RL's Thesis

Adaptive Design

Architecture is different from other art forms. It is a creatress of space with typical construction characteristics, which is complementary to space. Architecture has a specific spatial location and unique context. The context has a decisive influence on architectural design. Many artfacts of fabrication are designed in laboratories based on technology. This is an experimental process rather than a practical approach. Therefore, my position is based on the extensive investigation and analysis of the site, to select a suitable design method for the site, and to apply the technology to the site, so as to ultimately benefit the site.

3D laser scanning and digital restoration of an archaeological find

Resilient Matter: The Cathedral of Syracuse as an architectural Palimpsest

Layering Legacy Reservation

Resilient

1// Content

Architectural Design for Adaptability and Disassembly

Discord between design and construction Design for Manufacture

Recycle Re-use

Fabricating ARCHITECTURE

Synchronous Optimize

1//MAKING Agendas 4//MAKING Iterations in Testing and Appraisals

1.1 MAKING ethos

1.2 MAKING process study

Design Sequence Script Material Energy performance

The new structuralism design, engineering and architectural technologies

1.3 MAKING flow 0.0 Reading output

4.1 Revolved Geometry

4.2 Form Experiments

<1> Balloon Inflation (Physical)

Customization Volume production

Seven points for the millennium: an untimely manifesto Analysis Geography Modeling Building Pathology

Scale model CAD Product

Iteration Simulation Education

Gaudi and CAD

Rationalize Info-exchange

Autonomy Social Environment Landscape Form Ergonomics Megaform

Digital Design

Best-solution

Site Net Zero

Parametricism

2//MAKING Explorations

2.1 Primer project-site visit in Monyash 2.2 Photogrammetry in Monyash

2.3 History of Monyash 2.4 Climate in Monyash 2.5 Sense in Monyash 2.6 Theoretical position 2.7 Adaptive experiment 2.8 Adapted Installation scale project option1- Canopy option2- Bonfire Pavilion

<2> Balloon Inflation (Digital) <3> Differential Growth (Ditital) <4> Amoeba (Ditigal)

4.3 Gallery

5//MAKING Project Proposals

FOREST: Design Process Plan Elevation Rendering

6//Prospect

Patent

Self assembly and 4D printing

Self-organizing Urbanism

From product to product Programming Changing form

3// Making Prototype Propositions

Reference ListTREE

Reading output/ Insitu+Experiemnts

MAKING ethos

PERCEPTION

1//MAKING Agendas

Personal theoretical position and agenda: in the context of ‘making’with reference to/ supported by built and theoretical precedent.

PRODUCTION

NatureCulture Design Representation Exploration Knowledge

Art MAKING Utility Philosophy Science Communication Invitation Behavior Engineering Information

Economy

This site visit attended by the full-year atelier members was a sign of the beginning of the work. Everyone tried to respond to the site with their own design standpoint in the site. This enlightening trip was a key starting point for the development of thesis.

Retrospect

2//MAKING Explorations

At first, the barn was more like a shed with no walls, only columns and roofs. It consisted of concrete columns and wooden trussed roofs.

Exploring methods for designing and testing spatial and material prototypes, using the pavilion and barn installation as a specific site.

In the site, we used photogrammetry to record the appearance of the barn. This technique, which is widely used in archaeology, has been tried and practiced in our site. We recorded a video around barn at various heights with drones, and then exported the video as a picture to generate a solid model.

Later, a steel roof with independent structure was added.

Although there was no direct structural connection, a continuous space was formed under the roof.

This volume model generated by photos can restore all kinds of details on the site to the greatest extent. Different from the precise industrial model, the 3d scanning model is a combination of geometry and photos, so it has more site information.

Brick partition walls divide the space under the roof, and then profiled steel sheet and the roof complete the envelope of the structure.

Because of the building life, the original concrete-wood roof has been overwhelmed, and now we can see the supplementary reinforced structure in the deformed part.

2.1 Primer project- site visit in Monyash

2.2

Photogrammetry in Monyash

This picture is obtained by superimposing the photogrammetry model with the actual measurement model. The measurement model with sharp edges and the scanning model with soft edges together constitute a picture, and the structure is represented by the sharp model, while the context of barn is provided by the scanning model. This layering provides conditions for adaptive design.

For adaptive perspective, architecture is regarded as a dynamic object, which is influenced by history. During the changes of years, some of its features have been deprived and forgotten by people. Some of them have been transformed and updated to show people with a new look, while others have been kept in their original state.

The first time tried photogrammetry with a mobile phone, the effect was not ideal, and the mobile phone could not capture the photos of the roof. When we visited the venue for the second time, our team used a drone to videotape the venue at three heights, and then sliced the video into pictures. And finally got an acceptable model.

2.3 History of monyash

In my methodology, adaption will be regarded as an important link between Making and the site, and the final making design will be a new layer of palimpsest for the site itself.

Neolithic period

3750-- 1750 BC

1 AD 1086 AD

Since the Neolithic period (3750-1750 BC) and maybe before, people have lived in and around Monyash. Arbor Low, a nearby magnifi cent stone circle and henge, was most likely constructed circa 2000 BC by villagers who also farmed the reasonably fertile soils at the top of Lathkill Dale.

Late Bronze Age and Iron Age

800 BC-- AD 43

The village was first mentioned in writing in the Domesday Book in 1086, when it was known as Maneis. Monyash is derived from he Old English words mani and eas, which mean many waterways, and has taken several forms before and after that.

7th Century

The hamlet of Monyash grew during the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age (approximately 800 BC to AD 43), and sections of woods were cleared surrounding the village. The wood was utilised to build timber roundhouses and as a source of cooking fuel. Tracks, ditches, and walls marked the boundaries of the property. Crops were grown and sheep and livestock were raised by the people.

14th Century

Monyash was part of the Pecsaetan ‘tribe' in the 7th century, which included the central and northern parts of the Peak District. The Benty Grange helmet, discovered on the outskirts of the settlement, was an uncommon find from this time period. The helmet was most likely worn by a high-ranking Pecste official. Monyash had became part of the Kingdom of Mercia by the 8th century, and eventually became part of the Danelaw - the area ruled by the Danish/Viking invaders.

17th Century

Monyash developed in the 14th century thanks to the awarding of a charter for a weekly market and lead mining. Monyash evolved into a major lead mining location during the next few hundred years, with many peasants digging for lead and labouring in a few large-scale mines. Other occupations included limestone mining and marble polishing, in addition to farming. As a result of all of this activity, Monyash was a bustling town by the mid-nineteenth century, with a population of 473, nearly double what is today, and a diverse range of trades, including blacksmiths, cobblers, butchers, wheelwrights, wool merchants, joiners, dressmakers, and shoemakers, as well as its own policeman and five pubs. At this time, the school had over 100 students enrolled.

Monyash became a meeting place for Derbyshire Quakers in the 17th century. One of their most famous and significant brothers, John Gratton, spent 34 years in Monyash. His house was converted into the Quaker Chapel. The original Methodist Chapel was established around 1840, and it was later expanded in 1888.

1981

As lead mining ceased, the local trades and shops, including the garage and post office, gradually faded away over the next 100 years. When the Integrated Rural Development scheme injected new money and offered new opportunities in the village in 1981, the village was revitalised. As a result, the village hall was rebuilt, a children's play area was established, the school was expanded, buildings were renovated, and local businesses were aided. Grants were given to keep the numerous kilometres of dry stone walls in good repair, to bring water to fields, to cultivate flower-rich fields, and to plant new wooded areas.

Farming is still the village's mainstay today, but tourism has grown in importance, with several tourist-oriented amenities such as The Bull's Head and the Smithy Café, as well as several bed and breakfast and holiday lodgings. The villagers' focus points are the Church, the Methodist Chapel, The Bull's Head, and the prospering primary school. The annual well dressings, Fere Mere, and the residual mere help to remind us of the necessity of water to life, and the reason for the village's survival.

http://www.peakdistrictinformation.com/towns/monyash.php https://monyash.info/about/history/ https://www.peakdistrictonline.co.uk/monyash/

1st attempt

Photo Model 2nd attempt

Monthly

Average Rainfall (mm Graph

Monyash)

According to the analysis results of sun hour, the natural lighting of the northeast facade is better than that of the northwest facade, and for the roof, the sloping roof in the south is the best.

The analysis of the wind results reveals the prevailing wind direction, where the southwest wind prevails in summer, autumn and winter, and the northeast wind prevails in spring.

The analysis of precipitation reveals the fact that it rains for more than 15 days every month, and with global warming, the evaporation of surface water increases, and the convection is enhanced, so UK rain is going to get heavier.

Structure sequence

https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/de/monyash-weather-averages/derbyshire/gb.aspx

https://www.tyndall.ac.uk/news/uk-rain-going-get-heavier

People's senses on the barn are also an important part of the site. Touch, taste, hearing, touch, smell... can never be absent. This comprehensive effect is dynamic, so people's experience is constantly changing.

Barn itself is a space full of different materials, and almost has most of the traditional building materials. Besides, there are many kinds of products in Barn. Barn's architectural structure is actually pavilions with different structures. During the site visit, it rained heavily in monyash, and at that time, all of us presentation under the temporary tent. The rain rushing out of gutter on the roof of steel structure reminds me of the relationship between rain and senses, among which a bell in the warehouse gave me an inspiration to strengthen rain and senses-enhancing people's hearing with the sound produced by the impact of rain water on bells.

Doorplate

TemperatureTouch Sight Sound

Rain+Bell(Strength/Transfer Sound and Sight)

Temperature(Weather)

scanning site

Concrete

2.5 Sense in Monyash

1.6 Theoretical position

Adaptive design

In the "Shearing Layers of Change" given by Stewart Brand (1995), every change about the building itself is listed. This diagram intuitively layered the different changes of the building. This provides an adaptive building Stratified research method.

Adaptable Design

1.7 Concept experiment

Adaptive attemp: a new layer of site

Becoming/Decaying

History and human society are constantly evolving, the environment in which buildings are located is also dynamic, and the experience of people on the same site is also changing.

The lack of consideration of environmental changes at the beginning of the design of the building has led to the building’s passive position in the change. Adaptive design gives the building the ability to respond and adapt to the environment. This adaptive ability includes the transformation of functions, environmental improvement and adaptation to the economy and society.

Adaptive Architecture Methods Space Economic Cultura Ecological Social Art Space Colour Pattern Material Facade Material Structure Structure Benefits

Architecture P C S

For the current social and architectural development, will use this diagram to represent the methods and benefits of adaptive architecture. With regard to methods, four related components, space, facade, material, and structure, are used to achieve the adaptability of the building. Positive results will be in economic, cultural, ecological, social and art.

This research thesis will conduct research in architecture based on adaptive design. Research methods cover space, facades, materials and structures. And explore the impact of adaptive architecture.

An elastic cloth is adaptable to an object. This drape experiment will give the relic model a new layer. The above simple attempts on the new layer of relics give the potential development direction of forms, and the following technical research will create a direction for exploration.

Aggregasive Transformative Flexible Responsive Kinetic

Redrawing“Shearing Layers of Change” Source: Stewart Brand

1.8 Adapted Installation scale project

Option1- Canopy

Project statement Bonfire Pavilion

This project will be carried out in accordance with the adaptive design method (diagram below), and the prototype will be adaptively designed based on barn in Monyash.

From the survey of monyash, this place is on a hiking route. The rainy weather here seems to be unfriendly to hikers. Even experienced hikers will be troubled by the muddy ground on rainy days. Based on this question This project will provide an outdoor accessible shelter for hikers. It is also a comfort zone for barn workers.

The big tree is a universal natural image on the site. This prototype evolved from the big tree has become a part of the site after a series of adaptations to the site.

Here is the design process of the Volumn. Based on the barn it self. After barn volumn's dual morph, a proto type that can be used as motif is obtained. For morph process, horizontal adjustment of elevation, and vertical evolution is depth. In summa ry, this process is a perceptual simplification of geometry to make it as simple as motif.

Pototype Installationadapt adaptadapt

First of all, from the perspective of architecture, Vitruvian's three principles of strong, utiliy, and beauty must be achieved. Secondly, based on the sensory part of the previous site analysis, the senses can be manufactured. In this case, the heat generated by a pile of bonfires Will stimulate the visitor's sense of temperature.

Space Colour Pattern Material Facade Material Structure Structure

Space

Architecture P C S Material

Adaptive design process

Adaptive Architecture

Economic Cultura Ecological Social Art

Adjust to human scale

Structure Wind-proof Material

Option2- Bonfire Pavilion

1:200

ROOF PLAN

FLOOR PLAN

EAST EVEVATION PERSPECTIVE

SOUTH EVEVATION

1:100

1:100

3//Making Prototype Propositions

4//MAKING Iterations in Testing and Appraisals

A spatial prototype will be proposed and it will be iterable.

Iterative design testing of a spatial design proposition with multiple iterations.

4.1 Iteration1: Revolved Geometry

A variety of curves revolve to get different shapes of geometry. W=width, H=height.

The geometric formation of the prototype is the revolve of the curve.

Control point

In this experiment, the height and width of the prototype were used as variables to obtain a variety of geometry. This process is produced by adjusting the control points of the revolving curve.

4.2 Iteration2: Form Experiments

In this experiment, will inflate the balloon in a prototype cage and use plaster to capture this form.

This experiment is tough, the default shape of the balloon is spherical, and there is not enough pressure to inflate it with the mouth. The experiment was put on hold until the suggestion of filling water with a tap was made.

<2> balloon inflation (digital)

In the previous iteration, the shape of the balloon did not match the shape of the prototype, so that the final form was more or less affected by the shape of the balloon itself. So an idealized experiment was proposed, using a balloon that matches the shape of the prototype.

Based on the spatial foundation given by prototype, we can enrich its form with different spatial characteristics endowed by a variety of materials. This iterative process can be physical or simulated.

In this experiment, will use the kangroo in Grasshopper to inflate the balloon and the prototype limits the balloon boundary.

<3> Differential growth (digital)

0 progress

1/3 progress 2/3 progress 1 progress

Differential growth comes from the adaptation of plants to the environment. This experiment aims to study the possibility of differential growth of prototypes.

In this experiment, the final form was obtained through the algorithm. This process is also implemented in Grasshopper.

Top view Side view Section

Prototype Top view Set up balloon Side view Section Rendering Inflate Deflated Inflated Output

Amoeba is a single-celled organism that can adapt to the environment by changing its shape.This experiment will simulate the form of an amoeba.

In this experiment, the final form was obtained through the SubD modeling. and made by 3D print.

Sub D(subdivide) is a modeling technique for making high-resolution models, by manipulating a lowerresolution "cage" model and using software to subdivide for a smoother surface. Subdividing increases the number of vertices on the model, making curves more rounded.

5//MAKING Project Proposals

Developing studies and application to an architectural design project documenting the synthesis and integration of preceding experiments, design development, into application to either a specific or generic site context as appropriate to the focus of individual project.

Path Flow Iterations

Function

East Elevation 1:100

South Elevation 1:100

Possibility of further exploration of existing space prototypes 6//Prospect

Adaptive structure

Why depolyable structure? Adaptive structure in use

MAKING as a layer of site is a creative response to palimpsest, and at the same time, technology plays an important role in MAKING, which is the key condition for making to be made or not. deployable structure can endow the originally lifeless objects or systems with adaptability, which can exist in an organic way or be hidden under specific conditions. Due to the dynamic nature of deployable structure, it will be used in site adaptability experiments.

Adaptive Technology Research

Deployable structure

Scissor unit and origami will be the research contents of this chapter. Scissor unit mainly focuses on kinetic elements, while origami focuses on organic facade.

Due to its geometric, material, and mechanical features, deployable structures may alter and/or expand and contract, with applications ranging from aerospace technology to temporary, transportable, and transformable architecture. Deployable structures allow for maximum movement, expansion, and contraction while using the least amount of energy. This technique allows for the creation of building that is light, versatile, quickly constructed, reused, and makes effective use of space and materials. As a result of all of these characteristics, deployable structures may completely embrace the notion of sustainability. In a time when society changes in unforeseen ways and programmatic possibilities for architecture change at a rapid pace, the growing area of deployable structures is gaining traction as a fresh and adaptable arena for study and innovation in both theory and practise.

Perhaps this is why deployment is such a fascinating topic: inert mechanisms and objects become live and moving.

-------Rivas Adrover

Deployment of the mouth in the angler.

Deployment of the mouth in the angler. Lophius.(N.A). (From an original drawing by M. Muller)

Deployable structure Pros

Space Elevator

WeWantToLearn.net. 2021. Elastic Bending Systems. [online] Available at: <https://wewanttolearn.wordpress.com/2015/11/22/elastic-bending-systems/> [Accessed 20 October 2021].

Sl-rasch.com. 2021. Convertible Umbrella SL Rasch. [online] Available at: <https://www.sl-rasch.com/en/projects/convertible-umbrella/> [Accessed 20 October 2021].

NASA. 2021. Solar Power, Origami-Style. [online] Available at: <https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/news/origami-style-solar-power-20140814> [Accessed 20 October 2021].

The little volume they take up during storage and transit, as well as the quick and simple erection method, are their primary advantages. Even more promising is a novel idea of self-stabilizing deployable structures with stable, stress-free states in both deployed and collapsed configurations.

Space Elevator, by Esther Rivas Adrover

Umbrella

Heart stents

panel

bridge

Adaptive facade

Hoberman sphere

unit modeling-Linear mesh

angle is open angle of single unit by degree.

δradius is the difference value of long axis and short axis. δradius= 6

unit length= 25

unit length= 25 unit length= 55

study models unit length= 55

Polar unit is generated by two reference circles, the short axis is the radius of the small reference circle, and the long axis is the radius of the large reference circle. This difference in length between the long axis and the short axis leads to the difference in displacement length between the upper and lower sides, which will make the unfolding trajectory an arc.

angle= 5 angle= 5 angle= 15 angle= 15 angle= 26 angle= 26 δradius= 16

δradius= 16 δradius= 6

δradius= 16 δradius= 6

unit number=18 unit number=7 unit number= 18 unit number= 7 unit number= 18 unit number= 7

Unit modeling- Polar unit

Unit angle Long diameter Short diameter deployment angle straight barpivot (Scssior hinge)

Unit modeling- Polar unit

unit modeling-angulated unit

diameter straight barpivot (Scssior hinge)

scale is the ratio of the outermost vertex to the extreme position.

Typology Research// Origami

Unit angle

Every straight bar in the angulated unit shares a rotation center. every hinge is at both ends of the bar, and it must form a closed ring before it can be folded.

scale= 0.72 scale=1.00

Origami Origami Typology

Base info:

The words ori ('folding') and kami ('paper') are derived from Japanese. Origami is a Japanese art technique in which a flat piece of paper is folded into a sculpture or shape. A series of folds transforms a two-dimensional item into a threedimensional one. The paper thing is transformed into a new creature with astonishing strength and kinetic capabilities by these folds. One of the conceptual design concepts from which deployables might be produced is origami and paper pleating. Paper maquettes are used to explore concepts, albeit they aren't necessarily worked up into fully resolved structures.

Moutain fold

Crease

Vally fold

On the crease pattern of this file. The red line represents mountains, the blue line represents valleys, and the dotted line represents crease.

Nowadays, applications of deployable origami and paper fold concepts range from aerospace applications to maps, textiles, kinetic art and sculpture.

Miura crease pattern

Youshimura crease pattern

Waterboom crease pattern Waterboom crease pattern

Adrover, E.R. (2015). Deployable structures London: Laurence King Publishing. Block, I., 2021. Satoshi Kondo dresses models in conjoined knitwear for Issey Miyake. [online] Dezeen. Available at: <https://www.dezeen.com/2020/03/05/satoshi-kondo-issey-miyake-autumn-winter-2020-fashion/> [Accessed 27 October 2021].

Origami Simulation

Simulation is an important means to study origami. Especially for desi gn, simulation can get a visible and expected result, and the simulation results can be used to evaluate the structure and materials.

The origami process is simulated by kangroo's mechanical arithmetic unit, and different typology can be simulated by changing the preset basic elements (Montain line and Vally line).

Free origami by Tomohiro Taichi

Initial Exploration (Figure1) Precedents/ Scissors unit

project: the dynamic walk year: 2013 designer: Khoa Vu Modular System

There are five types of module that based on geometrical relationship, operate differently but create the animating effect as a whole. Each module is cut by CNC machine with 1” thickness plywood sheet. The spring on upper part is designed to allow the system move back to original condition. Two horizontal members hold important roles on the movement concept. One stays static to be structural foundation and one transfers force into upper parts. transfers force into upper parts.

Kinetic Structure & Relative Movement / Two forces are applied to operate the entire system. The project begins with the interest on kinetic structure in the aspect of geometrical relationship of part and whole and relational movement of members. The further exploration centers on the idea of how to engage human body with the operation of a kinetic structure without any use of automation device.

Automation (Figure2)

The project begins with an interest in kinetic structure in terms of geometrical relationships between parts and wholes, as well as member related movement. Further research focuses on how to involve the human body in the operation of a kinetic structure without the use of an automation technology.

Precedents/ Origami pavilion

project: Concéntrico 03

year: 2017

designer: Manuel Bouzas Cavada

Manuel Bouzas Barcala

Clara Álvarez Garcí

A paper sheet alone does not sustain itself, but when formed in a series of precisely folded sheets, they are capable of sustaining not only themselves but also much greater forces. With the same logic, a wooden panel does not sustain itself but when formed as a series of precisely folded wooded panels, it has the capacity to sustain not only itself but to support much more. An example of this is the information pavilion at Concéntrico 03.

No supporting structure or auxiliary structure was used, only 39 plywood panels were used as raw materials. The construction process of the pavilion is also quite simple; the panels are connected by hinges that can rotate.

When all the panels are connected, let them fall freely. Under gravity, they are like a folded paper.

In studio1, the form based on the space prototype was fully explored. The small-scale installation FOREST showed the adaptability of different iterative forms. This is covering the part from art to science. In the follow-up studio2 will

turn to In the part of science and technology, an adaptive device that can be applied to architecture has been developed.

Adrover, E.R. (2015). Deployable structures . London: Laurence King Publishing.

Block, I., 2021. Satoshi Kondo dresses models in conjoined knitwear for Issey Miyake [online] Dezeen. Available at: <https://www.dezeen.com/2020/03/05/satoshi-kondo-issey-miyake-autumn-winter2020-fashion/> [Accessed 27 October 2021].

Climate data. https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/de/monyash-weather-averages/derbyshire/gb.aspx

Climate data. https://www.tyndall.ac.uk/news/uk-rain-going-get-heavier

Concéntrico. 2021. Origami. [online] Available at: <https://concentrico.es/en/origami/> [Accessed 23 November 2021].

Deployment of the mouth in the angler Lophius.(N.A). (From an original drawing by M. Muller)

Tomohiro Taichi. Free origami by Tomohiro Taichi Maden, F., Korkmaz, K. and Akgun, Y., 2021. [online] Core.ac.uk. Available at: <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/324140074.pdf> [Accessed 24 October 2021].

Monyash. http://www.peakdistrictinformation.com/towns/monyash.php

Monyash. https://monyash.info/about/history/

Monyash. https://www.peakdistrictonline.co.uk/monyash/

Oswalt, P. (2015). Flying plaza. Work Journal The artist practice of Studio Tomás Saraceno. Leipzig: Spector Books.

WeWantToLearn.net. 2021. Elastic Bending Systems. [online] Available at: <https://wewanttolearn.wordpress.com/2015/11/22/elastic-bending-systems/> [Accessed 20 October 2021].

Sl-rasch.com. 2021. Convertible Umbrella - SL Rasch. [online] Available at: <https://www.sl-rasch.com/en/projects/convertible-umbrella/> [Accessed 20 October 2021].

NASA. 2021. Solar Power, Origami-Style. [online] Available at: <https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/news/origami-style-solar-power-20140814> [Accessed 20 October 2021].

Atelier MAKING

Urban Rewilding

Year 06

Studio2

Urban Rewilding

Year 06

1//MAKING Agendas- Urban rewilding 4//MAKING Iterations in Testing and Appraisals

2//MAKING Explorations

3// Making Prototype Propositions-Biodiverse 0.0 S1 Overview

1.1 Background-Deforestation 1.2 Question-Brownfield 1.3 Brownfield in UK 1.4 Two treatment to Brownfield 1.5 Interchangeable Field 1.6 Proposition--Urban rewilding 2.1 River Medlock 2.2 River Medlock Mapping 2.3 Human and Nature 2.4 Biodiversity current situation 2.5 Biodiversity Masterplan 3.1 Design Intention 3.2 Habitat analysis- tree 3.3 Prototype1- Planting 3.4 Prototype2- Living 3.5 Prototype3- Habitating 3.6 Making Site context Site Plan Elevation Section Rendering Reference List 4.1 Typology 4.2 Circulation 4.3 Gallery 4.4 Joints

5//MAKING Project Proposals

6//Prospect

Geometrical experiments

studio1 conducted various tests on the treeshaped space prototype and obtained a series of space results. Finally, a proposal was obtained based on the experimental results. These physical and digital space experiments enriched the form of the prototype and proved to a certain extent The feasibility of the prototype is confirmed. In studio2, a feasible upgraded version of the prototype will be proposed for forest degradation. In studio2, starting from the brownfield problem, with the purpose of carbon sequestration and carbon reduction, using production methods to obtain an environment Friendly spatial prototype and develop it into a product of a specific spatial scale.

Geometrical experiments

Bundle

1//MAKING agenda

In studio2, will try to achieve urban rewilding through making. Based on a brownfield outside Manchester that was once a landfill, a variety of prototypes for urban rewilding will be proposed and evaluated. The prototypes arranged on the site, Finally reached a project of rewilding the city.

1.1 Background-Deforestation TREE COVER LOSS IN UNITED KINGDOM (Kha per year)

Tree cover loss

As of 2010, 14% of United Kingdom was natural forest cover.

1.2 Research question-Brownfield? (Atelier focus)

In 2010, United Kingdom had 3.53Mha of natural forest, extending over 20% of its land area. In 2020, it lost 4.15kha of natural forest.

What is brownfield? The advantages of constructing on brownfield land. The limitations of constructing on brownfield land.

two prestigious organisations are warning that England may have tipped into deforestation, with more trees being cut down than planted for the first time in possibly 40 years.

From 2001 to 2020, United Kingdom lost 481kha of tree cover, equivalent to a 13% decrease in tree cover since 2000.

A brownfield site refers to previously developed land, which is or was occupied by a permanent structure.

1. Complete infrastructure.

1. 1. The decontamination of brownfields is expensive, especially toxic brownfields.

2. It can improve the economic benefits of existing communities.

2. May endanger existing animals.

3. Reduce land reclamation in Greenfield.

4. Removes existing and potential sources of land, water, and air pollution.

3.Brownfield sites usually consist of derelict and/ or unused buildings that are found, for the most part, in unattractive, economically depressed areas of our towns and cities.

A brownfield site, earmarked for 127 new homes, in the Wirral

Felled woodland in the North Yorkshire Dales national park. Photograph: Mar Photographics/Alamy

in

the regional distribution of brownfield housing capacity throughout England.

There has been an overall upward trend in the number of brownfield sites in England over the past few years, and brownfield sites are mostly located in urban centres with huge potential.

2.4 Two treatment for brownfield Renewal is a feasible treatment in urban areas. Because of infrastructure and intolerance to poisons. Suburbs may be more suitable for rewilding, returning land that was originally natural.

BROWNFIELD

London: 355,644

North west: 167,461

South east: 159,779

Yorkshire and Humber: 108,790

East: 107,994

West midlands: 99,600

South west: 68,081

East midlands: 61,829

Existing brownfield sites are primarily former industrial areas. Widespread throughout England. 2018 2019 2020 2021

North east: 33,791

10000 5000 0 15000 20000 25000 30000 1052k 1077k 1061k 1162k 26256 2468426002 28349 2075018277 17656 21566 980k 1020k 1050k 1080k 1120k 1150k 1180k

Number of housing units Hectares

Number of site

Rewild Renewal

Dominate by humanDominate by nature

Sustainable Landscape improve Net-zero

Biodiversity

Promote community Detoxicate Economic benefits Sustainable

3 Operation

1.6 Proposition--Urban rewilding

Greenfield Rewild Develop Abandon Renewal Brownfield In use-land

Net-zero

Rewild (Greenfield)

The introduction of human activities is a prerequisite for the formation of brownfields. The traces of human activities on the site will become part of the brownfield. Once humans leave the site, the brownfield will be taken over by nature and gradually and spontaneously restore to greenfield. That said, brownfield, greenfield and in use-land are interchangeable.

Quit of human Wildlife

Rewild Limited Area

Let nature lead

Net-Zero Health Sustainable Non-toxic

Close to city center Tourism

Mimic natural processes

Biodiversity

Scarcity Attractive High costs Long-run

Reflection

Complete rewilding and renewal have decisive limitations on the site. Considering that the site is in the downtown area, urban rewild should be used here. Compared with the dehumanization of traditional rewilding, the core users of urban rewilding are still citizens. In these locations, applying 'proper' rewilding methods in which we return lost species or their analogues or allow nature to control outcomes is not always feasible. Invasive species will encroach from surrounding areas and free-roaming, large animals just aren't viable.

Passive design Accessiblity Pre-fabricate Community Convenient Safety Attractive location

Urban Rewilding

Short-run Noise Emissions Investment Renewal Exposure through

Economic Performance

Urban habitat providing Immune protective microbial Biodiversity restoration

2//MAKING Explorations

Site selection and analysis, this part will analyze the biodiversity of river medlock, which will be used as the evidence of prototype design.

Water system

The Medlock was one of three important rivers passing through the centre of Manchester, the largest being the River Irwell (which was joined in the city centre by the River Irk and the Medlock. There were several minor rivers or streams, including the River Tib and Shooter's Brook. More waterways were added in the 18th and 19th centuries, principally the Bridgewater Canal, Ashton Canal, and the Rochdale Canal.

Industrial revolution

These waterways supported a vast number and variety of factories. Early maps show isolated mills, dye works, etc., by the rivers, which used water to power the machinery. Steam engines took over, and they needed water for feeding the boilers and condensing the steam. Other factories needed water for various production processes involving bleaching, dyeing, chemical manufacture etc.

Why River Medlock

The River Medlock is a river in Greater Manchester, England, which rises near Oldham and flows south and west for 10 miles (16 kilometres) to join the River Irwell in Manchester city centre.

The area just south of Oxford Road railway station enclosed by the railway line and the loop in the river was known as Little Ireland, and was described by Friedrich Engels as "the most horrible spot" of the area.

Since River medlock has produced a large amount of industrial heritage in the industrial revolution, the brownfields around the river banks are widely distributed and are highly toxic. The characteristics of being located around the city center make environmental improvement here urgent. In a recent Manchester Evening News, mentioned lower medlock, known as "hidden oasis". Due to the abandonment of brownfields, many wild animals live here, greatly improving biodiversity and human settlements. So I will start my investigation with River medlock, after designing And argumentation, and finally put forward the design project to realize the urban rewilding.

2.1 River Medlock

2.2 River Medlock Mapping

Residential Commercial Industry Brownfield Waterway

Residential

2.3 Human and Nature_ River Medlock, Manchester

Degree of human industrial activity.

The river begins upstream at Strinesdale Reservoir to the north east of Oldham, flowing through East Manchester to join the Irwell/Manchester Ship Canal at Castlefield.

The Industrial Revolution exacted a heavy toll on the river, with factories and waste tips lining its banks. Recent restoration of the river and its landscape has seen an improvement in water quality and the return of fish and other wildlife.

Lower Medlock

valley is highlighted as playing an important part of the council's strategy to 'enhance the city's green and blue assets'.

Medlock Vally there is still evidence of its industrial heritage. Steep slopes and plateaux created by the landfill and alterations to the river Medlock can be seen.

Medlock Vally

Philips Park

Philips Park Cemetery

Holt Town Clayton vale Sportcity Manchester Lower Medlock

Biodiversity Unit (scale of biodiversity) Historic landfill sites Local Nature ReservesPriority habitats

Current

situation

Medlock vally

Clayton Vale Local Nature Reserve is a beautiful piece of reclaimed urban countryside. Originally a peaceful river valley, the Vale was radically altered throughout the industrial era. There were many works on the site, as well as a smallpox hospital and a bar. The property was used as a dump from the early 1900s until it was renovated in the 1980s. The landscape is made up of informal meadows and forested hills. There is, nonetheless, evidence of its industrial past. The landfill's steep slopes and plateaux, as well as changes to the Medlock River, may be seen. Over the brick bridge, an Iron Age salt route connects Vale Street to Culcheth Lane.

Lower Medlock

An area running from Ashton New Road, through Purslow Close, Palmerston Street, Aden Close to Limekiln Lane near Pin Mill Brow. It has many types of trees including willow and crab apples. The river bends and winds in this fantastic natural green space before heading out towards Mancunian Way.

It is a hidden oasis near the downtown area, which can be used as a central area to spread outwards in the wild city.

City area

Located in the city center, about half of the river course is underground, which used to be the discharge place of industrial waste water, and now has no transportation function and landscape in the city.

Here provides a good habitat for wildlife in the city, and a variety of wildlife that has disappeared from the city reappears here, especially amphibians, which are regarded as an important basis for measuring biodiversity. This can be used as an urban rewilding Site. Subsequent designs will further enhance the biodiversity of the site through MAKING.

3.1 Design Intention

Habitat

Plant

Habitat can make it easier for animals to survive and settle, and a stable habitat can allow wild animals to stay and reproduce for a long time. By providing habitats for wild animals, biodiversity can be enriched.

Making sketch

For the making to support the urban rewilding, the living space function of the habitat will be provided, and the attachment and growth of plants is also essential. The urban rewilding can be realized through a wide range of making arrangements.

3//Prototype

Plants themselves can be used as habitats for some animals. Plants can stabilize the ecology of a place, fix soil and prevent soil erosion. Photosynthesis of plants is an important means of carbon sequestration, which is very important for net-zero.

Design prototypes based on site biodiversity information and providing habitat for rewilding.

Making

Urban rewilding requires a wide range of practice, and net-zero needs to happen anywhere. Therefore, the technology to achieve urban rewilding should not be too advanced. It needs to use raw materials and simple processes that are as easily available as possible.

3.2 Habitat analysis-tree

3.3 Prototype1 -Planting

The main benefits of trees are reflected in both the natural environment and social benefits. For the natural environment, trees are part of nature, and photosynthesis can sequester carbon, which is a decisive contribution to the net-zero goal. In terms of human settlement, the tree contributes to the community of a site, and the shade of a tree is a site.

The main benefits of trees are reflected in both the natural environment and social benefits. For the natural environment, trees are part of nature, and photosynthesis can sequester carbon, which is a decisive contribution to the net-zero goal. In terms of human settlement, the tree contributes to the community of a site, and the shade of a tree is a site.

Crown Effect: Carbon fixation (by photosynthesis) Shade Noise barrier

Root Effect: Bind soil

Trunk Effect: Habitat Support

Branch Effect: Habitat Support

Improve water quality, and reduce flooding and erosion.

Temper climate.

Environment benefits

Conserve energy. improve health.

Economy profit. Reduce crime. improve air quality.

Habitat for plants and animals. Noise screen.

Social benefits

Geometry Structure Habitat Shade Support Carbon fixation Water collect

This prototype has function and form, and has a positive impact on the environment and society, and the details and manufacturing methods will be demonstrated next.

promote community.

The users of urban wildland are human beings, and it is necessary to provide a certain space for human activities in the wildland area. This prototype provides the possibility of combining prototypes with straight lines, and can also provide habitats for animals and plants in the part close to the ground. The area close to the sky will be a paradise for birds.

Prototype 3- Habitating

Geometry Structure Habitat Shade

Support Carbon fixation Water collect

This prototype provides people with space for activities, and the overhead design of the ground floor provides space for the restoration of biodiversity, while allowing plants to grow attached. Provide habitat for animals and insects.

Hibernaculum provides a habitat for some animals, and more wild animals increase the level of local biodiversity. Moreover, the raw materials required for Hibernaculum are easy to obtain, and the construction waste and dead wood already exist in some brownfields. This opens up the possibility of using local material. This prototype is mainly aimed at animals that need to hibernate on land.

Support structure (bending wood)

Habitat(Iron wire&

Wood branch

Sand& stones

Dead wood

Frosline Ground Concrete. blocks Concrete. slabs& Gravel

Material Technoloy Assemble

Wood is an accessible material with high durability, strong earthquake resistance, flexible design, and environmental protection. For rewilding, wood can directly serve as habitat for some wild animals. In the long run, wood It can be corroded, and it will eventually disappear under the action of corrosion for a long time. This means that the wooden structure is not easy to cause brownfield after abandonment.

Steam, lamination and cutting are the three main methods of bending wood. Steam bending requires a steam box. The size of the steam box defines the size of the bent wood, which is full of unknowns for projects of different scales. Cutting requires high raw materials. the log is required to be large enough. In comparison, lamination is a feasible means, For architecture and larger pieces of wood, using Glued Laminated Wood is the most common method.

The transportation of wood is low-cost and safe, and the wood structure can be prefabricated as parts or as a whole. For urban wildland, low-intensity site construction can reduce the impact on the site as much as possible, and can effectively reduce carbon emissions.

4//MAKING Iterations in Testing and Appraisals

In this part, a series of typology attempts and tests will be performed on the prototype.

Typology

Circulation

A powerful lift is required to transport people onto the platform. Three different prefabricated platforms are proposed, corresponding to different handling requirements. The Full-lifted prototype can work alone. The partial lifted prototype and None lifted prototype require joints to work on other types of prototypes.

Partial lifted Full lifted None lifted

Platforms of the same height are interconnected to provide lateral access to the various prototypes, and people on the ground need to board the platforms from the full-lifted prototypes. The circular platform provides more combination possibilities, and the repetitive structure also Means more suitable for mass production.

Vertical Horizontal

None lifted

Full lifted

None lifted

Partical lifted

Full lifted

None lifted

Partical lifted

Full lifted Full lifted

5//MAKING Project Proposals

Developing studies and application to an architectural design project documenting the synthesis and integration of preceding experiments, design development, into application to either a specific or generic site context as appropriate to the focus of individual project.

Site plan

The surrounding area of the site is the residential area of holt town on the outskirts of Manchester, mostly townhouses. The river medlock passes through the middle of the site and divides the site into two parts, north and south. The north side is more wild, with more vegetation and animals. The south side is still hardened ground, so the project is located on the south side of the river. While helping to restore the ecology in the south, it will also have a positive impact on the biodiversity in the north as much as possible.

Biodiversity reverse area

River flow to city center

Proposed project site

River flow from Clayton Vale

Roof plan Ground floor plan

Second floor plan

1:500

Thrid floor plan

Fourth floor plan

1:500

Fifth floor plan

6//Prospect

ArchDaily. 2022. How to Bend Wood. [online] Available at: <https://www.archdaily.com/944736/how-to-bend-wood> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

CPRE. 2022. An introduction to brownfield: the land that’s ripe for recycling - CPRE. [online] Available at: <https://www.cpre.org.uk/explainer/an-introduction-to-brownfield/> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

In studio 2, the geometry proposed by studio1 was developed into an architectural prototype, aiming to achieve urban rewilding. Based on the industrial heritage of Manchester, River Medlock, a project along the river was proposed. studio2 made a humanscale space experiment on the prototype. .project has no specific function. In studio3, a complete architectural project will be developed based on the space exploration of studio2.

Daizen Joinery. 2022. Home – Daizen Joinery. [online] Available at: <https://daizen.com/> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

Globalforestwatch.org. 2022. Interactive World Forest Map & Tree Cover Change Data | GFW. [online] Available at: <https://www.globalforestwatch.org/map/?map=eyJjZW50ZXIiOnsibGF0Ijo1NC41NzMz MjM4ODYxNDM0NSwibG5nIjotNC43MDg1NjIwNDIzODkzNjV9LCJ6b29tIjo0LjY1ODU1ODUxNDY3NzI5MiwiYmVhcmluZyI6LTkuMjQ2NTc1MzQyNDY1NzU0LCJsYWJlbHMiOmZhbHNlLCJjYW5Cb3VuZ CI6ZmFsc2UsImRhdGFzZXRzIjpbeyJkYXRhc2V0IjoidHJlZS1jb3Zlci1sb3NzIiwibGF5ZXJzIjpbInRyZWUtY292ZXItbG9zcyJdLCJvcGFjaXR5IjoxLCJ2aXNpYmlsaXR5Ijp0cnVlfV19&mapPrompts=eyJvcGV uIjp0cnVlLCJzdGVwc0tleSI6InN1YnNjcmliZVRvQXJlYSJ9> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

Kennedy, K., 2022. Unlocking Complex Brownfield Sites. [online] AGS. Available at: <https://www.ags.org.uk/2018/03/unlocking-complex-brownfield-sites/> [Accessed 22 February 2022]. Robson, S., 2022. The hidden valley that could help solve the city centre's green space debate. [online] Manchester Evening News. Available at: <https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/ greater-manchester-news/hidden-valley-great-ancoats-street-19338937> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

the Guardian. 2022. England may be in deforestation state due to lack of tree planting. [online] Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/06/england-deforestation-state-lack-treeplanting> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

the Guardian. 2022. Britain's lost rivers resurrected and freed to go with the flow [online] Available at: <https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/oct/13/britain-lost-rivers> [Accessed 22 February 2022].

Urban Rewilding

Year 06 Studio3

1//MAKING Agendas- Urban rewilding

4//MAKING Iterations in Testing and Appraisals

2//MAKING Explorations

3// Making Prototype Propositions-Biodiverse 0.0 S1+S2 Overview

1.1 Urban rewilding 1.2 Benefits 1.3 Manifesto 1.4 Precedents- Singapore 1.5 Precedents- Milano- Bosco Verticale 1.6 Urban rewilding network 1.7 Design intention 2.1 Project overview 2.2 Feature definition 2.3 peoject area breakdown 2.4 Biodiversity current situation 2.5 Biodiversity Masterplan 3.1 GH modeling 3.2 Architectural elements 3.3 Architectural attribute 3.4 Gallery 3.5 Sunlight simulation 3.6 Making 5.1 Planning 5.2 Site plan 5.3 Each building 5.4 Rewilding devices 5.5 Big picture 5.6 Rendering Reference List 4.1 Rewilding device design 4.2 Joint detail 4.3 Make piece 4.4 Architectural detail

5//MAKING Project Proposals

S1+S2 Overview

studio1 performed various tests on the tree space prototype and Geometrical experiments +Spatial Test

S1 Geometrical experiments

Iteration and testing of a single tree prototype

Iteration and testing of multiple tree prototypes An architectural planning proposal based on tree prototypes

Studio2 Studio3

1//MAKING agenda

The architectural project will be the Manchester urban rewilding centre(MURC), which aims to enhance the environmental quality and biodiversity of lower medlock through a space that integrates exhibitions, experiences, teaching and excursions.

Urban rewilding

a class from lockdown

'The Year Earth Changed,' described by David Attenborough, looks on the exceptional changes the earth saw during lockdown and is loaded up with elevating pictures of untamed life adjusting and flourishing in startling spots without individuals. A portion of the narrative's most sensational photography portrays a sharp differentiation among creatures and the metropolitan spots they start to possess, for example, a hippo strolling into a gas station in Saint Lucia or a jaguar meandering the roads of Chile (Mossy Earth, 2018).

Why rewild our cities?

These deer in Nara, Japan co-existed with with humans before the pandemic, but thrived during lockdown even with nobody to feed them.

Despite occupying less than 2% of the Earth's land, cities will house two-thirds of the world's inhabitants. Cities also consume two-thirds of the world's energy and emit over 70% of the world's CO2 emissions.

Urban rewilding aims to restore the natural process and reintroduce nature into the city, and has a wide range of benefits, from improving health to helping solve the biodiversity and climate crisis. It aims to balance the needs of human beings and wildlife and create a better urban landscape for all(Mossy Earth, 2018 ).

There are multiple strong grounds for rewilding our cities. We shall look at three major areas here: environmental social and economic.

The rewilding of urban centres could help to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss, while improving the wellbeing of billions of city-dwellers and increasing society’s resilience to future virus outbreaks.

Singapore Bosco Verticale

Architect: Boeri Studio

Year: 2014 Location: Milano, Italy

Singapore is often regarded as one of the world's greenest cities, with a sophisticated economy and one of the world's most densely populated populations. Because of its seamless combination of urban and natural environments, it is characterised as a 'Biophilic City' and a 'City in a Garden.'

Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park, which was built on former industrial land, is an example of rewilding in Singapore, including elements of water-sensitive urban design and minimising the city's urban heat island effect. The park is centred on the Bishan River, which now flows freely as a natural stream system devoid of man-made impediments. Even though no wildlife was introduced, biodiversity grew by 30% in the first two years after these rewilding activities were initiated in the park. Additionally, visitors from the nearby cities of Bishan Yushin and Ang Mo Kio can enjoy a natural break from the hustle and bustle of city life.

The Vertical Forest is an architectural concept which replaces traditional materials on urban surfaces using the changing polychromy of leaves for its walls. The biological architect relies on a screen of vegetation, needing to create a suitable microclimate and filter sunlight, and rejecting the narrow technological and mechanical approach to environmental sustainability.

· Biological Habitats

Singapore has worked to rewild their spaces by introducing green walls and roofs (and incentivizing people to install them); installing 18 'Supertrees,' 50 metre tall artificial trees containing over 150,000 diverse plants that act like trees by filtering rainwater, generating solar power, and providing shade; and creating 150 kilometres of 'Nature Ways,' which mimic the multi-layered structure of a rainforest habitat and act as green corridors to boost biodiversity.

· Mitigation

· Anti-sprawl

· Trees

· Changing façades

· Management

· Hydration and irrigation system

Urban rewilding precedents-Singapore

Urban rewilding precedents-Bosco Verticale

Gardens by the Bay, Singapore.

Singapore's 'supertrees'

Rewilding building network Design intention

Manufacture BiodiversityAccessibility

Net Zero

Pre-Fabrication

Habitat

Economic

Materials

Sustainable

Technology Form Use

Wildness

Building EnvironmentSocity

Passive design

HVAC

MEP

Global warming

Brownfield Education 17 Global Goals Culture Deforestation

Taking different tree structures as building elements, while meeting the functional requirements, the building also serves as an urban rewilding device.

Project overview

Urban Rewilding

Brownfield regeneration Function

2//MAKING Explorations

This part will give a feasible architectural plan for the site, including the function definition on the site.

Environmental Healing

sewage purification

air purification ]

Urban contexts Biodiversity

soil sanitation ] [ existing species plant attached plants grow purification plant [ introduced species [ human habitat providing urban immune ecology system ] [ species ] [ water system [ environment

Occupant Botanical building landscape+ building ] landscape redemption ] Landscape

River Medlock

TREE devices

soil sanitation ] Detoxication

sewage purification air purification ]

power generator rain collector ] purifier ] plants pot Plants grow ] Site facilities [ photosynthesis [ absorption [ clean energy Method

Feature Definition

what the site needs?

The core requirement of the site is wilding, which means that more species habitats will be provided to improve the biodiversity of the ecological environment. Ultimately, the ecological immune system established by the biodiversity will return a more livable ecological environment.

what the site will be?

Based on the improved biodiversity and the ecological immune system being established, the biggest improvement on the site lies in habitability and environmental comfort. So will focus on highquality living issues on the site first, so the mixed-use based on nursing home Building is a feasible plan. The improvement of habitability through rewilding is an ideal environment for human activities.

Site area breakdown

Commercial Area

Living/ Nursing Home Commercial

Living/ Nursing Home Work Exhibition

Shopping Kids space Theater Apartment Temporary Temporary Temporary Permanent Permanent Permanent Temporary Permanent

Private space Private space

Sharing space Hotel Cafe Cafe Kids space Theater Apartment Hotel Shopping

Sharing space

Work Exhibition

MAKING influence

Made piece Micro Macro Making Devices Devices bundle Devices based proposal Planning

Building, Plants, Animals and Human

Starting from a make piece, the making piece provides conditions for plant growth.

The rewilding device formed by combining multiple pieces will provide potential habitat for animals while providing growth space for plants (eg. towering structures will potential nesting sites for birds).

The connection of multiple tower-shaped devices will provide a healthy environment for human beings, and the free combination method provides convenience for adapting to the site.

Combining the rewilding device with the building will make the building organic, providing a space where plants and humans coexist. The provided animal habitat will be beneficial to the biodiversity of the site.

Develop making to the urban scale site, the optimization of the site environment by plants will attract some animals to live in, animals (here are small animals, insects and birds, large predators cannot coexist with humans on the existing site) .

[Mutualism][Plants as social participants]

In the natural sciences, the photosynthesis of plants provides the basic conditions for human survival. In the social sciences, both plants and humans are social participants.

The symbiosis between humans and plants will be beneficial to the living environment.

Humans are highly sensitive to their environmental conditions. Architecture affects the emotional state of anyone interacting with it. A building can evoke a range of emotions, such as belonging, awe, fear or hope. Human-Centered design is a solution-based approach to optimize the relationship between people and buildings to attend a community's needs.

Mutualism is an obligate interaction between organisms that requires contributions from both organisms and in which both benefit. (eg. pollination and dispersal)

Designing for animals is a type of captive livestock that originated in primitive times. But nowadays the aim is to create a better environment for animals, and as a designer, if you can't make sure the design is comfortable for the animals, it's best not to create a flawed architecture when such a perfect solution cannot be achieved. Let the animals They let it develop.

[Building vs. Anmial][Human-Centered Architecturel]

[ Radius= 2*100 ] [U,V]=(10,10) [ Depth= 30 ]

3//Prototype

[ Radius= 3*100 ] [U,V]=(8,4) [ Depth= 80 ]

[ Radius= 5*100 ] [U,V]=(10,6) Depth= 150

This part will focus on architecture, trying to apply original prototypes to architectural elements.

Retrim

detailing model

Plants need soil to take root and grow. In the detailed design, the needs of plant root growth will be fully considered, in addition to the dynamic weight of plants. Considering that large-scale installations will attract birds to perch, provide some Space for birds is also necessary.

Architectural elements

The whole project consists of 5 different functional parts, each part is defined as different spatial characteristics according to the requirements. Any space will be affected by the design of rewilding.

[

[

[ Safety

[ privacy

[ community ]

[ accessibility ] [accessibility] [attractive] [walkability] [public] [display] [attractive] [place] [culture] [sports] [comfort] [Privacy] [floating] [order] [bright] [modern]

Sunlight simulation

Plant growth and photosynthesis require stable lighting, and the results of lighting simulation can be used as an important factor in the layout. Make sure that there will be no lighting blind spots.

When apply the devices into a clustered community, the system will significantly reduce the number of paved surfaces in contact with solar radiation, while also mitigating the heat island effect. It can be used in a variety of outdoor environments It can also be modified for specific microclimate conditions, and it is ideal for rainwater harvesting and mitigation.

Rewilding device design

4//MAKING Iterations in Testing and Appraisals

The feasibility of plant-based cultivation will be tested and design

The green wall system utilizes the geotropism of plants to ensure the survival and growth of plants by providing space for the roots of plants.

A joint 1:1 model of a rewilding device was fabricated for plant growing experiments. The physical environment for plant growth was provided, including water-absorbing and draining materials and structures (drainage channels), and space for plant roots.

Climate information

Hanging plants reduce the level of toxic gases in the air, create an ecological barrier, and are home to a variety of insects. Manchester's abundant rainfall and year-round absence of extreme high and low temperatures can meet the growth needs of most hanging plants. We only Need to provide a support for hanging plants.

Low

single layer membrane over insulation. Lapped with vapour control layer

layers 50mm rigid insulation

Flashing strip overhang into gutter

fascia

300mm depth(end sharinked) beech bracket

100mm* 300mm beech beam

120mm* 15mm floor joist

250mm poly insulation layer curtain wall assembly

15mm triple-glazed low-E glass

300mm* 300mm beech column

15mm thickness chipboard ceiling

screw fixed facility duct

Φ15mm steel cable for rod bracing

laminated veneer lumber mullion

50mm three-layer CLT panel decentralized ventilation air outlet

5//MAKING Project Proposals

Developing studies and application to an architectural design project documenting the synthesis and integration of preceding experiments, design development, into application to either a specific or generic site context as appropriate to the focus of individual project.

The entire project consists of 5 different functional parts, each of which is defined as a different spatial feature according to the needs.

Any space will be influenced by wild design. The concrete building project is realized by the wlding installation.

Part of the wilding installation is visible on the plane.

1. Nursing home- Living

2. Headquarter- Office

Museum- Exhibition

Mixed use- Commercial

Floating- Leisure

Floating plaza

Living ]

Biodiversity-enhanced ecological immunity is more conducive to protecting vulnerable seniors. A home based on healthy living purposes is proposed here. An attempt is made to provide a healthy and livable home for the local seniors.

Bring plants into high-rise buildings, and introduce green plants into office space. Providing a healthy and comfortable working environment for highintensity workers is conducive to improving the physical and mental health of workers.

Introducing green plants into the visitor's viewing experience, the changing green plants can become part of the exhibition. The space full of green and vitality attracts visitors to linger here.

Commercial ]

window

[ Exhibition ]

People are willing to gather in the environment full of green plants, which will increase the visitor's stay time and increase the commercial value.

A floating space will be used for entertainment and sightseeing, gaining views and privacy from the heights.

Commercial

Leisure ]

A landmark on the site, offering plenty of plants, would be an extremely animal-friendly installation.

< END>

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