Hola MaHigh-School - February 2022 by Romele

Hola MaHighSchool Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2022

Covid is going!

Contents 02 School Calendar 03 Poem for February 06 Editor’s letter 10 Contributors 12 Holler at us 13 Out of Covid 14 Overberg District plans 2022 16 Career Coaching - By Sivuka 22 Super Immunity 26 First vaccines 28 Natural selection or Genetics

Contents 36 Writing with - the quill 38 Writing with - the dip pen 40 Writing with - the ballpoint 42 Writing with - the typewriter 46 Ukraine vs Putin vs the world 50 Planning a gig 54 The One 56 It is Movie Time! 58 The Month of March 60 We need writers 62 Next Issue

Sybil Otterstrom Editor and CEO

The year has really started. We are all back in the groove now. There are a lot of things to get on with now. We must also start looking at Open-Day and remember, it is is not only for grade 12. What have we got this time? we look at an industry-view: a district, a TVET and also service providers out there. It is all about gearing up for the most important decision: what after highschool? But also look at the other things: international (Ukraine), the lastest on vaccine and of course a bit of fun: movies, music and the rest! Good read!

Sybil

Tshwane South Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Do you youhave havea aGrade Grade 9 certificate or higher? Have decided Do 9 certificate orEducation higher? Have you you decided College operating under the Department of Higher and which career path to follow? Training thepath fourthto largest TVET College in terms of enrolwhichbecame career follow? ments in 2018. Over and above that thethe College managed to attainVocational - NC (V) and Well choose National Certificate Well don’t don’tlook lookany anyfurther further choose the National Certificate Vocational - NC(V) the fifth rank in the 2019 T119 national results. The College was also start studying for your career path? and start studying for your career path.for the fields of Meselected as one of the Centres of Specialisation chanical Fitter, and Fitting and Turning, Electrician, Boilermaking and What is National Certificate Vocational NC(V)? Millwright 2017. What isinNational Certificate Vocational (NCV)?

TheNational NationalCertificate Certificate Vocational NC(V) is aand new and modern qualification The Vocational (NCV) is a new modern qualification offered

Employing ±470 staff TVET members, theTVET College aims to2007. equip students offered at Tshwane South College since offered at Tshwane South College since January It isJanuary offered at2007. LevelsIt2,is3 and 4 with the skills required by the job market and has Alumni that work of National Framework are equivalent to Grades 10, 11 and at the Levels 2, 3Qualifications and 4 of the Nationalwhich Qualifications Framework which are for renowned Engineering companies like WBHO, to name but a few.

12. It is regarded as one of quality andas high knowledge pro- skills, equivalent to Grades 10,the 11high andskills, 12. Ithigh is regarded one of the high grammes that provides experience of the workplace environment and is intended toof high quality and high knowledge programmes that provides experience Under the auspices of Department of Higher Education Training, the directly respond to the priority. This qualification will also provide you an opportunithe workplace environment and is intended to 9directly College targets learners who have completed their Grade to 11 forrespond to the priority. ty to be admitted higher studies is subject appropriate NC (V) courses as wellatas learners who haveyou completed their Gradetoto 12be This qualification will alsoeducation provide an that opportunity admitted subject at higher combination. for NATED/Report 191 programmes. education studies that is subject to appropriate subject combination.

Duration of the qualification: The College offers Report 191 programmes N1 to N6 in Mechanical, Duration of the qualification: Civil and Electrical Engineering, N4 to N6 Management Assistant, FiNCV isManagement aisthree yearyear qualification offered at 2, 3inand Each4.level takes a full NC(V) a three qualification offered Levels 2, 4. 3 and Each level takes nancial and Hospitality Studies. NCLevels (V)atL2-L4 Electrical year of study. A student is issued with a certificate on the successful completion of a full year Construction, of study. A Engineering student isand issued with a certificate Infrastructure Related Design, Informa- on the successful each level of of study. tion Technology, Tourism, Officeof Administration, Civil Construction and completion each level study. Hospitality. Learnerships are also offered at the College. At TSC TVET we offer the following NC(V) programmes: At TSC TVET we offer the following NC (V) programmes:

Tshwane South TVET Currently comprises of the following Campuses: Atteridgeville, Centurion, •• Finance, Finance, Economicsand andAccounting Accounting Economics Odi and Pretoria West.

•• Office Office Administration Administration • Information Technology Computer Scienceskills of its Hospitality students The College’s campus in Centurion isand famed for the Science culinary • Information Technology and Computer •• Civil Civil Engineering Building Construction and for having the best machinery for practical engineering training workshops. Atteridgeville Engineering & &Building Construction •• Electrical Electrical Infrastructure Construction Campus is known for its Civil Engineering. Pretoria Infrastructure Construction West is offering Engineering for both Report 191 and Engineering NC (V) andand hasand been identified as an Engineering Report 191 and for Engineering and IT •• Engineering Related Design Related Design courses. The Odi campus, in Mabopane, is acclaimed for its NC (V) Tourism Programme. •• Hospitality Hospitality •• Tourism Tourism

Want to be part of the fourth industrial revolution let TSC TVET assist you to achieve the future! LIL\17619086

COURSES OFFERED AT TSHWANE SOUTH TVET COLLEGE NATIONAL CERTIFICATE VOCATIONAL *L2 - L4 : • • • • • • • •

Tourism Hospitality Information Technology & Computer Science Civil Engineering & Building Construction Electrical Infrastructure Construction Engineering & Related Design Oﬃce Administration Finance Economics & Accounting

PRE LEARNING PROGRAMME • PLP – Pre Learning Programme (NEW)

REPORT 191: GENERAL STUDIES *N4 - N6 : • Intro Business Studies N4 • Intro Catering services N4 • Management Assistant • Financial Management • Hospitality Studies

REPORT 191: NATURAL SCIENCE (ENGENEERING STUDIES)

*N4 - N6 :

• Electrical, Mechanical & Civil Engineering

SKILLS PROGRAMME • • • •

Clothing Production Artisan Training Gandhi – Mandela Centre of Specialisation for Artisan Skills (NEW) Centre of Specialisation for tting & turning (NEW)

LEARNERSHIP • Early Childhood Development • Community House Building • Building and Civil Construction CAMPUS CONTACT DETAILS:

General Enquiries: 012 401 5000 Atteridgeville: 012 373 1200 Centurion: 012 660 8500/1 Pretoria West: 012 380 5000 Odi: 012 725 1800

Tshwane South TVET College has been selected as one of the Centres of Specialisation for the elds of Mechanical Fitter and Fitter & Turning.

FOR MORE INFORMATION VISIT : www.tsc.edu.za

Want to be a contributor? Wanting to write like a pro?

You CAN! look firther and see how you can become one.

are the

Contributors

... and it is a good feeling to entertain and inform.

Masiziba Hadebe is doing her Master’s Agricultural Economics at the University of the Free State (UFS). She is driven to make a change and is a passionate volunteer for community projects. She loves reading and writing about science, agriculture and anything in between. She believes you can wear a smile whatever the weather! I am Marcia Ramodike from Limpopo Tzaneen at lenyenye. I am an author when not studying. I am passionate about writing and i live to give hope and wish to change the world. I love reading and in most of my time i write. My favourite book is ‘Her Mothers Hope by Francine Rivers. And we are honoured to also have industry-views from: Edith Wynne-Trollip: Curriculum Support and advise, Overberg District Ashalia Maharajh: Founder & Director, Sivuka Consulting (Pty) Ltd Thozamile Mvumvu: Communications Practitioner, Northlink TVET

Artvilla Dakamela, 22, another wizard from the literature world, he is an Accounting student at the University of the Free State. He has written for the Initiative for Creative African Narratives (iCAN) amongst others. He currently resides in Durban KZN - and is a very enthusiastic reader and writer.

My name is Molatelo Kate Kgatla, I’m 24 years old. I was born and raised in Lenyenye. I’m a grade 2 teacher at Vunza Teddy Bear Learning Academy, an author of a book titled her jouney as a young mother. I became a mother at 17. It influenced me to write about my personal journey to try and help someone that could be going through the same. I love writing and I love my 7 year old daughter and life. Lesly Malose Mahapa is a singer/writer/poet. He started writing at the age of 14 and has since been on a journey to pursue his music and writing career. Lesly is currently working with an indie group ‘MozSouth’ based in Ivory park, Midrand. Lesly is also a brand ambassador for a local clothing line “Boi Boi apparel”

HOLLER AT US MaHigh-School The stuff we need to mention:

Website www.romele.co.za

Editor & Publisher Sybil Otterstrom sybil@romele.co.za Advertising sales Next level Management services cc 011 614 5046 076 360 1792 sybil@next-level.co.za Publishing Romele Publications cc 32 Eleanor street Troyeville 2094 011 614 5046/076 360 1792

facebook.com/ holamahigh

Enquiries Romele Publications cc 32 Eleanor Street Troyeville 2094 Production and Art Direction Ivan Otterstrom ivan@romele.co.za

Twitter.com/ high_hola

It is true! Covid is slowly retreating. There are many variants, but it all seems to go down in severity. Not saying it is gone, but … we may have to live with covid as we live with the common cold and flu. Flu, by the way, is also rather serious. But what does it mean? It means we can start doing things again. The restrictions will fall away and what we used to do, we can. Class rooms are open and learning is back to what it should be. All of that is good of course, but our lives have changed forever. We have to realise that online is a part of us all now. We need to understand that as much as we are back in the class room, we also have an online world now. We can see mom or dad working from home and we must understand the power of it all. There will be more challenges, but if can face down Covid, we can surely do so much more. And this world will need all of us. Flexibility will be the key word for 2022. We have to be able to juggle all the opportunities and we have to master new technology… and that is not too bad, really

The District - 2022 District Subject improvement plans are all aligned with the District and Provincial improvement plans. School improvement plans are aligned with the District improvement plans. Getting started for the new year, the previous year’s results are used to profile the type of learners that are now sitting with in grade 12, 11, 10, 9 and 8. Targeted support programmes are designed according to the needs identified for both educators and learners. Identifying the various needs (post covid-19 closures) and finding workable solutions to support and render a better curriculum service as well as other support services to schools, eg. Library services, Social Workers, Psychologists, Therapists, Nutrition and Transport to name but a few. The District is focused on enhancing 4th industrial skills and encourag-

ing an entrepreneurial and Growth mindset. The usage of online learning is encouraged and where it is not possible hard copies must be provided. Time on task and protected curriculum time is high on the agenda. No learner left behind, unique support must be rendered in unique situations and Self- Directed Learning is preached. A Blended learning approach is encouraged by both the Province and the District. Extra classes in mainstream subjects and improved quality passes is prioritized. Curriculum support visits are prioritized for both high performing learners as well as those who might find it difficult to achieve for various reasons. The Telematics Programme is used at targeted schools where learners can slot in and enjoy quality lessons presented by professionals for various mainstream subjects. Parental involvement is vital therefore contact with parents is encouraged. Upskilling and empowering of Novice teachers and experienced teachers that might be new in a particular subject as well as empowerment of Heads of Departments and Subject heads is in order to ensure that the quality of content teaching is upheld. Quality teaching and learning is at the core of the day-to-day activities in the district. The main aim is to achieve an increased number of quality matric passes in order to ensure a better opportunity in future career option and choices for all our learners. Skills development advocacy enjoys as much attention at this stage.

Edith Wynne-Trollip (writing in her personal capacity) Curriculum Support and Advise Overberg Education District

How Career Coaching supports SA Youth and what you need to know By Ashalia Maharajh, Founder and Director of Sivuka Consulting What is career coaching? Very simply, career coaching is conducted by a professional coach that supports, guides and provides tools to young people to achieve their career goals. Our work is rooted in the fundamental belief in the client’s innate talent, brilliance and capability to do great things in their careers. It is important to note that it is not counselling and it is not therapy. Whilst coaching may reduce anxiety and stress, our coaches do not directly tackle mental health issues. If this is picked up, we refer the client to a trusted counsellor/therapist that may provide specialised support needed in these areas. Career coaches do not simply help with a CV revamp or prepping for an interview. This is so much more. Coaching digs deep into who you are, your purpose, the magnificence of all that makes you unique. It supports the alignment to your employability brand in order to achieve your career goals. Our career coaches are qualified in what they do and have 1000’s of hours of experience working with youth. They are not mentors or “advice givers” – they use their very specific skills to help you meet

your immediate goals and also learn life long skills. We are aiming for a longer shift in mindset for young people – a “teach a woman to fish” approach. What is the most common misconceptions about your dream job? That a well-done CV is all you need to conduct an effective job search—and that career coaches will actually find you a job. Whilst it is important to have your CV in tip top shape, your CV does not get the hits it needs in landing you a job, because you are missing something in communicating your employability on paper. THAT’S how coaching supports the youth. We help young people understand their value, their KSA (Knowledge, Strengths and Abilities), their lifestyle needs and then help them communicate that on paper to get the recruiter’s attention. Keen to know more about your virtual career coaching options? Drop us a mail info@sivuka.com and request more info and your free consultation. We would love to help support you on your career journey!

NOT SURE WHAT TO DO AFTER YOU LEAVE SCHOOL? Read on and see why EEC TVET College could be your partner to a brighter future… “2022 could be an exciting time for you as you leave high school behind and start equipping yourself for a career, whether as a self-employed entrepreneur or nding a niche for yourself in the workplace!”

MARKETING DIRECTOR Mr Z Mbolekwa

ASDCCampus

BrakpanCampus

KwaThemaCampus

BenoniCampus

DaveytonCampus

SpringsCampus

GOOD REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD CONSIDER ENROLLING AS A STUDENT AT EKURHULENI EAST TVET COLLEGE: 1. We oﬀer a wide selection of programmes: You need to use the time after you leave school to equip yourself with the skills that will make you employable. EEC TVET College oﬀers vocational training of a high standard in many �elds� ICT, Tourism, Accounting, Secretarial, Hospitality, Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Wholesale and Retail as well as a wide range of artisan trades that are recognised as being in high demand, e.g. Fitter and Turner, Welder, Boiler Maker, Air Conditioning Services Technician, Melter etc. 2. You can enrol as a student at EEC TVET College with Grade 9, 10, 11 and Grade 12 or equivalent: If you have passed the above grades, you qualify to enrol for the NC(V) National Certi�cate (Vocational) which will give you a Matric Equivalent Certi�cate in vocational subjects after three years. If you have already passed Grade 12, you could enrol for a Report 191, (N4 – N6) Nated courses. Each level takes six months so at the end of eighteen months you could have completed the theoretical aspect of your training. In order to get a National Diploma, you would have to have a further eighteen months in the workplace as an intern (for Business Studies) or twenty-four months for the Engineering Diploma. 3. You will have real-life practical experience in the workplace and exposure to hosting companies: A crucial reason why you should think about doing your training at EEC TVET College is that we believe that students “learn best by doing”. Whether it is in simulation rooms or in the electrical or mechanical workshops or in the real workplace, the theoretical and practical components of a TVET College curriculum have to be integrated. Students have to complete a period of Work Based Experience (WBE). This gives them actual real-life experience in the workplace and the chance to apply the knowledge they have acquired in the classroom. Those students who approach their WBE period professionally with a determination to learn as much as they can, enhance their chances of becoming employable. Qualifying students are also selected on the basis of their academic record, to participate in learnerships where they divide their time at the College between their theory classes and the practical components in the workplace with a company. They often have the opportunity to take their trade tests with that company and make contacts in the industry which could be helpful to them in the future. Students are encouraged to be proactive in marketing themselves and looking for placement opportunities using their own initiative. 4. Financial assistance for prospective students available:NSFAS bursaries (not loans that have to be repaid) are available to �nancially needy students who are academically capable, pass their subjects and attend all their classes and practicals. 5. EEC TVET College is an accredited TVET College for programmesranging from Engineering, Business, ICT, Hospitality and Tourism to Occupational programmes. Occupational programmes will lead to apprenticeship and eventually artisanship. 6. In choosing your career you are making one of the most important decisions of your life:There are endless opportunities and possibilities that come with enrolling at EEC TVET College.

PROGRAMMES OFFERED Requirements: Completed and passed Gr 10/NCV level 4 Duration: Semester BENONI CAMPUS

BENONI CAMPUS

Financial Management Marketing Management Management Assistant Human Resource Management

Management (Wholesale& Retail) Oﬃce administration SPRINGS CAMPUS Finance, Economics & Accounting Marketing Information Technology Toursm Hospitality

SPRINGS CAMPUS Financial Management Marketing Management Tourism Hospitality BRAKPAN CAMPUS Financial Management Marketing Management Management Assistant ICT OPEN LEARNING: SPRINGS CAMPUS ICDL Ms Digital Literacy CISCO IT Essentials COMP TIA N+

Requirements: Completed and passed Gr 9,10 or 11 Duration: 1 year per level

PRESS I ACCEPT FOR THE AGREEMENT DETAILS THEN PRESS SUBMIT APPLICATION • STUDENTSMUSTHAVEANEXISTINGEMAIL ADDRESS • SCANNEDANDCERTIFIEDDOCUMENTS (student’s ID copy, Parent’s ID copies, Proof of Residence & Student’s Results)

• MUSTCOMPLETEALLTHEBLOCKSTHATHAVE BEEN MARKED IN RED

DAVEYTON CAMPUS Electrical infrastructure construction Engineering & Related design (Mechanical)

LINK TO ONLINE APPLICATION:

KWA-THEMA CAMPUS Electrical infrastructure construction Engineering & Related design (Mechanical) Process plant operations Civil Engineering & Building construction

h ps://eecapp.eec.edu.za/pls/ prodi03/gen.gw1startup?x_ processcode=ITS_OA

DAVEYTON CAMPUS Learnership Skills Programmes & Projects

Tel:(011)7306600 Fax:(011)7369909 Whatsapp: 0765498985 info@eec.edu.za|www.eec.edu.za

2022 BURSARIES

Whatsapp: 076 549 8985

STUDENT SERV

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Career Counselling and Development

This section facilitates programmes that are aimed at assisting students understand themselves and the world of work in order to make meaningful career, educational, and life decisions.

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The main objective is to ensure students who are academically deserving apply for available bursaries (NSFAS and External Funding)

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SUPPORT VICES

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Social Support Services and Psycho-Education

The SSS unit initiates and facilitates campaigns and projects that are focused on relevant social issues (Personal safety, Trauma, Substance abuse, Unplanned pregnancy and abortion) that have a potential of affecting students negatively

Life Skills. Students are assisted to develop meaningful academic and personal skills that could help enhance their college experience.

Health and Wellness

In collaboration with Higher Health, SSS facilitates programmes that are aimed at reducing the effect of health-related issues which, if left unaddressed, may lead to delaying completion and even dropping out.

College Support Line +27 76 549 8985

Super Immunity – what? I stumbled across an interesting article on BBC here. With the immense focus on combatting Covid, we have now seen a lot of new research into how Covid ‘works’ and into different types of vaccine. Among all of this, there are pieces of older research which has gained new significance. Some of it goes back some years and may have been ‘forgotten’ over time. Such a piece is focused on ‘super immunity’. The above article forms the inspiration, but it is more than a summary. However, I do (freely) quote from time to time. Somehow, research into how Covid infects showed that people who had previously been infected and vaccinated had a far higher resilience – in some cases. And research is really all about ‘I wonder why’. In comes a piece of research from years back: white blood cells called memory B cells. These are special as they contain ‘memory’ of a previous infection and can now fight any new variant because they know how. Dr. Emil von Behring proposed this theory in the 1890s but it took up to the 1960s to prove it.

Somehow, research has gone into it and we now know that we have some 10 billion of memory B cell types. They can recognize different virus and can direct a response – because they can ‘remember’. Not only can they remember a specific virus, they can also identify variants. Now we are realising that our immune system is far more complex than we have ever imagined. The Memory B cells can circulate in our bodies for decades if not for our entire lives it seems. They are just waiting to see if the virus should come back. One additional factor is that certain virus lives in our bodies and are just waiting for our health to deteriorate a bit for it to surface. If so, the Memory B cells are waiting! It seems that this is a factor in combatting long-covid. What might also happen is that a bad case of infection can lead to a more diverse immune system response. Our body will tend to mobilise any and all defense systems. What is significant is that it seems that vaccine will do something, but not at the scale of a natural infection. This piece has come from Ebola research.

What is important here is that Memory B cells evolve. They sort of anticipate what the next variant or mutation could be and prepare themselves. What has also been discovered is that people who have been infected and being vaccinated thereafter have a far higher production of Memory B cells and a more developed defense.

to look at how a vaccine can work.

It is difficult to exactly understand why this is so, but the next step is

Can we then design a vaccine that can illicit the same response? That a vaccine can prepare our bodies for the next pandemic? A research paper from 2007 from Oregon Health and Science University compared production of antibodies generated by different vaccines and the virus itself. Conclusion was that it really depends on the virus and eventually the person. Although not a dead-end it just shows that this is complicated. We have a set of different vaccine types, but it seems that the ones

based on messenger RNA (mRNA) produce the most Memory B cells. The vaccines are the Pfizer, Moderna and Novartis. But why this is so is still to be fully understood. We now are on the path to see how memory B cells interact with the ‘classical’ immune system (T-Cells) in fighting off virus. This will be the first step. But where will it lead us? If we can better understand how our body reacts to any virus intrusion we might also be able to look at cancer. It is not limited to anything really. We know that there will be a ‘next time’ and we also know what format ‘next time’ could be. It is predicted that there will be a lot more of the Corona-type virus coming our way. Swine flu and bird flu will also be in the mix and these we know already: H1N1, H5N1 and so on. w? chick o a n s as 20 a u k o in 19 dentified y d e i ifi Did ident irus were and v

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Vaccines - when did it start? History has it that the Chinese were using vaccine against small pox hundreds of years back, but the first ‘real’ vaccine is really not old at all. This is all inspired by Wiki It all started in the UK. Here we have a country doctor in 1796 who looked at the cases of smallpox around him. Smallpox at that time was serious with a death rate of 30% and causing horrible scars. Not a pretty thing at all. But what got him going was that hardly any of the ‘milk maids’ caught smallpox. The milk maid were the women who milked the cows -by hand!. The milk maids told Jenner that they would never get smallpox because they had all had ‘cowpox’ from the cows - and it protected them – somehow. Jenner got to work. The first challenge was to somehow ‘isolate’ cowpox and then inject it into a human and see what could happen. It was very much trial-and-error at that time.

So, he scraped pus (yes!) from the blisters of a milk maid’s hand and injected it into his gardener’s 8-year old boy (James Phipps). James had some fever but nothing serious. That is all well and good, but Jenner’s contribution was proper research and proof of concept: James was injected with the ‘real deal’, the smallpox itself (pus or scabs from other patients). Jenner documented it all, also later injections or exposure to smallpox. As nothing happened, it showed that vaccine works and immunity can be acquired. Although Jenner was link between cowpox the first to document All of it got into which he submitted Society. His findings spread mass vaccination proat war with Britain at time) had awarded Jenner a medal.

not the first to spot the and small pox, he was and test the theories. proper research papers for review at the Royal globally and resulted in grams. Napoleon (who was all his troops vaccinated and His contribution is the direct cause that smallpox has been totally 100% eradicated. There will be no more smallpox cases in this world. However: the first anti-vaxxers came around as well – they claimed that they would all be turned in to cows if they accepted the vaccine!

Natural selection vs gene editing Agriculture has many facets including selection of plants and gene editing which are crucial elements within agricultural science. Especially since the elements have been linked to climate adaptability and their use of tackling the increasing global demand for food. Regardless of the close link in tackling the aforementioned challenges, these two elements are vastly different. Firstly, natural selection is defined as a process by which species of plants that are best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce, while those that are less well adapted die out. Natural selection ensures only the suitable survive to pass their genes

on to the next generation. Key word in this process is ‘environment’: the survival of the most adaptable to the environment In crop related agriculture, natural selection is used to understand how to adapt crop varieties to climate change and explore how plant populations adapt to environmental change or variation. This is an important aspect in ‘climate smart agriculture’. The crop varieties or plant population are studied over varying environmental conditions for example, varying temperature or rainfalls. Interestingly, models often termed as model systems are then introduced. These models are an introduction to a first level of insight into how plants adapt to climate naturally. The findings of the analysis result in naturally selected plant populations which are later used in plant genetic research which is closely linked to gene editing of plants. Selecting plants with desired characteristics is something we have done for thousands of years. Look at how well we cultivate roses according to what is ‘in’ this year. That is all natural selection (helped by us of course).

Gene editing of plants is a crucial element because even though natural selection is important, the process is however completely uncontrollable and largely dependent on the ‘environment’ of plant cultivation. Gene editing, therefore, provides the ‘control aspect’ in the selection and/or creation of plant varieties. In crop related agriculture, gene editing is used to create new varieties where breeders have used different methods to introduce heritable mutations into plant genomes. The key words are mRNA, DNA and RNA. To illustrate, one of the powerful gene editing tools available is the well-developed CRISPR/Cas9 system, which is basically an RNA-directed DNA endonuclease adapted from the bacterial immune system to complete gene editing. However, gene editing is controversial for several reasons. Firstly, it is widely associated with Genet-

ically Modified Organisms (GMO’s). Secondly, there is no internationally accepted regulatory framework for gene editing. Additionally, concerns over processes that might cause harm or fear are rising. It is clear that both elements are important in crop related agriculture and plants are selected in various ways to mitigate climate change and to select suitable crop varieties regardless of the arising concerns. As much as Natural selection and gene editing are different, the elements are closely linked in terms of aims and processes.

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New Exhibitions

We added two new exhibitions to our collection on the floor. The 4IR and Mirror Maze exhibitions

4IR Exhibition The 4IR exhibition currently hosts the Humanoids (two small ones and the big one called Pepper), Virtual reality Station, Augmented Reality and the interactive displays integrated with of a number of TV screens. This concept is through the touch screen located at the entrance to the center. Interactive display section has been created where visitors are encouraged to use traditional touch screens to immerse themselves in games and content around Science Technology Engineering and Arts and Mathematics (STEAM).

Children are provided with the opportunity to play games to train their analytical ability, improve their ability to solve puzzles and chal-

lenges. They are also challenged to explore more traditional content style, such as exploration of subjects including how Artificial Intelligence works, Machine Learning, how data transfers over networks etc. Science Exploration While traditional science teaching has complex challenges around logistics, safety and costs. VR has none of these limitations. Experiments are done as often as needed with no physical costs of materials or safety concerns. Students can learn about physics and chemistry, life science etc. in a safe environment. Within VR learning occurs without any distract but with full immersion. Learning and understanding mathematics becomes easier and more fun inside of VR due to the nature of games and how they are designed. This is designed to make learning and exploration real fun especially for little ones. Wide learning opportunities exist through this exhibition, children have many prospects to learn on, e.g. google earth exploration experience. With Google Earth VR, children can travel to almost any place in the world. They can fly all over the world and explore any city, any monument and landmark anywhere in the world.The exhibition has two different types of humanoids the small one (called Sanbot Max and the Bigger one called Pepper). The Sanbot Max robot was designed to be implemented into numerous kinds of business scenarios, providing customers and staff members with intelligent and efficient services. Pepper is a semi-humanoid robot, which means that a human has to control it. It is designed with the ability to read emotions. Pepper recognizes faces and basic human emotion.

Drones and Mirror Maze Drones Pilots at the Clubhouse Did you know that the Clubhouse has three certified drone pilots? They also have 10 DJI Tell drones that they will used for their drone course. They are currently putting together content for the said course. In addition, the Clubhouse offers programmes such as Teach Fundamentals of drones, real-life applications of drones: namely surveillance using object identification and tracking to videography for commercials and other media use. This includes python programming that covers drone automation.

Mirror Maze Exhibit A mirror is an object that reflects an image. Light that bounces off a mirror will show an image of whatever is in front of it, when focused through the lens of the eye or a camera. Mirrors reverse the direction of the image in an equal yet opposite angle from which the light shines upon it. This allows the viewer to see themselves or objects behind them, or even objects that are at an angle from them but out of their field of view, such as around a corner. Natural mirrors prehistoric times, water, but people turing mirrors out rials for thousands metals, and glass. metals like silver often used due to applied as a thin cause of its natuhard surface.

have existed since such as the surface of have been manufacof a variety of mateof years, like stone, In modern mirrors, or aluminum are their high reflectivity, coating on glass berally smooth and very

A maze is a path or collection of paths, typically from an entrance to a goal. The word is used to refer both to branching tour puzzles through which the solver must find a route, and to simpler non-branching patterns that lead unambiguously through a convoluted layout to a goal. The pathways and walls in a maze are typically fixed, but puzzles in which the walls and paths can change during the game are also categorised as mazes or tour puzzles Mirror Maze The mirror maze itself is a pattern, combining several characteristics of geometric patterns: repetition, symmetry and tessellation using repeated equilateral triangles. These triangles fit together without any gaps or overlaps, creating a tessellation. Mirrored surfaces all around reflect the pattern so that it repeats and appears infinite.

The quill Writing is a part of everything we do. But the instruments we use are very different and have come a long way. We use a keyboard for typing. Be it on the phone or wherever. But sometimes we also need to take notes and then we use a pen (or a pencil, but leave that for now). Of course we have a seen a pen. Maybe even seen that grandad has a fountain pen. The one with ink in. the one we might have tried to write with and we just have ink all over. Or even better: Harry Potter! Writing with a feather – a quill! But where did it come from? Why a feather? Oh yes. This is all inspired by Wiki. Somewhere in time someone must have found out that the flight feather of a large bird is hollow and can be cut so there is a sharp tip. The ink well is really the hollow tube of the feather.

Goose feathers were preferred, but also feathers from a swan. However, any large feather from any big bird can be used: owl, crow, turkey, hawk and so on. Wiki: “Quill pens were used to write the vast majority of medieval manuscripts. Quill pens were also used to write Magna Carta and the Declaration of Independence. U.S. President Thomas Jefferson bred geese specially to supply his tremendous need for quills. Some 10-12 quills could be made from one bird. Although a feather – a quill – is rather sturdy, one problem crept in: as paper became the preferred medium, the quill had to change. Paper is made from wood and that wears out a quill rather fast (before that, vellum or parchment was used to write on). The nib of the steel pen does wear out as well and has to be replaced but it last longer. As paper became a commodity, the dip pen, made of steel, came into being. It was perfect for writing on paper and the infra-structure was in place. Infra-structure? The ink well in the school desk, the ink well at the bank counter, the ink well in any government office and so on. And that did not disappear until we got into the 1960s. Amazing!

We continue our series on writing instruments. This time we have arrived at the steel pen, either the dip pen or the fountain pen as these two developments were more or less from the same base. The quill became unpractical. It was easily worn out on paper and the number of birds having to give up their feathers became a problem as the writing population grew. In comes the industrial revolution where inventions came around at massive speed. One of the enablers was the manufacture of steel. Iron forging has been known for thousands of years, but it was the advent of steel that also brought writing instruments into it. The first dip pen was really just a continuation of the quill. A handle and a slit for attaching the nib. The nib was made of steel and had the same characteristics as the quill: groves for holding the ink and having to dip the pen in the ink well all the time. So what was new then? The fact that the

pen could be mass produced in steel by the new machining tools! It meant that writing became cheap as no more birds were needed for feathers. We go on to the 1850s where we see the bigger companies having been established and churning out pens and nibs by the millions. The crucial thing with the dip pen is the nib. The nib is steel of course. But it can vary for creating thin lines, broad lines and most importantly: different types of ink can be used. This leads into the fountain pen. And that one is still around. As it became unpractical to have a ready supply of ink at all times (in a glass bottle in the pocket!), something new happened: the fountain pen. That one is really a dip pen with an internal reservoir of ink. That solved the problem in many ways. No need for a ready supply of ink. It was just unscrew the cap and there we go. And the loose nip also went. The fountain pen has a fixed nib (commonly at least). It is steel and there is no need for replacements. However, it means that only one type of ink can be used (water-based ink) and only one type of line can be drawn. But: so what! It was not calligraphy. It was writing and there was no need for variations after all.

We have more on writing instruments. Now we look at what we all see today: the ballpoint pen. This is the universal writing instruments and is manufactured by the tons every day. Look above: the famous Parker Jotter. The pen that set the standard. Everybody recognises this one. Everybody older than 30 has had one! The ballpoint pen evolved from the fountain pen, which could still leak and was really only good for writing on paper. The early 1900s saw several attempts to somehow use a steel ball at the tip of the pen and having the ink as a paste rather than a liquid. The ball would stop any leakage and only disperse ink when it was pressed against surface. The problems were many. The quality of the ball and the seals made the ballpoint pen more a liability than anything. Fast forward to the late 1950s and early 1960s. The inherent problems were basically solved (chemistry and metallurgic!) and now we see the real boom. The companies coming onstream at that time with reliable ballpoint pens (and marketing to boot) were BIC, Parker, Paper Mate and so on. All companies we recognize today.

And the next revolution was the cheap pen. That cemented writing. But we need one more ‘pen’ to round it all off: the felt-tip pen (or the marker pen). It is really simple: a porous material that can absorb a liquid and can disperse it when pressed on a surface. What is needed: felt and an internal reservoir. Not so easy after all. The problems were the liquid and the felt which were really the only two things that constituted the pen. The first reliable felt-tip pens came out in the 1960s, marketed by Pentel from Japan. However, we need to get into the 1980s where we see the common use of markers and felt-tip pens.

imagine.

And now we see that the ‘ink’ can be many things: fluorescent, permanent, colours and anything we can

The big question is of course: will hand-writing go away? Will it be the keyboard from now on? Do we type faster on the cell (with our thumbs) than we can write otherwise? Can we imagine a future with no pens and no paper? It is all on our cell? Your guess!

We have arrived at the last piece. The typewriter and the modern day ‘writing’. The typewriter is not a new invention. The first attempts were really stages until we got to the first: Underwood No 1. This is the one that formed the basis for everything else. That one came about in 1897. 1920s and 1930s were the years of the massive typing pools. We have seen the pics of the rows of typist tapping away from hand-written notes. However, the speed of typing had an upper limit: the mechanical arm of the letter had to hit the paper and retract before the next one could engage. IBM introduced the electric typewriter with the new feature: the type ball. Speed was not an issue, but something else had happened. The ball could be replaced with another one with different fonts. Now we started to see the real revolution coming around. Variety. First of all, the typing pool went away. There were typewriters in all offices for all to use (as the price came down). Somehow, it heralded the dawn of ‘personal typing’ = personal computer.

The first ‘real’ PCs came around in the early 1990s. IBM, Intel and Microsoft got to dominate the early market and set the standard. The revolution was clear: nobody had to type your hand-written notes. MS Word was there to use. Excel made financial reporting possible for layman. Powerpoint made sure that professional presentations could be made. But it never stops: as much as the software got more exciting, the hardware has changed. The laptop is a de facto piece of our professional life, but the cellphone is taking over. It is perhaps still difficult to type on a cellphone and we need the real keyboard for this. However, our world is changing. Cloud computing and the personal assistant: fast forward a yar or two. All our data is somewhere in the cloud. My device is my cellphone. I have just one app on my cellphone: my assistant. Let it be Google assist in this example: You TALK to the assistant and the assistant ‘types’ for you, or finds the info you need, or connect Tik-Tok or … And very soon the cellphone is gone as you just talk and the cloud picks it up. Typing is dead! long live writing

What is NSFAS?

The National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) is a government entity under the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET)

What does NSFAS do? Supports access to and success in, higher education and training for students from poor and working-class families who would otherwise not be able to afford the cost of studies at a public university or Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college. • Provides financial aid to eligible students who are studying or plan to study at any of the 50 TVET colleges or the 26 public universities in South Africa • Identifies students who qualify for the bursary • Provides bursaries to students

Who qualifies for NSFAS funding? • All South African citizens • All SASSA grant recipients • Applicants whose combined household income is not more than R350 000 per annum • Persons with disabilities with a combined household income of not more than R600 000 per annum • Students who started studying at a university before 2018 and whose household income is not more than R122 000 per annum

What does the NSFAS bursary cover?

• Registration • Tuition • Book allowance • Accommodation allowance • Transport allowance • Food allowance • Personal care allowance

Does the NSFAS bursary offer any additional support for students with disabilities? Yes, NSFAS further supports funded students with disabilities through an additional allowance that covers: • Medical assessments • Assistive devices • Human support to cover for the cost of a caregiver, guide dog, scribe or tutor.

How, where and when can one apply for NSFAS? The 2021 application season will be communicated through media, social media and the NSFAS website www.nsfas.org.za. Applications are submitted online through the NSFAS website: www.nsfas.org.za

To apply for NSFAS funding students must have a registered myNSFAS account. If you plan to study in 2021 and require support from NSFAS, you may open your myNSFAS account now to keep updated with the latest funding information.

Connect with us using the following channels: National Student Financial Aid Scheme

myNSFAS

NSFAS Connect: www.nsfas.org.za and log into your myNSFAS account NSFAS Connect gives you access to quick facts and frequently asked questions. Applicants and students can also submit and track a query for further assistance.

VS OK, let us just get a few facts right: Ukraine is a piece of land that has belonged to everyone since medieval times. If we look at the ethnic makeup we can see it is one of each. So it is complicated – of course. Crimea was never a part of anything ‘Ukraine’ but was ‘given’ to the Ukraine Soviet by Kruchov in the 1960’s as a ‘thank you’ for their fighting in WWII. It has a majority of ethnic Russians. The same as Eastern Ukraine. Now what? That is why Putin annexed Crimea in 2014. The population (by and large) did not want to be Ukrainians as Russia was doing so much better. Money makes the world go around! Russia and Germany have built Nord Stream 2 – the gas pipeline from Russia, across the Baltic, directly to Germany. No overland pipeline here. One of the reasons is that Ukraine has charged excessive transit charges for the older pipeline, across Ukraine. Up to $3bn per year for – nothing

really. Poland and Belarus are not far behind. Nord stream 2 will be a mega-income earner for Russia as it will supply 75% of all Germany’s gas consumption. Ukraine has attempted to ‘blackmail’ both Russia and Germany by hinting that they can turn it all off. Putin does not like to be blackmailed, neither did Merkel. Solution: avoid all land-based pipelines. Biden does not like Nord Stream 2 as he believes it will allow Putin to blackmail Germany. So, he has slapped sanctions on firms supplying to Nord Stream. Germany last week told him to accept Nord Stream and stop nonsense. Ukraine wants to be a part of NATO. Just like the cluster of former soviet republics in Eastern Europe. Putin does not want to be surrounded by missile systems, so something must give. If we look at the map of countries having joined NATO since 1997, it does look like crowding Putin. What Putin demands is that NATO must promise that Ukraine cannot be a member of NATO and that NATO cannot expand any further East. That might be acceptable in the new climate of active war.

Let us see what ‘power play’ can be. Let us go back to the Cuban missile crisis in 1961. USSR deployed nuclear-tipped missiles in Cuba. US reacted by a blockade of Cuba and a compromise was reached: USSR would take its missiles back and the US would take its own missiles stationed in Turkey back.

missiles in Cuba.

The rumor has it that USSR was not going to have missiles in Cuba after all. Kruchov was not going to let Castro have missiles. But Kruchov really wanted to have those missiles in Turkey out of the way. So, something for something. Kruchov got what he wanted by giving up something that he didn’t need –

Is this now what is happening here? Let me have a guess at this. What is it really Putin wants? Putin wants to have Nord Stream 2 working and earning mega-bucks for Russia. That means that sanctions must go away. Germany depends on Russian gas and that Nord Stream 2 becomes fully operational. So Putin has an ally here and Germany told Biden as much

Nobody really likes Ukraine. Too greedy and having hinted at the prospect of ‘blackmailing’ Western Europe did not create friends. Charging $3bn per year for … nothing just increases the price Germany has to pay for the gas. And those are also consumers. So, Putin is massing troops on the Ukrainian border, but does anybody really believe that there can be another shooting war in Europe? If we look at the pictures, we see any normal European freeway system and any normal country. Can it happen? Maybe, but not likely. Now we have the invasion of Ukraine. And it is not going as fast as Putin could have wanted. If Russia had had a lightning fast attack, installing a new government, US and Europe might have had to accept the situation. … But that is not the case! Casualties are mounting and Ukraine is still there. This now means that sanctions are coming in to play. The latest is the ban of Russian banks from the SWIFT system. That means that Russia will hurt exactly where it was not supposed to: the pocket! There are rumours that Ukraine and Russia will start talking. US/Europe must be a part of it as well. However, it has now come too far for any ‘reasonable’ compromises. Nord Stream 2 must get online, Germany depends on it. Other areas that can satisfy Russia might be discussed, but it will all be about lifting the new sanctions. For what in return, one might ask. Money makes the world go around!

How to put a gig together First of all I want to send my condolences to The Makhado,Shai and Mkhize families. The South African entertainment industry has suffered a huge loss in just 2 months of 2022 and our prayers goes out to the families. Gig Putting a gig together might seem like something that can be done in a day. One might think it is just making a few calls and getting people together. BUT it actually takes more than that and in this article I am going to highlight some of the steps needed to host a successful event Planning It is always better to plan and make arrangements months before the date of the event. it gives you time to market and properly organize your gig. How long before? preferably 3 months before depending on the caliber of your event. A show like cotton fest takes a whole year to plan because there are big names involved Budget Before you can even consider hosting an event you need to have a budget. Money is needed in order to pay for all the logistics of the event. Where is it coming from? Find sponsors is a part of the planning.

Venue To host a successful event, you need a proper venue. This must be able to accommodate the number of people you are expecting, it must be easily accessible (Google maps) and most importantly it has to be reputable because that can make or break you as the host Sound, lightning and entertainment You have to have proper equipment and quality entertainment (also warm up bands). If it is professional and slick you tend to attract a lot of people. Your event will be spoken about even after it has passed because of the preparation and effort made so people will recognize you as the organizer and associate it with quality. Money talks: quality entertainment brings profit. Security Make sure you host at a place that is secured. Cost is an issue and if you cannot afford a security company, at least inform your nearest police station about your gig and ask them to at least come a few times to just check. But budget for a security company! Tickets Ticketing is your profit! Stay on top of it and make sure you sell tickets in advance. These are some but not all the steps you can take to host a successful event.

Lezy de Yong

Hola MaHi We just created our whatsapp group! Why not join? The group name is Hola MaHigh-School and you can chuck me a whatsapp on 076 503 1282 and you will get added pronto.

igh-School What will you receive? We will have the monthly digizine in your hands via the link to Issuu. That is a quick way of making sure you can enjoy it in your own time. ` Info and more info We promise not to burden you with too much info, but if and when something great is happening (an article perhaps?) we will push it out to you. Can I post as well? Limited for now, but please feel free to whatsapp me on my office cell: 076 503 1282. If it is relevant, we wil ensure it gets out there.

Lucas Hlongwane (Nizzy De Problem) is a young independent lyrically gifted artist with a vernacular twist. Says Lucas: Born and raised in Gauteng I grew up listening to all kinds of music but around 2014 my interest started to escalate especially in Hip Hop. I have always admired kwesta as he has a way of keeping you in touch with his story as you get lost in the beat. Nowadays it is quite evident that a lack of qualifications does not provide obstacles of entry in the music industry. Qualifications will however always help and it makes your resumé a bit more appealing. The music and lyrical content I compose is unique in the sense that I combine Hip Hop, Trap & Rap all in one while using different tribalistic verses. Current challenges that I am facing range from recognition, finances and exposure. Sheer luck does not get you ahead in this industry. When you are an artist, you are a brand

on your own and you have to promote this brand all the time and the effort and means to do so do not come cheap. I would not have made it this far if it wasn’t for the team I have behind me. The challenges that we face can be discouraging and can really drain you. However, with trust, realism and loyalty whenever we reach that point of self-doubt the circle is there to remind you of the bigger picture. They believed in me even when I did not believe in myself and for that I’m grateful. My personal attributes entail mainly confidence, creativity, patience and persistence of which I instilled in my mind. I am happy to pass out these qualities to anyone willing to listen and I do practice what I preach. The biggest highlight has been the nomination of 031 SA award for best artist of the year. It felt really good to have my work recognized and quite inspiring to keep grinding for more accolades on bigger platforms. Unfortunately, I haven’t had the privilege of working with any wellknown artist but I am open and looking forward to any features that may be presented to me. We do not publish contact info as a rule, but we have made an exception with Lucas. Contact info -: Facebook : NIZZY De problem Twitter : someone’s child Instagram : yzzin De problem Contact no : 063 386 0772 Email : lucasnizzy12@gmail.com

Lezy de Yong

It’s mov All courtesy of NuMetro I really think we are back in business - or at least back in the cinema. Just about time!

Morbius Academy Award winner Jared Leto is Michael Morbius, a biochemist who mistakenly turns himself into a vampire while trying to cure his rare blood disease, in this horror-tinged Marvel superhero blockbuster also starring Matt Smith (Doctor Who) and Jared Harris (Chernobyl). Screening: 1 April 2022

vie time! - look them up and see!

The Adam Project Ryan Reynolds leads this sci-fi adventure for older kids from the director of Free Guy about a man who travels back in time to get help from his 13-year old self. Together, they encounter their late father. Screening: 11 March 2022

March was the first month in the Roman calendar. Why? Because of the equinox. The day when the day and night are of the same length. Probably also because it heralded ‘spring’ on that side. Equinox is, however, not consistant:

By the year 2600 it will be in Aquarius”

Wiki: “The point where the Sun crosses the celestial equator northwards is called the First Point of Aries. However, due to the precession of the equinoxes, this point is no longer in the constellation Aries, but rather in Pisces.

Wiki: “The Babylonian calendar began with the first new moon after the March equinox, the day after the return of the Sumerian goddess Inanna from the underworld, in the Akitu ceremony, with parades through the Ishtar

Gate to the Eanna temple and the ritual re-enactment of the marriage to Tammuz, or Sumerian Dummuzi. The Persian calendar begins each year at the northward equinox, observationally determined at Tehran. The Indian national calendar starts the year on the day next to the vernal equinox on 22 March (21 March in leap years) with a 30-day month (31 days in leap years), then has 5 months of 31 days followed by 6 months of 30 days.” Equinox is celebrated differently: Wiki: “The Jewish Passover usually falls on the first full moon after the northern hemisphere vernal equinox, although occasionally (currently three times every 19 years) it will occur on the second full moon. The Christian Churches calculate Easter as the first Sunday after the first full moon on or after the March equinox. The official church definition for the equinox is 21 March. The Eastern Orthodox Churches use the older Julian calendar, while the western churches use the Gregorian calendar, and the western full moons currently fall four, five or 34 days before the eastern ones. The result is that the two Easters generally fall on different days Wiki: “The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 solar terms and the vernal equinox marks the middle of the spring. In Japan, Vernal Equinox Day is an official national holiday, and is spent visiting family graves and holding family reunions. Higan is a Buddhist holiday exclusively celebrated by Japanese sects during both the Spring and Autumnal Equinox.

We need writers! Hola MaHigh-School is YOUR magazine. That is why we would love to see students writing for students about student life and everything of importance to a student in any grade10-12 across the country. What is required? That is easy: You have to be in grade 10-12 somewhere Impeccable in your preferred language-and that might not be English. We try to be more than just English. Passionate about your topic of choice - no dull articles here. Do you get anything out of it? Well, not money, sorrry. BUT if we publish your articles you will have: Your bio in a commercial magazine A photo of yourself You can put it all on your CV you can use us as a reference

Is it important? YES it is. Look what Rofhiwa said: My name is Rofhiwa and I love to write. I have used my skills to express my thoughts on international dealings of the world which have been published in Hola MaHigh-School. It has paid off, not only is my work printed for young people in the country to read, but it also contributed to me gettng a bursary from CNBC-Africa to do my post-graduate studies. Would be a lot harder to get by if I didn’t have a platform like Hola MaHigh-School.

What me on

to do?

ivan@ ro name mele.co.za : Cell n u m b e E-ma r i ... and l address we wi ll talk !

Next Issue March is the first month of autumn. But it is also the end of ‘holiday mood’. Now it is back to hard work. We will be looking at ‘choices’. There are so many things to consider after highschool and we can just as well start thinking now. It is not university or nothing any more. We have choices - and a lot at that. However, it is not just all serious. Look forward to music and film and conspiracies (if I can find one) and the rest! Look forward!

Sybil

Coronavirus

Protect yourself

Wash your hands with soap for 20 seconds How long is 20 seconds? Hum the first verse of our national anthem: Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika

thebreadcrumbs.co.za

More info: www.health.gov.za

CLEAN HANDS SAFER LANDS