Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies: Dictatorships by Romancing True Power

Columbia University

Fall 2015

Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation

ARCHITECTURE V I S - A - V I S NEW IDEOLOGIES: DICTATORSHIPS Seminar with Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss

Juntian Dai, Seohee Lee, Yao Ma, RocĂo Olivares, Emily Shaffer, Ilijana Soldan, Hao Wu, Xin You

Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Columbia University 1172 Amsterdam Avenue New York, New York 10027 http://www.arch.columbia.edu/ Seminar:

Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies: Dictatorships Fall 2015

Professor:

Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss, Ph.D.

Students:

Juntian Dai Seohee Lee Yao Ma Rocío Olivares Emily Shaffer Ilijana Soldan Hao Wu Xin You

Guest Reviewers:

Amale Andraos, Dean, Columbia GSAPP Alfredo Brillenburg, Professor, ETH Zürich and partner of Urban Think Tank Pedro Colon, Research Scholar at Columbia GSAPP Kenneth Frampton, Professor, Columbia GSAPP Anna Kats, Critic, Tbilisi, Georgia Nina Rappaport, Director of Yale Architecture Publications Phu Hoang, Columbia GSAPP Andres Jacques, Office for Political Innovation and Columbia GSAPP Elena Pérez López, Architect & Urban Designer, Madrid Yehuda Safran, Professor, Columbia GSAPP Dubravka Sekulić, Doctoral candidate, ETH, Zürich Avinoam Shalem, Professor, Art History, Columbia University Alan Smart, Berlin Xenia Vytuleva, Art Historian, Columbia University Natalie Jeremijenko, NYU Ziad Jamaleddine, Columbia University

Book Design:

Edited by:

Ilijana Soldan 2

Columbia University

Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss GSAPP

Contents SYLLABUS Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss JOSIP BROZ TITO AND TELEVIZORKA BUILDING Ilijana Soldan JOSEPH STALIN AND BIROBIDZHAN Seohee Lee XI JINPING I AND 3D PRINTING FOR ALL Juntian Dai XI JINPING II AND CHINA WORLD TYPOLOGY Hao Wu XI JINPING III AND THE END TO WEIRD ARCHITECTURE Xin You EMÍLIO GARRASTAZU MÉDICI AND TRANSAMAZONICA HIGHWAY Rocio Olivares RICHARD NIXON AND THE U.S. NATIONAL EXHIBITION IN MOSCOW Emily Shaffer MAO ZEDONG AND NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Yao Ma SEMINAR ATMOSPHERE Photos from sessions

content of this publication expresses solely the opinions of the instructor and the students in the course ARCHA6457_001_2015_3 held at Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. None of the participants in this course can be held liable for any content presented. The

content in this book is fiction. All characters appearing in this work are fictitious. Any resemblance to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental. Columbia University does not endorse any of the views presented here.

Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies: Dictatorships

Syllabus Columbia GSAPP / Fall 2015 Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss, Ph.D.

sjw2162@columbia.edu ARCHA6457_001_2015_3: ARCHITECTURE VIS-A-VIS NEW IDEOLOGIES: DICTATORSHIPS This seminar will explore roles of architecture and political practices vis-a-vis autocratic power in imagining and designing inhabitations for the humanity. The output of this seminar will be a comic book based on spatial desires of autocrats and dictators imagined or built. We will examine their power, stylistic trappings and exposed desires towards space and territory they possess. We will investigate autocracy via political tools that call in design as an ideological solution to maintaining power. Students from all GSAPP departments are welcome as well as graduates from Columbia Art and International Affairs to join this seminar. Previous sample of the book can be found here: http://issuu.com/joungtaekyi/ docs/architecture_vis-a-vis_ideologies_0_36715a4a5159ec This seminar is designed to align investigation as a spatial practice such as architecture, art and activism vis-a-vis coopted aspects of traditional ideologies that we find in dictatorships. The meaning of new ideologies is thus positioned as a conceptual twin to autocracy and as enabler for spatial and visual practices in the face of contested political situations, systems and above all dictators. How do we create documentation, an archive of knowledge about global spaces of autocracy, how they are orchestrated, “tailored” to solitary power, mediated and finally experienced? The trigger for this seminar lies in the expanding practice opposing autocratic powers whether economical or political. Urban occupation of the Zuccotti park in down-town New York orchestrated by the Occupy movement is one of them. This extraordinary display of public dissent is seen as a node in a network of global upturns such as the Arab Spring in North Africa against a number of dictators and uprisings in Istanbul. Both protests are deeply connected to the public spaces of a city. The world new little about Tahrir square in Cairo before the anti-dictatorship uprising. The Turkish dissent started small led by students of architecture and urban design, as a protest around loosing an urban park in order to build a shopping center. Shortly, a dissent over a very little known space became a massive uprising against the dictator Erdogan and a symbol of a global phenomenon involving almost everyone from economists, human rights activists, academics to architects, artists and philosophers who gave it a conceptual spin. The philosopher Slavoj Žižek addressing the protesters at the Occupy Wall Street said: “rather than to congratulate ourselves” as to something that “we did as we were young and had a good party” let us look at emerging spatial practices engaging with power by finding its cracks. 4

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A number of emerging (and some established) practices of architecture, often working with art practices, find the mediation of the eroding ideological situation in the array of architecture of biennials and triennials, such as the most recent edition of Venice Architecture Biennial entitled The Elements by Rem Koolhaas. Other events include Lisbon Architecture Biennial entitled Design for Protest as well as ShenzhenHong Kong Biennial for Architecture and Urbanism with the topic of Urban Borders. Architectural practices such as Decolonizing Art and Architecture Residence (DAAR) based in Palestine research and analyze he use of city squares in Cairo and other North African capitals which witness radical changes in political power in North Africa. Other more interdisciplinary groups such as the School of Missing Studies look at the city as continuously generating subjects of knowledge that are lost and waiting for to be rediscovered. This investigative seminar will discuss approaches that merge architecture with art such as the ongoing Flint Public Art Project in Michigan. This initiative is using art, design and architecture to revitalize and bring forward lost industrial plants to the new public use. Similarly recent New Yorkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s MoMA architecture exhibit entitled 9+1 Ways of Being Political curated by curator Pedro Gadanho will be looked in retrospect of its elastic relationship of architecture to politics or ideology. One of the highlights of the seminar will be the study of contemporary dissident culture exemplified in the art and architecture of Ai Weiwei. We will also look at the design projects and strategies that large and established offices like Herzog & de Meuron Architects, OMA, Zaha Hadid and BIG pursue to continue working globally by bypassing autocracy. Clearly the role of an architect in those examples are multiple and contested. This may be so because architecture is practice that is susceptible to delivery of design that surpasses politics and ideology. With all this knowledge we will investigate elements and effects of autocratic power produced and solidified as space, architectural, urban, artistic or infrastructural. Each student or a group will chose a dictator and a pet project they have or had to present in a comic book format. The seminar atmosphere will be made as collaborative as possible, with outside visits, active student participation, presentations, relevant literature, workshops and discussion based atmosphere in the classroom. The readings are made to bring forward and instigate the brief history of ideology and its binds to the creation of totalitarian spaces. Workshops, software and templates for creating comic books will be provided. No previous skills are necessary. The final product of the seminar is the book, graphic novel with all studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; contributions, designed, self-published and disseminated.

Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies: Dictatorships

Schedule of Sessions 1. September 14 / 505 Avery Hall Introduction What is the role of an architect vis-a-vis elusive, if not evasive, contemporary meanings of ideology? What is an architecture entangled with ideology? What is spatial practice? What is meant by the vanishing act and the re-appearance of an ideological architecture in other unexpected ways? What is meant by the end of ideology? What is global about it? What is the aftermath of the disappearance of ideology in architecture? What is the forensic aspect of the disappearance of ideology? What is meant by geometry of ideology and geometry of dissent? How is contemporary spatial practice affected, or potentially recharged? Occupy Wall Street New York and global perspectives. Slavoj Žižek, The Politics of Batman / http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/ culture/2012/08/slavoj-žižek-politics-batman Slavoj Žižek, On Architecture and Aesthetics, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=xdbiN3YcuEI — 2. September 21 / 505 Avery Hall Built ideology / Brief history of Entanglement How did architecture ever entangle with ideology? What geometries, forms, associations, reductions, expansions are prone to be ideological? Outside over inside. Inside over outside. Constructivist architecture / Stalinist architecture / relations to US Nazi Architecture / Haus der Kunst, Munich / relations to US Third Way / Socialist Yugoslav architecture for the Non Aligned Movement of countries Chernikhov Iakov, Architectural Fantasies: 101 Composition. [Moscow]: Iakov Chernikhov International Foundation, 2002. Print Cooke, Catherine. “Soviet Architectural Competitions.” Soviet Architectural Competitions: 1920s - 1930s. Ed. Catherine Cooke and Igor Kazus. London: Phaidon, 1992. 6-17. Print. Gadanho, Pedro. “Fictional Futures and Untold Plans.” Shrapnel Contemporary. Pedro Gadanho’s Blog, 2009. Web. 03 Sept. 2012. <http://shrapnelcontemporary. wordpress.com/archive-texts/fictional-futures-and-untold-plans/>. Tarkhanov, Alexei, and Sergei Kavtaradze. “Introduction & The Style Is Found.” Stalinist Architecture. [London]: Laurence King, 1992. 10-79. Print. — 3. September 28 / 505 Avery Hall Built ideology / Brief history of entanglement II

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Built Ideology: Haus der Kunst, conversation between Jacques Herzog and Rem Koolhaas, moderated by Mark Wigley / http://032c.com/2008/built-ideology-hausder-kunst/ Timeline of Change / Unpublished timeline study of Haus der Kunst by Herzog & de Meuron and OMA/AMO / PDF will be provided at or before session-2. a. Follow up video discussion between Rem Koolhaas and Jacques Herzog on Haus der Kunst in Munich, 11 am - 12 pm b. Discussion and Observation of students projects, 12 pm - 1 pm — 4. October 5 / 505 Avery Hall Monument For An Idea Nostalgia for the (idea of) the future (from the past). Monument to the Victory of the Cold War. What is a monument to an idea? Ilya Kabakov art and architecture projects Groys, Boris. Ilya Kabakov: The Man Who Flew into Space from His Apartment. London: Afterall, 2006. Print. Boym, Svetlana. The Future of Nostalgia. New York: Basic, 2001. Print. / http:// books.google.com/books/about/The_Future_of_Nostalgia.html?id=7BbTJ6qVPMcC Buck-Morss, Susan. “Hypertext: Cold War Enemies.” Dreamworld and Catastrophe: The Passing of Mass Utopia in East and West. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2000. 2-9. Print. Miessen, Markus. “Eastern promises: Markus Miessen on OMA/AMO at the Hermitage.” Artforum International 47.2 (2008): 179+. General OneFile. Web. 3 Sep. 2012. http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-187505536/eastern-promises-markus-miessenon-oma-amo-at-the Bogdanovic, Bogdan. Ed. Joanna Labon. Balkan Blues: Writing out of Yugoslavia. Evanston (Ill.): Northwestern UP, 1995. 37-74. Print. -5. October 12 / 505 Avery Hall Deconstructing Ideology / Brief History of Disentanglement -Lessons from art and philosophy. Theories of dynamic individualism. Forms “beyond” representations of ethics. Relational aesthetics. Relational geometry. Artificial Hells. Aesthetic regimes. Project ‘Unite’ Le Corbusier. Pierre Burdieux / Bruno Latour / Marina Abramovic / Anselm Franke / Animism -Bishop, Claire. Artificial Hells: Participatory Art & the Politics of Spectatorship. London: Verso, 2012. 26-30 & 195-206. Print. Bourdieu, Pierre. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1984. Print.

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Deleuze, Gilles. “Intuition as Method.” Bergsonism. New York: Zone, 1988. 1336. Print. Slavoj Žižek, “Cynicism as a Form of Ideology.” The Sublime Object of Ideology. London, New York: Verso, 1989. 28-30. Print. / http://www.egs.edu/faculty/slavojzizek/articles/cynicism-as-a-form-of-ideology/ On Marina Abramovic re-entanglement with architecture / http://artsbeat. blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/special-chairs-and-lots-of-time-marina-abramovicplans-her-new-center/ / http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/04/garden/04location. html?pagewanted=all — 6. October 19 / 505 Avery Hall / SKYPE on Thursday 11 am - 1 pm with Warsaw (location to be announced) Elastic Ideology -United States (New York) perception of ideology. What is the process of an “ending” of an ideology? How does this end occur, what is its timeline, and who are its actors. What is future for an ideology. Role in art and architecture in conceptualizing recent futures instead of permanent futures. Late Capitalism and Late Socialism. Empire and fragmentation if it? What Was Socialism and What Comes Next? What is Soft Socialism? (No) Future of Socialism. Harvard view of ideology? Hardt, Michael, and Antonio Negri. “The Multitude Against Empire.” Empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2000. 393-413. Print. Verdery, Katherine. “The Elasticity of Land: Problems of Property Restitution in Transilvania.” What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next? Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1996. 133-67. Print. Kagan, Elena. “To The Final Conflict: Socialism In New York City, 1900-1933.” Diss. Princeton University, 1981. To The Final Conflict: Socialism In New York City, 1900-1933. Princeton University. Web. <http://dailycaller.com/wp-content/uploads/ Kagan-princeton-thesis.pdf>. — 7. October 26 / 505 Avery Hall Observation 2 Student projects and draft presentations Guest: Kenneth Frampton / 11 am-1 pm Guest: Andres Jacques, Office for Political Innovation / GSAPP —

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8. November 2 / 505 Avery Hall Infra Ideology / Shenzhen Craciun, Mihai. “Ideology: Shenzen.” Great Leap Forward: Harvard Design School Project on the City. Ed. Rem Koolhaas and Et Al. Köln: Taschen, 2001. 46-89. Print. Workshop Student projects and draft presentations — 9. November 9 / 505 Avery Hall Romanced Ideology III / Architecture of Political Power Craciun, Mihai. “Ideology: Shenzen.” Great Leap Forward: Harvard Design School Project on the City. Ed. Rem Koolhaas and Et Al. Köln: Taschen, 2001. 46-89. Print. Workshop Student projects and draft presentations — 10. November 16 / 505 Avery Hall Workshop / Book-production Book layout and production — 11. November 23 / 505 Avery Hall a. Workshop / Book-production Book layout and production b. Visit by Aaron Levy, Director of Slought Foundation, Philadelphia — 12. November 30 / 505 Avery Hall Workshop / Book-production Book layout and production — 13. December 14 / 505 Avery Hall Book layout and launch Presentation + Reception Projects presented and disseminated Final projects in the book format to be submitted by this date. Party. --

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JOSIP BROZ TITO AND TELEVIZORKA BUILDING

Soldan, Ilijana

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JOSEPH STALIN AND BIROBIDZHAN

Lee, Seohee

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in germany...

building no longer belongs to the realm of art and aesthetic but belongs to science, the study of objectivity. Building is now either perfect or imperfect but not beautiful or ugly.

co-op will liberate individual to be own agent instead of being enslaved to one particular individual

socialist building is neither beautiful nor ugly, it is perfect or imperfect, right or wrong.

vopra

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i'm funded by 50 pfeninngs of each individual members in union

i'm the coop model school for workers

we study: trade union management economics insurance labour law industrial hygiene

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co-op in show! dummy anti-co-ops.. co-op is benefitial!

simplest simplicity

product from co-op trade

product from co-op production

http://thecityasaproject.org/2013/05/hannesmeyer-co-op-architecture/

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der standard, 1926

i present to you co-op!

the new world, the standard. THE SCIENCE

the standardisation of simplest his need as regarding simplicity housing...

product from co-op trade

the standardisation of his need frees him in movement, economies, simplification and relaxation

standardisation is impersonal

product from co-op production

hannes Meyer, die neue Welt, der standard 1926

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meanwhile in soviet union...

famine... hungry...

bread...

bread riot march, 1917

bread!

bread!!!

we want bread! bread!

no longer need a tsar.

end of tsar. brest-litovsk treaty march 03, 1918

tsar nicholas ii abdicated

let's make peace. no more tit for tat tsar cannot even provide bread?

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yep. we need to focus internal issues not with you guys.

mission revolution of 1917 is cleared. and now is time to build a nation under Bolshevik ideology that is for proletariat!

storming winter palace, October 1917

power to proletariat!

so long~ provisional government!

for bolsheviks!

hm... what am i going to do now that my Russian Revolution of 1917 has brought up the need for embracing different ethinicities and religions under the same roof of Soviet union...

IT IS SCIENCE! AS LONG AS SCIENTIFIC! i know! "national in form but socialist in content!"

stalin 1913

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the new world is constructed: tatlin third international utopia for proletariat

i'm the materialisation of ideology. you want me to real huh?! too bad. I can only exist in this form

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well... sort of. it is not realised SCIENCE!

this is it!!!

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meanwhile in soviet union...

"we are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. we must make good this lad in ten years. either we do or they crush us."

stalin's speech youtube bbc

we are soviet workers!

whaaaaat?! 2+2 = 5 COLLECTIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE to HELP BUILD STRONGER SOVIET UNION faster!

full speed ahead to stronger russia!

jews are also soviet workers!

stalin's forgotten zion

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come on brothers. let's build the birobidzhan the new paradise. here is your chance to make your dream come true in paradise birobidzhan!!!

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religious tradition

healthy workers

hostility you will be the soviet jew. the builder of great russia.

agriculture worker

miserly commerce factory worker

improp er jewish religious education proper socialist education

stalin's forgotten zion

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win your ticket to socialist utopia for jews.

come and build your dream in reality.

i'm a dream land for all of your own dreams.

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back in germany... ladies and gentle man! this is the bauhaus league: battle between socialist and capitalist! red corner! hannes meyer's Petersschule the new objectivity

blue corner! mies van der rohe's glass skycraper the capitalism

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the winner of the bauhaus league is...

bring back hannes meyer to bauhaus!

mies van der rohe!

can't hide the truth!

ussr...

stupid capitalists. darn... how come no one sees the true face of capitalist?!

I cannot work under capitalism that exploits human as worthless animals by each other... it is sickening. let's leave this sickening and animalistic world. so long capitalism!! interview from pravda 1930

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oh boy! oh boy! oh boy! time for my dream of co-op to come true in the soviet utopia, birobidzhan.

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HANNES MEYER YOU'RE BEING FOOLED BY IDOLIZED ME...

no worries, just seat back and enjoy the ride.

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let's stroll down the tikhonkaya~

one storey houses made of wood and clay

planning the capital city of a "community of forutne" in the soviet far-east: hannes meter's scheme for the jewish autonomous oblast of birobidzhan (1933-1934)

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streets in front of the train station

birobidzhan's main street

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planning a town or a city must be collective endeavours with scientists, engineers, and etc so that its taste belongs to no one.

planning the capital city of a "community of forutne" in the soviet far-east: hannes meter's scheme for the jewish autonomous oblast of birobidzhan (1933-1934)

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the charnel house, hannes meyer, marxist and modernist 1889-1954

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workers need garden to sooth their pain from labours... everyone should have a decent home, work, and leisure space.

everyone should have a decent home, work, and leisure space.

new world. the socialist city design for the people but not for those bourgeois.

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LET'S TALK ABOUT FUNCTION OF AXIS IN CITY PLANNING

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FORMAL INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE OLD AND THE NEW SETTLEMENT

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THIS IS QVARTAL. THE VERY BASIC DWELLING UNIT OF COLLECTIVE PLANNING

MAKE ROOM FOR STRIPS OF PUBLIC FACILITIES

MAKE ROOM FOR STRIPS OF URBAN FACILITIES

I'M GREEN SPACE TO SOOTHE FATIGUE OF WORKERS

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NOW, I'M AS INDEPENDENT AS I CAN GET! GREEN SPACE, HOUSING, PUBLIC FACILITIES, AND URBAN FACILITIES

THESE COLLECTIVE PROGRAMS ARE CAREFULLY LAID IN STRIPS OF AFFINITY TO MAXIMIZE EFFICIENCY

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IT'S TIME TO MAKE THIS SOVIET UTOPIA COME TRUE

FINALLY. THE MOMENT OF TRUTH.

LET' DO THIS 5 YEARS PLAN

I'M READY TO BE REALISED

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SO LONG BIROBIDZHAN! SOVIET HAS NO MONEY OR ANY OTHER RESOURCE TO INVEST IN JEWS

NOOOOOOOOO

I THOUGHT IT WAS A DONE DEAL

BIROBIDZHAN TODAY

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THE END BIROBIDZHAN... THE SOVIET UTOPIA

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XI JINPING I AND 3D PRINTING FOR ALL

Dai, Juntian

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China‘s green great leap forward

dictator： Xi Jinping student： Juntian Dai

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PRINCIPLES

15th Oct, 2014, speaking at a literary symposium in Beijing, Xi’s speech took shot at Chinese architects and artists who have designed avant-garde style buildings. Instead, he said that art should “be like sunshine from the blue sky and the breeze in spring that will inspire minds, warm hearts, cultivate taste, and clean up undesirable work styles.” 82

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Xi believes that the art and architec-ture in China should appeal to the average Chinese citizen, who should also be the main subject of all artwork. His sentiment hearkens back to late Chinese leader Mao Zedong’s idea that the working class in China should not only be the major audience for all art, but that it should be a reflection of their everyday lives.

2015, March, The concept of “greening” was advanced

by Xi at a meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. “Greening” upgraded to state strategy, green constructional materials will dominate the building materials market.

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Building materials can be saved 30% to 60%, duration can be reduced by 50% to 70%. Construction costs can be saved at least 50%.

The material of building printing are mainly construction waste, industrial waste and mine tailings, additional materials are mainly cement and steel, as well as special additives.

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the Waterfowl Pavilion is not only an exhibition building for public visiting, but also a residential house for birds to hatching, breeding, living and growing that the building performance requirements are more complex than ordinary building.

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XI JINPING II AND CHINA WORLD TYPOLOGY

Wu, Hao

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Ă&#x2018;

This is a fictive comic story Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies

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Let's do it! we ar Future

We need a pavilion of China!

And China's pavilion should bigger than the others!

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re the e!

Let me help u, i'm young.

As the socalled masters, We should not miss this chance!

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you know, in china everything arrange in order of seniority

m i

Ji ngtang's proposal is put on the top

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Jing tang's design is good, but I think this national project should not be his own, let some people to assist him, make their designs into one.

Alt hough it is not my original design, i'm still the major architect.

Why is him? but fortunately my name will be on the list.

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Yo ur words here...

Chi na's pavilion should be the most remarkable one!

Wha tĂ&#x2022; s that big guy?!

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Your words here...

i'm the axis of the whole site!

i'm the tallest and largest one!

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I see the future! china pavilion is a wonderful architecture type!

pav a o

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The pyramid Ă&#x2022; s shape symbolizes the hierarch of human society

The vilionĂ&#x2022; s shape is opposite to the pyramid.

find somebody to study what he said!

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i am interested! letĂ&#x2022; s study from the ancient chinese structure in yzfs!

AMO & harvard gsd & experts

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Cut cut cut...

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co envir m

YZFS curb corruption in society (a side effect of the thriving architecture industry resulting from the increase in housing demand): to reduce the waste of materials and capital, and to prevent local governments from committing corruption during construction management.

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published on fluxusfoundation.

Comp aring thousands of years of chinese wisdom with ontemprorary urgent social and ronmental concerns, effectively making the leap from wooden structures to smart published structures.

on fluxusfoundation.com

.com

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yzf s is more about the hierarch, the power from top to the bottom. my pavilion is the opposite, th basic and biggest part is on the top.

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yzfs is about the ancient dictator control the local government. about the power and hierarchy.

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Revo

I se

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olution of society hierarch

ee !

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front view

axon view

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the pavilion and the pyramid have almost the same footprint.

comparing every typologies

but the difference of their shape result in the difference how they raise up. raised pavilion has smaller footprint.

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But is it appropriate mass production

And then construction begins.

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for

Of course! It is not high-tec, the smaller footprint will cost less money. we all can do it!

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years afterĂ&#x2030;

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ItĂ&#x2022; s glad to see that!

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More and more Pavilion type are built.

i think it is wonderful! the government is now on the first floor of the building my home is in. What d the n

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i am a labour, now i and my friends are living at the top of the building. the view is great!

do u think of new building style?

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I think the whole human world should use this kind of architecture typology .

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Thank u for sharing it to the world.

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It is chinaĂ&#x2022; s pleasure.

China can share it with the whole world!

ItĂ&#x2022; s a great step in human history.

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How can i do it in NYC?

in china, we have all these different types for different usage and cases.

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I think first u can paint it red to see what will happen.

looks much betterĂ&#x2030;

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pavilion fits into the grid.

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different typologies

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like we can put pv panels on the roof!

I think YZFSÕ s STYLE IS MORE EXCITING AND HAS MORE potential.

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And why not combine it with the pavilion? ItĂ&#x2022; s perfect!

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XI JINPING III AND THE END TO WEIRD ARCITECTURE You, Xin

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EMILÍO GARRASTAZU MÉDICI AND TRANSAMAZONICA HIGHWAY

Olivares, Rocío

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RICHARD NIXON AND THE U.S. NATIONAL EXHIBITION IN MOSCOW

Shaffer, Emily

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WELCOME to The american national exhibition in moscow, 1959

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your tour guide: a STATE OF THE ART robotic vacuum I THINK OF MYSELF AS MORE OF AN Ò AMBASSADORÓ , BUT ANYWAY...

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Hey Guys, welcome to 1959 where the future is nigh! IĂ&#x2022; m a hands free, artificially intelligent vacuum

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IÕ m one of the lucky few americans who haD the opportunity to come over for the fair. THESE ARE SOME OF MY FRIENDS. WE LIKE TO THINK OF OURSELVES AS JUST YOUR TYPICAL AMERICAN.

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If you follow me this way, you can enjoy a classic bucky fuller dome which is housing charles and ray eamesĂ&#x2022; 7 channel video installation

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IÕ m a slaAAvVVVe to american womenÕ s apparelÉ itÕ s impossible to keep up with the new styles!

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DOWN THIS HALL WE HAVE THE CREME DE LA CREME (EXCUSE MY FRENCH) OF AMERICAN FINE ART

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i donÕ t get it. MIGHT AS WELL PUT A VACUUM LIKE ME IN A plastic DISPLAY AND CALL it A WORK OF ART

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please excuse the crowds. The russians seem to be very excited. I met one young man named Andrey Bokov who has already been to the show countless times.

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To the right you can see me in situ as part of the average american household. I like to minimize work for the housewives of america.

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See, with appliances like me, I let women get back to relaxing just like theyĂ&#x2022; re suppose to.

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Hi, IÕ m susan

IÕ m Bess! Ethel

Debbie

IÕ m Bonnie

please meet some of my friends! All these ladies work for betty crocker and are here to help the russians learn the american way through baking!

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please call me ruth anne IĂ&#x2022; m Lucille, but I love Lucy

Mary

Barbara

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This recipe is already almost done when you open the box!

HereÕ s barbara (and edward bernaysÉ ?) showing the russianÕ s how simple but important our betty crocker recipes are

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mustnÕ t forget the egg!

whatÕ s all that noise coming from IN the next rooM??? IÕ m trying to focus on my jobÉ

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whoa! vice president nixon and soviet premier nikita khrushchev!!! what are they talking about?

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GOTTA GET CLOSERĂ&#x2030; .

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É IN AmeRICA, WE LIKE TO MAKE LIFE EASIER FOR WOMEN...

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your capitalistic attitude toward women does not occur under communism

I THINK THAT THIS ATTITUDE TOWARDS WOMEN IS UNIVERSAL. WHAT WE WANT TO DO, IS MAKE LIFE MORE EASY FOR OUR HOUSEWIVES

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who needs russian or english when youĂ&#x2022; ve got hands? Geesh - take a look at the body language.

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É YOUR AMERICAN HOUSES ARE BUILT TO LAST ONLY 20 YEARS SO BUILDERS COULD SELL NEW HOUSES AT THE END. WE BUILD FIRMLY. WE BUILD FOR OUR CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN

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Houses last for more than 20 years in america, but, even so, after 20 years, many americans want a new house or a new kitchen. their kitchen is obsolete by that timeÉ the american system is designed to take advantage of new inventions and new techniques.

wait a secÉ is Nixon saying IÕ m replaceable?

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MAO ZEDONG AND NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

Ma, Yao

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鼓足干劲力争上游多快好省地建设社会主义。骂我们是秦始皇，是独裁者我们一概承认！中共⼋八⼤大圆满结束！

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SEMINAR ATMOSPHERE

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Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies positions ideology as a conceptual twin, driver, enabler, of spatial dis-charge for

architecture in contested political situations. The investigationbased seminar conducted at Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, Columbia University looks for

possible roles of a future designer in practice engaged vis-

a-vis aspects of new political ideologies that affect fields of architecture, urbanism, art and activism.

Architecture vis-a-vis New Ideologies: Dictatorship GSAPP, Columbia University 1172 Amsterdam Avenue New York, New York 10027 http://www.arch.columbia.edu/