4-Volume Set
Intelligence CRITICAL CONCEPTS IN MILITARY, STRATEGIC, AND SECURITY STUDIES Edited by Loch K. Johnson, University of Georgia, USA Many experts on security intelligence distinguish ‘mysteries’ from ‘secrets’. Mysteries (e.g. can Pakistan survive the threat it faces from the presence of insurgents in its western provinces?) are worldly phenomena that governments may wish to understand, but which are difficult to fathom given the foibles of human beings, not least their inability accurately to foretell the future. Secrets (e.g. the number of nuclear submarines in the Chinese navy), however, are more susceptible to understanding. Indeed, with the right spy in place, with surveillance satellites in their proper orbit, or with reconnaissance aircraft well-positioned in enemy airspace, secrets can be deduced, but governments are largely limited to thoughtful speculation about the planet’s deeper mysteries. Either way, prudent states will seek to establish intelligence-gathering agencies to ferret out secrets and help productively to ponder mysteries. Serious academic work focusing on issues in and around this kind of activity flourishes as never before, and this new four-volume collection from Routledge’s Critical Concepts in Military, Strategic, and Security Studies series addresses the need for an authoritative reference work to make sense of a rapidly growing and ever more complex corpus of scholarly literature. Intelligence is fully indexed and includes a comprehensive introduction, newly written by the editor, which places the collected materials in its historical and intellectual context. It is destined to be valued by scholars and students as a vital one-stop research and pedagogic resource. Routledge October 2010 234x156: 1,600pp Set Hb: 978-0-415-56971-2
Routledge Major Works
Intelligence CRITICAL CONCEPTS IN MILITARY, STRATEGIC, AN 18.
VOLUME I The Collection and Analysis of National Security Intelligence
Intelligence and Decisions 19.
Paul Pillar, ‘Intelligence, Policy, and the War in Iraq’, Foreign Affairs, 2006, 85, 2, 15–28.
20.
James P. Pfiffner, ‘Did President Bush Mislead the Country in his Arguments for War with Iraq?’, in James P. Pfiffner and Mark Phythian (eds.), Intelligence and National Security Policymaking on Iraq: British and American Perspectives (Manchester University Press, 2008), pp. 59–84.
21.
Mark Phythian, ‘The British Road to War: Decisionmaking, Intelligence, and the Case for War in Iraq’, in James P. Pfiffner and Mark Phythian (eds.), Intelligence and National Security Policymaking on Iraq: British and American Perspectives (Manchester University Press, 2008), pp. 85–105.
Legal Foundations 1.
National Security Act of 1947: Central Intelligence Agency, Compilation of Intelligence Laws and Related Laws and Executive Orders of Interest to the National Intelligence Community, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, US House of Representatives, Committee Print, 98th Cong., 1st Sess., Apr. 1983, pp. 6–8.
History 2.
Phyllis Provost McNeil, ‘The Evolution of the US Intelligence Community—An Historical Perspective’, Preparing for the 21st Century: An Appraisal of US Intelligence, Appendix A, Report of the Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community (Aspin-Brown Commission), 1 Mar. 1996, pp. A1–A25.
3.
Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, ‘The Rise and Fall of the CIA’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence (Oxford, 2010).
4.
Michael S. Goodman, Spying on the Nuclear Bear: Anglo-American Intelligence and the Soviet Bomb (Stanford University Press, 2007), pp. 205–16.
5.
Wolfgang Krieger, ‘US Patronage of German Postwar Intelligence’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Handbook of Intelligence Studies (Routledge, 2007), pp. 91–104.
Theory and Method 6.
Peter Gill and Mark Phythian, ‘What is Intelligence?’, Intelligence in an Insecure World (Polity, 2006), pp. 1–19.
7.
Loch K. Johnson, ‘Sketches for a Theory of Strategic Intelligence’, in Peter Gill, Stephen Marrin, and Mark Phythian (eds.), Intelligence Theory: Key Questions and Debates (Routledge, 2009), pp. 33–54.
8.
Len Scott, ‘Sources and Methods in the Study of Intelligence: A British View’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 1 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 89–108.
9.
James J. Wirtz, ‘The American Approach to Intelligence Studies’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Handbook of Intelligence Studies (Routledge, 2007), pp. 28–38.
10.
Amy B. Zegart, ‘Cloaks, Daggers, and Ivory Towers: Why Academics Don’t Study US Intelligence’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 1 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 21–34.
James B. Bruce, ‘The Missing Link: The Analyst-Collector Relationship’, in Roger Z. George and James B. Bruce (eds.), Analyzing Intelligence: Origins, Obstacles, and Innovations (Georgetown University Press, 2008), pp. 191–212.
VOLUME II Covert Action: The Aggressive Arm of National Security Intelligence An Overview 22.
Loch K. Johnson, ‘On Drawing a Bright Line for Covert Operations’, American Journal of International Law, 1992, 86, 284–309.
23.
Frank Church, ‘Covert Action: Swampland of American Foreign Policy’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1976, 32, 7–11.
24.
James A. Barry, ‘Covert Action Can Be Just’, Orbis, 1993, 37, 375–90.
History 25.
William E. Colby, ‘Skis and Daggers’, Studies in Intelligence, Winter 1999–2000, 53–60.
26.
Anne Karalekas, ‘A History of Covert Action’, in Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Foreign and Military Intelligence, Book IV, Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (the Church Committee), Report No. 94-755, US Senate, 94th Cong., 2d Sess, 23 Apr. 1974, pp. 25–31, 48–55, 66–70, 92–3.
27.
‘The CIA Assassination Plot in the Congo, 1960–61’, Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders: An Interim Report, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (the Church Committee), US Senate, 94th Cong., 2d Sess., 1975, pp. 13–70.
Intelligence Collection 11.
Arthur S. Hulnick, ‘What’s Wrong with the Intelligence Cycle’, Intelligence and National Security, 2006, 21, 6, 959–79.
28.
12.
Jeffrey T. Richelson, ‘The Technical Collection of Intelligence’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Handbook of Intelligence Studies (Routledge, 2007), pp. 105–17.
John Prados, ‘The Bay of Pigs: Failure at Playa Girón’, Safe for Democracy: The Secret Wars of the CIA (Ivan R. Dee, 2006), pp. 236–72.
29.
13.
Frederick P. Hitz, ‘The Importance and Future of Espionage’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. II (Praeger, 2007), pp. 75–94.
Richard L. Holm, ‘Recollections of a Case Officer in Laos, 1962–1964’, Studies in Intelligence, 2003, 47, 1, 1–17.
30.
14.
Stephen C. Mercado, ‘Sailing the Sea of OSINT in the Information Age’, Studies in Intelligence, 2004, 48, 3, 45–56.
Michael Grow, ‘Chile, 1970’, US Presidents and Latin American Interventions: Pursuing Regime Change in the Cold War (University Press of Kansas, 2008), pp. 93–113.
31.
Steve Coll, ‘We’re Keeping These Stingers’, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, From the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (Penguin, 2004), pp. 336–51.
Intelligence Analysis 15.
Jack Davis, ‘A Policymaker’s Perspective on Intelligence Analysis’, Studies in Intelligence, 1995, 38, 7–15.
16.
Richard L. Russell, ‘Blundering in the ”War on Terrorism”’, Sharpening Strategic Intelligence (Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 69–94.
32.
William J. Dougherty, ‘The Role of Covert Action’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Handbook of Intelligence Studies (Routledge, 2007), pp. 279–88.
17.
Richard K. Betts, ‘War and Decision: Why Intelligence Failures are Inevitable’, World Politics, 1978, 31, 1, 61–89.
33.
Gregory F. Treverton, ‘Covert Action and Unintended Results’, Covert Action: The Limits of Intervention in the Postwar World (Basic Books, 1987), pp. 148–78.
34.
John D. Stempel, ‘Covert Action and Diplomacy’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 3 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 145–56.
35.
Jennifer D. Kibbe, ‘Covert Action and the Pentagon’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 3 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 131–44.
Implications
Controlling Covert Action
Routledge Major Works
Intended Contents
36.
Witness Testimony, ‘The Iran-Contra Affair’, Hearings, Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition, the InouyeHamilton Joint Committee, 100th Cong., 1st Sess. (July/Aug. 1987).
37.
Report of the President’s Special Review Board (Tower Commission), Washington, DC (26 Feb. 1987), pp. iv, 1–13.
38.
W. Michael Reisman and James E. Baker, ‘Covert Operations in the Future: Projections and Some Modest Guidelines’, Regulating Covert Action: Practices, Contexts, and Policies of Covert Coercion Abroad in International and American Law (Yale University Press, 1992), pp. 136–43.
ND SECURITY STUDIES 39.
Robert M. Gates, Remarks, ‘Legislative Oversight of Intelligence Activities: The US Experience’, Report, S. Prt. 103-88, Select Committee on Intelligence, US Senate, 103d Cong, 2d Sess. (Oct. 1994), Appendix 10.
61.
A Comparative Perspective 40.
Kevin A. O’Brien, ‘Interfering with Civil Society: CIA and KGB Covert Political Action During the Cold War’, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 1995, 8, 431–56.
41.
Ephraim Kahana, ‘Covert Action: The Israeli Experience’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 2 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 61–82.
VOLUME III Counterintelligence: Shield for National Security Intelligence
VOLUME IV Holding National Security Intelligence Accountable An Overview 62.
Lee H. Hamilton with Jordan Tama, ‘A Creative Tension: The Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress’, Continuities in the Making of Foreign Policy (Woodrow Wilson Center, 2002), pp. 41–71.
63.
Harry How Ransom, ‘Surveillance by Congress’, The Intelligence Establishment (Harvard University Press, 1970), pp. 159–79.
64.
Loch K. Johnson, ‘Accountability and America’s Secret Foreign Policy: Keeping a Legislative Eye on the Central Intelligence Agency’, Foreign Policy Analysis, 2005, 1, 1, 99–120.
An Overview 42.
Paul Redman, ‘The Challenges of Counterintelligence’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence (Oxford University Press, 2010).
43.
Robert Jervis, ‘Intelligence, Counterintelligence, Perception, and Deception’, in Jennifer E. Sims and Burton Gerber (eds.), Vaults, Mirrors, and Masks: Rediscovering US Counterintelligence (Georgetown University Press, 2009), pp. 69–79.
Louis Fisher, ‘Guantánamo’, The Constitution and 9/11: Recurring Threats to America’s Freedoms (University Press of Kansas, 2008), pp. 211–44.
History 65.
‘Legislative Oversight of Intelligence Activities: The US Experience’, Report, S. Prt. 103-88, Select Committee on Intelligence, US Senate, 103d Cong., 2d Sess. (Oct. 1994), pp. 2–26.
66.
David M. Barrett, ‘Congressional Oversight of the CIA in the Early Cold War, 1947–63’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 5 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 1–18.
History 44.
Hayden B. Peake, ‘OSS and the Verona Decrypts’, Intelligence and National Security, 1997, 12, 14–34.
67.
CIA Oral History Archives, ‘Reflections of DCIs Colby and Helms on the CIA’s “Time of Troubles”’, Studies in Intelligence, 2007, 51, 3, 11–28.
45.
Cynthia M. Grabo, ‘Soviet Deception in the Czechoslovak Crisis’, Studies in Intelligence, Fall 2000, 71–86.
68.
Marvin C. Ott, ‘Partisanship and the Decline of Intelligence Oversight’, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 2003, 16, 69–94.
46.
James H. Hansen, ‘Soviet Deception in the Cuban Missile Crisis’, Studies in Intelligence, 2002, 46, 1, 49–58.
69.
47.
Stan A. Taylor and Daniel Snow, ‘Cold War Spies: Why They Spied and How They Got Caught’, Intelligence and National Security, 1997, 12, 101–25.
Loch K. Johnson, ‘Congressional Supervision of America’s Secret Agencies: The Experience and Legacy of the Church Committee’, Public Administration Review, 2004, 64, 3–14.
Implications Personalities 48.
Robin W. Wink, ‘The Theorist: James Jesus Angleton’, Cloak & Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939–1961 (William Morrow, 1987), pp. 322–72.
49.
Barry G. Royden, ‘Tolkaschev, a Worthy Success to Penkovsky’, Studies in Intelligence, 2003, 47, 3, 5–33.
70.
Gregory F. Treverton, ‘Intelligence: Welcome to the American Government’, in Thomas E. Mann (ed.), A Question of Balance: The President, the Congress, and Foreign Policy (The Brookings Institute, 1990), pp. 70–108.
71.
Frederick A. O. Schwarz, Jr. and Aziz Z. Huq, ‘Reform and Resistance: Consequences of the Church Committee’, Unchecked and Unbalanced: Presidential Power in a Time of Terror (The New Press, 2007), pp. 50–62.
72.
Frederick P. Hitz, ‘Unleashing the Rogue Elephant: September 11 and Letting the CIA be the CIA’, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 2002, 25, 756–81.
73.
Frederic F. Manget, ‘Another System of Oversight: Intelligence and the Rise of Judicial Intervention’, Studies in Intelligence, 1966, 39, 43–50.
74.
L. Britt Snider, ‘The Relationship, 1976–2004’, The Agency and the Hill: CIA’s Relationship with Congress, 1946–2004 (Central Intelligence Agency, 2008), pp. 75–91.
75.
9/11 Commission Conclusions on Intelligence Oversight, The 9/11 Report, The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (Kean Commission), Washington, DC (2004), pp. 419–23.
Tradecraft 50.
51.
‘An Assessment of the Aldrich H. Ames Espionage Case and its Implications for US Intelligence’, Staff Report, Select Committee on Intelligence, US Senate, 103d Cong., 2d. Sess (1 Nov. 1994), pp. 53–72. Athan Theoharis, ‘The Successes and Failures of FBI Counterintelligence’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 4 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 53–72.
52.
Frederick L. Wettering, ‘Counterintelligence: The Broken Triad’, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 2000, 13, 265–99.
53.
James M. Olson, ‘The Ten Commandments of Counterintelligence’, Studies in Intelligence, 2001, 11, 81–7.
76.
‘Road Map for National Security: Imperative for Change’, Report, US Commission on National Security/21st Century (Hart-Rudman Commission), Washington, DC (15 Mar. 2001), pp. 365–9.
Harry Howe Ransom, ‘A Half Century of Spy Watching’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 5 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 183–93.
77.
Glenn Hastedt, ‘Washington Politics, Intelligence, and the Struggle Against Global Terrorism’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 4 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 99–126.
Loch K. Johnson, ‘A Shock Theory of Congressional Accountability for Intelligence’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Handbook of Intelligence Studies (Routledge, 2007), pp. 343–60.
78.
Michael Herman, ‘Ethics and Intelligence after September 2001’, in L. V. Scott and P. D. Jackson (eds.), Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: Journeys into Shadows (Routledge, 2004), pp. 180–94.
Counterterrorism 54.
55.
56.
Richard L. Russell, ‘The Intelligence War Against Global Terrorism’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Strategic Intelligence, Vol. 4 (Praeger, 2007), pp. 127–38.
57.
9/11 Commission, Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Against the United States, Washington, DC (2004), pp. 361–428, 562–7.
Counterintelligence and Civil Liberties 58.
Kathryn S. Olmsted, ‘Linus Pauling: A Case Study in Counterintelligence Run Amok’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Handbook of Intelligence Studies (Routledge, 2007), pp. 269–78.
59.
Loch K. Johnson, ‘The Huston Plan’, America’s Secret Power: The CIA in a Democratic Society (Oxford University Press, 1989), pp. 133–56.
60.
Symposium on Warrantless Wiretaps, Opening Argument, Yale University School of Law (Feb. 2006), pp. 1–8.
A Comparative Perspective 79.
Mark Phythian, ‘Intelligence Oversight in the UK: The Case of Iraq’, in Loch K. Johnson (ed.), Handbook of Intelligence Studies (Routledge, 2007), pp. 301–14.
80.
Ian Leigh, ‘More Closely Watching the Spies: Three Decades of Experiences’, in Hans Born, Loch K. Johnson, and Ian Leigh, Who’s Watching the Spies? Establishing Intelligence Service Accountability (Potomac Books, 2005), pp. 3–11.
81.
Stuart Farson, ‘Canada’s Long Road from Model Law to Effective Oversight of Security and Intelligence’, in Hans Born, Loch K. Johnson, and Ian Leigh, Who’s Watching the Spies? Establishing Intelligence Service Accountability (Potomac Books, 2005), pp. 99–118.
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