2.3.2. Sustainable Development Goals

smelling, and close senses are feeling and taste. In the matter of communication among people, senses are used at different distances. Sight is the first sense coming into play, identifying humans among animals or vegetation at a distance from 300 to 500 meters. When the distance is reduced to 100 meters, it is possible to see movement and interpret body language. In a distance between 50 to 70 meters, it is possible to identify gender and age, and when distance lessens to 22 – 25 meters, humans are able to read accurately emotions and facial expression. In city planning, where senses, communication and dimensions are an important factor, it is relevant to mention the social field of vision. The edge for the social field of view is 100 meters, a distance in which it is possible to see people movement. Another important figure is 25 meters, where humans can decode facial expressions and emotions. These two distances, 100 and 25 meters are key in spaces in which the main objective is to observe people. Arenas for sports and concerts use the 100 meters distance, spectators usually are sitting no more than 100 meters away from the action. In other types of venues in which emotion and facial expression take a fundamental role, as theatres and opera houses, the 25 meters distance is used to ensure communication between performers and spectator. Most squares and plazas in old European cities reflect the 100-meter distance. This distance enables users to have an overview of the space while they stand in one corner. When they approach into the space, they can recognise who is there in a distance shorter than 50 meters. In a typical plaza with square or rectangular shapes, measuring between 100 and 70 meters on their sides, humans can potentially see the majority of activities taking place there, while at the same time it is possible to perceive the detail of the nearest activities.

While paths and streets are meant as movement and transitional spaces, directly related to human linear movement, squares and plazas are intended to be functional spaces for activities. A street urges to move, whereas a square incites to stay. Summarising, human measurements, movements and senses left their imprint on urban planning history, being the fundamental building blocks streets for movement and squares for activities.

The project linked the communication and human spaces together and tried to create a lively space, while also enhancing the Agenda for Sustainable Development of 2030 – Transforming our World (United Nations, 2015).

It brought an increased focus on the importance of the targets and Sustainable Development Goals. Addressing the Goals referring to social, technology efficiency and ecosystem issues is necessary especially regarding the most relevant goals to the project: Goal 3, Goal 7, Goal 11, Goal 14, Goal 15. (Fig 2.10)

Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

To ensure good lighting for traffic and pedestrians, target number 3.6 "By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents" is addressed. The aim is to have a good, useful and more visible approach to the vehicle users, especially since the flow of vehicles is present along the pier. It addresses the idea of bringing people together with the help of a design solution that can combat loneliness and alienness.

Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.

Target number 7.3 "By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in

Figure 2.10 Chosen UN Sustainable Development Goals and targets energy efficiency": the design proposal should consider this by minimising the use of energy and increasing the efficiency of street lighting.

Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

Target number 11.4 "Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage", along with targets 11.6 and 11.7, refer to light pollution and its disrupting effect on human health and the world´s ecosystem, to protect the universal heritage represented by the natural night sky. Additionally, cultural heritage is one of the values of Langeliniekajen, therefore it should be promoted and protected. These targets aim to develop the space into a recreational, popular space without the negative impact of cities and without generating any more waste that couldn't be handled by current waste management operations. Considering Target 11.7, which is specifically focused on making green and public spaces safe, inclusive and accessible for everyone and especially for women, children, older persons and persons with disabilities. It relates to how proper lighting can reduce crime and increase reassurance. As will be explained later, appropriate lighting can contribute to creating inviting places, with a special impact on the perception of personal security for the elderly and women. The space should be transformed into a more inviting location where everyone is welcome to relax and feel secure at any time of day.

Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.

Target 14.1 - “By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution” is addressed by the fact that the lighting along the pier will not be redone and therefore it will not disrupt the natural habitat of the fish nor create any marine pollution.