INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL VENTILATION Mechanical ventilation is driven by mechanical fans, which are either installed directly onto walls or windows, or in air ducts to supply /exhausting air into or from an enclosed space. It serves as the "engineered control" of air ventilation with the purpose of bringing in "fresh" outdoor air and exhausting "stale" indoor air, filtering and removing contaminants such as dust, fumes, vapors, bacteria and unwanted gases, as well as maintaining a healthy and comfortable level of temperature and humidity, therefore reducing potential hazards and risk and providing the space user a safe and healthy environment.
FUNDAMENTAL PURPOSES There are four main purposes of ventilation: 1. Provide a continuous supply of fresh air. 2. Maintain temperature and humidity at thermal comfort levels. 3. Reduce potential risk and hazards such as fire and explosion. 4. Remove or dilute airborne contaminants
In general, the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system (HVAC) serves two fundamental functions, namely air supply and air exhaust. The supply system consists components of • Air inlet, • Air filtering equipment • Heating/Cooling equipment • Fan(s) • Ducts • Air distribution registers GROUP – 4
The exhaust system consists components of. • Air outlet • Ducts • Air cleaning device(s), • Fan(s) • Discharge stacks NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
MENARA MIDF, MALAYSIA KEY INFORMATION
SUPPLY VENTILATION SYSTEM IN MENARA MIDF
• Project Name: Menara MIDF (also known as Malaysian Industrial Development Finance Building) • Year of completion: 1970 • Location: 82, Jalan Raja Chulan, 50200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia • Type: Corporate Office • Tenure: Freehold • No. of Blocks: 1 • No. of Storey: 23 with 2 storey below ground basement • Built-up: 32,462 Sq. ft.
They use a fan to force outside air into the building while air leaks out of the building through holes in the shell, bath- and range-fan ducts, and intentional vents. This system allow better control of the air that enters the house than do exhaust ventilation systems. By pressurizing the building, these systems discourage the entry of pollutants from outside and prevent back drafting of combustion gases from fireplaces and appliances. They also allow air introduced into the house to be filtered to remove pollen and dust or to be dehumidified.
Stairwell Pressurization System Pressurization
system
is
mainly
used
for
fixed
smoke
management to ensure the effectiveness of fireground operation. Function of Stairwell pressurization System :
FACILITIES • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Centralized air-conditioning 24 hour security CCTV surveillance E-card access Lifts Basement car parks Multi-purpose halls Staff lounges Surau Gymnasium Mini shop Clinic Bistro Cafeteria
1.
Inhibits migration of smoke to stairwells, area of refuge, elevator shafts
2.
Maintain a tenable environment in spaces with large number of occupants and means of egress during evacuation
3.
Improving the visibility for firefighting members to perform fire rescue operation
Factors Affecting Stairwell pressurization System 1.
Sta ck Effe ct
2.
Inadequate Vents Evacuation Time
3.
Smoke Control By Pressurization Mechanism of Stairwell Pressurization System
TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION USED IN MENARA MIDF
SUPPLY VENTILATION SYSTEM EXHAUST VENTILATION SYSTEM BALANCED VENTILATION SYSTEM
GROUP – 4
Highlighted section indicating position of pressurized stairwell
Emergency Staircase with stairwell pressurization system
Highlighted ground floor plan indicated the position of the pressurization stairwell at Level 22 floor
NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
MENARA MIDF, MALAYSIA Components Of Stairwell Pressurization System A.
E.
Supply Air Grille
Smoke Protection and Fire Damper
Location of supply ventilation grilles in the interior office ice space
B.
Axial Fan
C.
Control Panel Mechanism of smoke protection damper in an office building
Fire damper in basement floor level 1
Pressure relief damper at ANU room
Pressure relief damper adjacent to fire toted door
EXHAUST VENTILATION SYSTEM IN MENARA MIDF Exhaust ventilation system functions to exhaust odor and unwanted moisture and improve indoor air quality. In case of Menara MIDF, exhaust system are found in toilets because it acts to remove odor and stale air and help absorb moisture in the atmosphere which results problems like mold. It is found in toilets, AHU room and the piping room. Axial Pressurization Fan of rooftop floor level 23 D.
Components of Exhaust Ventilation System in Menara MIDF A.
Ductwork
Ductwork connected to the axial fan at floor level 23 of Menara MIDF GROUP – 4
Control panel of stairwell pressurization fan
Connection of ductwork at floor level 23
Exhaust Air Grille
Exhaust grille located or the ceiling of the toilet
Exhaust grille located at the AHU room
Exhaust grille located at corridor of office building
NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
MENARA MIDF, MALAYSIA B.
Ductwork
Ductwork system disguise under plaster ceiling of office space
C.
Exhaust Fan
Exhaust fan instated at lift motor room to circulate and extract hot air in Menara MIDF
C.
Exhaust grilles containing fan in control
Exhaust and Supply Diffuser
Position of exhaust and supply ventilation ducting and diffuser on basement level 1
Front View of both supply and exhaust diffuser not accessible to public
BALANCED VENTILATION SYSTEM IN MENARA MIDF Balanced ventilation system can be found at the underground which is the basement car park. Effective indoor air quality (IAQ) is a vital element in ensuring occupants health condition. Due to insufficient natural ventilation and the limitation of infiltration and exfiltration process, mechanical ventilation plays an important role in exhausting pollutants and contaminants which are hazardous. Two fresh air supply fans and two exhaust fans can be found on the east and west side of the office building.
Components of Balanced Ventilation System A.
Supply and Exhaust Fan
B.
Swab/Air Inlet located at basement Level 1
Outlet Duct D.
Exhaust and supply fan located at proximity distance between each other GROUP – 4
Exhaust Air Outlet located at basement Level 1
Cylindrical ducting across the basement level 1 at Menara MIDF
Rectangular duct span across the basement level 1 at Menara MIDF
Outlet Grille
Outlet Grille attached to the duct span which transfers pollutant and stale air to be exhausted outwards to the atmosphere with the presence of a filter to crop contaminants NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
CASE STUDY BUILDING 2:
Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre (MITEC) MITEC, 8, Jalan Dutamas 2, Kompleks Kerajaan, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
GROUP – 4
NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre INTRODUCTIONProject Name : Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre (MITEC) Year of completion : 2017 Location : Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Type : Exhibition Centre Architect: RSP Architects Built- up : 143,191 sq.m "LARGEST TRADE AND EXHIBITION CENTRE IN MALAYSIA“ "MITEC is a magnificent showpiece that boasts state-ofthe-art facilities, capable of hosting heavy industry shows and large-scale events.“ As quoted from MITEC's official website, building features include: ▪ 1 million sq ft exhibition space ▪ Largest exhibition Centre in Malaysia ▪ 11 exhibition halls & 1 Multi-purpose hall ▪ Triple volume exhibition halls ▪ Largest pillar-less exhibition hall in Malaysia (equivalent to 2 football field) ▪ Auditorium ▪ Multi-purpose hall ▪ Media facilities ▪ VIP lounges ▪ Restaurants and food outlets GROUP – 4
TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION USED IN MENARA MIDF ----------------1. 2.
Supply Ventilation System Extract Ventilation System NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre SUPPLY VENTILATION SYSTEM -
1. STAIRCASE PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
Typical staircase pressurization system Level 1 floor plan indicating location of enclosed staircases
GROUP – 4
NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre SUPPLY VENTILATION SYSTEM 2. LIFT LOBBY PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
Diagram indicating location of duct in lift lobby Level 1 floor plan indicating location of lift lobbies
GROUP – 4
NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre EXTRACT VENTILATION SYSTEM -
GROUP – 4
NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)
CONCLUSION Menara MIDF, Malaysia
Malaysia International Trade and Exhibition Centre (MITEC)
➢ The mechanical ventilation system used in MITEC are supply, exhaust and balanced ventilation.
➢
The mechanical ventilation system used in MITEC are supply and exhaust ventilation.
➢ The conduction and maintenance of the mechanical ventilation system in Menara MIDF is at a satisfactory level and well maintained.
➢
These systems provide continuous channel of fresh air.
➢
These systems also accommodate fire safety features, namely staircase and lift lobbies pressurization system.
➢
The main programme of building's space utilizes air-conditioning for fresh air and cooling purposes for the occupants.
➢
Mainly the mechanical ventilation are found at maintenance rooms, basement car park and utilities rooms.
➢
The Supply Ventilation System is useful to decrease the amount of contaminants entering the office building enclosure. Air leaked out though the ducts and vents allows it to maintain positive pressure.
➢ Lastly, the Balanced Ventilation System ensures equal rate of supply and expel of air to provide movement of air in the basement floor levels of Menara MIDF which ensures a proper ventilation of air.
➢
The setback of Exhaust Ventilation System is that contaminants may be drawn into the indoor environment and possibly cause condensation due to drawing in moist outdoor air.
➢ In order to maintain effective ventilation system in Menara MIDF, it requires regular inspection of the maintenance of the mechanical ventilation system.
➢
The mechanical ventilation system is used to achieve thermal comfort by extracting out excessive heat and humid air out of the space.
➢ For the occupants of the office in Menara MIDF, a complete and efficient ventilation system is achieved to provide a comfortable and safe indoor environment with the use of fan, ductwork, dampers, diffuser and others.
➢ With the Supply Ventilation System the building is well ventilated all day long with the supply of fresh air from the external source of the building. ➢ To remove contaminants and odour, Exhaust Ventilation also plays a vital role in keeping the indoor air environment safe and satisfactory.
GROUP – 4
NIKHIL KUTLEHRIA (196030), ROHIT SAXENA (196035), SUMIT LATHWAL (196041)