The Book is done by group of senior students for their graduation project I under supervision of professors and teacher assistants at Modern University for Science and Arts in Fall Semester 2017-2018. Under Supervision Of :
Presented By :
Prof.Omar Fawzy Prof.Sameh El-Feki DR.Tarek Abdel Salam DR.Rania El-Messidy Arch. Shaimaa Mobasheer Arch. Eriny
Ahmed Kamel Okasha Ali Ahmed Darwish Beshoy Merzek Melad Fayrouz Emad El Din Nardine Abdelnour Rokaia Mohammed
132229 141289 143263 141415 143507 143593
Copyright Statement: Š All Copyrights of this book is reserved only for the mentioned group work.
Content Introduction Why did we choose Al Max?..............................................................................................................004
Chapter I: Historical BackGround 1.1.Introduction...................................................................................................................................006 1.2.Urban Changes During Historical Period.................................................................................. 1.2.1.Period From 1805 To 1917..................................................................................................007 1.2.2.Period From 1937 “Wadi Al Qammar”..............................................................................008 1.2.3.Period From 1948 To 1950..................................................................................................009 1.2.4.Period From 1954 To 2000..................................................................................................009 1.2.5.Period From 2000 To 2003..................................................................................................010 1.2.6.Fishermen Houses................................................................................................................010 1.2.7.Polluted Houses.....................................................................................................................011 1.3.Timeline..........................................................................................................................................012
Chapter II: Urban Analysis 2.1.Location..........................................................................................................................................014 2.2.Road Hierarchy...............................................................................................................................015 2.2.Accessibility....................................................................................................................................016 2.3.Signifigant Places...........................................................................................................................017 2.4.Visual Aspects................................................................................................................................018 2.5.Solid & Void...................................................................................................................................019 2.6.Land Use.........................................................................................................................................020 2.7.Building Heights............................................................................................................................021 2.8.Building Conditions......................................................................................................................022 2.9.Building Character.........................................................................................................................023 2.10.Building Material.........................................................................................................................024 2.11.Topography...................................................................................................................................025 2.12.Climatic Data...............................................................................................................................027 2.13.SWOT............................................................................................................................................031
Chapter III: Project Selection 3.1.Main Problems................................................................................................................................033 3.2.Literature Review...........................................................................................................................034 3.3.Project Target..................................................................................................................................036
Chapter IV: Site Selection 4.1.Selection Creteria...........................................................................................................................038 4.2.Choosen Sites..................................................................................................................................039 4.3.Other 2 Sites....................................................................................................................................041
Chapter V: Case Studies 5.1.Design Issues..................................................................................................................................046 5.2.Fish Market in Bergen...................................................................................................................048 5.3.Aquaponic Pavilion ......................................................................................................................051 5.4. Museum of Handcraft Paper.......................................................................................................054
Chapter VI: Project Data 6.1.Design Guidelines.........................................................................................................................057 6.2.Space Program................................................................................................................................059 6.3.Standard Dimensions.....................................................................................................................060
Chapter VII: Sustainability 7.1.Sustinability Definition.................................................................................................................068 7.2.Environmental Sustainability.......................................................................................................069 7.3.Economic Sustainability................................................................................................................070 7.4.Social Sustainability.......................................................................................................................071
Chapter VIII: Individual Work 8.1.Ahmed Kamel.................................................................................................................................073 8.2.Ali Darwish.....................................................................................................................................078 8.3.Beshoy Merzek................................................................................................................................084 8.4.Fayrouz Emad El Din....................................................................................................................089 8.5.Nardine Abdelnour........................................................................................................................097 8.6.Rokaia Mohammed.......................................................................................................................105
List Of References.......................................................................................114 List Of Figures............................................................................................119
Al-Max
Introduction
What Is Fish Processing ? Fish processing refers to the processes associated with fish and fish products between the time fish are caught or harvested, and the time the final product is delivered to the customer. Also refers specifically to fish, in practice it is extended to cover any aquatic organisms harvested for commercial purposes, whether caught in wild fisheries or harvested from aquaculture or fish farming. Larger fish processing companies often operate their own fishing fleets or farming operations. The products of the fish industry are usually sold to grocery chains or to intermediaries. Fish are highly perishable. A central concern of fish processing is to prevent fish from deteriorating, and this remains an underlying concern during other processing operations. Fish processing can be subdivided into fish handling, which is the preliminary processing of raw fish, and the manufacture of fish products. Another natural subdivision is into primary processing involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processing that produces chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades Fish is a highly perishable food which needs proper handling and preservation if it is to have a long shelf life and retain a desirable quality and nutritional value The central concern of fish processing is to prevent fish from deteriorating. The most obvious method for preserving the quality of fish is to keep them alive until they are ready for cooking and eating. For thousands of years, China achieved this through the aquaculture of carp. Other methods used to preserve fish and fish products include the control of temperature using ice, refrigeration or freezing , the control of water activity by drying, salting, smoking or freeze-drying , the physical control of microbial loads through microwave heating or ionizing irradiation , the chemical control of microbial loads by adding acids and oxygen deprivation, such as vacuum packing. Usually more than one of these methods is used. When chilled or frozen fish or fish products are transported by road, rail, sea or air, the cold chain must be maintained. This requires insulated containers or transport vehicles and adequate refrigeration. Modern shipping containers can combine refrigeration with a controlled atmosphere. Fish processing is also concerned with proper waste management and with adding value to fish products. There is an increasing demand for ready to eat fish products, or products that do not need much preparation. 5
Fish Processing & Trading When fish are captured or harvested for commercial purposes, they need some preprocessing so they can be delivered to the next part of the marketing chain in a fresh and undamaged condition. This means, for example, that fish caught by a fishing vessel need handling so they can be stored safely until the boat lands the fish on shore. Typical handling processes are transferring the catch from the fishing gear (such as a trawl, net or fishing line) to the fishing vessel , holding the catch before further handling , sorting and grading , bleeding, gutting and washing , chilling , storing the chilled fish and unloading, or landing the fish when the fishing vessel returns to port . An alternative, and obvious way of keeping fish fresh is to keep them alive until they are delivered to the buyer or ready to be eaten. This is a common practice worldwide. Typically, the fish are placed in a container with clean water, and dead, damaged or sick fish are removed. The water temperature is then lowered and the fish are starved to reduce their metabolic rate. This decreases fouling of water with metabolic products (ammonia, nitrite and carbon dioxide) that become toxic and make it difficult for the fish to extract oxygen. Fish can be kept alive in floating cages, wells and fish ponds. In aquaculture, holding basins are used where the water is continuously filtered and its temperature and oxygen level are controlled. In China, floating cages are constructed in rivers out of palm woven baskets, while in South America simple fish yards are built in the backwaters of rivers. Live fish can be transported by methods which range from simple artisanal methods where fish are placed in plastic bags with an oxygenated atmosphere, to sophisticated systems which use trucks that filter and recycle the water, and add oxygen and regulate temperature.
Handling Of Harvested Fish The retention of nutritional properties and product quality of fish is dependent on proper handling of the catch after it has been harvested from its aquatic environment.
Chilling
Harvested fish must be immediately stored in a low-temperature environment such as ice or refrigerated seawater. This chilling process slows the growth of microorganisms that live in fish and inhibits the activity of enzymes. Because fish have a lower body temperature, softer texture, and less connective tissue than land animals, they are much more susceptible to microbial contamination and structural degradation. If immediate chilling is not possible, then the fish must generally be sold and eaten on the day of the harvest. 6
Al-Max Ice cooling and holding normally requires a one-to-one or oneto-two weight ratio of ice to fish, depending on the specific geographic location and the time it takes to transport the fish to the processing plant. Refrigerated seawater cooling and holding causes less bruising and other structural damage to the fish carcasses than ice cooling. However, fish cooled in refrigerated seawater absorbs salt from the water. For this reason fish that is destined for sale on the fresh or frozen market may be held in refrigerated seawater for only a limited amount of time. The addition of salt during canning or smoking processes is adjusted in order to compensate for any absorbed salt.
Preprocessing : Preprocessing of fish prepares the raw material for final processing. It is often performed on shipboard or in a shore-based plant and includes such operations as inspection, washing, sorting, grading, and butchering of the harvested fish. The butchering of fish involves the removal of nonedible portions such as the viscera, head, tail, and fins. Depending on the butchering process, as much as 30 to 70 percent of the fish may be discarded as waste or reduced to cheap animal feed. The lower figure applies when the fish is canned or sold as “whole.� The higher figure applies when the fish is filleted or made into other pure meat products; in these cases the skeleton is discarded with as much as 50 percent of the edible flesh attached. Efforts to utilize this discarded fraction for the production of alternative food products have begun in the fish industry.
Final Processing Of Fish : The four basic procedures used in the final processing of fish products are heating, freezing, controlling water activity (by drying or adding chemicals), and irradiating. All these procedures increase the shelf life of the fish by inhibiting the mechanisms that promote spoilage and degradation. Each of these procedures also has an effect on the nutritional properties of the final product. 7
Fish Processing & Trading History of Alexandria The second largest city and a major economic centre in Egypt, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also a popular tourist destination. Alexandria was founded around a small, ancient Egyptian town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It became an important center of the Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Hellenistic and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1000 years until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world; now replaced by a modern one); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was the second most powerful city of the ancient world after Rome. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty. From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton Alexandria is believed to have been founded by Alexander the Great in April 331 BC as Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexandria). Alexander’s chief architect for the project was Dinocrates. Alexandria was intended to supersede Naucratis as a Hellenistic center in Egypt, and to be the link between Greece and the rich Nile valley. However, more recent radiocarbon dating of seashell fragments and lead contamination predate this claim by two millennia Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural center of the ancient world for some time. The city and its museum attracted many of the greatest scholars, including Greeks, Jews and Syrians. The city was later plundered and lost its significance. In the early Christian Church, the city was the center of the Patriarchate of Alexandria, which was one of the major centers of early Christianity in the Eastern Roman Empire. In the modern world, the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria both lay claim to this ancient heritage. 8
Al-Max The Islamic prophet, Muhammad’s first interaction with the people of Egypt occurred in 628, during the Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma). He sent Hatib bin Abi Baltaeh with a letter to the king of Egypt (in reality Emperor Heraclius) and Alexandria called Muqawqis In the letter Muhammad said: “I invite you to accept Islam, Allah the sublime, shall reward you doubly. But if you refuse to do so, you will bear the burden of the transgression of all the Copts”. During this expedition one of Muhammad’s envoys Dihyah bin Khalifa Kalbi was attacked, Muhammad sent Zayd ibn Haritha to help him. Dihya approached the Banu Dubayb (a tribe which converted to Islam and had good relations with Muslims) for help. When the news reached Muhammad, he immediately dispatched Zayd ibn Haritha with 500 men to battle. The Muslim army fought with Banu Judham, killed several of them (inflicting heavy casualties), including their chief, Al-Hunayd ibn Arid and his son, and captured 1000 camels, 5000 of their cattle and 100 women and boys. The new chief of the Banu Judham who had embraced Islam appealed to Muhammad to release his fellow tribesmen, and Muhammad released them. In 619, Alexandria fell to the Sassanid Persians. Although the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius recovered it in 629, in 641 the Arabs under the general ‘Amr ibn al-’As captured it during the Muslim conquest of Egypt, after a siege that lasted 14 months Alexandria has a borderline hot desert climate approaching a hot semi-arid climate (BSh). As the rest of Egypt’s northern coast, the prevailing north wind, blowing across the Mediterranean, gives the city a less severe climate from the desert hinterland.
Due to the constant presence of war in Alexandria in ancient times, very little of the ancient city has survived into the present day. Much of the royal and civic quarters sank beneath the harbour due to earthquake subsidence in AD 365, and the rest has been built over in modern times. “Pompey’s Pillar”, a Roman triumphal column, is one of the best-known ancient monuments still standing in Alexandria today. It is located on Alexandria’s ancient acropolis—a modest hill located adjacent to the city’s Arab cemetery—and was originally part of a temple colonnade. Including its pedestal, it is 30 m (99 ft) high; the shaft is of polished red granite, 2.7 m (8.9 ft) in diameter at the base, tapering to 2.4 m (7.9 ft) at the top. The shaft is 88 feet (27 m) high, and made out of a single piece of granite. Its volume is 132 cubic meters (4,662 cubic feet) and weight approximately 396 tons . Pompey’s Pillar may have been erected using the same methods that were used to erect the ancient obelisks. The Romans had cranes but they were not strong enough to lift something this heavy. Roger Hopkins and Mark Lehrner conducted several obelisk erecting experiments including a successful attempt to erect a 25-ton obelisk in 1999. This followed two experiments to erect smaller obelisks and two failed attempts to erect a 25-ton obelisk 9
Fish Processing & Trading The most famous mosque in Alexandria is El-Mursi Abul Abbas Mosque in Bahary. Other notable mosques in the city include Ali ibn Abi Talib mosque in Somouha, Bilal mosque, alGamaa al-Bahari in Mandara, Hatem mosque in Somouha, Hoda el-Islam mosque in Sidi Bishr, al-Mowasah mosque in Hadara, Sharq al-Madina mosque in Miami, al-Shohadaa mosque in Mostafa Kamel, Al Qa’ed Ibrahim Mosque, Yehia mosque in Zizinia, Sidi Gaber mosque in Sidi Gaber, and Sultan mosque. Alexandria is the base of the Salafi movement’s in Egypt. Al-Nour Party, which is based in the city and overwhelmingly won most of the Salafi votes in the 2011–12 parliamentary election, supports the president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. After Rome and Constantinople, Alexandria was considered the third-most important seat of Christianity in the world. The Pope of Alexandria was second only to the bishop of Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire until 430. The Church of Alexandria had jurisdiction over most of the continent of Africa. After the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, the Church of Alexandria was split between the Miaphysites and the Melkites. The Miaphysites went on to constitute what is known today as the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. The Melkites went on to constitute what is known today as the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria. In the 19th century, Catholic and Protestant missionaries converted some of the adherents of the Orthodox churches to their respective faiths. Today, the Patriarchal seat of the Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church is Saint Mark Cathedral in Ramleh. The most important Coptic Orthodox churches in Alexandria include Pope Cyril I Church in Cleopatra, Saint Georges Church in Sporting, Saint Mark & Pope Peter I Church in Sidi Bishr, Saint Mary Church in Assafra, Saint Mary Church in Gianaclis, Saint Mina Church in Fleming, Saint Mina Church in Mandara and Saint Takla Haymanot’s Church in Ibrahimeya. The most important Eastern Orthodox churches in Alexandria are Agioi Anárgyroi Church, Church of the Annunciation, Saint Anthony Church, Archangels Gabriel & Michael Church, Taxiarchon Church, Saint Catherine Church, Cathedral of the Dormition in Mansheya, Church of the Dormition, Prophet Elijah Church, Saint George Church, Church of the Immaculate Conception in Ibrahemeya, Saint Joseph Church in Fleming, Saint Joseph of Arimathea Church, Saint Mark & Saint Nektarios Chapel in Ramleh, Saint Nicholas Church, Saint Paraskevi Church, Saint Sava Cathedral in Ramleh, Saint Theodore Chapel and the Russian church of Saint Alexander Nevsky in Alexandria, which serves the Russian speaking community in the city.
10
Al-Max The Apostolic Vicariate of Alexandria in Egypt-Heliopolis-Port Said has jurisdiction over all Latin Church Catholics in Egypt. Member churches include Saint Catherine Church in Mansheya and Church of the Jesuits in Cleopatra. The city is also the nominal see of the Melkite Greek Catholic titular Patriarchate of Alexandria (generally vested in its leading Patriarch of Antioch) and the actual cathedral see of its Patriarchal territory of Egypt, Sudan and South Sudan, which uses the Byzantine Rite, and the nominal see of the Armenian Catholic diocese of Iskandkeriya (for all Egypt and Sudan, whose actual cathedral is in Cairo), a suffragan of the Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia, using the Armenian Rite. The Saint Mark Church in Shatby, founded as part of Collège Saint Marc, is multi-denominational and holds liturgies according to Latin Catholic, Coptic Catholic and Coptic Orthodox rites. In antiquity, Alexandria was a major center of the cosmopolitan religious movement called Gnosticis The Royal Library of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt, was once the largest library in the world. It is generally thought to have been founded at the beginning of the 3rd century BC, during the reign of Ptolemy II of Egypt. It was likely created after his father had built what would become the first part of the library complex, the temple of the Muses—the Museion, Greek Μουσείον (from which the Modern English word museum is derived). It has been reasonably established that the library, or parts of the collection, were destroyed by fire on a number of occasions (library fires were common and replacement of handwritten manuscripts was very difficult, expensive, and time-consuming). To this day the details of the destruction (or destructions) remain a lively source of controversy.
11
Fish Processing & Trading
So Why did we choose the max ? Reasons Of Choosing Al Max Al Max as an area has a great identity and the people there is highly communicated to each other also it is well known with it’s perfect , unique location , as it is located dircetly between the Mediterranean sea and El - Mahmoudia canal and both of them are well knwon with their great fish wealth . Fig.(1) Represents Al max Location
Also it is located in Alexandria , Alexandria is a major economic center of Egypt and one of the most important trading centers of the whole world , as it is a great connection between the seas and the surrounding conteints . In addition to all of that Al-Max suffers from alot of issues and has alot of challenges and that gave us a great varity in choosing our project . Beside that it has a magnificent site in country map (powerfull Destination , as a coast region). AL MAX also have many site views that give the project proposed good choices and concepts , and the site contors give us many differet opportunities for masses and different ideas of the project concepts .
Fig.(2) Represents Alexandria Location to the world
Fig.(3) Represents Al Max Community
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Fish Processing & Trading Chapter I
History Of Al Max
Introduction: Al Max is a fishermen community centered around the Mahmudiyah freshwater canal. Which was excavated in 1820 by order of Muhammad Ali in order to bring water from the Nile to Alexandria and also to be a path for cargo ships. (Fig. 4)
Fig.(4) Represents Al Max Historical Map (1820)
The Mahmudiyah canal used to play an important role in navigation during the 19th century, which allow cargoes from Upper, Middle and Lower Egypt to Alexandria. After they stopped navigation through the canal, a relatively small neighborhood with colorful, old, low-rise buildings was taking place along the lake and boats are lined up.(Fig. 5)
Fig.(5) Represents Fishermen Village & Al Mahmoudiya
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Al-Max From1805 to 1917: Firstly , The company of salts was created in 1805 in the max area. Mohammed Ali ordered to get the equipments of rail way that stayed at the max site from 18341849 (15 years) until it rusts due to England refused to built this. Built in 1849 as a line between El Dikhala quarries and the port of Max. This is the 1st rail-way constructed in Egypt, But now it is not used (Fig. 6)
Fig.(6) Represents Companies Appeared on the Map.
Then the muhmudiya canal appeared on the map. The lighthouse is no longer used, but it is listed as one of the architectural guides to the function of the former place as a port. With the continued existence of the Shafkhana Fort, the beacons and the landmarks of the military zone, it appears to us on the map of the region of 1917 that housing is gradually being built around the Al-Mahmudiya canal, the nucleus of the place now known as the Fishermen’s Village. The fishermen village is therefore considered the first residential area in the area. (Fig. 7,8)
Fig.(7) Represents Al Mahmoudiya Location on the Map.
15
Fish Processing & Trading From 1937 “ Wadi el Qamar Houses “ Then came the houses of the Wadi Al-Qamar and some scattered buildings in 1937 next to the salt factory, where the block was inhabited by one east of the pumps and the West salt factory . But with the extension of the city did not become the city limits, which begins at the beginning of the map of 1937. The city spread to the Dakhilah and Ajami and to the north coast. The heart of the urban city extended until it reached the bottom (Fig. 9)
Fig.(9) Represents Al Max Map 1973.
The Wadi Al-Qamar area is known as an industrial zone despite the existence of the Residential area before the companies where the housing of Wadi Al-Qamar is located between four companies - Alexandria Petroleum Company, Salt Company, Portland Cement Company and Oil Company - making it semi-isolated from any other residential area, affecting the relations between the people and making them more powerful.(Fig. 10) Wadi Al-Qamar is located on the eastern side of Wadi Al-Qamar Street, a main road for the movement of trucks and cars. It is a fast-moving road, and although it is the main artery of the movement, it is not well paved. It is bordered by a width of less than one meter, making it insecure for pedestrian.(Fig. 11)
Fig.(10) Represents Petroleum Company
The houses are located next to the trench and like the Wadi al-Qamar residences Surrounding the area. The two areas of Wadi Al-Qamar and the houses of the people of AlMax were initially one residential area and then part of them was removed to replace the Petroleum Company to separate the two regions from one another.
Fig.(11) Represents Wadi Al Qammar Location on the Map.
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Al-Max From 1948 to 1950: Alexandria cement company was created in 1948. The canal of el Mahmoudiyah firstly appeared in 1950 , People began to settle around the drain and the fishing was increased. (Fig. 12).
Fig.(12) Represents The Canal 1st Appearance.
Fig.(13) Represents Fishermen Settlement.
From 1954 To 2000 : The number of entertainment places increased from the casinos and restaurants on the beach, and with the industrial development the various companies and factories were established. With the nationalization decisions, the shape of the area began to change. Old and special areas of the armed forces, and the emergence of modern residential communities such as the houses of the armed forces and houses of the Tabiya Diaspora to the inhabitants of the sea Tabia, and also increase the building density on the Corniche and the places around the trench and the Wadi Al-Qamar , in 1954 the Alexandria Petroleum company was created and some of valley of the moon was removed , In 1997 The AMOC company was created (Fig. 14).
Fig.(14) Represents Restaurants & Companies Location on Map.
Fig.(15) Represents Historical Map.
17
Fish Processing & Trading From 2000 to 2003: Gudran was established as an initiative using the arts to develop the Palms fishing village area. In 2003, the walls were registered as a non-governmental, non-profit organization. From the outset, the organization has aspired to use neglected architectural and architectural spaces to spread street art and diverse community members for comprehensive community development. In the implementation of its project in the village of fishermen in Al-Max area for eight years, the project aims to raise awareness among the residents of the village and decision-makers in the city of Alexandria through the practice of diverse arts. In 2000, the population was about 1500 inhabitants in the fishermen’s village. The walls came to the region and started to spread awareness through the establishment of some artistic activities such as drawing workshops for children, awareness activities for the residents and graffiti to beautify the village, cleaning the village from garbage, workshops for agriculture and music lessons, New fishing boats (arts walls).
Al Mahmoudiya Canal supposed to be Venice of Egypt, but now it is used as factories drainage. Despite of this situation the fishermen settled and line up their boats. Fishermen Houses: The houses of fishermen, built in primitive and unorganized, and their varied boats in the trench in front of these small houses, Social communication These activities, images and titles used to refer to the area of the Max have limited the perception of the people of the area to include only the fishermen’s village and fish market while the truth is quite different; Fishermen’s represent a very small part of the area of Max with an area of only 0.03 square kilometers of area of 4.80 square kilometers occupied by the area of the whole location.
Fig.(16) Represents Fishermen Houses
18
Al-Max The Polluted Houses: While looking at the composition of the urban building, we find that it consists of small groups of homes scattered among the giant blocks of pollution caused by companies and factories of petroleum, chemicals, cement, and salt . The area of Al-Max is one of the highest polluted areas in Egypt. These factories also have small architectural patches such as the Haras al-Hudud Club, the Railroad Club and three schools. This urban structure does not separate the industrial zone from the residential areas with a distance that ensures the health of the residential areas and is not affected by pollution from factories. This also applies to clubs and schools . (Fig. 15).
Fig.(17) Represents Factories Surrounded by Factories Pollution.
All this analysis shows that Al Max was established as industrial region. Then following developments like Mahmodya canal establishment for trading, wadi el qamar as housing region & fishermen village as housing on canal sides affected in forming the area as nowadays layout and fabric. Nowadays urban fabric for Al Max is residential area mixed with factories. All this deforms came because of random development for the resedintal growth in (fishermen village & wadi el qamar). So that project aim to work on fishermen condition & developing their life in the ecconomical aspect followed by the intellectual one also . 19
Fig.(18) Represents Timeline.
Urban Changes Of Al Max:
Fish Processing & Trading
20
Fish Processing & Trading Chapter II
Urban Analysis
Location: Distance from Alexandria: 10.5 KM Distance from Cairo: 220.8 KM Latitude : + 31.22 Longitude: +29.95 Country: Egypt Area : 1429 Acre
Fig.(19) Represents Al Max location according to Cairo & Alexandria.
Fig.(20) Represents Al Max Layout.
El max located west of Alexandria , left of the Agamy road. Start from Mariout lake and end at Mediterranean sea. The distance from Al Max to Alexandria is around 10.5 KM. Also the distance from Cairo to Al Max almost 220.8 KM. 22
Fig.(21) Represents Roads Map.
Road Hierarchy:
Al-Max
23
Fig.(22) Represents Accessibility Map.
Accessibility:
Fish Processing & Trading
24
Al-Max Significant Buildings:
Fig.(23) Represents Significant Buildings Map.
Al Max has some significant
Fig.(24) 1. Alexandria Port
Fig.(25) 2. Al Max Lighthouse.
Fig.(28) 5. El Dekhila Port.
Fig.(27) 4. Petrolum Company.
Fig.(26) 3. Al Mahmoudiya Canal.
25
Fish Processing & Trading Visual Aspects:
26
Al-Max
Solid & Void:
This map shows that almost 85% of Al Max is built up. This buildings are educational, different residential building types, medical and industrial. Other 15% could be empty lands for government future plans, people use this areas to threw their wastes or used for informal cafe and open spaces.
Fig.(29) Represents Solid & Void Map.
20%
80%
27
Fish Processing & Trading land-Use: The industrial buildings took a long part from al max area, which affects the urban fabric of the place. Most of this factories located near the canal and the Mediterranean sea. This factories also affect the people living around the canal,due to they threw their wastes in the canal.
Fig.(30) Represents Land-Use Map.
4% 2% 1% 20%
2%
71%
28
Al-Max
Building Heights:
About 39% of The Building Are Mainly The Fishermen Residential Building Along The Mahmoudia Canal Which They Are About 2 Floors Building And Some Others Industrial Building In Different Zones. Building About 3-4 Levels Are Residential Building Located At Different zones With Percentage 9%. Most Of The Building Are Factories Buildings About More Than 5 Levels And Represent The Highest Percentage Which About 48% Of The Total Area.
Fig.(31) Represents Building Height Map.
9%
48%
39%
4%
29
Fish Processing & Trading Building Conditions: Fishermen Residential Building Considered As Deteriorated Building About 6% Of The Total Area And Will Be Removed By The Government. About 25% Are Residential Building With Bad Conditions Located At Wadi Al Qamer. Good Building Condition Are About 69% Which Include Factories Building And Some Residential Building Located Near Al Max Staduim.
Fig.(32) Represents Building Conditions Map.
6%
25%
69%
30
SkyLine:
Al-Max
Fig.(33) Represents Collage Skyline.
Building Material:
El Max buildings are characterized by its diversity of building types. Building style in Max are divided into two types, Traditional & Modern construction.
Traditional building :
Modern construction Building :
Materials: Limestone Bricks Main Elevation: Painted Ordinary Openings External Stairs Hanging Laundry
Materials: Reinforcement Concrete Bricks Main Elevation: High Rise Buildings
Fig.(34) Represents Building Material Collage.
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Fish Processing & Trading Building Character:
The picture shows that residential buildings located around the canal do not have identity or character.It is built up randomly. They added external stairs or ramps on the shore so the fishermen’s reach their boats directly . They park the boats and make their own nets. On the other hand there are multi-story buildings with traditional style. Least but not last some of inhabitants added extensions on the roof for another room or for private, and some hung laundries on the roof. This highlights their lack of awareness.
Fig.(35) Represents Building Character Analysis.
Elevations & Extensions
Openings
Access to canal
Roof & Ground extensions
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Al-Max
Topography: A
B A
B Fig.(36) Represents Topography Plan
Fig.(37) Represents Site Contour
Fig.(38) Represents Section A-A Hightest Point.
Fig.(39) Represents Section A-A Lowest Point.
Fig.(40) Represents Section B-B Hightest Point.
Fig.(41) Represents Section B-B Lowest Point.
Conclusion: The region is rich by contouring plans that will directly affect the project level and landscape. Section A-A start from street level toward the point over mahmodya canal with highest point with it’s surroundings and also get low around. The other Section B-B starts form sea level continue towards the highest point under the factories, and ends by Al Max borders which is the lowest level for the whole site. 33
Fish Processing & Trading Soil Analysis: The Western side of Alexandria is a calcareous and saline soil due to drying of the lakes.
Fig.(42) Represents Calcareous Soil.
We need to make some chemical analysis on a sample from the proposed site to measure the percentage of soil salts. If salts percentage is high, so we need to insulate building structure systems. But if the percentage is normal that will not affect the building.
Social Analysis:
The max is considered as an industrial zone , most of its citizens work at the industrial companies or in the fishing craft ,specially the people that surrounds the canal . The max is a part of Elian-Dekhila District which is 2159 Km2 and the max is 12 km2 from it. Population rating Males Total (2006) 15,975 , Females (2006) 14,094, number of citizens (2006) 7853. El Max (2006) 30,510 , (2017) 65,440,
Fig.(43) Represents Gender/Age Diagram Between Men and Women
Fig.(44) Represents Education Level Between Men Women.
Fig.(45) Represents Primary Education Between Men and Women.
Fig.(46) Represents Preparatory Education Between Men and Women.
Conclusion: Due to this graphs we discovered that most of the inhabitants are youth and children’s, most off them are under average education so we decided to target them in our project. 34
Al-Max
Climatic Data:
1.Sun Path:
June
Deecember Fig.(47) Represents Sun Path at months June & December.
Fig.(49) Represents Sun Shadow in June.
Sum mer
W inter
Night
00:00—03:19
00:00—05:29
Astronomical twilight
03:19—03:56
05:29—05:59
Nautical twilight
03:56—04:30
05:59—06:29
Civil twilight
04:30—04:57
06:29—06:56
Sunrise
04:57—05:01
06:55—06:59
Daylight
05:01—19:06
06:59—17:00
Sunset
19:06—19:08
17:00—17:02
Civil twilight
19:08—19:36
17:02—17:30
Nautical twilight
19:36—20:10
17:30—18:00
Astronomical twilight
20:10—20:47
18:00—18:30
Night
20:47—00:00
18:30—00:00
Fig.(48) Represents Comaprison Between Summer & Winter Times.
Fig.(50) Represents Sun Shadow in December.
2.Day-Length:
Fig.(51) Represents Day-lenght in Summer.
Fig.(52) Represents Day-length in Winter.
35
Fish Processing & Trading Conclusion:
The SunPath of the following two months - JUNE and DECEMBER - , in the summer the day time is longer than the winter , also the sun shadow during the 2 months occurs in the north and east directions , the sun rays differs every month of the year and that will effect the building orientation and the orientation of different spaces according to their need to sunrays or sun shadow and the time of sun rise and sunset also will effect the building from its natural lighting and enviromental studies of the building.
Fig.(53) Represents Day-lenght in Summer.
3.Average Temperature:
Fig.(54) Represents Temprature Diagram.
Conclusion: From the Following table we found that the hottest month - Max. temperature month - is August month with average temperature 26.3 degree celsius and with average sea temperature 26 degree celsius , also the coldest month - Min. temperature month - is Januray month with averrage temperature 13.4 degree celsius and with average sea temperature 17 degree celsius .
3.Average Rain Amount:
Fig.(55) Represents Amount of rain
36
Al-Max 4.Wind Rose:
Fig.(56) Represents Wind Rose in Summer
Fig.(57) Represents Wind Rose in Winter
The wind in Al-Max area is somehow similar to Alexandria over all , the wind direction in the summer is mainly in the north west side and it is a gental wind with tiny waves that become harder in the nearest months to the winter , also the wind direction in the winter is Pure North , North east and South west and the wind is usually very strong with violent wind that leads to huge waves and sometimes storms .
4.Summarized Analysis:
Conclusion: * The nearest climate to Alexandria is Tubuai , French Polynesia and the climat is Tropical wet climate . * The average of temperature per month vary by 12.9 degree celsius. * The total annual Precipitation avareges 189mm. * The mean temperature per year is 20 degree celsius. * There are 3594 sunny hours per year. 37
Fish Processing & Trading Services:
Conclusion: Lack of services; Health, Transportation, Public spaces & Markets. 38
Al-Max
SWOT Analysis:
Strengths: - It is Characterized by fish wealth. -Al Max has its own identity, Which is the relation between their work and their settlements. -The port revive the social and economic situation of the site. -Located directly on The Mediterranean Sea,which gives it a specific view.
Represents Fish Wealth.
Represents Mediterranean View.
Represents Their Own Identity.
Represents Mahmoudiya View.
Represents The Port.
39
Fish Processing & Trading Weaknesses: -Military zone affect the privacy, -Pollution caused by the factories,They throw their wastes in the canal. -Informal settlements, built by the citizens by traditional materials -Lack of infrastructure, because the settlements not supported from the government.
Represents Factories Pollutions.
Represents Lack of Infrastructure.
Represents Informal Settlements.
Represents Military Zone.
40
Al-Max Opportunities: -The people have a main craft “fishing craft�.
Represents Fishing Craft.
Threats: - Global warming effect the sea level, when it raises up it will destroy everything near the sea. -Pollution caused by the factories. -Removing of the residential areas.Citizens refuse to live their own places . -Preventing the fishing 3 months per year. Represents Global Warming.
Represents Factory pollution.
Represents Sea level at the 3 Months.
RepresentsResidential Area.
41
Al-Max
Chapter III Al Max Common Problems:
Project Selection
Common Problems
1-No medical care for all the region , only the nearest one is on 5 km distance and it is private hospital so they cannot benefit from it. The other supported one is about 60 km. 2-The social level isnot qualified for any interaction to serve and connect their surround community. 3-There is limited opportunities for earn money only from fishing and this is a way that government press them by it. 4-There is no infrastructure.Wastewater flows into the water of the Max area. 5-There is a pollution because of the surround factories & Petrochemical companies. 43
Fish Processing & Trading literature Review “Human development approach focuses on improving the lives people lead rather than exercising that economic growth will lead , automatically, to greater opportunities for all. Income growth is an important means to development , rather than an end in itself “(UNDP , Human Development Report , 2015 , CH. 2 ). Here mention that the economic aspect shouldn’t be the main target to reach the goal of human development , but the mean should be reaching and developing their life and also working on the social and intellectual aspects .
“Community development can be understood as a planned effort to build assets that increase the capacity of residents to improve their quality of life. These assets may include several forms of community capital : physical, human, social, financial, environmental, political and cultural. “ (Asset Building and Community Development , Green, G. and Haines , 2008 , 2nd version ) .
Revolution on the current living standard of the people will experience the cultural, intellectual and social growth as a result of the effort in all project activities together .
“Every single person has capacities, abilities and gifts. Living a good ife depends on which those capacities can be used, abilities expressed and gifts given “ ( Introduction to Asset-Mapping , Kretzmann and McKnight , 2003 , Page 1 ) It was noticed that each person has the abilities and talents that can be worked on and exploited in the right way . Here, it is clear that the sources that we can depend on in the connmmunity as a strong source for the construction of the project and its establishment is the human resource and its developmnent and give it the opportunity is a quantumn leap and stimulate this source .
“Creative tools can strengthen the understanding and exploration of connmmunity values... Creative tools can better engage people in community and urban design projects.” (Arts and culture briefing , 2011 , Paper 01 ) The creative tools are main focal point that affect the whole procees of the intellectual development process.
Conclusion : The main concept of these quotes concentrating on the main role of process (community development) which is culture level raising and representing the huge range of activities as the concept of the project to reach goal . 44
Al-Max Problem Statement: “Poor Income And Lack Of Awareness In El-Max Is A Key Factor Affecting Social Aspects And Inhabitants Life Basics. Economic Development Depends On Opportunities Diversity, Then Intellectual Development Comes As A Product Of The Development Process”
Problem Missions: Raising up economical situation of Al Max’s inhabitnats. Improve intellectual aspect for the inhabitants.
Spreading awareness of the usage of EL MAX resources.
Problem Objectives: Improveing their fishing craft by sessions to enlarge their productivity.
Providing new opportunities by insert new industry related to their heritage & environment ( fish processing). Working on their intellectual aspect by spreading awareness in educational zone (studioes & lecture halls).
Marketing their products & providing outlets.
Project Target:
Employees Mainly targeting youth as new industry employers(Fish processing). As secondary target we target already fisher men to improve their craft skills.
Educational Targeting youth to give them new industry techniques. Mainly targeting both womens & kids as spreading social and intellectual awareness. 45
Al-Max
Chapter IV
Connected To Community
Site Selection
Selection Criteria
Located Far From Factories
Accessible From Main Road
Located to Mediterranean sea or Mahmoudiya Canal
Area
Fig.(58) Represents The 3 Choosen Sites.
Reasons
Site I
Connected to community
Not Connected to community
Site II
Site III
Connected to community
Not Connected to community
Located to Located to Mediterranean sea or Mediterranean sea Mahmoudiyah Canal.
Located to Mahmoudiyah Canal
Not Located to Mediterranean sea or Mahmoudyah canal
Accessibility from main roads.
Has Accessibility from main roads.
No Accessibility from main roads.
Has Accessibility from main roads.
Located to factories
Not Located to factories
Located to factories
Located to factories
Area 22.000
Area 18.000
Area 19.000
Area
47
Fish Processing & Trading Choosen Site: Site (I): Strenght:
-Site located on main road. -Easy accessible site. -The site is located far away factories.
Weakness:
-Located near military zone. -Doesn’t connected directly to the community.
Opportunities:
-Located to Mediterranean sea. -Near the new boat side ( strong point to awur project function).
Threats:
-Sea level will increasing in the coming years.
Fig.(59) Represents Site I on the Map.
Site Surroundings:
Fig.(60) Represents Site I Surroundings.
48
Al-Max Site I Road Hierarchy:
Fig.(61) Represents Site I Road Hierarchy.
Site I Accessibility:
Fig.(62) Represents Site I Accessibility.
49
Fish Processing & Trading Site (II): Strenght:
-Located directly to al mahmoudia canal. -Connected directly to community.
Weakness:
-Accessibility from secondary street Located near factories
Opportunities:
-Located near the fishermen old houses will keep the identity of the place.
Threats:
-Air pollution from factories Pollution from Al Mahmoudia Canal.
Fig.(63) Represents Site II on the Map.
Site Surroundings:
Fig.(64) Represents Site II Accessibility.
50
Al-Max Site II Road Hierarchy:
Fig.(65) Represents Site II Road Hierarchy.
Site II Accessibility:
Fig.(66) Represents Site II Accessibility.
51
Fish Processing & Trading Site (III): Strenght:
-Site located on main streeteasy accessible site. -THe Site located to the Mediterranean sea.
Weakness:
-Located near factories. -Doesn’t connected directly to the community.
Opportunities:
-Located to Mediterranean sea. -Near al max light house.
Threats:
-Air pollution from factories. Fig.(67) Represents Site III on the Map.
Site Surroundings:
Fig.(68) Represents Site III Surroundings.
52
Al-Max Site III Road Hierarchy:
Fig.(69) Represents Site III Road Hierarchy.
Site III Accessibility:
Fig.(70) Represents Site III Accessibility.
53
Al-Max
Chapter V Design Issues :
Case Studies
It is any question , matter , topic or satuation that should be solved in the design in order to make the project successful for the users Fig.(71) Represents Plan Circulation.
Fig.(72) Represents Circulaton Types.
1- Circulation Communication among different spaces and between the exterior and the interior by openings alone in the simplest plans, but most buildings require distinct spaces allotted to horizontal and vertical circulation ( corridors, lobbies, stairs, ramps, elevators, etc. )
2 - Comfort
Comfort consists of psychological and physical matters that affect the human being
Fig.(73) Represents Comfrot.
3- Interaction
Interaction between user behavior & the space use which will have a maximum and optimum adaptation with all factors . Fig.(74) Represents Interaction Example.
4- Security
To protect the building from all danger that can affect it.
5- Flexibility
The spaces of the project should be flexibly designed in order to be easily modified and serve different functions and remain with the same value Fig.(75) Represents Flexibility Examples.
55
Fish Processing & Trading 6- Image
The feeling or importance that the perceiver gets from the outer surface and building’s for, that indicate the character or message of the building Fig.(76) Represents Image.
7- Durability
It is the relation between time and architecture depending on people than architecture
Fig.(77) Represents Durable Buildings.
8- Economy
The outcome of selling crafts’ products and the visitors of the project will fund economic sustainability for the project
Fig.(78) Represents Economy Diagram.
9- Mood
It is the action of person take toward space ,materials ,color , lighting ,building in order to release the mood . Fig.(79) Represents The Mood .
10 - Personalization
It’s the forms , details and functions of a building that feeds all your emotions and all of these come together to make a unique personality to the building . Fig.(80) Represents Personalization Equation.
11 - Legibilty
Fig.(81) Represents Legability Main Point .
Kevin Lynch suggests that this is one of the requisite components of the city’s landscape, especially in specific cases where environments are of immeasurable scale, not only in terms of area, but also in terms of “time and complexity”. 56
Al-Max
1- Circulation GENERAL DEFINITION : The movement of something or someone from one space to another space
ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION : The link betweenthe internal space -zones- of any building and the external spaces , also between spaces vertically and horizontally .
Horizontal Circulation :
Vertical Circulation :
Corridors in buildings accessed by members of the public should have a recommended clear width of 2000mm, to enable people To move in both directions and pass each other with ease.
Stairs should be clearly visible and easy to identify. Stairs should be safe and easy for everyone to use.
57
Fish Processing & Trading The configuration of the path (axis) is the way the spaces are laid out. They can be linear, radial, spiral, grid.
Ramps can provide an effective means of overcoming changes in level within a building , Ramps that travel from one storey to another are at present generally only found in large Public buildings such as museums, airport terminals, or shopping centers.
Every building entrance should be easy to locate and clearly distinguishable from the rest of the building. An entrance lobby that is, a lobby with an outer and inner door arrangement – is common practice in many buildings, and is often required for security or environmental reasons.
Escalators make vertical travel between stores quick and easy for many building users and are a common sight in large buildings, such as, shopping centres, airports, railway stations, and some office atria.
A passenger lift is generally the most convenient method of travelling between storeys in a building for people who cannot, or prefer not to, use the stairs
58
Al-Max Circulation shapes OPEN ON BOTH SIDES forming a
passagers that become a physical extention of the place it passes throught Pass by a space
Circulation patterns
Losses between solid and void
59
Fish Processing & Trading
Case Studies Circulation
60
Al-Max 2- Comfort GENERAL DEFINITION : A condition of physical simplicity and opportunity from pain or constraints
ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION : Method of the designof the building to build from modeling to reduce energy consumption , also increase thr advantage of improved thermal comfort otained . Consideration of architectural design as a passive design should have an excellent exscution of the construction - in comfort and energy use wording - and it is not complicated , low usage cost and low usage of mechanical system
Passive design Lighting also reduces the need for electric lighting requirements also helps bright and proftable indoor environment. Passive heating building windows configuration determines what building materials can learn more at holding down the solar heat consider a decent protective envelope lose undesirable heat . There is a passive coolind shading devices to ensure overheated building . Before the sun shades on the outside to keep in line with the envelope of the building interior spaces do permit the sun to get through the window . Passive ventilation passes on their use by the inflow of fresh air from outside while the advantages of the airflow pattern and design of building according to them .
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Fish Processing & Trading 3- Interaction GENERAL DEFINITION : Equality of activity or influence
ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION : Intaraction of two or more objects such cases an activity has occurred in one impact
4- Security GENERAL DEFINITION : The condition of being free from danger or risk
ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION : Security buiding for the necessities of life including in certain potentaily dangerous situation or enviroments bundled with a security plan . It also pointed out when and where the application of security controls . Configuration process in generally repetive . ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY examines threats posed by environmental events and trends to individuals, communities or nations. It may focus on the impact of human conflict and international relations on the environment, or on how environmental problems cross state borders. FOOD SECURITY is a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals’ access to it. There is evidence of granaries being in use over 10,000 years ago, with central authorities in civilizations including ancient China and ancient Egypt being known to release food from storage in times of famine. At the 1974 World Food Conference the term “food security” was defined with an emphasis on supply. Food security, they said, is the “availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices”. Later definitions added demand and access issues to the definition. The final report of the 1996 World Food Summit states that food security “exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”
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Al-Max SOCIAL SECURITY is “any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income.” Social security is enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality. PUBLIC SECURITY is the function of governments which ensures the protection of citizens, persons in their territory, organizations, and institutions against threats to their well-being – and to the prosperity of their communities. To meet the increasing challenges in the public security area, responsible public institutions and organisations can tap into their own intelligence to successfully address possible threats in advance. They optimise their internal structures, use synergies, and carefully balance costs and benefits of their measures. PUBLIC SAFETY ORGANIZATIONS include Law Enforcement, Fire Services, and Emergency Medical Services. The public safety issues a municipality, county, state, or federal jurisdiction might grapple with include narcotic use, trespassing, burglary, harassment, juvenile delinquency, unauthorized living, noise, littering, inappropriate social behavior, inebriation, and other quality of life issues. Generally organizations are involved in the prevention of and protection from events that could endanger the safety of the general public from significant danger, injury, or property damage, such as crimes or disasters (natural or human-made). ECONOMIC SECURITY or financial security is the condition of having stable income or other resources to support a standard of living now and in the foreseeable future. It includes: probable continued solvency predictability of the future cash flow of a person or other economic entity, such as a country employment security or job security FINANCIAL SECURITY more often refers to individual and family money management and savings Economic security tends to include the broader effect of a society’s production levels and monetary support for non-working citizens. INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY is the security provided to protect infrastructure, especially critical infrastructure, such as airports, highways rail transport, hospitals, bridges, transport hubs, network communications, media, the electricity grid, dams, power plants, seaports, oil refineries, and water systems. Infrastructure security seeks to limit vulnerability of these structures and systems to sabotage, terrorism, and contamination.
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Fish Processing & Trading 5- Flexibility GENERAL DEFINITION : The nature of effortlessly bend without breaking
ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION : The vision of how understandable and clear of any building measure and measurement of solid connection and adaptation projects gaze accept different cases ADAPTABLE. adaptable structures features repositionable partitions or are changeable per user/occupant UNIVERSAL. what typifies a universally flexible building is its ease of adaptation per use. these buildings are often characterized by open floor plans and Typology free design MOVABLE. movable flexible buildings consist of relocatable or repositionable structures or buildings capable of being torn down and reassembled in anothEr location TRANSFORMABLE. characterized by modular design (capable of adding or removing units or components) transformable structures can also open and close, change form, or change color. RESPONSIVE. responsive buildings can respond to a number of external stimuli, including, but not limited to, energy/environment, interaction, usage, or occupation
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Al-Max 6- Image GENERAL DEFINITION : The general impression or concept that an individual building or object presents to the public
ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION : It is the main vision of any project at the earlyphases of the development providing an early message describing the identity and methodolgy .
7- Durability GENERAL DEFINITION Assurance or probability that an equipment , masheine or materials will have a relatively long continous useful life without requiring an inordinate degree or maintaince
ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION : Durability in architecture reoresentd the relationships between architecture and time depending on people than architecture
8- Economy ARCHITECTURE DEFINITION : The outcome of selling crafts’ products and the visitors of the project will fund economic sustainability for the project
65
Fish Processing & Trading Case Studies: Fish market in Bergen
Architects: Eder Biesel Arkitekter Location: Strandkaien 3, 5013 Bergen, Norway Area: 4260.0 sqm Project Year: 2012
Concept:
Fig.(82) Represents Market 3D.
Their concept does not aim to create interior space for th fish markert,but provided a climatizing protection for the place, that makes limits between the market site and the market hall. The space is not divided. The floated volume is a roof creates the protected part of the market. Also they used flexiable glass facade to make shelters towards wind and weather. (Fig.(83) Fig.(83) Represents Concept Diagram.
Modern Architecture Elements
Open Facads
Fig.(84) Represents Building Requirments.
Facade Studies:
Contemprary facade vise historical facad Fig.(85) Represents Building Facade.
Fig.(86) Represents Market layout.
66
Al-Max
Context Studies: Nodes and Landmarks :
Nodes Landmarks
Paths and Edges
Primary Roads Secondary Roads Tertiary roads
Fig.(87) Represents Market Surroundings.
Fig.(88) Represents Paths and Edges.
Form :
Position and accessibilty :
Fig.(89) Represents Market Form.
Fig.(90) Represents Accessibility.
Design Issues :
Circulation Fig.(91) Represents Market Circulation.
Comfort Fig.(92) Represents Comfrot. 67
Fish Processing & Trading Plans :
Fig.(94) Represents Relation Between 1st & Ground Floors.
Sections : Fig.(93) Represents Ground Floor.
Fig.(95) Represents First Floor.
Elevations :
Fig.(96) Represents Sections Analysis.
Materials used :
Fig.(89) Represents Open Facads.
Fig.(97) Represents 3 Elevations.
Fig.(100) Represents Window Material.
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Al-Max 2- Aquaponic Pavilion
FIRM : Pentagrama TYPE : Commercial › Exhibition Center Cultural › Pavilion Educational › Auditorium Other Industrial › Farm Laboratory STATUS : Concept SIZE : 25,000 sqft - 100,000 sqft BUDGET : $10M - 50M
Concept:
Agricultural pavilion complementary to an exiting market on a strategic area , focus of the country and the main proplem of the place is the absence of foor production because of the poor soil
Fig.(101) Represents Building 3D Shot.
Fig.(102) Represents Concept Diagram.
Fig.(103) Represents Project Target.
Zoning:
Fig.(104) Represents Project Zoning.
Fig.(105) Represents Restaurant 3D.
Fig.(106) Represents Open Space 3D.
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Fish Processing & Trading Architecture Plan:
Fig.(107) Represents Ground Floor Plan.
Sections :
Fig.(108) Represents Cross Section.
Fig.(109) Represents Longitudinal Section.
Fig.(110) Represents 3D Shots.
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Design Issues:
Al-Max
Comfort
Fig.(111) Represents Comfrot Issue.
Circulation :
Fig.(112) Represents Circulation Issue.
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Fish Processing & Trading 3- Museum of Handcraft Paper
Architects : TAO - Trace Architecture Office Location :Tengchong, Baoshan, Yunnan, China Site Area : 300 m2 Client : Committee of Gaoligong Museum of Handcraft Paper Area : 361.0 m2 Project Year : 2010
Fig.(113) Represents 3D Shot.
Masses that represents the different levels of the building to provid the sence of surprise in design
Concept
The museum was dedicated to historical art in china of papermaking. The building is like a small village and has traditional geometeries and materials.
Ground Floor Plan and Circulation design issue
Fig.(114) Represents Concept Inspiration.
First Floor Plan
Internal spaces
Connection
Extrenal Spaces
Double height
Fig.(115) Represents project Design Issues.
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Al-Max Second Floor Plan
Roof Floor Plan
Fig.(116) Represents Second Floor Plan.
Fig.(117) Represents Roof Floor Plan.
Masses Model
Structure Model
Final Model
Ridge
Geometery made by the plan and zones more than 3 connection points can be found by the lines Fig.(118)
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Fish Processing & Trading 4-Tanmen Oceanic Fishing Cultural Center andMuseum Proposal Architects: Office for Architectural Cultural (OAC) Location: Tanmen, China Area: 650,000 sqm Project Year: 2013 (Still underconstruction) Represents Fishing Cultural Center overall view
Project Requirments: -Fishermen’s Culture Museum (11,500 m2) (including a new museum buildings and a number of historic village buildings) -Old Fishing Vessel Museum (4,500 m2)- Fishing Cultural Research Center / Sea Ceramic Museum (1,300 m2) -Oceanic Fishing Cultural Museum / International Oceanic -Fishing Culture Exchange & Conference Center (10,200 m2 floor area, adjacent to a Mazu Plaza and amphitheatre for performances)
Represents Fishermen’s Cultural Museum
Represents Old Fishing Vessel Museum
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Al-Max Regional Case Studies: 5-Deira Fish Market, Dubai Architects: Dubai Municipality Location: Deira , Dubai Area: 3,000 square meters Project Year: launched in February 2013 (Under construction)
Project Components: -The market will follow the city’s new Green Building Code -The Fish Market will not only be a place to buy goods, but will become a bridge between the past and the present -The fish market will include 770 underground parking spaces, in addition to 700 outdoor parking spaces. -The second phase consists of a marine package and that includes a walkway. -A key wall will also be constructed at a length of 600 metres, and that is what will separate the water and the land. -One of the major features of the fish market as it will have a capacity of 65 boats, enabling them to load and unload their fish.
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Fish Processing & Trading 6-The new King Abdullah II House of Culture & Art Location :Amman in jordan designed by: Zaha Hadid and Patrik Schumacher Architects. Structural Consultants: Dar Al-Handasah, Beirut Project Year: 2008
Project brief: A performing arts and cultural center that includes a 1600-seat concert theatre, 400-seat theatre, educational center, rehearsal rooms, and galleries.
Concept: The architectural expression for the new performing arts center has been inspired by the uniquely beautiful monument of Petra.
Site Analysis:
76
Al-Max Architectural Analysis: 1-Main Theatre 2-Ticket Hall 3-Atrium Void 4-Grand Stair 5-Learning Center 6-Main Entrance 7-Loading Access 8-Open Amphitheatre 9-Public Drop Off
6 3 7
8
5 4
1
Zoning:
Ground floor plan :
Section: 1-Entrance 2-Central Lobby 3-Main Theatre 4-Auditorium 5-Restaurant 6-Rehearsal Room
Design Issues:
Interaction :the building design to interact in the middle of project to meet all the culture 77
Fish Processing & Trading Local Case Studies : 7-Luxor Cultural Center: Architect: Hassan Fathy Location: Luxor, Egypt Project Year: 1970
Concept: This building contains several concepts. The main concept for the building section was using natural ventilation, by wind catchers. And using cross ventilation like the guest room of “kama village”. Also using the concept of pharaonic floor plans such as the house of “Amama Hill” the 18th family. In addition, he used the style of “Neb Amoun’s House” of 19th century leading to the final design.
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Al-Max Section and Elevation: The Section shows comparison between the interior of the closed theatre and the interior of the library in furniture, openings, levels and heights (Fig()). While the elevation shows the skyline of the building and roofing system, which highlight the combination between flat roofs, domes repetition and wind catchers. Also display the different types of openings between rectangular and circular arches, and showing wooden elements such as Mashrabya windows for the closed theatre .
Skyline: The Skyline asserts the surrounding urban skyline, also asserts the image of the Egyptian culture. The heights of the buildings affects human psychology by making them feel the authenticity of Egyptian history. Using domes and wind catchers representing the Islamic architecture .
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Fish Processing & Trading Master Plan: 1-Mosque 2-Lecture Hall 3-Library 4-Art Gallery 5-Drawing Studios 6-Workshops 7-Children Zone 8-Closed Theatre 9-Open Theatre 10-Garage
Design Issues: Circulation and Flexibility:
Flexible movements through spaces because of well defined main paths, spines and nodes. But the flexibility is limited in spaces of the zones in floor plan. It is difficult to switch between activities and spaces because each space is specified for a special activity
Economy:
No need to use electrical devices or artificial elements, because it is totally ventilated naturally through wind catchers and clear storey windows creating well air cross circulation through the building.
80
Al-Max
Personalization and Image:
The project carries the character of the ancient Egyptian elevations and floor plans which gave the building a special architecture character and reflect ancient Egyptian culture to visitors.
81
Chapter VI Guide Lines:
Al-Max
Project Data
- Fish Processing 1- Basic shape : Most of the fishing markets are only one story 2- Floors : Floors must be hard covering , easily wased , resistant to attack, weak ammonia, fish oil and offal- Fish working floor surfaces should be well drained and not allow the formation of water pools. A slope of 1:100 is usually sufficient for drainage but should not be greater than 1:40 which can be dangerous 3- Drain : - Three drainage systems should be provided, one for domestic foul sewage, for storm water and surface drains, and the main drainage system for handling liquid wastes. 4- Walls, ceilings and fittings : Easily cleanable. Walls should be smooth and waterproof and ideally surfaced with ceramic tiles to a height of at least 1 m. Pipe runs and electrical cables should be recessed into the wall or boxed in. 5- Lighting : Light bulbs and fixtures located in areas where there is exposed food or packaging materials should be of a safe type.
- Fish Market 1- Basic shape : Most of the fishing markets are only one story , or with offices in the upper story , attention should be paid to product and materials handling; a through-flow design often being the simplest and most economical to operate. Fish markets for example are often long narrow structures running the length of and a short distance from the quay.
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Fish Processing & Trading - Reception and lobby Should be spacious to fit the number of users with good secuirty - Workshops Should be located away from the main streets , should have a service road and away from the lecture halls with low sill height and high tilting window for ventilation and lighting - Lecture Halls should be oriented toward the north direction for natural lighting and natural ventilationand it should not be too wide or too narrow - Escape Signs and Maps Should be located every whereand The maximum distance of the fire escape routes 45m - Stairs Should be wide enough to accommodate the users - Door Should open outward for emergency cases
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Al-Max Space Program:
Fish Processing Zone (3500 m2)
Project Total Area (6,500 m2)
Crafts Zone (1000 m2)
Main Component
Zones
Fish Processing
Crafts zone
•
• 1 • 3 • 2-4
• 300 m2 • 150m2 • 200m2
• 6-8 • 2 • 2
• 50m2
• Workshop(boats) • Workshop(fishing tools) • Storage • toilets
• 2-4 • 2-4
• 150m2 • 80m2
• 3-5 • 2
• 80m2 • 40m2
• • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
Head of project office Office Financial office Archive Open waiting offices area toilets
Management Zone (500 m2)
Description
Area
NO
8-10 4-6 2 1 2
Targeting youth trained workers.
• 40m2
40m2 80m2 120m2 100-150m2 40m2
Targeting youth trained workers. • • •
• Café & restaurant • toilets
Shops & Restaurants Zone
Shops & Restaurants Zone (500 m2)
• Sorting zone (W.S) • Cleaning zone (WS) • Cutting & packaging(W.S) • Storage • Boat Quay • toilets
Classrooms Studios M.P.U Out door activity area • toilets
Training & educational zone
Management zone
Training & Education Zone (1000 m2)
• 6 • 2
• 200m2 • 40m2
•
1
•
80 m2
• • • •
4 2 1 1
• • • •
40 m2 40m2 25 m2 80m2
•
2
•
40m2
Targeting kids to improve skills. Targeting ladies and girls. Targeting youth trainee Targeting visitors
85
Fish Processing & Trading Standard Dimensions Boats Workshops
Multistory structures are not proper for generation territories. Transcendent structures composes have steel outlines with fortified concrete and metal or timber cladding. Dividers and top of substantial assembling units ought to have great warmth and sound protection. Additionally normal lighting from above is conceivable. Space Prerequisites : ( For cases appeared) A normal 70 - 80 m2 for each worker (without open store rooms). The game plan of machines is resolved by the arrangements of operation
Fig.(119) Represents Boat Workshop Example Plan and Section From Neufert.
86
Al-Max Fish Processing Workshops On Ground floor region of 4500 m2, Fish items are made (around 25 tons for each day). Workplaces, research facilities, flask, kitchen, wash and changing rooms are on the principal floor. Distinctive kinds of rooms require diverse temperatures. Social rooms, workplaces, WC 20 C ; preparing rooms 18 C ; ventilated rooms 14-18 C ; cool rooms 10-12 C ;chilly rooms 0-8 C ; profound coolers rooms - 20 C. An exclusive expectation of structure and materials is basic and all wellbeing directions ought to be fulfilled.
Fig.(120) Represents Fish Processing Workshop Example Plans and Section.
87
Fish Processing & Trading Classes: Space prerequisites: The classroom for customary showing 2 m2/Student, for educating in sets 3 m2/Understudy. For open arrangement educating 4.5 m2/Place . Standard room shape: Rectangular or square (12x20 , 12x16 , 12x12 , 12x10) with a maximum room profundity 7.2 m. It is conceivable to have windows on one side as it were.
Fig.(121) Represents Samples For Teaching Classes From Neufert.
Offices:
Fig.(122) Represents Samples For Single Offices From Neufert.
88
Al-Max
Fig.(123) Represents Samples For Manager Offices and Meeting Rooms From Neufert.
89
Fish Processing & Trading Restaurants: - Restaurnats must accomplish agreeable space to eat easily. - Each individual need a table territory of around 40 cm profound and 60 cm wide. - An eating table measurements general 80-85 cm. Round tables with six or eight sides it’s breadth 90-120 cm, this is perfect for four individuals and can take additional two more dinners .
Fig.(124) Represents Samples For Dining Tables From Neufert.
Fig.(125) Represents Space Required For Diners From Neufert.
90
Al-Max Shops: - Customers pick their own goods from the shelf units which should not be higher than 1.8 m and not lower than 0.3 m above floor level. - Circulation and paths is so critical,and attention in larger shops should be paid. -The shop should begin by the trolley or baskets picked up then ended by the Casher area.
Fig.(126) Represents Samples Of Shops From Neufert.
Fig.(127) Represents Samples Of Shops From Neufert.
91
Fish Processing & Trading Display Areas: -Display areas have alot of properties in common and same concers. -Objects displayed are divided into objects for study and others for display. -Create secure spaces to keep the valuable items safe from damage or theft. -Try to have indirect sunlight into the spaces and avoid dust access. -Make an easy floor plan for easy way finding and easy path ways to reach displayed items without effort -Normal human vision angle from eye level is 27 degrees while standing. -Well lit pictures should be out away 10 m.
Fig.(128) Represents Samples Of Areas lighting From Neufert.
92
Fish Processing & Trading Chapter VII
Sustainability
Definition Sustainabilty:
‘’The development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations by protecting the environmental quality and safeguarding ecosystems by non polluting ways of waste disposal which are faster than their production, economic sustainability by having organizations that maximize the economic output and improve the welfare of the people and helps in poverty alleviation and social integration.” Prasad and Bansal, 2015
Parameters Of Sustainability : 1. Energy : Efficiency ,Conservation, Clean generations / renewable energy 2. Water: Conservation Storm water, Waste water 3. Land use planning :Smart Growth, Ecologically sensitive zoning 4. Pollution Reduction: Air pollution prevention, Removal of lead and asbestos 5.Food -Local agriculture: Farmer market, Community garden Fig.(129)Represent The Strategies Of Sustainable Building 6. Waste–Recycling: Composting, E-waste recycling, Solid waste reduction Green infra7. Green Infrastructure: Trees planting, Green structure roofs, Strom water management, Land/ habitat water conservation 8. Transportation /Accessibility: Bicycle programs, Pedestrian programs, Reducing car use, land use Enhancing Public transit planning
waste recycling Fig.(130) Showing The Parameters Of Sustainability
94
Al-Max
Recycling Material:
Environmental:
waste
water Supply and Surface Water Disposal
Cork is a new materiel used in the world flooring. thats usually seen it on walls or in wine bottles, which is a good material on the floors. Cork is comes from the forests of the Mediterranean that harvest from the cork oak tree that founded their . Material of cork used to resistance the fire , anti_microbial and easier to maintain. Used like wood variety in finishing by paint , color scheme and design style .
Energy
Construction Materials
Energy consumption reduced& lighting energy saved in Watercube in China
Fig.(131) Cladding By Bubble To Get More Lighting Than Glass and That Cleans Itself With The Rains Like a Shower.
Fig.(132) Enter The Event To Get See The View Inside The Building To Discover and Enjoy
Ethyl tetrofluoroethylene (ETFE) used in the faรงade . The weights of glass material was only 1% and insulator thermal is better in this case , The range of enclosed solar energy is about 20% and also used for heating. Due to beijing has water shortage, rethinking how to make suffering from it to positive way, with focal in water conservation that a main point in philosophical design arup. the company proposed to recycle and reusing a large percentage of water about 80% that collected from backwash systems, water placement areas and overland flows.
Environmental Benefits: The main purpose to use sustainable enviromental which is waste reduction that help the environment , Improve air and water , Recycling &reuse water , can control the temprature . Finally, protect the Ecosystem. 95
Fish Processing & Trading Economic: Development Economic Sustanability require to maintenance of healthy markets which help the human beings to increase the fincial .
Fig.(133).Showing The Economic By Recycling Water & Solar Energy
Building Sustainability can benefit from it in long the building lifetimes , Reduce the air pollution , decrease the cost of infrastructure and has ability to attract out side employees to work inside it .
Economic Benefits:
One of main Sustainable is Economic that benefit from it by Improving the life cycle of the building this point will occure less in cost to maintiance of the building , Increase the productivity and more in income will occure.
96
Al-Max Social: Development the Social by improve maintenance of quality of life (QOL) for human beings and communities.
Fig.(134). Workers packing fish products in china
Fig.(135).Represent Fish Marketing In Bergn
Fig.(136) Represent fish marketing in bergn that located to the sea interact with the environmental .
Improve the social by interact between each other through fish marketing , the visiable view to feel comfort with the sociaty that play a big role to identify the behavior toward the project.
Social Benefits: Social sustainability require to improve environment quality that interact with human beings that the main point effect on social which is improve the mood and comfort side , in other hand increase the awarness of people that get higher in productivity , then also improve the healthy , finally will care about the environment .
97
Al-Max
Chapter VIII
Individual Works
“Ahmed Kamel Okasha’’ “Low cultural level of inhabitants is the main problem affecting the other basics of living.”
Mission:
As a result of what was targeted in the project such as the cultural and intellectual part and the tourist side as well. Then we have reached a full development level in all aspects certainly affects the Development by Community.
Objectives: -Spread the cultural awareness in the area as a basic step to achieve goals of the project -Creative activities and methods will be used, social aspect of life will be activated and community values will be revealed -Mainly target youth and new generation as a basic for a future, for this community -Mainly social & cultural aspect of the project target the youth by spreading the awareness
Technology Techniques:
Disposal of fish waste
Artificial fish ponds
99
Fish Processing & Trading Technology Techniques:
RESPONSIVE FACADE the basic Shape Of the hexagon is used to create patterns that increase the performance of the facades with angles and shading devices that are responsive to the climatic conditions
Inspirations :
100
Al-Max Concept I: “Cooperation” As in the cooperation between 4 zones Trading zone , Crafts zone , Training & educational zone and Touristic
workshops
Trading zone
Touristic educational zone Trading zone
The Sorting , Cleaning zone Cutting ,Open market space and packaging for the outside community to use in activating external tourism
workshops
the workshops for the outside community to use and help in funding of the centre
educational zone
The Classrooms , Studios , M.P.U and Out door activity area for the outside community creative activities and methods will be used
Touristic
The Exhibition , Auditorium , Café & restaurant And Bazar for the outside community to use in activating external tourism
101
Fish Processing & Trading Concept II: “Incorporation� As in the Incorporation take from tradition architecture style . The urban fabric of the chosen sites already appears to be unique , so if its well integration , it will be more flexible which offer expansion and future extension without having to tear up some blueprints
102
Al-Max Concept III: “Development by Community�
The difficulty in finding daily sustenance is the main problem affecting the inhabitants in the region. This is mainly due to cultural and intellectual poverty. This is reflected even in the lack of thinking and social development and the search for income diversity for small families. Therefore, the aim of the project should be to develop the social and cultural aspect in order to affect the main other aspects of the living.
103
Fish Processing & Trading ‘‘Ali Ahmed Darwish” “Lack Of Awareness and Poverty Of Al Max Inhabitants Was The Main Factors That Affecting Their Social And Economical Aspects. And Their Unawareness Of Improving Their Identity And Using Their Resources.”
Mission:
Improving The Social And Economical Aspects Of Al Max Inhabitants Depending On Developing Their Main Identity Which Is Fishing and Providing New Fishing Crafts Techniques And Improving Their Intellectual Awareness To Developing Their Community. Spreading Awareness Of The Usage Of Their Resources.
Objectives: *Social Aspects:
-Improving Their Intellectual Awareness by Providing A Cultural Zones and Activities. -Improving Their Awareness Of Recycling And Reuse Materials.
*Economical Aspects: -Improving Their Economical Aspects By Providing New Fishing Crafts Techniques To Increase Their Productivity. -Providing New Opportunities By Inserting New Industry Related To Their Heritage And Environment (Fish Processing). -Providing Outlets To Marketing Their Products.
*Cultural Aspects:
-Increasing Their Awareness Of Improving Their Identity (Fishing) And Cooperation To Develope Their Community.
104
Al-Max Concept I : “Randomness” The Urban Fabric Of The Fishermen Houses Along Al Mahmoudaya Canal And The Randomly Arrangement Of Their Building And The Height Hierarchy Gives The Fishermen Village Its Unique Character And Defined It. Respecting This Fabric In The Project Units Maintains The Identity Of The Fishermen Place And Also Make Them Feel They Belong To The Project, There Are A Harmony Between Them And The Project Components And It’s A Part Of Their Community.
Height Hierarchy
the arrangement of project units as the urban fabric of the fishermen village
Layout
Section
Using Modified Shipping Container
*The Site Located between to Main Ports Alexandria port And Al Dekhila Port Using Shipping Containers Make A Strong Relation also Empty Shipping Containers will be Affordable. *Increasing Al Max Inhabitance Their Awareness Of Recycling.
Inspiration
Image of box office providence
Image of Shipping Containers
Image of louvre abu dhabi
Image Of House From Shipping Containers
105
Fish Processing & Trading Concept II : “Integration” Inspiration Is From The Project Components : Fishing Processing Workshops ,Cultural Zones ,Training Studios , Outlets And Public Zones And Activities Areas. Fishing Processing Workshops: Improving the identity and improve new industry to the fishermen. Cultural Zones: improving their intellectual aspects. Training Workshops: providing them with new techniques to increase their productivity and provide new opportunities. Outlets:to marketing their products and increasing their income) Project Components
The Integration Of The Project Components Will React Like One Force Will Be Able To Change Al Max Inhabitant’s life. That’s Unite The Projects Targets Under The Aim Of Developing The Community From Different Aspects.
Concept Development Integration of Components
By random ineteraction between them they form a destructive geaometry creating the layout of the project
Project Layout
Inspiration
Image of royal ontario museum
Image of house in basel
image of guangzhou opera house
106
Al-Max Concept III : “Connectivity” Inspiration From Al Mahmoudaya Canal Which Was The Main Source Of Al Max Inhabitants Identity (the Fishing Crafts), Al Mahmoudya Canal Connect Between Generation And Other By This Identity. So The Fishermen Village Settle Along Al Mahmoudaya Canal. From This Concept, Our Project Is A Flow To Revival The Fishing Identity In Al Max. A Bridge Connect Between The Past (Old Fishing Crafts And Techniques) And The Future (Fishing Processing And New Fishing Techniques And Crafts). This New Techniques and Procsses Improving Their Identity And Providing New opportunites and Fishing Crafts Industryn Not For Fishermen Only. Which Make Al Max Area A Great Tradational Area Along The Cost.
Creating Artificial Fish Ponds As Fishing Was Stopped For 3 Months. Creating Ponds Inside The Site As To Avoid The Water turbelance Inside The Medeternian Sea.
Image of Site
Image ofFishing Ponds
Inspiration
Image of Fish Farming Ponds
image of Floriande Bridge
image of james joyce bridge
107
Fish Processing & Trading Sustainability Studies Environmental: -Using Dynamic shading systmes to providing Natural lighting and decreasing the solar heating energy absorbed by the other facades.
Image of Dynamic Shading
-Sea water desalination to use it in water fishing processing instead of fresh water due avoid the fresh water crisis in egypt. Image of seawater desalination
-Fishing processing wastes recycling an reuse it as pets nutrients. Image of Fishing waste machine
-Using recycled materials such as shipping containers as construction materials
Economical:
Image of Shipping Containers
-Using Solar Panels systems to generate energy to decreasing the consumption of the project and saving energy. Image of solar panels
-Providing New Fishing Techniques To Increase Their Productivity.to Improve Their Economical Aspects.
Image of Fishing Techniques
Social:
-Increasing Al Max Inhabitants Awareness to Improve Their Identity. -Cooperation between Al Max Inhabitants in the project to Developing Their Comunity.
Image of Awareness
Image of Cooperation
108
Al-Max Detailed Program
109
Fish Processing & Trading “ Beshoy Merzek Melad “ “Income growth is an important means to development , rather than an end in itself.”
Mission: Reaching to the environment development in many aspects like economical and intellectual life aspect. also targeting to improve their fishing craft and give them another industry related to it.
Objectives: 1-Improve their fishing industry by new tools and skills to raise up fishing productivity and quantity. 2-Improve also their fishing tool like boats by give opportunities to maintaining them throw workshops in the project.(For local workers). 3-Insert new industry which is (Fish Processing) from harvesting to filleting & packing. 4-Establish outlets for the project products from the process also available for the local inhabitants workers. 5-Establish session classes to learn this new industry before enroll in it also for spreading cultural and intellectual awareness.
Technologies : 1-using 3d pattern cover for the building as modern technology
2-using technology to reuse the waste of fish processing as it reused to make pet food.
Inspirings :
The Union Tank Car Company
110
Al-Max Concept I (Fabric inspiration)
Concept Statement
Concept inspired from the urban fabric around MAHMODYA canal .it functions as artery for inhabitants, all residents settle around this artery & it is the only source of livelihood. The channel also works as a artery connecting the inhabitants of the fishermen village to the sea, which acts as a heart, where their only source of livelihood fishing craft and they reach the sea through the canal and by their boats and earn their living. 3D urban fabric define the 3d form of spaces around project artery path (random heights). Also the section inspiring and complementary of the urban fabric concept and define the spaces arrangement in the project.
Arrangement of spaces in section or in plan fabric Will give users the impression that they are still in their fishermen village through the heavy use of a single artery that links them to their source of livelihood( Fish processing zone).connect this artery to the surroundings in terms of sectional, plan & 3d design.
Educational space
Outlets& restaurants Workshop
Project spaces (educational& economical)
Project artrey Fish processing Zone
111
Fish Processing & Trading concept II (Fish inspiration)
Concept Statement
The organic composition of the fish is an inspiration for the concept also the relationship between the environment and the fish. Fish are the only source of livelihood and the main component of the environment
Using the fish skeleton as main Circulation for main project facilities like (outlets ,workshops, educational zone & adminstration)
Using the fish outer scales in 2 main parts of project: first as zonning for the 3 main processing zones and their circulation. secondly as outer covering for the project 3D main concept.
Circulation for all project fish process zone Educational zone
Adminstration zone
circulation
Outlets & restaurant Workshops zone
3d building cover concept application
3d building cover concept inspiring
112
Al-Max concept III (processing inspiration)
Concept Statement
Using this logo as main project concept & linking between human activities inside the project different zones (educational, workshops & public zones) as complementary activities in the project for this environment development and fish processing main processes. Logo shows how some processes interact with human activities or the relation between economical activities & other educational or social activities. It also the shows the project target which is development for the main craft in this area.
Shows three main processes of fish industry which are: 1 1-Harvest, Bleeding & Heading. 2-Packing. 3-Filleting. 2 Relations in terms of space, sequence and requirements for 3 main processes also appear in this logo concept as zonning and 3 connection between proccesses.
Harvest,Bleeding & Heading
Packing
Fish processing zone &circulations
Filleting
Main zoning & circulation for project as the logo: processing zone as half main zone & human complementarity zone and related to each other by main circulation path for the project zonning.
Workshops Educational zone
public zone Circulation for all project
113
Fish Processing & Trading Space Program:
Main Component
Zones
Fish Processing
Crafts zone
• 1 • 3 • 2-4
• 300 m2 • 150m2 • 200m2
• 6-8 • 2 • 2
• 50m2
• Workshop(boats) • Workshop(fishing tools) • Storage • toilets
• 2-4 • 2-4
• 150m2 • 80m2
• 3-5 • 2
• 80m2 • 40m2
• • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
• Café & restaurant • toilets
Shops & Restaurants Zone •
Management zone
• Sorting zone (W.S) • Cleaning zone (WS) • Cutting & packaging(W.S) • Storage • Boat Quay • toilets
Classrooms Studios M.P.U Out door activity area • toilets
Training & educational zone
• • • • •
Area
NO
Head of project office Office Financial office Archive Open waiting offices area toilets
8-10 4-6 2 1 2
• 6 • 2
Description
Targeting youth trained workers.
• 40m2
40m2 80m2 120m2 100-150m2 40m2
• 200m2 • 40m2
•
1
•
80 m2
• • • •
4 2 1 1
• • • •
40 m2 40m2 25 m2 80m2
•
2
•
40m2
Targeting youth trained workers. • Targeting kids to improve skills. • Targeting ladies and girls. • Targeting youth trainee Targeting visitors
114
Al-Max “Fayrouz Emad El Din” Abstract:
Al Max has a specific identity and rich in many resources that are not well used. If these resources are hired with the awareness of the inhabitants, this city will move to another level.”
Mission:
Our mission is to recuperate, gather, educate and advance learning , so we offer several job opportunities to utilize the resources. This will be achieved by instructive projects, business and different activities, so we serve variable ages and genders.
Vision:
-Upgrade, strengthen and extend the existing cultural infrastructure.
Objectives: -Protect the main craft of the place and modify it.
-Support them by opening new markets to offer their products
115
Fish Processing & Trading Space Program:
Zoning:
Shops
Boat Quay Storage
Storage
Fish Processing Workshops
Auditorium Exhibition Adminstration
Restaurants
Crafts Zone
Out door Activity Area Training & Educational Zone
116
Al-Max Technological Studies : 1- Dynamic Facades: “Used for the whole building, for ventillation and daylight”. The design of the facade has enormous significance for both indoor climate and energy consumption as there are many energy-flows both ways over this boundary between the external and internal environments. The main role of the façade is to protect the indoor environment from the outdoor environment and the optimization of this function includes control of (leaving out many other functions as noise, security, etc.): -Transmit heat from inside to outside. -High utilization of passive solar gains and daylight. -Sutiable for private spaces. -Allow to see outside view. -Protect the space from outside glare. -Allows air to flow from outside and inside
Fig.(59) Represents Dynamic Facade.
Energy requirements in the building: -New buildings in the future should be nearly Zero Energy Building (ZEB). This is the strongest requirement for energy efficiency of buildings that can reduce all parts of the energy consumption.
117
Fish Processing & Trading 2- Solar Sky Tunnel: “Used in Workshops to provide daylight�. Applications: Suitable for almost any Industrial or Commercial Application where you see electric lights being operated during daylight hours. This includes applications such as Warehouses, Factories, Offices, Reception Areas, Gymnasiums, Shopping Malls and Retail Shops etc.Also it maintains the circadian rythm,reduces depression and alletives pain. Details: -3 sizes, (343mm, 457mm, 535mm diameters). -Sizes that offers more actual light area than a typical (350mm, 450mm or 550mm), tubular skylight
Fig.(59) Represents Light inside the tunnel.
118
Al-Max 3- Power Leap: “Used in Workshops to save Energy and used to produce electricity . It’s one small step for man, one giant leap for power kind. Piezoelectricity, which harnesses the energy that resonates from the vibrations of human activity, is both the art and science of POWERleap. Iker Gil interviews the founder and president Elizabeth Redmond. How does it works? Powerleap utilizes the phenomena of piezoelectricity where electricity is generated from an applied stress. Instead of utilizing mechanical displacement like what is necessary with magnetic motors and micro-turbines, piezoelectric materials allow us to harvest vibrations thereby creating a product with no moving parts.
119
Fish Processing & Trading Concept ‘I’:
“ Building as a focal point”
Concept Statement: From the views of the site and the main circulation axe that intersect at a point. This point is the focal element of the project. This is the starting point of the project components contour , So they could see this point. Site Contour
Circulation Axe View 1
Inspirations:
View 2
Site Views
Audemars Piguet Museum, Le Brassus, Switzerland, 2014
JDS Architects Propose a Spiraling Bicycle Museum for China’s Future Bike City
120
Al-Max Concept ‘I’:
“Infinity”
Concept Statement: Education and economy is endless and connected to each other. The fishermen will be developed to improve their product quality, also the new generation will learn new craft and learn how to use their resources to continue the cycle.
3D Shot Sketch
Zoning Section
Inspirations:
Workshops Zone
Touristic Zone
Training Zone
121
Fish Processing & Trading Concept ‘III’:
“Fish Skeleton”
Concept Statement: As our project is based on fishing. Also it revivals and protect their main craft ( Fishing). So the form and circulation is brought out from the fish skeleton.
Trainnig & Educational Zone
Craft Zone
Fish Processing Workshops
Adminstration
Fish Processing Workshops
Shops & Resataurants
3D Sketch:
Inspirations:
Felipe Science Museum, Switzerland, 2014
122
Al-Max “Nardine Abdelnour� ABSTRACT: El_Max has there own identity which is fisherman village & industrial that faces many problems like (infrastructure ,low awareness in the community ,lack of facilities ,high pollution ,there is no work but only in fishing.
Mission
Vision:
Mission to be the large National Trading & increase the awareness of El_Max by new training & Educational zone target youth, child and old .The main mission to Improve the Economic. The workers feeling able to accept the project with comfort mind , and also to increase the awareness. finally integrated the community with new idea and the family to be together. The vision of the project that considered to have Large number of people get job & like what will do ,Sustaniable building by water recycling of Mediterranean sea and grey water .Create positive interactive of the project with the river and create adverse environment of man and nature.
Objectives: The objective considered: Raise the income for people by more workers , Entertaitment to be more attractive , Trading must be near to the sea. the productivity increased . economic improved.
123
Fish Processing & Trading Detailed Program :
Main Component
Fish Processing
Crafts zone
Training & educational zone
Shops & Restaurants Zone
Management zone
Zones
Area
NO
• Sorting zone (W.S) • Cleaning zone (WS) • Cutting & packaging(W.S) • Storage • Boat Quay • toilets
• 1 • 3 • 2-4
• 300 m2 • 150m2 • 200m2
• 6-8 • 2 • 2
• 50m2
• Workshop(boats) • Workshop(fishing tools) • Storage • toilets
• 2-4 • 2-4
• 150m2 • 80m2
• 3-5 • 2
• 80m2 • 40m2
• • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
Classrooms Studios M.P.U Out door activity area • toilets
8-10 4-6 2 1 2
• 40m2
• • 6 • 2
•
•
1
•
80 m2
• • • •
4 2 1 1
• • • •
40 m2 40m2 25 m2 80m2
•
2
•
40m2
• • • • •
Targeting youth trained workers.
40m2 • 80m2 120m2 100-150m2 • 40m2
• Café & restaurant • toilets Head of project office Office Financial office Archive Open waiting offices area toilets
Targeting youth trained workers.
• 200m2 • 40m2
Targeting kids to improve skills. Targeting ladies and girls. Targeting youth trainee Targeting visitors
ZONNING:
124
Al-Max Concept I:
“Context & Natural ”
The Space is a natural evalution due to the integration of human interaction and natural
context .
Human beings
Natural tree Context & natural Water
Space Human can’t live without water & seeds came from tree.The 3 terms contained space
The project component will see the 3 Elements which is human being the main function that needs to appear in plaza that gathering in it , water flow that enter the project to be vision , Finally Nature by using wood ,louvers , limestone elevation materials from natural in El-Max.
This define the zonning of components.
125
Fish Processing & Trading Concept II:
“landmark Masses ”
Landmark to bond the project . Fish market is a landmark of the project & other components surrounds it .
Boats inspirit from the identity of El max with wonderfull colour.
lighthouse inspirit from large scale landmark in El max.
Complained Masses Boat & lighthouse mass
ZONNING:
Fish market
The Main landmark in Middle to interact the people from outside ,that lighthouse landmark is higher in level by that use Fish market in Middle with differnt in high to be more visiable. 1.Used as opened space . 2.Different material to be attractive . 3.Nearest to the sea to be fresh product . Surrounding componets which like boats , choosen site to be near the sea that can increase in fish product and to be more Easily in transportation that can’t need it . 126
Al-Max Concept III:
“fishtail hierarchy �
Fish is a main factor in El-max , the fishtail to be the building more free like it , which hierarchy used to discover all at lower contour in el max like mahmudiyah canal as a main good view.
Section Represent the site contour from higher point at the sea to lower point to the street , by that represent in building heirarchy to sea the mahmudya canal from far point by heirarchy.
Hierarchy with fish tale elevation
Use fish scale in facade as dynamic, that used to play in hierarchy in training and Educatinal zone with open roof for cafe , in order to view from higher level the mediterranean sea and mahmoudya canal which get fresh air with comfort and relaxation view.
127
Fish Processing & Trading Inspiration :
SUSTAINABILITY :
Sustainable effected by 3 elements that bonded to each one. Environmental Sustainability :
Fish market in the center of the country that have a special lighting and construction to attract human beings, also surrounding by shops and open spaces . this Market characteristic with good circulation .
Define as random blocks to integrate a community with plaza. this plaza used for human beings to gathering with natural phenomena . The project covered by solar panels to be efficiency for the electricity , these solar like the boats wave from the bottom.
There are the variables of environment to be sustainable by collecting rainwater ,prevent sun ray by natural to penetred the building , geothermal heat energy under ground floor and natural day light.
128
Al-Max
Economic Sustainability : waste Recycle:
Technological Studies : Kinetic Facade and shading Device (ETFE):
Reuse the fish processing by steps: 1-Harvest, Bleeding & Heading. 2-Packing. 3-Filleting. then remaining reuse as pet food like this Dynamic Facade is better figure . way to Enter the sun rays in winter to heat the space with natural light But, in summer prevent the rays and able for wind . then The The income of project increase by reuse the building will be sustainable waste of fish processing, and also by water reventilation from Facade. cycling to cleaning the fish by it . Fish skin using as a shape to(fig. be kinetic Facade. Social Sustainability :
) Fish Skin.
GREEN ROOF: the community need increase in awareness by creat plaza with natural area and water flow inside it .then the human comes in there plaza interact with each other and all the knowledge and information will exchange with each others . Used for rainwater and pevent from sunrays. represent the cross ventilation.
129
Fish Processing & Trading Fish ponds inside the Mediterranean sea:
(fig. ) fish pond .
Definition of fish farming: Aquaculture under environmental conditions and under the management of human control or in the simplest sense is underwater agriculture and the provision of appropriate environmental conditions. In mediterranean sea in al max live three monthes without fishing then can be use this fish farming to be able for fishing during every year without stop.
The machine use in fish farming .
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Al-Max “Rokaia Mohammed Mostafa” Abstract : “ Al Max is rich with many resources that are not used well also the people their have their own identity and perfectly connected to each other by Exploiting these opportunities they will be in a better condition “
The Center vision is to be an attraction point and a new land mark for El Max , in which people come to from every where to learn or purchase their products Is to recover, research, collect, preserve, interpret, teach and promote knowledge and opening new work resources Through educational programs, commercial , exhibitions and other initiatives, we engage and serve participants of varying ages, interests and walks of life. Moreover, our project poses historical and current Fishermen and El-Max citizens as a framework and foundation for thought and practice directed toward addressing the critical issues of our time. so we have to know the past and honor it; to engage the present and improve it; and to imagine a new kind of future and forge it in the most ethical, effective and expansive ways. To upgrade, strengthen and extend the existing cultural infrastructure To Protect the Fishing Craft -Main craft of the place- and modify it To Encourage learning new crafts To Support their work be opening new markets for them To Support out comers to visit the place 131
Fish Processing & Trading Inspirations :
1- Heydar Aliyev Center Fiirstly i was inspired by Heydar Aliyev Center and how it was weloming to the visitor by connecting the building with the out door plaza
2- Office Building In Istanbul The wooden solar louvars of the building in the south and west facade that perevent solar rays and bad wind from entering the building .
3- Fish market in Bergen Taking the shape of the containers and the colourful facades that welcome the visitor , That in my project could be taken from the activeties made in th fishermen village by gudran organization .
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Al-Max Concept 1 : Neuro cell “ Problems and Solutions “ Since my project will be the nerve of Al-Max area as it will serve our location and is going to be a landmark for Al-max , as its going to solve most of Al- Max problem from poverty and job opportunities and aslo culture awarness . The neuro cell consists of a center and 5 branches coming out of the branches and this center will be the problem with 5 different solutions that is supproted by the 5 main zones of the project . And by creating a centered common plaza that defined the main problem in our project and surrounding it with the buildings - 5 buildings - each building define a solution .
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Fish Processing & Trading Concept 2 : Ship Skeleton A ship or a boat is the most important for a fisherman and the main source for their food and their money so by using the shape of the boat and turning it upside down it will create a unique shape that is so welcomig for the users and the visitors of the place .
And this is going to be the final shape of a one bulding
Inspired by :
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Al-Max Concept 3 : Hand to hand “ Diversity “ People are not the same and every one of use has his own talent and this talents complete each other in an indirect way , Using this diversty and helping all people to improve their talent and creativity to connect all crafts and people together .
Making the building connected to each other and completing each other but also so different and unique from the surrounding urban fabric
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Fish Processing & Trading Concept 4 : Containers and Slums Our site is directly infront of the port and the port contains a huge number of containers that can be reuse and also can be used with its shape in a compination with the deteriorated slums of - Qaryat el sayaden - with its unique shape and colourful elevations and lime stone buildings
Both Container and slums could make a diversty from making different cubic shaps . And also recyclinng the containers and use it as a building material
Inspired by :
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Al-Max
Technical studies :
1- Recycling Containners Recycling used containers as a bulding materials and as a decoration elements and make them suitable to be used as a building in a medditerrean city
2 - Water Reuse Recycling the used water in the fishing processing phase in order to be used in this process again , also filtering the rain water to be used in the toilets and plants watering water
3- ETFE Using the ETFE material that can custmosize the percentage of solar rays that enter the place and also preventing the dangerous rays from entering in the plaza outdoor areas
3- Solar louvers Using Solar Louvers to prevent strong solar rays and bad wind to enter the building and to let the building to be one well lighted espicailly in the south and the west facade
4- Waste Recycling Recycling of the wastes from the fishing processing phase to be used as food for another animals .
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Fish Processing & Trading Space Program:
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Fish Processing & Trading Why Max ?
By Researchers
Chapter I : Historical Case Study Frihy, Omran El Sayed, et al. Environmental Earth Sciences. vol. 61, 2010, link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12665-009-0340-x. “Army Map Service.” University of Taxes Libraries, ser. P971, University of Taxes Libraries, 1959. P971. Hatem, Heba, et al. “Know Your Country - Alexandria , Al Max -.” Tadamoun, 30 Mar. 2017, www.tadamun.co/?post_type=city&p=9151#.WkzRwBt97IV. Al Arabia. Vinece El Shark Ta’rak. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fywi0PMxew. el mawso3a el 7ora. “El Mahmodia Canel.” Wikiwand, Feb. 2006, www.wikiwand.com/ar/%D8% AA%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8 %AF%D9%8A%D8%A.
Chapter II : Urban Analysis By Researchers Dr.A.J.Marsh. “Sun Path .” 3D Sun-Path, andrewmarsh.com/apps/staging/sunpath3d.html.
“SunCalc Sun Position and Sunlight Phases Calculator.” Sun Position, Sunlight Phases, Sunrise, Sunset, Dusk and Dawn Times Calculator, suncalc.net/. “Solarfin Fixed or Moveable Extruded Louvre Shading System.” Colt International UK, www. coltinfo.co.uk/colt-product-library/solar-shading/solarfin.html. “Gallery of Pinnacles Interpretive Centre / Woodhead - 8.” ArchDaily, www.archdaily. com/14074/pinnacles-interpretive-centre-woodhead/500f2c2028ba0d0cc7001ef8-pinnacles-interpretive-centre-woodhead-image. “Designing Energy Efficient New Homes for a Warm Climate.” EXtension, articles.extension. org/pages/26272/designing-energy-efficient-new-homes-for-a-warm-climate. Architects . (2015) , Department of Al Max development .Ministry of Urban andRenewal andInformal Settlements .
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Chapter III : Project Selection
Al-Max
By Researchers UNDP. Human Development Report. UN , 2015, hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_ development_report.pdf Haines, Green G. Asset Building and Community Development . 2nd ed., 2008ADAD, digitalcommons.usu.edu/unf_research/50/. Kretzmann, and McKnight. Introduction to Asset-Mapping. 2003, vibrantcanada.ca/files/introassetmapping.pdf.
Arts and Culture Briefing. 2011, www.planning.org/research/arts/briefingpapers/overview.htm.
Chapter IV : Site Selection By Researchers Architects . (2015) , Department of Al Max development .Ministry of Urban andRenewal andInformal Settlements .
Chapter V : Case studies carlos L. “Aquaponic Pavillon.” Architizer, architizer.com/projects/acuaponic-pavilion/.
“Museum of Handcraft Paper.” World Architect, www.world-architects.com/es/tao-beijing/project/museum-of-handcraft-paper. “Museum of Handcraft Paper.” Design Boom, “Museum of Handcraft Paper.” Architectural Review, www.world-architects.com/es/tao-beijing/project/museum-of-handcraft-paper. “Museum of Handcraft Paper.” Archdaily, www.archdaily.com/204545/museum-of-handcraft-paper-tao. “Fish Market in Bergen.” Visit Bergen, en.visitbergen.com/things-to-do/fish-market-in-bergen-p822253. “Fish Market in Bergen.” Archdaily, www.archdaily.com/422608/fish-market-in-bergen-ederbiesel-arkitekter. Design issue by researchers
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Fish Processing & Trading Chapter VI : Project Data Panero , J. & Zelnik M. (2001) . Time Saver Standards for Design and Space Planning .McGrow Hill Education . Neufert , E. & Neufert , P. (2012) . Neufert Architect’s Data . Wiley Blackwell
Chapter VII : Sustainability A sustainable planet, Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 4, No. 1, April 1992 “Fish Market in Bergen.” Archdaily, www.archdaily.com/422608/fish-market-in-bergen-ederbiesel-arkitekter. “Arup.” Designing the National Aquatics Center (Water Cube) for Beijing Olympics 2008, www. arup.com/projects/chinese-national-aquatics-center.
Chapter VIII : Individual work “ Ahmed Kamel Okasha “ “Fish Market in Bergen.” Archdaily, www.archdaily.com/422608/fish-market-in-bergen-ederbiesel-arkitekter. “National Waste & Recycling Association - Home.” National Waste & Recycling Association Home, wasterecycling.org/.
“ Ali Ahmed Darwesh “
“Waste Disposal.” World of Earth Science, Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com/history/ united-states-and-canada/us-history/waste-disposal. “Fish Market in Bergen.” Archdaily, www.archdaily.com/422608/fish-market-in-bergen-ederbiesel-arkitekter.
“ Beshoy Merzek “ “Waste Disposal.” World of Earth Science, Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com/history/ united-states-and-canada/us-history/waste-disposal. Singh, R. Paul, and George M. Pigott. “Fish Processing.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2 Jan. 2015, www.britannica.com/topic/fish-processing.
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Al-Max “ Fairouz Emad El-Din” “JDS Architects Propose a Spiraling Bicycle Museum for China’s Future Bike City.” Inhabitat Green Design Innovation Architecture Green Building, inhabitat.com/jds-architects-propose-a-spiraling-bicycle-museum-for-chinas-future-bike-city/bike-proj-10.
“Architecture & Interiors.” Pinterest, 5 Mar. 2014, www.pinterest.com/ pin/200410252142507744/. “Sunpipe.” Sunpipe | Natural Daylight | Sun Tunnels | Solar Tubes | Light Tubes, sunpipe.monodraught.com/#new-sunpipes-by-monodraught. “MAS Context.” MAS CONTEXT RSS, www.mascontext.com/tag/powerleap/.
“ Nardine Abdelnour “
“Besiktas Fish Market Refurbishment / GAD.” ArchDaily, 5 Dec. 2013, www.archdaily.com/455608/besiktas-fish-market-refurbishment-gad.
“BAADER Food Processing Machinery.” Mincing – BAADER Food Processing Machinery, www.baader.com/en/products/fish_processing/pelagics/rest_meat_recovery.html “N&B | Designed Projects Outside Our Region.” SkyscraperCity RSS, www.skyscrapercity.com/ showthread.php?t=188967&page=16.
“ Rokaia Mohammed Mostafa “ “Fifa World Cup 2022 Stadiums.” Flights from Qatar, www.qatar.to/stadiums/World-Cup-2022stadiums.php. “A Modular, Demountable Stadium Built From Shipping Containers Will Be Erected for Qatar 2022 World Cup.” ArchDaily, 28 Nov. 2017, www.archdaily.com/884528/a-modular-demountable-stadium-built-from-shipping-containers-will-be-built-for-qatar-2022-world-cup. “National Waste & Recycling Association - Home.” National Waste & Recycling Association Home, wasterecycling.org/. “ETFE: Why This Building Material Is Gaining Popularity.” Architen Landrell, www.architen. com/articles/etfe-the-new-fabric-roof/. Water Recycling and Reuse: the Environmental Benefits. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX, 1998. “Office Building In Istanbul / Tago Architects.” ArchDaily, 9 Feb. 2011, www.archdaily. com/109538/office-building-in-istanbul-tago-architects. 143
Fish Processing & Trading List Of Figures: Fig.(1) Represents Al max Location. Fig.(2) Represents Alexandria Location to the world. Fig.(3) Represents Al Max Community. Fig.(4) Represents Al Max Historical Map (1820). Fig.(5) Represents Fishermen Village & Al Mahmoudiya. Fig.(6) Represents Companies Appeared on the Map. Fig.(7) Represents Al Mahmoudiya Location on the Map. Fig.(8) Represents Al Mahmoudiya Appeared on the Map. Fig.(9) Represents Al Max Map 1973. Fig.(10) Represents Petroleum Company. Fig.(11) Represents Wadi Al Qammar Location on the Map. Fig.(12) Represents The Canal 1st Appearance. Fig.(13) Represents Fishermen Settlement. Fig.(14) Represents Restaurants & Companies Location on Map. Fig.(15) Represents Historical Map. Fig.(16) Represents Fishermen Houses. Fig.(17) Represents Factories Surrounded by Factories Pollution. Fig.(18) Represents Timeline. Fig.(19) Represents Al Max location according to Cairo & Alexandria. Fig.(20) Represents Roads Map. Fig.(21) Represents Accessibility Map. Fig.(22) Represents Significant Buildings Map. Fig.(23) 1. Alexandria Port. Fig.(24) 2. Al Max Lighthouse. Fig.(25) 3. Al Mahmoudiya Canal. Fig.(26) 4. Petrolum Company. Fig.(27) 5. El Dekhila Port. Fig.(28) Represents Solid & Void Map. Fig.(29) Represents Land-Use Map. Fig.(30) Represents Building Height Map. Fig.(31) Represents Building Conditions Map. Fig.(32) Represents Collage Skyline. Fig.(33) Represents Building Material Collage. Fig.(34) Represents Building Character Analysis. Fig.(35) Represents Topography Plan. Fig.(36) Represents Site Contour. Fig.(37) Represents Section A-A Hightest Point. Fig.(38) Represents Section A-A Lowest Point. Fig.(39) Represents Section B-B Hightest Point. Fig.(40) Represents Section B-B Lowest Point. Fig.(41) Represents Calcareous Soil. Fig.(42) Represents Gender/Age Diagram Between Men and Women. Fig.(43) Represents Education Level Between Men Women. Fig.(44) Represents Primary Education Between Men and Women. 144
Al-Max Fig.(45) Represents Preparatory Education Between Men and Women. Fig.(46) Represents Sun Path at months June & December. Fig.(47) Represents Comaprison Between Summer & Winter Times. Fig.(48) Represents Sun Shadow in June. Fig.(49) Represents Sun Shadow in December. Fig.(50) Represents Day-lenght in Summer. Fig.(51) Represents Day-length in Winter. Fig.(52) Represents Day-lenght in Summer. Fig.(53) Represents Temprature Diagram. Fig.(54) Represents Amount of rain Fig.(55) Represents The 3 Choosen Sites. Fig.(56) Represents Site I on the Map. Fig.(57) Represents Site I Surroundings. Fig.(58) Represents Site I Road Hierarchy. Fig.(59) Represents Site I Accessibility. Fig.(60) Represents Site II on the Map. Fig.(61) Represents Site II Surroundings. Fig.(62) Represents Site II Road Hierarchy. Fig.(63) Represents Site II Accessibility. Fig.(64) Represents Site III on the Map. Fig.(65) Represents Site III Surroundings. Fig.(66) Represents Site III Road Hierarchy. Fig.(67) Represents Site III Accessibility. Fig.(68) Represents Plan Circulation. Fig.(69) Represents Circulaton Types. Fig.(70) Represents Comfrot. Fig.(71) Represents Interaction Example. Fig.(72) Represents Flexibility Examples. Fig.(73) Represents Image. Fig.(74) Represents Durable Buildings. Fig.(75) Represents Economy Diagram. Fig.(76) Represents The Mood . Fig.(77) Represents Personalization Equation. Fig.(78) Represents Legability Main Point . Fig.(79) Represents Market 3D. Fig.(80) Represents Concept Diagram. Fig.(81) Represents Building Requirments. Fig.(82) Represents Building Facade. Fig.(83) Represents Market layout. Fig.(84) Represents Market Surroundings. Fig.(85) Represents Paths and Edges. Fig.(86) Represents Market Form. Fig.(87) Represents Accessibility. Fig.(88) Represents Market Circulation. Fig.(89) Represents Comfrot. Fig.(90) Represents Ground Floor. Fig.(91) Represents First Floor. 145
Fish Processing & Trading Fig.(92) Represents Relation Between 1st & Ground Floors. Fig.(93) Represents Sections Analysis. Fig.(88) Represents Market Circulation. Fig.(89) Represents Comfrot. Fig.(90) Represents Ground Floor. Fig.(91) Represents First Floor. Fig.(92) Represents Relation Between 1st & Ground Floors. Fig.(93) Represents Sections Analysis. Fig.(94) Represents 3 Elevations. Fig.(95) Represents Open Facads. Fig.(96) Represents Window Material. Fig.(97) Represents Building 3D Shot. Fig.(98) Represents Concept Diagram. Fig.(99) Represents Project Target. Fig.(100) Represents Project Zoning. Fig.(101) Represents Restaurant 3D. Fig.(102) Represents Open Space 3D. Fig.(103) Represents Ground Floor Plan. Fig.(104) Represents Cross Section. Fig.(105) Represents Longitudinal Section. Fig.(106) Represents 3D Shots. Fig.(107) Represents Comfrot Issue. Fig.(108) Represents Circulation Issue. Fig.(109) Represents 3D Shot. Fig.(110) Represents Concept Inspiration. Fig.(111) Represents project Design Issues. Fig.(112) Represents Second Floor Plan. Fig.(113) Represents Roof Floor Plan. Fig.(114) Fig.(115) Represents Boat Workshop Example Plan and Section From Neufert. Fig.(116) Represents Fish Processing Workshop Example Plans and Section. Fig.(117) Represents Samples For Single Offices From Neufert. Fig.(118) Represents Samples For Manager Offices and Meeting Rooms From Neufert. Fig.(119) Represents Samples For Dining Tables From Neufert. Fig.(120) Represents Space Required For Diners From Neufert. Fig.(121) Represents Samples Of Shops From Neufert. Fig.(122) Represents Samples Of Shops From Neufert. Fig.(123) Represents Samples Of Areas lighting From Neufert. Fig.(124)Represent The Strategies Of Sustainable Building . Fig.(125) Showing The Parameters Of Sustainability . Fig.(126) Cladding By Bubble To Get More Lighting Than Glass and That Cleans Itself With The Rains Like a Shower. Fig.(127) Enter The Event To Get See The View Inside The Building To Discover and Enjoy Fig.(128).Showing The Economic By Recycling Water & Solar Energy Fig.(129). Workers packing fish products in china Fig.(130).Represent Fish Marketing In Bergn 146