August 2013 vol2

RC LONAND RI District 3132 The club organised a camp in Padali to identify malnourished children. Vitamin tablets and tonics were also distributed to improve their health.

RC DOMBIVLI WEST RI District 3140 Cycles were donated to tribal children in Kashele village near Karjat. The gifts would help the children commute between home and school and motivate them to pursue education.

RC KAMAREDDY RI District 3150 Baby chairs were distributed for the little children enrolled at the village school of P.S Gidda, Sadashiva Nagar Mandal. These colourful chairs make the children feel excited besides making their sojourn at school comfortable.

RC DHONE RI District 3160 The club distributed umbrellas in Leprosy and Blind Colony to help the people combat the rain and sun, depending upon the season.

42 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

RC ANKOLA RURAL RI District 3170 Sewing machines were distributed by the club to poor and needy women under the Matching Grant.

The club partnered with RC Napoli Sud Ovest, RI District 2100, Italy, for the project.

RC KUNDAPURA MIDTOWN RI District 3180 Five houses with basic amenities were constructed by the club to help the homeless and needy people in Avarse Village of Kundapura taluk. The club proposes to build a Rotary Nagar in the next phase with more such houses.

RC COCHIN AIRPORT RI District 3201 ROTASPORTS was conducted by the club for the special children of Sneha Sadan Special School.

Over 500 children participated in this programme which was an ideal platform for such children to express their talents and skills.

RC TIRUPUR COTTON CITY RI District 3202 The club organised a heart scanning camp for children to check for any ailments. Children with serious cardiac problems were referred to leading heart surgeons in the area.

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 43

Each year an internationally eminent person in the science world is invited to address the British scientific community at the Zuckerman Lecture, named after Lord Zuckerman, a distinguished scientist who was at the heart of British science for over 60 years. In 2003, Dr. R.A. Mashelkar, the leading architect of India’s science and technology policies was invited to deliver the Lecture at the Royal Society, London. Transcript of his acclaimed address is reproduced in these pages.

(Continued from the previous issue) Bridging the Development Divide The development gaps between the rich and the poor nations are truly striking today. The richest one percent of the world’s people received as much income as the poorest 57 percent.

In 1998, 29 OECD countries spent $520 billion on R&D — more than the combined economic output of the world’s 30 poorest countries. These countries had 91 percent of the share of the new patents issued in 1998 — meaning thereby that the remaining 81 percent of the people had only nine percent of the share. Can we ever dream of bridging this divide?

What needs to be done?

Let us just take one sector, namely Information and Communications Technology (ICT) as an example. ICT revolution can provide powerful new tools for a major socio-economic transformation of the poor people. But can they really benefit from this revolution, so huge are the asymmetries in ICT infrastructure! Whereas one in two Americans is online, only one in 250 Africans is online. More strikingly, one out of the two citizens of this world has never had the luxury of making a telephone call! Entire Africa has only 14 million telephone lines, 44 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

which are less than those in Manhattan alone. Fifteen percent of the people in the world do 90 percent of the global spending on IT. An average OECD country has 40 times more personal computers, 110 times more mobile phones and 1,600 times more internet connectivity than in Africa.

However, there is good news.

Rapid advances in technology are bringing down the costs dramatically with an attendant increase in speed and quantity. Transatlantic cable was laid in the late 1950s. The cost of one minute voice communication was then $2.44. Today it has plummeted to less

than one cent. The processing power of computer by 2010 is expected to be 10 million times more than that in 1975. The prices for providing bandwidth are crashing due to fibre-optic network technologies.

We need to take advantage of these breathtaking advances to provide economic access of new technologies to the poor. We also need to focus more on creating technologies specially suited to the poor. As an example, look at the Indian development of ‘simputer’ done

by Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore. It is a handheld internet appliance costing less than $200. It is based on the Linux open source operating system. The intellectual property rights have been transferred for free by the non-profit Simputer Trust, which is licensing the technology to manufacturers at a nominal fee. Simputer provides Internet and e-mail access in local languages with touch-screen functions and micro-banking applications. Speech recognition and text to speech software for illiterate users has been provided. This is a technological advance that can reduce the divide.

Let us look at the development at Indian Institute of Technology in

Madras. It has created a low cost internet access system that needs no modem and eliminates expensive copper lines.

The technology is based on a wireless local system, which is ideal for providing access to low income communities throughout India and beyond.

Licensed to manufacturers in India, Brazil, China and France, the technology is already in use internationally, in Fiji, Yemen, Nigeria, Tunisia, etc.

There are two lessons to be drawn here. The first is that both these above initiatives were supported by public funding and incentives. The second is that they came from two of the most elite institutions from India, namely IISc and IIT. Scientists in such institutions are often times accused of working on problems that will fetch them peer recognition from the western scientists, rather than working on problems that can make a difference to the country. These brilliant exceptions prove that with proper support and encouragement, we can do a directional change that can eventually benefit the humanity at large. After all, there is a hope to bridge the divide.

Creating Wealth through Traditional Knowledge Many developing countries are described as rich countries, where poor people leave. Their richness lies in their traditional knowledge, biodiversity, etc.

This traditional knowledge relates to such diverse domains as geology, ecology, botany, agriculture, physiology and health. There is a great potential to create wealth through such traditional knowledge. This opportunity has remained largely untapped so far.

One of the concerns of the developing world is that the process of globalisation is threatening the appropriation of elements of this collective knowledge of societies into proprietary knowledge for the commercial profit of a few. These knowledge systems need to be protected through national policies and international understanding linked to IPR, while providing its

development and proper use for the benefit of its holders. To encourage communities, it is necessary to scout, support, spawn and scale up the green grassroot innovation. Linking innovation, enterprise and investment is particularly important.

New experiments are beginning to emerge on benefit-sharing models for indigenous innovation. An experience in India is worth sharing. It relates to a medicine that is based on the active ingredient in a plant, Trichopus zeylanicus, found in the tropical forests of southwestern India and collected by the Kani tribal people. Scientists at the Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (TBGRI) in Kerala learned of the plant, which is claimed to bolster the immune system and provide additional energy, while on an expedition with the Kani in 1987. These scientists isolated and tested the ingredient and incorporated it into a compound, which they christened “Jeevani,” the giver of life. The tonic is now being manufactured by a major Ayurvedic drug company in Kerala. In 1995, an agreement was evolved to share the license fee and two percent of sales of the product as royalty, that was receivable by TBGRI, will be shared on a fifty-fifty basis with the tribe. This marks perhaps the first time that for IP held by a tribe, compensation in the form of cash benefits has gone directly to the source of the IP holders.

The grant of patents on nonoriginal innovations (particularly those linked to traditional medicines), which are based on what is already a part of the traditional knowledge of the developing world have been causing great concern to the developing world. It was CSIR from India that challenged a US patent that was granted for the wound healing properties of turmeric.

In a landmark judgment, the US Patent Office revoked this patent in 1997, after ascertaining that there was no novelty; the findings by innovators having been known in India for centuries.

(Continued…)

The 2012–13 recipients of the RI Service Above Self Award, Rotary International’s highest honour for individual Rotarians, have been announced. This award recognises Rotarians who have demonstrated exemplary humanitarian service, especially those who have helped others through personal volunteer work and active involvement in Rotary.

2980

Joseph Kumar

3000

Thirunavukkarasu Valliappan

3010

Mukesh Arneja

3020

Sam Movva

3030

Ravi Wankhede

3060

Nilax Mufti

3070

Kuldip Kalra

3090

Chandresh Jain

3100

Sudhir Gupta

3120

Venkateshwar Singh

3140

Ulhas Kolhatkar

3170

Bazil D’souza

3180

Jnana Shetty

3190

Gurmeet Randhawa

3202

Mundangat Prakash

3211

Raghavanpillai Reghunath

3212

Ponnan Kamalan Saravanan

3220

Vijayaratnam Vijayakumaran

3250

Surinder Singh Sahni

3260

Shashi Varvandkar

3280

Rafiq Siddique

3291

Raj Somani

3292

Ambica Shrestha Source: The Rotarian

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 45

HONOURING ALUMNI

Ophthalmologist receives top Foundation award

Rotary Clubs and Rotarians in South Asia Country

No. of Clubs

Rotarians

3,236

1,24,760

Pakistan

157

3,144

Bangladesh

197

5,682

Sri Lanka

61

1,691

Nepal

86

2,761

Afghanistan

3

46

Bhutan

1

27

Maldives

1

32

India

Total As on July 1, 2013

3,742

1,38,143 Source: RI South Asia Office

Dr. Harminder Singh Dua, an ophthalmologist in Nottingham, England, has been chosen by The Rotary Foundation Trustees to receive the 2012-13 Rotary Foundation Global Alumni Service to Humanity Award.

Sponsored by the Rotary Club of Nagpur South in Maharashtra, India (District 3030), Dua travelled as a member of a Group Study Exchange (GSE) team to Pennsylvania, USA (District 7300), in 1981.

He received the award on 25 June at the 2013 RI Convention in Lisbon, Portugal.

Dua, who is chair and professor of ophthalmology at the University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, has treated patients in India, the United Kingdom and United States and has shared his skills with students and colleagues around the world. He is renowned as an authority on corneal disorders and performs advanced surgeries.

While living in India, Dua conducted numerous free diagnostic eye clinics through Rotary and other nongovernmental organisations, performing thousands of operations at no charge on poor patients who had cataracts and glaucoma.

“The huge difference [that the] operations made to them and to the lives of children who had to spend time away from school to guide the people around was plain to see,” Dua says. “There was no escaping the enormity of their need and our [medical team’s] ability to fulfill some part of it.”

Dua says he is thankful for the opportunity the Foundation provided him through GSE, and for the positive impact it has had on his career.

“If I were to point to the one lifechanging event, the turning point that brought me to where I am today, it was [my] selection as a GSE team member,” he says. “This was my first visit outside India, my window to the rest of the world.”

Reproduced from The Rotarian

INTERACT POSTER SHOP ROTARY BAG PEACE IS POSSIBLE DVD NEW MEMBER INFORMATION KIT END POLIO NOW PINS YOUTH EXCHANGE HANDBOOK INTERACT HOP ROTARY BAG ROTARIAN VIDEO MAG DVD NEW MEMBER INFORMATION KIT END shop.rotary.org POLIO NOW PINS YOUTH EXCHANGE HANDBOOK INTERACT POSTER SHOP RO TARY BAG PEACE IS POSSIBLE DVD NEW MEMBER INFORMATION KIT END POLIO 46 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

Matthews begins term as first woman Vice President

By Arnold R. Grahl

A

s Rotary clubs continue to promote diversity in their membership, Rotary is marking a milestone.

Anne L. Matthews, a Rotarian from South Carolina, USA, began her term on 1 July as the first female Vice President of Rotary International.

“Women have contributed significantly to Rotary initiatives, and will continue to do so,” says Matthews, who is also the first woman to serve as both a Rotary Foundation Trustee and an RI Director. “No doubt, the unfortunate and sometimes misleading image of ‘an old boys’ club’ will be buried for good.”

“Whether the job is done by a male or female is immaterial,” she adds. “What is important is that the individual who serves is effective in that role. With that said, I am extremely proud to be the first woman Vice President and am thankful for the California pioneers who pursued membership of women in Rotary.”

A member of the Rotary Club of Columbia East, Matthews has served Rotary in numerous capacities. In addition to her service as Trustee and Director, she has been a Regional Rotary Foundation Coordinator, RI President’s representative, lead seminar trainer for the International Assembly, Future Vision Committee

RI Vice President Anne L. Matthews.

member, RI training leader, and District Governor.

She is a recipient of Rotary’s Service Above Self Award and The Rotary Foundation Citation for Meritorious Service and Distinguished Service Award. Matthews is a Rotary Foundation Benefactor, Bequest Society member, Major Donor, and Paul Harris Society member.

She has a long and distinguished career outside Rotary as well. President of Matthews and Associates, an educational consulting firm, she has degrees in business, economics and educational administration, including a doctorate from the University of South Carolina.

She has served as a Trustee of Coker College, on the Advisory Education Board of the National Federation of Independent Business, as President of the National Business Education Association, and as a member of the Southern Regional Education Board of Directors for High Schools That Work.

She has also served on the board of the Center for Occupational Research and Development in Texas and the Commission on Occupational Education, a national accreditation agency, among others. She is a member of Leadership South Carolina.

Matthews says she began attending Rotary club meetings in 1989, on the recommendation of her minister. It wasn’t long before she became actively involved in her club. Her most satisfying moments, of which she says there have been many, include immunising children against polio in India, digging wells in the Amazon jungle and preparing food for the hungry.

“I feel especially peaceful when simply sharing stories and facts with Rotarians about the good Rotary is doing in pockets all over the world,” Matthews says. “Seeing and hearing their reactions is particularly satisfying.”

Source: www.rotary.org

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 47

Nan McCreadie to serve as first woman President of RIBI

I

By Arnold R. Grahl

n yet another sign of Rotary’s growing diversity, Rotary International in Great Britain and Ireland (RIBI), an organisation formed in the 1910s, is poised to inaugurate its first woman President.

Nan McCreadie, a member since 1997 of the Rotary Club of Feltham, Greater London, England, will be inaugurated on 6 July at an event in Twickenham Stoop Stadium. McCreadie has served as Vice President of RIBI, Chair of its Constitution Committee, President’s Representative, and District Governor. She is a Bequest Society member.

“I am tremendously honoured to be appointed RIBI’s first female President, which I firmly believe is a reflection of how Rotary is moving with the times,” she says. “We are currently undergoing a new stage in our development with more and more women and younger people wanting to join Rotary and help their local communities. So it is a really exciting time for me to be taking over and I am very much looking forward to my year in office.”

McCreadie joined Rotary after receiving a letter during a membership drive and then attending a few meetings. “I term myself a mail-order bride,” she quips.

Her most satisfying moments include helping mentally and physically challenged children during RIBI’s annual Kids Out event. “We took a group of children to a local theme park,” she recalls. “The little boy who travelled in my car was so pleased at what Rotary — and 48 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013 2013

RIBI President Nan McCreadie.

I — were doing for him. I felt terribly pleased.”

She also has enjoyed serving as a Sergeant-at-Arms during RI conventions and as a training leader at the International Assembly, an annual training event for incoming leaders. Coincidentally, McCreadie’s instructor when she was learning to be a training leader was Anne L. Matthews, who just became Rotary International’s first female Vice President.

McCreadie believes the organisation is making great strides in terms of diversity, and needs to continue doing so.

“We need to be more flexible,” she says. “We also need to interest non-Rotarians in some of our service projects, which might lead to them becoming interested in joining. Visibility is important, as well as working with other local, national and international organisations.”

Source: www.rotary.org

Tel.: 011 42250101 Fax: 011 42250191

GRAMMAR GURU H

ere are some interesting complaints sent by senior citizens to the authorities concerned: I’m writing on behalf of my sink, which is coming away from the wall.

I request permission to remove my drawers in the kitchen.

Not a day passes without our complaining about something or the other. If we want our complaints to be effective, we need to use tact; the right language should get us the best results. Longman Essential Activator discusses the language to be used in three major contexts of complaint: complaining to someone you know well; writing a letter of complaint; complaining in a shop, restaurant, hotel etc.

Writing letters of complaint Read the story of the response to a letter of complaint: A man opened his cornflakes and found an insect. He wrote to the manufacturer who replied that his letter had caused a great deal of concern at Head Office. To find an insect in their product, they thought, was impossible.

They would close the factory and fumigate it. They expressed their gratitude to the man for bringing such a serious matter to their attention. The man was delighted especially as the manufacturer had sent him vouchers so he could get replacement packs. However, his delight was cut short when he read the ‘Post It’ note attached to the letter. It was from the Vice President of Consumer Affairs and read: “Send this creep the usual insect letter.”

Complaining at a shop, restaurant, etc.

Here you should first try to explain what went wrong. If

there is no effect, you could say, “I’m not satisfied with…,” “I’d like to make a complaint about….” etc.

Do you think the following complaints were tactful?

Disgusted diner : “What do you call this stuff, coffee or tea?”

Waiter : “What do you mean sir?”

Diner : “It tastes like paraffin!”

Waiter : “Then it must be coffee. Our tea tastes like turpentine.”

Only a week after Christmas, an irate mum stormed into the toy shop. “I’m bringing back this unbreakable toy,” she said to the man behind the counter.

“Surely your son hasn’t broken it already?” he asked.

“No. He has broken all his other toys with it!”

Complaining to someone you know well In this context these structures are useful:        

I’m sick of you (doing something) I have had enough of you (doing something) You are always (doing something) You never….

A frog went into a restaurant and ordered some soup.

When it was served, the frog turned to the waiter and complained, “Waiter, there is no fly in my soup!”

Dr. V. Saraswathi, Vice President, English Language Teachers’ Association of India, Reproduced with permission from Education Times, The Times of India, Chennai.

ROTARY ACTS

Enriching a Silent World The RYLA workshop targeted for the hearing and speech-impaired organised

by RC Panaji Riviera, RI District 3170 was a perfect bedrock for the youngsters to equip themselves with social skills that will enable them to integrate into the mainstream rather than become isolated and depressed.

T

he younger generation today faces a stiff competition making it imperative for the younger generation to develop strong social skills and leadership qualities to be efficient and successful in their adult life. Rotary offers platters full of various programmes that would enhance the inherent skills of youngsters in the form of RYLA and the Rotary clubs world over provide opportune settings with innovative programmes that are highly beneficial for the young adults in the age group 14 to 30, the age when they can be moulded and when they are mentally and physically ready to capture vibrant ideas.

On these lines, Rotary Club of Panaji Riviera led by President, Rtn. Siddharth Zantye, brought together

the youngsters for a four day residential youth empowerment workshop titled ‘Milaap.’ Special children hold a unique interest for the Rotarians of RC Panaji Riviera. The club has undertaken meaningful projects to transform the lives of the differentlyabled through their services such as equipping a school for the mentally challenged and recognising the special educators with Vocational Excellence Awards for their contribution towards training the disabled.

So what is special about Milaap?

This RYLA event had its focus on speech and hearing impaired youngsters and 42 participants came from Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa. The workshop was designed in such a way that the curriculum covered aspects that prepared the

participants to manage time, set goals and actively interact with their peers. The invigorating contents for the workshop were designed by Unlearning Unlimited, a training organisation that enables people to connect with their potential. True to its name, the participants were exposed to ‘unlearning’ right from day one. Unlearning is letting go of what we have learnt; it is about being open to or exploring one’s potential.

Spiritual literatures talk about para vidya and apara vidya. Para vidya is learning to manage and become good at dealing with what is outside of oneself. Apara vidya is about knowing oneself, exploring who and what you are. While para vidya is objective knowledge, apara vidya is subjective knowledge.

The RYLA team.

50 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

Getting trained in house-keeping.

The RYLA programme of Rotary seeks to inculcate this in youngsters.

It emphasises on personal growth, self esteem and encourages leadership skills in young people. The first day of the programme unfolded interestingly with a cruise along the river Mandovi on the vessel, ‘Royal Cruise.’ They spent the evening in the Youth Hostel, Miramar where they were introduced to the art of mime theatre by the trainers. Every other day dawned with a lesson in yoga to balance the mind and body. The participants were exposed to adventure activities such as rope-river crossing, trekking and other adventure sports. The trainers helped to dispel the myths and misconceptions in performing super-natural activities such as fire-walking, walking over a bed of nails and fire-eating through demonstrations and scientific explanations.

A guided tour of Krishnadas Shama Goa State Central Library culminated in a magic show. The participants were treated to a session

of star-gazing at the Public Astronomical Observatory. The youngsters were taught the nuances of knotting a neck-tie, laying a table and designing models from towels and all those that relate to the hospitality industry. It was a whirlwind of learning and valuable experiences that finally came to an end on April 7, 2013. Then it was time for the valedictory function and what a show the participants put up for the farewell night! The chief guest for the evening, District Governor, Dr. Jorson Fernandes and the guest of honour, Rtn. Manohar Usgaonkar were totally awed by the performance of the youngsters. To say that these were the same people who stepped in into the RYLA event, unsure of themselves and with a lot of inhibitions now step out with confidence in every step and a lively interpersonal interaction with their batch mates was a huge transformation indeed. And more so, the admirable grit they exhibit overcoming their disabilities.

It is very much apt to mention Swami Vivekananda’s quote: “All

power is within you; you can do anything and everything. Believe in that; do not believe you are weak. Stand up and respect the divinity within you.” The Rotarians of RC Panaji Riviera gave life to his priceless sayings and through this RYLA, with diverse resources and dynamic activities, they have instilled the confidence and implanted the self-esteem in these young adults. In the words of Rtn. Siddharth Zantye, “The young participants were eager learners and their awesome attitude was seen in their expressive gestures and actions aligned with discipline, dedication and togetherness.” The programme brought to fore the latent creativity and resourcefulness embedded deep within these youngsters. The training has energised them with courage to overcome challenges that come their way in their world of silence.

Jaishree with inputs from RC Panaji Riviera RI District 3170 AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 51

ROTARY ACTS

to bring Hope Rotarians of RI Districts 3140 and 3180 have facilitated essential healthcare services to Conakry, Guinea through the global charity Mercy Ships, a state-of-the-art floating hospital doing remarkable community service to the needy.

‘Health for all’ is the main agenda of all the countries around the world, though there are some poor nations which cannot provide adequate care for all its citizens and there is a gap and to bridge this gap the Rotary International steps in and provides various services.

The Rotary Foundation, under its new Future Vision Plan, seeks to forge strategic partnerships with established organisations with expertise in any of Rotary’s Six Areas of Focus: Peace and Conflict Prevention; Disease Prevention and Treatment; Water and Sanitation; Maternal and Child Health; Basic Education and Literacy; and Economic and Community Development. The Foundation Grants support major international projects with sustainable, high impact results.

In order to facilitate quality healthcare services to West Africa, a new strategic partnership between The Rotary Foundation and the global charity Mercy Ships was formed.

Mercy Ships volunteers are selfsacrificing people who bring hope and healing every day to the poorest of the world’s poor. They change lives by bringing the highest quality care to individuals who otherwise would have little access to medical services. Through this partnership the Foundation will offer Packaged Global Grants for Rotary clubs and districts to assemble Vocational Training Teams (VTT) of medical 52 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

Eye care team.

Vocational training in progress.

Mercy Ships

M

ercy Ships is an international charity that was founded in 1978 by Don and Deyon Stephens.

Mercy Ships currently operates the largest non-governmental hospital ship in the world, providing free healthcare, community development projects, community health education, mental health programmes, agriculture projects, and palliative care for terminally ill patients.

Mercy Ships has operated in more than 70 developing nations around the world, with a current focus on the countries of West Africa. The organisation has its International Operations Center (IOC) in Garden Valley, Texas. Mercy Ships also has 16 national resource offices in countries that include

professionals. These teams will perform or assist in life-changing surgeries. The Rotarian - volunteers will also work to enhance the skills of local healthcare professionals.

The healthcare project was initiated by RI District 3140 and the team of Rotarian and non-Rotarian doctors from India had a satisfying experience of serving the ailing people of Conakry, Guinea. Conakry is the capital of Guinea. This port city has almost a quarter of the population of the country. On April 20, 2013, the team of eye surgeons left Mumbai on a mission under Rotary’s Packaged Global Grants programme to provide eye related treatment to the needy and train local doctors to carry on with planned activities.

Vocational Training Team was specially formed to deliver service in the eye-care sector to the West African country, Guinea with the object of providing cataract surgeries and capacity building of eye surgeons in that country which has a severe shortage

Spain, Britain, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, South Africa and Australia.

A major inspiration for Mercy Ships Founder and President Don Stephens was the work of the international hospital ship SS Hope. Stephens’ research showed that 95 of the 100 largest cities in the world were port cities. Therefore, a hospital ship could deliver healthcare very efficiently to large numbers of people. The birth of Stephens’ profoundly disabled son, John Paul, also inspired him to move forward with his vision of a floating hospital. A visit with Mother Teresa in Calcutta, India, further deepened his commitment to serving the world’s neediest people.

Mercy Ships currently has one vessel in service: the 16,500-ton

flagship Africa Mercy, which measures almost 500 feet long. The Africa Mercy has greater capacity than all three previous Mercy Ships combined.

The Africa Mercy is currently serving in the port of Conakry, Guinea, where its field service will last from August 2012 to May 2013.

The ship was previously docked in Lomé, Togo, for the first months of its 2012 field service. The Africa Mercy docked in Freetown, Sierra Leone for its 2011 field service, which lasted for 10 months. At the conclusion of each field service, the Africa Mercy goes into dry dock, where it is resupplied and receives any needed repairs or upgrades before heading to its next port of call.

Source: Internet

Demonstration of eye-surgery using latest technology.

of qualified eye surgeons. This project was funded to the extent of US $39,000

by The Rotary Foundation under the

Packaged Global Grant. This is the second such grant given by The Rotary Foundation to work side by side along AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 53

PACKAGED GRANTS WHAT ARE PACKAGED GRANTS? Packaged grants have been predesigned by Rotary and our strategic partners. The activities they fund are similar to those funded by global grants in many ways—they support our areas of focus and can include scholarships, humanitarian projects and vocational training—but the work of designing the activity’s general framework has already been done.

This allows Rotarians to focus their talents and energies on bringing the project to life. With a packaged grant, your role could include: • Assessing community needs and identifying those who could benefit from a project • Selecting and mentoring scholars • Assembling teams of professionals for peer-based training • Providing technical expertise or direct service • Promoting and publicising activities • Monitoring and evaluating the project HOW DO I APPLY FOR A PACKAGED GRANT? The Rotary Foundation accepts packaged grant applications on a rolling basis throughout the year. Before a district or club can apply, it must complete the qualification process.

WHAT PACKAGED GRANTS ARE AVAILABLE? Five types of packaged grants, described below, are currently available. As we transition into our new grant system, we’ll be steadily increasing these opportunities to include a wide range of projects and activities, locations and levels of Rotarian involvement.

54 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

Health educators training and nursing scholarships Aga Khan University and The Rotary Foundation offer two packaged grants in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda: the first provides training to health educators and the second offers scholarships to nursing and midwifery students at the university’s East Africa campuses.

Developing local entrepreneurs In this packaged grant with strategic partner Oikocredit, Rotarians collaborate with microfinance institutions in their own communities to develop programmes that help increase the impact of microcredit lending.

Vocational training and medical service This packaged grant with Mercy Ships helps assemble vocational training teams of medical professionals to work aboard the state-ofthe-art hospital ship Africa Mercy, to deliver free, world-class health care, capacity building and sustainable development to those without access in the developing world.

Water and sanitation scholarships This packaged grant provides scholarships for graduate students at UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education in Delft, The Netherlands.

The institution is the largest postgraduate water education institution in the world and aims to tackle the world’s water and sanitation crisis.

HOW ARE PACKAGED GRANTS FUNDED? Packaged grants are funded by the World Fund and the strategic partner for the grant.

Source: www.rotary.org

with Mercy Ships and the first grant to India and the Zone for a VTT. The team was led by District Governor of RI District 3140, Dr. Balakrishna Inamdar who is a well known gynaecologist himself. The team had four ophthalmologists. The team leader was Rtn. Dr. Arun Chaudhari, RC Mumbai West Coast. Members were Rtn. Dr. K.V. Ravishankar, RC Mysore West, Dr. Jenin Patel and Dr. Nirav Agarvat. Rtn. Girish Mittal was the primary contact for the project.

Mr. Mark Wright was the co-ordinator from the Mercy Ships Foundation and was responsible for coordinating activities on the ground.

Originally, the entire programme of treatment and training was to be held on board the Mercy Ship and DESSO Eye Clinic but due to some political unrest and consequent security concerns, the treatment was shifted to the Eye Department (DESSO) attached to the Medical College in Conakry.

Additionally, facilities at Bartime Eye Clinic were also utilised. The team was in Conakry for two weeks from 21st April 2013 to 5th May 2013. The team of visiting ophthalmologists screened over 4,500 out-patients in two locations and they demonstrated 65 eye surgeries. Training was given to 17 eye surgeons in various aspects of treating eye related diseases through the latest surgical methods and other procedures. The team also donated 16 Ophthalmoscopes to Bartime and DESSO clinics.

It is always ‘people first’ for Rotarians around the world and the Rotarians who volunteered in this noble project had an opportunity to directly contribute their valuable expertise and share their skills with the people of West Africa through the Mercy Ships which seeks to become the face of love in bringing trust and healing to the poor.

S. Selvi with inputs from Rtn. Dr. V.R. Anil Kumar, RC Mysore West, RI District 3180

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JULY 2007 ROTARY NEWS Tamil Nadu, India. Ph: 044 4214 5666, Fax: 044 2852 8818, e-mail: rotarynews@rosaonline.org

55

ROTARY ACTS

T

A Sigh of Hygienic Relief Exclusive toilet rooms.

56 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

he joy of giving just got better at the Rotary Club of Madras East, RI District 3230, which set a phenomenal example of humanity, with a touch of style and simplicity. On the morning of June 12, 2013, a group of 2,500 students at the Pallikarnai Government Higher Secondary School received a major relief from the ramshackle toilets at their school. Rotary Madras East embodied a dose of hygiene and sanitisation in the form of the ‘Boys and Girls Toilet Block’ that is built within the premises. Not just the school authorities but every single guest who attended the inauguration ceremony was taken aback by the design of the 2,500 square feet toilet. Built in an opulent fashion, it has ten wash basins, ten toilets in the girls’ portion. The boys section accommodates ten wash basins, ten toilets and forty urinals.

Both the sections have a storage room and a provision for staff toilets and a toilet for the disabled students. To ensure supply of running water in the toilets the club has also made arrangements for a bore well.

Holistic development of a child includes the provision of health and

hygiene. A good classroom, a good teacher and good study material cannot compensate sanitation. The promise of holistic development can be fulfilled only when we give each child a clean campus. Coming to school would be more relaxing if the child did not have to worry about how and where he or she would be able to answer nature’s call. The RC Madras East has certainly stepped towards fulfilling a much needed requirement in the form of the fabulously constructed toilet block.

The mind would comprehend that the toilet is part of a plush restaurant; tiled floors, aligned wash basins, flushes installed and adequate space for movement is not just the exposition of a good washroom but the grandstand of Rotary’s philosophy of love and care with no compromise on quality. A lot of emphasis has been given on the spacing within the toilet to ensure privacy and comfort of the students. The girl’s toilet block was funded through the Matching Grant partner club, RC Uttara Subang Jaya, RI District 3300, Malaysia and the TRF along with RC Madras

East totalling to Rs.19.8 lakhs. The toilet blocks for boys was funded to Rs.23.35 lakhs with support from RC Madras East’s Winners Project Surplus Funds. The entire project was materialised within five months with full support from the entire team of the club and people who were associated with RC Madras East in this meaningful project.

As humbly imbibed Rotarians, Club President Rtn. Umamaheswari, Secretary Rtn. M. Srinivasa Rao and TRF Club Chair Rtn. B.S. Purushotam along with the District Governor V. Raja Seenivasan enlightened the government school children on the purpose and importance of hygiene. These Rotarians have built not just a toilet but a ground of service where these young students would blossom in health and hygiene. The subsistence of Rotary’s contribution was also stressed upon by DG Raja Seenivasan. Thoughtfulness personified is what a true Rotarian is.

The never ending endeavours of Rotary to make the world a better place to live in has reached a new milestone at RC Madras East.

Kiran Zehra

Have a Great Idea?

Have a great idea?

Plush wash basin area.

Share it on Best Practices – a searchable database of membership strategies submitted by Rotarians for Rotarians.

Submit your ideas for improving t "UUFOEBODF t $PNNVOJDBUJPO t %JWFSTJUZ t .FNCFS &EVDBUJPO t /FX .FNCFS 0SJFOUBUJPO t 1VCMJD 3FMBUJPOT t 3FDSVJUNFOU t 3FUFOUJPO Find more great ideas at www.rotary.org/en/membershipbestpractices

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 57

ROTARY ACTS

L

ending a helping hand is second nature to Rotarians. But this team of Rotarians of RC Solapur North, RI District 3132, has given hands to the limbless in the literal sense.

The LN-4 Arm Prosthesis project is a unique service of RC Solapur North in association with RC Capital City, RI District 3220, Sri Lanka under a sister club agreement. It was Rtn. Stephnie Rodrigo of the Sri Lankan club who suggested to Rtn. Sachin Jamma, the President of RC Solapur North about this exemplary project that would make life comfortable for the below-elbow amputees by fitting prosthetic arms. Rtn. K.V. Mohankumar, RC Bangalore Peenya, RI District 3190 introduced the Rotarians to the technique of fitting the prosthetic hands and he also

visited the venue to help out with the fitments. These functional hands allow the beneficiaries to grip, write, drive and do almost everything.

LN-4 prosthetic hands are a product of Ellen Meadows Prosthetic Hand Foundation, San Francisco, USA. All the five board members of the Foundation are Rotarians associated with Rotary clubs of USA. Rtn. Jim Yoder, RC Walnut Creek Sunrise, RI District 5160 is the Vice President of the Foundation and the point of contact for the host club.

The LN-4 prosthetic was modeled in memory of Ellen Meadows, daughter of Ernie and Marj Meadows, who died in an automobile accident at 18.

The name ‘LN’ thus refers to ‘Ellen.’

When the couple lost their daughter, they decided to create a legacy to

her memory. Ernie, an industrial designer worked for several years to develop the functional, inexpensive, below-elbow prosthetic hand.

He initially designed it for landmine victims; but today its benefits extend to both adults and children injured by accidents, electricity, landmines or a congenital condition.

As of March 2013, thirteen thousand LN-4 hands have been delivered across the globe by the Foundation—with no cost to the recipient.

The Foundation works to its mission statement: Give Hope, Give a Hand.

The Rotary clubs of RI District 5160, California were instrumental in providing the funding support to make improved manufacturing possible.

The LN-4 teams have provided the prosthetic to countries of East Africa,

Beneficiaries fitted with LN-4 prosthesis along with Rotarians.

58 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

Vietnam, Columbia, Ecuador, India, Jordan and more. The Foundation works with Rotary clubs and other organisations to organise fitting events world over.

A comprehensive camp was arranged at Solapur for three days.

Two days in end-March were used to examine the patients and screen them for fitment. The condition required for LN-4 prosthetic arms is that the patient should have at least 13 cm of residual limb below the elbow, reasonable flexibility and good health. The third day, April 11, 2013, saw the fitment of the prosthetic being carried out. Rtn. Dr. Vijay Degaonkar, an orthopaedic surgeon, Rtn. Gunwant Chimanchode, a reconstructive surgeon along with two technicians, made the job easy.

The beneficiaries were then trained to use their new hands. It was surprising indeed to watch the way they caught the trick and were easily at home with their hands. Many of the beneficiaries were visibly thrilled to write using their hand. One of the patients, a bank employee was in fact moved to tears to see his own handwriting after eight long years. It was a cherished moment for the Rotarians to watch a

A bank employee writes with his new arm.

patient ride his motorcycle with great confidence.

The then District Governor, Ravindra Salunke who had visited the venue to distribute the prosthetic hands was deeply touched by the depth of the project. He was moved to say, “This is my Rotary moment.

To actually see how Rotary can touch so many lives with such meaningful projects makes me feel proud to be a Rotarian.” In fact, these sentiments were felt universally by the Rotarians gathered there at the fitment venue;

for the Rotarians were deeply moved at the sight of youngsters with bilateral upper limb loss. The LN-4 hands would make a world of a difference for these people who are yet to taste the outside world. The extended hands would most definitely provide them the opportunity to pursue their dreams. They can now mould their destiny for the better with their hands. And the Rotarians have vowed to continue this service as a permanent activity.

Jaishree

NOTHING TO DO Wife

: “Nothing is impossible.”

Husband : “I have done nothing in the past few years and trust me, it is possible!”

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 59

ROTARY ACTS

SEAMS AND

The Rotary clubs of RI District 3150 came together to stitch up the ragged seams of the rural underprivileged women community of Andhra Pradesh by their generous donation of sewing machines so that they can enjoy better financial status through the vocation.

T

he urban world today has opened up to women empowerment and emancipation of women. Social reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Mahatma

Gandhi have induced movements against inequality and subjugation of women. Today women in India have distinguished themselves as pilots, airhostesses, doctors, nurses, engineers

and teachers. They have also made a mark in politics and administration.

But despite this amelioration in the status of women, the evils of illiteracy, ignorance, dowry-harassment

Beneficiaries with Rotarians at the distribution function.

60 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

and economic slavery continue to plague womenfolk in the lower economic strata, especially in the semi-urban and rural belts. Such tribulations have to be conquered for women to enjoy their rightful place in the society.

Issues of poverty and health affect rural women to a great extent. Women have not actively participated in their own emancipation because of lack of economic independence and rampant illiteracy. Rotary has been addressing this issue of women’s empowerment by creating an environment conducive for the wholesome development of women to enable them to reach their full potential. And Rotarians are well aware of the fact that

by improving the status of women, the entire community stands to gain.

“A woman is the full circle. Within her is the power to create, nurture and transform,” said the famous author, Diane Mariechild. Economic empowerment of women would mean better life with enhanced comforts for the entire family. It takes care of the family’s health, education, basic hygiene and thrift.

The Rotary Foundation enables Rotarians to invest in people by creating sustainable and long-term economic improvements in their communities and livelihoods providing the fundamental base from which they can build on. The distribution of sewing machines in the villages of Andhra Pradesh was one such project that was carried out with an intention to provide the womenfolk a means of livelihood that will immensely help build up their financial health.

The inspiration to distribute sewing machines was conceived

by PDG Ravi Vadlamani and PDG T.V.R. Murti. When this extraordinary idea spread across the District, several Rotary clubs came forward to participate in the project. Plans were drawn up for the procurement and donation of the sewing machines.

It was decided to distribute about 600 sewing machines initially and another 100 was added later when more clubs pitched in to contribute for the cause. Rotary Club of Bhagyanagar was the host co-sponsor and the international partners were the Rotary Club of Simons Island, RI District 6920, USA and The Rotary Foundation. Forty two other Rotary clubs from the District also gave their active support. The Rotarians finalised on five villages that would benefit from the project — Guntur, Yellandu, Mancherial, Warangal and Sangareddy.

The Rotarians from the 42 Rotary clubs participated in surveying the residing areas of the beneficiaries and shortlisting them. The beneficiaries

were assessed for the initial knowledge of tailoring. The Rotarians also organised for providing advanced tailoring courses to impart enhanced know-how and instil confidence in them that would go a long way in pursing tailoring as a vocation and generate sufficient income.

The sewing machines were distributed to needy women in all the five places in a grand ceremony on June 14, 2013. The functions at all the venues were presided over by Past District Governors of the District who had also coordinated with the participating Rotary clubs for the efficient distribution of the machines.

The project received good publicity with the news making headlines in print and in the electronic media.

The Project Advisor, Rtn. P.S. Rao informed that the project is sure to make a great impact on the beneficiaries as the Rotarians received several enquiries from garment dealers who were interested in offloading their orders as job work to these women for stitching uniforms, dresses and utility items such as curtains and pillow/cushion covers.

The project would certainly change the lives of these women and the thrill of earning a living provides them the self-esteem and strengthens them with self-confidence that would be an energy booster for the entire family.

Maya Angelou, the American author and poet said, “Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away.” The Rotarians of RI District 3150 have so far distributed more than 5,000 sewing machines and each time they donated the machines, the smiles of relief that light up the face of the needy women with the bright thought that Rotary has made their life meaningful and easy, does take their breath away.

Jaishree with inputs from RC Bhagyanagar, RI District 3150 AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 61

MISCELLANY

Scientists are looking at new ways to tackle malnutrition.

A

t first glance, the facts about malnutrition seem straightforward: We see photos of starving children with swollen bellies, and we know that a child who doesn’t have enough to eat falls behind physically.

A weakened immune system cannot fight infections. A brain starved of nutrients may not develop properly.

The solution seems equally straightforward: A balanced diet and, when needed, antibiotics to fight infection should bring a child back to health.

But scientists are beginning to realise that in severe malnutrition, there is a complicating factor: The bacteria that live in the human gut seem to play an important role in determining which children become seriously ill and which can recover.

Recently, research in Malawi showed that children with a form of severe acute malnutrition called kwashiorkor have gut bacteria that function differently from bacteria in kids who don’t become so ill.

“It’s not that we don’t need food, and it’s not that infections aren’t causing a problem,” says Mark Manary, a professor of paediatrics at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis who has cared for sick children in Africa for more than two decades. “But there’s a third player that we need to do something about.”

Severe acute malnutrition affects nearly 20 million children worldwide and kills one million every year, according 62 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

to international health agencies. The children become caught in a vicious cycle. Nutrient deficiencies lead to infections that dampen their appetite.

If they can’t take in more food, even when it’s available, they’re weakened further and are vulnerable to additional infections.

“There have been incredible attempts to break the cycle over the past 50 years,” says Manary, who co-authored malnutrition studies published earlier this year in the New England Journal of Medicine and the journal Science. But he calls the results of those attempts “underwhelming.”

Even when they’re hospitalised, severely malnourished children have no guarantee of recovery. Uneven

access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where most of the cases occur, means that milkbased treatments often aren’t properly refrigerated. The clean water needed to mix treatment formulas also may be in short supply.

Family physician Richard Randolph, a member of the Rotary Club of Shawnee, Kan., and The Rotary Foundation’s Cadre of Technical Advisers, has provided medical care as a member of the U.S. Army Special Forces and in relief programmes in Haiti and Senegal. In those places, he says, even children admitted to a hospital with severe acute malnutrition had a mortality rate of over 50 percent.

The puzzle, Manary says, is that some children in poor regions could be fed an ideal diet and still not be any healthier than children eating nutrientdeficient foods. So he and his colleagues at Washington University, the University of Malawi, and several other U.S. universities designed a study to examine their hypothesis that the human gut’s microbiome—the total mix of bacteria and other microbes that make up their own ecosystem—plays a part in continuing the cycle of severe acute malnutrition.

They studied 317 sets of twins in five clusters of villages in southern Malawi from infancy until age three. Half of the twin pairs remained adequately nourished throughout the study.

In 135 of the pairs, one twin

developed malnutrition. The analysis focused on 13 sets of sufficiently nourished twins and 13 sets in which one twin developed the kwashiorkor form of malnutrition and the other did not.

Stool samples from these twins provided some clues about the gut microbiome’s role in malnutrition.

Children with kwashiorkor had abnormal microbes. Giving them a therapeutic food made of peanut paste, sugar, oil, fortified milk and vitamins quickly boosted the beneficial bacteria in their gut. However, the good bugs subsided when the therapeutic food was withdrawn and the children resumed their traditional diet.

The researchers also tested the gut microbiome theory in mice and arrived at similar results. “This is showing that the types and functions of these bacteria in the gut are different when you have severe malnutrition,” Manary explains.

The question remains how this information will translate into treatment, or what measures could ease the toll that severe malnutrition takes on the world’s children.

One possible approach is using probiotics, says Stan Fike, a family physician who, like Randolph, has served on the Foundation’s Cadre

of Technical Advisers. Fike has also chaired the Health and Hunger Resource Group for District 5060 (part of British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA). He has worked on projects to help improve water supplies, farming practices and medical clinics in countries including Bangladesh, Cameroun and Ethiopia.

“If we could provide probiotic supplements to children suffering from malnutrition, it would likely encourage growth of positive bacteria,” says Fike, of the Rotary Club of Kamloops West, B.C. “These bacteria would be able to digest and absorb more of the nutrients they do get.” But probiotics are expensive.

Manary prefers a “prebiotic” approach. While probiotic foods or supplements contain live beneficial bacteria, prebiotics are carbohydrate like compounds added to food to selectively feed the good gut bacteria.

“We’re pretty sure that if you’re going to change the bacteria in the bowel, you’re going to do it through feeding people something different,” he says.

In a study he’s working on, that “something different” is doughnuts made with a small amount of fibre that the body can’t digest on its own.

The fibre passes undigested through

the stomach to the intestines, where the beneficial bacteria feast on it. Harmful bacteria go hungry because they can’t digest it. Twenty children in Malawi are enrolled in the study.

In Randolph’s work with the Children’s Nutrition Programme in Haiti, he sees a need for prevention.

“You have to treat malnutrition when it occurs, but it’s far better to prevent it,” he says.

To this end, village nutrition workers evaluate children and provide training to mothers so they can shop for healthful foods. The moms also take part in communal kitchens where women whose children are healthy show them how to prepare nutritious meals.

Results are promising. Six months after the intervention, Randolph says, about 95 percent of moderately malnourished children whose mothers participated were growing at or above World Health Organisation standards.

The message: Sometimes it does take a village to raise a well-nourished child. “To make the biggest impact on kids’ nutrition,” Randolph says, “we have to improve the social situation, the education of moms and economic activity.”

Rebecca Voelker Reproduced from The Rotarian

DEVIL’S ADVOCATE Husband : “I should have married a devil.

Even, she would have made a better wife than you.”

Wife

: “But, marriage between relatives is morally considered wrong in our culture!”

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 63

HEALTH WATCH

SOYA

A HEALTHY DAIRY ALTERNATIVE

F

inding alternatives to compensate for the nutrition loss when you become a vegetarian is no more a Herculean task. Soya is one of the best alternative sources of added calcium and protein for vegans. Its origin dates back to the BC when it was regarded as even a sacred crop by the Asians, who were said to be the first to cultivate them. Soya helps prevent chronic diseases and it is a very rich alternative for dairy products. In addition to this it also has high vitamin, protein, minerals and fibres. They are a popular dairy substitute for many dairy products like milk, cheese, yogurt and ice cream.

They can reduce considerable amount of cholesterol levels. They contain healthy fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA or also icosapentaenoic acid) and docosahexaenoic acid

64 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

(DHA) that are found in fish. It contains high levels of phytic acid which are antioxidants. It also helps reduce the risks of cancer, minimises diabetes and reduces inflammation.

Dairy Products from Soya The dairy products from Soya include:  Soy Milk  Soy Yogurt  Tofu Soy Milk Soy Milk is rich in proteins and vitamin B. It has considerable calcium content though it is not a rich source of calcium. Soy milk naturally has a beany taste but it is now flavoured and sold. Soy milk can even be made at home with the basic needed ingredients or with a soy milk machine.

Soy milk contains only vegetable proteins. Vegetable protein is said to cause less loss of calcium and does not risk the occurrence of osteoporosis as animal protein. It does not contain lactose. 75 percent of the population of the world cannot tolerate lactose.

Soy milk contains prebiotics such as stachyose and raffinose that boost immunity and reduce the toxic contents of the body. Soy milk also helps reduce

a superior alternative to paneer made from cow’s milk which is rich in fat and cholesterol levels. It contains vitamin B and isoflavones and if calcium sulphate is added to it, it becomes a rich source of calcium too. It is also rich in iron. It comes in different types mainly based on its texture like silken tofu, firm tofu, fresh tofu, dried tofu, processed and flavoured tofu.

cholesterol levels. Soy milk contains a lot of isoflavones.

Isoflavones has the following benefits:  It helps reduce cholesterol levels  Eases menopause symptoms  Prevents osteoporosis  It reduces breast and prostrate cancer  It is also a good antioxidant that protects the DNA from oxidations.

Soy Yogurt It is made by fermenting milk using friendly bacteria. It has a slightly beany soy taste. The bacteria used in soy

yogurt promote healthy colon and help prevent colon cancer. They do not contain cholesterol and have less quantity of fat compared to yogurt made from cow’s milk. It helps to control type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure. It can be easily made at home using proper tools and measurements.

Tofu Tofu is known to have amazing nutritional benefits and is also versatile in its contribution to making delicious recipes. It has a bland taste but easily absorbs the flavours that are added with them in the making of a dish. It is

General Health Benefits of Soya Soya helps in the enhancement of bone health. Isoflavones help in preventing osteoporosis that make up for the comparatively less calcium content in Soya than in dairy products. Isoflavone genistein helps to hinder the breakdown of bones and thus contribute to the improvement of bone health. It helps reduce calcium loss from bones that are abundant when animal dairy products are consumed. Soyas are rich dietary sources of isoflavones.

Soya helps prevent certain cancers mainly hormone related ones such as breast and colon cancers.

Soya reduces menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats.

Soya reduces the risk of heart diseases. It helps prevent cardiovascular problems. It reduces overall body cholesterol that is the main reason for most of the heart diseases to occur. It also increases the flexibility of blood vessels.

Soya is very nutritive. Most of the soy products are rich in protein. Soya is particularly an important source of proteins for vegans. It prevents the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and is a rich source of magnesium that helps in the proper functioning of bones, arteries and heart.

Needless to say, Soya is a very healthy and superior dairy alternative.

It satisfies the ideological, medical and the health reasons for which it is chosen as a dairy alternative. It is certainly a boon to the vegans.

Source: The Indian Vegetarian Congress Quarterly AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 65

FOCUS RC QUILON LOTUS RI District 3211 The club conducted a four day long Payasam Mela at Kollam. This novel fund–raiser fetched Rs. 2,50,000 which was donated to Santhwanam, a cancer care clinic to be used for the welfare activities of the patients.

RC RAJAPALAYAM CENTRAL RI District 3212 The club associated with Madurai Meenakshi Mission Hospital and conducted a medical camp for school teachers at Rajapalayam. The doctors also trained the teachers the know-how to administer general first aid in case of emergencies.

66 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

RC VELLORE SOUTH RI District 3230 The club conducted ENT camps in its adopted villages, under the Happy Village project. It benefitted 175 people. Medicines were also provided to the needy patients in these rural areas.

RC DURGAPUR RI District 3240 The club with support from District Grant installed two tube wells at Domra Ramakrishna Mission Vidyapith and Chashipara Slum area, Durgapur in order to tackle water crisis in the area.

RC JAMSHEDPUR WEST RI District 3250 The club along with the Ladies Committee of Indian Cancer Society, MTMH and Tata Main Hospital conducted cancer screening and haemoglobin profiling for women at the Rotary Deeksha Centre, Sonari.

RC RAIPUR COSMOPOLITAN RI District 3260 The club inaugurated the Rotary Cosmo DP ward in Dr. Ambedkar Hospital in Raipur. This 60-bedded 11,500 square feet ward constructed at a cost of Rs.1 crore would help treat more patients coming to the hospital.

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 67

RC CALCUTTA UPTOWN RI District 3291 The club along with RC Garden Reach and RC Calcutta South West facilitated heart surgeries for small children at the BM Birla Heart Research Centre to treat the CHD condition.

RC BUTWAL RI District 3292 Computers and accessories were handed over to the Gyanodaya Ratri High School by the club. This would help to empower the students with cyber knowledge.

RC SALEM COSMOS RI District 2980 The club along with Green Connect Resource Management Solutions inaugurated a bio-gas plant at CSI Balar Gnana Illam. The school would be able to save seven commercial cylinders per month after the installation of this plant.

RC THURAIYUR PERUMALMALAI RI District 3000 LCD projectors and screens were donated to an aided middle school at Venkatachalapuram. Around 450 students would be benefitted by this project.

68 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

RC VIJAYAWADA VISIONARY COUPLES RI District 3020 Physically challenged women were given motorised sewing machines by the club with a view for them to pursue a vocation to sustain finances.

RC NAGPUR SOUTH EAST RI District 3030 “Krishi Melava” an exhibition on agricultural development was held at Manora. The club along with Ankur Seeds and Government of Maharashtra hosted this event for farmers to enable them to learn new technology in the field of agriculture.

RC VISNAGAR RI District 3050 Under its project, ‘Rotary Janani Urja,’ the Rotarians distributed health kits for consumption to mothers of new-born babies. This would ensure better nourishment for the women.

RC GANDEVI RI District 3060 Uniforms were distributed by Rotarians to students of Shree Vallabh Ashramshala at Kurelia.

This gift would sustain the academic interest in children besides lending them dignity and pride in going to school.

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 69

RC RAJOURI RI District 3070 A two day medical camp for detection of uterus cancer was hosted by the club at the District Hospital at Rajouri. Women diagnosed with the disease were referred for further treatment at the hospital with the club bearing the expenses.

RC FATEHABAD GREATER RI District 3090 Hearing aids were distributed to the hearing impaired to enable them to participate actively in their surroundings. The Rotarians also distributed footwear for the needy at Fatehabad.

RC GANGA BIJNOR RI District 3100 As part of literacy promotion, the club distributed uniform kits to the girls studying at the Government Girls Junior College, Bijnor. This would induce interest in them to continue school.

RC BAREILLY SOUTH RI District 3110 Woolen sweaters were distributed to the inmates of the Central and District Jails at Bareilly by the club. The Rotarians also arranged for physiotherapy treatments for those with physical ailments.

70 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

RC PUNE KOTHRUD RI District 3131 A rain water harvesting project was executed by the club along with Gram Gaurav Pratishthan at Kumbharvalan village just ahead of the rains. The project that cost Rs. 3,50,000 would benefit nearly 300 families residing here.

After Work Completed

After First Rain

RC SOLAPUR NORTH RI District 3132 The club organised a one day workshop on “Use of other languages on PC� at Mangalwedhekar Institute of Management, Solapur. The knowledge would increase the chances of getting gainful employment for the attendees.

RC POWAI RI District 3140 Installation of solar street lighting system and home lighting system was completed by the club under the Global Grants programme at Tandelpada village in Jawahar. The facility would enhance the comforts of the villagers.

RC WARANGAL RI District 3150 Steel cupboards were donated to the UPS School at Chintelpally village by the club. These gifts would ensure safe-keeping of the books and other valuable materials related to the school in a proper manner.

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 71

CULTURE

72 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

living in the

breathing blue mountains Living in the lush green and exotic location of the Nilgiris is a community that is unique and distinctive in ways and mannerisms which would take you through a journey to explore the harmonious combination of nature and culture. Looks so astonishing, lifestyle so outlandish you would want to know more and more about the Toda Tribes of the Nilgiris.

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 73

Astounding conical roofed Toda Dairy Temple.

N

ot just limited to eucalyptus oil, homemade chocolates and tea, the Nilgiri Mountains have much more in its proposition to offer the inquisitiveness of the eye and mind. The lush green precipice holds abode to the aborigine of the Blue Mountains — Todas. A primordial clique the Todas are a very special and exclusive part of the Nilgiris. Origin of their clan is based upon conjecture and assumption but in reality the Todas’ atypical language, culture and tradition is what makes them distinctive and aboriginal. Although Todas are not the only tribes that dwell on the hills, they are most popular amongst the locals and tourist, reason being their congeniality and strong cultural substratum. Their attire, customs, art, architecture and poem lead us into an intense desire to know more about their lifestyle.

The Dairy Temple Lodged in the possession of the Shola forests of the Nilgiris are small Toda villages called Mund that comprise facets of rustic and exotic essence alongside a stream. The most attractive part of the chattel apart from its fascinating and breath-taking location is the traditional circular conical roof hut that comprises of one of the two dairy temples of the community. This form of a dairy temple is seen only in special villages or rather villages of sacred importance. Currently there are just two of these temples remaining.

The other dairy temple, an approximate equivalent to the Toda hut, except that encompassing it are higher walls and the door is apparently small to that of the hut, prevails in every Toda mund.

This dairy temple is a half-barrel shaped enclosure bearing motifs of the buffaloes on its facet that has within it the Toda folklores’ most scared tangibles — the dairy vessels. Earthen ware, bamboo ware, the churning sticks and the temple lamp constitute the articles in a dairy temple. Each vessel has a 74 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

Toda family adorning the Poothkuli and Toda woman with the traditional hairstyle and tattoos.

Above: Esprit de corps: Toda men renovating the Toda dairy temple.

separate purpose to serve and is used only by the dairy priest.

The Dairy Priest The dairy priest also called as Palol, is a selected member of the clan who, while in office holds the responsibility of the dairy and its activities. According to previously recorded events the dairy priest on his ordinance ceremony called the niroditi, undergoes a purification process by drinking and washing with water from a scared stream called palinipa or kwoinir poured out of a certain leaf. This is followed by the dairy priest bowing down at the dairy door after which he goes into the dairy, lights the temple lamp and then goes out to milk the buffaloes. The dairy priest is involved in the active management of the dairy. He is also confined to a celibate life, walks on a pathway prohibited to the ordinary folklore and the dairy priest, under AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 75

Buffaloes are considered sacred for the Todas.

Facing page: Traditional Toda dance.

no circumstance, is allowed to attend a funeral. Renovation of the temple is done once in every ten years. The entire village comes together for the renovation episode that attributes to the community’s show of esprit de corps.

Toda and the Buffalo Although there are many versions of the Toda’s devotion for buffaloes, in one of its versions the Todas take as gospel that a goddess named Teikirshy and her brother first created the buffalo, followed by the Toda man and from his right rib, the Toda woman was created. Therefore the Todas hold the buffalo in high and sacred regard, as their religious and traditional beliefs are established from the buffalo. The buffaloes are kept in a circular enclosure called Thoovarsh.

New born calves are kept in a smaller shed called the Kodarsh. The buffaloes play a predominant role in Toda ceremonials which point out over and over again that the Toda religion centres on the animal. The milk of the buffalo is collected in a special vessel 76 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

May be kept from floods; May there be no fire, May rain fall, May clouds rise, May grass flourish, May water spring; For the sake of them may it be well to us.

Worship and Prayer The Toda form of worship seems simple. They do not worship idols or have any manifestation of God. They wake up with salutations for the Sun and praise nature by sunset. They light a lamp in reverence to the Almighty.

The dairy prayer offered by the Todas is for the wellbeing and prosperity of their buffaloes and land.

Attire One of the most eye catching topics about the Todas is their unique and exclusively styled hairdo. The Toda women divide their hair into two halves and further into small partitions, these partitions are further rolled down to ringlets and moisturised with butter. Toda women also indulge in tattooing; the most common tattoo figures are rings, dots and straight lines seen on the arms, chest and shoulders. Earlier Todas wore silver jewels but today they are seen adorning gold ornaments as well.

Their traditional attire is a white or off-white shawl with a bargello of black and red thread. The colourful combination of thread is designed in an exceptionally elegant fashion using a needle and this form of embroidery is famously called pukhoor which the Todas have maintained through generations. Not just shawls, the Toda women also craft wall hangings, table mats, shoulder bags and shopping bags. This striking and unique form of embroidery has received the Geographical Identification Certificate in order to protect and safeguard its distinctive identity and also help the Todas get a good pricing on their products. When Toda women sit together for embroidery they sing in solidarity. Every Toda man and woman adorns the Poothkuli (shawl) in a traditional manner on occasions of traditional importance. Todas can be seen wearing normal clothes like us as well.

The Toda prayer May be blessed, May be merciful; May there be no disease, May there be no destroyer, May there be no poisonous animals, May there be no wild beasts, May be kept from steep hills,

Humble Abode The Toda abode apart from being humble is an interesting piece of architecture. Half barreled in shape, made from bamboo, wood, grass, cane and mud — it is called the arsh with just a

crafted out of bamboo and kept in the dairy temple. It is then churned to butter and buttermilk. The dairy priest then distributes the buttermilk to women who come to collect it and the butter is sold in the bazaar making the Toda community pastoral by profession.

Women presumably are isolated from dairy activities. Domestic chores and embroidery accounted as their enterprise.

single portal to get inside it. The door is tiny such as to get inside, a person would have to crawl and beside it can be seen raised portions to sit. Inside is a dark and smoky room with two raised portions on its left and right that constitute the kitchen and sleeping area. The kitchen consists of utensils procured from the bazaar or local market. There is no means by which air could be sent outside the hut and the outcome being warm temperature inside the hut.

The Todas now grow their own vegetables and buy other essentials from the market. They survive on the buffalo milk and its by products, vegetables, jaggery, rice and other grains which make them lacto-vegetarians.

One of their famous recipe is a result of rice cooked in jaggery and rolled into balls called ashkkartpimi served with ghee. Buttermilk is their chief drink. No intoxicant is included in any of their meals but a few entertain themselves with an intake of alcohol. Todas basically depended upon their cattle and herd of buffaloes for economic welfare. It is said that the richness of a Toda can be ascertained by the copiousness of his buffaloes.

Indicating contrast, the Todas now move out of their villages in search of jobs. As of today many children go to schools set up by the government and try and graduate as well, but education amongst the Todas is still not compulsory.

Festivals Celebration in the Toda society has continued to excite and interest tourist and the locals. The Giving Salt to Buffalo festival is one such unique event that is celebrated twice a year.

Paniuppu remarks the giving of frost grass salt for winter and Koruppu remarks the giving of the new grass salt for summer. It is said that a day before the ceremony the Palol digs a hole at a magistral spot or digs upon an existing hole from a previous ceremony. This hole is called as upunkudi.

The Palol pours into the upunkudi buttermilk and salt on the day of the ceremony which is offered to the buffaloes. On the fifteenth day of the birth of a calf, the Todas have another AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 77

celebration called the irpalvusthi. A lot of ceremonies comprise the birth and naming ceremony of a child.

Holy Matrimony Another phenomenal event that is sequenced into a row of ceremonies

is the Toda marriage. Holy matrimony besets upon a man and woman on the seventh month of the woman’s pregnancy. The alliance is roped into a series of events. In its preface is the pre-wedding ceremony that is held in the evening previous to the day

of the wedding. The bride, a seven months pregnant woman is adorned with the Poothkuli and beautified by the members of the family meanwhile the men gather and polish a bamboo stick which will be used to hold the consecrated water. The bride after her beautification is taken out to light the holy fire. Seated beside the fire she holds a plate of boiled rice and prays to God for his blessings. She then throws the plate to the ground making an offering of the rice to the God. The mother-in-law of the bride then burns her wrists thrice using a cloth wick preparing her for the ceremonial ahead. Holy water is poured out of the purified bamboo stick into a betel leaf and the bride drinks from it. The process is repeated seven times. It is believed that this holy water transforms itself into milk for the infant within the mother’s womb.

With this ceremony the pre-wedding comes to an end and the anticipation for the wedding ceremony begins.

The next day relatives and friends gather in the village for the Pursitpimi ceremony or the ‘bow and arrow’

Toda Embriodery: The Shawl and Women at work.

Above: Bride being offered the bow and arrow.

Facing page: Distinctive form of blessing.

78 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

ceremony. The men go to a sacred tree and make a triangular aperture big enough to hold an oil lamp. The aperture is carefully carved in the bark of the sacred tree and a lamp is placed in it. Arrangements are made for the bride to be seated comfortably in front of the lamp. The bride and groom dressed in the traditional outfit and hairdo receive blessing from the elders of the family. Seeking of blessing in the Toda community is of a peculiar manner in which the foot is raised to the forehead. After being blessed by family and elders the couple are entertained by the menfolk who wish them happiness and well-being through a dance. They receive gifts from the people gathered which are placed near the scared tree. The groom along with a few men goes into the woods to make a bow and arrow which he would offer to his wife. The groom then returns to his pregnant bride and offers her the bow and arrow thereafter taking all social responsibility of their child.

The bride accepts the bow and arrow.

The next event unfolds by the sacred tree where the bride is seated facing the lamp. This ceremony confines the bride to shed tears from her eyes while staring into the lamp without a blink. The drop of a tear signifies her separation from her parents. The older women prevent the lamp from blowing out after the bride has shed her tears of joy. Singing and dancing brings the wedding ceremony to a close. The Todas dance to the songs that they sing together. They do not play any instrument or music.

Funeral The funeral ceremony is open to general public just like the wedding. On the death of a Toda, a green funeral is performed first and then few days later a second funeral is performed with the relics of the deceased. In the course of a green funeral the dead body is cremated and the sacrifice of a buffalo ensues. The buffalo is killed in order to accompany the dead in

the afterworld. The Todas have given much credence that a dead Toda travels along with the buffalo into the afterworld called Amnodr and that the sun sets in Amnodr.

Language The Toda language does not consists of a manuscript. The language has a unique and distinctive feature that is neither borrowed nor copied. The Toda language is a great piece of study for linguists. Diphthongs, dialect and pronunciations provide great material for a phonetic study. The song and poetry recitals are an area of interest and curiosity. The ‘R’ is a sustained sound and pulls interest of ears when a Toda rolls the ‘R.’ Dynamic State The Toda community stands on the onslaught of social and economic change and remains in its dynamic state. Todas are adapting to the au

courant means of housing, clothing and economic growth but will always sustain the title of the ‘Aborigine of the Nilgiris.’ They are the remnants of a community that knew no war, no law, no leaders and no hunger. The Toda community is a free society and to this day has sustained their preponderance of being the children of the hills. Their value of nature is recognised and appreciated in many ways.

Although their count stands to a less than 2,000 they have contributed to the Blue Mountains a rich and limitless cultural and conventional history.

They stand distinctive amongst the other Nilgiris tribes in every aspect of architecture, poetry, culture, attire and customs. Warm and welcoming, the tribal community is also known for their hospitality. When you visit the Nilgiris don’t forget to visit the diamond in the crown, don’t forget to go to the Toda mund.

Kiran Zehra AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 79

Membership in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives RI RI Rotary No. of Women Rotaract Interact Zone District Clubs Rotarians Rotarians

5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

2980 3000 3010 3020 3030 3040 3051 3052 3053 3060 3070 3080 3090 3100 3110 3120 3131 3132 3140 3150 3160 3170 3180 3190 3201 3202 3211 3212 3220 3230 3240 3250 3261 3262 3271 3272 3281 3282 3291 3292 Total

151 87 133 66 85 93 63 62 53 79 110 80 78 90 120 70 97 73 131 95 61 128 137 89 124 100 127 81 62 125 73 92 72 67 72 88 125 72 144 87 3,742

6,316 4,128 5,610 3,101 4,275 2,155 2,674 3,319 1,925 3,474 3,312 3,375 2,274 1,972 3,924 2,573 4,146 3,170 7,011 3,599 2,171 4,908 5,391 3,606 4,708 3,922 3,906 3,569 1,719 5,716 2,537 3,198 2,144 2,419 1,288 1,922 3,611 2,071 4,257 2,789 1,38,185

121 299 579 172 355 216 183 473 197 240 241 170 110 80 306 155 529 216 881 259 80 239 202 248 265 208 160 127 175 320 220 372 105 186 143 294 312 130 614 298 10,480

36 80 41 20 27 13 27 10 9 21 34 37 8 3 34 18 25 18 77 49 4 17 32 29 41 33 4 3 44 79 33 25 6 12 23 11 129 109 35 81 1,337

248 195 153 171 164 79 116 106 30 94 102 114 27 79 37 30 139 80 324 143 37 246 343 89 70 325 54 122 178 316 102 96 88 57 15 34 38 17 87 81 4,826

RCC

183 61 80 258 120 131 328 115 89 98 55 90 122 146 59 48 62 52 129 107 80 151 138 41 43 36 111 115 93 266 105 157 40 63 13 31 58 36 497 81 4,488

As on July 2, 2013 Source: RI South Asia Office 80 ROTARY NEWS AUGUST 2013

MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR

Polio’s end in sight In Korea, we have a proverb: 괴로움이 있으면 즐거움 도 있다. It means, “After hardships comes happiness,” and it is an encouragement to work hard in the face of adversity.

Polio eradication is long, hard work, but when we have finished this job, we will have achieved something wonderful — and lasting.

Since PolioPlus was launched, we have immunised over two billion children and have seen a 99 percent decrease in polio cases. These past few years, we have made enormous progress.

But this last effort — the home stretch — is the hardest. It costs approximately US $1 billion every year to maintain our fight against polio. Even once we see no new cases of polio, we are committed to supporting eradication until the world is certified polio-free — a full three years after the last case is recorded. We’re getting closer, but we are not there yet.

Until that historic moment, we must continue the fight with everything we have.

We have to keep up the momentum, keep up the energy, and keep up the awareness. Every Rotarian needs to understand what polio is and why we are committed to its eradication.

The answer is simple: If we were to stop our fight against polio now, we would lose everything we have worked for over so many years. Very soon, we would see a resurgence of polio to the levels some of us remember from 30 years ago, when more than 1,000 children were paralysed every day. Polio would again be epidemic — and we would have lost the opportunity of a lifetime.

This is something we cannot and will not consider. We are in it until the end — and the end is truly This Close. Polio is a global health emergency not because the end is so distant — but because it is in sight.

Dong Kurn (D.K.) Lee Foundation Trustee Chair

RECOMMENDED READING

Power of Speech The Secrets to Speaking in Public Dr. Jan Yager M/s. Emerald Publishers 15A, First Floor, Casa Major Road, Egmore, Chennai – 600 008.

E-mail: info@emeraldpublishers.com Phone: 91 44 28193206, 42146994 Price: Rs.225

M

ost of us would have been tongue-tied at some point of time during our high school days before delivering our maiden speech on stage. While some of us are shy to talk in a crowd, several of us are quite at home if not show-stealers while striking an informal conversation with friends or even strangers. And there are some extraordinary people who have made a mark by addressing public talks so much so that they draw a huge crowd and have a fan-following just to absorb what they say. These powerful speakers make an impact on the audience with their inspirational speeches. Motivational speakers are experts in tailor-fitting messages to their audiences, whether it is a crowd of business executives or a class of college students.

As a speaker, you may have the most interesting content, but if you do not connect with your audience, it can all go waste. No matter what you have to say, your message won’t get through. This book, ‘The Secrets to Speaking in Public’ is a powerful tool that can mould a person to evolve into an effective speaker. The paperback is packed with all that one has to know to excel at public speaking in its 200 and odd pages. The author, Dr. Jan

Yager arrests the reader with her valuable tips, interesting anecdotes, testimonials and quotes right from the first chapter onwards. Tips such as “the most important person to please when you speak is yourself;” “practice your speech in front of the mirror;” “be prepared” and “do your homework” included in the book goes a long way in building up the confidence level in a wannabe speaker. To quote a line from the book: “How do you get to Carnegie Hall?” that amazing concert hall in Manhattan. The punch line to the joke is, “practice, practice, practice.”

Several innovative ideas on how to get extra mileage out of your speech has been sprinkled liberally by the author.

Topics such as ‘cultural considerations when you speak,’ ‘the keynote,’ ‘how to handle twelve top challenges you may face as a speaker’ are very inspirational and well-researched. The book also prepares the reader for giving television interviews and getting people to attend your book events. A glossary of the terms in public speaking is also included in the last pages of the book.

The book trains the reader on how to deliver a toast to a friend on his wedding or on his retirement and a eulogy at a memorial service.

This well-written book is sure to remove the fear factor in the reader and motivate him to walk up to the podium with immense confidence.

The book also highlights the common mistakes committed by seasoned speakers which many are unaware of. Three decades of professional speaking and additional research and observing other speakers have resulted in the author bringing out such an informative work.

Dr. Jan Yager is the author of 32 books translated in 29 languages.

She delivers speeches to corporate and government audiences and conducts seminar in the USA and internationally including India, England, the Netherlands, Taiwan and Japan on a wide range of topics.

She has also addressed Rotary clubs in India. Some of her award-winning books include Work Less, Do More, When Friendship Hurts, Road Signs on Life’s Journey.

In short, this book is a musthave for any person aspiring to make an impact on the audience through their speech. It is a treasure trove for students and youngsters on the verge of delivering their first public talk on the stage.

Jaishree

Start with Rotary and good things happen.

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 81

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07-10-2013 13:09:00

Rtn. Ratan Sanghvi (extreme right) of RC Pimpri, RI District 3131, who is afflicted with polio since childhood is the current President of the club. He was specially felicitated recently by PRIP Kalyan Banerjee for his contribution of US $10,000 towards the Gates Challenge.

RC Coimbatore Saicity, RI District 3201, marked the milestone of 701 heart surgeries performed under Gift of Life initiative for children from economically weak families.

Rtn. A.S. Iyer (second from left) of RC Erode North, RI District 3202, has donated blood more than 100 times.

He was honoured by the Erode District Collector on the Republic Day. He was also conferred with special recognition for outstanding contribution to community by the District Governor at the District Conference.

AUGUST 2013

ROTARY NEWS 83

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Rotary International Convention - Lisbon

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