n¨ ]p¯³ Xe-ap-db - nse "kv{Xokz-Xz-t_m-[§ - '-fmWv C¶v temI-s¯hn-sS-bp-apÅ, \½psS Cu Zcn{Z C´y-h-sc-bpÅ, cmPy-§-fnse ssewKnI hyh-km-b-¯nse apJy BIÀjW ico-c-§Ä. kn\n-a280

cXns¯mgnensâ Bcw`w

I-fnse \mbn-Ia - mÀ¡p ]n¶n Ah-sc-¡mfpw sabvhg¡-t¯msS \r¯w sN¿p¶ Cu "shfp¯ kpµ-cn-I-Ä' I½yq-WnÌv CS-s]-Sen-\ptijw AXn-\p-Ån ]qÀ®-ambpw \nÀ½n-¡-s¸« kzXz-t_m[-§Ä t]dp¶ ico-c-§-fm-Wv. KÄ^v taJ-e-bn Cu ico-c-§Ä Imdp-IÄ ]mÀ¡p sN¿p¶ CS-§f - nÂhsc "shfp¯ sXmen I|v A´w-hn«' \½psS ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v e`y-am-sW-¶p-IqSn HmÀ¡-Ww. F´m-bn-cn¡mw Ahsc C¯cw Hcp sXmgn Xnc-sª-Sp-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n¨ LS-Iw? \½psS {Kma-§-fnÂ\n¶pw "H¶p-a-dn-bm¯' Ip«n-I-sfbpw bph-Xn-I-sfbpw t]mse Ch-sc-sb-Ãm-h-scbpw ]nSn¨p sIm|ph¶-Xm-sW¶v \mw Icp-Xp-¶pt|m? cXnhym]m-cs - ¯bpw "a\p-jy-¡S - ¯ - n-'s\bpw \mw Iq«n-¡p-g¨p a\-Ên-em-¡-cp-Xv. a\p-jy¡-S¯v ASn-a-Isf ]nSn-¨p-sIm-|p-h¶ Ime¯v Bcw-`n-¨X - m-Wv. AXn ssewKnI sXmgn-ensâ Bhiyw ]qcn-¸n-¨Xv hfsc sNdnb Hcp iX-am-\-am-Wv. a\p-jy-¡-S-¯m-Is« FhnsS P\-kwJy hÀ²n-¨,v sXmgnepw PohnX\ne-hm-chpw CSnªv \«w-Xn-cn-bp¶ P\-§f - psS Bh-iy-¯n-eS- n-Øm-\a - mbn cq]-s¸-Sp¶ H¶m-W.v tIc-f¯ - nÂ\n¶pw ]mkvt]mÀ«pw hnk-bp-sam¶p-an-ÃmsX tem©p-I-fn Ibdn KÄ^n-te¡p IpSn-tb-dnb FÃm ae-bm-fnIfpw a\p-jy-¡S- ¯ - n-eqsS "]¨-]n-Sn-¨'-hc - m-W.v Cu a\p-jy-¡S- ¯ - n sImÃ-s¸-«h - c - p-w NXn-¡s - ¸-«h - c - p-w Bß-lXy sNbvXh - c - p-w XoÀ¯ aW¡m-«nse acp-¸-¨-I-fmWv ta¸-dª ]¨-]n-Sn-¨-hÀ. _w¥m-tZ-inÂ\n¶pw \½psS {Kma-§-fnÂ\n¶pw KÄ^nse H«I-¸p-d¯ - n-cp¶v Icªv H«-I§ - f - psS KXn-thKw hÀ²n-¸n¨v ]´-bth-Zn-I-fn hnP-bn-¸n-¡m³, Ip«n-Isf hnebv¡p hm§n sIm|pt]m-Ip-¶Xpw a\p-jy-¡-S-¯m-Wv. hnb-äv\m-anÂ\n¶pw "tXmWn¡q«'sa¶v A]-c-\mat[-b-¯n Ad-nb-s¸« P\-§Ä Bkvt{Sen-bb - n-te¡v IpSn-tbdn ]mÀ¡m³ Xocp-am-\n-¨X - nsâ ]n¶nepw Cu a\p-jy-¡-S-¯m-Wv. C¶v ]m¡n-Øm-\nÂ\n¶pw A^vKm-\n-Øm\nÂ\n¶pw AÑ-\½ - I - p-ªp-Ip-«n-IÄ klnXw AS-¨p-]q-«nb I|bn-\À temdn-I-fn izmkwap«n acn¨v bqtdm-¸n F¯p-¶Xpw a\p-jy-¡-S-¯m-Wv. tkmam-en-bm-bnÂ\n¶pw ISÂs¡m-Å-¡m-cmIm¯ _m¡n- b p- Å - h À, s]m«n- s ¸m- f nª h³tXm- W n- I - f n {Koknsâ kao-]a - pÅ Zzo]p-If - n F¯p-¶X - n\pap¼v ap§nacn-¡p¶Xpw Cu a\p-jy-¡-S-¯nsâ ^e-am-bn-«m-Wv. AXn-\m "a\p-jy¡-S¯pw cXn-s¯m-gnepw kaw' F¶ a\-Ên-em-¡Â \mw Xncp-t¯|-Xp-|v. cXnhym]m-c-¯n-te¡v Bscbpw "IS-¯n-'s¡m|p t]mIp-¶nà F¶v ChnsS AÀ°-am-¡p-I-b-Ã. adn¨v, atä-sXmcp sXmgnÂt]mse AXpw a\p-jy-¡-S-¯nsâ `mK-am-Wv. A{X-am-{Xw. ssewKn-IX Fs´¶pw AXn-¯ - s¶ ]pcp-j• - mÀ F´p-sIm-|v kv{XoI-fpsS ]ndsI "X¡w-]mÀ¯p' \S-¡p-¶-sX¶pw \mw a\-Ên281

a\pjycdnbm³

em-¡n-¡-gn-ª- tÃm. ssewKn- I - sXm- g n- en GÀs¸-S p¶ kv{Xo I-fm-bmepw ]pcp-j-•m-cm-bmepw sXm®q-säm-¼Xp iX-am-\hpw ]pcp-j-•mÀ¡p th|n-bm-sW¶ "Ak-´p-en-X-amb A\p-]mXw' Cu sXmgn-ensâ ico-c-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hyXym-kw-sIm|v hni-Zo-Icn-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶X - m-Wv; AÃmsX ]pcp-jm-[n-]X - yw-sIm-|à - . ]pcp-j• - mcpsS PohnXZuXyw kv{XoIsf {]m]n¨v Xsâ XpSÀ¨ Dd-¸m-¡p-Ibm-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-¡-gn-ªp. ssewKn-IX "kpJn-¡m³' am{X-am-sW¶ aX-{]-Nm-c-I-cp-sSbpw kmaq-ly-imkv{XNn´-I-cpsSbpw cmjv{Sobt\Xm-¡-fp-sSbpw sXän-²m-cWaqew Fs´Ãmw hnjahr¯-§-fn-te-¡mWv \mw F¯n-t¨À¶-sX¶v \ap-¡n-¶-dnbm-at- Ãm. "kpJw' ssewKn-IX - b - n Hfn-¸n¨ph¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv Pohsâ XpSÀ¨ Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\pth|n-bm-Wv. AXp ]qhnse tX\nsâ bpàn-bnÂ\n¶m-cw-`n-¨XpsIm|p-|m-b-Xm-Wv. AXp ]cn-Wm-a]-c-ambn cq]s¸-«-Xm-Wv. \mw a\p-jyÀ asäÃm ck-§fpw KpW§fpw hnhr-X-am¡n hnI-kn-¸n-¨-t¸mÄ ssewKnIkpJhpw hnhr-Xam¡n hnI-kn-¸n¨p F¶p am{Xw. Zmcn-{Zyw-sIm-|v am{XamWv kv{XoIÄ CXn-te¡v IS¶p hcp-¶sX¶ Nn´m]cn-kc - ¯ - p-\n¶v Bcw-`n¨ "Adn-hp'-If - mWv temIs¯ \nb-a§ - fpw kZm-Nmc hne-¡p-If - p-saÃmw D|m-¡m-\n-Sb - m-¡n-bX - v.

F¶mÂ, Zmcn{Zyw Hcp {][m-\L - S - I - a - m-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄXs¶ "F´p hne' sImSp¯pw ]pcp-j• - mÀ CX-t\z-jn-s¨¯pw F¶pÅ Adnhpw "taml-hne' Npa¯n Ffp¸w Imcyw km[n-s¨-Sp¯v X\n¡pw Xsâ IpSpw-_-¯n\pw ]pe-cm-\mIpw F¶ bpàn apX X\n¡v Hcn¡epw aäp sXmgn-ep-sNbvXv t\Sm³ km²y-a-Ãm¯ kpJ-ku-I-cy§Ä F¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m-\mIpw F¶ bpànbpw A[n-Imc]Z-hn-I-fnep-Å-hsc cXn-bn-eqsS \nb--{´n¨v A[n-Im-c-ap-Å-h-fm-Im³ km[n -¡p-sa¶ bpànbpw kzbw B\-µn¨,v ckn¨v, D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz§ -sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsX Pohn-¡m-\m-Ip-sa¶ bpànhsc ]c¶p InS-¡p¶XmWv cXn-s¯m-gn-ense s]¬h-iw. Asæn Zmcn-{Zy-an-Ãm¯ kaql-ta¯-«nse kv{Xo]p-cpjcXns¯mgn-em-fn-If - psS AkvXnXzw hni-Zo-Ic - n-¡m-\mImsX \mw Dg-epw. "am\y-cmb' kv{XoIÄ Hcn-¡epw Cu sXmgn-en-te¡v IS¶phcnà F¶ "{]nh³j³ Hm^v Ct½m-d {Sm^n-¡nMv' F¶ \nb-a¯ - nsâ Bcw`]cn-kcw C¯cw Hcp sXän²m-c-W-bnÂ\n¶v DS-se-Sp-¯-Xm-Wv. ]pcp-j-P\-¯nsâ Bhiyhpw kv{XoP-\¯ - nsâ Bh-iyhpw Hcp-t]mse DÄt¨À¶ H¶mWv cXn-s¯m-gnÂ. AXn-\m \ntcm-[\ - ¯ - nsâ, hne-¡p-If - psS bpànbnÂ\n¶pw tamNn¨v atä-sXmcp sXmgnepwt]mse AXn-s\bpw I|v \nb-a-hn-t[-b-am-¡p-I-bmWv B[p-\nI kaqlw sNt¿-|-Xv. CXv kz´w Xocp-am-\a - n-ÃmsX cXn-s¯m-gn sN¿m³ \nÀºÔn¸n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ lX-`m-Ky-cmb bph-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw Ip«n-I-fp-sSbpw 282

cXns¯mgnensâ Bcw`w

Pohn-X-¯n\v \ymbo-I-c-W-a-Ã. AsXm-gn-hm-¡-s¸-tS-|-Xp-X-s¶bm-W.v F§-s\-bmWv temI-sa-¼mSpw ASn-a¯w \nÀ¯-em-¡n-bX - ,v F§-s\-bmWv \man¶v _me-the \nÀ¯-em-¡n-s¡m-|n-cn-¡p-¶Xv AXp-t]mse Hgn-hm-¡m³ km²y-am-Ip¶ H¶p-Xs - ¶-bmWv \nÀºÔnX cXn-s¯m-gnÂ. {]mb-]-cn-[n -\nÀ®-bn¨pw Ipdª-th-X\w \nPs¸-Sp-¯nbpw tPmen-Ø-es¯ ]oU-\-§-sfm-gn-hm-¡nbpw F§-s\-bmWv \mw Poh-\¡msc kwc-£n-¡p-¶Xv AXp-t]m-seXs¶ km²y-amb H¶mWv cXn-s¯m-gn-ense ]oU\-ta-J-e-IÄ.

AÃmsX {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bm-bh - c - psS ssewKn-It - Nm-Z\ - I - Ä¡v C¶p \man-Sp¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ ISn-ªm-Wp-IÄ C«m IqSp-X ssewKnIm-{I-a-W-]-c-amb kaq-ls¯ \mw \nÀ½n-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw.

AXn-\p-tijw a\p-jym-[x- ]-X\ - ¯ - n-sâbpw {Iqc-XI - f - p-sSbpw IYbnÃmbv aIÄ]mSn Ihn- I Ä¡v hnem]Imhy- \nÀ½mW¯n\pw Úm\-]o-Tn-X-cm-Im\pw kuI-cy-sam-cp-¡pI am{Xsa \½psS ap¶n- Hcp KXn-bmbn D|mhp-I-bp-Åq.

283

F´mWv kZm-Nmcw

GZ³tXm-«¯ - nse ]gw Xn¶-Xn\ptij-amWv BZ-¯n\pw lÆbv¡pw Xncn-¨-dn-hp-|m-b-Xv. AXp-hsc inip-k-l-Pamb \njvI-f-¦-X-tbm-sSbpw emfn-Xy-t¯m-sSbpw FÃmw t\m¡n-¡-|n-cp¶ AhÀ¡v "icnbpw sXäpw' "\ÃXpw XobXpw' "am\hpw A]-am-\hpw' FÃmw Xncn-¨d - n-bm-\m-bXv AXn\ptij-am-Wv. AXm-bXv AhÀ Ign¨ ]gw "Xncn-¨dn-hn'sâ ]g-am-sW¶p ImWmw. Cu ]gw Xn¶m³ BZs¯ t{]cn-¸n¨ Hcp Ipä-amWv lÆ sNbvXs - X-¦nepw ssZh-¯nsâ tIm]-¯n\v Cc-bm-bn-¯o-cm³ Imc-W-¡m-cn-sb¶ \nebn lÆ shdp-¡-s¸-«-h-fm-bn-¯oÀ¶p. ]pcp-j-ho-£-WtIm-WnÂ\n¶v t\m¡p-t¼mÄ Ahs\ tamln-¸n¨v GZ³ tXm«-¯nÂ\n¶v ]pd-¯m-¡-s¸-Sm\pw "]m]n'bmbn¯o cm\pw CS-bm-¡n-bXv lÆ-bm-sW¶v ImWmw. A§-s\bmWv, Ahs\ tamln-¸n-¡p¶, Imam-Xp-c\ - m-¡p¶ kv{Xo tami-s¸« Hcp IYm-]m-{X-am-Ip-¶-Xv. Cu "tami-s¸-S-en' \n¶v Bcw-`n-¨-mWv Ah-\nse Imam-Xp-cX DWÀ¯m³ Ign-hpÅ kv{Xo tami-s¸-«-h-fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sm³C-Sh¶-Xv. CXmWv ]n¡m-e¯v "{InkvXob ]pcp-j-¡mgvN'- bn kv{Xobm-bn-cn-¡pI, Ah-\n Ima-ap-WÀ¯pI, XpS-§n-bh - s - bÃmw tami-s¸« Imcy-ambn KWn-¡s - ¸-Sm³ CS-bm-¡n-bX - .v A§n-s\bmWv, {InkvXpaX-¯nepw AXp {]N-cn¡s¸« aäp `qJ-WU v § - f - nepw kv{Xobpw Ah-tfmSp _Ô-s¸«ph¶ ssewKn-IX - bpw AXm-bXv, kz´w XpSÀ¨ Dd-¸m-¡p¶ kmt¦-XnIhnZy, A[-a-am-b-Xv. {InkvXp-a-X-¯nsâ kzm[o\w bqtdm-¸nÂ\n-¶p-Å IpSn-tbäw ImcWw temI-sa-¼mSpw F¯n-t¨À¶p. A§s\-bmWv aäv \mSp-I-fnep|m-bn-cp¶ DuÀÆ-cXm NS-§pI-sf-Ãmw-Xs¶ Ahn-Ss¯ Bcm-[-\m-k{¼Zmb-§-fn \n¶pw _ln-jI v r-Xa - m-hp-Ibpw kv{XoIÄ IqSp-X ]m]n I - f - m-bn-¯o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXX - v. a\p-jy-P•w ssZh-¯n-se¯n-t¨-cm-\pÅ AsÃ-¦n Bßm-hns\ Adn-bm-\p-Å AXp- a - s Ã- ¦ n kXy- k m- £ m- X v I m- c - ¯ n- \ pÅ CS- a m284

F´mWv kZm-Nmcw

sW¶ a\-Ên-em-¡epw AXn\p XSÊw \nev¡p-¶Xv kv{Xosb¶ Ima-ap-WÀ¯p¶ P•-am-sW¶pw A\-´h - n-im-eX - b - n-te¡v ]d-¶pb-cm³ sh¼p¶ ]pcp-j-Po-hn-X-§sf Xf-¨n-Sp¶ IqSmWv IpSpw_-Po-hnXw Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ k¦-e] v § - f - p-ambn Ign-ªn-cp¶ tKm{XhÀ¤þImÀjnIkwkvIm-c§ - f - n-te-¡mWv ssewKn-IX ]m]-am-sW¶ {InkvXob Nn´ Hcp he-t]mse h¶p-hoWv hcnªp apdp-¡n-b-Xv. ssewKn-IX, AXv {]P\-\-{]-{In-bbv¡v Pohn-IÄ Is|-¯nb X{´-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡msX, Pohn-¡p-¶XpXs¶ tam£-¯n\p th|n-bm-sW¶v sXän-²-cn¨ a\p-jy]p-cp-j³ \nÀ½n¨ ]m]-Nn-´bmWv Pohn-X-¯nse Gähpw Dujva-f-amb ssewKn-I-Xsb XÅn¸-d-bp-¶n-S -t¯¡v a\p- jy- s c- ¯ n- t ¨À¶- X n- \p Imc-Ww. FÃm "]pcm-W'-_p-²n-Po-hn-Ifpw _e-s¸-Sp-¯nb Cu he Pohn-kl - P - a - mb Akq-bbpw aÕ-chpw \nan¯w C¶v IqSp-X IqSp-X apdp-IpI-bm-Wv. C¯cw Hcp kµn-Kv²m-h-Ø-bn-emWv \msa-Ãm-h-cpw. ssewKn-IX Hcp-Xc - ¯ - n-es - Ã-¦n asämcpXc-¯n ]m]hpw sXäpam-sW¶ Nn´ C¶v FÃm kaq-l-§-sfbpw Iym³-kÀt]mse _m[n¨p Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. ssewKnIsXänÂ\n¶v FÃm-hs - cbpw tamNn-¸n-¡Ww F¶ Hscmä Dt±-iyt¯m-sS-bmWv \mw \nÀ½n¡p¶ \nb-a-§fpw kZm-Nmchyh-Ø-Ifpw FÃmw D¶w hbv¡p¶-Xv. AXn-\m Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp ssewKnI \nb-{´-W-s¯¡p-dn-¨p-t]mepw ]d-bp-hm-\m-ImsX FÃm-hcpw \nÈ-_vZ-cm-hp-I -bmWv C¡m-cy-¯n ]Xn-hv.

Ip«n-IÄ "hgn-sX-än'-t¸m-Im-Xn-cn-¡m³ F´p sN¿-W-sa¶ tLmc-tLm-c-amb NÀ¨-bn-emWv \mw GÀs¸-«p-sIm-|n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. CâÀs\äv F§s\ XS-bmw, skÂt^m¬ F§s\ D]-tbm-Kn-¡cp-Xv, ssewKn-IX ImWn-¡p¶, ]d-bp¶ kn\n-abpw ]pkvX-Ihpw F§s\ \ntcm-[n-¡mw bphm-¡fpw bph-Xn-Ifpw t{]an-¡p-¶Xv F§s\ XSbmw CsX-Ãm-amWv \½psS am[y-at - h-Zn-If - nse {][m\ NÀ¨-IÄ-. ssewKnI_Ô-¯n-teÀs¸-Sp-¶-sXÃmw sXäm-sW¶v "AdnªpIqSm-¯-h-cmbn' Bcpw C¶n-Ã. C§s\ sXänÂ\n¶p c£n-¡m³ Hm§n \nev¡p¶ kaq-l-¯nsâ ap¶nÂ\n¶mWv ssewKn-IX ]m]-a-söpw AXp sXä-söpw AXp ck-I-c-ambn sNt¿| H¶m-sW¶pw Pohn-X-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-am-sW¶pw AXp-X-s¶-bmWv Pohsâ C¼-sa¶pw ChnsS ]d-bp-¶Xv. a\p-jycpsS F®w hÀ²n-¡pI \ap-¡m-h-iy-an-sÃ-¦n KÀ`w XS-bm\pÅ D]m-[n-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-b-ÃmsX ssewKn-IX \nb-{´n-t¡| bmsXmcp Bh-iyhpw \ap-¡n-Ã.

F´mWv kZm-Nmcw? D`-bk - ½ - X - {- ]-Im-ca - pÅ FÃm _Ô-§fpw kZm-Nmc \n_-²-am-Wv. _emÂkwKw kZm-Nm-c-hn-cp-²-am-Wv. ]ckv]ck½-X-amWv kZm-Nm-c-¯nsâ ImXÂ. Akq-bbpw ]Ibpw 285

a\pjycdnbm³

amÕ-cy-hp-ap-WÀ¯pw F¶-Xn-\m ssewKn-I_ - Ô - § - f - n GÀs¸Sp-¶h - À aäp-Åh - c - psS ZrjvSn-bntem Adn-hntem s]Sm-Xn-cn-¡m-\p-Å {i² thW-sa-¶pÅ kzbw\njvIÀj D|m-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv \ÃXm-W.v kzm`m-hn-Ia - mb ssPhn-It- Nm-Z\ - b - mb Akqb DWcpIbpw AXv aÕ-chpw ]I-bp-ambn amdn AXn-{I-a§ - Ä¡nSw \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿psa¶ Imcyw \mw HmÀt¡-|-Xp|v. CsXm-cn-¡epw CÃm-XmIn-Ãm-sb¶pw ssewKnI Zmcn{Zyw CÃm-¯b - n-S§ - f - nÂt]mepw Akqbbpw ]Ibpw D|m-Ip-sa¶pw \mw Adn-bW - w. AXn-\m kzc-£ s - b¶ \ne-bn-emWv Cu ip]mÀi a\-Ên-em-t¡-|X - .v GXv \nb-a -ap-|m-bmepw F´v hnZym`ymkw e`n-¨mepw F{X-\mÄ X]-Êp-sN-bv Xmepw \mw Pohn-I-f-Ãm-Xm-hp-¶n-Ã. AXn-\m "\b-'adnªv Pohn¡p-I am{Xta km²y-am-hp-I-bp-Åq. ]t£, CXv Benw-K-\tam Npw_-\tam ssI]n-Sn¨p \S-¡p-¶Xp-t]m-setbm DÅ \ncp-]{- Z-hI - c - a - mb hnImc{]-IS- \ - § - f - psS \ntj[-am-Im-Xn-cn-¡m\pw {i²n-t¡-|-Xp-|v. AXp-t]mse D`-b-k-½-X¯n\v {]mbw am{X-amWv ]cn-tim-[-\m-hn-t[-b-am-t¡| LS-Iw. {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bmb Bfpw {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bm-Im¯ Hcmfpw X½n D`bk½-X{- ]-Im-ca - p-Å Hcp Icmdpw Bcw-`n-¡m³ km²y-aà - . CXv ssewKn-I_ - Ô - ¯ - nÂam{Xw HXp§n \n¡p¶ H¶-Ã. ss{UhnMv ssek³kv k¼m-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw thm«-h-Im-i-¯n\pw Hs¡ Bhiy-am-Wv, Cu {]mb]qÀ¯n-bm-IÂ. kmaq-ln-I-Øm\w, ]Z-hn, {]mbw, ChsIm|p-|m-Ip¶ A[n-Imcw {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bmb BÄ¡v {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bm-Im¯ BfpsS apI-fn kzm[o\w sNep¯n k½Xw A\Àl-ambn t\Sn-sb-Sp¡mw F¶p-Å-Xp-sIm-|mWv Cu _Ôw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-Ãm-¯-Xv. "Ip«n-]oU\w' F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fp-am-bpÅ ssewKn-I_Ôw Cu B[p- \ n- I - I m- e - ¯ m- c w- ` n¨ Hc- { Ia- s a- ¶ - \ n- e - b n s]mXp-th-Zn-I-fnepw am²y-a-NÀ¨-I-fnepw \nd-ªp\n¡p-¶-XpImWmw. \½psS "kmaq-ly-{]-Xn-_² - X - '- bpÅ Ihn-IÄ tIgp-¶Xpw tIÄ¡mw. `mc-X-kw-kvIm-c-¯nse NqUm-a-Wn-sb-¶-\n-e-bn DbÀ¯n-¡m-«m-dpÅ Chn-Ss¯ "ssewKn-I-im-kv{X'{K-Ù-§-fn an¡-Xnepw Ip«nIsf a[p-cw-sIm-Sp¯v hi-s¸-Sp¯n Ah-cp-ambn Btcm-Ky-I-c-ambn F§s\bmWv ]pcp-j-•mÀ _Ô-s¸-tS-|Xv F¶v hfsc hni-Z-am-bn-Xs¶ hnh-cn-¡p¶ A²ym-b-§Ä D|v.

AXp-sIm|v C¯cw _Ô-§Ä C¶p-|mb Hcp "B`m-k-'ambn a\-Ên-em-¡-cp-Xv. hfsc hym]-I-ambn \S-¶n-cp¶ C¯cw _豈 C¶v hfscb[nIw Ipd-bp-I-bmWp-|-mbn-«p-Å-Xv. am²y-a§Ä C¯cw kw`-h-§Ä hfsc {]m[m-\y-t¯msS {]kn-²o-I-cn¡p-¶Xpw temIsa¼m-Sp-apÅ kw`-h-§Ä Htc t]Pn ASp-¡n 286

F´mWv kZm-Nmcw

-\-Sp-¡n\v {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xpw Ch hÀ²n-¨p-sIm-|n-cn-¡p-IbmWv F¶ {]XoXn P\n-¸n-¡p-¶p-|v. AXpt]mse C¯cw "AXn{I-a§ - sf' Xncn-¨d - nªv t]meokv tÌj-\p-If - n ]cm-Xn-sIm-Sp-¡p¶-Xp-sIm|v ho|pw Ch hÀ²n-¡p-Ib - mWv F¶ tXm¶-ep-fh - m-¡p ¶p|v. AXmWv Imc-Ww, AÃmsX "am\w CSnªp' hogp-I-tbm, "aqey-NypXn' kw`-hn-¡p-I-tbm H¶p-aÃ.... F¶mÂ, CXv B[p\nI \oXnt_m[-¯n\v \nc¡m-¯X - mbn \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-Ib - mWv th|Xv, AÃmsX C¶v s]m«n-ap-f-¨-Xmbn hyh-l-cn-¡-cp-Xv. D`-bk-½-X- am\-Z-WvU¯n³Iogn hcm-¯-Xn-\m \ap¡v ]n³Xm§m³ km²y-a-Ãm-¯, \nb-{´-W-aÀln-¡p¶ ssewKn-I-{]-hr¯nbmbn CXns\ ImW-Ww. KÀ`w [cn-¡p-¶Xv {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bm-b-Xn-\p-tijw am{XwaXn F¶p \mw \njvIÀjn-¡p-¶Xv Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Imc-W-§-fm am{X-am-Wv; AÃmsX AXn asä-s´-¦nepw sXäp-ÅXpsIm|-Ã. {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bm-Im¯ Ip«n-IÄ ka-{]m-b¡ - m-cm-sW-¦n ssewKnI-amb _Ô-§-fntem tNjvSI-fntem GÀs¸-Sp-¶Xv sXä-Ã. AXv AhÀ¡v Ah-Im-i-s¸-«-Xp-am-Wv. Ip«n-I-fpsS kzm`m-hn-I-amb Cu Ah-Imiw XS-bm³ \oXn \S-¸m-¡-W-sa-¶m-{K-ln-¡p¶ apXnÀ ¶hÀ¡v GXv \ymbw-sIm-|mWv Ah-Im-ia - p-|m-Ip-¶Xv? KÀ`-[mcWtam tcmK-]-IÀ¨tbm XS-bp-I-bmWv \½psS Dt±-iy-sa-¦n AXp XS-bp-hm-\pÅ D]-Ic - W - § - fpw D]m-[n-Ifpw AhÀ¡p \ÂIn AXn-\p-X-Ip¶ ssewKnI hnZym-`ymkw \ÂIp-I-bmWv th|-Xv. FÃm-h-scbpw ]m]n-Ifpw sXäp-Im-cp-am-¡p¶ "ssewKnI B{I-aW-]c-amb' kao-]\w \mw Dt]-£n-¨n-sÃ-¦n _em-Â-kwK§fpw aäp ssewKnI AXn-{I-a§ - fpw hÀ²n-¡p-It- b-bp-Åq. X\n¡p e`n -¡m-¯Xv asäm-cmÄ A\p-`-hn-¡p¶p F¶v I|m-ep-|m-Ip¶ Akqb F¶ hnImcw, kZm-Nm-c-¯nsâ apJw-aqSn AWnªv, AXn-{I-a¯ - n\p apXn-cp-sa¶v \mw Adn-bW - w. FÃm ssewKn-Ik - Z- m -Nm-chpw Akq-bb - nÂ\n¶v DbÀ¶p-h¶ - X - p-Xs - ¶bmWv. AXn-\m ssewKn-I-]m-]-k-¦-e] v -¯nÂ\n¶v kaqlw apgp-h\pw tamNn-t¡|-Xm-bn-«p-|v.

IpSpw-_-_-Ô-§sf XIÀ¡p¶ \ne-]m-Smbn CXp sXän-²-cn¡-cp-Xv. IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw ssewKn-I_-Ô-¯n am{Xw ASn-Øm\-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-X-Ã. AXv Pohn-X-ku-I-cy-§Ä Hcp-¡p-¶-Xns\ ASnØm- \ - s ¸- S p- ¯ n- b mWv IqSp- X epw kwL- S n- ¸ n- ¡ - s ¸- « n- « p- Å - X v . am{X-aà - , hnhn-[X - c - ¯ - n-epÅ IpSpw-_§ - f - p-|m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw \mw ad-¶p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-¡-Ww. Hcp ]pcp-j³ ]e kv{XoIÄ, Hcp kv{Xo H¶n-e-[nIw ]pcp-j-•mÀ, H¶n\p ]pdsI aäp _Ô-§Ä F¶ hyXykvX coXn-IÄ D|m-bn-cp¶ IpSpw-_§ - f - m-bn-cp¶p ap¼p-|m287

a\pjycdnbm³

bn-cp¶Xv. Pohn-Xk - u-Ic - y-§sf ASn-Øm-\s - ¸-Sp¯n IpSpw__Ô§sf cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb Im-c-W-¯m-emWv hnhm-l-tam-N\w t\Spt¼mÄ Poh-\mwiw \evIm³ ]pcp-js\ tImS-Xn-IÄ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡p -¶-Xv. AsÃ-¦n C{X-i-X-am\w ssewKn-I-_-Ôhpw \S-¯n-s¡mSp-¡W - s - a¶v AhÀ hn[n-¡p-at- Ãm! ]t£, hnth-I] - qÀ®hpw hnth -N-\m-]-c-hp-amb {i² ssewKn-I-_-Ô-§-fn ]peÀ¯-W-sa¶v \½Ä Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶X,v Akq-bbpw ]Ibpw aÕ-chpw AXpWÀ¯p-sa-¶p-Å-Xp-sIm|pam{X-am-Wv. AÃmsX asämcp sXäpw AXn-e-S-§n-bn-«n-Ã. cmjv{Sob Imcy-§-fn Xpd¶ \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡m³ \mw ]ucsc \nÀ_-Ôn-¡m-dn-Ã-tÃm. cl-ky-_m-eäv \ne-\n-dp-¯p-¶Xv ta¸-dª "]I'IÄ s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯nsâ kpK-a-amb XpSÀ ¨bv¡v XS-Êa - mIpw F¶ Adn-hmWv AtXÀs¸-Sp-¯n-bX - nse {]mtbmKn-I-_p-²n. Cu {]mtbm-Kn-I-_p²n D`-b-k-½-X-{]-Im-c-apÅ ssewKnI _Ô-§f - nepw \mw ]men-¡p-¶Xv IpSpw-_§ - f - psS XIÀ¨bv¡v CS-hc - p-¯m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶X - n-\pÅ D]m-ba - m-bn«mWv. CXv {]mb]qÀ¯n bm-b Bcpw t]td| D¯-c-hm-ZnXz-wIqSnbmWv. Hcp kwL-¯n\p-Ån {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-\nSn-bnepw thW-sa-¦n Xsâ {]Jym]nX FXn-cm-fn¡v thm«vsN-¿m\pw A§s\ kl-{]-hÀ¯-I-tcmSv bYmÀ°-¯n X\n-¡pÅ FXnÀ¸v cl-ky-am-sb-¦nepw {]I-Sn-¸n¡m-\pÅ Ignhv HcmÄ¡v \ÂIp-¶-XmWv cl-ky-_m-e-äv.

Pohn-sb-¶-\n-e-bn ]e-X-c-¯n-epÅ sshIm-cn-I-hn-tam-N-\§-Ä Hcp hyàn-¡m-h-iy-am-Wv. kmaq-ly-{I-a-¯nsâ \ne-\n¸n\mbn Ah-sbsbÃmw kwb-a-\w-sN-¿m³ hyàn-Isf \mw \nÀºÔn-¡p-t¼mÄ B hyàn-IÄ¡p-f-hm-Ip¶ ]ncn-ap-dp-¡-§Ä¡v Ab-hp-|m-¡m³ C¯-c-¯n-epÅ clkyhmXm-b-\-§Ä kaq-l¯nsâ BsI-bpÅ sI«p-d¸ - n\v \Ã-Xm-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. icn-þ-sX-äp-IÄ kmaq-ly-k{¼-Zm-b-§-fpsS ku-I-cyamb \S-¯n-¸n\p-th|n \mw \nÀ½n-¨-Xm-sW¶ hkvXpX \mw ad-¶p-t]m-I-cp-Xv. iº¯v a\p-jyÀ¡pth-|n-bmWv AÃmsX iº-¯n-\p-th-|n-bÃm a\p-jyÀ.

Pohn-X-¯nsâ FÃm C¼-§fpw \jvS-s¸-Sp¯n GtXm AaqÀ ¯-amb e£y-¯n-se-¯n-t¨-cm³ kzbw IpcpXnsImSp¯pw aäpÅ-hsc IpcpXnsImSp¯pw \mw Pohn-¡c - p-Xv. \mw Pohn-IÄX-s¶bm-sW¶pw AXn-\m ssPhn-I-tNm-Z-\-IÄ \mw \nb-{´n-¡pI am{X-am-sW¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡p-I, AÃmsX Ah \ntÈjw CÃmXmbn F¶v \mw A`n-\-bn-¡cpXv, CÃm-Xm¡mw F¶v \mw hniz-kn¡-cpXv. \ntj-[n-¡s - ¸« ssewKn-I{- ]-hr-¯n-IÄI|v \mw "CXn-IÀ ¯-hyXmaq-V-cmbn' \n¶p-t]m-bn F¶v A`n-\-bn-¡-cp-Xv. C§s\, 288

F´mWv kZm-Nmcw

CÃm-Xmb Nne ioe-§Ä Nne "Iiva-e-•mcpw Ipe-S-Ifpw' ho|pw kaq-la - ² - y-¯n-te¡m-\b - n-¡p-Ib - m-sW¶v `mhn¨v kzbw h©n¨pw aäp-Åp-hsc Icn-hm-cn-t¯¨pw Ipcp-Xn-¡p-sIm-Sp-¯p-apÅ C¶s¯ \½psS kao-]-\-coXn XnI¨pw {Iqchpw A¡m-c-W-¯m A[mÀ ½n-I-hpam-Wv. IpSp-w_-§Ä cq]-s¸-«Xv Pohn-X-ku-I-cy-§sf ASn-Øm-\-s¸Sp-¯n-bm-sW¶v kqNn-¸n-¨p-ht- Ãm. AXn-\m-emWv ap³]p-|m-bn-cp¶ IpSpw-_-§-fn kmaq-ly-Øm-\-§Ä, ]Z-hn, alna F¶n-hbv¡pw [\-¯n\pw ap³Xq-¡a - p-|m-bX - v. A¡m-cW - ¯ - m-emWv hnhm-l_ - Ô-§-fn-teÀs¸-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ¡v {]m[m\yw hfsc Ipd-ªp -t]m-b-Xv. hyàn-IÄ¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶ B[p-\nI kmaq-ly{I-aw-sIm-|mWv C¶v Cu IpSpw-_-_-Ô-§Ä \Ã-X-söpw Ah "]n³Xn-cn-¸'\msW¶pw \ap¡p tXm¶p-¶X - .v hyàn-If - psS sshImcn-It - a-Je - I - Ä¡v ap³Xq¡w \ÂIp¶ B[p-\nI AWp-Ip-Spw-_§fpw ]g-bk - {- ¼-Zm-b§ - fpw X½n-epÅ t]mcmWv B[p-\nI kn\na-If - p-sSbpw koc-be - p-If - p-sSbpw IYm-X´ - p-¡Ä. c|pw Bh-iy-am s - W¶pw Ah kwc-£n-t¡-|X - p-am-sW¶pw Ah \nc-´cw \t½mSv ]dªpsIm-t|bn-cn-¡p-¶p. H¶v icn-bm-¡m³ {i-an-¡p-t¼mÄ asäm¶v \jvS-s¸«pt]mIp-Itbm ]pXnb Hcp {]iv\w kwPm-X-amhp-Itbm sN¿pw F¶ temI-bm-YmÀ°yw \mw ad-¶p-t]m-Ipw. DZm -l-c-W-¯n\v, Bbp-Êp-Iq-«m-\pÅ \½psS ITn-\-{i-a-§Ä hmÀ²Iy-k-l-P-amb tcmK-§Ä hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-se. hyàn-I-fpsS ap³ssI-bn cq]-s¸-Sp¶ B[p-\nI IpSpw-__-Ô§ - f - n Ch-sbÃmw ka-\z-bn-¸n-¡m³ km[n-¡n-Ã. t{]a-¯n\v "I®pw aq¡p-anÃ' F¶ ]g-s©m-Ãn \mw CXp hyà-am-¡p-¶p.

F¶mÂ, ap³]v hyàn-I-fpsS sshIm-cn-I-hiw Aev]w-t]mepw IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡m-sX-bmWv IpSpw-_-§fpw IpSpw-_-_-Ô-§fpw cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶-sX¶ hkvXp-X \mw kuI-cy-]qÀÆw ad-¡pw. ]g-b-k-{¼-Zm-b-§Ä¡v ap³ssI \n¡p¶, ChnSw hn«n-«n-Ãm ¯Xpw Ahn-sS-¯n-t¨À¶n-«n-Ãm¯Xpamb "{XnȦp' kaq-l-§ fmWv AsÃ-¦n "CÃ-¯p-\n¶pw ]pd-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp, A½m¯m-Is« F¯n-bX - p-anÃ' F¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ kaq-l§ - f - mWv C´y -t]m-epÅ cmPy-§-fn-ep-Å-Xv. AXn-\mÂ, t{]a-_-Ô-§-Ä, kzbw Xnc-sª-Sp-¸p-I-Ä, hyàn-I-fpsS ap³ssI-IÄ FÃmwXs¶ A]I-S-am-sW¶v Chn-Ss¯ apJy-[mcmam[y-a-§Ä \t½mSv \nc-´cw ]d-ªp-sIm-t|bn-cn-¡pw. adp-h-i¯v, B[p-\nI {]ta-b-§Ä Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p¶ kn\n-a-IÄ hyàn-_-Ô-§Ä¡v Du¶Â \ In-bm-bn-cn¡pw IY-]-d-bp-¶-Xv. AhnsS Xpey-Xbv¡pw ka-Xz-¯ne-[n-jvTn-X-amb kvt\l-¯n-\pam-bn-cn¡pw ap³Xq¡w. AXn-\m 289

a\pjycdnbm³

C\nbpw [mcmfw I®p-\oÀ Hgp-Ip¶ kn\n-a-Ifpw kocn-b-ep-Ifpw I|v \½psS Du¸mSv Xocpw....

C\n, Pohn-X-¯nsâ aäp-ta-J-e-I-fnse kZmNm-c-]-c-amb kao-]\¯nte¡v \ap-s¡m¶p "It®mSn¡mw'. \½psS \m«n kpk-½X-ambn AwKoI-cn-¡-s¸« {]am-W-amWv {io\m-cm-b-Wsâ Cu hcnIÄ : ""Ah-\-h-\m-ß-kp-J-¯n-\m-N-cn-¡p¶hb]-csâ kpJ-¯n-\mbn htcWw.'' F¶-Xv. Xpey-\o-Xn-sb¶ Af-hp-tIm-ep-h¨v ]cn-tim-[n-¨m Cu {]am-W-¯nsâ {]tbm-K-£-aX Akm-²y-am-sW-¶p-Im-Wmw. Xpey\o-Xn-Xs¶ km²y-a-Ãm-sb¶v \mw I|p-I-gn-ªp. Gä-¡p-d-¨n-ep-ItfmsS am{Xta C¯-c-¯n-epÅ FÃm {]tbm-K-§fpw \ne-\n¡pI-bp-Åq. \mw ap³]p Ib-dnb _Ên H¶p-Iq-Sn-sbm-¶p-I-b-dmw.

FÃm-hcpw Sn¡-äp-IÄ dnkÀÆv sNbvXp Ib-dn-bX - n-\m Ah-b¡ v pth-|n-bpÅ ASn-I-sfm-gn-hm-b-sX-§-s\-sb¶v \mw I|p. koäpI-fpsS AIew hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-hgn Dd-§n- tXm-fnÂhogp-¶Xpw \ap¡v Hgn-hm-¡mw. ]t£, Ipep¡w Ipdª ap³\n-c-ko-äp-IÄ FÃm-hÀ¡pw thW-sa¶p iTn-¨mÂ, AsÃ-¦nÂ, ImgvNI - Ä¡v C¼ -tasd Xcp¶ P\Âko-äp-IÄ FÃm-hÀ¡pw thW-sa¶p iTn-¨m AXv Akm-²y-am-sW¶v \mw ImW-Ww. FÃm-hÀ¡pw Htc-t]mse P\-e-\p-`-hw- sIm-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶-X-c-¯n _Êp-IÄ \nÀ½n¡m-sa-¶p-h-¨mepw AXpw km²y-a-Ãm-sb¶pw \ap¡p ImWmw. A¯-c-samcp _Êp-\nÀ½mWw Pohn-X-¯nsâ ka-kvX-ta-J-e-Itfbpw Akz-Ø-am-¡p-sa¶v Hcev]w Btem-Nn-¨m \ap¡v Xncn¨-dn-bm³ Ign-bpw.

Xpey-\o-Xn-b-\p-k-cn¨v kz´w Øew a¡Ä¡v ]¦p-h-bv¡m³ HcmÄ apXnÀ¶mepw AXpw km²y-a-Ã. `qan-bpsS InS¸v, tdmUn \n¶pÅ AI-ew, hgnku-I-cyw, \K-c-þ-]-«-W-km-ao]yw C§s\ F{X-sb{X LS-I-§Ä H¯n-W-§n-bm am{Xta `mKw-h¨ `qanbpsS hne GI-tZ-is - a-¦nepw kam-\a - m-¡m³ Ign-bp-Ib - p-Åq. `qan apgp-h³ hnäv ]W-am¡n `mKw-h-¨m Xpey-X-]m-en-¡m³ Ign-bpw. ]t£, At¸mgpw a¡-tfmSv Htct]mse s]cp-amdm³ Hcp amXm]n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw Ign-bn-Ã. AhÀ¡v a¡-fn ]e-tcmSpw ]£-ap-|mbn-cn¡pw a¡Ä¡pw AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ AÑ-t\mtSm A½-tbmtSm ]£-ap-|m-bn-cn-¡pw. \mw kz´-sa¶v hnNm-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡n-S-bn t]mepw Xpey-\oXntbm Xpey-amb s]cp-am-ätam \S-¸m-¡m³ Ignbm-¯-Øn-Xnbv¡v, \mw A\y-sc¶v Icp-Xp-¶-h-tcmSv Htc-t]mse s]cp-am-dm³ Ignbpw F¶v hnNm-cn-¡-cp-Xv, kz]v\w ImW-cp-Xv, 290

F´mWv kZm-Nmcw

aäp-Å-hsc DZvt_m-[n-¸n-¡-cp-Xv. adn¨v km²y-amb kmam\yacym-ZI-fp-|v. AXv ]men-¡p-I-bmWv th|-Xv. AXm-b-Xv CS-Xph-i¯pIqSn h|n HmSn-¡pI XpS-§n-bh. km²y-aà - m¯ am\-ZW - vU§ - Ä h¨v Af-¶m FÃm-hcpw kz`m-h-ssh-I-ey-ap-Å-h-cm-sW¶v Is|¯mt\ AXv {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sq. C§-s\-bmWv C¶v FÃm-hcpw Xpey-Xm-þk - a - X - z--þk-t´m-jþ- \ - o-Xn-bpsS A-fh - p-tImÂh¨v ]c-k] v cw Af¶v Bcpw icn-b-söv Is|-¯p-¶-Xv. C§-s\-bmWv ]|v "a\p-jys\' ImWm³ ]IÂsh-fn-s¨¯v hnf¡pw I¯n¨v UtbmP-\o-sk¶ a|³ {Kokn \S-¶-Xv. HcmÄ¡v kpJ-ap-f-hm-¡p-t¼mÄ Aev]-\-jvS-sa-¦nepw asäm-cph-\p-|m-¡msX AXp-km-[n-s¨-Sp-¡m³ BÀ¡pw Ign-bn-Ã. AXn\mÂ, Ah-\-h\m-ß-kp-J-¯n-\m-N-cn-¡p-¶Xv A]-c\v kpJ-ambn hcm-\pÅ km²yX XnI¨pw hnc-fa - m-W.v ]t£, \mcm-bW - ³ ChnsS AÀ°-am-¡p¶Xv AXn-\p-th-|n- Hcm-Ä ITn-\-ambn {ian¡-Wsa¶v a\-Ên-em-¡n-bm AsXm-cp-]t£ km²y-am-Wv, AXm-bXv {iaw am{X-amWv km²y-am-Ip-¶Xv. C¯cw {ia-§Ä AXm-N-cn-¡p¶m-fnsâ al¯z-kr-jvSn-bnte km[m-cW Iem-in-¡q, AXpw aäpÅ-h-cpsS sNe-hnÂ. Hmtcm Bfpw Xsâ A]-cs\ H¶m-a-Xmbn IcpXn Abm-fpsS kt´m-j¯ - n-\mbn {]hÀ¯n-¨m FÃm-hÀ¡pw Hcp-]-cn[nhsc kuJy-ap-f-hm-¡m³ Ign-bpw F¶ kz]v\w, kz]v\w Xs¶-bmWv. ImcWw, Poh-kz-`mhw C§s\ s]cp-am-dm³ Bscbpw A\p-h-Zn-¡n-Ã. AXn\mÂ, a\p-jy-cn-§s\ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn s]cp a - m-dp-sa¶v {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶Xv, Ah-cX - n hnP-bn-¡p-sa¶v \mw IcpXp-¶Xv \nÝ-b-ambpw B{K-l-Nn´Xs¶bm-Wv. F¶mÂ, D`-b-k-½-X-{]-Im-c-apÅ Icm-dp-IÄ hyàn-Po-hnX¯nepw kwL-Po-hn-X-¯nepw ]men-¡p-I, kmaq-ln-I-ambn GÀs¸Sp-¯nb s]mXp-\nb-a-§Ä ]men-¡p-I, \mw Hä-bvs¡m-cn-¡epw P\n-¨n«n-Ãm-¯-Xn-\m aäp-Å-h-cpsS kl-I-c-W-t¯msS am{Xta \ap¡v Pohn-¡m³ Ign-bp-Ib - pÅq F¶v HmÀ¡p-I, \mw Hcp PohnhÀ¤-am-sW-t¶mÀ¡p-I, FÃm Pohn-hÀ¤-§fpw Hscmä Pohsâ {]I-Sn-X-cq-]-am-sW-t¶mÀ¡p-I, \½psS AdnhnÂs¸-«n-S-t¯mfw Cu Hcp `qan-bnÂam-{Xta Poh-\pÅq F¶pw HmÀ¡pI, Cu HmÀ½IfpsS ASn-Øm\¯n kzbw \nb-{´n-¡p-I, CsXm-s¡-bmWv km²y-amb \oXn¡pth-|n-bpÅ Hcm-fpsS {ia-§Ä¡-Sn-Øm-\w. adp-h-i¯v, Cu Icm-dp-IÄ ]men-¡p-¶pt|m F¶ taÂt\m«w hln¨v, {`wi-§f - n-en-Ss - ¸«v hogvN hcp-¯n-bX - n in£n¨pw \¶mbn \S-¯p-¶-Xn ivfmLn¨pw kaq-l-¯nsâ ka-{K-ta-J-e-bnepw CSs]-Sp-I-sb-¶-XmWv B[p-\nI `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä sNt¿-|-Xv. kzIm-cy-X, hyànkzmX{´yw F¶n-hb - psS ]cn-[nbpw ]cn-an-Xnbpw 291

a\pjycdnbm³

\mw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-I-Xs¶ thWw. Cu `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-§-fpsS {]hÀ¯\w kpXm-cy-am-¡p-Ibpw hyàn-IÄ¡v FÃm-¯e - § - f - nepw CS-s]-Sm³ CShpw Ah-Im-ihpw \ÂIp-¶-Xphgn, kw`-hn-¡m³ km²y-X-bpÅ A[n-Imc AXn-{]-k-c-¯n\v ISn-ªm-Wn-Sm-³ Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc \ap¡p Ign-bpw. ]p¯³ kmt¦-Xn-Ih - n-Zy-If - psS hnIk\w Ch IqSp-X hntI-{µo-Ir-X-am-¡p-sa¶v \½Ä¡v {]Xo£n-¡mw. `c-W-Iq-S-sa¶pw `c-W-hÀ¤-sa¶pw `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-§sf a\Ên-em-¡p-¶Xphgn C¯cw Hcp cq]m-´co-Ic - W - ¯ - n\pÅ km²yX AS-ªpt]m-hp-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶Xv. ]I-t]m-¡-ep-I-fp-sSbpw ]c k - ] v cw tXmev]n-¡e - p-If - p-sSbpw irwJ-eX - p-d¡ - pI am{Xta C¯cw a\- Ê n- e m- ¡ - e p- I Ä bYmÀ°- ¯ n {]tbm- P - \ - s ¸- S p- I - b p- Å q. ]p¯³ kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-IsfÃmw ka-{Km-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ ]Sn-hm-Xnep-IÄ Xpd-¡p-Ib - m-sW-¶pÅ {]N-cWw, \½psS A\p-`h - a - § - s - \-bsÃ-¦n-epw, C¶pw \mw XpSÀ¶p-sIm-|n-cn-¡p-¶Xv `c-W-kw-hn-[m\-§sf `c-Wh - À¤-§f - psS "aÀ±-t\m-]I - c - W'sa¶ \ne-bn am{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. "P\-Iob' ]nSn-s¨-Sp-¡-ep-IÄ¡ptijw cq]-s¸« `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä IqSp-X P\-hn-cp-²-ambn {]hÀ¯n¨ Ncn-{X-amWv \ap¡p ap¶n-ep-ÅX - v. C§s\ kw`-hn-¨Xv km²y-amb \oXn¡p ]Icw AaqÀ¯-amb B "icn'bpsS Adn hnsâbpw \S-¯n-¸n-sâbpw Ip¯-Im-h-Imiw Hcp-Iq-«À am{Xw ssIbm-fp-I-h-gn-bm-Wv. Cu Xe-Xn-cnª a\-Ên-em-¡-ep-IÄ¡v Hc´yw D|m-bm Cu temI¯v Aev]w kam-[m-\-]qÀ®-amb PohnXw \bn-¡m³ \ap¡p Ign-sª-¶p-hcmw. temIw "\¶m-¡m³' D|mb FÃm ZÀi-\-§fpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§fpw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kzm`m-hn-I-]cnanXnIfpsSbpw IS-¶m-{I-a-W§fpsSbpw H¸w \ap-s¡-Xnsc ssItImÀ¯p-\n¶v PohnXw IqSp-X ZpjvIc-am¡p¶ hkvXpX HmÀ¯mÂ, Nncn-¡mt\ \½Ä, a\pjyÀ¡v Ignbp-I-bp-Åq. kzbw t\m¡n, HmÀt¯mÀ¯v Dudn-bqdn Nncn-¡mw.

292

"]ptcm-KXn' AsX-´mWv?

""Ipc-§p-IÄ ]cn-W-an-¨mtWm a\p-jy-\p-|m-bXv? \nÝ-b-ambpw AÃ. ....!! Hcp Pohn-sb¶ \ne-bn a\p-jyÀ¡v B´-cnI "]ptcm-KXn' D|m-bn-«pt|m? \nÝ-b-ambpw CÃ.

Mv....!! At¸mÄ FÃm ]mT-]p-kvX-I-¯n-sâbpw XmfpI-fn a\p-jy³ Ipc-§nÂ\n¶pw ]cn-W-an¨v ]cn-W-an¨v F§s\ a\p-jy-\mbn amdn F¶ hkvXpX Nn{X-§f - S- ¡w \mw ]Tn-¡p-¶Xv sXäm-sW-¶mtWm \n§Ä ]d-bp-¶-Xv? AtX, AXp sXäp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. C{Xbpw henb Hcp B\-a-|-¯cw imkv{X-¯nsâ t]cn \mw ]Tn-¡m\pw ]Tn-¸n-¡m\pw XpS-§n-bn«v Ime-ta-sd-bm-bn. AXv Xncp¯p-I-Xs¶ thWw. At¸mÄ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-ap-|mbn-«nÃ?

Cà ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-ap-|m-bn-«n-Ã, amä-§Ä am{X-am-Wp|m-Ip-¶-Xv. At¸mÄ Npäp]mSpw ImWp¶ Cu amä-§Ä H¶pw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bà F¶mtWm \n§Ä ]d-bp-¶Xv? Npäp-]mSpw ImWp¶ amä-§Ä \nÝ-bmbpw "]ptcm-KXn-'X-s¶-bm-Wv. t]mcm-«-¯n \J-§fpw ]Ãp-Ifpw D]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]Icw \mw IÃpw hSnbpw D]-tbmKn¨p. IÃn\pw hSn-bv¡pw-]-Icw Ip´hpw hmfpw D] t- bm-Kn¨p. AXv ]ptcm-KX - n-bm-W.v Ip´-¯n\pw hmfn\pw ]Icw tXm¡pw ansskepw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶p; AXpw \nÝ-ba - mbn ]ptcm-KX - n-bm-W.v Imf-h| - n¡p ]Icw IpXnc-h-|nbpw IpXn-c-h-|n¡p ]Icw C¶v Imdpw _Êpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. CXpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-X-s¶-bm-Wv. AtX, \½psS Npäp-]m-Sp-IÄ IqSp-X \¶mbn CW-¡p-¶X - n \ap¡v \à ]ptcm-KX - n-bp-|.v Npäp-]m-Sn-s\-¸ä - n-bpÅ Adnhv k©n-Xa - m¡n hÀ²n-¸n-¡m³ \ap¡v Ign-ªn-«p-|.v ]t£, Hcp Pohn-sb¶ \ne-bn \mw ]ptcm-K-an-¡p-¶n-Ã. \mw a\p-jy-s\¶ Pohn-bmbn XpS-cp-I-X-s¶-bm-Wv. \msa-¶Ã 293

a\pjycdnbm³

Hcp Pohnbpw ]ptcm-K-an-¡m-dn-Ã. kml-N-cy-§-fp-ambn CW-§m\pÅ {ia-¯n amä-§-fp-|m-Ipw. AXv \Ã-Xm-bmepw No¯-bmbmepw Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eqsS ssIamäw sN¿-s¸-Spw. Cu ssIamäw sN¿-s¸Sp-¶Xv {]Ir-Xn-\nÀ²m-c-W-¯n\v AsÃ-¦n "kzm`m-hnI Xnc-sª-Sp-¸n\v' hnt[-b-ambn XpS-cm³ tbmKy-X-bp-ÅXv XpScpw.

A{X-am-{Xw. ]cn-Nn-´\w sN¿m-\pÅ Ign-hm-Wv, AXm-bXv Imcy-Im-c-W-_Ô-t¯msS {Inb-Isf ImWm-\pÅ Ign-hmW,v a\p-jys\ sXm«Sp¯ \½psS ap³KmanbnÂ\n¶pw hyXy-kX v a - m-¡p¶ LS-Iw. CXv Hcp DÄ]-cn-hÀ¯-\-¯m Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n\pw A³]-Xn-\mbn-c¯ - n\pw hÀj-§Ä¡n-Sb - n \½Ä¡p e`n-¨X - m-W.v Cu Hscmä LS-I¯nsâ hyXym-kw- am-{XamWv \ap¡v BsI-bp-Å-Xv. ]t£, Cu amäw k©n-X-ambn A\p-`-h-§sf ASp¡nbSp¡n ASp¯ Xe-ap-dbv¡v hfÀ¯-en-eqsS \ap¡v ssIamäw sN¿m³ klmbn¨p. HcmÄ sN¿p¶ ]pXnb Hcp {]hr¯n AtX-t]mse BhÀ ¯n-¡m-\pÅ \½psS Ign-hmWv Cu k©n-X-h-fÀ¨bv¡v CS-bm¡n-b-Xv. aäv Pohn-IÄ¡v Nne {]hr¯n-IÄ P\n-XIcqt]W e`n¡p¶ Ign-hn-\m BhÀ¯n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. ]t£, X§-fnse HcwKw sN¿p¶ ]pXnb Hcp {]hr¯n GsX-¦nepw C{µnb-¯n-eqsS A\p-`-hn¨v AtX-t]mse BhÀ¯n-¡m-\pÅ Ign-hv \t½-t¸mse AhÀ¡nÃ. km[m-cW - b - mbn \mw krjvSn]c-am-Ip-¶nÃ, BhÀ¯n¡pI am{X-amWv F¶v Hcmsf ]cn-l-kn-¡p¶ Cu Ign-hmWv \½psS "kwkv¡mc'¯nsâ ImXÂ. CXmWv Hcp Pohn-sb¶ \ne-bn \mw ]ptcm-Ka - n-¡p-Ib - m-sW¶ anYym-t_m[w \½-ne - p-fh - m¡n-b-Xv. a\p-jycmb \mw Gähpw sXän-²c - n¨ hm-¡pIfmWv ]ptcm-KX - n, ]ptcm-Ka\]cw F¶n-h. imkv{Xo-b-amb I|p-]n-Sp-¯-§-fpsS hnkvt^m-S\ - a - p-|mb ]s¯m³]Xmw \qäm-|nse bqtdm-]y³ kaql-¯n "]ptcm-KXn' D|m-Ip-¶p-s|-¶-Xn BÀ¡pw Hcp kwib-hp-ap-|m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXv ssZh-¯nsâ CÑbpw ImcpWyhpw sIm|m-Wv D|m-Ip-¶-sX¶ ]Ån-¡Y XÅn-¡-f-bp-t¼mgpw a\pjy-s\-§s\ "a\p-jy-\mbn'XoÀ¶-sX¶v bmsXmcp \nÝ-b-hpw A¶p|mbn-cp-¶n-Ã. aäp-Po-hn-I-fp-am-bpÅ kmZriyw, Ah-sc-t¸mse-Xs¶ k´-Xn-]-c-¼-c-Isf D|m-¡Â, D]-Po-h-\-¯n-\m-bpÅ Cc-]n-Sn-¯w, acWw XpS-§n-bh - s - bÃmw \mw Pohn-If - psS Iq«-¯n s¸Sp¶ asäm-cp-Po-hn-bm-sW¶ kwibw _e-s¸-Sp-¯pIXs¶ sNbvXp. ]t£, Imcy-Im-c-W-_-Ô-¯n-e-Sn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n `mhnI-cp-¸n-Sn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Ign-hv, Bbp-[\nÀ½mWwt]m-epÅ kmt¦294

"]ptcm-KXn' AsX-´mWv?

Xn-Ih - n-Zy-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Ignhv F¶nh ImcWw aäp Pohn -I-sf-t¸m-se-bmWv \msa¶v hniz-kn-¡m³ kmam-\y-_p-²n¡p km²yhpambn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn-\m \mw Akm-[m-c-W-sct¶m khntij-sct¶m kzbw hniz-kn-¡m³ GhÀ¡pw XmXv]c - y-am-bn-cp-¶p.

C¯csamcp Ncn- { X- ] - Ý m¯e¯nte¡mWv UmÀÆnsâ "kzm`m-hnI Xnc-sª-Sp-¸n-eqsS Pohn-hÀ¤§fpsS DdhnSw' F¶ ]pkvXIw FÃm-¯n\pw Hcp-]n-Sn-h-Ån-bmbn bqtdm-]y³ Nn´m kaq-l-a-²y-¯n Ah-X-cn-¨-Xv. UmÀÆn³ Hcn-¡epw ]cn-Wmaw F¶v C¶v AÀ°am¡p¶-Xc - ¯ - n Xsâ Is|-¯Â BZys¯ ]pkvX-I-¯n {]tbm-Kn¨n«nÃ. At±lw D]-tbm-Kn¨ hm¡p-IÄ "Unkâ v hn¯v tamSn-^n-t¡-j³kv' AXm-bXv "t`Z-K-Xn-I-fp-ambpÅ hwi-\n-e-\n¸v' F¶m-bn-cp-¶p. UmÀÆnsâ "Imh \mbv' F¶v kzbw hnfn¨ tXmakv lIvkn-en-bmWv "CthmÄhv' AsÃ-¦n ]cn-Wmaw F¶ hm¡v BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu hm¡v ]ptcm-Ka - t - \-Ñp-¡f - m-b- ]s¯m³]Xmw \qäm-|pImÀ¡v s]s«-¶pXs¶ ]Yy- a m- h p- I bpw AXn\v h³{]- N mcw kn²n¡p- I bpw sNbvXp. A¡m-c-W-¯m UmÀÆn\pw ]n¡m-e¯v CXp-]-tbmKn-¡p-hm³ \nÀº-Ôn-¡-s¸-«p. ]t£, Cu hm¡nsâ {]tbm-K-¯m \mw, a\p-jyÀ Hcp khnti-j-krjvSnsb¶ a\p-jy-a-\-Ên-em-¡-ensâ ]p\-cp-°m-\-amWv \S-¶X - v. ssZh-¯nsâ "kz´w {]Xn-Ñm-bb - nse krjvSnbv¡v' ]Icw {]Ir-Xn-bnse kzm`m-hnI "]cn-Wma{]{Inb-bpsS Xe-¸-¯p-Å-hÀ' F¶ IqSp-amäw am{X-am-Wp-|m-b-Xv. bYmÀ°¯n ]cn-Wm-a {]{In-bsIm|v IqSp-X IqSp-X sa¨-s¸-« Pohn-hÀ¤w D|m-bnh-cp-¶X - mbn \mw a\-Ên-em-¡c - p-Xv. ]cn-Wm-a¯ - n kw`-hn-¡p-¶X - v, hyXykvX kml-N-cy¯n\\p-kr-X-ambn Pohn-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ Pohn-IÄ hyXykvX Ign-hp-Ifpw KpW-§fpw hnI-kn-¸n¨v X§Ä ¡m-hp-¶-co-Xn-bn Pohn-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xp-am-{X-am-Wv. GI-tIm-i¯nÂ\n¶pw Ac-tIm-i-¯n-tet¡m tImi-an-Ãm-bva-bn-tet¡m AXm-bXv H¶nÂ\n¶pw ]qPy-¯n-te¡v "]cn-W-an-¡m³' bYmÀ °-¯n Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶X - p-sIm-|mWv ]cn-Wmaw _lp-tIm-i¯ - nte¡pw A§s\ k¦oÀ®- P o- h n- I - f n- t e¡pw ]cn- W - a n- ¨ - X v . ]t£, C§s\ ]d-bp-t¼mÄt]mepw ]cm-¶-Po-hn-K-W-¯nÂs¸-Sp¯m-hp¶ sshd-kp-IÄ C¯-c-samcp Akm-²y-{]-hr¯n-bmb, Poh-e-£-W-amb Un.F³-.F. F¶ P\n-XItImi-§fpsS A`m-h¯nÂt]mepw "Pohn-¡m³' ]Tn-¨h - c - m-sW¶v thW-sa-¦n IcpXmw. C§s\ \ne-\n¸n-\mbn GXp-Xc - ¯ - n-ep-apÅ \qX-\k - m²y-XI - Ä A\p-kyqXw A\m-h-cWw sN¿m-\pÅ Ignhv Hcp hi¯v Poh\p 295

a\pjycdnbm³

s|¦nepw k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-fn-te¡pÅ {]bmWw Hc\n-hm-cy-X b - mbn am{Xw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. AÃmsX AsXt´m sa¨-s¸« Is|¯tem AsÃ-¦n IqSp-X D¶-X-\n-e-\nÂt¸m Bbn \mw a\Ên-em-¡-cp-Xv. Pohn-¡m³ hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-I-fp-s|¶ sXfn-hp-am-{XamWv DÅ-Xv. Ipc-§nÂ\n¶v "]cn-W-an'¨p|mb- D¶-X-hn-`m-Kaà a\p-jyÀ.

AXm-bXv, GtXm Nne BÄ¡p-c-§p-IÄ ]qS-s]m-gn-ªp-t]m-bn, \Sp-hp-\nhÀ¯n\n¶p apt¶m-«p-\-S¡p¶ Zriy-§Ä FÃm-bn-Shpw \mw hc¨v hbv¡p-¶-X-c-¯neà ]-cn-Wm-aw \S-¶Xv, \S-¡p-¶Xv. Ipc-§phÀ¤¯nse At\Iw hn`m-K§ - f - nse Hcp-hn-`m-Ka - mWv a\pjyIpew. a\p-jy-Ip-e-ap-|m-bn«v GI-tZiw Ccp-]-Xp e£w hÀjam-bn. Cu a\p-jy-hn-`m-K¯ - nÂXs¶ [mcmfw hyXykvXamb a\p-jy -Ip-e-§-fp-|v. Ah-sbÃmw hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-bn-epÅ Ign-hp-I-fmepw hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-bn-epÅ Pohn-X-ssi-en-I-fmepw ]c-k] v cw `n¶-am-bncp¶p. bqtdm-¸n hkn-¨n-cp¶ \nbm|À¯m a\p-jy-sc¶v \mw hnfn-¡p¶, \½nÂ\n¶pw `n¶-cmb, a\p-jy-hn-`m-Ka - mbncp¶p Ahkm-\a - mbn `qan-bn D|m-bn-cp¶ \ma-Ãm¯ asämcp a\pjy¡q«w.

AhÀ¡v hwi-\miw h¶n«v GI-tZiw ap¸-Xn-\m-bncw hÀj-am-bn. \½psS P\n-X-I-]-cn-tim-[-\-bnÂ\n¶pw Ch-cpambn \mw Hcp-Ime¯v CW-tNÀ¶n-cp-¶-Xmbn Is|¯n-bn-«p|v. asämcp a\p-jy¡q«w sU\n-tkm-h³km-W.v ]e-bn\w a\p-jy-Ip-e§ - f - p-|mb-Xn H¶p-a m-{ X-a mWv C¶- h - t i- jn- ¡p¶ "tlmtam-km-¸n-b³' F¶ \½Ä. \map-|m-bn«v c|v e£whÀj-hpw. \mw hyXykvX-sa¶v AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp¯p¶ c|p Ipe-§Ä¡v Ahsb tbmPn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp "s]mXp-Im-cW - h - t- cm, Imc-Wh - ¯ - n-tbm' D-|mIpw. Cu c|p-Ip-e-§fpw ap³]pÅ Hcp Pohn-bnÂ\n¶pw hgn-]n-cn-ª-Xp-sIm-|mWv AXns\ Cu c|v Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw s]mXp-Im-cW - h - c - mbn IW-¡m-¡p-¶X - .v \mw a\p-jy-Ip-es - a¶v hnfn -¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw Ipc-§p-IÄ¡pw CXpt]mse Hcp- s]mXpImc-WhÀ D|m-Ipw. C§-s\-bpÅ s]mXp-Im-c-W-h-¯nIÄ hnhn[Xcw Pohn-Isf X½n tbmPn-¸n-¡p¶ LS-I-§-fmbn AsÃ-¦n Pohs\¶ ac-¯nsâ imJ-I-fpsS Ih-c-§-fmbn ]cn-Wm-a-ac-¯n [mcm-fa - p-|m-Ipw. C§-s\-bpÅ s]mXp-Im-cW - h - ¯ - nIfmWv PohnI-fpsS ]c-k] v -c-_-Ô-¯n-\pÅ ASn-Øm-\-sX-fn-hmbn \ap-¡p-ÅXv. C¶v \ne-hn-epÅ Hmtcm Pohn-I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-]-c-amb amä-¯neqsS ]nt¶m-«pt]m-bm Ah Hmtcm¶pw C¯-c-¯n-epÅ Ih-c -§-fn sN¶ptN-cp-¶-Xmbn \ap¡p a\-Ên-em¡mw. C§s\ \mw ]pd-tIm-«p -]pd-tIm«p t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ FÃm-Po-hn-I-fpw ]c-k] v cw 296

"]ptcm-KXn' AsX-´mWv?

_Ôn-¨p-\nÂ-¡p-¶Xpw \ap¡v ImWmw. A§s\ Pohsâ Xmbv ¯-Sn-bmb GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fn \mw F¯n-t¨-cpw. Cu GI-tImi-Po-hn-I-fnepw C¯-c-¯n-epÅ Imc-W-h-¯n-IÄ D|m-bn-cn¡pw.

GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fmbpw _lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-Ifmbpw k¦oÀ®_-lp-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fmbpw Htc-k-abw Pohn-¡m-\m-hp-sa-¶p-am-{X -amWv ChnsS sXfn-bp-¶Xv. Imc-Ww, FÃm-¯-c-¯n-ep-apÅ PohnX-co-Xn-IÄ, Htcm¶pw e`n-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-¯n-\-\p-k-cn-¨v, BIp¶-co-Xn-bn XpS-cp-¶-Xmbn ImWmw. AÃmsX, GI-tImi PohnX-saÃmw D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-sa¶v I|v, sa¨-a-söv I|,v Bcpw Dt]-£n-¨n-«nÃ; Ah-sbÃmw km²y-amb t`Z-K-Xn-I-tfmsS C¶pw XpS-cp-Ib - m-Wv. a\p-jyÀ sXm«pÅ k¦oÀ®Po-hnIÄ aäv Pohn-IÄ ]cn-W-an¨v ]cn-W-an¨v sa¨-s¸-«-h-cmbhc-Ã. Poh-\p-|mbn C¶phsc GXv {]Xn-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-§-sfbpw shÃm-\pÅ Ign-hp-Å-hcmbn Pohn¡p-¶Xv Cu GI-tIm-i-Po-hn-I-fm-sW¶v Cu ]pkvX-I¯nsâ XpS-¡-¯n \mw ImWp-I-bp-|m-bn.

Cu "sa¨-s¸«' k¦oÀ®-Po-hn-I-fpsS Pohn-Xw-I|v, Ab¡mtcmSv \ap-¡ptXm-¶p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ Akq-b-, ]cn-Wm-a-¯nsâ "Xmsg¸Sn'bn \n¡p¶ FÃm- Po-hn-IÄ¡pw \t½mSp-|v F¶v \nÝ-b-ambn \mw Icp-Xp-¶p|v. AsÃ-¦n \½psS X¯z-Nn-´Ifpw ZÀi-\§ - f - p-saÃmw XncyIvtbm\n-bn P\n¨v Pohn-¡p-¶X - ns\ A]-l-kn¡nÃm-bn-cp-¶p. \mw "D¶X'cmsW¶ \mSyhpw PmSbpw \á-ambn Ah-bn-eqsS ]pd-¯p-h-cp-¶p. bYmÀ°-¯n ]cn-Wm-a ¯ - n C¯csamcp "]ptcm-Ka - \'anÃ. \mw a\p-jyÀ ]cn-Wma-¯nsâ Xe-¸-¯p-Å-h-tcm, ]cn-Wmaw C\n \s½ IqSp-X ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnte¡p \bn-¡p-Itbm CÃ. \½nÂ\n¶pw asäm-cp -Pohn ]cn-Wan¡mw ]cn-W-an-¡m-Xn-cn-¡mw, AXv kw`-hn-¨m-embn kw`-hn-¨n-sæn-em-bn, ]t£, A§s\ kw`-hn-¨m AXv \masö-dn-bp-I. AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶, \mw "Ipän-bäv' t]mIp¶ Hcp hwi-hp-am-Imw. ]cn-Wmaw "am\-kn-I-amb' Xe-¯n-emWv C\n \S-¡m³ t]mIp¶-sX¶pw C\nbt§m«v am\-kn-Ia - mbn \mw ]ptcm-Ka - n-¡m³ t]mIp -I-bm-sW¶pw AÀ°w hc-¯-¡-co-Xn-bn "Adn-hp-Å-hÀ' F¶v \mw IcpXp¶-hÀhsc ]cn-Wm-as¯ "a\-Ên-em-¡n' ]d-ªptIÄ ¡m-dp-|v. X]-Êp-w [ym\-hp-sams¡ sNbvXm am\kn-I-ambn ]ptcm-K-an-¡p-sa¶v hniz-kn¨v F{X-sb{Xt]À aq¡nse izmkw ]nSn¨pw Hcp aq¡n-eqsS Ibän atä aq¡n-eqsS Cd-¡n-hn«pw "Nn´' IfpsS Hgp¡v t\m¡nbpw Nn´-If - psS hnS-hnse \nÈ-_Zv X tI«pw Nn´n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ {ian¨pw ]«n-Wn-In-S¶pw sX|n-\-S¶pw e£¡-W-¡n\p P-]n¨pw kzbw ]oUn-¸n¨pw aäp-Å-hsc ]oUn-¸n¨pw 297

a\pjycdnbm³

ka-bhpw Pohn-Xhpw If-bp-¶Xp ImWp-t¼mÄ bYmÀ°-¯n k¦-Sw-h-cpw. "alÀjo-iz-c-•m-À'¡v, "Znhym-h-Xm-c-§-Ä'¡v Pohn-Xs¯-¸änbpÅ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn D|mb Hcp sXän-²m-cW \nan¯w F{X-sb{Xt]À¡v PohnXw ]mgm-t¡|n h¶p, C¶pw ]mgm-¡p¶p. hkn-jvT-sâbpw hnizman{X-sâbpw Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\p-hÀjs¯ X]-Ên-\p-ti-ja - pÅ X½nÂX-Ãnsâ IYIfpw X]-Ê\p-jT v n¨v amc-Im-bp-[§ - Ä k¼m-Zn¨ cm-a³, IÀ®³, AÀÖp-\³, cmh-W³, `kvam-kp-c-³ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS IYIfpw X]-Ênsâ "KpW-K-W-§Ä' \nÝ-b-ambn shfn-hm-¡p-¶p-|v. \mw I|p-]n-Sn-¡p¶ Bbp-[-§fpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw \nÝ-b-ambn ]ptcm-K-an¡p¶p|,v Ah IqSp-X Ign-hp-Å-Xmbn amdp-¶p-|v. AXp-hgn D|m-Ip¶ ]ptcm-K-a-\-amWv \ap-¡p-Å-Xv. AÃmsX Hcp Pohn ]cn-W-an¨v ]ptcm-K-an-¡m-dn-Ã. Pohn-IÄ kmlN-cy-§-fp-ambn CW-§p-I-bmWv AsÃ-¦n kml-N-cy-§sf CW¡p-Ib - mWv ]Xn-h.v C§s\ CW-§p-t¼mÄ hcp¶ kmh-[m-\a - pÅ hyXy-mk-§f - mWv shfp-¯s - Xm-en-bp-Åh - scbpw aªs¯m-en-bpÅ-h-scbpw Xma-c-¡-®-pÅhscbpw Cdp-§n-b-I-®-pÅhscbpw DbÀ¶-aq¡pÅ-h-scbpw ]c-¶-aq-¡p-Å-h-scbpw s]m¡-ap-Å-hscbpw Ipdn-In-b-h-scbpw FÃmw D|m-¡n-b-Xv. CsXm-¶p-a-sÃ-¦n DÄ]-cn-hÀ¯-\-¯m bmZr-Ñn-I-ambn D|m- I p¶ amä- § Ä {]Ir- X n- \ nÀ²m- c - W - ¯ n\v hnt[- b - a mbn ]p¯³ Ign-hp-If - pÅ ]pXp-Po-hn-If - mbn amdn-t¸m-hpw. a\p-jy-cpsS am{Xw Imcy-sa-Sp-¯mÂ, kml-N-cy-§sf IqSp-X CW-¡m-\pÅ \½psS k©n-X-I-gn-hns\, Fgp-s¯¶ kmt¦-XnIhnZy-bmÂ, Ifn-a¬^-e-I§-fnÂ, Hme-I-fnÂ, ]md-I-fnÂ, ac-t¯m-ep-I-fnÂ, IS-em-Êp-I-fn Fgp-Xn-kq-£n¨v ASp-¯-X-e-ap-dbv¡v ssIamäw sNbvXv \mw D|m-¡nb "]ptcm-K-a\w' Hcp Pohn-sb¶ \ne-bn \½n B´-cnIambn hfsc sNdnb amä§tf D|m-¡pI-bpÅq.

AXpXs¶, Ah-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¡pt¼mÄ Ah kml-N-cy-am-bn-amdp¶p F¶ Imc-Ww-sIm|pam{X-am-Wv. kmt¦-XnIhnZy-IÄ ssIamäw sN¿-s¸-Sm¯ CS-§-fn \mw "BZn-hm-kn-I-f'mbn XpS-cp-¶Xn\p Imc-W-an-Xm-Wv. Hä-s¸« Xpcp-¯p-I-fn-e-I-s¸-«m \mw ho|pw "{]mIr-Xcm'Ip¶-Xn\pw CXp-X-s¶-bmWv Imc-Ww. AXpsIm-|mWv P\n-¡p¶ Hmtcm Ip«n¡pw Fgp¯£c-§Ä Ht¶¶v ]Tn-t¡-|n-h-cp-¶-Xv. A\p-io-e-\-¯n-eqsS ssIamäw sN¿-s¸-Sp¶-sXm¶pw "P•\m' AXm-b-Xv P\n-X-I-ambn e`n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. Iptd Xe-ap-d-I-Ä Ign-bp-t¼mÄ Ah {Kln-¡m-\pÅ hmk\tbdm-\pÅ km²yXam{Xw D|m-Ipw. CXpX-s¶, A\p-io-e\ - k - m-lN - c - y-¯n 298

"]ptcm-KXn' AsX-´mWv?

\n¶pw amän-\nÀ¯n ]cn-tim-[n-¨mse kXy-¯n F{X-t¯m-f-aps|¶v Adnbm³ Ign-bp-I-bpÅq. tem-I-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-sfÃmw \mw hmbn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXnse IYm-]m-{X-§-fp-ambn \ap¡v bmsXmcp {]bm-k-hp-an-ÃmsX XmZmßy-s¸-Sm³ Ign-bp-¶Xv a\p-jy³ FÃm-bn-Shpw Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-ambn XpS-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. Cu XmZm-ßy-s¸-S Ime-tZ-im-Xn-hÀ¯nbmbn A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\pw asäm¶Ã Imc-Ww. c|m-bn-c¯nb ªq-dp-hÀjw ap³]v Fgp-Xnb {Ko¡v \mS-I-§fnse IYm-]m-{X§fpw cmam-bWw, alm-`m-cXw apX-emb CXn-lm-k-§-fnse IYm]m-{X-§-fpw FÃm-ambn \ap¡v XmZm-ßy-s¸-Sm³ Ign-bp-¶Xv \mw a\p-jy-sc¶ \ne-bn amdmsX XpS-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. alm-`m-cX-¯n IÀ®\pw Ip´n-bp-ambn Ah-km\w I|p-ap-«p¶ kµÀ`w hmbn¨v sskt¡m-]m- ¯p-If - à - m¯ Bcpw Ic-ªp-t]m-Ipw. kmlnXy-Ir-Xn-I-Ä Imem-Xn-hÀ¯n-I-fm-hp-I-bà adn¨v \mw a\p-jy-s\¶ Pohn-bmbn XpS-cp-¶-XmWv Cu kmlnXy-Ir-Xn-IÄ Bkzm-Zy-I-cambn XpS-cp-¶X - n\p Imc-Ww. Cu XmZm-ßy-s¸-S "Imem-Xn-hÀ¯n' am{X-aà AXv "tZim-Xn-hÀ¯n' IqSn-bm-Wv. temI-sa-¼m-Sp-apÅ kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-I-fnse IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS kpJ-ZpxJ§fn B|v I®o-scm-gp-¡nbpw s]m«n-¨n-cn¨pw \ap¡v Ign-bm-\m-hp-¶Xv \mw a\p-jy-Po-hn-I-fmbn XpS-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. A\p-io-e-\-¯nsâ XpSÀ¨-bn-Ãm-Xm-bmÂ, AXm-bXv hnS-hp-Ifp-|m-bm \mw k©n-X-ambn BÀÖn¨ AdnhpIÄ \jvS-s¸«p-t]m-Ipw. {KoÊn-ep-|mb apt¶äw XpS-cm³ Ign-bmsX Bbn-c¡-W-¡n\p hÀj-§Ä \jvS-s¸-«p-t]m-bn. AhÀ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯nb hkvXp-X-IÄ Xncn-sI In-«n-b-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv bqtdm-¸n Hcp IpXn-¨p-Nm-«-ap-|m-b-Xv. C´y-bnse taml³P-Zm-tcm-þ-lm-c¸m kwkvIm-c-¯n\v XpSÀ¨bn-Ãm-Xm-bn-t¸m-bn. Ah-cpsS `mjbpw AhÀ tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xn\pw Hcp XpSÀ¨-bp-ap-|m-bn-Ã. a\p-jykmw-kvIm-cnIþkm-t¦-XnI hfÀ¨bv¡v XpSÀ¨ AXym-h-iy-amsW¶v CsXÃmw ImWn-¡p-¶p.

AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ \½n Hcp arKw Dd-§n-¡n-S-¸p-s|¶ Bßo-b-[m-c-Wbpw Cu sXän-²m-cW \nan-¯-ap-|m-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv. "\à Ipe-¯nepw \mbpw P\n¡pw', "]´ocm|v hÀjw Ipg-en h-¨mepw \mbpsS hm hf-tª-bn-cn¡q' F¶ sNmÃp-I-fn-eqsS sbÃmw \ap¡v amä-ap-|m-Ip-¶nà F¶v \mw A\p-`h - n-¡p-¶Xv AdnbmsX ]d-ªp-t]m-hp-Ib - m-W.v \mw B´-cn-Ia - mb, ]g-b` - m-jb - n ]d-ªm "am\-Ên-I-amb', Hcp ]ptcm-K-a-\hpw BÀÖn-¡p-¶n-Ã.

AXp-sIm-|mWv tkmam-en-bm-bn a¬a-dª ISÂs¡m-Å¡ - mÀ 299

a\pjycdnbm³

DbÀs¯- g p- t ¶Â¡p- ¶ - X v ; Ab- e - ¯ p- I msc kv t \ln- ¡ p¶ {InkvXym-\n-IÄ Ipcn-ip-bp²w \S-¯nb-Xv; C¶v ]Ån-If - psS AhIm-i-¯n\pw A[n-Im-c-¯n\pwth|n X½n-e-Sn-¡p-¶Xv; kmtlmZ-cy-kvt\-l-apÅ apkvenw-k-tlm-Z-cÀ kp¶n-þ-jn-bm-am-cmbn sh«nacn-¡p-¶X - ;v "temIm-ka - kvXm kpJnt\m `h´p' F¶v Bbncw h«w P]n-¡p¶ "lnµp'¡Ä Npän-\p-apÅ aäv "ka-kr-jvSn-Isf' PmXnbpsS t]cn Nhp-«n-b-c-bv¡p¶Xv; `qan-bn kzÀ¤w ]Wn-bm³ t]mb I½yq-Wn-Ìp-IÄ \oXnbv¡pw ka-Xz-¯n-\pw-th|n tImSn-¡W-¡n-\p-t]sc sIms¶m-Sp-¡n-b-Xv, C¶pw sIms¶mSp-¡p-¶-Xv; "Bbncw' hÀj-¯n-\p-ti-j-apÅ X]-ÊnÂ\n¶pw I®p-Xp-d-¡pt¼mÄ ap¶n \n¡p¶ ]mÀÆ-Xnsb I|v ]c-a-in-h\v kvJe-\ap-|m-bXv; ta\-Isb ImWp-t¼mÄ hniz-man-{X\v Ccn-¸p-d-bv¡mª-Xv. \à -Nm-Xp-cy-apÅ "al¯p¡Ä'¡v X§Ä amdn-sb¶v A`n-\-bn-¡mw, injyÀ¡v Ahsc I¨hSw sNbvXv D]-Po-h\w \S¯mw, AWn-IÄ¡v Ahsc sXm«p hµn¨v kmbp-Py-a-S-bmw.

A{X-X-s¶. km¼-¯n-Ia - mb Xncn-¨S- n-tbä B[p-\nI "hnI-knX' kaq-l§ - fn hwio-bh - n-tZzjw han-¡p¶ {]kw-K§ - f - p-ambn {]Xy-£s - ¸-Sp¶ GXv "t\Xm-hn'\pw h³ P-\-]n³Xp-WXs¶ e`n-¡pw. tdmkm-e-Iv kw-_À¤n-s\m-¸-ap-|m-bn-cp¶hcpw Ah-cpsS ]n³Xp-SÀ¨-¡m-cpam-bn-cp¶ I½yq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n kJm-¡-fn H«p-ap-¡mÂt]cpw lnäve-dpsS ]pd-tI-t]mb Imcyw A¶s¯ t\Xm-¡sf Hs«m¶paà A¼-c¸ - n-¨X - v. "^mkn-k¯ - nsâ BÄ¡q-«a\ximkv{X'sam¶pw th| CsXm¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡m³.- Xmc-Xt - ay\ km¼-¯nI`{Z-amb Ah-Ø-bn a\p-jyÀ ]c-k] v cw kl-I-cn¨p Pohn-¡p-¶-XpI|v \mw sXämb \nK-a-\-§-fn F¯n-¡q-Sm. B km¼-¯nI`{ZX XIÀ¶mÂ, th|m H¶p-eª mÂ, H¶n¨p\n¶ "sXmgn-emfnhÀ¤' ¯n\p-Ån Fs´Ãmw kzXz-t_m-[-§fmtWm ]Xp§n-¡n-S-¶Xv Ah-sbÃmw ]¯n hnSÀ¯n BSp-IX - s¶ sN¿pw. "apX-em-fn-hÀ¤-' ¯n\pÅnepw CtX kzXz-t_m-[§ - Ä DWÀ¶v {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xpw \mw ImWp-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. Chn-sS-bmWv kpJ-ku-I-cy-§fpw \nb-a§ - fpw `c-Wk - w-hn-[m-\§ - fpw CÃm¯ AhØ a\p-jy-\nse kz`m-hnI AXnÀ¯n-t_m-[§ - Ä kS-Ip-Ss - ª-gp-t¶äp {]hÀ¯n¡m-\pÅ kuI-cy-samcp-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-sa¶v \mw a\Ênemt¡|-Xv. temIw apgp-h³ C¶p \S-¡p¶ km¼-¯nI {]Xn-k-Ôn-aqew FÃm "]ptcm-K-an-¨, hnI-kn-X-k-aq-l-'§-fnepw \s½ A¼-cn-¸n-¨psIm|v "PmXn-a-X-hw-i-hÀ¤-`m-j-hÀ®-enwK' hyXym-k-§-sfÃmw 300

"]ptcm-KXn' AsX-´mWv?

hnPrw-`n¨v s]m«n-s¯-dn-¡p-sa¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Bkvt{Senbm-bn ImWp¶ C´ym-¡m-tcm-SpÅ hntcm-[-¯n\v asäm-cp-Im-cWhpw \mw X¸n\-St¡|-Xn-Ã. C´y-bnÂ\n¶pw sN¶ hnZymÀ°nIÄ Ahn-sS-bpÅ km[m-cW - ¡ - m-cm-b P\-§f - psS sXmgnÂkm²y -X-IÄ IhÀ¶-XmWv bYmÀ° {]iv\w. hnZymÀ°n-IÄ ho«n \n¶pw e`n-¡p¶ hcp-am-\¯ - n\p]pdta asämcp hcp-am-\s - a-¶- \n-e -bn sshZKv²yw Bh-iy-an-Ãm¯ ]Wn-IÄ, AhnsS \ne-hn ep|mbn- c p¶ Iqen- s b- ¡ mÄ Ip- d ¨v sN¿p- h m³ X¿m- d m- b n.

A¯cw aÕcw AXp-hsc "shdpw' Bkvt{S-enb¡mcm-bn-cp-¶hsc "hÀ®-sh-dn-bcmb' Bkvt{S-en-b¡ - m-cm¡n amän. ]t£, km¼ ¯ - n-I {- ]-Xn-kÔ - n-bn-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ Ime-¯,v AXm-bXv [mcmfw tPmenbpw hcp- a m- \ - h p- a p- | m- b n- c p- ¶ t¸mÄ C¯cw hÀ®- s h- d n- b - c mb Bkvt{S-en-b-¡m-cn-Ãm-bn-cp¶psh¶pw ImW-Ww. ]t£, C´ym¡m-scÃmw "A\ycmsW¶v' Adn-bm¯ Hcmkvt{S-en-b-¡m-c\pw, Ahn-Ss¯ kÀ¡mÀ klnXw, Csöpw \mw HmÀ¡-Ww. kzbw A\y-cm-sW-¶-dn-bm¯ Hcn-´ym-¡m-c-\p-an-Ãmsb¶pw \mw Adnb-Ww. AXn-\m AXnÀ¯n-t_m-[§ - Ä amªp-t]mbn \mw "a\p jy'cmbn Fs¶m¶pw sXän²-cn-t¡|. CubnsS Cdm-¡nepw A^vKm\nØm-\nepw bp²-¯n-teÀs¸-«n-cp¶ Ata-cn-¡³ ssk\n I - cpsS-bn-Sb - n bp²-¡p-äh - m-fn-If - mbn in£n-¡s - ¸« Bcpw hnZym`ym-k-¯m "\¶mIm'¯h-c-Ã. ]I-XoÀ¡m³, FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS Bß-hocyw XIÀ¡m³, i{Xp-hns\ A]-am-\n-¡m³, sIm¶n-«-hcpsS PU-§Ä¡p-ap-I-fn aq{X-sam-gn¨p ckn-¡p-¶-hÀhsc D|m-bn-«p-|v. Ah hoUn-tbm-bn ]IÀ¯n Zriy-am-²y-a-§Ä¡v "tNmÀ¯n-s¡m-Sp¯v' kmbp-Py-a-S-bp-¶-hÀh-sc-bp-|v. "hnZym-`ymk-ap|v ]t£, hnh-c-anÃ' F¶ \½psS \mS³ Xam-i-bn \mw Cu AhØ bYmÀ°-¯n hyà-Xt- bmsS A\m-hc - Ww sN¿p-¶p-.

P\n-X-I-amb amä§Ä ASp-¯-X-e-ap-d-bn-te¡v kz`m-hn-I -ambn ssIamäw sN¿-s¸Spw, AXv \nÝ-bw. ]t£, \mw kmaq-lyta-J-e-I-fn-eqsS k©n-X-ambn BÀÖn-¨ Adn-hp-IÄ _mey-Im-ein-£-W-¯n-eqsS ssIamäw sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶n-sÃ-¦n \mw bYmÀ °-¯n-epÅ arK-ambn XpS-cpw. Cu _mey-Im-e-in-£-W-¯n-eqsS ssIamäw sN¿p-¶Xv \mw I|p-]n-Sn¨ kmt¦-XnIhnZy-Ifpw kmaqlnI A¨-S-¡-¯n-\m-hn-iy-amb \nb-a-þ-ss\-XnI kwln-X-Ifpw am{X-hpamWv. Ah ]Tn-¡m\pw ]men-¡m\pw \mw \nÀº-Ô]qÀÆw ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡Ww, AXv {]tbm-K-£-a-am-¡m-\pÅ Øm]-\-§fpw kwØ-Ifpw cq]-s¸-Sp¯n hnI-kn-¸n¡Ww, AÃmsX "icn-þ-sX-äpIÄ' HmXn-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶Xphgn Bcpw \¶m-Ip-¶n-Ã. sa¨-s¸« 301

a\pjycdnbm³

Pohn-X-km-l-N-cy-§fn Dd-§n-¡n-S-¶n-cp¶ kzXz-t_m-[-§Ä sRcp-¡-ap-|m-¡p¶ GX-h-Ø-bnepw s]m«n-ap-f-bv¡p-sa¶v \mw I|p-Ignªp. AXp-sIm-|m-Wv a\p-jys\ \¶m-¡m-\mbn D|m¡nb aX-§Ä Bthmfw {ian-¨-Xn-\p-tijw, AXpw GI-tZiw aqhm-bncw hÀjs¯ {i-a-¯n\ptijw, \½psS \m-cm-b-W³ Xebn ssIbpw-h¨v C§s\ ]d-ªp-t]m-bXv "aX-ta-Xm-bmepw a\p-jy³ \¶m-bm aXn' F¶v. GXm-bmepw th|nà F§-s\-sb ¦nepw \¶mbn I|m aXnsb¶ AÀ°w-X-s¶-bmWv AXn-\pÅ-Xv. AsÃ-¦n aXwsIm|v Imcy-ap-s|¶v hniz-kn-¡p-¶ HcmÄ A§s\ ]d-ªp-Iq-Sm. "Bßo-bh - m-Zn-'IÄ hcp-¯n-h¨ Cu sXäpIÄX-s¶-bmWv "`uXnI-hmZn'Ifpw hcp-¯n-b-Xv. aäp-ar-K-§-fnÂ\n¶pw ]cn-W-an-¨v "D¶Xcmb' Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-amWv \msa¶v hmin-tbmsS ImdÂamÀIvkv iTn-¡p-t¼mÄ Bßo-b-hm-Zn-I-fpsS sXäpXs¶ BhÀ¯n-¡p-Ibm-Wv sNbvXXv. Bßo-bhpw `uXn-I-hp-sam-¶p-an-Ã, Hcp temIw am{Xw. AXns\ a\-Ên-em-¡m-\mbn \mw kuI-cy-]qÀÆw Xcw-Xn-cn¨-t¸mÄ D|m-b-Xp-am-{X-amWv `uXn-Ihpw Bßo-b-hp-saÃmw. Cu temI-¯n tImSn-¡-W-¡n\v PohnhÀ¤-§-fp-Å-Xn H¶p-am-{XamWv \mw, a\p-jyÀ.

C¡m-cW - w-sIm|v \mw kmaq-ln-Ia - mbn cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb \nb-a -§-fp-sSbpw \nb-{´-W-§-fpsSbpw XpSÀ¨-bn km[n-X-amb

302

"]ptcm-KXn' AsX-´mWv?

kmaq-ly-ka - m-[m\w am{Xta bYmÀ°-¯n-epÅq. AÃmsX \½psS {ia-¯nsâ `mK-ambn Ipd-¨p-Imew Ign-bp-t¼mÄ kmaq-ly-km-lN-cy-sa-Ãmsam-cp§n "hÀ¤-k-a-c'-saÃmw XoÀ¶v HcmÄ Hcm-fpsS kwKo-X-ambn a\p-jy-scÃmw amdp-sa¶v kz]v\w ImWp-¶Xv IhnIÄ¡mImw, Imcyhnh-ca - p-Åh - À¡m-bn-¡q-Sm. Chn-sS-bmWv I½yq Wn-k-sa¶ amÀIvkn-b³ kz]v\-¯nsâ DÅv shdpw s]mÅ-bmsW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-t¡-|-Xv; "imkv{Xob' tkmjy-en-k-¯n imkv{Xw ]¯p-i-X-am-\-sa-¦n B{K-l-Nn´ sXm®q-dp-i-X-am-\am-Wv. AtX-t]mse KmÔn-bpsS cma-cm-Py-sa¶ kz]v\hpw adn¨Ã. kzbw]cym- ] v X - a mb {Kma- § - f n- e qsS "{Kma- k z- c mPv ' ! aqV- • mÀ t]mepw C¯cw kz]v\§ - Ä ImWn-Ã. kzmX-{´y-ka - c - ¯ - n-\p-tijw sXmgn \jvS-s¸« Hcp-h³ Pohn-X-¯n-\À°w Is|-¯m³ \S¯p¶ _u²nIm`ym-k-§-fn Ihnªv asäm-cp-aq-ey-hp-a-Xn-\n-Ã. kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-¯nÂ\n¶pw "]mTw' ]Tn¨ Hcm-fpsS kz]v\-§-fmWn-sX¶v \mtamÀ¡-Ww. ]mT-§-sfm¶pw \mw ]Tn-¡p-¶nà F¶v ho|pw Ch \s½ HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶p. sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-t]m-epÅ kan-Xn-IÄ ]c-am-h[n iàn-s¸-Sp¯n km[n-X-am-¡p¶ temI-kam-[m\ A´-co-£¯ - nte, AXm-bXv Hmtcm cmPy-¯n-\p-Ån tI{µK-h¬saâp-IÄ {]hÀ¯n-¨v \ne-\nÀ¯p¶t]mepÅ Hc-´-co-£¯nte, C§-s\-bpÅ Znhm-kz-]v\-§Ä ImWm³ HcmÄ Xp\nbm-hq. AÃmsX C¯-c-¯n-epÅ FÃm kz]v\-§fpw AXv Bßob-th-j-a-Wnªmepw `uXn-I-th-j-a-Wn-ªmepw Htc-t]mse acpa-coNn-I-t]mse Ahm-kvX-h-am-sW¶v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. Hcn¡epw `c-W-IqSw sImgn-ªp-t]m-Ipsa¶ kz]v\-sam¶pw h¨p]p-eÀ¯-cp-Xv. `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-§sf B[p-\n-I-km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I -fpsS klm-b-¯m kpXmcyam¡nbpw Xmc-X-tay\ Agn-a-Xn-c-lnX-am-¡nbpw hnX-cW - c - o-Xn-If - n km²y-amb \oXn-]m-en¨pw \ap¡v Pohn-¡m³ km[n-¨m AXp-Xs¶ Hcp Pohn-sb¶ \ne-bn h³ hn-P-b-ambn ImWm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. bYmÀ°-¯n-epÅ Hcp P\n-X-I-amäw \ap¡v \nco-£n-¡m-\mbXv CXm-Wv. Ignª Ggm-bncw hÀj-¯n\p-ap¼v \mw arK-§sf CW-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ XpS-§n-b-Xn-\p-tijamWv Ah-bpsS ]mev IpSn-¡p-hm³ XpS-§n-bX - .v a\p-jy-Ip-Se - n Ip«n-¡m-e¯ - n-\p-tijw, AXm-bXv aq¶p-h-b-Ên-\p-ti-jw, ]men-epÅ Hcn\w t{]m«o\mb Iymko³ Zln-¸n-¡m-\pÅ F³sskw D|m-Im-dn-Ã. ]t£, GItZiw \mem-bncw hÀjw-ap³]v ]mev BZy-ambn Ip-Sn-¨p-Xp-S§nb bqtdm-¸y³ P\-X-bpsS IpS-en Cu t{]m«n³ Zln-¸n-¡m-\pÅ 303

a\pjycdnbm³

F³sskw A¸m¸w Cubn-S-bmbn I|p-Xp-S-§n-bn-«p-s|¶v ]T-\§ - Ä shfn-hm-¡p-¶p-|.v a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xh - p-ambn X«n-¨p-t\m-¡p -t¼mÄ F{X kmh-[m-\-amWv P\n-X-I-am-ä-§Ä.

P\n-X-I-ta-J-e-bnse \½psS ]p¯\dn-hp-IÄ AXm-bXv P\nXI F³Pn\o-b-dn-§p-sIm|v \Ã- I-®p-I-tfm, CjvS-apÅ sXmentbm, Np|p-It- fm, lrZ-bt- am, InUv\ntbm Hs¡ Xnc-sª-Sp-¡m³ \s½ klm-bn-s¨¶v hcpw. Cu taJ-e-bnse At\z-jWw Hcp]-t£, CXphsc \mw F¯n-t\m-¡n-bn-«n-Ãm¯ km²y-X-IÄ Xpd¶p-Xs - ¶-¶pwh-cmw. AsXÃmw {]hN\mXo-Xa - mWv. ]t£, \mam-bncn-¡p¶ Hcp kwØ AsÃ-¦n knÌw A¸msS amän-s¡mt| C¯-c-samcp amä-¯n\v hnt[-b-am-Im³ Ign-bp-I-bp-Åq. AXv ap³]v \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-b-t]mse ]q¼m-ä-bpsS AkvXnXzw \jvSs¸-Sp-¯ntb AXn\v Hcp hnam-\-t¯mfw hf-cm-\m-hp-I-bp-Åq.

AXp-sIm|v a\p-jym-kX v nXzw hn«mte aäp Ign-hp-IÄ \mw t\Sp-I -bp-Åq. P\n-XI F³Pn-\o-b-dnMv Adn-hp-IÄ kmh-[m-\-apÅ P\nX-Ia - m-äs¯ Xzcn-Xs - ¸-Sp¯pw. A{X-am-{Xw. ]t£, CsXm¶pwXs¶ \mw sImXn-¡p¶ B "a\p-jy- \-¶m-I-eÃ' F¶v \mw Xncn¨dn-bpIXs¶ thWw. a\p-jy-\mb Pohn-bm-bn, FÃm hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-§-fpambn \mw XpS-cp-I-X-s¶-bm-Wv. \K-c-h¡-c-W-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨ sIm|v, kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS XpSÀ¨bpw hfÀ¨bpw I|v, \nb-a-þ-ss\-XnI Øm]-\-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨bpw hfÀ¨bpw I|,v Ah Xcp¶ Xmc-X-tay\ IqSp-X kzmX{´yhpw kam-[m-\hpw I|v \mw amdn F¶v sXän-²-cn-¡-cp-Xv. \mw a\p-jy-cmbnXs¶ XpS-cp-Ib - mWv AÃmsX "sa¨-s¸«' a\p-jy-cmbn hnI-kn-¡p-IbÃ.

304

kaXzw F¶ B[p-\nI aqeyw

a\p-jy-k-aqlw C¶v Gähpw apdpsI ]nSn-¡p¶ aqey a - m-Wv ka-Xzw. Cu ka-Xz-sa¶ aqeyw t{iWo-_² - a - mbn cq]s¸« a\pjyPohn-hÀ¤-¯nsâ kI-e-am\ Øm]-\-§sfbpw _Ô-§-sfbpw ]nSn-¨p-e¨v ]c-k] v c kwLÀj¯n Bgv¯n-bn-cn-¡-bm-Wv. hnI-kn-X-amb ]qÀÆ-Ime kwkvIr-Xn-I-fn kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bpsS cq]-¯n CXp {]Xy-£s - ¸-«n-«p-|v. hyXykvX Ipe-§Ä, tKm{X-§Ä, aX§Ä F¶nh Hcp \K-c-¯n-\p-Ån GIo-I-c-W-¯n\p hnt[-b-am-Im³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kml-N-cy-§-Ä D|m-bm XpeyX F¶ Cu aqeyw {]Xy-£s - ¸-Sp-IX - s¶ sN¿pw. ]t£, \mw C¶p ImWp¶ Xc-¯n-ep-Å kmaqlnI Xpey-X-bpsS k¦-e] v \w ]e Xc-¯n-epÅ {]{In-bIÄ¡ptijw Hcp ap¶qdp hÀj-§Ä¡p ap¼v bqtdm¸n cq]wsIm|-Xm-Wv. kmaqlnI-\nÀ½mW{]{In-bbn Hcn-¡epw C\n Hgn¨p IqSm-\m-hm-¯, AXnsâ tI{µ-am-bn-¯s¶ hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Xpey-\oXn AsÃ-¦n kaXzw F¶ aqeyw {^©p hn¹-h-¯n\ptijamWv C{XI|v kq£v-a-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sm\pw AXnsâ kmaq-ly-km-²y-X-IÄ hn]p-e-s¸-Sp-¯m\pw AXn-s\-¸än IqSp-X Bcm-bm\pw Hcp Iq«-sa¶ \ne-bn a\p-jyk-aqlw Bcw-`n-¨-Xv. c|m- b n- c ¯nbªqdphÀjw ap³]v cNn- ¡ - s ¸« t¹täm-bpsS "dn¸-»n-¡n' kmaq-ln-Ik - a - X - zs¯¸än-bpÅ NÀ¨-IÄ D|v. "dn¸-»n-¡n'se ]u--c-•mÀ Xpey-cm-sW¶v tkm{I-«okv ]d-bp¶p-ap-|.v ]t£, \K-c¯ - n sXt¡m«pw hSt¡m«pw \S¶v \nÈ-_vZa - mbn ]Wn-sb-Sp-¯n-cp¶ ASna-Isf CtX tkm{I-«okn\v ]uc-•m-cmtbm F´n\v a\pjy-cmbnt¸mepw ImWm³ Ign-ªn-cp-¶n-Ã. tkm{I-«okn\p am{X-aà ]g-b-Ime alm-•mÀ¡mÀ¡pw-Xs¶ Cu Xpey-\o-Xn-bpsS \ntj[w ImWp-hm³ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp¶n-Ã. "kÀÆw JeznZw {_Òambn', AXm-bXv kI-ehpw {_Ò-a-b-ambn A\p-`-hn¨p \S¶ i¦-c\v Idp-¯-sXm-en305

a\pjycdnbm³

bp-Åh - s\ I|-t¸mÄ Ah³ {_Ò¯n\v ]pd¯msW-¶p tXm-¶n b - Xpt]m-se-bmWv Cu "]pIÄs]ä'GI-Xzm-\p-`hw. i¦-cs\ c£n¡m-\mbn inh³ NWvUm-et- hjw sI«n ]co-£n-¡m³ h¶-Xm-sW¶ sI«p-IY ]d-ªp]-ct - ¯| KXn-tISphsc-bp-|mbn. C´y-bnse X¯z- N n- ´ - I sc Ah- c psS kz]v \ - ¯ nÂt]mepw Xpey- X - t bm AXn\v \nc-¡p¶ \oXn-t_m-[tam A¸w-t]mepw Ae-«n-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.

GI- X z- a p- | m- ¡ m- \ pÅ X{X- ¸ m- S n DÅ- hy- X y- k v X - I ÄIqSn tX¨pam¨v If-bm-\pÅ Xo{h-b-Xv\-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p AhÀ.

GI-Xz-t_m-[¯ - nÂ\n¶pw Hcn-¡epw Xpey-\o-Xn-sb¶ kmaq-ly -k-a-Xz-]-c-amb k¦Â¸-\-ap-|m-In-Ã. asäm-¶p|v AsÃ-¦n asämcp-h-\p|v F¶ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-h-gntb ka-Xz-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Btem-N\ - t - ]mepw \m¼n-Sp-Ib - p-Åq. At¸mÄ "{io\m-cmb-Wt\m?'

F¶v kzm`m-hn-I-ambn tIc-fo-b-\mb HcmÄ tNm-Zn-¨pt]m-Ipw. \mcmb-Wsâ k¶ym-kwt]m-se-Xs¶ At±-l-¯nsâ Xpey\oXnt_m[w, At±-l-¯nsâ hm¡v IS-sa-Sp-¯mÂ, A¶v \mSp-`-cn¨ "kmbn-¸n'Â\n¶pw e`n-¨-XmW,v AÃmsX thZm-´-¯nÂ\n¶pw e`n-¨-X-Ã. thZm-´-¯nÂ\n-¶m-bn-cp-s¶-¦n i¦-c\pw e`n-t¨-s\, "i¦-csâ aX-amWv Fsâbpw aXw' F¶v \mcm-bW - ³ ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-«p-|v. Hcp X¯z-Nn-´-bnÂ\n¶v c|-\p-`-h-ap-|m-hp-I-bà sNbvXXv, adn¨v \mcm-b-W³ ka-Im-eo\ Adnhv t\Sp-I-bm-Wp|mb-sX¶v ImWmw. CtX ka-Im-eo\ Adn-hp-X-s¶-bmWv hnthIm\-µsâ "]ptcm-Ka - \ - '-Ñh - n-bpw. bqtdm-¸nse bm{X-If - mW,v A¡mes¯ Ahn-Ss¯ tkmjy-enÌv NÀ¨-I-fmWv, hnth-Im\-µsâ "iq{Z-bp-K'-¯nsâ IS-¶ph-c-hn-s\-¸-än-bpÅ kqN-\-IÄ \ndª I¯p-IÄ Fgp-Xm³ At±-ls¯ t{]cn-¸n-¨-Xv. Ccp-¶-a-e-bn \n¶pw Hcp-Np-hSv Xmtgm«nd-§m-Xn-cp-¶-Xn-\m CtX thZm´w ]Tn¨ ca-W³ Xpey-X-sb-¸-äntbm F´n\v Xmsg-sbmcp kaq-l-apÅ-Xn-s\-¸-äntbm Hcp-hcn ]d-bpItbm HmÀ¡pItbm sNbvXn«n-Ã. aX§fpsS t]cn a\p-jyÀ X½n XÃn-¨m-Ip-¶Xv XS-bm³ Fs´-¦nepw sN¿-W-sa¶v KmÔn A¡m-es¯ C´y-bn-epÅ {]kn-²-cmb Bßo-b-t\-Xm-¡Ä¡v Fgp-Xnb s]mXp-I-¯n\v adp]Sn \ÂIp¶ I¯n ca-W³ C§s\ ]d-bp¶p "]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸tS| Hcp {]iv\hpw Rm³ ImWp-¶nÃ'. thZm-´n¡v CsXÃmw "ambm-{`-a'-am-sW-¶-dnbmw. AXn-\m ca-Wsâ D¯cw AXn-\-\pkr-Xh - pam-W.v GXm-bmepw bqtdm-¸nÂ\n-s¶-¯nb \½psS "kmbn ¸'•mÀ¡v thZm´w Adn-ªp-Iq-Sm-bn-cp-¶p. AXn-\m AhÀ¡v ka-Xz-t_m[w D|m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \nÝ-ba - mbpw AXdn-bm-¯ Xp-sIm|pXs¶-bm-Wv AhÀ¡v ka-Xz-t_m-[-ap-|mbXv; CXv \½p-sSsbms¡ `mKysa¶-ÃmsX asä´p]d-bm³....

306

kaXzw F¶ B[p-\nI aqeyw

Xpey-\oXn ssPh-]-c-amb Hcp kzm`m-hn-I-aq-ey-a-Ã. D|m-¡n-bXnÂ\n¶v D|m-¡n-b-hs\ A\p-am-\n¨v alm-IÀ¯m-hmb ssZh¯ns\ FÃm hnI-knX kaq-lhpw ap³Im-e¯v Is|-¯nb t]mse, Xpey-\oXn F¶ aqeyw, B[p-\nI kmaq-ln-I -G-Io-I-cW Bhiy¯m a\p-jy-ka - q-l¯ - n BsI \nÀ½n-¡s - ¸-«p- IS-¶phcnI-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. Cu \nÀ½n-¡-s¸« aqeyw Imem-Im-e-§-fn hnhn[ kwkvIm-c§ - f - n hnhn[ coXn-If - n hymJym-\n¨v \ho-Ic - n¨v {]tbm-K-£-a-am-¡n-s¡m-|ncn-¡p¶ H¶m-Wv. Irjn-bn-teÀs¸«p XpS-§n-bn-«n-Ãm¯ tKm{X-ka - qlwsXm«v kvt] kvtÌj³ \nÀ½n-¡p¶ kaqlwhsc Htckabw H¶ptNÀ¶p \nev¡p¶ a\p-jy-k-aqlw F¶ Hscmä GI-I-¯n-te¡v BtKmf-hXvI-c-W-¯m tbmPn-¨p-sIm-|n-cn-¡p¶ Cu Ime-L-«-¯n kaXzw F¶ aqeyw kaq-l-§sf, a\p-jy-_-Ô-§sf kaqew kwLÀj-`c - n-Xa - m-¡pw. C§s\ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Cu aqeyw C\n \ap¡v Dt]-£n-¡m-\m-hnà F¶ kXyhpw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. "amthen \mSp hmWoSpw Imew am\p-j-sc-Ãmcpw H¶p-t]mse' Bbn-cps¶¶pw ]qÀÆ-Ime \•-\n-dª GtXm GZ³tXm-«-¯nÂ\n¶v a\p-jy-k-aqlw Xmtgm«v \n]-Xn¨v, t__-enÂ\n¶v `mj-IÄ ]ckv]cw kwkm-cn-¡m³ Ign-bmsX AI¶pt]mb-Xm-sW-¶pw BZyhy-h-ØnXn {]mIr-X-I-ayq-Wn-k-am-sW¶psams¡-bpÅ k¦-e] v \§Ä IqSn-t¨À¶v \ap-¡p-|m-bn-cp-¶ Xpey-Xbpw ka-Xzhpw \jvSs - ¸-«p-t]m-bX - msW¶ coXn-bn-emWv s]mXpsh \mw hyh-lc - n -¡m-dp-Å-Xv. ]c-k] v cw Af-¶p-t\m¡n th|pw-h®w Xpey-ambn s]cp-am-dm¯-hÀ F¶p Is|¯n At§m-«p-an-t§m«pw kq£va-ambn shdp¡m\pw AI-em-\p-amWv Cu aqeyan¶v a\p-jy-cp-sS-bn-S-bn AhcpsS _Ô-§-fn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶m t{iWo_-²-amb Hcp kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-bmWv \mw F¶v a\-Ên-em¡n Hcp PohnhÀ¤am-sW-¦nepw hnhn[ {]tZ-i-§-fpsS kml-N-cy-¯m hyXy-kvXamb hnIm-k-{]-{In-b-I-fm ]e X«p-I-fmbn cq]-s¸« a\p-jy-kaqlw ]S-tbm-«-§-fn-eq-sSbpw hym]m-c-§-fn-eq-sSbpw ]c-k] v cw ho|pw Is|¯n Htc-sbmcp `qan-bpsS a¡-fm-sW¶ Xncn-¨-dnhn-te¡v \mw F¯n-t¨-cp-¶-tX-bp-Åq. kl-Po-hn-Ifmb aäp arK§fpw kky-Pm-e§ - f - p-saÃmw Hscmä Pohsâ XpS-¡¯ - nÂ\n¶pw DXv]-¶-am-b-Xm-sW¶ Is|-¯epw Hcp k¦-e] v -\-bm-YmÀ°y-sa¶-Xn-ep-]cn `qan-bnse PohnXbmYmÀ°y-ambpw \mw Xncn-¨d - n-ªn«v A[n-I-Im-e-am-bn-«nÃ. C§s\ XpeyX AsÃ-¦n kaXzw F¶ aqeyw C\nbpw cq]-s¸-tS-|X - m-bn-«pÅ Hcp aqey-ambn Xncn-¨d - nªv ]c-k] v cw hne-bn-cp-¯n, hn[n-sb-gp-Xm³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡msX, AXv 307

a\pjycdnbm³

cq]-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ kl-I-c-W¯nsâ t_m[-amWv \ap-¡p-|mtI-|-Xv. XpeyX F¶ kmaq-ln-I-aqeyw Hcp thm«neqsS cmjv{So-bm-[n Imcw ]¦ph¨v Hmtcm ]uc-t\bpw \nÀ½n-s¨-Sp-¡p-¶Xphgn kmaqln-I-amb bmYmÀ°y-ambn "hnI-knX' kaq-l-§-fn Aev]-sa¦nepw km[ns¨Sp-¯n-«p-|v. ]t£, tKm{X-hÀ¤-kw-kvIm-c-§Ä \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ kaq-l-§-fn CXn¶pw km[n¨n-«nà F¶pw \mw HmÀt¡-|-Xp-|v. ]uc-•mÀ¡v Hcp thm«v Ah-Im-i-ambn \evInb BZy-Ime kaq-l-§-fn-sem¶pwXs¶bpw Xsâ ]¦m-fn-bmb Htc tKm{X-¯n s]Sp¶, Htc `mj kwkm-cn-¡p¶, Htc hÀ¤¯nepw hÀ®-¯nepw IpSpw-_-¯nepw Ign-ªncp¶ kv{Xo¡v \evInbn-cp-¶nà F¶ bmYmÀ°yhpw \mw ad-¶p-Iq-Sm. tkm{I-«o-kn\v ASn-a-Isf ]uc-•m-cmbn ImWm³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶Xpt]mseXs¶bmWv kz´w ]¦m-fn-bm-bn-cp-¶n-«p-t]mepw kv{Xosb Xpey-cmbnImWm³ B[p-\nI ]pcp-j•mÀ¡v Ign-bm-Xn-cp-¶X - v, Ign-bm-Xn-cn-¡p¶-Xv. kv{Xo]pcpjkaXzw Dd-¸m¡n enwK-t`-Zh - n-th-N\w Fhn-sS-sbÃmw Hfn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶pthm AXn-s\-sbÃmw sXm«p-Im-Wn¨v IqSpX hnhrX-am¡n kv{Xo]p-cpjkaXzw Dd-¸n-¡m-\pÅ {ia-¯n-emWv \mw Ct¸mÄ. Cu ka-Xz-`m-h\, hyàn-IÄ X½n-ep-Å, {]tXyIn¨v kv{Xobpw ]pcpj-\p-amb hyàn-IÄ X½n-epÅ _Ôw hf-sc-b[ - nIw kwLÀj]qcnX-am-¡n-bn-«p|v. Htc-k-abw Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤w F¶ \ne-bn-epÅ kv{Xoþ]p-cpj_Ôhpw kmaq-ln-Ih - y-àn-Is - f¶ \ne b - n-epÅ kv{Xoþ]p-cpj_Ôhpw X½nÂ, H¶n¨p Pohn-¡p¶ kµÀ`§-fn-seÃmw IqSp-X kabw ]c-k] v chncp-²hpw Nne-t¸mÄam{Xw ]qc-I-hp-ambn¯ocp-¶Xpw \ap¡p ImWmw. CXns\ hyànPo-hnX-¯n ]c-am-h[n kwXp-en-X-ambn ssIImcyw sN¿m³ BÀ s¡Ãmw Ign-bp-¶pthm Ah-cp-sS-bn-Sb - n am{Xta Aev]s - a-¦nepw kam-[m\w D|m-Ip-¶p-Åq, D|m-Ip-I-bpÅq. km{¼-Zm-bn-Ia - mb hnhm-l§ - f - n GÀs¸«p Ign-bp-t¼mÄ CXp ]cn-l-cn-¨n-cp¶p F¶p sXän-²-cn-¡p¶ ]e-cp-ap-|v. bYmÀ°¯n Hcp hyàn am{Xw, AXm-bXv `À¯m-hp-am{Xw D|m-hp-Ibpw `mcy Abm-fpsS A\p-_-Ô-ambn \ne-sIm-Åp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶Xp hgn-bm-bn-cp¶p AhnsS {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. Xpey-Xm-kwLÀjw ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ ]|v ]pcp-j-•mÀ Is|-¯nb hnZy, {]mb ¯n Npcp-§n-bXv A©p-sXm«v ]¯p-hÀjwhsc Cf-bh - c - m-hp-I, Xt¶-¡mÄ s]m¡w Ipd-hp-Åh - c - mtWm F¶p t\m¡p-I, [\-ØnXn-bnepw IpSpw-_-a-ln-a-bnepw Xt¶-¡mÄ XmsgbmtWm F¶v t\m¡p-I, F¶n«v kv{XoIÄ¡v hf-cp-¶-Xph-gnbpw ]cn-N-bw308

kaXzw F¶ B[p-\nI aqeyw

sIm|pw D|m-Ip¶, _ew\ÂIp¶ kz´w ho«nÂ\n¶pw Ahsc ]dn¨v `À¯m-hnsâ ho«n Xf-bv¡pI, hnZym-`ymkw \ÂIm-Xn-cn¡pI Ah-km-\a - m-bn, Aev]w-t]mepw kz¯v sIm-Sp-¡p- Itbm D] -tbm-Kn-¡m³ A\p-h-Zn-¡p-Itbm sN¿m-Xn-cn-¡pI F¶nhbm-Wv. C¯-c¯ - n- ]pcp-jh - o-£W - t - Im-WnÂ\n¶pw cq]-s¸« Cu "KqV]²Xn-'bpsS \S-¯n-¸m-bn-cp¶p ]g-bI - m-eK - mÀln-Ik - a - m-[m-\¯ - nsâ Xmt¡mepw cl-ky-hpw. kzbw Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p¶ X§-fp-sS-Xs¶ Xocp-am-\-{]-Imcw Pohn-¡p¶ B[p-\nI kv{Xoþ]p-cp-j• - m-cp-sS-bn-Sb - n Cu kwLÀj¯n-\v Hcp Ipd-hp-ap|mIn-Ã, AX-hnsS IqSp-X aqÀÑn-¡pItb bp-Åq. t{]aw-sIm|v Iogvs¸-Sm\pw Iogvs¸-Sp-¯m\pw a\-Êp-IÄ sh¼p-sa-¦nepw kmaq-ln-I-Xp-ey-\o-Xn-t_m-[-¯nsâ Ae-sbm-enIÄ Cu Iogvs¸-Sp-¯-en-s\bpw Iogvs¸-S-en-s\bpw A[n-I-Imew A\p-hZn-¡m-dn-Ã. Xpey-\oXn F¶ ]p¯³aqeyw Hä-s¸« Xpcp-¯pI-fmbn a\p-jy-a\ - Ê - p-Isf amän-bn-«p-|v. ]pcp-j• - msct¸mse-Xs¶ hnZym-`ym-k-¯m B[p-\n-I-kz-Xz-t_m-[-amÀÖn¨, kzbw A¶wI-s|-¯m³ sIev]mÀÖn¨, ka-Xz-sa¶ aqey-¯m Dt¯-Pn-Xcmb kv{XoI-tfm-sSm¯v Pohn-¡m³ ]pcp-j-•mÀ kzbw hnZym-`ymk-¯n\v hnt[-bc - mbn \ho-Ic - n-¨m kwLÀj-¯n\v Aev]w ia\w Is|-¯m³ Ign-bpw. AsÃ-¦n F{Xsb{X Iu¬kn-enMv tI{µ -§Ä ap¡n-\p-ap-¡n\v Bcw`n¨mepw IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn-IÄ FÃm PnÃ-I-fn-epam-cw-`n-¨mepw hnhm-l-§-tf-¡mÄ hnhm-l-tam-N-\-§fpsS A\p-]mXw IqSp-I-Xt¶bpÅq.

F¶mÂ, CXn-\p-]-Icw a\p-jy³ Hcp kaq-l-Pohn F¶ \nebn ]g-b-Im-e-_-Ô-§-fn-te¡v Xncn-¨p-t]mImw F¶v Bcp-sImXn-¨mepw AXpw km²y-a-Ã. AXn-\m ka-Xz-sa¶ \oXn \S-¸m¡p-hm³ kmaq-ln-I-{]-{In-b-I-tfm-sSm¸w \nb-a-\nÀ½m-W-§-tfm -sSm¸w kmaq-ly-k-a-c-§-tfm-sSm¸w Hmtcm hyànbpw Ah-\-hsâ Hcp "B´-cn-I-amb a\-Ên-em¡n ]cp-h-s¸-Sp-¯Â' Hmtcm \nanjhpw sNbvXp-sIm|pw ]c-k] v cw Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶X - n-\p-]I - cw \mw F¯n-t¨À¶p \nev¡p¶ Cu kµn-Kv²m-h-Øsb adnIS-¡m³ kvt\l¯n-sâbpw Icp-W-bp-sSbpw ap{Z-tbmsS ]c-k] v cw klmbn-¨psIm|pw am{Xta CXv km[n-X-am-Iq. CXp Hcp \o| {]{Inb-bmbn \mw a\-Ên-em-¡W - w. \ne-hn-en-Ãm¯, D|m-¡n-sb-Sp-t¡-|Xm-bn-«pÅ Hcp aqey{]-Xe - a - mbn ka-Xz-\nÀ½mWs¯ \mw a\-Ênem-¡W - w. C§s\ ]d-bp-t¼mgpw kaXzw ]qÀ®-ambn km[n-¡p-Ib - nà F¶v \mw I|p-IgnªtÃm, AXv ssPhn-It- Nm-Z\ - I - Äs¡-Xn-cm-W.v ^yqU-en-kw, apX-em-fn-¯w, ]pcp-jm-[n-]X - yw, apX-emb amÀIvknÌv s^an-\nÌv k¦-e] v -\-§Ä Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤w F¶ \ne-bn a\p-jy309

a\pjycdnbm³

cpsS ]cn-Wm-a-{]-{In-bsb a\-Ên-em-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]Icw ]e Imcy-§fpw ad¨phbv¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. Cu ]cn Iev]-\-IsfÃmwXs¶bpw ta kqNn-¸n-¨n-«p-Å ssPhn-Im-Sn-¯-dbn \n¶p-sIm|v Hcp ]p\Àhn-Nn´-\¯ - n\p hnt[-ba - m¡n XtÅ|-Xns\ XÅnbpw sImtÅ-|-Xns\ sIm|pw \ap¡p apt¶m«p sIm|p-t]m-tI-|X - p-|.v Hcp hyàn-bpsS Pohn-Xs - a-Sp-¯m AhÀ hf-cp¶ IpSpw-_-§fntem ]Tn-¡p¶ kvIqfp-I-fntem Pohn-¡p¶ aX-§-fntem {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ cmjv{So-b-]m-À-«n-I-fntem \oXn-¡pth|n kao-]n-¡p¶ tImS-Xn-If - ntem \nb-a\ - nÀ½mW k`-If - ntem H¶pw-Xs¶ ka-Xz-¯nsâ GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ {]tbm-K-]-cXtbm Øm\-§tfm NnÓ-§tfm \ap¡p ImWp-hm³ Ign-bn-Ã.

AXm-bXv kaXzw {]tbm-Kn¨p ]Tn-¡p-hm-\pÅ Hcp thZnbpw a\p-jy-\n-Xp-hsc I|p-]n-Sn-¨n-«n-Ã. Hcp {iaw \S-¯nb GIthZn IayqWnÌp]mÀ«n-bm-Wv. kl-{]-hÀ¯-Isc "kJmth' F¶p hnfn¨m-cw-`n¨ Iayq-WnÌp]mÀ«n CXv D¶w hs¨-¦nepw kJmhv F¶ hnfn C¶v Iayq-WnÌp]mÀ«n-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Bfp-Isf am{Xw Dt±-in-¡p-¶X - mbn A[x-]X - n-¨n-cn-¡pI-bm-W.v Ahn-sS-Xs¶ "kJmhv tN«-•mcpw' "kJmhv ama-•mcpw' "k-Jmhv kmd-•mcpw' FÃm-ambn Cu kaXzw ]e X«p-I-fn-embn Xncn-ªp \nev¡p-¶Xv \ap¡p ImWmw. Cu {iaw s]men-ªp-t]m-bXn\p ImcWw Ah-cpsS {ia¯nsâ IpdhpsIm|-Ã, A§-s\-bm-sW¶v ]d-bm³ \mw B{K-ln ¡pt¼mgpw. adn¨v, t{iWo-_-²-amb a\p-jy-Po-hn-hÀ¤-¯nsâ klPkz-`m-h-¯nsâ {]kv^p-cWwsIm|m-Wv. arK-Ip-e-¯n \n¶v hntÑ-Zw- h¶p kzX-{´-ambn amdn-bh - c - mWv a\pjy-Po-hn-Is - f¶v sXän-²-cn¨p a\-Ên-em-¡n-bXphgn-bmWv Cu {iaw {][m\ambn ]mfn-t¸m-b-Xv. AsÃ-¦n km²y-am-b-sX-¦nepw \ap¡v At\z-jn¡m³ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. IayqWnÌp-ImÀ I¿m-fm³ {ian¨ ka-Xz -sa¶ kmaq-ln-I-Xp-ey-]-Zhn km£m-XvI-cn-¡m³ amÀIvknÌv k¦ev]-\-§fpw a\-Ên-em-¡-ep-Ifpw t]mcmsX h¶-Xmbn \ap¡p ImWmw. A¡m-cW - w-sIm-|p-Xs - ¶-bmWv Hcp ]nc-an-Up-t]mse cq]-s¸« {_m©p I½-än, tem¡Â I½-än, Gcnb I½-än, PnÃm I½-än, tÌäv I½-än, tÌäv sk{I-«-dn-tb-äv, sk³{S I½-än, sk³{S sk{I-«dn-tb-äv, t]mfnäv_yqtdm, P\-d sk{I«dn F¶ coXn-bn t{iWo_-²a - mbn Iayq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n-IÄ cq]-s¸-«X - .v Utam-{Im-änIv sk³{Senkw F¶v F{X sIm«n-tLm-jn-¨mepw t]mfnäv_yqtdm-bpsS Xocp -am-\-¯n\p ap¼n FÃm ka-Xzhpw P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw sI«-S-§pw. tIm¬{K-knsâ ssl¡-am-âpw Xmtgm-«pÅ I½-än-If - p-saÃmw CtX ]nc-an-Unsâ X\nkzcq]wXs¶-bm-Wv. cmPm-hnsâ Ime¯v \nb310

kaXzw F¶ B[p-\nI aqeyw

a-\nÀ½m-Wk - ` cq]o-Ic - n-¨t- ¸mÄ cmPm-hn-\n-cn-¡m-\mbn D|m-¡nb kv]o¡À F¶ ]Zhn AtXcoXn-bn Xs¶-bmWv C¶pw \mw ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-Xv. C§s\ P\m-[n-]Xyw \S-¸n-em-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ B[p-\nI cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«nbntem, \mw Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw Pohn-¡p¶ Aѳ, A½, a¡Ä F¶ X«p-I-fpÅ IpSpw-_-¯ntem, ssZhw apX ]Åoe¨³, ap{In, ]qPmcnhsc-bpÅ hnhn[ X«p-I-fn-epÅ aX-§fntem, in]mbn apX slUvam-ÌÀ-þ-{]n³kn¸mÄhsc-bpÅ X«pI-fmbn hn`-Pn-¡s - ¸« hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\§ - f - ntem, hntÃ-Pm-^o-kÀ sXm«v If-IvSÀ-þ-No^v sk{I-«dnhsc-bpÅ `cWkwhn-[m\-§ f - ntem, s_©p-¢mÀ¡papX No^vPÌnkvhsc-bpÅ tImSXnapdnI- f ntem, t]meokv tIm¬Ì- _ nÄapX Un.Pn.]nhsc- b pÅ t]meokv kwhn-[m-\-§-fntem, Phm-\n XpS§n kÀÆ-ssk-\ym[n-]-\n Ah-km-\n-¡p¶ ]«m-f-¯ntem H¶pw ka-Xz-¯nsâ {]tbm-K-{]-hÀ¯-\-§tfm NnÓ-§tfm Ccn-¸n-S-§tfm Xcn¼pw ImWm³ \ap¡p Ign-bn-Ã. \½psS Pohn-t_m-[-¯n-s\-Xn-cm-bmWv XpeyX AsÃ-¦n kaXz- t _m[w cq]- s ¸- « n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ - X v . Cu Xpey- \ o- X n- t _m- [ - ¯ n \n¶pXs¶-bmWv HcmÄ¡v Hcp Pohn-X] - ¦ - m-fn-sb¶pw Poh-kÔ - mc-W-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb hn`-h-§-fpsS Xpey-hn-X-c-Wtam ]¦p-hbv¡tem thW-sa¶ imTyhpw \ap-¡p-|m-b-Xv. Cu \oXn-t_m[w hnI-kn-X-k-aq-l-§-fn-em-cw-`n¨v aäp kaq-l-§-fn-te¡v kmh-[m\w hmÀ¶n-d-§n-s¡m-|n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Cu aqey-hp-am-bpÅ B´-cnIhpw kmaq-ly-hp-am-bpÅ kwLÀj¯n-emWv \msa-Ãmw. Hcp-hi¯v ssPhn-I-tNm-Z-\-I-fmb FÃm- hn-Im-c-hn-Nm-c-§fpw \s½ ]nSn-¨p-h-en-¡p-¶p-|mhpw adp-h-i¯v Akm-²y-amb Hcp kz]v\wt]mse ka-Xz-sa¶ aqeyw \s½ sImXn-¸n-¨p-sIm|v \n¡p-¶pap|m-hpw. aäp-Å-h-scÃmw ka-Xz-]-c-ambn s]cp-am-d-W-sa¶v \mw iTn-¡p-t¼mÄ \mw A§s\ s]cp-am-dp-¶p-s|¶ hnizm-k-amWv \ap-¡p-Å-Xv. aäp-Å-hÀ \s½ hnaÀin-¡pt¼mÄ, Adn-bmsX ]e \ymb-§fpw \½psS {]hr-¯n-I-fpsS, s]cp-am-ä-¯nsâ km[q-I-cW-¯n\v \mw Is|-¯m-dp-|v. hb-Êv, Adn-hv, A\p-`-h-Úm\w, ]cn-Nbw XpS-§n-b-hsbÃmw \mw Cu km[q-I-c-W-¯n\v Iq«p]nSn-¡p¶p|mIpw. aäp-Å-h-tcmSv s]mdp-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw kzbw s]mdp¯v \mw \s½ kvt\ln-¡p-I- am{Xam-Wv sN¿p-¶-Xv. AÃmsX bYmÀ°¯n BÀ¡pw ka-Xz-]-c-ambn s]cp-am-dm³ Ign-bn-Ã. Cu Hcp Xncn-¨d - n-hp-|m-bmÂXs¶ IqSp-X bmYmÀ°yt_m-[-t¯msS \½Ä¡v ]c-k] v cw s]cp-am-dm³ Ign-bpw.

C§s\ kaXzw Hcn-¡epw D|m-bn-«n-Ãm-¯Xpw AXn\n D|mt¡-|-Xm-sW¶pw AXv D|m-Ip-t¼mgpw \mw sImXn-¡p-¶-Xp311

a\pjycdnbm³

t]mse D|m-IpIbn-Ãm-sb¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em¡n ]c-k] v cw ]gnNmcmsX ]ckv]cw hn[n-¡msX Iq«mbn ]cn-{i-an¨v km²y-amIp¶coXn-bn km[n-s¨-Sp-t¡| aqey-ambn AXns\ a\-Ên-emt¡-|-Xp-|v. H¸w ]c-k] v cw ASn-¡m-\pÅ hSn-bmbn AXns\ amäm-Xn-cn-¡m³ \nXm-´-Pm-{KX \mw ]peÀ¯-Ww.

312

kaXzw F¶ B[p-\nI aqeyw

313

]mcn-Øn-XnI kwc-£Ww

a\p-jy-cpsS A`q-X] - qÀÆ-amb hfÀ¨bv¡v þþ AXv F®w sIm|m-bmepw Pohn-Xk - u-IcywsIm|m-bmepwþþ\nÝ-b -amb Hcp hne \mw \ÂtI-|n-hcpw. CsXmcp s]mXp Xncn-¨-dn-hmbn a\p-jy-k-aq-l-¯nse Hcp hen-b-hn-`mKw P\-Xbv¡v D|m-bn«v A[n-Im-ea - m-bn-«n-Ã. ap³Im-e a - ¬adª "hn-Ik - n-X'-ka - q-l§ - f - n Cu Xncn-¨d - n-hnsâ {]kv^pc-W-§Ä hyàn-IÄ¡pw sNdp-kw-L-§Ä¡pw D|m-bn«p-ÅX - mbn Ncn-{X-¯m-fp-If - n X¸n-bm \ap¡p Is| ¯m\mhpw. A¯cw Xncn-¨-dn-hp-I-fpsS {]tbmK{]hÀ ¯-\-§-fpsS Ah-in-jvS-§Ä F¶-\n-e-bn \½psS Imhp-I-sfbpw Ipf-§-sfbpw \ap¡p Xncn-¨-dn-bm-hp-¶Xm-Wv. F¦nepw Hcp PohnhÀ¤sa¶-\n-e-bn \mw D¯c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-Å-h-cmbn s]cp-am-td-|-Xp|v F¶v \mw Adn bp-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn¨v hen-b-]-²-Xn-I-fm-hn-jvIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«v A[n-I-Im-e-am-bn-«n-Ã. Hmtkm¬]mfn-bnse Zzmcw Hcp-X-hW AS-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v \ap¡p IgnªXv Iq«m-b{- ]-hÀ¯-\w-sIm-|m-W.v F¶mÂ, Cu Zzmcw Ft¸mÄ thW-sa-¦nepw ho|pw Xpd-¡p¶ ØnXn-X-s¶bmWv XpS-cp-¶X - .v C¯cw {]hÀ¯-\§ - Ä, "aÀ½w-Adnªv' hfsc kq£n¨v ssIImcyw sNbvXn-sÃ-¦n hgp-Xn-t¸mIp¶ Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. ]c-k] v cw ]gn-Nm-cm-sX, Ipä-s¸Sp-¯m-sX, sshIm-cn-I-ambn s]m«ns¯-dn-¡m-sX, "aäpÅ-h-cmWv ImcWw' F¶v Is|-¯m-sX, "R§Ä D¯c-hm-ZnXz-sa-Sp-¡nÃ' F¶v hmZn-¡msX Iq«p-¯-c-hm-Zn¯t¯msS H¶mbn {]hÀ¯n¡m³ Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-sa¶-\n-e-bn \ap¡p Ign-tb-|-Xp-|v.

CsXm-cm-{K-lN - n-´b - m-W.v bmsXmcp kwi-bhpw th|.

Imc-Ww, H¶m-aX - mbn \½psS PohþenwKþtKm{X-þPmXnþ aXþ`mjþcmjv{Sþcm-jv{SobmXn-cp-t_m[w \nÝ-b-ambpw Hcp {][m-\- hn-e-§p-X-Sn-bmIpw. c|m-a-Xmbn Ak-´pen-X-amb hnI-k-\-¯m FÃm-hcpw Htc {]X-e-¯n-eà Cu {]iv\-s¯- k-ao-]n-¡p-¶Xpw D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw -t]-dp314

]mcn-Øn-XnI kwc-£Ww

¶Xpw. D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hn-e-t]-i-ep-I-fpsS Xnc-¡n-\n-S-bn Imew IS-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶Xpw km²y-amb ]cn-l-mc-amÀ¤-§Ä hgp-Xn-t¸mIp-¶Xpw \mw ImWp-¶n-Ã. ]cn-Wm-a] - c - a - mbn t\m¡n-bm hfÀ¶p hnI-kn-¡p¶, F®-¯n s]cp-Ip¶ FXv Pohn-hÀ¤hpw Cu {]XnkÔn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. \mfn-Xp-hsc "N¯v a-®Sn-bpI' F¶ Hscmä ]cn-lm-c-amWv aäp Pohn-IÄ sNbvXp-h-¶n-«pÅ-Xv. a\p-jy-s\-¶ P - o-hn-hÀ¤-¯nsâ khn-ti-jX - b - mb "A\p-`h - § - fpsS apI-fn ]cn-Nn-´\ - w-'sN-¿m-\pÅ Ignhv Imcy-§sf ap³Iq«n I|v "km²y-amb `mhn-\nÀ½mWw' km²y-am¡psa¶-Xp- am-{X-amWv \ap¡v BsI {]Xo-£- \ÂIp¶ Ah-ew_w. ]cn-Nn-´-\-sa-¶m A\p-`-h-§sf Imcy-Im-c-W-\n_²ambn hni-I-e-\w -sN-¿m\pw `mhn-\nÀ½m-W¯nte¡v Hsc-¯n-t\m«w \S-¯m-\p-apÅ Ign hmWv; Cu ]cn-Nn-´\w sN¿m\pÅ Ignhv k-l-P-am-Wv. e£-¡W-¡n\p hÀjw-ap-¼v, \½psS ap³Km-an-I-fmb k¦oÀ®-kw-L-Pohn-I-fn DS-se-Sp¯ A\y-cpsS Dt±-i-adnbm-\pÅ a\-sʶv \mw hnfn-¡p¶ "ZÀ¸-W-kn-cm-tIm-i-kw-LmXw' a\p-jy-cn hf-sc-b[nIw hnI-kn¨p. CXn-\ptijw, GXm|v Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n\pw A³]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n\pw CS-bnepÅ hÀj-§-fn Hcp DÄ]-cnhÀ¯-\¯m a\p-jy-k-hn-ti-j-X-bmbn a\p-jy-Ip-e-¯n\v "]cnNn-´\w' sN¿m-\pÅ Ign-hv kw`-hn¨n«p-|v. A\y-cpsS D¶w Adnbm-\pÅ Ignhpw ]cn-Nn-´\w sN¿m-\pÅ Ignhpw `mj-sb¶ kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-am-bn- tNÀ¶-t¸mÄ Hcp- Ip-Xn-¨p-Nm-«w-Xs¶ a\p-jy-Ip-e-¯n-\p-|mbn. ap³]pÅ A²ym-b§ - f - n hnh-cn-¨n-«pÅ a\p-jy-Ip-ek - ¦ - oÀ® -X-IÄ¡pw hnIm-k-§Ä¡p-saÃmw ImcWw Cu aq¶p Ign-hp-IfpsS Iq«m-b{- ]-hÀ¯-\a - m-W.v CXmWv \mw arK-as - öpw khn-ti-jkr-jvSn-bm-sW¶pw sXän-²-cn-¡m³ ap³Im-e-Nn-´-Isc t{]cn-¸n-¨L-S-I§Ä. Cu sXän-²m-c-W-hgn \½psS bYmÀ°-]m-c-¼cyw ad ¶pt]mIm\pw aäp-Å -Po-hn-I-fp-am-bpÅ s]m¡nÄs¡m-Sn-_Ôw \ap¡p \jvSa - m-Im\pw CS-bm-¡nb hkvXpX \mw a\-Ên-em-¡n-¡gn-ª-tÃm. C¶v {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kz´w em_n-emWv \mw {]hÀ¯n¡p-¶-Xv. Izm|w ^nknIvkpw \mt\m sSIvt\m-f-Pnbpw P\n-X-Ihn-Úm-\h - p-saÃmw CXp-hsc \mw BÀÖn¨ Adnhp-If - nÂ\n¶pw `n¶-am-Wv. {]]-©-¯nsâ "DuSpw ]mhpw' \ap-s¡m-cn-¡epw a\-Ênem-¡m³ Ign-bn-sÃ-¦nepw Hcp PohnhÀ¤-sa-¶- \n-e-bn asäm-cpPo-hnbpw CXp-hs - cbpw F¯n-t¨À¶n-«n-Ãm¯ asämcp "Xe-'¯n-tem "am\-'¯ntem DÅ Adnhn F¯n-t¨À¶n-cn-¡p¶ Ime-¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. \mfn-Xp-hscbpÅ -I-|p-]n-Sn-¯-§ÄsIm-|p315

a\pjycdnbm³

|mb KpW-tZm-j§ - Ä Htc-t]mse \man-t¸mÄ A\p-`h - n-¨p-sIm-|ncn-¡p-Ib - m-Wv. ]g-bI - me PohnXco-Xn-Ifpw P\-kw-Jym-hÀ²-\bpw Xzcn-X-K-Xn-bn-epÅ ]p¯³I-|p-]n-Sn-¯-§fpw \½psS AXncpt_m-[hpw FÃmwIq-Sn-t¨À¶v a\p-jy-cmin Hcp kµn-Kv²m-h-Øbn-em-sW¶v \ap¡v ImWmw. Chn-sS-bm-Wv, ]mcnØn-Xn-I-amb Adnhv "Hcpa-'bpsS ]p¯³a-{´-ambn amdp-¶-Xv. ]mcnØn-Xn-I-amb BLm-X-§Ä¡v cmjv{Sm-XnÀ¯n-IÄ¡pÅn ]cn-lm-cw- Im-Wm³ Ign-bn-Ãm- F-¶- h-kvXpX a\p-jy-tbm-Pn ¸ - n\v \ntj-[m-ßI - c - o-Xn-bn KpW-Ic - a - mbn¯oÀ¶n-cn-¡p-Ib - m-Wv. `qansb Hcp GI-I-ambn I|v, AXm-bXv asämcp hmk-Kr-lhpw \ap¡v DS-\Sn Cà F¶ Xncn-¨-dn-hnÂ, a\p-jy-s\m-cp- Po-hn-hÀ¤ambn klI-cn-¡m³ ]mcnØn-XnIamb XIÀ¨ hgn-sbm-cp-¡p-¶ I - m-e¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶Xv. thZ-\I - e - À¶ kt´m-ja - m-Wn-Xp-f h - m-¡p-¶X - v. ssZh¯nsâ krjvSn-bmWv AsÃ-¦n Hcm-ßm-hnsâ _lnÀkv^p-c-W-amWv \mta-h-cp-sa¶p al-¯p-¡Ä HmXn-bn«pw \msam-¶m-Wv F¶ Xncn¨dnhv \ap¡v D|m-bn-«n-Ã. AXmWnhnsS C\n ]cn-lr-X-am-Im³- km²yX Xpd¶phcp¶-Xv. Cu ]cn-lmcw Hcp km²yX am{X-am-sW¶v \mw HmÀ¡Ww. AXv kzoI-cn-¡m-Xncp-¶m atä-sXmcp Pohn-sbt¸m-se-Xs¶bmWv \msa¶v, FÃm B{K-l-Nn-´-IÄ¡pw imTy-§Ä¡pw tijhpw \mw sXfn-bn-¡pI-Xs¶ sN¿pw....

316

C¶mWv Gähpw \Ã Imew

`qanbpw `qan-bnse k¼¯pw F¶pw ChnsS D|m-bn-cps¶-¦nepw AXp a\p-jysâ Pohn-X-¯nepw Ah\v A\p`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip¶ Xc-¯nepw þA-Xm-bXv "kz¯m-bn'þ amdn-bXv kmt¦-XnIhnZy-I-fpsS hfÀ¨bv¡ptij-amWv. kz¯n-s\-¸än \mw hni-Za - mbn ap¼p ]d-ªn-cp-¶p. F®¯n \mw hf-sc-b-[nIw s]cp-In-b-Xn\ptijhpw `qcn]£w a\p-jyÀ¡pw kzmØyhpw kt´m-jhpw \evIp¶ C{X-b-[nIw k¼-¶-X-bpÅ CXp-t]m-semcpImew a\pjy-Po-hn-hÀ¤-¯n-\p-|m-bn-«n-Ã. sNdp-kw-L§ - f - mb tKm{X-§-fn Bcw-`n¨ kwLÀj-§Ä \K-c-§-fp-sSbpw cmPy§-fp-sSbpw cmjv{S-§-fp-sSbpw hfÀ¨-bm bYmÀ°¯n Ipd-bp-I-bm-Wp-|m-bn-«p-Å-Xv; Hät\m«-¯n AX-§-s\-bà F¶p \ap¡p tXm¶p-sa-¦n-epw. sNdp kwL§-fnse t]mcp-IÄ Ipsd-sb-¦nepw sI«-S-§n-bXv cmPy-§-fpsS \nÀ½m-W-¯mem-sW¶v \mw I|p-h-tÃm. ]t£, B`y-´-c-amb kwLÀj-§Ä¡v Abhphcpt¼mgpw B kwLÀj-§Ä CXp-hsc \mw AXnÀ¯n-Ifn-te¡v amän {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-I-bmWv sNbvXph¶n-cp-¶Xv. C¶pw sNbvXp-sIm-|n-cn-¡p-¶Xpw AXpXs¶-bm-Wv. `qan, cmPym-XnÀ¯n-I-fm XoÀ¯pw hn`-Pn-¡-s¸«p Ign-ªp. Hcp Xp|p at®m, Hcp ImtSm, aªpaqSnb ae-Itfm, H¶pw-Xs¶ Bcp-tS-Xp-am-bn-«-ÃmsX F§pw C¶v Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶n-Ã. `qan-sb¶ bmYmÀ°y-¯nsâ ap¶n-emWv \mw, a\p-jy-cn-t¸mÄ. C´y-sb¶ cmPy-¯n-\I¯v kwØm-\§ - s - f¶ \ne-bn Ccp-]¯ - n-sb«v AXnÀ ¯n- I -f p- s |- ¦ nepw Ah X½n Hcp bp²- ¯ n- s \m -cp-§m-¯-Xp-t]mse, ]e cmPy-§-fpsS GIo-I-c-W-Ime¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. H¶mw temI-a-lm-bp-²hpw c|mw temIalm-bp-²hpw c|p Zi-I§ - f - psS hyXym-k¯n Bcw-`n¨v ]c-k] v cw t]mc-Sn¨pXIÀ¶p-t]mb `qhn k - vXrXn-bmWv C¶v bqtdm-]y³ bqWn-b³ F¶ \ne-bn Hscmä hnk-sIm|v bm{X sN¿m-hp¶Xc-¯n H¶n¨p 317

a\pjycdnbm³

\nev¡p-¶-Xv. bqtdm-]y³ bqWn-b³ F¶ kzX{´ D`-b-k-½-X-{]Im-c-apÅ cmPy-§-fpsS Iq«mbva CXn-\p-ap-s¼m-cn-¡epw a\p jyNcn-{X¯n km²y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Cu km²y-X-bmWv temI¯n\p ap¼n \ap¡v Znim-t_m[w \ÂIp¶ coXn-bn Xpd¶p InS-¡p-¶-Xv. Hcp `c-W-IqSw AXnsâ kz´w P\-X-tbmSv A[n-Imckzc¯n am{Xw kwkm-cn-¡p-Ibpw s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sNbvXm AXv sXäm-sW¶p ]d-bp¶ thZn-IÄ temI-sa-¼mSpw D|m-bn-¡g - n-ªn«p-|v. a\p-jyÀ H¶m-sW¶pw hyàn-I-sf¶\ne-bn AhÀ¡v Ah-Im-i-§-fp-s|¶papÅ Adn-hnÂ\n-¶p-S-se-Sp¯ ]cnI-e] v -\bmWv "a\p-jym-hI - miw' F¶-X.v C¯cw Hcp a\p-jym-hI - miw CXn\p aps¼m-cn-¡epw a\p-jyÀ¡v k¦-e] v n-¡mt\m Hcp bmYmÀ°ysa¶\ne-bn Xncn¨-dnbmt\m AXn-\p-th|n {]hÀ¯n-¡mt\m Ign-ªn-cp-¶n-Ã. C¶v a\p-jym-h-Im-i-§Ä¡p-th|n hmZn-¡p-¶hÀ temI-sa-¼m-Sp-ap-|v. temI-tIm-S-Xnbpw temI-_m¦pw A´mcmjv { Shym]mcIcm- d p- I fpw sFIy- c mjv { SkwL- S - \ bpw FÃmw AXnÀ¯n-IÄ¡p-Ån Xf-ªp-t]mb a\pjyIpe-¯n\v kzbw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ, H¶n¨p IqSp-¶-Xn-\pÅ, thZn-I-fmbn amdns¡m- | n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ Xv \ap¡pImWmw. Cu amä- § sf \½psS {]tZ-it- _m-[w-sIm|pw {]Xy-bi - m-k{v X-hn-iZ- o-Ic - W - § - ÄsIm|pw km{am-Py-XzKq-Vm-tem-N-\-I-fmbn am{Xw ImW-cp-Xv. Hä-bvs¡mcp hnP-bhpw C\n-sbmcp cmPy-¯n\pw D|m-In-Ã. kzm{i-bXzw F¶Xv Hcp -an-Yym-[m-c-Wbpw t_m[-hp-am-Wv. Hcp cmPy-¯n\pw asämcp cmPys¯ C\n `cn¡m-\p-am-In-Ã. bp²-¯n tXmev]n-¡p-hm³ Ign-bp-sa-¦nepw `cn-¡-W-sa-¦n AXmXp cmPy-§-fnse P\-§fpsS kl-Ic - Ww Bh-iy-am-W.v AsXm-cn-¡e - p-an\n D|m-Ip¶ {]iv \-ta-bn-Ã. Imc-Ww, ]c-k] v c _lp-am-\-¯n-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb ka-Xzs¯-¸än [mc-W-bpÅ ]uc-t_m-[-apÅ hyàn-Ifpw P\-X-Ifpw temI¯v an¡-cm-Py-§-fnepw cq]-s¸«p Ign-ªp. ]gb Iog-S-¡ep-Itfm Iog-S§ - e - p-Itfm C\n km²y-aà - ; kz`m-h§ - fpw ioe-§fpw A§-s\-sbms¡ sN¿m³ \s½ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-sa-¦n-epw. temI-sa-¼mSpw ]nSn-¨-S-¡-s¸« cmPy-§Ä¡p-Ån s]m«p¶ t_mw_p-IÄ Cu Iog-S-¡-ep-IÄ C\n \S-¡nà F¶ Adn-bn-¸p-Ifm-Wv. Ah Ipsd-\mÄIqSn \ofp-sa¶v \mw Icp-X-Ww. AXp-Xs¶ hfsc Ak-´p-en-Xamb a\p-jy-hn-ImkNcn-{X-¯nsâ ]cn-WnX ^e-§-fm-sW¶pw \mw Xncn-¨-dn-b-Ww. Hcp hi¯v hym]m-c-§fneqsSbpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fpsS ssIam-ä-¯n-eq-sSbpw km¼¯n-Ia - mb hn\n-ab - § - f - n-eq-sSbpw Adnbm\pw Adn-bn-¡m\p-apÅ bm{X-I-fn-eqsSbpw hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-§fn-eq-sSbpw cmPym-XnÀ¯n318

C¶mWv Gähpw \Ã Imew

IÄ¡p-Ån am{Xw ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-Sm-\m-hm¯ ]mcnØn-XnI {]iv\-§-fpsS ]cn-lmcw tXSn-bpÅ Iq«m-bva-I-fn-eq-sSbpw CâÀ s\äv F¶ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-hnh-c-{]-hmlirw-JebneqsSbpw \mw Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-am-sW-¶pÅ P\n-XIbdn-hnsâ klm-b-¯n-eqsSbpw IgnªIme¯v A\y-cm-bn-t¸mb \½Ä H¶n-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. B km²y-Xb - mWv bqtdm-]y³ bqWn-b³ \ap¡p \ÂIp-¶X - .v "Fsâ `mcysb XÃn-bm \n§Äs¡-´mWv' F¶p tNmZn-¨ncp¶ `À¯m-¡-•mcpw "Fs¶ Fsâ `À¯m-h-Sn-¨m \n§Äs¡´mWv' F¶p tNmZn-¨n-cp¶ `mcy-am-cp-apÅ tKm{X-hÀ¤kwkvIm-c -§-fpsS aqey-§Ä DÄt¨À¶ hoSp-I-fpsS F®w Ipdªp hcn-Ibm-sW¶pw \mw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. C¶v KmÀln-I-]oU\-¯n-s\Xncmb \nb-a-§Ä Hmtcmtcm cmPy-§-fnepw D|mbn h¶p-sIm-|ncn-¡p¶ Imcyhpw \mw hnkvac - n-¨p-Iq-Sm. Ip«n-IÄ AÑ-\½ - a - m-cpsS am{Xw kz¯m-bn-cp¶ CS-¯nÂ\n¶v kaq-l¯ - n-sâbpw cmPy-¯nsâbpw C¶p temI-¯n-tâ-Xp-ambn amdn-s¡m|ncn-¡p¶ Ime¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Pohn-¡m³ "Hcp ssIIqSn klm-b¯n\v' F¶ AÀ°-¯n Ip«n-Isf krjvSn-¨n-cp¶ Imeambn-cp¶p ap¼p-|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. AXn-t\m-SpÅ \½psS FXnÀ¸m-Wv _me-the-sb-¸än C¶pÅ \½psS AaÀj-§Ä¡-Sn-Øm\w. t_mw_n-Sp-t¼mgpw shSn-hb - ¡ v p-t¼mgpw kz´w `c-WI - q-S§ - Ä¡pw A\y-`c - W - I - q-S§ - Ä¡pw AhÀ F´p-sIm-|v A§s\ sN¿p-¶psh¶v "\ymbw' ]d-tb| Ime-¯mWv \mw C¶p Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. ssIbq¡pw X¶njvShpwam{Xw \nb-a-am-bn-cp¶ ]g-b-Im-e-¯p\n¶pw Xpey-X-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb \ymbhpw \oXnbpw ]d-tb| `cWm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS Ime-¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. D|m--¡nb t_mw_p-IÄ Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn-s\-¸-änbpw CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-¸-änbp-apÅ NÀ¨-IÄ Hc³]Xp hÀjw ap¼p-hsc a\p-jyÀ¡v- Akm²y-ambn-cp-¶p. bp²w sN¿p-t¼mÄ km[m-cWP\-§Ä¡v A]ISw hcm-Xn-cn-¡m³ {i²n-¨mWv \mw C¶v shSnhbv¡p-Ibpw t_mw_n-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xv. ka-c-¡mÀs¡-Xnsc t]meokv \S-]Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ "\njvIf¦cmb' \m«p-ImÀ¡pw hgn-t]m-¡À ¡pw A]-I-Sw-h-cmsX t\m¡m\pw A]-ISw h¶m th|-co-Xnbn \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \ÂIm\pw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ \nÀº-Ôn-¡s¸-Sp¶ Ime-¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Adp-]XphÀjwap¼v kt¦m-N-an-ÃmsX lntcm-jn-a-bp-sSbpw \mK-km-¡n-bpsSbpw apIfn Bäw-t_mw-_n« Ncn-{X-amWv \ap-¡p-Å-Xv. AXm-bXv, ap³ s]m-cn-¡epw a\p-jyÀ¡v Nn´n-¡m³ Ign-bm¯Xc-¯n \oXnsb-¸-änbpw \ymb-s¯-¸-änbpw ka-Xz-s¯-¸-änbpw \man¶v t_m[ apÅ-h-cm-bn-¡-gn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p F¶v.

319

a\pjycdnbm³

temI¯v A{Iaw s]cp-Ip-I-b-Ã, adn¨v AZr-iy-am-bn-cp-¶Xpw icn-sb¶p tXm¶n-¨n-cp-¶X - p-amb A{I-a§ - s - fÃmw \mw ka-Xzhpw -\o-Xn-bp-sa¶ ]p¯³ Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fm Af¶v Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Iam-{X-am-Wv. t]meokvtÌj-\p-I-fn ]cm-Xn-IÄ Ip¶pIqSp-¶Xv A{Iaw hÀ²n-¡p-¶XpsIm-|Ã, a-dn¨v \mw ap³]v Pohn-¨n-cp¶ Pohn-X-co-Xn-I-fnse AZr-iy-ambn \n¶n-cp¶ A{I-a-§Ä Xncn-¨-dnbp-¶-Xp-sIm-|m-Wv. ""Fsâ `À¯mhv C\n-sbs¶ ASn-¡p-¶Xv Rm³ k½-Xn-¡nÃ'' F¶ t_m[-amWv ]cm-Xn-If - psS hÀ²-\b - psS {][m\ Imc-Ww. C§s\ ]d-bp-t¼mÄ "sh¨Sn-sh-¨Sn' AsÃ-¦n "ASn-sh-¨-Snh¨v' \mw apt¶-dp-I-bm-sW¶ anYym-t_m[w \ap-¡p-|m-bn-¡q-Sm. Imc-Ww, a\pjyNcn-{Xw apt¶m«pw ]nt¶m«pw bm{X sNbvXp-Xs - ¶bmWv C¶s¯ coXn-bn-em-b-Xv. {]mtZ-in-I-amb ]nt¶m-«SnIÄ [mcmfw C\n-bp-ap-|m-Ipw. t_mkv\n-b, tkmam-en-b, ss\Po-cn-b, äntamÀ, It¼mUnb, {ioe-¦, KpP-dm-¯v, en_nb Ah-km-\-ambn e|³ Iem]whsc BhÀ¯n-¡p-sa¶pw \mw Adn-bpI. AsXÃmw AXXp {]tZ-i-§-fn \mw sNdp-¡p-I-Xs¶ thWw. ]t£, a\pjy-Pohn CXp-hsc I|n-«n-Ãm¯ \oXn-t_m-[a - pÅ Hcp Ime-¯mWv C¶v \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-sX¶ Imcyhpw hnkva-cn-¨p-Iq-Sm. Cu \oXnt_m[w k©n-X-ambn BÀÖn¨ AdnhmWv AÃmsX B´-cn-Iamb ]cn-hÀ¯-\-a-Ã, AXv \mw ad-¡-cp-Xv. \qdp-hÀjw ap¼p-hsc a\p-jy-cpsS icm-icn BbpÊv ap¸-¯nb©p hÀj-¯n\p Xmsg-bm-bn-cp-¶p. AXn¶v Gähpw ]n¶-Wnbn \nev¡p¶ cmPy-¯nÂt]mepw \mev]Xp hÀj-¯n\p apI-fnem-Wv. temI-i-cm-icn Adp-]-s¯m-¼Xm-Wv, hn-I-kn-X-cm-Py-§-fn -em-Is« F¬]Xn\p apI-fnepw. ac-W-\n-c-s¡-Sp-¯mtem P\-\-\nc-s¡-Sp-¯mtem kmaq-ly-\o-Xn-bpsS GX-f-hp-tIm-se-Sp¯p ]cntim-[n-¨mepw C{Xbpw Hcp \ÃIme¯v a\p-jyÀ CXp-hsc Pohn¨n-cp-¶n-«nà F¶p \ap¡p ImWmw. `qX-Ime\•-bpsS Krlm X - p-cX - z-w \ndªI-YI - Ä ]dªv kabw ]mgm-¡n kmt¦-XnIhnZy -I-fpsS hfÀ¨-bv¡v hnLmXw \n¡p¶ Xc-¯n Bi-b-{]-N-cWhpw hnizm-k-]-cn-c-£bpw \mw sN¿-cp-Xv. CXp-hsc a\p-jyÀ apdpsI]nSn-¨n-cp¶ hnizm-k-§fpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§fpw Pohsâ AXnÀ¯n t_m[-¯mepw {]mtZ-inI at\m-`m-h-¯mepw DXv]m-Zn¸n- ¡ - s ¸- « h am{X- a m- s W¶pw \mw a\- Ê n- e m- ¡ n- ¡ - g n- ª - t Ãm.

C¶s¯ Cu ]pXnb Ad-nhnsâ shfn-¨-¯n thWw \man\n temIs¯ ImtW-|Xpw ]c-k] v cw hn[n-sb-gp-tX-|Xpw H¶n¨p Pohn-t¡-|-Xpw. "C¶m'Wv a\p-jyÀ CXp-hsc Pohn-¨-XnÂsh-t¨ähpw \à Imew.

320

C¶mWv Gähpw \Ã Imew

321

a\pjycdnbm³

Hcp Pohn-sb-¶-\n-e-bn \mw "]ptcm-K-an-¡pI'bÃ, \mw a\pjy-s\¶ Pohn-bmbn XpS-cp-I-X-s¶-bm-Wv. ]t£, A\pioe\¯neqsS \mw apt¶m«p sIm|p-h¶ \oXn-t_m[w \jvS-s¸-«p-t]m-ImsXbpw AXv \ne-\nÀ¯m³ km²y-amb Øm]-\-§Ä þ sFIy -cm-jv{S-k-`, Kh¬saâp-IÄ, \oXn-\ym-b-t¡m-S-Xn-IÄ, t]meokv tÌj-\p-IÄ, Ch-bp-sS-sbÃmw A\p-_-Ô-Øm-]-\-§Ä þ F¶nh-sbÃmw \mw _e-s¸-Sp¯n \nÀ¯-Ww. L«w-L-«-ambn, AWzmbp-[§ - Ä \mw Ipd-bv¡p-¶X - p-t]m-se, Ipd-¨p-sIm-|p-hc - m³ {iant¡| Hcp Øm]-\-amWv AXnÀ¯n-IÄ Im¡p¶ ssk\yw. cmPy§-fpsS AXn-cp-IÄ C\n _e-s¸-Sp-¯n¡qSm. AXn\v NÀ¨IÄ, kÔn-kw-`m-j-W-§Ä, kwhm-Z-§Ä F¶nh D]-tbm-Kn¨v \nc-´cw {ian-¨p-sIm-t|bn-cn-¡W - w. bqtdm-]y³ bqWn-b³ sNbvXXp-t]mse, `c-W-]-c-ambn Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-sa-¶-\n-e-bn \mw H¶n ¡pI-bmWv C\n th|-Xv. Hcp e£yw Pohn-X¯ - n-\m-hiy-aps|¶v \nÀº-Ô-am-sW-¦nÂ, CXm-bn-cn-¡Ww a\p-jyPohn-X-e-£yw. a\pjy-cpsS Hcp-aX-s¶-bmWv FÃm aX-§fpw ZÀi-\-§fpw {]Xy-bimkv{X-§fpw B{K-ln-¨s - X-¶d - n-bp-t¼mgpw A¯cw shdp-sam-cm{K-l-Nn-´-b-Ãn-Xv. km²y-am-b, \ne-hn \S¸n-epÅ DZm-l-c-W-§fn-e-Sn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n, cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb Hcp -tem-I-ho-£-W-amWv CXv.

322

Aaq-ey-amb Poh³

\nc-´cw hnI-kn-¡pIbpw amdns¡m-|ncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Cu {]]-©¯ - nsâ GtXm Hcp tImWn kz´w tI{µ- ¯ n\pNpäpw \ndp- ¯ msX Xncn- b p¶ \½psS \£{Xkaq-l¯ - n AXnsâ Hmc-¯p-Å Hcp ssIbn hkn-¡p¶ kqcy-\p-Npäpw Ignª \m\q-ä-¼Xp tImSn hÀj-ambn D|mbn XncnªpsIm|n-cn-¡p¶ \½psS `qan-bn-emWv \ap-¡d - n-bp-¶- "Po-hs - \'¶ {]Xn-`m-ka - p-ÅX - v. `qan-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-Kr-l-§-fn H¶pw-Xs¶ CXp-hsc \ap¡v Poh-\pt|m CÃtbm F¶v Is|-¯m³ Ign-ªn«n-Ã. AhnsS Bsc-¦nepw Ds|-¦nÂXs¶ \s½ At\zjn¨v CXp-hsc F¯n-bn-«p-an-Ã. AXn-\m AXn-cp-Im-Wm¯ Cu {]]-©-¯n \mw Poh-\p-Å-hÀ Hä-bv¡m-sW¶ kXyw, ]c-k] v cw t]mc-Sn-¡p-t¼mgpw shdp-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n -¡p-t¼mgpw CÃm-bva-I-sf-¸än thh-em-Xn-s¸-Sp-t¼mgpw H¶pw icn-bm-hp-¶n-Ã, CsX-s´mcp PohnXw F¶p tIgpIbpw thZ-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mgpw, \mw ad-¡msX HmÀ¡Ww. B HmÀ½-bn Ah-ew-_-ambn Dcp-hn-tS| GIa{´-amWv \½psS Cu Poh³ Aaq-ey-am-sW-¶-Xv. AXn-\m Pohn-Xs¯ shdp-¡p¶ Nn´tbm hmt¡m \½psS DÅnÂ\n¶v Hcn-¡epw C\n ]pd¯phc-cp-Xv. hmbp F¶ Hcp \\p¯ ]mS-sIm|v s]mXnª Cu `qan-bn FÃm {]Xn-Iqe kml-Nc - y-§t- fmSpw Hcp \nan-jw ad-¡msX, {i²-tbmsS ]S-s]m-cpXn\n¶mWv Poh³ \ne-\n¶p t]mIp-¶X - .v \ap-¡d - n-bp¶ {]]-©¯ - n `qan¡p ]pd¯v Hcp \nanjw Pohn-¡m³ Ign-bm-¯{X ZpxÊ-lamb kml-N-cy-amWv Poh-\p-Å-Xv. AXn-\mÂ, Imä-¯p-ebp¶ Hcp Zo]s¯ ssIIÄsIm|v kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xpt]mse, hÀ®cmPn-IÄ \ndª Hcp Ipan-f- s]m«msX t\m¡p¶Xpt]mse, {]`m-X-kq-cysâ Inc-W-¯m \nÀ ½-e-ambn Xnf-§p¶ Hcp aªp-XpÅn hoWp-t]m-ImsX \mw t\m¡p¶Xpt]mse {i²-tbmsS t\mt¡| H¶mWv hfsc emL-h-t¯msS \mw ]d-bmdpÅ Cu Poh³.

323

a\pjycdnbm³

P\n¨ A¶p apX Pohn-¡m-\mbn sshhn-[y-]qÀ®-amb, F®n-bm HSp-§m¯, Pohn-X-co-Xn-IÄ kzoI-cn¨v `qan-bm-k-Iew Ic-sbt¶m shÅ-sat¶m hmbp-sht¶m hyXym-k-an-ÃmsX, cm{Xnsbt¶m ]I-set¶m hyXym-k-an-ÃmsX, Pohn-¡p-I-sb¶ Hscmä e£y-t¯msS Pohn-¡p¶ Pohsâ `mK-amWv \mw F¶pw a\-Ên-em -¡-Ww. Fs´-¦nepw Aaq-eytam ]hn-{Xtam Bb H¶v Cu {]] -©-¯n-ep-s|-¦n AXv Cu Poh³ am{X-am-Wv. A{X-I|v kvt\ ln-¡Ww \mw Cu Poh-s\. Cu {]]-©s¯ Adn-bm³, AXpw A{X-I|v sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ coXn-bn Adn-bm³, Poh-\-ÃmsX asäm-cp-]m-bhpw Cu {]]©w I|p-]n-Sn-¨n-«n-Ã. AXv kzbaps|¶-dn-bp-hm³ asämcp hgnbpw AXn-\n-Ã. Cu Poh³ am{X-amWv {]]-©-¯n\v AÀ°w \evIp-¶-Xv. AXn\m Poh\v asämcp AÀ°hpw Bh-iy-an-Ã. AXn\v Hcp e£yhpw Bh-iy-an-Ã. AXnsâ \ne-\n-e] v p-sIm-|p-Xs¶ AXp k¼qÀ®-am-Wv. Adntªm Adn-bm-sXtbm \ap-¡v ap¼p-|m-bn-cp¶ FÃm X¯z-Nn-´I - cpw Cu Pohn-Xs¯ kvt\ln-¡m-\à \s½ ]Tn-¸n-¨X - ,v adn¨v AXnÂ\n¶v tamN\w t\Sp-¶-Xn\pth|n-bm-Wv. tam£w. ]c-am-\µw, ssIheyw, kzÀ¤w, ]dp-Zok Ch-sbÃmw Cu Pohn-X¯nÂ\n¶v c£-s¸-Sm-\mbn Is|-¯nb CS-§-fm-Wv. Pohn-X¯nsâ Aaq-ey-Xsb AhÀ¡v Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ign-bm-sX-t]m-bXv, aps¼m-cn-¡epw C¶p \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p¶ coXn-bn Pohn-Xs¯-tbm temIs-¯tbm Adn-bm³ a\p-jyÀ¡p Ign-ªn-cp-¶nà F¶ Imc- W - ¯ m- e m- W v . AXp- t ]mse Zmcn- { Zy- s a¶ alm- a m- c nsIm|pw. AXn-\mÂ, Ah-tcmSp \ap¡v s]mdp-¡mw. AdnbmsX sNbvX sXän-\v am¸p sImSp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿mw. ]t£, C\n \mw shdp-¸nsâ X¯z-im-k{v X-§Ä Dcp-hn«p ]Tn-¡c - p-X.v A\ysc kvt\ ln-¡m³th-|n- \nÀ½n¨ ZÀi-\-§-sfÃmwXs¶ BXy-´n-I-ambn Pohn-Xs¯ shdp-¡m³, AXnÂ\n¶pw c£t\-Sm-\pÅ D]m-bt- amXp¶ KqV-]² - X - n-Ifmbn Adn-bmsX amdn-t¸m-hp-Ib - m-Wp-|m-bX - .v `uXn-I-hm-Z-sa¶ t]cn cq]-s¸« {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§-fm-Is« ho|pw temIs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡msX, Asæn sXämbn a\-Ênem¡n, AXns\ "amäm'\mWv BZyw-Xs¶ {ian-¨-Xv. \nc-´cw amä¯n\p hnt[-b-am-bn-s¡m-|n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp {]]-©s¯bmWv C§s\ amäm³ {ian-¨-Xv. B{K-l-Nn-´-I-fpsS IqSm-c-ambn amdnb Ah cà-]-¦n-e-amb ]mX-IÄ sh«n-¯p-d¶v "apt¶-dm³' Xp\nªp. ]I-bp-sSbpw ]I-t]m-¡-ep-I-fp-sSbpw kn²m-´-§-fmbn Ah amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]c-k] v cw C\n Hcn-¡epw H¶n-¡m³ Akm-²y-am-¡p¶ coXn-bn hntZz-j-¯nsâ hn¯p-IÄ AXv ]mIn-bn«p|v. kzm`m-hn-I-amb AXn-cp-t_m-[-¯m H¶n-¡m³ 324

Aaq-ey-amb Poh³

hn½n-«-s¸-«n-cp-¶-hÀ¡v, F´p-sIm|v ]änà F¶v Is|-¯m³ \Ã, \à \ymb- § Ä hnX- c Ww sN¿p¶ C³Ìâ v shâ nMv sajo³kmbn Ah \nc-´cw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p|v. F¶n-cp-¶mepw Dt±i ip²n¡v am¸p-sIm-Sp-t¡-|-Xm-bn-«p-|v, am¸p-sIm-Sp-¡pI-b-ÃmsX asäm-cp-t]mw-h-gnbpw \½psS ap¶n-en-Ã. ImcWw \mw Xs¶-bmWv AhÀ, aämcpw Chn-Sn-Ã. \mw Hscmä Poh\m-sW¶pw AXnsâ imtJm-]-im-J-IÄam-{XamWv Cu ssh-hn[y-amÀ¶ Poh-Pm-e-§-sf¶pw \mw Adnªp Ign-ª-tÃm. Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤ambn Bcw-`n¨v \mep-]mSpw NnX-dnt¸mb \mw a\p-jyÀ C¶v ]c-k] v -cw I|v Xncn-¨-dn-bp¶ Ime¯mWv Pohn- ¡ p- ¶ Xv . Idp- ¯ - h - s c¶pw shfp- ¯ - h - s c¶pw aªbpw Nph¸pw Xhn«pw Hs¡ \nd-ap-Åh - s - c¶pw s]m¡w IqSnb-h-sc¶pw Ipd-ª-h-sc¶pw kpµ-c-sc¶pw hncq]sc¶pw C¶m«p-Im-sc¶pw A¶m-«p-Im-sc¶pw kzPm-Xn-¡m-sc¶pw A\y-Pm-Xn¡m-sc¶pw kwkvIm-c-ap-Å-h-sc¶pw A]-cn-jvIr-X-sc¶psams¡ hnfn¨v ]c-k] v cw shdp-¡m\pw AI-äm\pw AI-em\pw \½psS AXn-cp-t_m-[wsIm-|p-|mb B´-cnItNmZ-\-bmÂ, \ap¡dnbmsX tXm¶p-t¼mgpw Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-amWv F¶Imcyw C\n \mw ad-¡-cp-Xv. `qanbn-ep-|mbn, Ignª c|p-e£w hÀj-§-fmbn, Adn-bs¸-Sp¶ FÃm `qJ-WvU-§-fnepw F¯n-t¨À¶ a\p-jyÀ, C¶v Fgp-\qdp tImSnbmbn F¶-dn-tb-|-Xp-|v. Hcp \qdphÀjw ap¼phsc \mw Ccp-\qdp tImSn¡p Xmsg-bm-Wp|m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. ]Xn-\mbncw hÀjw ap¼p-hsc e£-§-fpw. Irjn-sb¶ alm-hnZy I|p]n-Sn¨v \mw apt¶-dnb IY ap³]p-Xs¶ I|-tÃm. kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-ZyI-fpsS klm-bt- ¯msS Hcp PohnhÀ¤sa¶ \ne-bn hnPb§fn \n¶v hnP-b-§-fn-te¡p IpXn¨p]mbp-I-bmWp \mw. ]g-b- cay-Ime§sf-¸än ]mSp¶ Krlm-Xp-cXzw a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-X-s¯ a\Ên-em-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ H¶-Ã. F®w-sImt|m Btcm-KywsImt|m kpJ-ku-Ic - y-§ÄsImt|m Adn-hp-IÄsImt|m C¶p \mw Pohn-¡p-¶X - p-t]m-semcpImew CXn-\p-ap-s¼m-cn-¡epw a\p-jyIp-e¯ - n-\p-|m-bn-«nÃ. FÃm hyXy-kvXI - f - p-apÅ-t¸mgpw \mw FÃmw a\p-jy-cmWv F¶ kp\n-Ýn-X-amb Adnhv ]cn-Wm-a-imkv{X-amWv \ap¡v X¶-Xv. Hcp ssZh-¯nsâ a¡-sft¶m Hcp tKm{X¯nse Aw-K-§-sft¶m \mw hyXy-kvXcpw khn-tij-cp-sat¶m Hcp cmPy¯nse {]P-Is - ft¶m Hcp cmjv{S¯nse ]uc-sct¶m Hs¡ kzbw ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp-¯msX, Hscmä Pohn-hÀKw BsW¶ kp\n-ÝnX Adn-hmWv P\n-XI GI-I§fn Hfn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. AXn¶v thZ-]pkvXIwt]mse \mw Bcm-Wv, Fhn-sS-\n-¶p-h¶p Fs¶-Ãm-apÅ H«p-ap-¡mepw kwi-b-c-ln-X-amb Adnhv \ap¡p \evIp-¶p-|v.

325

a\pjycdnbm³

C¯-c-samcp kp\n-Ýn-XXzw a\p-jy-Ip-e-¯n\v CXn-\p-ap¼v Hcn-¡epw D|m-bn-«n-Ã. Cu Adn-hnsâ kpXm-cyXsIm|,v kphyàX-sIm|v \½psS B´-cnItNmZ-\-bmb AXn-cp-t_m-[s¯ abs¸-Sp-¯p-hm³ \ap¡p Ign-bpw, AXp XpS-¨p-\o-¡m-\m-In-sÃ-¦n-epw.

Cu ab-s¸-Sp-¯-ensâ {]X-e-¯n \n¶pthWw hyXy-kvX-X-IfpsS, sshhn[y-§-fpsS, AXn-cp-I-fpsS, Adn-hn-Ãm-bva-I-fpsS, A]-cn-Nn-X-Xz-§-fpsS FÃm `b-§-sfbpw hen¨pIod-ep-I-sfbpw \mw ssIImcyw sNt¿-|-Xv. C¯cw Hcp `mKyw Hcp Pohn-hÀKw F¶ \ne-bn CXn-\p-ap-s¼m-cn-¡epw \ap-¡p-|m-bn-«n-Ã. Pohs\ Im¯p kq£n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse a\p-jyÀ Hcp Pohn-hÀK-am-sW¶ Adnhv \mw ad-¡msX, ad-ªp-t]m-ImsX kq£n¡-Ww. \mw {]]-©w-X-s¶-bmWv, am{X-hp-aà AXnsâ kq£vaX-{´§fpw hnZy-Ifpw kzmb-¯a - m-¡nb Hcp Pohn-hÀ¤-hp-am-Wv. A¡mc-W¯ - m a\p-jy-\n¶v `mcn¨ D¯-ch - m-Zn-Xz-apÅ Hcp Pohn-bm-Wv. {]]-©¯ - nsâ kz´w ]co-£W - i - m-eI - f - n CS-s]«v Npäp-]m-Sp-IÄ X\n-¡-\p-Iq-e-am-¡p-¶, CW-¡p-¶, hnZy-IÄ kzmb-¯-am-¡p¶ Pohn-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. C\n-bpÅ Hmtcm NphSpw \mw IqSp-X {i²m]qÀÆw \nÀÆln-t¡-|X - p-|.v ap¶q-än-sb¬]Xntesd tImSn-hÀj ¡mew Pohn¨v Gähpw hnP-bn¨ kq£-va-Po-hn-I-fnepw D]-cn-bmbn t\Snb Hc-dn-hmWv P\n-X-I-ta-J-e-I-fn-epÅ \½psS Adn-hv. tImSn¡- W - ¡ n\pw e£- ¡ - W - ¡ n\pw hÀj- § ÄsIm|v sIm|pw sImSp¯pw hm§nbpw kmh-[m\w cq]-s¸« Pohsâ sshhn-[y§-fn-te-¡pÅ ]SÀ¶pIb-ä-§-fpsS kncm-R-c-¼p-I-fn-emWv \man -¶n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, AXm-bXv Poh-sâ-Xs¶ kz´w tI{µ-¯n-\p-ÅnÂ.

AXn-\m ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ FÃm B´-cnI tNmZ-\-I-sfbpw ISn-ªm-Wq-cn-hn-Sp¶ coXn-bn-ep-Å hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-§sfbpw \mw ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡-cp-Xv. {]Xn-Zzµz-§-fmb Hcp-a-bp-sSbpw sshhn-[y¯n-sâ-Xp-amb iàn-Isf a\-Ên-em¡n Hcp \q¸m-e-¯n-eqsS \S-¡p¶ {i²-tbmsS thWw C\n \mw Pohn-¡m³. Cu D¯-c-hmZn-Xz-amWv ]mcnØn-Xn-I-Úm-\-ambn \½p-sS-bp-Ån Ah-X-cn-¨n«p-Å-Xv. AXns\ FÃm _lp-am-\-t¯m-sSbpw Xo{h-amb Pm{KXtbm-sSbpw ssIbmfn Pohn-t¡| Ime-amWv C\n ap¶n-ep-Å-Xv. AXv \ap¡v \nÀÆ-ln-¡m-\mIpw F¶ {]Xo-£-tbmsS........ a\p-jyc-dn-bm³..........

326

kam]vXn

Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ XpS-¡-¯nÂXs¶ CXnse Hmtcm A²ym-bhpw Hcp ssINq-|n-¸e - I - b - m-sW¶v kqNn-¸n-¨Xv kXy-am-sW¶v \n§Ä¡n-t¸mÄ t_m²y-am-bn-«p-|m-hpsa¶v Rm³ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶p. ]t£, kXyw ]d-ªmÂ, IqSp-X a\-Ên-em-¡m³ \ap¡v hf-sc-sb-fp-¸-am-Wv. kv I qfnepw tImtf- P p- I - f nepw imkv { X- ¢ m- Ê p- I - f n ]Tn-¸n-¨Xv Ht¶mÀs¯-Sp-¯m Imcy-§-sf-fp-¸-am-bn. kvIqfn ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv ]co-£bv¡v amÀ¡p t\Sm³ am{X-am-sW¶ \½psS hnNm-cw-sIm-|mWv PohnXw a\Ên-em-¡m³ \ap¡v Ign-bmsX t]mIp-¶X - v. ]Tn-¡p-¶X - pXs¶ tPmen-In-«m³th-|n-am-{X-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\m tPmenIn-«n-¡-gn-ªm ]Tn-¨-sXÃmw ad-¡p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv.

Pohn-¡m-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶XmIs« ho«nÂ\n¶pw e`n-¡p¶ A½q½-¡-Y-I-fpw \m«nÂ\n¶pw e`n-¡p¶ ]I-bpsS IY-Ifpw. AXn-\m kvIqfn ]Tn-¸n-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä {i²-tbmsS ]Tn-¨m Pohn-X-s¯-¸än Bg¯n-e-dn-bm³ klm-b-I-c-am-Ipw. Pohn-X-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ imkv{Xo-b-Úm\w CâÀs\-än hn¡o-¸o-Un-b, kb³ kvsU-bnen, FUvPv XpS-§n \qdp-I-W-¡n\v sskäp-I fn ]W-s¨-eh - n-ÃmsX e`y-am-W.v B kuI-cy-§Ä \½Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡-W-sa¶v A`yÀ°n-¡p-¶p. Cu ]pkvXIw \n§-fpsS Adn-bm-\pÅ Xm¸cyw DWÀ¯n-bn-«p-s|¦n Fsâ {iaw kmÀ°-I-am-bn. ]gp-X-S-s¨-gp-X-s¸« Hcp- ]p-kvX-I-a-Ã-mbn-Xv. [mcmfw hnS-hp-IÄ Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¨n-«p-|.v hmb-\¡ - m-cp-ambn kwhZn-¡m³ Cu coXn klm-bI - c - a - m-Ip-sa¶ [mc-Wb - m-em-Wn§s\ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ kw]qÀ ®cN\ (A-§-s\sbms¶¶p-s|-¦nÂ.... ) CXnsâ hmb-\¡ - mÀ IqSnt¨À¶v \nÀÆ-ln-t¡-|X - m-sW¶v Rm³ Icp-Xp-¶p. Adn-hmcpw Hä-bv¡p¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã. Cu ]pkvXI - s - ¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ A`n-{]m-b§ - fpw kwi-b§ - fpw Fgp-Xn-bd - n-bn-¡m-\mbn At]-£n-¡p-¶p. kz´-ambn Hcp 327

a\pjycdnbm³

X]m hnem-ka - n-Ãm-¯X - n-\m CXnsâ {]km-[I - sc Adn-bn-¨m aXn-bm-Ipw. AsÃ-¦n Cuþsa-bn-embn BZyw sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ A{U-Ên-e-dn-bn-¡p-I. A§s\ sNbvXm Cu ]pkvXIw Ht¶m ct|m hÀjw Ignªv \n§-fp-sS-sbÃmw A`n-{]mbw tI«v \ho-Icn-s¨-gp-Xm³ klm-b-I-c-am-Ipw. Poh-t\m-sS-bp-s|-¦n Cu hmKv Zm\w \nd-th-ä-s¸-Sp-¶-Xm-Wv. C\n Cu ]pkvXIw F\n¡v Hcp-]mSv i{Xp-¡-sf krjvSn-¡psa¶pw AtX-t]m-se-Xs¶ \mfn-Xp-hsc Ft¶m-sSm¸w \n¶v s]mcp-Xp-Ibpw kl-Ic - n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX kplr-¯p-¡fm Dt]£n-¡s¸tS-|n-h-cp-sa-¶-dn-ªp-sIm-|p-X-s¶-bmWv C-sX-gp-Xp¶-Xv. {]tXy-In¨pw amÀIvkn-ktam AXnsâ Nn´m-]-cn-k-cn-¯p \n¶v Bcw-`n-¡p¶ aäv B[p-\nI Nn´m-]-²-Xn-Itfm D]-tbm-Kn¨v \mSp-am-än-adn¨v "\¶m-¡m³', Rm³ ap³]v {ian-¨t - ]m-se, Ct¸mgpw {ian-¨p-sIm-|n-cn-¡p¶ Fsâ kl-Im-cn-IÄ¡v CXv "_p²n-ap-«'mIp-sa¶v F\n¡v Dd-¸p|v. ]t£, Ahsc D]-{Z-hn-¡m-\pÅ {iasam-¶p-aà CXnsâ ]n¶nse tNtXm-hn-Im-cw. ]d-bm-Xn-\n-h¿ - . Adn ª Xv ]d-bW - w, AXpw Ign-bp-¶{- X-t]-tcmSv ]d-bW - s - a¶ Hscmä Dt±-iyta CXn\v ]pd-In-ep-Åq. F\n¡v Hcm{Klap|-mbn-cp¶p, Fgp-Xn-b BfpsS t]cn-ÃmsX {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-W-sa-¶v, ]t£, {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v \nb-a-]-c-amb _p²n-ap-«p|m¡psa-¶Xn-\m B B{Klw Dt]-£n-¡p-I-bm-Wp-|m-b-Xv. hnjbw NÀ¨sN-¿msX Fgp-¯p-Imcs\ NÀ¨- sN-¿p¶ \½psS ]mc-¼c - y-¯n\v AdpXn D|m-¡-W-sa¶ tamlw- am-{X-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. AXpt]m- s e- X s¶ D¯- c - h m- Z nXz- s a- S p- ¡ m- \ pÅ `oXn- s Im|v t]cv hbv¡m-¯Xm-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶v sXän-²-cn-¡m\pw AXn-S-h-cp-¯psa¶v Adnbp¶XpsIm|v t]cv hbv¡p-¶p.

BßmÀ°-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ BÀ¡pw, AhÀ {]Øm-\§sf D]-Po-hn¨v Ign-bp-¶-h-c-sÃ-¦nÂ, Øm\-am-\-§Ä¡pth|n {ian-¡p¶hc-sÃ-¦nÂ, shdpw hntZz-jw -h¨p ]peÀ¯p-¶-h-c-sæn CXn D¶-bn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§-sf, Is|-¯-ep-I-sf, Ah-[m-\-]qÀÆw NÀ¨-s¡Spt¡-|n-h-cpw. A¯cw At\z-j-Isc Dt±-in-¨mWv Cu ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-Xn-bn-«p-Å-Xv. AhÀ¡n-Xv D]-I cn¡pw F¶p-X-s¶-bmWv Rm³ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. ka-Xz-]qÀ®-amb \oXn \mw hnNm-cn-¡p-¶-Xpt]mse km²y-aÃ-msb-¶-dn-bp-t¼mgpw B{K-l-Nn-´-I-sfm¶pw \S-¡nà F¶-dn-bpt¼mgpw km²y-amb \oXn¡p-th|n kam-[m-\-]-c-ambn s]mcp Xp¶h-tcm-sSm-¸-ambncp¶p Rms\¶pw. AXn-\nbpw A§-s\X-s¶-bm-bn-cn-¡pIbpw sN¿pw. AXn\v Cu a\-Ên-em-¡Â XS-Êam-Ip-¶n-Ã. Iptd-¡qSn bYmÀ°y-t_m-[-t¯msS AXv sN¿m³ 328

kam]vXn

Ignbpw. kmaq-ly-\nÀ½m-W-¯n ]£w-]n-Sn-t¡-|-Xp-s|¶v F\n-¡-dnbmw. \oXn¡p-th|n s]mcp-tX| GXv kµÀ`-¯nepw Iq«-¯n ZpÀº-e-tcm-sSm¸w \n¡pI F\n¡v kl-P-am-Wv. Aev]w-t]mepw aqeytam \oXn-t_m-[tam asä-§panÃm¯ Cu {]]©-¯n Poh-t\msSm¸w, AXpw k¦oÀ®-Po-h-t\m-sSm¸w, DbÀ ¶p-h¶ \oXn-t_m-[¯ - n Htcm kµÀ`-¯nepw ZpÀºe-tcm-sSm¸w \n¡p¶XmWv a\p-jy-"\oXn'bpw cmjv{So-b-amb "i-cn-'bpw. Cu \oXn-t_m-[-¯n\v {]Xy-b-imkv{X hni-Zo-I-c-W-§-sfm¶pwXs¶ Bh-iy-hpan-Ã.... $

329

Maitreya Maitreyan

Digitally signed by Maitreya Maitreyan DN: cn=Maitreya Maitreyan, o, ou, email=maitreyamaitreyan@gmail.co m, c=IN Date: 2013.08.05 12:18:39 +05'30' Adobe Acrobat version: 11.0.0