1. The diagram below shows how a dredger can remove mud from the bottom of canals. The table compares features of the canal dredger with those of a coastal dredger. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The pictorial representation describes working mechanism of a dredger during the silt removal task from ground level of canals. Also, the comparison of canal and coastal dredger has been shown with the help of tabular data. To begin with, the graphic shows the implementation of a new dredging technology, in the city of Venice, to remove loose mud from ground level of canals and sea floor. This new invention will enable mud removal without having to remove all water from the canals in the upcoming years. The machinery involves a boat with hydraulic arms, which can help the lowering of cleaning device to the canal floor. The silt removed is carried over to the shuttle boat via a tube. The boat with the loaded mud is towed out of the city for dumping. Statistically, the hull length of a coastal dredger is almost four times than that of a canal dredger which is just of 22 meters whereas its hull breadth is about double the size of a coastal one. Moreover, as per requirement, the depth of a coastal dredger is 35 meters in comparison to just 1.87 meters in case of the one needed for canal.
The dredging by means of a canal dredger is almost similar to the process done by a coastal dredger. But, the only difference is that the scale of all the parts involved is of lower level.
Bands : 7.0
2. The chart below gives information on the percentage of British people giving money to charity by age range for the years 1990 and 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The bar diagram presents insights into the proportion of Britons by age , donating money to charitable organisations in the year 1990 and 2010. To begin with, in the year 1990 the amount of donations showed continuous increase from age 18 to 50 and reached a peak of around 41% in the age group of 36 to 50 years and then formed a plateau. And, with increase in age beyond 50 years the amount of contributions towards charitable purposes showed a mild decline. Similarly, in 2010 the pattern followed the same trend as in 1990 and the percentage of charity showed a continuous increase from age 18 to 65 , but in comparison to 1990 the zenith level of contributions was reached in the age group of 51-65 and then , similar to 1990, there was a bit of decline.
Overall, almost similar trend was observed in both the years from ages 18 to 15. But a significant point to note is that there was a trend reversal after the age of 50 , and the number of people donating in 2010 was more than the amount of population in 1990.
3. The graph and table below shows the average monthly temperatures and the average number of hours of sunshine per year in three major cities. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
London New York Sydney
1180 2535 2473
The graphical representation shows comparison amongst three cities namely, London, New York and Sydney , in terms of average temperatures each month and the tabular data differentiates on the basis of amount of sunshine received annually. To begin with, monthly temperatures show an exactly contrasting trend with London and New York on one side and Sydney on the other side. At the beginning of the year the temperatures were around 5 and 10 degrees respectively in New York and London respectively and then reaching a peak level of 24 and 30 in mid of July and then again showing continuous decline till December , when, it again plummeted to around 10 and 5 .On the other hand, the pattern was exactly opposite in case of Sydney, where it started as high as 25 during starting of the year and dropping to 15 in the mid of July and finally again gaining momentum and reaching a upward level of 25. Moreover, in terms of number of hours of sunlight received , New York and Sydney go neck to neck, where as, London only getting almost half of the sunshine as compared to both the other cities. Overall, it can be summarized that New York shows the most variation in temperatures and attains the maximum level of temperature and also the maximum sunshine.
4. The diagrams below show the changes that have taken place at West Park Secondary School since its construction in 1950. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The pictorial representation details out the series of changes that occurred at West Park Secondary School , since it was constructed way back in 1950. To begin with, in the year 1950 , the educational institute occupied space along the road with a recreational ground besides it. There was a series of houses just adjacent to the school and a small farmland exactly diagonally to it, just behind the residential complexes. Then by the year 1980, almost all the space next to the original school building was taken over by the authorities and the original space occupied by houses was converted to house a Science block just adjacent to the school main building and a car parking next to the new block. The farmland was converted to a sports ground to cater to the new needs of the school. Finally , by the year 2010 as the count of people coming on cars increased , all the space allotted to the sports ground was taken over by the parking stall to cater to the new demand.A small portion of the original playground ,adjacent to the car parking , was marked for sports facilities .
Overall, with increasing modernisation and population pressure , the primary focus of school moved from allotting space for outdoor activities to make new shelter for the cars.
5. The maps below show the village of Stokeford in 1930 and in 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The pictorial representation depicts the series of changes those occurred in the village of Stokeford from the year 1930 to 2010. In the year 1930,area in the south-west and north-east of the village was used for agricultural purposes. The river passed through the village and was having a bridge built over it in the northern portion of village .The road bypassing the village was surrounded by houses, Post office , several shops on one side and a Primary school and Gardens on the other side. In the far end of the garden from the road , there used to be a Large house. However, in 2010, farmland totally vanished from the village and moreover the portion of land used for agrarian purposes was used for construction of dwellings in the village. In addition to this, the land allocated to Gardens almost shrunk to half in size and the large house was converted to a retirement home. There was no change to the location and size of the post office but, the Primary school witnessed significant change and doubling its size since, 1930.
Overall, the most striking feature of the various noteworthy changes due to the effect of growth of population which in turn lead to the complete occupation of the farmland for residential purposes.
6. The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990’s. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Causes of land degradation by region Region
% land degraded by... Deforestation Over Over grazing Total land cultivation degraded North America 0.2 3.3 1.5 5% Europe 9.8 7.7 5.5 23% Oceania 1.7 0 11.3 13% ( Ocenia is a large group of islands in the South Pacific including Australia and New Zealand)
The information illustrated in the graphical representation gives insights in to(into) various reasons behind cultivating land becoming less productive. The tabular data describes how those factors impacted three parts of the earth during the period of 90’s.(90s) Overall, although the most noteworthy cause behind downgrading of agricultural land quality is over-grazing by animals as per the diagrammatic representation , but, the tabular data , highlights Europe as the region with maximum loss and also gives different weight to other factors too depending upon the location under discussion. First of all, grazing of land by animals and cutting of trees are the most notorious reasons behind the degradation of land quality and contribute 35 % and 30 % respectively. Over-cultivation as a cause is very close in percentage to be the third highest contributor towards the loss. (7% others) Moreover, the data in picture shows a more diverse picture when seen in combination with the statistics in the tabular form .Europe has faced the maximum loss , with 23% of its land rendered less productive .But, the factors contributing to maximum loss were deforestation and over-cultivation , but over grazing. Similarly, Oceania, a group of islands in South Pacific , Australia and NewZealand, as a region was maximum affected by over-grazing up to a level of 11.3 %.North American saw least amount of land affected ,standing at 5% and that too by over-cultivation.
7. The graph shows underground station passenger numbers in London.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the graphical representation gives insights in to the hourly distribution of tally of passengers at Underground Station in the city of London. The distribution is spread over a period of 16 hours, form 6:00 am to 11:00 pm, with rocketing patterns of traffic at 6:00 am and 8:00 pm. At the beginning of the day , the numbers jump from a mere 100 at 6:00 am to 400 at 8:00 am. Afterwards , a steep decline is observed till 10:00 am , when the tally plummets to just below 200.After gradual ups and downs during the day , the figure finally (adjective) drops to 100 at 4.00 pm. However, the traffic hikes to around 400 within a period of 2 hours , from 4.00 pm to 6.00 pm. But, similar pattern is seen in the decline of commuters’ number , from 6.00 pm to 8.00 pm and the tally dives from a high of around 400 to just around 125.Finally, till around 10.00 pm, the numbers remain quite stable in the range of around 125 to about 175.00 Overall, the most striking feature of the pattern is that the growth is most significant during early morning around 8:00 am and then during later in the evening at around 6.00 pm. Bands:7.0
8. The maps below show a section of university campus in 1990 and now. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information depicted in the pictures gives insights into the series of developments that took place at an educational institute since the year 1990. In the north of the lot, the areas allocated for classroom building A and classroom building B in 1990 were re-allotted to departments of Humanities and Science respectively. The south-east area had a vacant space in the year 1990 which has been used (use simple present tense) for construction of a Recreation Building and a Women’s Dormitory. However, the space previously used as a Women’s Dormitory in the south-west of the campus , now houses a Men’s Dormitory in addition to the one Dormitory just adjacent to it.
Furthermore, Library has been extended towards south-east to cater to the current needs and a new Arts and Music department structure has been developed in the north-east corner of the institute area. On the top of it, a pond has been made almost at the pivot of the whole lot and a Bike path has been constructed around the pond and leading towards the Stadium, 500 meters from the campus, from the north-east corner of the campus. Overall, the residential space allocated to Men and Women has been expanded to accommodate the expanded count of students and few structures have been added to add aesthetic sense to the institute.
Bands:7.0 An additional Men’s Dormitory is added in place the previously constructed Women’s Dormitory while Women’s Dormitory is shifted to the south east of the campus on the south side of the newly constructed Recreational Building.
9. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the bar diagram gives insights into the number of men and women students going for higher education and studying full-time or part-time in Britain, in three periods of 1970-71,1980-81 and 1990-91. It is clearly shown that men were ahead of women, in number of part-time students during 1970-71 and 1980-81 periods. However, the number of women students in part-time courses rose remarkably nearing 1100 during 1990-91 and the numbers jumped ahead those of men, which were near to 900. The strength of women students in both modes of courses observed gradual increase in every
period, but on the contrary for men, the full time students saw a rise every period, whereas the number of part-time students saw a dip in numbers to around 880 during 1980-81 and then in 1990-91 again rose to 900. Additionally, in full-time courses, women students’ numbers stood at around 80 in 1970-71 and men were around 100, but the numbers for both were at par in 1990-91. Overall, men students’ numbers gradually rose only for full-time courses, and on the contrary, their female counterparts reported increase in number for both type of courses and for all three periods.
10. The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the pictorial representation gives insights into the step by step procedure followed for bricks building process for the construction businesses. To begin with, the process starts with digging of clay, a special type of mud which is sticky in nature and is used for pottery and making other things, by the digger. The clay dug from earth is passed over to a metal grid over a roller, to filter out the fine material from the raw stuff. The material so obtained is mixed with sand and water before passing through the moulding process, which shapes them into the structure of bricks. Each brick is separated from the other one, coming out of the mould, with the help of a wire cutter. In the further process, the bricks are collectively kept in a drying oven for 24 to 48 hours, to take out any extra moisture. After the drying process, the bricks are kept in two different chambers of different temperature ranges. The temperatures in those kilns vary from 200 degrees to 1300 degrees centigrade. Once, the heating process is over, then the bricks are allowed to cool down for 48 to 72 hours before being sent for packing and further for delivery to required sites. Overall, the process of bricks making is a collection of several steps and all steps are so interlinked with each other that any lapses in one can ruin the quality of the final product. Comments: 7.0
11.The graph shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the statistical representation gives insights into the percentage of populace of UK who were more than 4 years of age and getting entertained through Television and radio for the day during the period from October to December, in the year 1992. To begin with, radio was more preferred over television during dawn at 6 am, with around 8% of audience as compared to 0% for television. With passing of day, the count of viewers for both the mediums grew, but significant spike was seen for radio’s viewership at around 8 am, recording around 30 % of total audience, where as for television, the patrons’ ratio reached only within around 7%. However, then there was a trend reversal and count of listeners to radio gradually showed a decline till next day. On the contrary, television viewers kept on increasing with each passing hour of the day and peaking at around 48 %, around 8 pm. But, then there was a steep decline in the audience figures and the numbers fell down to around 2% by 2 am and then remained stable. Overall, the most striking feature was that peak television coverage was almost double than that of radio. Bands: 7.0 Around : Nearly : approaching, in the neighborhood, preety near About : Approx : roughly, close to, proximately, very close, in the vicinity of
12. The charts below give information about the origin of crude oil imports to the US in 2012 and about the percentage of imports as a share of US crude oil consumption. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
ORIGIN OF CRUDE OIL IMPORTS TO THEUS IN 2012
The data illustrated in the graphical representations gives insights into the percentage of raw oil imported into the US, in 2012, from various geographical regions of the world and the chunk of imports out of total oil consumed from the year 2005 to 2012. To begin with, the pie chart clearly shows that the major chunk of 39% of oil used in the US was produced in US itself. Canada occupied the second rank in the list of importers with a share of 24%.Both these countries had a combined stake of 63%.
The rest 27% was divided (was imported from) amongst Middle East, Africa, Latin America and others in a ratio of 17%, 8%, 9% and 3% respectively. Furthermore, the bar chart throws light on the share of imports year wise. The amount of imports observed a persistent decline from 2005 to 2012, from a figure of 60% to 40%. The share of imports dropped below 50% in the year 2010 and reducing gradually later also. Overall, the noteworthy fact is that the US has been reducing its dependence on imported oil, step by step every year and by the year 2012 the major portion of oil is was produced there itself. Bands: 6.5 or 7.0
13. The graphs below give information about computer ownership as a percentage of the population between 2002 and 2010, and by the level of education for the years 2002 and 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The statistics illustrated in the bar charts gives insights into the proportion of people owning computers from the year 2002 to 2010 and numbers of computer owners by the literacy standards, in two years of 2002 and 2010. To begin with, the most noteworthy trend is that the ratio of people in possession of computers gradually rose from 2002 to 2010, from a figure of
around 58% to about 75%.Between 2004 to 2008, an increase of approximate 10 % was observed for each gap of 2 years. Moreover, the level of education also seemed to have an effect on the figures of people having computers. The level of education is directly correlated with the proportion of individuals possessing computers. For school students, the numbers varied from around 15% to 35 % for year 2002 and hovering around 40% to 68% in 2010.For bachelors and postgraduates, the numbers were about 70% to 75 % for 2002 and in vicinity of 90% to 95 % for the year 2010.(For people who were not able to complete their college studies, the pattern is similar as other groups and the spike in numbers is in the neighbourhood of 55% to 85% , for year 2010 from 2002.) Overall, the most striking point worth noting is the continuous hike in numbers of computer owners, between 2002 to 2010 irrespective of the year and the level of education. Bands: 7.0
14. The two maps show Tilden airport and surrounding area in 1985 and 2015 Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the pictorial representation gives insights into the developments that occurred at Tilden Airport from 1985 to 2015. To begin with, several features such as Domestic Terminal, Car Park and International Terminal remained similar in both the years, with the exception of extension of International Terminal to its north-west to cater to more traffic. The Runway in the west of the airport was renamed as Runway One, because of the addition of Runway Two. The Johnson’s farm, occupying the north-east corner in 1985 was redeveloped in 2015, to make space for a Business park, Housing Estate and Runway Two. The space in the south-east corner of the Airport, occupied by the factories, was re-planned to accommodate a Hotel and
Conference Centre as well as an Airport Support Services building. Moreover, the structure used for Airport Support Services in 1985 was extended to make way for a Bus and Light Rail Station, and the light rail connected to the Airport from the south-east. Overall, the noteworthy features were the re-categorising of the airport to an International airport and addition of a new Runway and a light rail to complex.
Bands: 7.0
A large number of ancient monuments are endangered and in fragile state in many nations due to negligence of government and allowing free entry to those places. Thus, appropriate attention by the authorities and people to enter inside the historical buildings can foster to preserve those monuments. This essay will discuss about the causes of destruction of historical buildings and measures to protect them. Firstly, reasons of destruction of buildings, which have historical significance are numerous. For one, national bodies are less heedful these days to protect the arts, instead, they are prioritizing in the scientific areas, Whereas in the past, importance to history was given by the government. As
a result, most of the monuments are left non-renovated, a truth that makes these buildings fragile, leads eventually to demolish them. In addition this, many historical buildings have free entrance. Therefore, all the people are entering there even without the purpose to observe the building, such as lovers, which makes the buildings filthy. Thus, the predisposing factors that play to destroy old historic buildings can be seen. However, there are some potential solutions. First of all, governments need to be heedful to repair and renovate the buildings which are weak. For example, one monument of Nepal was demolished because of lack of renovation, which was the property of government, while another historical building protected by non government sector is in proper working condition. Moreover, a system to pay for the entrance can also be implemented, a strategy that caters to prohibit the unnecessary entry of people. Hence, government’s attention and fee to enter inside the monuments will prove to be effective to prevent the destruction of historical buildings. In conclusion, although, old historical buildings are in fragile condition because of carelessness of governments and free entrance system, however, careful attention of the authorities and policy to pay fee to enter are preventive strategies to avert those ramifications.
15. The charts below show the average percentage in typical meals of three types of nutrients , all of which may be unhealthy if eaten too much. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the pie chart(s)(use synonyms) gives insights in to the composition of meals in the USA, for three components, the excess intake of which can have negative effects. The three constituents under discussion are namely(use either of these), Sodium, Saturated fat and Added sugar. It is evident from the figures that all three of them had almost equal proportion during the breakfast. However, the consumption of all of them showed a gradual increase, from breakfast to dinner, but there was a spurt in consumption during the snacks time . In case of Sodium, its the value ranges from 14% during breakfast to 43% during dinner, where as in case of Saturated fat the value varied from 16 % to 37% and from 16% to 23% in case of Added sugar. The main component during the dinner was Sodium and Saturated fat, where as the top position was occupied by Added sugar during the snacks time. Overall, the composition of meals followed a similar pattern during the meals and showed a rise for all three nutrients, although to a different degree for each one of them.
Vocabulary : components = ingredient = element
16. The charts below show the average percentages in typical meals of three types of nutrients, all of which may be unhealthy if eaten too much.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
( Cambridge IELTS 14 : Test 1 )
The information, illustrated in the pie diagrams, gives insights in to the mean distribution of three constituents namely, Sodium, Saturated fat and Added sugar, in the meals in the USA. Notably, it is worth mentioning that excess intake for any of them can have detrimental effects on body. To begin with, the consumption of Sodium observed a gradual rise from 14 % to 43% during breakfast to dinner. Likewise, in case of Saturated fat the range varied from 16% to 37% from breakfast to dinner. Similarly, for added sugar, it was 16 % in the breakfast, 19% in the lunch and 23% during dinner. It is worth noting that, Sodium and Saturated fat, were the most significant ingredients in dinner, but the added sugar was the clear winner during the snacks time. The highest consumption amongst all, was for Sodium during the dinner time which stood at 43% , and surprisingly the lowest consumption was also for Sodium during breakfast and snacks time at 14%. Overall, all the discussed constituents of diet had the same pattern during the day and the intake increased in each meal with passage of the day, except during the snacks time.
Academic 14 Task 1
17. The chart below shows the value of one country’s exports in various categories during 2015 and 2016. The table shows the percentage change in each category of exports in 2016 compared with 2015. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
( Cambridge IELTS 14 : Test 2) The statistical information illustrated in the bar graph gives insights in to the amount of exports for numerous products in billion dollars, for a country in the years 2015 and 2016 (Moreover,)The tabular data details about the comparative analysis in percentages, for exports in 2016 in relation to 2015. To begin with, it is evident from the pictorial data that exports for all products under petroleum products, engineered goods, agricultural products, textiles, but gems and jewellery, saw an increase in 2016 as compared to 2015.The maximum growth , in numbers, was observed in the textiles sector, where it moved from around 26 billion to 32 billion. At first glance, on tabular data, it becomes clear that the biggest jump was in the Textiles figures, which increased by 15.24 %. The next position in terms of growth was occupied by engineered goods and the increase in that segment was 8.5%.However,the only sector lagging behind was the Gems and jewellery sector and it faced a decline in numbers by 5.18%. Overall, the country’s growth in exports occurred in all segments, but Gems and jewellery, and notably Textiles, was the clear winner in terms of growth.
To begin with, the amount of petroleum products increased from about $ 60 billion to around $ 63 billion from 2015 to 2016 whereas the same years saw an incline of approximately $3 billion for the engineered goods. Besides, the other three categories remained in the range of nearly $26 to $40 billion with elevated number in 2016 except in case of gems and jewellery.
18. The diagram below shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power station. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
( Cambridge IELTS 14 : Test 3)
The information illustrated in the pictorial representation gives insights in to the functioning of a hydropower project. Additionally, it gives a break-up of the procedure, involved in the whole project. To begin with, incoming water from a river is stored in a High-level reservoir with the help of a dam. During the day time, the water is made to flow through a channel till it reaches a power station, so as to bring reversible turbines in to motion, with its force. The turbines are connected to a generator, which produces electricity using potential energy of the water, and moves it forward to the National grid, through power lines. The water after passing through the turbines is stored in a low-level reservoir. Further, at night, the same water stored in the low-level reservoir is pushed back by the reversible turbines, through the channel into the high-level reservoir via an intake, which is designed to remain open during the day and close at night. Overall, the reservoir and turbines are the indispensable components of the project and play vital role in the electricity production process.
19. The plans below show a public park when it first opened in 1920 and the same park today. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
( Cambridge IELTS 14 : Test 4 ) The information illustrated in the pictorial representation gives insights into the changes those which occurred at a public park, named Grange Park located on Eldon Street in Arnold Avenue, since its opening in 1920 till the present day. To begin with, an arrangement has been made in the present day, for underground car parking through the south east corner of the park. There used to be a Rose garden and a pond, to the north-east of the park in earlier design, which has now been replaced by a cafe and play area for children respectively. Further, the same garden has been relocated to the centre of the park, which space was earlier occupied by a fountain.
In addition to these changes, the stage for musicians in the old architecture has been converted to an amphitheatre for concerts. Also, there used to be a Glasshouse in the south-east corner of the park, which has now been replaced by a water feature. Moreover, the seating arrangement spread out throughout the park , earlier, has presently been condensed in to the centre of the park. Overall, the most noteworthy change is the concentration of seating arrangement and changes to incorporate leisure places for children. visitors Band: 6.0
Introduction Body Conclusion
20. The chart below shows the results of a survey about people’s coffee and tea buying and drinking habits in five Australian cities. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the bar graph gives insights into the shopping pattern for tea and coffee, for five cities in Australia. To begin with, the ratio(count) of people, who preferred to purchase fresh coffee in the past 4 weeks, was maximum for Sydney, at around 44% and lowest for Brisbane and Adelaide at around 34%, whereas for others the numbers hovered in the range of 39% to 41%.However, the percentage of consumers, who indulged in buying instant coffee during the same period , was greatest for Hobart, standing at around 54% and was lowest for Sydney, neighbouring 46%.In terms of the percentage, for people who visited any store, either for coffee or tea, the clear winner was Melbourne with numbers in the vicinity of 64%.But, Sydney and Hobart were also not far behind and stood at 61% and 63% respectively. It is worth mentioning that, only in case of Adelaide, the number people who went to purchase either coffee or tea, was lower than the count of people buying instant coffee.(in conclusion) Overall, it can be seen that the patrons for instant coffee had always been outnumbering those of fresh coffee in all the five cities. Comma ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
21. The graph below shows the number of tourists visiting a particular Caribbean island between 2010 and 2017. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the line graph gives insights into the count of people who paid visit to a specified island in the Caribbean, from the year 2010 to 2017. To begin with, it is evident in the first glance that the total number of tourists showed a gradual increase from 1 million to around 2.75 million between 2010 and 2016 then, there was a sudden increase in 2017 when numbers jumped to 3.5 million. Similarly(out of these), in case of the number of tourists staying on cruise ships, the numbers slowly moved from 0.25 million in 2010 to 2 million in 2017, however there was a slight dip in 2012, when the count fell to 0.25 million again, but since then it never looked back. However, the pattern followed by people staying on the island during the same duration had a different trend. The number remained stable in 2010 and 2011 at 0.5 million, then it rose slightly to 1.5 million in 2013 and formed a plateau, before falling to 1.25 in 2016 and eventually ending up at 1.5 in 2017.
Overall, the footfall for visitors always observed a rising trend, but staying on cruise ships took over as their preferred place of accommodation over the option of staying on island, during their trips. Bands: 6.5
22 The diagram below shows how instant noodles are manufactured. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the pictorial representation gives insights in to the industrial process of instant noodles’ production. To begin with, the flour is delivered by the supply trucks and then, it is stored in the storage Silos. Further, the flour is transported to a mixer, where it is mixed with water and oil to form dough. Subsequently, the dough is passed via rollers to convert it into dough sheets and further these sheets are converted into dough strips after being passed through the machinery. Afterwards, after forming discs of these dough strips, they are cooked in oil and then process of drying them up is completed. Eventually, they are put in to cups with mixture of vegetables and
spices, before the cups are labelled and sealed. In the end, the labelled cups are sent for further processing. Overall, all the eight steps involved in the manufacturing process have their own significance and the final outcome depends upon, how efficiently each step was completed. Overall, six steps are involved in the manufacturing process whereas two additional steps are followed for making them presentable to customers. Bands: 6.0
IELTS 14 -4 Vocabulary :
Self employed : Success : accomplishment, triumph Failure : Jealous : envious, resentful, apprehensive Attractive : Alluring, tempting, enticing
14 Task 2
I – Opinion (intro,conclusion) They – noun mentioned already (children--ďƒ they) I,we,our,us ,you- koi matlab ni in writing
Despite..................................., ........................................... Eg. Despite having several disadvantages, online shopping has some advantages as well. In spite of having several disadvantages, online shopping has some advantages as well. Although there are several disadvantages of online shopping, (but) it has some advantages as well. Even though there are several disadvantages of online shopping,..................... Though there are several disadvantages of online shopping,...............................
Handouts -20 Social Society Community Communal Bands: 6.5
23. The charts below show the number of French adults whose parents spoke a French regional language to them when they were children and the number who speak a French regional language to their own children. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the bar diagrams, gives insights in to the count of grownup French people, who were communicated via a local French language by their parents, during their childhood. Additionally, the data also sheds light on the figures of same people who spoke (present) a local language to their own kids.
To begin with, in the group of habitually spoken dialects, Alsatian and Occitan were the most frequently used languages, with numbers hovering around 600 thousand. On the contrary, Creole and Corsican were spoken by fewer people and figures are in the vicinity of 100 thousand. However, comparison amongst the same group of five languages, when spoken sparingly showed a different picture. In that data, Occitan was ahead of all, with numbers around 1.05 million. Breton, Alsatian, Creole and Corsican were far behind in the neighbourhood of 400, 250, 120 and 100 thousands respectively. Likewise, Occitan and Alsatian were part of more conversations when the same adults conversed with their young ones, with numbers about 250 thousand and 400 thousand respectively. Breton, Creole and Corsican were rarely used, in comparison to above mentioned two and their numbers ranged between 80 to 100 thousands. Overall, Alsatian and Occitan occupied a noteworthy place in mode of communication, be it in the means used by parents of French people or by French people with their offsprings.
24.
The maps below show the changes experienced by the town of Harton at the beginning of the 21 st century. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information illustrated in the pictorial representation gives insights in to the developments ,that occurred in the city of Harton during the dawn of 21st century, between 2008 to 2016. To begin with, there were massive changes in the east side of the city, where the forest cover and residential area in the south-east of the city, were taken over to make way for an Industrial complex, which was bigger than previous structure. Likewise, south-west(western) parts of town also witnessed several redevelopments, such as residential area and Arts centre were replanned as Shopping centre and Multi-screen cinema, respectively. In the north of the city Derelict warehouse paved way for the construction of a car parking and the place where there used to be the old town, was redeveloped in to offices and a University. A significant change was the shrinking of forest cover, to the north-east corner of the city and the conversion of lake to a smaller pond. Nevertheless, few structures such as residential area in north-west, school and path of the river were left untouched. Overall, the city had significant changes in terms of new or redeveloped structures such as cinema, university car parking, but the noteworthy point was the reduction of green cover to make space for new structures. Bands:6.5 Where, that,.....conjunction 25. The graph below shows Twitter use by age group in the USA between November 2010 and May 2013.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The information depicted in the line chart gives insights into the percentage of Twitter users grouped by age, between November 2010 and May 2013, in the USA. To begin with, amongst all age groups, the users were highest during the full period, for age group 18-29 and it ranged between 14% to 32%, but it ended in the vicinity of 30% in May 2013.Similarly, for age band of 30-49, the values started at around 7% and after few ups and downs till August 2011, the pattern maintained a stable rise and finished around 17%.Likewise, for people between 50 and 64 years of age, the ratio grew steadily from 6% to 10 % in December 2012, before growing sharply to 13% in May 2013.However, the pattern for the people of more than 65 years of age was quite bumpy. It declined in the beginning and fell to 2% in January 2011, and then rose sharply to 6% before again plummeting to around 2%. Thereafter, it formed a plateau till December 2012, and finally rose to 5% at the end of the period. Overall, the proportion of users maintained a same similar pattern throughout the period and it was highest for the youngest age group of 18-29 and lowest for the older people beyond the age of 65. Band:7.0
Overall, the most significant point was that the difference between the youngest and the oldest age group widened from around 10 % in the beginning to around 25% at the end of the period under consideration.