DA Annual Report 1919 by roldangorgonio

THE GOVERNMENT Ot' TIil:: PU!L\Pl'INE ISLASDS [H;PAHT.\!t;;..'.T Ot' AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCf:S

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE

FIS CAL YE:\H ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1919

ADRIANO HERNANDEZ DIRECTOR OF ,\Gl!IGU!.TUUE

MANILA BUBEA U ��BJNTilfG 175892

CONTENTS.

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ILLUSTRATIONS

NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAlJ· OF AGRICULTURE , MANILA, F6b1'1«ltl'y 111, 1920. Sm: I have th� honor to submit herewith the Annual Report of the Bureau of Agriculture for the fiscal year ended December Sl, 1919. :PIIILIP1:INE A�l\IOULTURE

. Des�ite adv:�;Sli �i�tit: ..conditions un�er 1'1'.�� !P.1.1i�!l . "farm.er.a .labored during the irr.atistical year eD.ded..J1!-"':1e scr, 1919, · it· is gratifying to report that fri:>m a. ftnanci2.f'standJ;loilit the yeBr waa oi:te of unp1l,r11.lleled prospll?ity. This_ result is Ia.I'ge]y due to the unprecedented prices· obtained . for all agrieultural 1.1rodue�s, for, regardlesa of the faet of an inereased heetarage for several of the leading erops, there was a decrease in the yield Over the banner year of 1918, due mainly to five. months of ex treme drought, followed by floods and typhoonl:I, whieh caused lintold damage to growillg crops.. EVen ·with these handicapS, the erop produeti.on of the paat year surpasses that of any pre.. vious year since the Bureau's statistical department was e'st.ab liBhed in 1.918 with the exception of the year 1918, and in valuei '"of crops to the producers,. the year 1919 surpasses the stupendots record of the previoua year. The value ·of the six leading erops, riee, coeonuts, abaca, sugar, corn ·and tobaceo �or the year ended June SO, 1919, R1!1ounte� in round numbers to the impressive· total of �468,000,000, . a gain of '1"108,000,000 over the pi"evious high record of f"S50,000,000 for the year .1918. The remarkable advance in vit.lue of agricultural products of the Philippines may be readily � from the followi'llg comparisons for the past four years: Total value of the six leading crope, .for the year 1916; in ronnd nilmbers, was 11"180,000,000; :ro·r 1917, IP241,000,000;,for 1918, �50,000,000; for Hl�9, IP'458,000,000. , These figures eloquently tell the story of Philippine prosperity. They show conclllSively that agriculture is profitabll! in an unprecendented degree. There is reason to expect,that this condition will continue possibly for yeal"S to come, or �t least" until such time as present abnormally

NI_NE'l'EEJ:<TH ANNUAL REPORT

high· prices fall to former levels. }fow is the opportune time-� and equip their· for the growers to pay their -debts, improve . :farms,. extend their operations, in _fact the opportunity of a Ii.few· time to place themselves upon a firm financial foundation that will endure through times of hardship and calamity sure to c� in the run of years. STANDARD PRODUCTS

.Rioe.-There wex� 1,881,889 hectares planted to rice, which produced a total of 2,583,628,664 liters, wo1th '1'"188,614,588, which shows ·an increase of one per cent in area over that of the prey:lous year, and a decrease of six per cent i.n production, yet an increase in value of 40.9 per cent, due to high prices. That these prices were abnormal may be readily �een by eomparison. ln 1914 the average price per cavan was only i.'2.52; in 1915, PZ.76; in 1916, '1"2.68; in 1917, '1"2.85; in 1918, 7'3.77. Thus the average price foi· 1918 is shown to be 50 per cent greater than that of 1914 and was the highest on record for the !&St ten years. Yet thl!l average price for 1919 jumped to iJ'S.58 per cavan, which is 71 per cent over the record year of 1918 and 121 per cent inereaBe ove� the prices paid in 1914. These prices are based on the price paid in municipal markets. COCtl11Ut11.-Next to rice in order of value comes the coconut crop, which this year oulted abaca from second place which it has occupied for years. There were 378,251 hectares devoted to coconut growing, On whieh were 74,650,102 trees that yielded 1,454,960,608 nuts and 100,315,522 liters of tuba. From these nuts were produced 349,384,855 kilos of copra and 5,142,213 · liters of oil, with a surplus 6f 75,8511,583 nuts which were S'Jld for food purposes. The yield per tree was somewhat curtailed on account of the drought but this decrease was compensaf.ed for by the greater am.aunt of meat contained in the nuts which caused a proportionate gain in the manufacture of copra. In spite of the increased production. prices advanced 25 per cent over thooe of last.year. There are 41 coconut oil mills making oil from. copra in these Islands and. the supply of copra is not great eno1;1gh to supply the present demands of these establish ments. The splendid prospects of the coconut indw;try may be readily seen when it is considered that only 57 per cent of the trees now planted are in bearl!ig and yet the total value of all coconut products amounted to M5,4S8,291, which ie 77 per cent greater than last year and 20G per cent above that o f 1914 when prices were the highest on record with the exception of last year.

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

NINETEENTI! ANNUAL REPORT

Tobacco.-'fhe total heetarage planted to tobacco was 73,859, yielding 65,497,748 kilos of leaf tobacco worth approximately '1"17,585,449. The crop was damaged more or less by dry weatber. In some provinces the drought was notable during the planting peiÂˇiod. This in a great measure accounts for the 6 per cent redudion in hectarage and 8 per decreai:.e in yield as compa'red with the pi-cvious year, value of the crop produced was worth i"2,366,29d. more planters than that of 1918. CROP PROSPECTS

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

BURE,\U OF AGJ.tl(JDLTUltE PERSONNEL

ADMlNISTRAT!\"E D!VISWN

ANIMAL HUSJÂµKJlllY D!VISJON

NINETEEJ\''l'll ANNUAL REPORT VETERINARY DIVISION

Disease control section. Quarantine and meat h1spection s<cction. Veterinary research section. ACCOUNTING DIVISION PROPERTY DIVISION PUBLtc.�TIONS Dtl'ISION DEMONS'rl\ATION AKD EXTENSION DIVISION

Agricultural demonstration section. Agricultural extension section.

RURAL CREDIT DIVISION

PLANT PEBTS CONTROL DIVISION FARM STATISTICS DlVIS10K

PLANT INDUSTRY DIVISION

Agronomy section. Horticulture section.

ANIMAL INSURANCE DIVISION

Fiber investigation section. Fiber inspection section.

The work of this .division involves a general supervision of all stenogfaphic work of the Bureau, the dictation of all official correspondence pertaining to the division, the pr·3paration of the estimate for the annual appropriation and the apportionment of the sam.€, the supervision of transportation, the g"eneral re cords section and the keeping of efficiency and civil records of all Bureau employees, the administration of the aITairs of the American Colony at Inomungan, the rental of buildings, light, water and janitor service, etc. A chie.C clerk is in active charge of the above activities, and is directly responsible to the Chief of the Administrative Division for the propel· administration of the same. During the year, far 1nore work was accomplished titan for merly, due to the constanly increasing activities of the various divisions of the Bureau. Although some difficulty was encoun tered in obtaining competent stenographers and typists, the work in this particular has progressed satisfactorily. Under the reorganization plan adopted August 1, 1919, the

BOJ!EAQ OF .AGRICULTURE

P.roperty, Accounting, Publications and Farm Statistlca Sections of the Administrative DiviBion were raised to the ranks of sepnrate divisions. RECORDS SECTION

Gorre&pondenee.--DllriQ.g the year there were 158,154 pieces of correspondence handled of which 41,768 were letters received and 111,891 were letters sent out of the Bureau, as against 148, 689 letters of the previous year. There were alao 7,899 let ters delivered by messengers to different government and privat.e offices in tbe city as against 6,852 of the previous yea.x. The coot for the transmission of the above mentioned correspond ence was "7,181.20 for letters and '1"2,981.59.for t.elegrams a total of 1"10,112.79 as against M,640.89 for the previous year. GENERAL SERVICE SECTION Tra,wportation.-The office of land transportation is in charge of all land transportation equipment of the Bureau In Manila, which supPlies every day all means of transportation to the pe� sonnel of the office not only around the city limits Wld suburbs but also to the provinces near and far where roads are available. All equipments pertaining to this section are scruplllously kept in good conditlon and any deterioration is attended to as silon as possible, by having it repaired either in the Bureau shop or at the Bilibid Prison, Which latter handles such repairs as cannot be made in the former. The automobiles and rigs are inspecl{ld every morJllng before they are sent tO the central office where they await orders from the chief clerk. The gasoline supply, lubricants and motor oils and their distribution a.re cltisely and personally supervised by the superintendent who has them stored in a fire-proof cement bllilding, and keeps an exact record of same. The supply of animal feed is also handled with care to insure the health of the teams and every precaution ls taken to eliminate waste. The transportation of. the Bureau at the close of the )'811r consisted of the following: 1 1 2 4

Seven-passenge Chandler. Fiv.,.pa.aengv Hupmobile. Flve-paesenger Doclges, Five-pns.el!llger Fords. (One detailed in Pampanga and the rest In Manila.) 2 White tru�ks. 5 Canomn.tal!. SCan,etelas. 3 Wagon�. 17 Nn.tiveponies. Gll!ules.

NINETEEN1'B ANNUAL REPORT

Repaira Shop.-Tbis section is in charge of all minor repe.irs to bureau transportation, buildings and.other properties; horse : shoeillg' of the ponies. and llUllea of the Bure:au used in. con nectiOll with the" land transportation, making and repairing of. harnesses and accessories; and making ind fixing of office furniture. In fact, there is in this · section an automobile shop, a carpenter's shop, a blacksmith shop, and a harness · shop where a competent personnel Ul these different aetivities,is em ployed, Such partS and aeeeasorles for automobiles, motol"cyclea and bicycles as can be manufactured in this shop are made in stead of being bought in the stores, a considerable' sa.virig to the Bureau thus ,resulting. This ser;tion �ived and fl.lied during the year 1 28 serial and w01·k orders for repairs and manufacture of office furniture, etc. ·There were 87 repall' orders and 89 furnish orders for bitiyclee, 1 1 repair orders ·for l!,Utomobiles and trucks, 44 rel)air orders and 4.4 f\1111-ish orders for motorcycles. AMERICAN COLONY

Most of the efl'orfl! of the colony which is located at Momungan, _Mind11:nao, were devoted to tbe extension of cultivation in order to aid 'the food production campaign conducted by the Bureau of Agr.icultlll'f!, The main crop was corn ali.d a total ·amount of 5,450 cavans was produced and sold at an average price of N.DO per ca.van or 11"5 1,755. The next crop in importance was peanuts." One thousand six hundred eighteen cavans of this produce were bal.'Vested and sold at !P4.50 per cavan or P'T,2.81. Camotes were also planted and 24,449 kilos harvested and sold at il'.08 per"kilo or IM.,956.92. Three hundred twenty seven ca'Vlllls of rice were hal'Vested from the 32 hectares planted; at N.50 per ca.van Dr'l"l,47 1'.50. . '. '.r)le last crop of corn planted during 1*ptember and October is now being h�te�: This crop is not included in this report aei it will not be ready frir marketing before the end of the year. Goloniet8.-0ut of 70 colomste that were admitted in the colony since its beginning, 26 left during 1917, 5 in 1918, and 2-were expelled in 1918 and 1919, leaving a balance of 38 �lonists during 1919 and these are doing excellent work. Golcmi.sta' AocO'lfflts G�t.-The total amount advanced to colonists on their.aCCoun.ts current from the organization of the colony up to �eeember a;, 1919, wa"I! :P-127,878.05. Of this am�t, '1"58,177.18 has been repaid; of which 1"12, 1 82..47 was repaid during the year 1919, leaving a net balance of ?'69,700.92

BUREAU OF AGRICVLTCRE

l\'LN"ETEENTH AK!>:UAL REPORT

ANDJ.I.L JIUSBANDRY J)l\'IHION

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

19 During Lhc early part of the year a requisition was sent to the United States for 55 pigs and 316 chickens. The pip arrived on July 17, 1919. This shipment consists of 40 Berkshire pigs (20 males and 20 females) and fifteen Duroc-· Jersey (5 males and 10 females). One Berkshire boar died in transit. The rest arrived in good condition. With the arrival of these pigs the present herd at Alabang was greatly im proved due to the introduction of new blood. Word was re ceived from the States, stating that poultry will arrive durine the early part of next year. A number of inspection trips to the stock farms and public breed ing stations were made by the officials of the Central Of fice of the Bureau. ALABANG STOCK FARM

In general this year was characterized by the extraordinary unfavorable weather for both the live-stock and the crops grown for the stock; the high cost of feed for the stock; and the pro hib!tive prices of commodities that made difficult the liVing of the laborers and employees in spite of the bonus given. Horses.-Three Australian mares and one filly were added to the horses. The following is the transaction during the year: On hand la.st Y"'---------------- -------------------·------------------------·---........... 12 Births during the year ........................................................................ 1 Received during the year ..................................................................... 7 Transfers during the year....................................................................... 4 2 Deaths during the year.............................................................................. . On hand at the end of the year .............................................................. 14

Cattle.-At the beginning of the year this project consisted o( 8 Nellore bulls, 5 grade bulls and 21 work bullocks. During the year two Ncllore bulls were sold and the others were trans ferred to public breeding stations. One grade bull was sold and the rest castrated to be used as work bullocks in the farm. Part of the cattle purchased under the provisions of Act 2758 Wile temporarily kept at this farm and disposed of gradually When in condition to withstand the hardships of the journey to their destination. These cattle were infe'sted with lice and ticks, and by spraying them with kerosene emulsion it aided the animals 1D improve 80 that the end of the year their general appearance

was

Swine - this p�:·present the most important one on the farm. with the prtfa1 of the swine from the United states the number of sows have been almost doubled. The only serious problems created b7 th.la shipment are lack of proper

NINETEEt.;TH ANNUAL REPORT

LA CARLO'rA EXPERIMJ:::NT SI'ATION

M"\I" lndl,n oattr,, Lo Corlolo Ex,or;m"! Sl•lion; Oool<!ontal N,a,..�

BUREAU OF AGRICULTUKE

from }Ianila. _tu be used for br�ding with the herd of the station. _I.ndt..n C'uw pr�perty number L-35 was reported to have tuh ercu]o:;is_. A_ few of the thin animals are infested by ticka, but �hese ai c being removed from time to time. Petroleum was '· apphc<l on the surface where ticks are found T hree Indian cows are being milked re�larly since Nov en1ber l. The average amount of milk obt.ained is 3 liters per day. About 1 liter daily is given to the chicks mixed with the feed. More cows will be milked in the near future in o r der t o get enough milk for the large chickens. The rest of the milk is being used by the Station employees. The year of Indian cattle on hand. The iieneral con e�ded with 85 head _ dition of the ammals is good. Chiflese and G1-ade CatUe.-At the beginning of ihe year th� were 188 head. During the year there were 59 births, 5 deaths and 27 were sold. Grade bull property number L-1841 and grade cow prop erty number 404 were reported to have tuberculosis. The year ended with 208 head. Bullocks.-At the beginning of the year tbere·were 86 bullocks. Some of them were infested with ticka but these were removed from time to time. The laborers were instructed to pick the. ticks before using the animals. The bullocks were pastured as usual. In working, the animals used in the morning were not used in the afternoon, a practice which has long been followed at this "Station with good result. Eight grade animals were raised into bullocks durini the year. One American bullock died from the effect of foot-and.mouth disease. The general condition of the bullock is good. The year ended with 43 bullocks on hand. Carabaos.-At the beginning of the year there were 45 cara baos. During the year there were 9 births and 6 deaths. The deaths were mostly due to intestinal worms. The general condition of the animals is excellent. The year ended with 48 carabaos. Sheep mid Goats.-At the beginning of the year, there were 40 sheep and 22 goats. They were pastured together in their own corral and in the roads inside the station. During the year 15 sheep were born and 1 received, 24 were 1 10l d and died. Of the goats there were 8 births as against 18 death s. O ne male goat was received from Manila and ne � was sold. The deaths according to the first, second and third �ly reports are due to tapeworms, pinw� rms and ca� Pt.aper ·ho.using apeciaUy during the rainy season

· 22'

N�TEENTH ANNUAL REPORT

.will gl'eatly reduce the deathJ1. The animals are in good condi tion at present. The year ended with 25 sheep and 12 goats • at thflstation. :Swine•....:....At the beginning of the year there were 15 swme (18 Berkshires and 2" Duroe-Jerseys)". Two Berkshire boars were received from Manila. Nine littel"S were born during the year. Four pigs were sold and 18 died. The general condition of the pigs is good. The year ended with 9 pigs• .Po-ul.tn,".-At the beginning of the year there were 63 chickens aecordlng to first quarterly report. During the·yea.r 1,484 eggs were produced, of these 479 were · sold, 208. inC1,1bated, 36 on hand and the rest were discarded. Fifteen pullets and thirteen cockerels were sold. These con sisted of 10 coclterels and 13 pullet.s of Barred Plymouth Rocle: grade and 2 cockerels of Rhode Island Red grade. During the year there wm 18 deaths. One Black Minorca rooster was received on August 19, 1919. The year ended with 65 chickens at this station. TRINIDAD STOCK FARM

Ho'Y8ea and Muhs.-The horses and mules at this station are in fairly good condition despite the-poor condition of the ra�. The following is the transaction during the year: On hand on first of the year, 9; ?eeeivedfrom Bureau, 6; purchased, 2; trans ferred, 1; on hand at the end of the year, 16. Crzttls.-The cattle are in good condition though the range was · poor, owing to the 'lack of rain. The large numbers of deaths during the year wa.s due to the prevalence o1' liver flukes and the �ontinuous storm last August. The following is the transaction during the year: On hand at the beginning of the year, 168; births,·22; deaths, 28; lost, 8; loaned for breeding purp0&es, 6: sold, 16;loanedto�m�PhOoI. 7; on hand at the end of the year, 138. Swine.-They. ·are apparently free from any disease. · One boar wns loaned to th� city of Bagl.Uo, another to the . town of Gabayan -but died for the lack of care. The following is the transaction of the"pigs dU.1-lng"the year: On hand on the first of the year, 26;received, 7; birtlu!, ilB; deaths, 12'; sold, 4; ex changed, 2; on hand at -tiloss of year, 28. Sheep.-The sheep are· doing exceedingly well at this station, �ving increased �rOm 8 �t the beginning of the year to 14. Only 1 death'occurre�.

BUREAUOFAGRICUL'IURC

PUBLIC BREEDING STATJONS

24,

NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT

especiB)ly B�kshire 'pigs recently· received froru. the United - · states, to take the plaee of those lo�t fro_m rinde:Poot. . ' Cebu.-The breeding work that is bemg carried on m this province is similar to that in Batangas although more animals are maintained here t}lan at the former station. The breeding sires that are distributed throughout the province have re ndered satistactory ssrvi�es. The animals maintained at the. station proper have given satisfactory results and the off-sprmg are sold to the public at low prices. This irtation is greatly admired by the Visayan people, espe cially those of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Occidental and Orien tal Negros and the northern coast of Mindanao, and many people from said provinces come daily to the station for infor mati"ons and suggestions, The entablish.ment of this station greatly benefited the Province of Cebu and the remit is that there· are now many hog and poultry projects established throughout the prov:ince. Many of the megtizo pigs raised in this province were reported to the other provinces. The prin cipal importers are Bohol, Leyte and Occidental Negros and some ha� gone as -far as Camarines. It is not uncommon to see mestizo pigs 18 months old weighing 200 kil,:;s offered in · the market st reasonable prices. Orlen.tat Negroa.-The breeding sirea stationed throughout this province have rendered satisfactory services. Three stal� lions are stationed here also tbree Nellore bulls and two young Nellore bulls 88Jlt to this pl'ovinee during the year. The two boars stationed here were also rendering satisfactory service. Unfortunately, one of them died during the year, Iloilo.-The results obtained from the breeding animals sta tioned in this province were not so satis.:faet.ory as those obtained from the o:ther stations. It is expeet.ed that during the next year better results will be obtamed as the people have again shown interest in the improvement of their animals. Calwpan, Mindoro.--The results obt.ained from tlie breeding anima!B" stationed here have been VBl'Y satisfactory in every re-. speet. The officials of the pl'Ovince are very much interested ir, this project and want it conducted on a larger scale. Said work; however, cannot be extended at the present time in view of the £act that the farm advi.ser who is in direct charge of this work can not handJe it successfully as his other duties keep him busy� POULTRY-SWINE STATION

There are sixteen Poultry-Swine stations all'eady established in the Philippines in connection with the.Food Production Cam-

BUREAU OF' AGUICULTIJRE

NINETEENTH �NUAL REPORT

to ti�e, as available. Mongrels useless for breeding purposes, Wel"e' slso sold. Chicken:s less than three months old are not included in thil3 report. According· to the reports of the fore inen, there were about 600 chickens of this age. The total number of eggs laid by Cantonese wa.e 12,468: by ducks, 686; by native fowla, S48; and by Barred Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Island Reds and Whl�e Leghorns, 345. About half of these eggs were sold to the people and the re.rt were hatched at the stations. 'Ducks.-At the beginning of the year, 17 male and 33 female ducks were distributed to the stations. The total number of eggs laid was GSU, and 46 ducklings were 1·aised during the year. Chief Veteiina,ian, STANTON YOUNGBERG, D.

µ.

PERSONNEL

On December 81, 1S16, the force consisted of 26 veterinarians (of whom 19 were Filipinos and 7 American"!!), 6 American livestock inspectors, 36 Filipino inspectors, 1 American clerk a.nd 8 Filipino clerks. On December 81, 1919, there were on the rolls 29 veterina rians (of.whom 22 were Flliplllos and 7 Americans),·6 Amer ican" livestock inspectors, 156 Filipino inspectors. 1 American clerk and 8 Filipino clerks. This constitutes an inereaBe of 8 · Fili}lino veterinarians and 120 Filipino livestock inapectol:s and a decrease oflAmerican inspectc:r. ADMINISTRATION

Jmportatio-w /rum FoMgn Port:i.-Duxing the year a few dai!Y anil breeding cattle were imported f1•om Australia and Spa_in and 8 Indian cattle arrived via "Singapore.. The vast majority of the cattle a.rriving at Manila :from foreign ports con sisted of cattle for slaughter coming from French Indo-China and Hongkong with smaller numbers of carabaos for work pur poses from In.do-China. '.J.nte1"-1aland Shipmenfa.-Only 15,068 cattle and 1,768 cara... bao� arrived at Manila from inter-island ports, a decided de crease froJ!?. tho high figures reached during the war. 1118J}_ecti� for �ioh Fees.wel"e 01.atrg«l.-Durl.ng the year 157,210 aruma.ls of all kinds Wel'e inspected on arrival at the City of Manila, for wbich fees amounting to M0,606.80 were charged and collected. Of theBe animals 124,81 3 were hogs.

BUREAU 0}' AGRICULTURE

GOlrtilATING OF ANIMAL DISEASES

KtNE'mi,;NTH ANNUAL REPORT

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

No. 16 c; b�, Ori1;ta; ; :� Surigao, headquarters �t Tacloban; 1 1 ce u, N gm,;. Bohol a�d Misam1s, headquarters at n 1io· No. e 1 n and �ind:na� ;;� :�:��:� . �;;��: a�te� :t:· il

t�t�1��· ��i:h

with the assis�nce . Su��c� �1si��; �: h:�:i:::•: v:terinarian p vi c al ,,fa small force of Insular livestock inspectors, and by � � ! s and municipal inspectors in a few provinces and munic1pabtie devote to money whose re\·enues are in such shape that they have tu animal disease control. !t may be mentio ned in passing that the force of inspectors ha;.: never been adequate owin g to the lack of funds. However, it is the plan to create a force of well tr ained inspectors who may intelligently carry out the fn·structlon s of the veterina ria ns, to make up in 4uality what is lacking in numbers. As 1, first step towards this direction, the Director of Civil Service was requested to give an examination for livestock inspectors, \\"hich was held in April at Manila and in all the provinces whe-re there were applica nts. As a result some 27 passed, all of whom have since been employed. The examination co nsisted of the third grade clerical examination and practical question"S on animal hygiene and the control of co n tagious animal diseases. It is the intention to raise the standard of this examination from year to year until the education qualificatio n s shall equal the high school course; salaries will of course have to be in creased correspondingly. The apportionment of the province·s into groups as districts was intended from the first as a temporary arran gement, as it was realized that it would not be possible for the veterinarian to give enough personal attention to all the provinces under his direction and do other veterinary work outside of rinderpest control, This has proved true in practice, and to remedy this deficiency it is the plan to station a veterinarian in each of the more important provinces, and gradually, as more veterinarians are made available, one for each province, which in the end will result in breaking up the Veterinary Districts as now formed. How long i t will be before a veterinarian can be fi nally assigned to each province, will depend on the number of Filipino young men who will make the veterinary profession their ca"lling-if it is not desired to employ veterinarians from the United States for the field work. A word may be said as to the attitude of the provincial ex ecutives in the control of animal epidemics. While they are distinctly charged by law to carry out the rules and regulations c

NINETEBNTH ANNUAL REPORT

. prescribed by the Director of Agriculture, the majority ha'{e shown a gmat tendency towe.rd passing on the Bureau of. .Agri culture veterinarians the whole burden of the work. Jt seeJlls that they would be better pleased if they were entirely relieved of the responsibility placed up:>n them by the law. This will be readily s_een by a perll58l of the rep�ies of provincial gov ernors to eonimunications of the Executive Bureau requesting theni to �plain why rinderpe'st does not subside in certain municipalities , of their respective provinces . . Anti.-rinderpest serum was used in combination f with quar-. antine measure'S ,in the -field upon the request o the people thewl:!lves, and where large doses were used very gratifying result.a were -obtained. The provinces where serum is in great demand are Occidental Negros, Iloilo and Batangas. · A total of 1,208 liters· were expended during the year, at a cost of '1"86,240. The serum has not been used as an excuse for letting up on the nec.essa.ry quarantines, but llll a valuable aid· in reducing di�strous mo:rt.ality, The doses formerly used on carabaos were .._1µ1,��ely too email. It has bean fouud by �erience that the "b.esf� results are obtained with these animals when employing the.serum In doses of from 200 to 800 c.. c. depending upoli the size, .weight, and condition of the individual animal. With the present- very. high prices o! animals many owners, especially in the sugar regions, are willing to purehase serum even in these large doses, / Following is a t�ble showing the number of cattle and cara. baoa-in the Philippine Islands from 1910 to 1918, inclasi�:

JO.ii

Ciittlu .� m,robaa& in th<J Philippili,, lelflfUh. N..mbsr,, e0!!$tlng on De �";ll&e;. 8:1 _of lfl!llft i»di44Ud as reportGd to t}u, Statiatica1 Division.

==C��

This shows that during the year 1910 to 1914, when rinderpest was fai.r\y under �trol, there was a g'Ood annual increase. ,"8ineii 1916, cofocjdent with the severe epi1.o!ltic of ri11derpest the in�e has -fallen off.grea_tly. In' 1918 with the gradual abate ment of the epizoiitic the annual increase of carabao,s is gra-

same year, howevei :�e dually beginning to mount. In this e over the figures, O number of cattle showed a decrease decline each Y�� marked a been having . preceding year, there meas great a m for � beginning with 1915. This is accounted to supply : by the fact that since Hll6, native cattle hav� .� Islands, o major part of the meat consumed in the Ph1hppme s�a�gh for cattle and meat obtaining in account of the difficulties ter from Australia and Indo-China caused by war conditions. e This is graphically illustrated by the fo\lowi BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

1915 1916 1917 1918

li� i ;.:�

· ••• •:::•::;J 1�: i�

The prices of cattle have of course been steadily climbing with the result that cattle raisers have been making more money than they ever did before. These high prices have been too much for the cupidity of many cattlemen with the result that they have rold too many females for slaughter. If this continues•we will soo11 be facing a rapid annual decrease in the number. Of the l.7.t2 c:itt\e slaughtered at the Manila Matadero 629 were females and of these 125 were heavy with calf. In other words females comprise 36 per cent of the number slaughtered; those with calf l'onstiluted 20 per cent of the females or 7 per cent of the whole number slaughtered. This constitutes a fair average for the whole .rear. lmmmiization.-During the year a total of 6,467 cattle and carabaos were immunized against rinderpest. Of these 86 died during the immunization period from all causes-a loss of 1.3 per cent. This compares favorably with 1918 when 6,232 ani mals were immunized with a loss of 148 head, or 2.4 per cent. The outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth disease which necessitated the closing of the immunizing stations in October of 1918 con tinued throughout the first part of this year and it was not possible to resume any work till the month of April. Thus three of the best months of the year were lost. Neither was it possible to do any work during the rainy season on account of the exceptionally heavy rains and large floods which QCCurred at that time. Some of the stations were 11everal feet under water. The immunizing operations were conducted at Angeles, Lubao. and Santa Rita, Pampanga; San Miguel, Bulacan; Iloilo, Jloilo; nnd the Pandacan Quarantine Station, Manila.

SISIMAN MATADERO

Thi\! st�tion, ·wMch is used <:attle from Australia, was closed to the suspension of importations try. Throu-ghout the entire stationed there to care for the station. SAN LAZARO lMMUNlZING STATION

Up to the month of Apl'il-this station was loaned- to and used by the ·cOUege of Veterinal'y Scio:iw:e, Univen,ity of the Philip pines, iit whjch time said imtitutioU" was moved to the College of Agriculture �t ·Los·B!liloa. This division diagnose.� rabies in dogs for the Bul."eall of Health.. Since the removal of the

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

Veterinary Colltfa, thla station has been used for the isolation of dogs su.ipected of havinJ be,en infected with rabies. Vr.TEB,JNA.RY RESEARCH LABORATORY

On ,hmuary 24, 1019, the Veterinary Pathologist left for the United StateK on combined leave of absence and official vi::.ita tion uf 1:1cveral laboratories. He returne<l to the Philippine Islands July 2, 1919. While in the United States he dsited the following lnborntorie1:1: University of California Veterinary L.t1boratory and Medical Laboratory; The Cutter Laboratory in �an Francisco; The Cornell Veterinary Laboratory and Medical Laboratory; The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Reaearch ill New York City and the Rockefeller Institute for Animal Dis.ea:t1et1 in Princeton, New Jerser; The Harvard Medical School in Boston; The University' of Pennsylvania Veterinary College; H. K. .Mulford'a Laboratories at Clenolden, Pa.; and the Hurcau of Animal lndu· stry in Washington, D. G. He also purchased some important equipments which is n�ry to facilitate our work here. While at CornelJ University he did some work on developing a vaccine for hog cholera with promising results; a report of which may be fQund on page Sl of "The President's Report (Cornell t:niversity) for l91S-l919:' The work at the Research Laboratory durina the. year has been devoted mainly to rinderpest, hog cholera and surra. As regards rinderpest work is being pushed forward in per fectjng the vaccine which has been worked out, so as to �ke it safe under field conditions. We have succeeded in keeping this vaccine potent for a period of., sixty days, which will give time to subject it to a thorough check before it is_ used in the field. Four animals which were vaccinated against rinderpest over two years airo and have since been kept at the Alabang Stock farm were brm�ght back to the laboratory and teated 011t. Two of them showed complete immunity and two showed a very high resistance, having merely a slia"ht rise in temperature from the injection of a large amount of highly virulent blood. In hog cholera we have been succe!fflful in preparing a vaccine which will protect pip against this disease. However, a great deal of work i& yet to be done before del'.i,nite statements can be made. Considerable experimentation has been made with a prepara. tion known as Protosan In testing out its curative v,i.Jue for sur. ra. This product when uaed alone has apparently no curative 1·alue for the horse, but It seems to have for the carabao and the

NINETEENTI!. AN:'.(!t1AL REPORT

mule. There is a good possibility that with a mixed ti:eatment of Protosan and Arscnious Acid a cu�e may be i:erfected fol' horses. A combination with Atoxyl will also be fried. RECOMMENDATIONS

cost about Lipa, Batangas, charge of three pesos per head is payments provided in sedi.011 3 are continually facing a deficit make up out of the funds assigned 2548 and 2679. It is recommended that the fee from three to five pesos. erate for the immuni?.ation of an this fee will prob the present high values that ably not entire]�, eliminate the occuueme of deficits bui any way it will more nearly keep them within reasonable bounds. For the protection of the cattle raising industry a law should be passed which will regulate the s!aught.er of females. The killing of young females which are in good condition and are capable of reproducing should be prohibited. The present high prices of cattle are likely to prevail for some time to come and in consequence live-stock raisers, if unrestrained, are tempted to take advantage of these prices and sell off too many fpmales without sufficient regard for the future. ,\CCOU:'.'iTDW DIVISI01' PERSONNEL

At the close of the year 1919 the personnel of the Accoui1ting Division consisted of one Chief Accountant, one cashier and dis-

HOR.BAU OF AG&lCULTURE

SCOPE CW WORK

Prior to the reorganization oi the Bureau on August 1, 1919, the Accountancy Section was a part of the Administrative DiviJ1ion. On the above daie it was raised to the rank of an independent division, ow:ing to increased duties and responsibil ities. At the beginning of the ;rear the offiee force was ltept busy dosing the book$ for the year 1918. Office hour'$ were ex tended until the books were closed, which was accomplfa,hed late in February. To f'ffcct the prompt payment of the salaries and reimbursement of traveling expense accounts, two auditing clerks were assigned for �alaries, disbur�ement and collection accounts and two for traveling cxpenseb and miscellaneous accounts, The system employed for tbe·other groups remained practically unallEred from that oi the previous year. Due to constant movement of the field forces of the Bureau, it was important that they should receive their salaries promptly at the end of each month. This wa s accomplished for a time by making the farm advisers special disbut·sing officers, author ized to pay the salaries of the Bureau and Department employees stationed in th'eir respective diBtricts. This was found im practical, howe,•er, on account of the pres� of work of the farm advisers and also to their lack of knowledge of accounting. From April 1,' the provincial tl'easure1•s w�re appointed dis bursing officers in place of the farm adviMrs and they lw,ve paid our field employees locally. Those field employees who "'-ere not authorized to draw 1.heir salarles from provincial or municipal treasurers, received their salary warrants from the central office. PROJ>ERTl" DIVISION

NINETEENTH A:\INUAL REPORT

BUREAU OF AGlUCULTt:RE

11nÂ·rn1ox' OF l>!Jl\\,l(JA.'J'IONS GENERAL STATEMENT

CORRESPONDENCE A1'"D TRANS!,ATIQI\

NlNETENNTH ANNUAL REPORT

No. J,f.-"Tobacco Growing in· the Philippine.s" by Domingo Pagufrigan. The following circulars were printed:

MISCELLANEOUS PUDLICA'rIONS

The following miscellaneous publications wc1·e issued: Annual Ropod, of the Dfrector of Agriculture An,mal Report of the Direci;or of Agdculture Repo,·t of the Directo; of A gi·icultui·o (Sp,.nish "Desiription of the Stun,lard Grnrlcs of Philippine the l'iher Division. MlMEOGllAPR, PLAKOTYPE AND MUL'l'Ir.RAPU WORK

the ye.i.r 1919, delivery aggregating 941,115 orders aggt'egating

Daring th"e year, 694 plates, 68 slides

DElWXS'rJUTlON AN)) RX'.TF.NSION lll'VISION PE\!.SON:NEL

NINETEEl,"TH A);NUAL REPORT

AGRICULTURAL DEMONSTRATION STA1'I0NS

KINETEE)JTR ANKUAL REPOP.'!'

BUREAU OF AGRlCULTURE

Ceitificate of Deposit.....:::.The Cash Deposit Certificate plan of inducing people to save money and invest these savings in their ;u�al credit IU!soclation was introduced on August 1, 1919. It 1e patterned OJI the idea of Baby War Bonds. For example, '1"8.75 deposited will be repaid with !Mi in 6 years; i'-7 .50 Will be repaid with "'10; '1'"15 will be repaid with 1"20; 1'-87.60 will be rep&ld with 'P50 and 1'76 wm be repaid with 11"100 in 5 years, 'l,'hese deposits can be withdrawn on a month's notice at an inte re11t corresponding for the time they were on deposit. The ma!n object i.s to attract the eapital now idle and to stimulate thrift among tho.se oflimited means. The interest paid is about 6 per cent a year while the auociation collects 10 per cent from the members who borrow this money. There has been a gener ous rellponse, rui '1"34,000 ha.a been deposited in 84 W1Sociations up to December 81, 1919. Arrangements are also mad1: by which Liberty Bonds are accepted as deposits and a Ca.sh Certif icate of 'P'J.80, payable in 5 years is given in exchange for a 1"100 bond. By this plan the bond which once helped to provide funds to carry on the world war is again put to work to increase the working capital of the associations in which the proceeds ofsame are depmrited. RICE AND CORN FUND On March 4, 1919 the Legislature approved Act 2818 appro priating one million peeos fol' the purpose of meeting the food erll!is by making this money available as loans in small amountf. to enable farmers to extend the area of theil' lands planted to rice and corn; to buy work animals, implements, seed, etc., and to m.eet all other necessary expenses in pl'odueing more rice and eorn. The Secl'el;ary of Ag).•ieulture and Naturu.l Resourees was · given authority to make all tbe rules and regulations governing the borrowing, the expending, and the repayment of these loans to the Government. The Rural Credit Associations were selected to carry out the details of these Joans because they are permanent agencies in their towns and are incorporated with their own capital; each association has five responsible directors who know the charaeter and farming ability of each applicant for a loan. These five directors pledge the paid-in capital of the association and their own joint and_several notes for the loan of such a sum as they may wisely Uae in their town. The munieipl\l treasurer certi fies to the a,ssessed property of each of tbe guaranteeing direc tors. When the area to be planted, the resolution of the association to borrow, and the guarantee were 'satisfactory, the

NJNF,TI>ENTI-l ANNUAL REPORT

191associations1Â·cccived

818,200

BUREAU OF AGRICU[,,TURB

LOCUST CAMPAIGN

Although the PhiliJ;lpine Islands ha\'e been more or 18Ss free from locust infestations during the last two yea.rs, the fight against thelll still forms and will continue to form one of the important projects of this diviBion. Th.e infestations during the year under consideration, al though exceeding those of 1917 and 1918, have nevertheless been mostly confined to the Department of Mindanao and Sulu and very little damage has resulted. According to reports re ceived this year from our field jnspeetors and Department offi. eials, Mindanao ha8 had the best of harvest.s. This is in a measure due to our prompt sending of inspectora--the quick organization of campaigns and providing of funds. In many case.s, the locusts have been checked in record time. The success obtained, however, was not solely due to the insj;ant· sending of inspectors to the infested places. Part of it was due to the distribution of advanced funds among the different provinces specially for the locust fight whenever and wherever needed. At present almost all the provinces of the Philippines still possess balances· of previous allotments. In comparison with the appropriations and expenditures of the past few years, that o:f the present was comparatively small; the only allotments made during the year being as follows: For For For For

the Province of Ae,,aan. .... -·-···the Province of Mindoro the Province of Bnlddnon the Province of CotabatO"...*..-·-

'Pl,100.00 500.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 5,600.00.

Toto.\······-·-

Expenditures incurred by the other infested provinces were charged against their balaucee. RAT CAMPAIGN

As with all other plant. pests, the advent of the rat as an agricultural peet is coexistent with the practice of agricultu,re, so that, it was not till after the droughts ot 1913, 1914 and part of 1916 and the dormant stage of agricultural activities dm•ing the same period that the rodent's increase became ap parent. Reports were then ·received from different provinces and almost all requests for assistance in controlling them have been attended to. Mr. David B. Mackie, former chief of this division, inaugurated inveetigations and short campaigns during the latter part of 1917 and from thence, inspectore have been in l'!liBllt--4

NINETBENTH ANNUAL REPORT

milny 6ases sent to all places reported to be infested, with instruc tionido' coiiperat.e with the farmers. Where it was impossible to send men due to lack of personnel. instructions as to the 1:iabit aiid mode of atta.ek of field rats. and control metis�_es were distribUted and a gratuitous amonnt of white arsenic for poison ing thelll .Was glven. . . According to Prof, Sasaki, of Japan., in the year 1899, field lci.ce appeared in the Prefeeture o:f lbaraski, northeast of Tokyo. The ravages committed were not ��fined to this prQVlllCe but extended to the other neighboring prOvinces as welL In the following.yeai-, Dr. S. Onugi and Mr. K. Sanui map.e piree investigations as to the habits and method of ext:ermina tion of this pest. They introduced the so-ea.Jled typhus bacillus by inoculation. Dr. Onugi by comparing the chRracteristics and habits of mice with the house rat, concluded that this was probably of the same species with A1'1Ji"oola. Sitbterrmneous Setys. In 1902 Prof. Y. Kozai, after two years of killing the mice by means o:f IliereshkoWllkTe bacillus, has obtained a sii.tisfactory result and at present is largely employed in this work all over · Japan. Dr. Hori, _Plalrl: Pat1!:ol�gist of the Central Experiment Station of Tokyo, was kind _enough to present to our Bureau three tubes ·of rat bacillus, collmating of Bacillus Loffler, Bacillus ·Danest and Bacillus Mereshkowsky. . The three bacilli mentioned are now in the Bureau of Science for propagation and experimentation as to the effect on our field mice by means of Inoculation or by feeding them to the rats direct and then letting them loose. In this way, it is expected that they will disseminate .this dreaded plague. The Bureau of Science as.sores the effi!mveness of th�se bacilli in combating the rat peat;AJ3ACA DISEASES ERAi>ICATION

The regular abaee.-rot �cation.campaign was not in effect during this yee.r. HOW6'Ver, stlldies were carried out. In Paete, _Laguna, a week's investigation showed abaea. weevil and root rot to be the principal cii.uses of damage to abaca. The weevils were found t.o attack those weak'plants or those in which corms were visible above the ground. The plants that were well fixed were not infested. ·The above observations lead to the recom mendation to hill old plants to J)revent snch attacks. Prof. Reinking o1. f!le College of :Agriculture lately :found that the cauee of the abaea heart.rot .is identical .with that of the coconut·bud-rot. He isolated from an: infected plant a fungus, Ph,ytophthrYra, faberi, whieh he discovered to be the responsible

52 th,

NINErEENTff AN.NUAL llEl'OR'l'

or partly inspected. In on November 1st. PLANT IN"SPllCTION SERVICE

MISCELLANEOUS PESTS AND D!SllASES

No,anlllâ&#x20AC;¢Mondorln1Uaot,d'oyborlcrol,

��ifj�,

Negros'.�1ie:nt'1.ll,;�B�hol,,,Cayit;, l',,agtlna,.Nue'1l, E�ija, Bulaean, ,'.' ,., ".·, , ri:ayabas, Bataan and Zambales" Coc.on!lt )e�t,··\ri\ner.- (ftorMcothecd;Cumingi) .,also appear'ed in de�t;·uctiye"llumbers_ in.the �orthern P.arl Of Mindanao and in the '".�cinity · of sm: _. Pablo, La,guna.. This appearance- is ac counted for by::i�e il_H1?_m.ty of the,ve�tatyon to produce eAoug� nectar for :the prol'.'..µ-·1!'ul�!Plil)/\tion (If . the c.ontl'ol\ing �mIBct due to the long d;,OU��t-,-la�t,spring.. ' , , _' , '

t::1

:f�,;:�=:di� ,��:�-!�::�::1i�i t��;; ThfJ!v!�:e�';��:: �f Thosea ci�f·e�'?l"_l'gir.a(it.' ,None, of these'l!',r'yre_reaChed the aduits�ge_ii�e-frf,a:nymeuop�erousparasite, · · .. . ' ·:, ,1 ;',, "_(2), pl'lh.n/�{!-fof11_-:c-;:-'1'h"fi�"��""� "0.far »f',P('!+"-i: t� ;'hla '.""�"""�.e..� _._ b

f;f�=�� ;:pf:\� dfJ!��;i::�!t��e��al� f:�t:t:�� .done �Y fnngU:s, oi: bacterJ� ,in comparison with that .done by Jt�J!Jr:�;�{h1Wck�;ot ��:}��!t:;{,;!! �:J�?t�!t;. -�omn'ivom all.d_,LC!Sjo__dipWdia tlwoQramae fro1 Ormotl, Leyf;e.

� The ·pink dise'ase, Cortimuno salmonicoi�, h,as been reported from several ·p!aces and_ the ,attack was general at Lamao Hor. ticultural·Station. ··. Thi;; i�·the worst disease at this station. - �notho'. _diseiise ·�·hic.h wits found to bi\, presellt 'at tl:ie LamaO HortlcUltur�l Sta. tion, w� the' bark-r�t or gl!m dieeas�.. ·,'I'.his is ch aracterfaed by i, bro�nis� dark gu'!l.nly exµdatio:1, of ,the bark, the treatment of·which is exactlY the' BaJ!le as for the pink disease; that ls, washi:ug· the'tree after'the rot has been reinoved with 2 per ·�nt solution of �orifml dehYde' 'and� then painting after the wound with pine.tar. The foot:-.:rot O'r' "Mal <le 'gonia" (a- fungu� dfoe'ase} 'was.als,o found in some of t he citrus trees of that· statio;. .' The ,attack. of .. this disease is sillll,lar to that of the bark-rpt, exMPt that the attack is found on the roots of the' 'plants just · above the ground and this is the reason why it is called fOot.-r&t. ci d t ver:��: :::�n��, !�::�::! ��t�nte:os��:�e��e �: controlling the troublesome' cabb�ge wo1:1�; 'A: �mf Pei-- cent, solution was used :�vith 2 per' cen� ?!1 soUp,· or o�clinary,,laundry soap to make the solu�on iidhei·e to, tii"e h!Ooni.y leaves. Spray.

1!!:

M -

N!NETEENTB ANNUAI, REPORT

grown . By . ing was done until the cabbages were two-thirds arsenate so doing qie cabbages became almost free from lead

most. due to the presenct> w\e:,!,7� and ��stard suffered of January and February.

of flea beetles during the month Among tbe. pechay and mustard, resistant plants were observed but unfortunately none of them produced seeds. · Rose rust appeared in the rose gardens at Singalong and Paa!l)', Bordeaux was tried and fotllid .to. he very effective. The susceptible varieties observed were Elene gol, Singapore Condesa lllld the immune. varieties Alfonso and Virgen. 'Abaca root-rot was discovered to be the ca.uae of most of the abllea·"diseases in Paete and Silang, This disease seems to be due to toxins present in the soil and not prflnarlly to organic disease, Under the microscope the newly diseased part of the roots showed . no sign of micrerorganism but they were dis colored. FARlll STATISTICS DIVISION

PBRSONNEL.

During the year there were 30 appointments made, of which 27 were by .original appointment, including permanent and tmnporary, and a by transfer from other Bureaus. There were 17 separations of which 12 were by · resignation and 6 by

........:

The 00mpi1atio� of data on crops and live.stock submitted by. provlneiaJ.: governors and �unicipal presidents, information concerning tlle Food Campaign and other activities of different divisions llf the Bureau, haW been the regular work of this divi�on. In view of .the ineonsisteney o:f the statements, every reply is' �ed before being entered in the compilation tables and this ·analysis constitutes the greater part of the work, It is estimated that during the year about 10,000,000 entries were Tl!ese were then classified by items, periods

:::1!u��:

A eonelderable amount of eortesponden� passed between this office and those of the municipal presidents with regards to apparent errors and mistakes, and delay in submitting 1·e· ports, as �.. � letters had also to be sent to the provin" eial govern� !TilJ)cnting to them the failure of the municipal . offleials Jn fOl'W'rding -� statements. In order to increase the sources of-infol'tl1Ati°1!.��.the crop reporting and thereby

�LAT� XIX

N!l\, ONnI\N>ua.cnr,,.,,,, Brn""'u orAc..,cuum,u.

N!,NETEF.NTH ANNUAL llEPOR'l'

FOOD CAMPAIGK

NJNETERNTI-I ANNUAL REPORT

yi!a�·:' �h'a� th�: ;.BUfiia.�. '.,h*l: Produ�·a; ·_.f0� .Pro'P,iigUti_?<P"ii_r� _ �se·�: pure �'trai:f!_�eed,._- _ _: .i:".'. ·,:. _ '... _,-,'.. '::'._.-·-, _· .·.::,:. ·:·�}_,,' >·_; ___ i ·.·.:, . _'.,'.

:_�� !i:ri;��ii�1:·� ;�J1J;�r:��ti�_!_:.;;�·;�� va�::::�1lt:· their v�talit),'.", J;he se_edfw_ei:e·_obtai ed ·fr9_m lli ,Ynit d /3tat� '

� �= � �_ Japan, Saigon, and. Sfa.1�\-' if,h.e'.�ap<J.)1e�e-v_arieties_._w�e incJuded_ since t�e_·-19_18 g,;nerahah��Y ·,t�t, �_ut }_i� _·po,t._-proYe·;to .be___a

�:�c�:s1i�·1:::,:::i _:_�ti:��tt�I{�?�.:s:d;71rh?lii:t;:�d.".i�.:

:1 the 1920' rari<?ty-test. _' ·.: - : .. :;._, . _ '', -:- · . :_.- . ·,_ ·.:. ·': Co�l..-iny T.est.�ne. :of tbe ess&ntial:_f;:.ctors-.in :,_the· ·s ?I.e'�ti6Ii. of _rice :Yal'ieties _is its cooking _qu:0Uih·; _!l�}?.�tter .h0;»'·.8:9od:the: v:a.riety.. is, its. cooking qnality_ shuul�·,be c_opsM_�r.ed,. �-o� :_ riC�.- i� grown_ for_ hJ1_man . food. _ ,Fo! this .l'�soi!_-:the_ .q�ii}ity, ,?f_: the finished ·pr_odud �ho!Jld be c_cmsid �i,-ed of._ vit�l ii;nport�nc� .. !U)d . .fo .on.e· ..th�t__ ,cool{s)well tl'!e. va_riety. t.o be sele �ted_ for pl�uti�g and is . p_alatable.· . There ar.e ..a larg(;i,_numb:er...o� ·\'..arietie_ s;)v_fli.ch ic i p · \ . �;��1: !;��:� :;: ��r� :nX'�l!·v:1at:::t;�!�;b��:rlttJJJ!· a number are red and dirty looking :�ut o_d_oromi: a�d ·palatabl_e _ em ii : when e-0oked, Some peop)e, especial_h'. t�e ._Ia,boring;cfusfs,.· � _ to like _ric.e that jg hard when cooked, but . generall_y.1J!c!OPfo_,want ·

NINJJTEENTH ANr.:UAL REPORT

a'white, vilrous, this reasonlhis to find out the increase in volume \'llrictie"s.

CORN

'.rhe work on corn has be€n increased during the year, both in La Carlota and Lamao stations, �specially in the line of seed production. Besides the al'€a devoted to this crop an a�di tional 8 hectares of land in La Carlota and about 6 in Lamao have· been cleared and planted to corn for the production of seed. Only seed propagation work is carrie,d on in Lamao. The main work on the corn project is made at our La Carlota Station. This work comprises the steps leading to the improvement and propagation of seed corn-variety test, ear-to-the-row test, in breedb1i and hybridizatio11, and seed propagation work. Its main obj�t is the production of good seed for distribution pur. -poses. Good swd corn for this country should be develuped frorn some high yielding flint variety or varieties, having other desirable characteristics such as keeping quality, to make it less sl!seeptible tc weevil, wMch is very troublesome. The total area planted to corn, including both the experimental and propagation crops, wa� nearly 20 hectares. Unshelled corn weighing 10,920 kilogr�ms was harvested from 9.8 hectares. Five hectares are under seed propagation work, three hectares 'under variety test and one hedare under ear-to-the-row test and the rest propagation field. From last year planting, 2,539 kilograms o� unshelled corn were obtained, which brought the total production for this year up to 13,459 kilograms. 'raking the total pro�uction of . corn at La Carlota, disregarding the effects of varietal differences, seasons, pest.'! and diseases and attacks of birds and animals it has been found that the average production per hectar� in La Carlota is only 15.29 cavans of shelled corn. But some of the varietie's pla11ted gave as high a yield per hectare as 31.18 cavans. &eel Prop!tgati<m.-The total production of seed corn by the

�:r� �;.:�i::r�/�::·t:!t::��;c�,c::io� e:�: �.;l�;s;ii;;:� a

direc� to Bacolod, Occidental Ncgros, from the station, and the remamder were left at the station for seed purposes. SUGAR PROJECT

The p�t year has witne81led the greatest inWrcst in the man ufacturing side of sugar pro uctio that has ? evei· been expe�

AvJ.w olfioldA <>llhaAll>l>angColliralRlo,ElnolilngSl•llon "ho,•!l,aRowT..1"'""1'""1, •'" ""''lodon.

NINETEENTH ANNUAL REPORT

[Merature.-In addition to numerous articles and circula1's on the subject of sugar, two thousand copies of a two hunched page book on cane production and sugar manufacture were pub lished. The book is being translated into Spanish and will he published during 1920. S'/J.fJIJT Cane DiBfribution.-The total numbru: of sugar cane points and cuttingll distributed during the year is 95,772, This amount represents the Bureau of Agriculture's thfrtoon be.st varieties. The Bureau of .Agriculture was also able to obtain several thousand points of sugar cane from private haciendas and dietrlbute them among the planters.

'°''""'

Hecalll!e of the general shortage of labor in Dammao, the station was nol as ably handled as it should have been. This together with the unfavorable climatic conditions reduced the number of plants set out. In view of thi'B fact only 26,490 plants were planted lnst.ead of 60,000 as last year. Ever since the real work on tobacco was started it has been the object of the Bureau of Agriculture to acquire the largeat possible amount of information regarding the dift'erent phases of tobacco culture. The resuJts obtained are important factors for the general improvement of the tobacco industry in these Islands. What has been done this year had practically the same object l!,S the one carried out in the previouB seasons with the addition of.several eXperiments. Three main lines of work on tobacco; namely, cultural work and acclimatization of foreign varieties and experimentation on curing and other fie]d tests, were taken up at the Tobacco Ex periment Sta.ti.on, Dammao, Gamu, lsabela. C1dtw,.e afld Seleetlon Work.-For this, there were planted in all 26,490 plants 10,856 of which formed the material for 'Selec tion work. Due to u.nfavorable climatic conditions in Dbmmao this year the planting in the perm1U1ent fleld was delayed, so the seed lings.became too old and the plants were abnormal. Transplant ing was begun on November 27, 1918, aud ended on February 4, 1919. Vuelta Abajo and Connecticut Havana showed bef;ter growth than Sumatra and Blumenstiel. The same condition was also noted among the native varieties among which are Anlpa Broadleaf, Ma\alatang Espada, B., Medium Fine Dam 'mao, Medium A. Repollo Danunao, Espada Dammao, Dammao Large Broad Leaf and Angadanan showed the best growth.

NINll'.fEENTH ANNUAL REPORT

APPL!CA1'IOKS RECEIVED

IKSURANCE BOARD

The Insm·ance Board, composed of the Director of Agriculture as chairman, and two other members, hold 011ly four meetings during the year, because the funds for per dicms and adminis tration expense allotted under Act 2573 were exhausted by the middle of the fiscal year. However, this did not hinder the work of the divfoion, inasmuch as matters of vital importance wei·e considered a'nd apprn;·ed during those sessions of the Board. In these meetini;m, the schedule of priees was revised in accordance with actual condiUons regarding work animals and a draft of a bill was recommended for approval to the. PhiHppine Legisla ture, which bill embodies amendments to articles 2, 1, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 15 of the Mutual Insurance of Work Animals law, as amended by the Legislature under Acts 2682 and 2764. }'IBER GRADING AKD !NSPECTION"

The system of grading and insJ)ection during the year just past ,Vas, on the whole, conducted in a most s_atisfactory man ner, ·The grading ostahfohments, having profited by their experience of previous years, by becoming thoroughly ac� quainted wiLll the official standard of grading and the pre scribed regulations gove1'Ili!lg the baling of fiber, contributed materially in minimi�ing the frictions between them and the inspectors, as happened frequently during the first years of the enforcemru1t of the fiber-grading law. There were less rej_ec tions of inspected bales during the year, yet the grading was kept up to its proper standard and the regulation governing baling and stamping was carried ou't by the different establish ments with less ·difficulty than formerly.

ABACA INVESTIGATION

Gn'e"�el)t€lmbe;-�3,.,ie11}�-t.cma��fr:�· s�1i,i,in� 't«:st' arr�· a�srui>��-� water retting t.,st of muguef and sis�I were carried, on in S�n

i::e11ctt . ;�t��!-�fy1Lt�t�;niu��:��::e::��;;r�:: 0

done bf �fr. ,Ro man G::Tomaneng, agricultural as�ist.�nt:at_ ' ��a · ,- ' ·Carlota Experim. ent Station '_ ; a'c�i�e'.us'ed ,w� an Itene,·,251. !11 .seve�Ui The·strippin_g·.m tests made it 'was found t�at._ ,;ith'. s�l- Ieii.vc� -the, machine . p�od!J-cect·70 per ·ce!lt·g'mde_A nlld 30.p�· cei:it �rade.� fib�r, while <with :rnagu�y J'eaVes it prodl\ced 6� Per ·.cent {F�ade � an� tHLp'er ·e;ent,gr�de C fiber.. Whether lhe.machine'cou)d-be-ad-.; · juiited to turn' out-i?;rade A:maguey was'not tried.. This shows that. �he ·. niacli(ne ' i_s · b6tter a ?apted for cleani�g \sisal :than . · maguey. The differe�ce ill ,stnpping sisul a!ld' :maguey ,Inay, �e accounWd for by the· ,fact that m,aguey ,fiber, bei11g' finer aud softer, cannot be Well stripped by the blades in the' mucliine, whereas sis!il being coarse1' and less pliable· fits very .w<1]l, ihl tJie· machine and so comes out much better cle3,n�. ·. It' th�refore follows that the maehine should be specially adju�ted, wh�riever'· it is to be _us�d to strlp maguey and that'it fa nev\lr, wise.. t6 strip maguey and sisal leavea interchangeably. KAPOI{ INVESTIGATION

La Carlota interel!t in

MJBOELLA:>,EOUS FlRER INVES'J'IGA T'ION

Nat1.. owa,ahnlurotrloolr>11obaoo. Phot°"'""�t•loon atSIIOJJ11, Ca•lle,J.9lll.