DA Annual Report 1922 by roldangorgonio

Tril':OOVERNotENTOFTHEl'HILll'l'JNE!SLANDS tlEfAHTMENTOFAGRICULTUREANDNATURALRE.SOLlRCES

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1922

ADRIANO HERNANDEZ DIRECTOROFAGRlCULTUllE

CONTENTS

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28 28

PL.U<!T INDUS'l'llT DIVIlIDN--Continued.

Horti lture ···-···-·-····-·-----······-· ... ·---·······--·······-········ Citrus·-····---·······-···--·-·-······ ·---···-----······-···-········· ·Acclimatlzatlon af citrus frnits at Lamao---··-··-···· .. . The 110Wbilit y of growing citrwi in awampyJand........ a Ohse1,vationsofdlsea8ell&l'!d:pests....... --·--···--··-···· Mulching ,cltl"llo at Lamao...·-·-···-··-·····-·-···· .•... stock observatloD�.--.-···-··-···-·······--···--··Forcingm11nd>lrint rooa t ofl'uit atTanaunn .•._ Varietyteatofcitrua atTanaua11 .Rejuvenation work nt Tannuan ____·-···-·-··---····· Mango·--·····----······-··· ..-· ··············-····· MBngovariety e t ot nt Lamao··-····-··---··-···· Forcingmalll:Otreea to fruit. ......_ ..... - ... Coff' ··-·-···-··-··-·····-··-··--······· ·-·····-· ·······----···-·-····· Selection11ndpzopngntionofcoll'e e atL1una11...._ . _. .... - ...... Root crops..____ · ·-···--·· ·········-··--·-·-···-····--······ Varietyl:<!Gti., otaweet potatoes at Lamao Varletyt.iriofeaooava atLamao.________ Propagation ofdlosr.:ore a atLamao...- ·-···-···· .. Pl"opagat!onofcnltivati!da1'Jids atLamao ......_ F111811pple -. ··-·---·-· .. ....--····--··-···---Ve ge table s····-· --··-·······-···-··-·· ·-·· Vnrietyte s;tofaoybeauntLamao ................_______ ... . .Propaga.tlonofbB11naandother]egumes at Lo11ll1o A.eclimatlzation of tomat.iea.......... - ............. Variety test of cabbage.......-·-·--·····-···-·-· Fertilizer teat on cabbu.ire .....-·········--·· Ferillli:er b!el !Ill rndlahes. -·-·-···-··-·-············· M;�cellnncous horticult:ure____________ ......... ·-····· ProPl<g"ntion of ban ana atLamno.........._ P?opagation ofpapayaeuttlngl! ..... ·-···--· Acclimatizati onoffruit trees....... ·-···-·"" Ve get ative propagntion atLamao.____ Fiber investigation"--···-··Abaca·· Variety test-·-····· -·-···-······-······· ····--··-··-·-···-· investigation •······ ·-···-···· · �;: -=::: ::.:::::::=::=�� .... ::� . Mfacelhweous fiber plant,,,,_ ................. - ... ·--·-······--····-···· The bust fiber pl.a �---·-········-···----··········- Panama hat p,ilm (Carludovic,z palmata ) Cotton ·· -·········--- .... ········-···-··- ···- ····-

h� 88 88 88 88

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90 90

100 100 100 100

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106 106

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109

116

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS •

Fucln11pap-

FLA:rEJ. (c.) A:n. imported pure bred Ayrshire bull in tho center with twoo!ll!s oftsprlng,ahoutl:enmonths old,out of imported pure Indian Nallora ooWB. Notice that they arebloekiel."thantl'!epunilndianoowa._.•••..-· (b) Yonng50-50 gra.da calves, the l>ffspring of the aame Ayrshire bull on the above illn•tration out af pure IndianCOWB. Ca!V&!I IGAa than onamonthold....._.. . II. A meatlzo pony,the p"OOuct ofael'OIISbetw1lan anAr>1Man stallion aud a B ai.Quga• mare.____ _ 1II. (11) Acrop of &-mon th old pu:rehred B lll"l1shil:e pigaraady :for ab;p,,...nt topubliebreeding•tation•........._... ... (b) Hog-hoUBCandyardwithportahlefence atCebu B reed ' ing:Station. In thefo:ooground at the lightcanbc 81!81lahrec<lingcrete for plgs.._..........- ..... ............. IV. Young Indian Runner dueka and artillciel pond at the Alabang Stock Farm ....···---·-·····-······-······-·-··················· V. (a) Trallllplantlng grafted carahao mangees. One y ear old grafted on ona and one-half yar old stock. SlngalongPropall'!lting andTl!llting Station.....-...... (b) Graftedeo1-..hao mangooa inboxtlllready:forohipment. Siogalong Propagating and Testing Station.- ....... . VI. (11) Grafted ca:rahoo mango on a 2-ycar old stock, Novem ber 18, 1921, floweJ."00 :for the firet time i n March, 191!2. Singalong Propagating and Teatiug Station.. 0) Budded eeedle•• ma.bolo Uu;tlng 11t the age of three yeu.ra,. SingalongPropagating andTeotingStation.. VIL Center view of the ooll'ee nursery at Lipa Demonstration StatioD, BatangaaProvince..........-···-·····-····-·· "··-··············· ' VIII. (a) Nunery of ca?ahao mangoea MCBntly ,Q"1'afted. Malolos Provi1u:ial Nu1·aery, Mnlolos, Bulacan......- ····-·· (b) Anothervlowofthe nuniery.,-···-···-·-·-·-·-···-·············.. IX. Partial view of the variety te.ot of corn at Lamao Ex··········-··-····-······-·····-······-·· perimentStatioll X. (a) A pm,tion d Guinell gl'aa, plantation at Lnmao Exriment Station.............._, ....,-······-·····-······-·····..········ (b) A partbtl view of Nnp!er grass plan t ation at I.11mao ExperlmentStation..-·······················--··-······· ·····-····-···· XI. {CII) ZIIC4t.. Hla.nca tk, Ho11du>"a8 at L11m110 Exp,,rl!nent . Station ..•....._... _...............................................-·····-······· (b) Millet, Tombll.n1l'11 vu:iety at L11mao Experin1ent Sto.tion ..

62 oa

LIST OP ILLUSTRATIOKS

TWENTY�SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BiJREAU OF AGRICULTURE Sm: I have the honor to present hercin the Annaal Report of the Bureau of Agriculture for the year ending December 31, 1922. '1'o conform to the crop seasons of the different products, the crop statistics given in this reiiort are, however, for the yen'r ending June 30, unless otherwise specified. With the exei!ption of rice, abaca, and maguey, all other im portant crops registered decreases in production as compared with the previous year, and a general reduction in value11 for 1921-22. The sudden drop in prices of agricultural products which during the previous year ca.used a general dissatisfaetlon among the farmers, COI1.tmued steadily tbis year with distressing ef fects on the growers as evidenced by the decreased areas planted to the leading p1°lldncts of the Islands. M, a wlwle, prices fell 46 per cent during the year 1920-21, and in 1921�, 24 per cent more. As result of this, money hec.ame sca.ree and consequently cultivable lands eould not be prepared in ma'ny regions and were le:ft idle, while in oth,JU" parts portions of lands were not harvested and the crop was left standing in the fields as it would not pay to harvest them. Weather conditions were particularly unfavorable in many district.s, especially in the Ca.gayan Valley, where the prolonged drought during the months ot September and October dried Up the tobacco seedlings, which could not be replaced for lack of money. Several typhoons attended by heavy rains and floods cut down the production of sugar cane, tobacco, and corn pei· hectare and locusts and other plant pests did some damage also to the different crops, while the prevalence of animal diseases hin dered farm operations. Still the losses from these causes were not so very great. The following table showing the area cropped to the six leading products, rough rice, sugar cane, coconuts, aha.ca, corn, and tobaceo, the value of the production, the annual per cent

'IWllNTY-SEGOND ANNU,l.L REPORT

13 .laean, La Union, Qapfa, and Batangas. Their combined area planted and production was 926,980 hectares and 28,129,090 ca.vans againat 952,290 hectares and 27,579,990 cavans last sea son, or a deerl!ll.lle of 8 per Cl!nt in the area planted but !1Il increase of 2 per cent in the yield. These provinces raised this year 66' Pel" oont o£ the total production, while in 1920-21, the same provincea held 66 per cent. This decrease in the centers of produetion despit.e the larger crop gathered as a whole in the Islands indicates that other provinces plwted to rice part of the land previously deV-Oted to other Cl'QPS, as in the case of the provinces of Mindoro, Sorsogon, Marinduque, Leyte, Samar, Misamis, :Mountain Province, Masbate, Romblon, and Surlgao, which all planted this year the largest area t o rice thsy ever did, totaling 205,690 heetares,. while last year they had only 172,500, which shows an increue of 19 per cent. The following table shows the area cultivated, the produetion, the average yield per heetare, the average price, and the total v:alue of tbia crop in the Islands sine! 1910: TABLE II

COCONUTS With ne!U'iy 960,000 more new trees planted than in the preceding year and with over 2,900,000 new trees coming into bearing cocpnut.a registered during the year reviewed a decrease of_ 6 per cent in the total number of nuts gathered and of 2 p� cent in .the production of copra. This decrease was due to unfavorable weather conditions during the last two years which delayed the maturing of the nuts, thereby caush1g.a los.s of 9 per cent In the yield per tree as eompared with the yield obtained in 1920-21. However, t" li is decrease was partly made up by the greater quantity of meat contained in the nut.a, since only 286 were needed, on the average,

TWENTYÂ·SFCOND ANKUAL RF..PORT

worst reduction in both hectaxage was Occidental Negros. Its area this a de.crease of 11 per cent from lhe previous years, production was 3,231,160 piculs against 3,832,170 last season or a decrease of 16 per cent. Other leading provinces, too, registered dBereases in both area and yield, as Batangas, Iloilo, and Mindoro; but Pampanga, Tarlac, and Laguna sufficiently offset them with regard to ihe area planted, but fell several thousands piculs short on the yield. The dec1·ease in tile production was generally registered in the grades of muscovados in favoi: of the centrifugal sugar, a fact that shows the influence of the ce11tra\s. Of the toLal production obtained this year, 28,650 piculs, or 0.4 pei• cent, were refined sugar; 3,111,,110 piculs, or 43.3 per.cent, were centrifugal sugar; and 4,059,980 piculs, or 56.3 per cent, were museovados. In the preceding year these grades participated in the total pro duction with 1.0, 35.1, and 63.9 per cent, respectively. The prices obtained for the different products of sugar cane we�-e very low as compared With those paid during the last seasons. Sugar averaged M.24 per picul this year airainst

TWENTY-SEOOND ANNUAL REPORT

1"11.01 last year; pu,nocha-, 1:"6.84 per picu\ against �11.96; b�i, T"0.1 9 per liter· again.st 'i"0.21; and molasses, 'P0.13 per hter ag ;i:\:�;.,�� table shows the area Cultivated, the production of sugar, jl{Ui1l)Chas, bMi, and molasses, the average yield: o:f sugar and panochas, per hectare, the average prices and the total value of this crop since 191 0:

For this erop there were li49,960 hectares planted with a total production of 6,41 6,450 ca.vans of ehelled eorn that was mar keted !01• 'it-29, 125,200, Though there was an inerease of 1 per cent In the area cultivated the prodaetion was 7 per cent less than In 1920-21, due to the heavy rains and the conse(luent floods .vhich did considerable damage especially in the Province of Cebu which leaibi in the production Of this grain and which in normal years produces over 87 per cent o1 the tot.al ..c.rop of the Islands. Thia year, with. more land under cultivation, f it only produced 80 per cent of the total c1-op and fell_ of 20 per cent from its last year's crop.

BUllEAU OP AGRICULTUllE

'X-WENTY.sECOND ANNUAL REPOlrI' TOBACCO

This crop suffered the worat reduction among all the crops of the Islands, in area. planted, production, average yield per hectare, and total value. From 59,870 hectares planted on!), 650,580 quintals of tobacco leaf were gathered. Compared with the figures for 1920-21, these shows a decrease of 34 per cent in the area cropped and 43 per cent in the yield. In 1920-21, the s11dden fall of prices disoomaged many plant ers snd thereby they reduced the area of their tobacco lands, but relatively speaking they gathered a large crop and with the slldden decline in the exportation of cigars, cigarettes, and leaf tobacco registered in 1921 coupled with a decrease in the local consumption, the growers found themselves at the beginning of the 1921-22 season with large quantities unsold while dealers and manufacturers held on to extraordinarily large amounts and stopped buying. These facts, together with the unfavorable weather conditions, call.!led the reduction referred to above. It is worth rellll!,l'king, however, that before the close of the agrieulturlµ year prices advanced somewhat on a."ccount of some reaction in the tobacco trade and the reduced production expected from the si;andfng crop. The crop was valued !11.60 per quin� ml more this year than last but though the total value in the municipal markets was !1'6,019,870, there was a decrease of 82 per eent from 1920-21. Tl).e provinces worst hit were Cagayan, Pangaeinan, Cebu, La Un!on, and Isabela. These provinces gave 83 per cent of the total produc;l.i.on in 1920-21 .while this year tliey bad only 78 per cent.,

lllAGUEY

For identical reasone as thooe indicated for abaca and tobacco the enltivated lands under magney sufl'ered a reduction oi' 9 p�·

SWEET POTATOES

The figures for the hectal·age of thia staple food for the year Hl21-22 disclose a substantial increase of 17 per cent over those of 1920-21, and also the indication that its cultivation was ex tended noticeably in certain provinces. In fact this indication is disclosed, too, from the figures for rice, showing thereby that tho farmers this year raised more food crops than those used as price materials for manufactured products. The area cultivated thi� year was 74,580 hectares and that fo1: the last, 63,560 hectares. However, heavy rains and extrao1· dinary floods did damage of considerable extent to this crop, but because o f the larger area planted the loss sustained in the total production was partlr offset. Of that area there were har vested 187,570,000 lciios in 1921-22 and 191,022,000 kilos jn 1920-21 and the respective values were 'I'-8,7.J.2,600 and ·P-3,240,800.

TWEJiTY-BECOND·'AlffiuAL REPhRT

20\

r t all! :::;t��:;:;: ��=,��::, :::!�! o;f ::c, :: ei

9 per eent less than that obtained last \)'ear and that :fol' coffee, 22.

- -. --�-;_-�l'llM,OCC 685,800 ��;:;;:1,li69li00

-• ••1mi/H 1H LIVESTOCK A.a usual the animal figures that are presented herein are one year late, that is, fol' December 31, 1921. This inevitable delay is due to the ut er impossibility of completing the compilation t of the schedules for December 81, 1922, within the short time f!lapsing between that date and that fixed for s.ubmitting the pnsentreport, During the last decade, the rate of deaths from diseases wel'e : carabaos, 1.2 per cent; cattle, 1.8; horses, 1.4; hoge, 8.1; goats, 2.3; and sheep, 1.9. · The nwnber of animals baa been steadily inereaaing during the last decade, and the average annual increase was 6.8 per cent for carabaos, 10.4·for cattle, and 6.7 for hol'&es, but those· rates are falling off to 5.4 in 1920 and 5.0 in 1921, for carabaos; 5.4 in 1920 and 3,8 in 1921, for horse.s. Cattle rose to 11.8 in 1920 but fe1I to 10.6 in 1921. While the rates of deaths have advanced considel'ably to 1.5 per cent in 1920 and to 3.0 in 1921, for carabaos; to 1.6 per cent in 1920 and 2.7 in 1921, for

21 cattle. Horses roseÂˇ to 1.6 par c()Jlt in 1920 but fell to 1.1 in 1921.

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

23 Op"1"atUm statement, spoeial appr"pdatw,u;, J,..n,w,ry J to Do0"1!Wer 31, JY22

During the year the net expenditure of the BmÂˇcau of AgriÂ culture under Act 2997 was 'l"l,175,880.06, or i"0.2S8 per capita, the farming population according to the Philippine Census in 1918 bein!l," 4,081,302. GENERAL RE11ARKS

To maintain the standard of efficiency desired, efforts have been taken to discourage the personnel of this division from fra=ferring to other bureaus, so the work of this division was kept up to date, pmctically throughout the year. 'l'here were, however, several changes made among the messenger force, but this did not materially afl'cct thc_serviec. The following fa the record of personnel of this Division:

�

TWENTY-SECOND .ANNUAL REFOR.T

Qor,•espondmu:e.--There were 43,680 letters reeeived as against 46,814 the previo[ts year, or a deerease of 7 per cent, and 1SZ,000 letters sent as against 12.0,ZiZ of the previous yea),", or an inerease of 9! per cent. From the year 1918 up to December, 1922, there has been a steady increase in the volume of eorrespondence. The amount of 1J'6,766.60 was spent for mailing, distributed aa folloW2: '1"70.64 191.4.6 114.'12 139.98 427.08 680.92 288.08 1,198.05:! 4(14.48 466.72 507.82 1$8,24 282Jl6 846.18

Total_.,.................. 6,766.60 For the same item of last year, the amount elq)ellded was Ptl,416.54. Comparing the expenses of the two years, a decrease of about 60 per cent is noted. During the year, there were 1,668 telegrams sent as against 1,660 the previous year, the expenses for � telegrams sent out befug fJ.>11,298.14, against ;;2�!2n!·;s last year, These were charged. to the following dli'86.o4 16,81 27.81 167.07 &88.90 1.68 100.71 2'16.02 200.27 080.89 16,68 37.91 140.46

Total numLcl' o{ l\orcee 1,ama'n'Tig

Number 0ÂŁ mules at the beginniug of )881' Numbc1Âˇ oI mules that diod <luring tlio year.... Tota,\ . .. ............. . ....... .... .......

TWENTY•.SE<:OND ANNUAL REPORT

Besides automobile and calesa transportation orders, street ear tickets were issued to employees of the Burei.u, During the year there were 2,676 ftrst-elass and 11,682 second-class street car tickets bought and 2,421 first-class and 11,016 second. class used by the employees of the different divisions of this Bureau. About 90 per cent of these tickets were Wled by live stock inspectors st.ationed in the city who are on meat inspection duty and quarantine wol'k in the City of Manila. ACCOUNTI."<IG DIVISION

At the beginning of the year, the Accounting Division had 24 employees. Six of the old and experienced employees left the service and three new men were appointed, ACTMTl&S

As in 1921 the Division had three sections; namely, the Book· keeping Seclion, Auditing Section and Agricultural Colony AJ:.. counts Section. Eaell employee ,vaa alllo assigned a particular task and abiftings were made at times for tlle good of the service. The procedure in 1921 in paying salaries and accounts and in recording the e.�penses and income of the Bureau of Agri culture under different claesifieationa of expenses and income and functions of each division was followed. The fonetional accounts were 411 in number the same as in 1921. As pel' a new circular of the Insular Auditor, we were also required to submit to the Bureau of Audits ten-day trial balances from January 1, 1922, until March, since when we made ten-day l'eports. This innovation has inc1'eased tlte work of the division by about 50 pel.' cent. The campaign started bi 1921 for the collection of our account.a 1"ece.ivable was continued. Our books show that dul'ing the year we were able to collect about twice ot the amount eolleeted in 1921. During the year the dMsion was required to submit a con siderable number of rush statements. One of these was the statement of income and expenditm·es of each station of the Bureau of .Agricultlrn,, Spooial eff?1-ts liave been and a1'e being made to straighten out th.e Antl!l'iean Colony Accounts, particulal'b• to determine the ea.sh and lnerchandL-oe accountability of the former Supel.'intend ents of the Colony, as well as that of the pre;;ent h1cmnbe11t,

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

TWENTY"SECOND ANNUAL RKt'Ol!T

ACTIVITIES

WET MASH VERSUS DRY ï¿½lASH AS FEED FOR CliIOI{S

The results may be seen on the following table;

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

The result of this pl'eliminacy work in chick feeding shows: 1, �he wet mash system of feeding will produce an increaee in weight Over the dry system of feeding. 2, In these two systems of feeding the dry mash system has too great percentage of mortality. 3. In both systems of ftleding, the morlality is not noticed to any extent after the second week, showing that after that time the chiclt's digestive sy-stem has developed to such an extent that it can handle both kinds of feeds with no detrimental results and the chicks can pick up more of the food that is wasted which servea to balance the ration.

Beginning March, 1922, only tiqui-tiqui and copra meal wel'e fed to growing pigs in the proportion of 10 parts tiquf.tiqui and 2 parts of copra meal. To brood sows; 10 part.a tiqul-tiqui, 2 parts copra meai and ,1 part blood meal. Beglnning August, the proportion given to swine was Ulcreased by { part only of rorn. Some nrlnerals were added to mixed feed in the proportions as follows: To 1,000 kilos mixed feed for swine, 8 kilos salt, 10 kilos powdered oyster shell, 10 kilos calcium phosphate, and sometimes 8 kilos sulphur. To 1,000 kilos of mixed feed for lay:ing hens, 20 kilos pow dered oyster shell, 6 kilos common salt, and S kilos calcium phos phate. To 1,000 kiloa mixed feed for gromng chickens, 10 klloa pow dered oyster shell, and 3 kilos calcium. phosphate. Same amount of mii:leral is added to every 1,000 kilos of feed for small ebielm. For horses and work b11llocke salt only ie added, 10 kilos to every 1,000 kilos mixed feed. Cropg Hanooted

Caasava1110retban2beal:arell. Corn more than 2 hectares. Mangomorotha.nU hectal'M. Camote morethan 1 beetare. PalaylllO?etban� hClltaN. Banana suak&ra60.

624 kilo& (morethan� of the c1·op st:lll to b� haneswd). S64deyoornean. 71Skilo.s.

TWENTY-SECOND ANKUAL REPORT

UUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

aftm·noo11.

:J3

'l'WEN'IY..SECOl'm A:';"NUAL R1'POR'1'

'f\VENTY-SECOND AXKUAL REPORT

l\m'E.-In .<he table above, ,ice is meusul'cd in'gantas and the 1Â·cst of the focd In kllos.

TWENTYÂ·SECO!\D ANNUAL REPORT

Project No. 4-G--Ccb,, ffrccdiï¿½{I Statio"

T\VEN'l'Y-SECOKD ANNU11L REPORT

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·::g��;r;�i;�:;·�;�;:;;;r::;J.· · _s1)1all lium�er of aow!' b!ed iS ·�ue ito t!i,� 1\:n:11ted ntimber .{ound

. !:. !��:ii:�: ·»{:t�;�;diit:;r�1�:� ::� �r:::i·t�:�: e

.tAl.��.abang·duri ;i!

r��id.�om'· � Novem_� fo1: a ntl.J� ex�iment.. , Eighteen .kids Wo;!ru:epo1'ted.,,dropl)ed,:ijired:bY ,billy:.g?6i No. 804. 1'.ou.!�1'1/·�The.'Chicke, l;latajied du\'llig ·the eal'ly parj;:o�. ,the

=��;��=� ;��n ��,;�

·!!:fe!f��::::.� 4ir!�?p·:t::i'dt��:i�� !: !� f

d p.rl ng NoV��er. and :ne:�ber y;rhe!l the we!'t�er wa.s . -:�� d _

in:�;:: �:�:::t

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washed with a 2 por cent 'of potasillum permanganate solution. · This treatment gave,fairly,g'ood !'esults.

TWMNTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

and dis85B rn, 4W m 275

TWENTY•.SECOKD ANNUAL REPORT

July .and has not allowed to serve since then. Grade stallion Prop, No. 442 and American stallion Prop. No, 864 were in good condition throughout the year. Cattle.-'l'he bulls .are loaned to persons owning hei-ds and are left exclusively in their l!f:lte and management under the S!lpervision oi our fieldrnen. Breeding work on this project wa;:; very satisfactory. It is very interesting to note here that many of the people in thia province have now grade cattle of our }mils, The offspring are vigorous and strong animals ha\ing inherited the salient l.lharaeters and qualities of the bulls. That they are resistant to rindeniest is proved again by the fad that none died dul'ing the two conSCl.lutive years that this produce wasil'lfectedwithsaid disease. Swine.-There are two Bei-kshltes and one Poland Chlna boars in the Oriental Negrns breeding staions. Oue of tile Berkshire boa.rs is In Guihulngan and the other in Zamboa11guita, while the Poland China' boar is in the Duroaguete breeding station. They lll'e greatly admired by the public and as a result there is a large per cent of grade pigs in those towns. Goat$ and slwep.-There are two male goats and two male sheep for public breeding i::t this province. They are loaned to fat•mers having ilook o! goats and sheep. The results ob tained from this project were sa.tiafii.ctory taking into considera tion the ehortpedod since its start. Poultn1.-At the ·beginning of the year there were 89 fowls at this station. Dming the year there were 55 rais'ed, 26 sold, and 26 died. A total of 1,839 eggs were laid during the year, of which 888 were sold, 586 incubated or put under setting hens, 303 were hatched, and the rest culled and fed to 11ewly hatched chicks. Amountreceivecl!ronia11lesofeg�andchickens Amount.re<clvedfrmn aole$o£suck!!ngp!g•.-· .. · ..

1•13ii.12 S4i!..OO

Liva �ta�k trrn1wu:Uon.

I'l'Oj,n,t N,,. ll...G-Bayom6ot1g Calt/,i B,·Mdiug Stati,m

An area of approximately 400 heetares of pasture land owned by pl'ivate indlvicluals was tfil!lporarily assigned for the Bul'eatt

Yo,,olnOian R"nnorO"ok,ondortlfi<laloondattt,e AlobaooStoekFa,m

TWl>NTY-SECOND AN:"!UAL RIDPOl1T SA)l JOSB POULTRY-SWINE Oll'ATION

SAN -ï¿½NTONlO POULTRY-SWINE STAT!Ol\-

SAN'fA BARllARA l'OULTRY-SWDiE STATION

48 ,.

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL RRPORT Total ;no<>ffll! af tl,o dlvioion

Receipts from s1iles of live etool< ...........•.•.......•. ..... 1'20,290.84 Approximatcvalueofoni01alstu1nedovertcschools 1, 170.00 under the Bu.reau ofEdutatiou... - ....•................... Estimated value of o!i1prlngs produced by public b?aetlingsit"I!•···········--····················-·····-·-······-··· 105, 700,00 Total ............... .--·····

1�1 . ·,�

.. .. ... ............ , ......... 127, 160.84

--�::- ::·:X¥::i ....·::� �::;1�\�F�., ..I mi"'"-" ."'\n-...1 '..!.'.'I "'·."" ! · ·1 '" "\::\ ·····: :\.· 1•· · ·\I· ' \ .. , . "' ·I """'"I ,""'"'I· i Sale• of buTe,m a"i111als

. . .... . . . . "·'"

I "r·�·",, ., ... "t·oo·I·

, . 0.001 "1

I" .! ...... ! 4, �uo ... ' ., ... ·(· ... , .. ·,· '"I,..., ... , I I I

B�o

, ....

I I I

,u, ..

-�·- �i.\�¥6�r�i=i� No E,�:.. -- �•

tak

;·· 1:�

J9ll-

""""°'"�-m 1I,.•,.=•""""'"" '."1' " ul:l� .. 1 ..t•:..

�=

1,o,.:;;:•J,;:.,: ,0� ''" eo ::,, BrtlOll!n" St• 0

�

u,,,,.i,n�

141

28 Z1.

1304<1

1.4-711

HIO

l4B

z.e 00

81&0

4100

1,718

Pll4 178

16661

:1iO lD Ollli

li66

l $'1

162 l

�o:i•s�

1.llllo tit!

SS70II

!74 H

1GB06

745

'1118&

11980

19!!ll

11114

<I'll !I

100

!O!&I

0800

loll

l21J.1

rn,

Bll'l 10

8098

160

_ -----·

a12�!l

2,,:'.�

9011

280,0

11&11

174H

21120

121100

J,6011$

1 1�.ou_��

_AC'l'IVITIBS

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT (o.) WLLF.nl'rnN ()1,''1E}\llfil1Sil!l'FEES

BUREAU OF AGRICp:LTURE

The number of hea.d insured is. 11,281 (Table F) and the number of deaths is 812 (Table E), giving an average mortality of 'T.2 per cent. · Since only 5 per cent was charged fol' animals not irnmunilled and 4 per eeDt for immunized in accordance with the J.!iw; there was a considerable loss, whieh has almost ex hausted the r�serve fund of the association. The only way to counterltalance the Io.sf! seemed to be to increase the rate of premiums· to B per cent for animals not immunized and 6.4 per cent for immurrlzed, as· approved on June 2, 1922, by the Insurance Board in ibl Resolution No. 32, series 1922, on the condition that there should not be any draft animal accepted for insurance, which i.s not vaccinated with the Beynton vaccine or simultaneously immunized. But when the resolution ,vas to be enforc1:1d, the Seerebu-y of Agl'iculture and Natural Resources recommended the temporary suspension of the operations of the Insurance society and, in ordei· to guard against future loase.s that the rate of morj;ality of work animals in the Philippine.s be more carefully invGstigated. The data so gathered will be the basls of the new rate of premium. This 1�com!l:lendation of the Secretary was subsequently 8Jll?l"OVed by the Board, but due to the Government policy of stringent economy, the work could not be done: To eondnct the investigation, it wollld have been nece&sary to increase the pe1'Sonnel of the Division thereby im:reusing the expenditures of the same. In view of tliis, the Division is left no activity other ,tlJan to settle n.11 mattel"s pertaining to all the policies still in .force up to July 81, 192S, until the higher authorities order otherwise. To carry on the work of the Division as before with the actual number of personnel would not be possible; no1· would it be advisable to again 11S11ign the othe1• fieldmen of the Bureau to act its agents. This has been tried and was wholly uruatiafa�tory, the other fieldmen be.illg' unable to perform properly both their own work and thi.t of agents of the Insurance Division. The Division should have agents of its own. imnoNSTR<\.TlON ,um F��'l'ENSION DlVISION l'EllSONNEL

The perso11nel of this Division at the beginning of the year, 1922, consisted of 150 employees. On Februai.-y 4, 1922, the Chief of the Division was detailed to wo1·k in connection with the Agricllitural Colonies, and :Mr. L, Hidrosollo was then made Acting Chief till the end of the year.

TWE:NTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

The Division now hM fiftr-oue mell in all. ORGA:NIZ,\TION

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

LIPA DEMONSTRATION Sï¿½'A'JION the

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REI'ORT

best, under Batangas conditions, as to resistance and productivity and the amount of shade needed by each. With regard to citrus, an orchard consisting of pineapple, Jaffa, Ruby and Washington Navel oranges, Lisbon and Eureka lelllons and Siamese seedless pornelo he.s been planted to detei.· mine which of these varieties would suit the c:limatfo and soil conditions of the province. These are all budded plants of the best varieties of citrus found at the Lamao Experiment Station. An orchard of grafted mangoes and S8Vera) rows of different va:dsties of <forage crops, two vaxieties each of camote and sugar cane have bee» planted for demonstration purposes, and about flve thousand of calamondill and three tho1188nd mango seeds were also planted for stock purposes. '.I.'hese will be budded or grafted when they attain the right size, for distribution du.ring 1928. _Miscellaneous vegetables, especially pechay, radish, tomatoes and egg plants, a considerable amount of selected seeds of the · last two named of which have been produced for distribution purposes in Batangas a;; weil as in the Central Office, have been planted. The following figures aN some of the income of the station:· Total amO'llnt of collection from sales oi gNWn '1"310.17 crops and IIE<!dll nga__,_.... --...·-·-··..·-·-·····-"· Value of seeds nndseedlingsdistributedfreeof ch11t:a --··-·---·-····--··-·..--·-··-·--......____.,.__ B59.0l Eatinu,:tedvslueofcrop;;undi•tclbutedBttheend 5,889.l!O of the year....·--··- ·······-·-.. -·-··-..-···-··· Total ...•-......... -..• _ ... , ........... - ..-......_......___ Tntalexpanses ofitation during theyeRr-····-·-

6,569.08 2,1S'1.50

Net income....... .............. ·-·-··-..··-.. ····-·-

4,221.52

BANTA CRUZ DEMONSTRATION STATION This station is located in Santa Cruz, Lagnna Province, and is also propagating different varieties of coffee, eorn, vegetables, and fruit trees for distribution purposes, as in the two stations mentioned above. About two thousand mango seeds and three thousand calam.ondin were planted in this station for stock pur _ poses, to be grafted later on and distributed in Laguna. Due to lack of funds, however, only one laborer aslll.sted by anothei• paid by the province was employed. Therefore, there is much room foi: improvement. The following flguroa &how the returns from the station:

Total expenses d1>dng the yen1. ..

427.% 4iW.27

TWEN'!Y-SECOl',W AXNUAL REPORT

BUR1"il.U OF AGRICULTURE

TWENTY-SECO;\/D ANNUAL REPORT

SINGALONG PROPAGATING AKD 1'BSTJNG S'l'ATJO.N

DUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

COUi'ERA'l'IVE DEMO!\:STAA1'IOK WOï¿½K

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAT, REPORT LECTURES AND CONFERENCES

ORGANIZATWK 01<' CHAï¿½UlERS OP AGH,IClJLTURD

BUREAU OF AGRICDLTLRIS

FOOD C0IPA1GN

'Â£WENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

(�) NDr&OIY of ,.,aboo ma,0001 rcoonl�u ::l•d. l

fllaloloo fmloolo

U,)A,olh,r,lowaflhtNor .. ,1

Nunery, Maiolo�

BUREAU OF AGR(OULTURE

ACTMTIES

As a re.suit of this decrease in personnel a corresponding de crease had to be made in the aelivitiea of tbe. p.ivision, and accordingly instead of data on forty different crops as before statistical :figures for only ten were compiled. However, the division continued gathering data on the thirty other crops, to com.pile any portion thereof by the actual ioree, if possible, after the ten leading ones were duly worked out. This re.duclion in personnel and activities is t.o be sincerely regretted. Not only is there gi'owing every year a keener and grea.ter interest on the part of farmers and businessmen for securing the information of this division, to say nothing of the demand from other countries, but agricultural statistics are greatly needed and sought fo1· legislative purposes also. As a matter of fact, the division was of material value to the Legislature this year in providing the necessary information for the enactment of legislation concerning the new rice tariff and the restriction of animal importatious, in particular. There are in the Islands very delicate fruits highly prized in foreign markets on which information should be gathered and published: there are likewise other fruits and nuts and a long list of vegetable Cl'Ops whieh are successfully growing in the Islands and yet are chief articles of importation. It is sincerely believed that the proper dissemination of in formation on these product..s would help growe1•s and dealera tn the province dispose of their pro.duets to much greater ad vantage and greatly help the development of the fl'nit and vege table industry in the Islands. The aggregate value of the fruits, nuts and vegetables Im ported by the Islands during the last five years, according to :figures of the Bureau of Customs, was P-21,569,000 or an annual value of 1"4,318,800. PERSONNEL

At t.he beginning of the fiscal year covered by the present report the p1.1rsonnel. of the Fiber Division consisted of one chief, one assistant chief, seven supel'vls!ng :fl.ha• inspectors, eighteen fiber inspectors, twenty-six assistant fiber inapectors, one assistant agronomist, i"wo agrieultul'al assistants, six clerks, and several laborers. On December 31, 1922, there were 47 technical men, 6 clerks, and 25 temporary employees,-seven less than at the begin-

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

FIBER Gl!ADING AND INSPF:CTION

65 therefore, expect unconditional support in our effort to slop of all,

twenty-one grading estab-

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL HEPOR'l'

But despite the increase in the numbe1Âˇ of estublishmenls the amount of fees collected for fiber grading licenses decreased aa follows:

Docreasa in calloclion an grnding permit,, .

'1'2,300.00

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

Tote,,! produoli1111 of a!niaa (Maui!... /Hinp) in tko Pk,'lippino lsWl>ds lfflriAD tlio yoa�• 1D£1-19�f3

Pnuludi<m of 'IIU'QH•U (oo.n:tula.), m!llmine-clolffl8<l in the Pki/.ippi,w, Islalldsoi.tri,igtkog1lll's1911H-1BSS --�1a�•..i�:---

m1 Y�1m

��-,i

1·�-::,0.:.r�

Pro<luot'Wlloffflll01IIIU (c1mfula),mMl1i,w..ol11G11o<l in fhePkitippin• la"'ml• dunJIQ 1/,e i/Oa'l'810!£l-,lO�S

\ -- --·

\ �\ I� --------

TWEN'l'Y-sECOND ANNUAL REPORT

Praduo«on o/ti:lal, rdfed, intkaPMlippiile faland:i during the yo,.rs 1Sfl1-J!Jfl!l

Produclim of B;e,.1. �,a.ohlne-oloa.urd, {n tM PMlimiffia Jsfunds dul"ing tkettf(EJ'810:1-19iB

�4il� ----- ...- .::-:.-1U_JlLJ

------

·· ·········I -- ----·---

_�-9�

.. _

1..1071

. ___

l, llll"

P,,id,i,nion of pMol fibor in ti,e Pkil;ppffl8 /8umd2 d,i,-/ng !Ju !/Mf'lr 19l1-1S2S. Dw,ing the year 1921 there were produce� 689 balCI!of paeol fiber, while in1922,tbere'Wl'1'8onlyl08 bal""lll'adem-ea�of'40llbalea. Ai!t:ivitiu:

1, Plant and seed selection, 2,Varietyt<lstofdifferentcrops. a. Aegliwatizal:i011 toots. 4.Fertmzerte!lk. 6.Hybridization. 6.Cultutal ,:xpei:Jments. 7.L<lngevityter.taofaeeds, 8,l'zeijervationand storapof.plnntand seedJllll.terlala. 9.Comparative tests of fiber plants. 10.Crop rotatlon experimentg. 11, Experimentson tho produet(onot: t.obacco wrappm:s. 12. Seed prodactlon and plant propagation, 1S. Plantandsllll<lintrodacti<m and di1scmln11tion. 14,Agric11ltuml eiploration and inV<!lltigatlon. 16.Coilperative mcperlmenlation, Prepll.l'&tionof.materlab for publ!cmtlon. During the year the division cauied on 147 .experimental tests; bad 304 coBperative experimenters, wrote two bulletins; eight cireulars; twenty press items, and seven arlieles for the Philippine Agrieultural Review. Besides the above, the divi sion also p1".:!pared 51 B. A, Forms to ensure a uniform system of reporting its aetivities in the different stations.

BUB.EAU "OF AGRIOUL'l'Ull.E

The followill!I" table shows the activities of the dh"iSion for 1922 as compared with 1921,

The seed· and plant distrlbutfon work was tranBfer1-eed on March 8, 1922 to the Demonstration and Extension Division. The Plant Industry Division was thus relieved of much routine work and could give more time to the main objects of th1:1 division, lla.tflely, experimental, resea:cch, investig&.tional, and exploration work. Since August the division has had three insteacl of two, as before, main sections, namely, the Agronomy, Horticulture and Fiber Sections. PERSONNEL

During the early part of the year there were in all 51 em ployees of the Plant Industry Division. At th'e end of the yeu· there Wel'e only 41 left, Ol' a decrease of 19.60 per cent. The following is the 11tatus of the personnel of this division:

The font new appointees are members of the consulting staff e.nd are rendering- gratuitous service. LABOR

The labor fo1'C6 of the different stations We11! gi.·eatly re!lticed due to the rekenchmcnt policy of the Government. The sta tions, with the exception of Lamao Experiment Station, a1·e greatly handicapped for lack of men.

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL l!El'ORT PEIOLANENT lil!PROVB11:ENTS

BUREAU OF AGR(CULTUllE

mental work in its experimental stations for lack of funds; so, p1u·11ons who are interested and whom the Bureau believe can be relied upon to furnish the data required are made cm6pera tor11 of the Bureau. The Bureau furnishes, tln-ough the Plant Industry and Demonstration and Extension Divleione, seed and plant materials free of charge to its eol!perators. Thus, it may be able to recommend later what plllllts are and what are not worth recommending for planting in certain localities. SEED .A:Nl) PLANT INTRODUCTION, PROPAGATION AND D1Bl'Rll3UT!0N The following shows a summary of the seed and plant intro duction, propagation and distribution for trial planting and for exchange purposes: Se/14 4Jtd p!,mt mat6rillla introd,"'od (from .. �road «mi diQtmml j;)r""itl""!'l 461 Number of plBllt varietiu• Numbet of soods a.nd tuber•.... G,82-1. Numberofplant.,suekero,stc ........ _. 2,630 Numbor of budsttcka nnd cuttings..._........._........... -.. 1,620 Welghtofaeedso.ndtubers......-.......,--•···---··ldlos.-. 286 Sattd and plont m"tBrialR <Ziatrib!tt<id fOT ll"i�I pktnti;,g ,i,ul e:i,dl.cmqopurp0868 Number of plant varieties...._ 1411 2,076 Number of •••d• and ti.,be�s.. N111nber of budst:icks 11,nd eutting5.-.......--····· 13,530 Numberofplllnb,auckus,etc.. 7,096 Wcigbtofseedsandtubera.._......._ .Jci!OL.. 853 Soed and pl,,Ht mntcrillls raffled by tko dif/,rrant atations

AGRONOMY Test.a on th,e /mo/and varieties of rice.-Alabang has had 181 and Rosales 161 val'letles under these tests. In tl).e latter sta-

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

Results in Rosal!!!I :

Acelimatia:atitm of foi·eign rice in Alabang.-The varieties Amberbou (a), Resmi Tardif end Amberbou (c), from Persia, and Madinfoa (e) aJJd Lavasomatra (c), :from Madagascar made a good crop when planted in February. However, the rainy seaaon planting of these and other foreign varieties did not grow so well and much of it produced blown heads. Pedign;e cu!tut·e.-Four strains have now been brouS'ht to a final selection at Alabang. These are Maean Talunko, Quinas tila IV, Kinawa.yan, and Orm'.. Kathisod in the :first and sec ond genera,tions was severely attacked with a fungus disease which causes the grains to rot. Duty of wa.ter in rice i,rigation.-The report from Alahang Rice Station states that during the field preparation for variety 154,880 liters of water were turned o n to the field, which is one hectare in size, The water supply from the week ending Sep tembe1· 30, to that ending November 18, 1922, was cut off owing to an accident of the pumping plant. This reduced the amount of water whlch should have been applied. A summary of this year's work is here given together with the corresponding data for the last two years. In the table the figures show the aggre gate amount of the rain and irrigation water consumed fo1· rica in aecond-liter per hectare.

It is obvious that the amount of water applied supplementai·y to the ram, in 1922 was nearly one-half that for last yeal', and a little nver one-balf thatfor 1920.

TWENTY"SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

BUREAU OP AGRICULTURE

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL R81'01\T CORN

Partra1,1,woftho...,.10Wtnloloorn oc!L.,.00Ex01ï¿½m,nl61at.ion

TWENTY..sECOND ANNUAL REPORT

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

Following istl1,1 result of analyses mado of the cane and juiï¿½e:

TWENTY-SECOND AN)IUAL :REPORT

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

'IOBACCO

Tho Cofabato Tobacco Sia.tion at Piidt devoted its attention to the production of wrapper tobacco, particularly to the te.sting of Florida-Sumatra and Sumatra ,·arieties, TJ1e Florida-Sumatra. waa planted since 1920. The first crop was variable a.nd selections were made from the best plants for the pl'Oduction of seed. Sixteen strains were isolated. The leaves of the,ie st:l'ains are larger tl1an those of the real Su= tra and consequent!}' the veins are a trifle coa1·ser. They give, however, more wrappe1·s, 30 to 50 per cent of the total number of leaves, and the colors produced were colorado and co1oi·ado cforo (light cinnamon), mostly the latter. From 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms of le:,ves could be produced from one hectare.

BlJIDMU OF AGRICULTURE

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL Rlll'ORT

(b)Apâ&#x20AC;¢rUalvl1Wol/llool,o,g,..,,!.,\olloo all.,..,E,_1mon\Slotlon

86 tobacco on the same piece of land year afte,r year without any attempts being made to replace the' plants food that has been removed: with the crop :from the soil The Dammao Tobacco Sta tion has now in progreas two systems of crop :rotation wherein a legUnlinous Plant is involved. In the first experim11I1t the to bacco is:followed by corn and cowpeas; in the second by cowpeas. Besides the above other experin].�t were conducted In Dam rnao, namely, ac.climatization work, pedigree selection, hybridiza tion, irrigation, viability of seed test manuring, and sp:raying with arsenat.s of lea·a. During the year th�, have been dlstrlbuted, free of charge to the pl:inteu, seed lll!d seedlings of the 'varieties Blumenstiel. Commercial seedleaf, DammaO large broadleaf, Dammao medium fine, G. P. hybrid No, 1, G. P. hybrid-No. 2, and others. The leaves produced which Jnclude some veey good grades, are re.· ported under a separate heading. Several introductions of tobacco . seed from :foreign countries have been made,. including six varieties which were ·raised in the Qua1•antine plots . at Singalong. One important introduc tion is that received from the Est.acl6n Experimental Agron6miea, Santiaio de las .Vegaa, · Cuba, u�der the- variety name Ha-vamB'IIBiB. FORAGE CROPS �O:R.ICl'lSTA'l'ION

Two varieties of sorghum from India were pla:rited October 20. Kinto sorghum flowered tITT December 17. The plants are of medium hejght, but are heavy with follage-, The grains are peculiar in · having a touch of color, red to almost blaek n�r the apex. This sorghum should :make a good forage. The Basso ·l6 a tall growing planf. It does not flowel' uni formly. The proportion ot stalk to leaves is la1-ge. The rag! Hagari No. 8 and Hab!>al No. 22 were planted on heavy land October 31, 1922. Both are growing vigorously. A/,falfa..---Jn Alabang during the month of February and early part of March, flowers were observed to open and pods were produced. Alfalfa does not grow well in the rainy season. A month and one-half after cutting of the.tops the new growth begins to flower. LA<:Aillf.OTAlilXPliRWWNTSTiltoN

Three cutting!! were made during the year from the prQJJaga ti.on plot consisting of three hundred and ten kilograms. Of the cactus varieties in the ata.tion the Niagara fruiting cactus had the best growt11. There were transplanted twenty.

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

four plantil of this variety and six plants of the white fruiting cactus. Cactus No. 7289 was just planted In the nlll'sery. GuitUJa grass.-About two tons of this grass ·was gathered from the propagatlon pktts. A new plot was planted to this grass in October and it is now heading, Pam groes.-Over five tons of Para grass were cut and fed to the animals: Napier grass, amounting to three tons, was cut during the year, A new planting is to be made of this grass. Yield tut.-Three thingB were aimed at by this experiment (1) yielding capacity of the different species of forage plants; (2) the number of cuttings to be made of each, or value for pasturage as the case might be; and (8) the proper method of Planting. On account of the limited amount of seed at our disposal the planting area waa rather small. The area was divided into four lots. In No. 1 lot three cuttings were made at intervals (I]. 45 days; in No. 2 lot two cuttings at 60 days intervals; in No. 8 fot there was one cutting at the end of 76 days; and in No. 4 lot one crntting when the grass was 90 days old.

This work is being continued, The grass obtained form 45-day cuttings were eaten clean by t}:le carabaos, horses and bullocks, whereas the grasses cut at 60., 76-, and 90-day intervals were only partially consumed, The hard portions of the plants were not eaten. There was another planting on October of the above named g1•as9es in which each ldnd of grus wa.s tested with and without irrigation. Combined with this work is the distance of plantmg expei-J.. ment, so important in the cultivation of the newly introduced grasses, which consists in va1,ying the distances of planting be tween the hills and the rows.

(�) "Z:0..to BIIOn do Hoodura..' ol l.omoo Ellpo,lm""I station

0) Millot, Tomballll• •"'l,\r o\ l.arooo E-rlmo,tSl•II'"

·. ��/:�f-��'

.... :

�l�� :i;.::�'iiitt:�t�:li; '.�:::r:,::! and tha�.,::th!:!/D,all,i� and �odo graiises·iiTI?alBO bu"f!q a>Iese �nt,.' ·;:,,}i-·':-,.·a?' \(�o�·��:· ··,: .::.: ··."�,· ,. < ·'·.'·'

' �f-y�par��v,e. Y�t�u)rith.'�1�1:

is:under. �a:v 1n· �am� .l\l�?D:t S�� th ��:"Va,rje�es -an� _forms, planted ;snd.��f:ed !� t�� :way; ':·Ihooii:apl)eared·,'that th�

tS:-J1:. :',

�� -;�.

)-\i�i·�.-�� ,�p�I::��i�:ri��t�\:�;.�=. ;:;:·!�:�. •

•

> .- ··

'�

sm1y be ��ted ·in :!eope 11n:t,il· sueh � as we have pefe�el · and fW:J,� mad�' a\'ailable. . ��·'.connB(}Uoll wi� . Our investiga-

!°:rJ��;��r.-� tt�!�1:��

. ':t,ative o.f the. yii.r�ollB experiment, �.tio� .·of thiB -�Ure.au, are belng au�ep: � �? eh.elll:�.1 COmp�sition anc;l pby'stcal char . '�tm-e.. A· s�dy �'f-� typ� rice:soils ,in-<�ulacim_ ba� been B.tarted pi,eiim.l�arftO II; soif�j:, �-bl:! made i:ii. tli_fit provjnCe.

B�� .;�1j:�;�\t�:=�, f�i�t�o:: in the mlll'ket.· e

: : '.",/"· ·:.-.<:

·�_;_��_.'l'ISTS

!::e!�;�;:::r:/�:!� ;r::t::�:=�: .::: The· pr:llttcal: �e Q;f' the c�bfnec\.- barve� and binder haB

These -tests were conducted- on two pieces of land ha"'.itrg . an .

::if:::��=!��:�� t�i6�t:: !:s�:1c!m8!:; Irl'Own.to"upland rice, 'and is J!.Ot.at.oll·diked.

TWENTY-SEC()ND ANNUAL REPORT

HORTICULTURE

(�) Modlt«•oo,oo ororn,o b"<ldod o, •W"<I "'"'""· •how :oo th, ote,,ok of ba,k,ot aod tho , ·,vaoot·,, of too tc,1o b btlrlooorofti,q

TWEN'rY-SFX:OND ANNUAL REPORT

Insect pest.s.ï¿½Mealy here and there in the bark below the sudace found in the grove.

pest

(M Caltl b"O<IO<\oo ,w,oloran;o 1flo,,loo b1d <mloo ol u,o ,!ooka,O,.lon

BUREAU W AGRICULTURE

If �ne consider)! the YeSistance of the ·stOck· emploYoo :igainst t�e diseases, D. webbei·i, C. au'ra.ntiwm, and.-C. mitis shOuld be gi.ven .first consideration. T�e C. trifoliata dwarfs ali the scions bu.dded on - it, and· is considered -0i �o value for stock- at 'l'anatian. Pomologica{ study_,at Ltimiw .-;Descriptions of the fruits. of the most impoitmt"citrus species wne takcir from_time·to ti_me. Storage a.nd>p1·oservation. of-Citrus frv.-it8 at Lamac._:_Fruits were subjt1ded to'nine d_iffi!rent kinds.of treatinent. The iesults so far obtained. show that where the fruits were stored ill cooler pia�s, the.bett.er they kept. L-On,qcvity:te8t Of.ti�riw·bu&tidlrn and.iweds_at Wmao.-The results showe1i'that·p1;\lI)erly .moisfonednewspaper, an4 Sa-)v_dust placed in.air-tight con_tainers·are the best presewative materiala for citrus · budBticks. The viability test of seeds is still in prov-eg�·-" ·-_'-.. -_,,._ :.:.._·__ 1_· ____., _,...,___.__.-. Forciny. ma,ndo.ri1, tr,ee to fruit at'Tafta.\ia1i.;....:.Eighteen,' tr-ee� we�e smudged in_i\farch,_.Apri_l, ilnd l\fay." Some of-the trees smudged by hurp.ing the weeds. �1000.to the trunks of aonie mid at a greater distance irorn others. _ Tht1 duration of the test was in every case ten ditys. Thtdrees sinudged in M3.rch and the first of'·April were more_ favorably. affected thaii those smudged later on. Fruits '\\'ere prciduced_in all instances but.more when the wecds·had ·been place� cl�se to the.trunk, as near as not to disturb th� .-�e ..y)len .burned. .Nlandarin orelui.rd at·Ta1!,(IWL1i..'.-The object· of this plantation 0 and s m��ar�L ;:,::;: :1:!\:fi:�1::::1��!�\f: One· biln.drecl arid siX�y-five treeS.. of the best types were planted . . ·· ·, in' the new Orchard. Variety ·test of, citru,s at .Tam.imm.-The Object is.' to find out varieties of the different· citrus sveeie_s that may· be grown profi.t_ably. under_ Ba'tangas conditions." , Sp_ceial emphasis Waa given to the best-mandarins, _oran�es and lemons. The preaent collection in this orchard consists .of 197 treee of 7 species and 41 varieties. The following niandarins are now being reiired 'in the numery awaiting pfaitting in th� ·variet:r test Cn:chard:_·1266 China, 2982 Chinese, 2693.King, 1272 Konda.l\farun,.5173 S0:1kam,.7606 Satsuma, 1262 Suntara, 1276 Snntara Nagpun .and T.1zon. Rc}u.vmudion work at l'a.na1(an.-Top workmg of run down mandarin trees began two years ago·. Tlwse were· budded to

:��:�

to recover.

TWE:'.'<TY-SilCOND ANNUAL ru:roRT

(o)TOO-worlloda,... dol"o. a,...-w1n, oul.barkodon Do """'"'•lliilando!lool;.hudd<dOOJ>u,a'1'ao,dFob-r,,lS22

(�) Top,,,.,,b,d .....do I""' frulllnu otlho llao ol •••••• and , .... m.,,.Oi,, ofter •�• '"'""!Ion of lh• boU

fol To•-worke� manao

'"'" after /ao no tho '"""' ( ,;, )mont

DUREAU OF AGR!ClJLTURE

C0l'FEE S"-W:OTJOl'I Al'!o tROPAGllï¿½(OJ; OF COfFEm AT LAMAO

TWENTY-SECOND ANNliAL 1!.EPORT

Root Crops

strain named Magsino from the College of Agriculture lhe highest. 'l'he two hills gave a yield o.E 31.72 kiloÂ grams. This result justifies the belief that within the variety a strain might be discovered of a high yielding capacity.

(i,JF',,,iial,i<woflomME>Oo,lmehlSC<\loo

�� Of.

P.�Pzea;..._�i� -�:·.2s . . �leti�'·und�

. ·p��p�0�ioft)o.�iee·a�� ttlllter!iils for�a"ri� teeft and-�

��!:_�� 1;,5-�t�· ofiriw�an�Jin��P1e'.� ��·�g-�-d

toi: ,the prqdllcll� ofsil�kers l!Jld sllp_s_ :for distrlbutioti' purpoBllS. No dlsetlSe,(W&�_-o.bsefyEld,''.�t·:Pe��;:Such·'U: rab'a:nd wll�C�1?J attacked :�e fl:ti.Ui before complet4!,matP�ity "!'3!'·-�Ched. , The regu1ar fruiting sea�O!},·is j:rqin �ay·.1;9,July; liut acat�ed plants in the W)l.Ole fi�d 4'!1i1;:f!d begi�ing_ in, A�!l11st, 1�, and· started to mat�re in October, f;l�Ie_t!tli:me w:9� made:o� th� most pro"m_is-,,; _

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

As regard& ihe cooking quality the native apple green is better than loug native pink, long native dark pink, white and native champion. As to the yield and q_uality, the native champion is :first, then long native dark pink second, and third the native apple green. Propagation production has part of the year.

100

TWENI'Y-SECOND A:,.Jr,-uAL REPORI'

According fo observations made the kulti and the loquats do very well in Sagada, :Mountain Province. The eherimoya has also proved to be adapted to the :Mountain Province. 'l'his was ill1sodueed by .this 13,n·cau somt time in 1912 or 1913, and distributed there; and in �ome high elevation� or the Philippines as early as 1915 or 1916. At Lamao the marang, tiessa, caimito, kayam, atcmoya, biriba, lcma1:1a, avocado; hevi, tauibutan. etc., huv� proved '\'i;;ll, and seeds of these are being propagated for distribution pm·voses. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION AT LAMAO

FIRER INVES1'JG.\TI0NS

BUREAU OF AGRICUL'L'URE

101

102

TWENTY-SECOND .ANNUAC. BEl'OR'l'

to Doctor Mendiola of the College of Agriculture at Los Bafios

for breeding experiments. Numerous requests for abaea seeds, some of which could not be filled on account of lack of material, were also reeeived from · fol·eign countries. This shows that there is a great interest abroad in the cultivation of abaca .(Manila hemp) . Tensile strength tests ·of abaca, maguey, and sisal :fibers, as the basis of claBsification,. and for the purpose of setting difl'er ences of opinion between the fiber merchants and· the fiber inspectors, are often performed bY this office. STUDIES ON MAGUEY (Agait6 can.ta.la Roocb.) and SISAL (AgtwB sisalana Per.), In order to obtain speciftc data on the behavior of maguey and .siell.l plants the following points we1·e studied at our stations : (a,) production of leaYes and suclcers, (b) average size_of leaves and fiber content of leaves, (c) extraction of fiber by knife vs, retting, and (d) poling, PJ•od.uction of Leaveir.-For the purpose of knowing just how many leii.ves can be produced by maguey and by sisal plants in ti year, three plots were used. Plot No. 1 is planted to maguel' suckers, plot No. 2 to maguey bulbils both on May l, 1917. In the case of the fil'st two plots the leaves and iruckers were counted monthly from ·the time the plants were exactly fourM teen months old, while in the ease of the sisal plot the monthly counting of leaves and suckers was begun four months after planting. Ten typical planb were selected from eMh plot for this pUl'pose. The results of this mDllthly counting from 1918 _tol922 are given below: T11bl6 showing tAs·tot<ll a,,.,mgu ;11oreas.,11 of the let111<)B lffld sllDkM-8 p,,r year of 1() magusv p!a,its from bulbiu -/Tom A11gU11t, 1918 fo Oc t'W6r, 19U

BURWI.U OF AGRICULTURE

103

Table •Ii.owing tM total ....d ,wrm,ge im:reii,"6 a/ tb.o lea.ves and S11ckor1 1)6''1/•a>" afl0mm!,11«lypfr1ntsfl'O'llls11ol:ars /ram Augu.,t, 1918 to Oo tabor,192.8

Tabls· •hawing tM tot�! nnd (l.1}eragc inorea.,,es of t]w loaves and ,mokors P6r 1/H>" af 1Q MM! pkintB from BM"1MTB ,,..,.,. August, 1018 lo Oo tob"r, J9ff

From these tables it can be readily seen that during the first three years after planting the plants grown from suckers produce more leaves, while in the fourth year those from bulbils Qlive more leaves than those from suckers. Ai; regards the yearly production of suckers maguey has always produced more than sisal up to the fifth year. More leaves are produced by each plant in ·May, which ls the beginning of the rainy season. Avorage si,:e of leaves and tAeri- fib8'!· oontent.-From a series . of measurements made of the length and width of leaves of rnaguey and sisal and j;helr fiber content only the averages of results are given in the table below:

104

'l'WENTY•SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

Sisai nurseries.-There are three sisal nurseries in Cebu, main tained in the municipalitiei, of Naga, Talisay, and San Fernando to take care of the sisal bulbfis from Hawaii which were sent to this Bureau in February, 1920, by the at Washington, us a part of its cooperation sisal industry of the Islands. Sisa!Nu,•a,,rfos, Cebu

106

BUREAU 011' AGRICULTURE

Other va'l"WM.ea of agave.-Henequen and Zapupe-Mexlcan henequen (AgavefOUTcroydeB) and zapupe (agave zapu,.ie) were planted some t1me ago at La Carlota: Experiment Station. The henequen grows elowly and produces only a very few suckers. The zapupe grows well and behaves much like maguey. Agave ap.-This variety seeme to be more fitted for orna. mental purposes than for fiber produetion, as lt bas short leaves, hard and pointed, the whole forming a spherical crown. MawdUua hemp (Fouraroya foetida) .-This fiber plant exists in our collection only as an exhibit as it hae a small percentage of weak fiber. The pineap-ple.-The pineapple (At1.atULS comosua) is being extenSlvely. cultivated and its improvement studied. The fiber variety produces long leaves and sour fruits. By breeding and selecl;ion of a variety which has long and broad leaves wbieh a1-e easy to scrape may be produced. Thia would mean a great deal to the strippers in Iloilo, Gapiz, and other places. Disea.Bes.-The anthracnose disease (Golletotriohum agave8) attacking the agaves, especially the zapupe, was treated with lime sulphur solution but of no avail. :Much care, however, was taken of the plants and the plantation, and the disease was got under control. KIJ4lt1k.-Durlng the year (1922) new inte1-est in Philippine kapok was revived. People abroad now highly value the use fulness of kapok floss as a filler par excellence for cushions and for life saving appliances. The proeess by means of which kapok tloas is now woven into cloth will certainly increase the demand for kapok. Cir� cular letters telling about the new uses of kapok and the probable coming demand as a result of its becoming better known, were sent to prominent planters and to all farm advisers. On August 20, 1922, an investigation of the Heacock kapok plantation at Lucanin, Marlveles, was made. There it was :found out tha"t 72,000 trees ·of kapok are cultivated, 2,000 of which were in thell' third year and were bearing pods. The number of pods harvested in 1921 was 77,000, valued at 1>269.50, or at the rate of 36 centavos per centum. Our record of yields for seven years .follows:

- ·�r.:�.-

�- ,.-- ;;•.••,';,;'

�I

:7:-,:.r!,::·t:.

:::�:::::·::::1 !::i":::::::.i:ml ml,.:�I

:Ml:::

1 --------·-----··

1,."'l"b]·

m� :�.:

•••

1 ' ·--·-�· - · ···

106

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

These cuttings with diameters of from 8 to 12 centimeters were planted on September 27, 1912, MISCELLANEOUS FIBER PLAN'l'S

The bast fibe"r pla.nts.-Among these we have in our cultures the following: Anabo (Ab1'oma; a;ugl!SW), Jute (Corc/wrua oii terioua), Ambari hemp (Himllcus canwbinua), and Roselle (red and white Hibi8cua sabdarif!a var. altisrima;. Our field trials of these plants go t.o show that they grow very well and produce strong fibel.'S here bnt \'l'hether they would be profitable or not to grow them is a quwtion that could be solverl only by industrial plants, so much depends on maehiuery and labor questions. A plot of red and one of white roselle (Hibi8CWJ Babdariff0, var. altis8ima;) were planted in April, 1921. The plants flow ered at .a height of 250 to 800 centimeters and were harvested in January, 1922, One hundred stems of each variety were bun dled-and soaked in the river. After several daily tests it was folll\d that the bark of the white roselle was ready for cleaning after 18 days while that of the red took 2 0 days. The fiber -content of the white rose.lle is 8.9 9 per cent and that of the red�,6.21percent. Seasonal plantings of ro.selle, both red and white, were con ducted at La Carlota Experiment Station for the purpose of determining the right time for planting, April is the last month of the dry season jn La Darlota, so this seasonal planting was commenced then and from the results it is evidently the best month to plant roselle at La Carlota. It is interesting to note, however, that the roselle flowered in the latter part of October, no matter in what month it was planted. Ambtiri hemp (Hibi.seug eanna;binUB) .-This plant was planted monthly for propagation purposes. The third ,planting was made on November 10, 1922 and young Ambari hemp plants are now growing well. It!dian Jute (Corcho1'11.8 ca.psulari.B),-Seasonal plantings of jute were made at La Carlota Experiment Station. The first plot was planted on November 15, 1921 and harvested on August 9, 1 922. The stema averaging 188 centimeters long were retted in the river. After 14 days in water the fiber w111f extracted, yielding an average of 6.15 per cent oi dry clean fib er per plant. ThOlle planted in April did not have as good a stand as those planted Jn November, the plant.a averaged 115 centi meters in height only. Those planted in May and June were

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

107

very ]Joor, Those plant.ed in J"uly did not germinate due to heavy rain and when the same plot was replanted in August the growth of the young plants was very slow. Those planted in September and October did not germinate. When 'll.ew se&ds ,vere planted in November a 100 per cent germination was secured. Anabo (Abroma OU{/11.Sta) .-The old anabo plot has 80 plants which are used for seed produetion. During the year, 117 grams of seeds vrere harvested. Thirty stems of anabo weighing 60.8 kilos were harvested last July and ratted in the river, yielding 1.932 kiloe of fiber or 3,8 per cent of fiber, Panam.a, hat palm (Carludovica pa;lmata.).-At La Carlota there a.re two plots of this plant. Plot No. 1 is grow:ing well under wild conditions. Plot No. 2 has plants out of and under the shade. The plants in the shade are luxuriant while those exposed are very poor, stunted in their growth, and pale in color. Mi8cellaneous.-Ramis (Boemeria nivea.). There were two 11Iantings of ramie made during the yea1·. Rootstocks were planted at a distance of 100 by 80 centimeters. At La Carlota and in other places the ramie has always been found to have a good and vigorous stand. Cotton.-There are 14 varieties of cotton under culture at the diff8l'lmt stations of the Bureau. They are the Ferguson, Triumph, Sea Island, New Baykin, Trice, Calaca, Alcala, Cam bodia, Caravonica, Durango, Kinchi!la, Lone star, Mead, Quilio, and Togul\lo. The varieties Uppam and Karunganni obtained by the Under Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources from the Gov errunent of Goimbatore, in the Madras Ptemdency, germinated and had 1ome plants growing for eome months but they were too weak and finally died before flowering, The Pima. Egyptian cotton seeds received April 13, 1921, :from the U. S, Department of Agriculture and planted at La Carlota Experiment Station and Santa Barbara, Pangasinan, for propa gation purposes, failed to grow. The failure of cotton at La Carlota was due almost entirely to the boll weevils. Even bagging the flowers with otl paper and cheese cloth did little good. The leal'es of Calaca, Cambodia, and Trice were badly attacked by aome biting insects, and there was a bacterial disease which attacked the bolls, stems, and leaves.

108

TWF,NTYï¿½SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

PLA...'i'.T PESTS COYTROL DTI'ISION ACTIVITIES

BUBEATJ OF AGRIOUI/l'URE

109

PERSONNEL

On December 31, 1922, there were 28 employees in this Divi sion,-two less than at the beginning of the year. LOCUST EXTERMINATION

The locust infestation 1inereased from i!O to S81 infested municipalities for the month of July b11t went down again to 70 at the close of the year. The rapid increase was due to the apathy sh.own by some provincial and municipal authorities in complying with the exigencies of the Locust Act No. 2472. However, tne wide-spread organization controlled by the Bureau of Agriculture with the coBperation of the Constabulary and the school authorities did effective work. The Honorable, the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources mobilized practically all the division chiefs of the. Bureau of Agriculture, inelii.ding the Director and giving them districts to supervise. This campaign was started about May 22 and ended about the end of August, 1922. With the eJectiori of new officials the locust situation im proved. Besides the locust inspeetors employed, the farm advisers and their assistants were put to work on the locust campaign from the middle until the latter part of the year when a large num ber of them were discharged due to the retrenchment policy. The Manila Railroad Company co!lperated by generously issuing fiee passes to our inspectors. The Weather Bureau kindly allowed us the free use of the launch at Taal Lake to take people from the municipality of Talisay to the barrio5 and thus materially aided the cleaning up of those places which otherwise would have been difficult for us to accomplish. The ·same thing was true with Go Taueo Sawmill at Calauag, The manager tran9ported locuet :fighters on his launches from the town to the barrios acroas the bay free of charge. The U. S. Army also cOOperated by having the Chemical Warfare Se1-vice of the Philippine Depa1-tment try asphyxiat ing gase.s, Capt. Chas. W. Walton, Chief of the Chemical Warfa1·e Service being instructed to report to the Governor General of the Phllippine Islands for temporary duty in con nection with the extermination of locusts. The Bureau of Science and this Bul'eau conducted many labor atory anil fi.&ld experiments In an effort to determine the prac tical value of known chemical agents as well as to discover new

110

TWENTY-SECOND .ANNUAL REPORT

materials. The experiment work indicated that the use of cer tain chemical agents was feasible. It would be essential, how ever, t.o have a larger supply of materials on hand so 811 to eoll.eet adequate experimental ·data in the field. A few cylinders of commercial chlorine gas and such other materials as could be produced in the chemical laboratory of the Bureau of Sclence were ordered for the field. No iarge scale 1leid experiment could be condueted and theref<J1'8 no positive statements can be made as to the value of gas in locust war£3re. It was recommen4ed that a Jai•ge quantity of chlorine gas deposited in Hawaii for the Philippine Deparl:ment be ll!lked for by His Excellency, the Governor-General for this Government free of charge, The shipment of materials was approved in the War Department with the provision that the Pbilippine Government pay $21,000 for its replacement. UIIOll reeeipt of this answer Captain Walton recommended that such expenie would not he justified at the present time inasmuch .as the work was yet in the experimental stage ,and the Governor-General subsequently cabled that inasmuch as the Philippine Government was short of funds,payment could be guaranteed for only part of the shipment used. This propo sition,however, was rejected. A request for the purchase of small amounts of different chemical agents for these experiments, however, will be subM mitted a·s soo,n. as the new allotments are approved for the Bureau next yea.r. Captain Walton In his summary of his report in connection with this laboratory and field experiment.a says the following: Many effeetlve -nieai;sfor the extermination or lo cmta andgragshop]lel'II areavaila�attheprvaanttime. No is ngle methodis applle&.ble n i all t/11$11. The � c o! the meatJS to be elllpl� crepends large ly upon th, sbe of the ho pper, and the uatu r& of -the i nfutedterrain. Ell'ect of varl08$ concentrations andvari ons periodsof exposu r es o :f c e r t.:a intoxic "pBes " on gralldlo pper a w as •��ln ed. Chlo ridea nd i aH es pec iallytoxic tc, bo ppen. Pho p c blorpicrn s ne has delayedaction. Mutardg11S111 vaporOl' as aoontactliquidia!llowanduncertain n i lt& s etion, Thevapors fo c arbo n hlaulphide andcar bontett-achlorld e bave an immediate pa ralyzblg effect often, however, 111BOCiatedwith final re l){)Very. Apartic1:1lat e c lo udof"She<!lagaa" (dlphenylu.mi nec hloras ine) hu VerY ilttle tol<ic action Oil bo ppers. F amel � olfer an extremely rapidmeo.a. of totui destrl,IC\;jon in localltlesnd aptedto tbeirus e. TheylW!o offer o ne o:fthebestme4ns of attackagainatflyer s, Fil!l.d x e perffl\111:lts on the destruction fo IOllllatso n a large BCBle by mean o s fdl\o rine,chlorpi.c r lu,phosgeue,andflamt•thl'(lwer1are c onoom platedn l thenearfutuNia ndw!IJbethesubject ofan other lepori,

112.

TWENTY-sECOND ANNUAL REPORT

as elfeetive as anienic and lead arsenate and could be manufac tured. in the laboratory from white arsenic and lime. Dusting iB done with a small dusting machine when the eve nings are clear. Rain washes the poison off. Dusting is equally :fatal to hoppers and flyers. The value of whit"e arsenic and lead arsenite in killina- locusts is fully J)rOved. However, sometimes locmsts alight on some ple.nt1 they do not eat and in this case the poison ls useless. This experJenee forced us t o look for an effective contact poi son. Kerosene and aosp emulsion, whale oil soap. et.c., were tried but only mnall hoppers were killed. The large ones and flyers were merely drugged for a while and re<iovery was pos sible because the spray that closed the spiracles dried and per mitted breathing again. The addition of soluble non-volatile or elow volatila substances would close the openings long enough to kill the big hopperll ali.d flyers. ·Resin wss tried as an addi tion. to .the kerosene emulsion. This was found quite effective when the solution was fresh but it was ineffective thereafter due to its tendency to coagulat.e after a few hours. Dissolv ing th!> resin in eaustie eoda and adding coeonut oil and petro leum was then tried. This last solution works better but after a ehort time it coagulates because the coconut oil sa,poniftes with caustic soda easily. It was therefore left out., Mr; Goeo, with the assistance of Mr. Toquero, both of the Plant Peets Control Division, worked out the following formula: Resin ·····-·········-·······--·····-·--·····-····----···-· 2 ldlo,e ' Wat.er -·- · -----··-··-····-·-··-·-········---···- oil. liters Xe!:osene ---:---··--····--·----········---... !liters

Caustic soda -···-�---···-····=··--··-···........... 800-.100 grams

This ls the stock solution ru:id is diluted from 8 to 10 times its volume of wa.ter. This .Solution has been found to be the best yet u&eq in killing locusts whether hoppers or flyers. They die within three or four minutes time after the application. . This solution Is now used by this Bureau as well as in the prov inces whe� Ioeu.ets are present. About the middle of the year an attempt was made by Mr, G. M. Reyes to isolate Joeusbi parasites and the out.come was that a fungus belonging to· the genus Mucor was produced al most uniformly from dead locu.sts collected in the field. This orpniam grew well in culture on, nutrient medium and abundant spores we=9 produced on a Ioeu.st sterilized in an autoclave and in a specially prepared locuet agar mediwn the fungus grew also. A series of trials in infecting loeust with the fungus by means of sprayina- the leaves cf the plants with the spores where locust feed, by introducing the organism through small

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

118

wound, by feeding the locuet direct with the spores and mycel lae of the organism from pure culture, by spraying tho fi:!ed with spores mixed with bouillon of very low concentration was done. Many of the Io�usta both in the control and inoculation cages died but the fungus was not recovered. This work was sta1-ted in the belief that some practical and immediate 1-esults might be obtruned. The description of this oi:ga:nism answers somewhat to the description of the South African locust fungus, Mucor -0:i;tioaus Massee. According to one re-ference found on the subject;, bow�ver, investlgations c1UTied on afterwards in India, failed to produce positive results hi. the experiments with the SoUth African locusts· fungus. Some. earlie1· workers used .another fungus, EnWmopktkora. Grylli Freis., and most prob ably this was the pdmary cause of the death of loeusts and the �uco� was secon�ary•. rhis v!"luable information ea.used us to give up the work, inasmuch as we have none of the fungus mentioned above. It may not be amiss to repeat that strict enforcement of the Loeust Act did considerable to cheek the pest. During the height of the infestation about the mhldle .of the yeat· there w.as a wholesale suspension of the municipal presidents and councilors who had been negligent of their dutiea in the locust campaign as required by the Locust Act. Tbe Bureau -Of Agri culture aided the provinces by sending nets and iron sheets pur chal!ed from consumption of supplies funds and inspectors to enforce the Locust Act and .supervise the campaign. In InOllt of tlle provinces infested monetary aid amounting to !P-30,250 from contributions and gratuities funds of the Bureau were extended. Besides the above amounts tho snm of 'i'-3,000 was set aside to pay for the iron she� purchased by the Calamba Sugar Estate which will be returned to this Bureau. The infestation which had been reduced from 381 towns in 85 provinces to '70 towns In 32 provinces by the last day 'of December, 1922, will be fought brplacing trained inspectors in every infested municipality, with necessary apparatus and materials of the locuaticide, ahould funds be provided for the purpose. RAT EXTERMINATION

Rat infestation was general practically all over the Islands but we were not able to do much except to give instructions as to various methods of combating field rats. Severe invasions of the rodent were reported from the municipalities of Santa Maria de Minalin and San Fernando, Pampanga, Many rice planta.

114

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPOR1'

PLANT INSPECTION SElWICE

D11ring this year a bill was submitted to the Legislature nmending Act No. 2515 an<l this was finally passed and is now known as Act No. 3027. This act waB di·afted by this office and sanctioned by the Plant Quarantine Board, The former was not very S!Jecific. In the new Act the !JOrts of entry are enumerated. The importers are_ obliged to make a declaration to the Collector of Customs, on or before the time of entry of the materials, sho,ving the addresses of the conaigno1· 1md the consignee, the nature and quantity of the plant rnatedals, the coLtntry. or local it.-y where the same were grown, etc. Under the new act the duty is imposed upon tl1e Collector of Customs, the Director of Posts, the Chief of Constabulary, and the provincial and municipal officials of co!!peratinrr with the Director of Agriculture in enforcing administrative orders pro mulgated by the Directo1· in connection with Act No. 3027. PLANT INSPECTION

Tl1e Plant Inspection Service was kept busy during the year 1922 in spite of the fact that onions, Irish potatoes, and garlic

(e)Th,10,01lh<laadol>oforolh, o,mpalg".

Gvlhol""a", D,1enlo!Nes,,01

IllJREAU OF ·MRTCULTURE

115

are not inspC<lted :my more,.. The number of parcBls imported this year was 1,338 fo,· Iloilo, 506,6\J6 for Manila, 60,234 pa1·ceb for Zarnboauga, and 1,208 for Cebu, ot a total of 569,476. This is (102,602.5 pal'Ce!s) more than laBt year. Of this lal'ge num ber 1,731 wore fumigated or disinfected, 225 were refused admittance, and 261 destroyed due to diseases and'pest. In the port of Manila alone 113 diseased and pest-infested plants were intercepted. Several of the disease1.1 and J)elrts found present are not found ·in· the PhilipJ)ines1 and might be come se,:ious agi-icultural enemies if noi timely guarded against. During the present year the importation of Chinese apples and pears from Canton, Chlna, badly attacked -with .a lepidop tr:i·a borer, was leas than the year 1921, :for the two treatments applied, which consists first in fumigation and i:f this is not successful, the prncess Selection put an early ste>p to the impo!." tation of said fruits. The doubtful results of fumigating led us to perform several experiments on.the above mentioned fruits, July 24 to 2(;, and again 011 Septembe1· 25 to 2(;. Fumigating with sulphuric acid (H,SO,) fo,· an hour was done in which time 85 to 90 per cent of the larvre and pupre were killed. One of the biggest lots inspected in Manila cxmsisted of about 4,124'basket.s of different variety of Chinese orangeg from Can, ton and Amoy, China, seriously infected with black spot (phoma citrica.rpa) and citrus scab (dedospon'wrn sp.). Six more in spectors were ud<lcd to help in picking these over, making in all 9 inspectors. But J1,tters were sent to the Chinese importers of oTanges infected with eitrus scab to stop thoir importation of such infected fruifa and since December 19, 1922, the illlpor tationa have nWTly ceased. Several truckloads o.C oranges in feeted with eitrns scab and black spot were sent to the Insular Ioo Factory and destroyed. Anothe1· sebmre in the port. or Manila was of three cases con� taining 18 grafted mango planh imported from Colombo, Ceylon, seriously infected with Authracnose (Colfoctotridrn,m g!eospo riodes, Penz.) which is a disease not yet reported in the Islands. These plaut materials bear the -certificate of inspection No. !1915, and cc1•1.ificate of destruction No. B. issued at the port of Manila Duriug the year 2,968 certificates of ot importing plant materials. AC'l'lVITIES OF INSPECTORS OF BAGGAGTil, BU!illAU OF POSTS

The

Manila during package of 12 which was con-

116

TWEN'fY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

Grand tot.�! hortlcu\turnl parcel inspected during- 1922 .. Grnnd total ho1·Ueulturnl imports fol" the ;s,nr rn21

5"9,476 4GG,873.5

Inc,·�uso impo.-ls £or the ye,ir rn22

102,r,02.5

• �;:;}�?�;,�:;'.;�:;tx�:::.: '.:z':;,:·:;·•.

;?t'· �:=da:!��::;:;:::::;:}c�· ·-. ··:::'.·'�:\. ·;··>_ . , :-" . ,·· ., . ' .:i�� of� � .: '' -._·__. · . . �_:, .::-··:.�.. ::: �:::::::.:>: :: :: : -�:--

:·.=· .

;::��=�-=:-.

., t,{upil:!(!�.of:arl\t)�,fl'Olll frull'fly l_n!e!l�d CO','Il�IH pasaed..-···-··

'tot.111- ·-··· .-, _:·_ -�·' ·.,_: -�·

.,....:.... �...'. ..........:..: 1,388.6

Thei'.� '?{e� l)-�·:s..ver(d.1��-'Ji�:r-tn�t·l}eSt&:1ntere�,

"f:=:·ir:e�;p!�: ::\!:t7;;i��:��;.��;��fa,� !:�=��a!. ·!!·��r1��thh_!6_�-�\tt:a1 !!,reels, ex_anrl�_ed _daring th8 ;v:ea:� �as ' 1,3�$'.�.

·.·:::;s��:-�=. i::do��: niaterlals from_ 9mnii._ <_mile mol�:-�J!,S �.: _found·.on. r,omelos,

�

; : ;T�_hiii�'�i�1!-q/111f!1"oinh·Plant·i:U.p.�<;tia?' (��,w-�a(

Ships insP':"OOd -.-'-··--·--...:...,Nu�·,ofiq;por\era ... -.... . :::� ;t ee from pests . . -.. · ..., ...... ,' ... · ata

�

260

Dia:lnfeeted Refused sending ..... Total �

86 36-

;43

2,859

Two thousand ·eight .Mndred 8n4 ,fifty-ninEf parcels· of pl;mt materials were inspecf;e):l. Of �ese only two, thousand fo�r

118

TWENTY-SECOND AJ\NUAL REPORT

T<tbufotfon shotdt!g i1woming plant ;,ďż˝spectian (Zc..n,bo,rnga)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SPECIMENS

l>'ewer entomological specimens were reared and idBntified for the year 1922 than in 1921 due to tho fact that from the middle of the year the man in charge of thto imiectarl was detailed to miscellaneous field pests and the locust campaign. Rearing and classifying pests were practically confined to intercepted plant pests found on imported materials from fo.l'cign countries. Only 14 new insects were bred. Nearly all of them were intiorcepted from plant materials com1ng from foreign countries. The most important of these were the gall insects of the mango from India and the fruit fly from Western Australia, which was thought to be the Mediterranean fruit fly but was afterward found to be of the ďż˝cavenger kind. DIS1'RlBUTI0N OF CHEMICALS

DUREAU_ OF ·AGRICULTURE

lUJ

distributed fo'kill locusts_ in all.stage_s in'the _difierent provinc�. 'fhe rest of the petroleum needed was supplied by the infested municipalitios from the collected fines· because of the Locust. Law. For fuinigaHon of inspected pliint materials in-plant quaran� tine_ ofliCes, __ 30 kilos of .potassium cyanide_ and about an equal ammrnt .of sulphuric acid were used besides. about 25 liters of carbon bisulphide during the·�·ear. l\iiscellaneous chemieaJ.s_ were used in \lifferent experiments such as sodium ars€uite fo1· ki\Hng weeds -and dichlorobenzine for killing iillleeti borers. MISCELLANEOUS PESTS AND DISEAsis

The prineip_al . work undertaken_ was· the campaign waged ,igaln�t _the__rjee__ c_ut,:w9r_ms_.i_n .Q_amari,ne_:L_�orte an{],Jl). PaJil-. panga, Negros, and -Laguna: that against. horticultural -pests and diseases-in either home or- commercial gardens in Manila antl. the inSpection and d_isinfeCtion. of our plant ·m.atei-i:ih for disldbution in our distribution stations especially Singalong Propam:tion Station and. Lama:o Expedmcnt SU!Uon. Abaca disea-se.s'.-The-results of work'on abaCa diseases show that the most serious dise·ase-the · heart rot-is caused by "Fv.-'lai ium cu_b;insc. · Hope fol' the co.ntrol of the 'disease 1ieS mostly in propagating "arieties found be resistant to . the· disease. The experiments begun t.wo · years ago setlm to show · that alkaline fertilizers afao control the .disease ancl that they prob ably.'incrcase ·production ns well. Experimentation on··a com mercial acale will be ·done at the beghming of the coming rainy season as this could . not be done �t. yeat' due lo the concen tration of the experimeute1�s attention on locust control. 'l'ho tlll\.l"asmi.rn rooj;.rot_dieense of _abaca was newly .ilisco_vered this year to be doing some damage. The work on t.his is still in progress. The cause of the-. doteriorn.tion. of hemp was in vestigated and found to. be due to fungi. Rice disca:seB.-The plant dist!rnie laboratory rePorted five signifkant rice diseases this year._ T�oy-are Selci·otium ro1.fosi, s. oi1/zae, Bric1llanu o·ryzM,. and Td!et,w hornu�e �ewly �·ecordcd as serious diseases. Selectrnn t-0 drncover varwties resrntant to these diseases has been started this year. . It may be very important to note that Sclcrotmin NLfosi was also reported by Mr. Medulla in Ul2? as a dise�se of sugar cane the of mycologist Bureau of Science. mid on tobacco by l\Ir.·Lee,

120

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPOR'l'

cut-worms. The cut-worms were put under control with a hand dusting machine.

PLANT DISEASE SECTION'

Port of Manila. A larger urea at Harrison Po.tk was cultivated and cared for, to supply the farmers with disease free ï¿½eeds.

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

121

A sugarcane disease surVey in Occidental Negro.5, which lasted a couple of weeks, was made. ?uring the last quarl&r of the year 1922, the following cane points for seed were distributed by thls Office: Fo� Pempang11 Sug111· Mill• on two occasions

For Negrns Mill� on five oecasfons ······-··· ··

ForMr.Got:o. For Mr. Pruix.

· ··

lS,5�0 The study and investigation and eradication of the following cane diseaeeswere made: 1,Fijidisease. 2. Mos.aiedisease. S.Suear-caneamut. 4. Gu=ing di�ea�e. 5. Detcrlo1·11.tion of suga1•, 6.Loofdlse<tocofsugarcane. Our employees have remarkably aided the sugarcane project of the Sugal' Central Agency. SUMMARY

The year 1922 has been the buWest year since 1917, due to the severe locusts infestation. The maidmum infestation for the year 1921 was 89 towns eompared with 381 this year, Rat extermination work was confined only to serious infestations. The wol·k on abaca diseases is now confined to labotatorl work and to experiment.al plots. The purpose is to find disease resist.ant varieties, the value of ferl.ilizera in accelarating growth and preventing or curing dfae!Ule and the use of basic sub stances to con-ect acidity of the soil. Work on coconut diseasea ia periodically done in places infested or infected. The planL inspection work hss increased coruiid&rab].v. Thera we1·e 669,466 parcels inspected against 466,873 parcels in 19Zl. The division activities have been divided for the coming year into four, namely, administration, plant pests section, plant dis eases section and plant inspection service. Doctor Nieanor G. Teodoro will take eharge of the Plant Disease Section and Mr. Faustino Q. Otane.s of the plant pest!, insects, l'Odents, and other animal.

122

TWENTY"SECOKD AKNUAL REPORT

Shipment.a mada and reoai11ed 192\ Outgoing .. Incoming ... ... ....... ......................... .......... ........ .... Outgoing Incanting

....

.......................... .... ··············· · ················ ,1,11/i

79,1i57

16'7,�11.31

07,815.98

IIUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

123

Otker worka!twdod fo

""'"'""

805

l, �

� 1,060 1,923

2. 3. 4. 5.

fied

PUBLICATIOXS ISSUED AND DIS'L'R!BUTED

The numbe1· of copies distributed was 5,757 i(S against 2,704 in 1921.

124

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REFORT

Bulleti?l8,-Three bulletins were is.BUed during 1922, the same number as in 1921. The86 bulletins are as follows: Bulletin No. 26.-T/i.s Kr,.pok l11du•tl'V (Revised). English. Bulletin No. S6�A ®1�110 Li•t of Mengo VMieti•• in I11dia. Engli�h. Bulletin No. 88.-1!li11da11<10 end !/IC S,du Al"Cki�lago.• Tkir Nat?tral Re,,ovrces and Opporhlnities for Dovelopment. English. Gfreula.rs.-Ten circulars were published in 1922 as against eight eircmlars in 1921, These circulars .are as follows: Circular No. as.-Co.rom,t Cultttn (Revbed). English. Circular No.· 44.--Tke Pili Nut (Ravi1ed)'. English and Spanish. Ch'Ctilar No. 125.-Cldtural Diroctiom for Cacao. English, Cireiilar No, 126�Ulouat Ho,tor,,i.inatioii. (Re;vi..d), English and Spanigh. Circ:ular No. 12S..-A.dk,y: It• Cu/tu,., o,id,Uue. Engli� and Spanish. Circ11.lar N� 129.-Adlay Reotpe•. Eng\U!h. Circular No. 180......Nole,, an. Catt!o B<>W!tu in tJ,o Phi.!ippinei. Eng JU!h. Circular. No. 181.--Dir,ctions /'11' Shielri Budding. English. Clrcul1n· No. 1S2.-8hade Troes flYf Str""tr Mid Roods. English and Spanish. Circular on Tobaceo Culture in Iloeano and Pangasinan. · Seven thousand copies 0£ the last named eireular were dis tributed among the £armers of Iloeos No1·te, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and Pangasinan. Notes r.m4 airticleB for the p1•e.,s.-Dnring the year, 628 pages of translated notes and articles wel'e t-eleased to the press as against 455 in 1921. Total 11-umbe1· of publicatWns distributed.-In view of the considerable reduction in the appl'opriation for 1!}22, the Di vision of Publications was forced to limit the .free distribution of the publications of the Bureau of Agriculture. The prac tice in former years of sending publications 1-egUlarly to a great number of teachers, studen�, and provincial and mu nicipal officials, was abandoned in order to keep expenditures within the actual appropriation. This limitation placed on the distribution of publications, together with the suspension of the publication of Tlw Plii'li'ppine Fa,nnm·, reduced the total number of. publications distrib11ted from 85,766 in 1921 to 19,728 in 1922. The number of parties to which these pliblications were sent was 2,483, of whom 1,966 are re.r!ldents of the Pblllppfnes and 517 of other countries. It is to be noted, however that while less publications were distributed free, what we� dis tributed were mostly paid for.

BUP.Eti.U m, AGlHCULTURE

125

The following tab](! shows the tot.al publications distributed by clasï¿½es:

126

'.l'WENTl"..sECOND ANNUAL REPORT

u�ed for their publications, and the total number loaned is 109 cu g �h::� a�: .:=-biu.-Due to lack of sb�1f rOOm there are: heaps oi publications lying on the floor . and they. ca. nnot be· kept free from dust. Numerous publications for bmdmg have already been pi•epared. The following is a summary of the wol'k of the l.ibra.ry: Publications ree•ived ···-···· AccePioncd ····-····--·-······-···-·· ..··-····-·-·······-·· Subjecl'scatn.logoed ..

Al1l.clesclipped _____ _ Borrowers and readel"II ---····-·-··· C ta handled-····-····-·-·-·-··---..--·····-----· Ou.ts loll.ned �--······----·--··----······-···-·-· •.

Publ�tion5 rendy for blndiug (volumes) ....

N1m1bc� ......... _ 8,886

...,.

........... 1,955

······---�· 1,1 63

10, 22

MISCELLANEOUS WORK Translatimt.-During the year· 1922 there were 628 pages of translation, as against 1,427 pages in 1921. Oorreirpon.dencs.-For the s.ame period (1922) 682 letters were answered, as.against 462 in 1921. PA.otograipkic work.-Nine hundred ·thirty-two (982) copies were printed, and 108 pl&ites, 7 rolls of films, and 26 slides developed, as against 4,864 copies printed, and 247 plates, 49 rolls of films d&Veloped in 1921. Multigraph mackffle.-Three hundred forty-four thousand five hundred (844,liOO) sheets were printed in the multigraph machine, as againBt 353,850 .Sheets in 1921. Mim6Q[l1'aph ma.::hine.-During the year 790,984 sheets were printed in the mimeograph machine, as against 814,245 sheets for 1921. P/ano�pe machine ...,.Thirty-eight thousand nine, hundred thirty-two (88,932) cards were also printed in tlle planotype machine, WI against 59,080 in 1921. ; The decrease in tramilation work was due to the suspension of the publication of the Philippine Fu.i'mer, the translation of which constituted about two-thirds of the entire translation work of the Bureau o! Agriculture. The decrease in the photographic and printing work done on our duplicating machines was due to the decrease in· the ap propriation for consumption of supplies, which forced division chiefs to reduce their requisitions for photographic prints and to .eliminate some of their forms usually printed on our dupli cating machines.

BDRE.\U OF AGR ICULTURE _ H{.."!UL Clllsnl'l' DIYTSJOX PERSONNEL

ACTlVlTIES

c;reulntrngcuJ)ilnland

on hand

127

128

IWENTY-SBCOND ANNUAL REPORT

BUR&\.U OF AGRICULTURE

129

lear:3-ing of this insisted on the same right foo· tbemselve�, oo the idea of punctual repayment could not be strictly insisted on. We realize that promptness in paying debts is the most cs.sential element of success and we are not neglecting to inculcate this idea in the minds of the people. There has been a decided advance in the moral l'CSJlonsibil ity of the members. The attention of this division l1as been several timer; called to favoritism in malting _loans, wliich shows an awaimning and an insistence on better management. That unworthy directors have been selected by the membel'TS is true and the efforts made to remove them shows that the right spirit is beiug developed in our members. lt is also true that all members did not join the association from pure motives, nor were the plans of thl) ovil intontioned at once revealed. But it is a hopeful .iign that there is rm outcry against such people, and the disciplinary Ireson is an advance ill moral education for the entire members. Our publications in the press and our continuous attacks on usurers have been felt throughout the Islands and noted abroad. Many Filipinos who are worki.ng in the sugar plantations of. Hawaii, since they have learned of the rur.a.l credit campaign, send money to be deposited in, the associations established in their home towns. One 01' the most important ehangDs in the work of thfa divi sion is the cei;:sation of all inteference by the Insular Auditor's office in the management and opernUon of the rural credit asso dations. These art\ now entirely in the hands of the five di rectors and under the control and �trict supervision only of this Bureau. This was due to the decision recently handed down by the Attorney-General afte.r more than two years of urgumout with the Insular Auditor's office. VETEIUN,\RY DillISWN PERSONNEL

180

TWENTY..sEOOND ANNUAL REPORT ADMINISTRATION

/mpo1·tr1,tion fyom frn·eign porta.-There w.as a substantial de e:riia.se in the importation of ca.ttle and carabaos as comp.a.red with the preceding year. Of the f.ormer 21,912 head and of the latter 1,246 head were imported Ill! against 29,129 head and 2,608 head, respeetiv-ely, the previous year. All the carabaos _imported and thriie-fourths of the cattle were- from the port. of Pnom Penh, French Indo-China. Among the cattle from Aus tralia ·were a few for dairy and breeding purposes. The decrease in the importation of foreign cattle was due to an act passed by the Philippne Legislature on Febrll8l"Y of this year (Aet No, 3052) whieh went into effect on September 14, 1922. This law declares that it is unlawful to import cattle from foreign ports excepting those wanted for work, breeding, and the.manufacture of serum. The amount that can be brought in fl'Om forelgn oountl'ies for breeding is limited to 500 head for any single year. Since mos"tof the animall:! for work and serum manufacture are lmpo:rted from French Indo-China, and Hong kcmg,. the importation, especially of carabaos, wai further in directly reduced by the requirements of Administrative Order No. 21 issued by the Director of Agriculture on July 31, 1922, to the effect that only ai1imals immunized against rlnderpest could be imported :l'rom countries declared. infected with that disease. On July 28, 1922, the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural R&,ourt.!es by D-epartment Order No. 6 declared French Indo-China, Hongkong, and British India infected with rinder pest.. A firm importing earabaos and cattle from French Indo China, Messrs. Faustino Liebauco & Co., secured on September 14; 1�22, a temporary injunction from the Supreme Court again.st the Director of Agriculture and the Department Sec retary restrainIDg them from enforcing Administrative Order No. 21. Under this injunction they imported up to December 31 in all fY12 carabaos and 668 cattle without immunizing at the point of origin. The plaintiffs' contention before the comt was that section 1770 of the Administrative Code of 1917 on \vhich both Department Order No. 6 and Administrative Order No, 21, were based, was automatically repealed by Aet No. 3052 when this went into effect on Septernher 14, 1922. Tbe court ruled on December 4, 1922, that said seetfon is still in force· ordering at the same time that all ,a1mita issued by virtue of the temp�rary iujunet !on ref ffi';ed to above must be recognized . The amm�ls for which p�nuts were issued tinder the injuuc . twn and which had not amved in the Philippine Islands when

BUREAU OF AGRlCULTURE

181

decision was rendeJ:ed were 400 carabaoa and 650 cattle· of these 4?2 cattle arrived before the close of the year: . The importation of live cattle from Australia.for beef was: not st�pped after Septerilber 14, 1922, because the goverllment recogmz:d the contracts of Mr. Ramon Sori11.110 for 18,000 head entered into by him with a certain AUlltralian party prio1· to the �actment of Act No. 3052; of these he brought in during the year 5,108 head. Inter..isiand sh[vments.-Tbe number of lcattle arriving in Manila from inter-island ports was 11,407 during the year, aa compared with 6,856 in 1921. There were 2,126 c.a.raboos re ceive'd u against 906 the preceding year. InspetJtions for which feee were clta1'9'ed.-During the year 160,825 .animals of all kinds were inspected on arrival at the City of Ma.nils, for which fees amounting t.o li'21,9S8 were col lected. Of these animals 119,955 were hogs. Post-m01·Wm i7tS"Pectione in, Manila matadm-o.-There were. 127,8 8 1 animals ,of all kinds inspected at the :Manila matadero during the year, 1,391 being condemned and 126,490 passed for food. �e number slaughtered includes 1 1 5,034 swine. Posf-mortem inspectiom in Pandcwwn ,n.atad!ITo.-During the year, 14,194 cattle and 5 carabaos were slaughtered and in spected at this matadero, of which 15 were colldemned and 14,184 passed for food. This matadero is used chiefly for the slaughter of Animals imported from Pnom Pehn and Hongkong. Post-momni inspectiCl"M in Si8iman matadero.-Five thou sand one hundred eight cattJ.e were .slaughtered and inspected at this rnatadero during the year, 74 of which were condemned and 5,084 passed for food. There were a1So slaughtered 62 goats, of which 50 were passed for food and 2 condemned. _ COMBATING OF ANIMAL DISEASES

Rinderpcst.-Theni wel.'e 45,683 cases of and 34,306 deaths from this disease reeorded. This is approximately the same as the record for the preceding year--45,880 cases and 85,740 deaths in 1921. Although rinderpest appeared In 81 different provinces, iu the course of the year, its severest ravages were confined to a comparatively small portion of the Islands--An tlque, Bohoi Caph:, and Iloilo in the Vfaayas; Masbato in the Bicol region; and Bulacan, Laguna, and Rizal in Central Luzon. The list of pl.'ovinces infected is as follows: Abra, Antique, Ba taan Batangas, Bohol, Bulacan, Camarines Sur, Capfa, Cavite, Ceb�, Ilocos Norte, J!oilo, Isabela, Laguna, Leyte, Manila City,

182

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REl'ORT

Masbate, Misamis, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecij.a, Nueva Viz caya, Occidental Negros, Oriental Negros, Pampanga, Panga sinan Rizal Sorsogon, Tarlac, Tayabas, and Zambales. T� year �pened with 86 towns infected in 24 provinces and closed with 70 towns in 22 provinces. During the year there were 296 new outbreak of rinderpest, counting each case where a municipality was taken up as infected or reinfected a& a separate outbreak. These, with the municipalities 1·ema�!! infected from the preceding year, represent only 250 muruei palities, the discrepancy being caused by a number of towns . becoming infectl!d more than once durmg the year. The following table shOWS the number of rinderpest cases and deaths by three-month periods during 1922:

The difficulties met with in controlling outbreaks of this disease have been felt more keenly this year than ever before, for by force of circumstences the municipal and provincial offi cials were largely depended upon to enforce the quarantine reg. ulafions. As brought out in previous annual reports these officials by reason of their being eleetlve functionaries are at a disad1lant.age in flnforclng burdensome, though noeeBSary, measures such as animal quarantines. On the part of the live stock owners no efl'eeti.ve co1Speration has been rendered us, as by far the greater majority of them looks at the rinderpea.t problem only from a personal point of view and are interested only as to its lmmediate effect on themselves rather than from a national standpoint. They are intent in saving thefr own partieular herds of animals not seeming to know that this is impossible unlel!s they work in coiiperation with all other live stock owners in a given region, to realize tbat in dealing with a contagious disease such as rinderpoot· isolated individual ac tion is of no avail, It ls clear, therefore, that progress. in the control of rinder pest will advanee only as the cattle owners themselves aequire experience and become eonvineed of the necessity of observing the fundamental principles in the. control of contagious dis eases. As conditions are now in the Islands, this process will

BUREAU OF AGIUCULTUIU!.l

133

ta�e a long time, Ul.asmuch as the people can always procure a�1mals for work and for meat supply either from other re gJOns of the Islands or from foreign countries and are not forced by nece�sity to depend on the domestic supply and :;io have no incentive to make a determined fight against the dis e_ase. Moreover, tb.e yearly iol!sea from this di:sease is rela.- t1vely small as compm'1:ld with the total animal population. The loss this year is li per eent of the total population of cara baos and c.attJ,e, Immuniza.tioiz.-During the year three itnmuniziDg stations we.re in operation, namely, those at Candaba, Pampanga; La pus-lapua, Iloilo; and Pandaca.n, Manila. In a!! a total of 7,844 animals were immunb:ed against rinder'pest by the simultaneous method with a death rate of less than 1 per oont, as compared with 19, 127 animals imm.Wllzed in the previous year with less than 2 per cent loss resulting from the fmmunb:ation. The decrease in the number of animals immuni2ed is due to the decrease of animal importation resulting both tram financi al crisis and leglislative measuwi limiting the importation of foreign cattle, Anti-rinderpest semm.-The Pandaean serum laboratory pro duced during the year 2,414 liters of serum. The demand for anti-rinderpest serum this year was not as great as it was on the previous year because of the extensive use of Boynton's rin derpest vaccine in those regions where large quantities of serum was used bafore. Veterinary Tesearcl. !abora.tory.-Toward.11 the second half of the year .an effort was made to manufactu.rs Iloynton's rinder pest vaecine on a larS"e scale with the idea of using it extensively iD the field. Consequent to tlbis policy 38,976 head were vacci nated during the year in Masbate, Ilollo, Oecldental Negros, and in the provinces bordering on Manila. Work in the produetlon of vaecine against hog cholera was continued during the year and a total of 367 bend of hogs were experimentally vaecinated against hog cholet·a. Fifty.five dogs' bra.ins were examined for l'abies at the labor atory for the Bureau of Health. A ve:erinarian fr�m this labor atory was, as in previous years, detailed to exanune dogs sus picious of rabies detained by the Bureau of Health at San Lazaro

Ho�:tt.z:�.-During tlte year a severe outbreak of this disease was reported at the Canlubang Sugar Estate, which occurred about the commeneement of the rainy season and lasted for several months. It appears to have started at the Sugar Estate i

134

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REI'OR'l'

JLOlLD QUARANTINE STATION

SISJMAX MATADERD

BUREAU OF AGRICUUfURE

135

186

TWEN'l'Y-BECOND ANNUAL REPOR/l'

10. That!!lri.tiihln nurseries anddemonstrationstationa be establU!hed in esch region whne diff'e,ent platits wo:rthy of introduction may ba propa gated and the best varie� o£ !ruit tre�s be mnltlpltcd by grn:fting, bwidingornu:iroottlngf<ndietributionpurposes and where practical farm �nsg,em�t can be mustratud to the t�rmere adva.ntageou5ly. CONCLUSION As in previous reports, many of the statistical tables sueh as detailed reports of the sale of anin\a!S, livestock purchases, crop production, breeding 1'€00rds, inspeclions, publications, :fiber re cords, plant propagation and experimental. recoril.s on riee, sugar Cane,' com, tobacco, laho-ratory teats, map.a, graphfo charts, seed �d plant distribuJion, etc., were not 'inoorpora.ted herewith. They are, however, ay&ilable in the several divisions of the Bureau_ and may readily be furnished when detailed information ·on �ny of those subjects is required. Respectfully submitted, ADN. HERNANDEZ, DirB()tor The Honorable The SECBETARY OF AGRICULTURE AND NATORAL REsoURCES Mo.nila,P.I.

APPENDIX

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BURE,i.U OF AGllICULTlJRE

141

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146

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BUREAU 01'' AG!l!CULTURE

147

148

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BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

151

152

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

TAIILE :XI........Cora--A""r"oâ&#x20AC;¢ yield P",. l,eota.re, average price .:md va!u-0 of prnd11eti<m, bypro'1i1w,:,B,fnr t/ieye,iraendingJu'll6 8fJ, l9/U a1<d 1021

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

155

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BUREAU OF AGJl.lCULTURE

157

158

TWEKTYâ&#x20AC;¢SECO::>m ANNUAL REPORT

BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE

159